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Barrak FN, Li S, Mohammed AA, Myant C, Jones JR. Anti-inflammatory properties of S53P4 bioactive glass implant material. J Dent 2022; 127:104296. [PMID: 36116542 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2022.104296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess whether the dissolution products of S53P4 bioactive glass (BG) affect cellular response of macrophages and clinically relevant peri‑implant cell populations to dental implant particles in vitro. Cells chosen were human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs), osteoblasts and bone marrow derived stromal cells (HBMSCs). METHODS Melt-derived S53P4 bioactive glass were prepared. HGFs, Saos-2 human osteoblastic cell line, HBMSCs and macrophages, derived from THP-1 human monocytic cell line, were cultured in the presence of particles from commercially pure titanium (Ti-CP4), grade 5 titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V), titanium-zirconium alloy (Ti-15Zr) or zirconia (Zr) (with respective diameters of 34.1 ± 3.8, 33.3 ± 4.4, 97.8 ± 8.2 and 71.3 ± 6.1 µm) with or without S53P4 dissolution products (conditioned media contained 327.30 ± 2.01 ppm Ca, 51.34 ± 0.41 ppm P and 61.48 ± 1.17 ppm Si, pH 8.01 ± 0.21). Inflammatory and macrophage polarisation markers including TNF-ɑ, IL-1, IL-6 and CD206 were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS The presence of Ti-6Al-4V implant particles significantly induced the expression of pro-inflammatory markers in all tested cell types. S53P4 BG dissolution products regressed the particle induced up-regulation of pro-inflammatory markers and, appeared to suppress M1 macrophage polarisation. CONCLUSIONS Implant particles, Ti-6Al-4V in particular, resulted in significant inflammatory responses from cells. S53P4 BG may possess anti-inflammatory properties and potentially mediate macrophage polarisation behaviour. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The findings highlight that the use and benefits of BG is a promising field of study. Authors believe more collective efforts are required to fully understand the reliability, efficiency and exact mechanisms of action of BG in the search for new generation of treatment modalities in dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadi N Barrak
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom; Visiting Specialist Services Academy Ltd, Office 6.072 6th Floor, First Central 200, 2 Lakeside Drive, London NW10 7FQ, United Kingdom
| | - Siwei Li
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom; Visiting Specialist Services Academy Ltd, Office 6.072 6th Floor, First Central 200, 2 Lakeside Drive, London NW10 7FQ, United Kingdom
| | - Ali A Mohammed
- Dyson School of Design Engineering, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Connor Myant
- Dyson School of Design Engineering, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Julian R Jones
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.
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Madeira S, Buciumeanu M, Nobre D, Carvalho O, Silva FS. Development of a novel hybrid Ti6Al4V-ZrO 2 surface with high wear resistance by laser and hot pressing techniques for dental implants. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2022; 136:105508. [PMID: 36265278 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The development of implant metal-free surfaces has gained attention since non-benefic results have been reported related to the metallic ions released from metal implants to the human body. Ceramic coatings have been proposed as a possible solution however, the detachment of these coatings, during implantation or even in function, can compromise its function. In order to overcome this problem, this work proposes a novel hybrid Ti6Al4V-ZrO2 surface, starting with laser texturing of the Ti6Al4V substrate by Laser Nd:YV04, followed by the allocation of the zirconia (ZrO2) powder and its subsequent sintering by hot pressing process. Results revealed that zirconia strongly adheres to titanium textured surfaces since no detachment was found under tribological and adhesion scratch tests. Moreover, the tribological results showed that the incorporation of zirconia into textured titanium surface reduces significantly the wear rate of titanium (≈93%), which is a good indicator of low metallic particles/ions released to the body. These results suggest that this novel surface with good aesthetic properties and improved wear resistance (given by zirconia) and mechanical resistance (from titanium) can be a promising solution for dental implants, especially for implant/abutment or abutment/ceramic contact zones, and thus have a huge impact on the long-term performance of implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Madeira
- Center for Micro-Electro Mechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMinho), University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058, Guimarães, Portugal; LABBELS -Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - M Buciumeanu
- Faculty of Engineering, "Dunărea de Jos" University of Galaţi, Domnească 47, 800008, Galati, Romania
| | - D Nobre
- Center for Micro-Electro Mechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMinho), University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - O Carvalho
- Center for Micro-Electro Mechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMinho), University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058, Guimarães, Portugal; LABBELS -Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - F S Silva
- Center for Micro-Electro Mechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMinho), University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058, Guimarães, Portugal; LABBELS -Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
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Periodontal Therapy Using Bioactive Glasses: A Review. PROSTHESIS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/prosthesis4040052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This paper reviews the use of bioactive glasses as materials for periodontal repair. Periodontal disease causes bone loss, resulting in tooth loosening and eventual tooth loss. However, it can be reversed using bioactive glass, typically the original 45S5 formulation (Bioglass®) at the defect site. This is done either by plcing bioactive glass granules or a bioactive glass putty at the defect. This stimulates bone repair and causes the defect to disappear. Another use of bioactive glass in periodontics is to repair so-called furcation defects, i.e., bone loss due to infection at the intersection of the roots in multi-rooted teeth. This treatment also gives good clinical outcomes. Finally, bioactive glass has been used to improve outcomes with metallic implants. This involves either placing bioactive glass granules into the defect prior to inserting the metal implant, or coating the implant with bioactive glass to improve the likelihood of osseointegration. This needs the glass to be formulated so that it does not crack or debond from the metal. This approach has been very successful, and bioactive glass coatings perform better than those made from hydroxyapatite.
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Guo N, Tian J, Wang L, Sun K, Mi L, Ming H, Zhe Z, Sun F. Discussion on the possibility of multi-layer intelligent technologies to achieve the best recover of musculoskeletal injuries: Smart materials, variable structures, and intelligent therapeutic planning. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1016598. [PMID: 36246357 PMCID: PMC9561816 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1016598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although intelligent technologies has facilitated the development of precise orthopaedic, simple internal fixation, ligament reconstruction or arthroplasty can only relieve pain of patients in short-term. To achieve the best recover of musculoskeletal injuries, three bottlenecks must be broken through, which includes scientific path planning, bioactive implants and personalized surgical channels building. As scientific surgical path can be planned and built by through AI technology, 4D printing technology can make more bioactive implants be manufactured, and variable structures can establish personalized channels precisely, it is possible to achieve satisfied and effective musculoskeletal injury recovery with the progress of multi-layer intelligent technologies (MLIT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Guo
- Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Precision Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiawen Tian
- Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Precision Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Litao Wang
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Sun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Lixin Mi
- Musculoskeletal Department, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Ming
- Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao Zhe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Fuchun Sun
- Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Precision Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Fuchun Sun,
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Jafari N, Habashi MS, Hashemi A, Shirazi R, Tanideh N, Tamadon A. Application of bioactive glasses in various dental fields. Biomater Res 2022; 26:31. [PMID: 35794665 PMCID: PMC9258189 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-022-00274-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractBioactive glasses are a group of bioceramic materials that have extensive clinical applications. Their properties such as high biocompatibility, antimicrobial features, and bioactivity in the internal environment of the body have made them useful biomaterials in various fields of medicine and dentistry. There is a great variation in the main composition of these glasses and some of them whose medical usage has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) are called Bioglass. Bioactive glasses have appropriate biocompatibility with the body and they are similar to bone hydroxyapatite in terms of calcium and phosphate contents. Bioactive glasses are applied in different branches of dentistry like periodontics, orthodontics, endodontics, oral and maxillofacial surgery, esthetic and restorative dentistry. Also, some dental and oral care products have bioactive glasses in their compositions. Bioactive glasses have been used as dental implants in the human body in order to repair and replace damaged bones. Other applications of bioactive glasses in dentistry include their usage in periodontal disease, root canal treatments, maxillofacial surgeries, dental restorations, air abrasions, dental adhesives, enamel remineralization, and dentin hypersensitivity. Since the use of bioactive glasses in dentistry is widespread, there is a need to find methods and extensive resources to supply the required bioactive glasses. Various techniques have been identified for the production of bioactive glasses, and marine sponges have recently been considered as a rich source of it. Marine sponges are widely available and many species have been identified around the world, including the Persian Gulf. Marine sponges, as the simplest group of animals, produce different bioactive compounds that are used in a wide range of medical sciences. Numerous studies have shown the anti-tumor, anti-viral, anti-inflammatory, and antibiotic effects of these compounds. Furthermore, some species of marine sponges due to the mineral contents of their structural skeletons, which are made of biosilica, have been used for extracting bioactive glasses.
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Im C, Park JH, Jeon YM, Kim JG, Jang YS, Lee MH, Jeon WY, Kim JM, Bae TS. Improvement of osseointegration of Ti–6Al–4V ELI alloy orthodontic mini-screws through anodization, cyclic pre-calcification, and heat treatments. Prog Orthod 2022; 23:11. [PMID: 35368222 PMCID: PMC8977256 DOI: 10.1186/s40510-022-00405-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Mini-screws are widely used as temporary anchorages in orthodontic treatment, but have the disadvantage of showing a high failure rate of about 10%. Therefore, orthodontic mini-screws should have high biocompatibility and retention. Previous studies have demonstrated that the retention of mini-screws can be improved by imparting bioactivity to the surface. The method for imparting bioactivity proposed in this paper is to sequentially perform anodization, periodic pre-calcification, and heat treatments with a Ti–6Al–4V ELI alloy mini-screw.
Materials and methods
A TiO2 nanotube-structured layer was formed on the surface of the Ti–6Al–4V ELI alloy mini-screw through anodization in which a voltage of 20 V was applied to a glycerol solution containing 20 wt% H2O and 1.4 wt% NH4F for 60 min. Fine granular calcium phosphate precipitates of HA and octacalcium phosphate were generated as clusters on the surface through the cyclic pre-calcification and heat treatments. The cyclic pre-calcification treatment is a process of immersion in a 0.05 M NaH2PO4 solution and a saturated Ca(OH)2 solution at 90 °C for 1 min each.
Results
It was confirmed that the densely structured protrusions were precipitated, and Ca and P concentrations, which bind and concentrate endogenous bone morphogenetic proteins, increased on the surface after simulated body fluid (SBF) immersion test. In addition, the removal torque of the mini-screw fixed into rabbit tibias for 4 weeks was measured to be 8.70 ± 2.60 N cm.
Conclusions
A noteworthy point in this paper is that the Ca and P concentrations, which provide a scaffold suitable for endogenous bone formation, further increased over time after SBF immersion of the APH group specimens. The other point is that our mini-screws have a significantly higher removal torque compared to untreated mini-screws. These results represent that the mini-screw proposed in this paper can be used as a mini-screw for orthodontics.
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Abstract
Diseases or complications that are caused by bone tissue damage affect millions of patients every year. Orthopedic and dental implants have become important treatment options for replacing and repairing missing or damaged parts of bones and teeth. In order to use a material in the manufacture of implants, the material must meet several requirements, such as mechanical stability, elasticity, biocompatibility, hydrophilicity, corrosion resistance, and non-toxicity. In the 1970s, a biocompatible glassy material called bioactive glass was discovered. At a later time, several glass materials with similar properties were developed. This material has a big potential to be used in formulating medical devices, but its fragility is an important disadvantage. The use of bioactive glasses in the form of coatings on metal substrates allows the combination of the mechanical hardness of the metal and the biocompatibility of the bioactive glass. In this review, an extensive study of the literature was conducted regarding the preparation methods of bioactive glass and the different techniques of coating on various substrates, such as stainless steel, titanium, and their alloys. Furthermore, the main doping agents that can be used to impart special properties to the bioactive glass coatings are described.
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Clinical Evaluation of Dental Implants with a Double Acid-Etched Surface Treatment: A Cohort Observational Study with Up to 10-Year Follow-Up. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14216483. [PMID: 34772010 PMCID: PMC8585230 DOI: 10.3390/ma14216483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the survival and success rates of dental implants with a double acid-etched surface treatment with evaluation times up to 10 years post-loading. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted at a hospital oral surgery and implantology unit. It included 111 dental implants with a double acid-etched surface. Three groups were created: Group 1 (1-3 years loading), Group 2 (3-5 years loading), and Group 3 (over 5 years loading). Probing depth, resonance frequency analysis (ISQ value), and marginal bone loss were evaluated. Results: The data obtained underwent statistical analysis. Overall, 78 patients were included in the study, who received, in total, 111 dental implants, all replacing single teeth. Mean probing depth was 3.03 mm and mean ISQ was 65.54. Regarding marginal bone loss, in Group 1, 67.6% of implants did not undergo any thread loss, in Group 2, 48.3%, and in Group 3, 59.6%; 59.10% of all implants did not present thread loss with a mean bone loss of 0.552 mm. The implant survival rate was 99.1%, and the success rate was 96.37%. Conclusions: Implants with a double acid-etched surface showed excellent success rates in terms of marginal bone loss, ISQ, and probing depth after up to 10 years of loading, making them a clinically predictable treatment option. Future studies are needed to compare this implant surface with other types in different restorative situations.
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Huang C, Yu M, Li H, Wan X, Ding Z, Zeng W, Zhou Z. Research Progress of Bioactive Glass and Its Application in Orthopedics. ADVANCED MATERIALS INTERFACES 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/admi.202100606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics West China Hospital of Sichuan University No. 37 Guoxue Alley, Wuhou District Chengdu 610041 P. R. China
| | - Min Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology North‐Kuanren General Hospital No. 69 Xingguang Avenue, Yubei District Chongqing 401121 P. R. China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Orthopaedics West China Hospital of Sichuan University No. 37 Guoxue Alley, Wuhou District Chengdu 610041 P. R. China
| | - Xufeng Wan
- Department of Orthopaedics West China Hospital of Sichuan University No. 37 Guoxue Alley, Wuhou District Chengdu 610041 P. R. China
| | - Zichuan Ding
- Department of Orthopaedics West China Hospital of Sichuan University No. 37 Guoxue Alley, Wuhou District Chengdu 610041 P. R. China
| | - Weinan Zeng
- Department of Orthopaedics West China Hospital of Sichuan University No. 37 Guoxue Alley, Wuhou District Chengdu 610041 P. R. China
| | - Zongke Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics West China Hospital of Sichuan University No. 37 Guoxue Alley, Wuhou District Chengdu 610041 P. R. China
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Fabris D, Fredel MC, Souza JCM, Silva FS, Henriques B. Biomechanical behavior of functionally graded S53P4 bioglass-zirconia dental implants: Experimental and finite element analyses. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 120:104565. [PMID: 34087536 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this work was to evaluate the biomechanical behavior of one-piece zirconia implants with a functionally graded bioglass (BG) layer as compared to monolithic zirconia and BG-coated implants, using the finite element method (FEM). METHODS Zirconia disks were infiltrated with bioglass S53P4 and then morphologically inspected by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) followed by mechanical analyses on micro-indentation tests for further biomechanical validation using the finite element method (FEM). On modeling, zirconia dental implants anchored into mandibular bone were simulated on occlusal loading as recorded under mastication. Three types of implants were simulated: i) free of BG coating, ii) with 100 μm or 150 μm thick conventional BG coatings; and iii) with graded BG coatings involving 3 different chemical composition distributions. The stress state at both implant and bone were evaluated using the FEM. The mechanically-induced bone remodelling was analyzed through the bone strain results. RESULTS Infiltration of BG into a zirconia structure resulted in a ∼100 μm thick layer with an exponential-like gradation of chemical composition and properties. Regarding the FEM calculations, the BG coating induced up to 30% decrease on stress in the implant body when compared to the monolithic zirconia implant. The gradient of chemical composition also improved the stresses' distribution. The stresses distribution towards the BG-coatings were significantly high and could lead to failure. Stresses on the bone were recorded down to its strength threshold, with insignificant influence of the coating layer. The bone strain values on all models indicates further bone remodelling although BG-coated and BG-graded zirconia implants showed the highest strain magnitude that may enhance the mechanical stimulation for bone maintenance. SIGNIFICANCE Graded BG-zirconia dental implants showed enhanced overall biomechanical behaviour as compared to the BG-coated or monolithic zirconia dental implants. Also, such biomechanical improvements noticed for the BG-graded system should be considered in combination with the well-known osseointegration benefits of bioactive glasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Fabris
- Ceramic and Composite Materials Research Group (CERMAT), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Campus Trindade, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Márcio C Fredel
- Ceramic and Composite Materials Research Group (CERMAT), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Campus Trindade, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Júlio C M Souza
- Department of Dental Sciences, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, 4585-116, Gandra PRD, Portugal; CMEMS-UMinho, University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Filipe S Silva
- CMEMS-UMinho, University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Bruno Henriques
- Ceramic and Composite Materials Research Group (CERMAT), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Campus Trindade, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; Department of Dental Sciences, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, 4585-116, Gandra PRD, Portugal; School of Dentistry (DODT), Postgraduate Program in Dentistry (PPGO), Federal University of Santa Catarina, Campus Trindade, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
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Prakash VCA, Venda I, Thamizharasi V, Sathya E. Influence of DMSO-Sr on the Synthesis of Hydroxyapatite by Hydrothermal Coupled Microemulsion Method. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-020-01723-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Jeyachandran P, Bontha S, Bodhak S, Balla VK, Kundu B, Doddamani M. Mechanical behaviour of additively manufactured bioactive glass/high density polyethylene composites. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 108:103830. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.103830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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López-Valverde N, Flores-Fraile J, Ramírez JM, Macedo de Sousa B, Herrero-Hernández S, López-Valverde A. Bioactive Surfaces vs. Conventional Surfaces in Titanium Dental Implants: A Comparative Systematic Review. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9072047. [PMID: 32610687 PMCID: PMC7408888 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9072047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal studies and the scarce clinical trials available that have been conducted suggest that bioactive surfaces on dental implants could improve the osseointegration of such implants. The purpose of this systematic review was to compare the effectiveness of osseointegration of titanium (Ti) dental implants using bioactive surfaces with that of Ti implants using conventional surfaces such as sandblasted large-grit acid-etched (SLA) or similar surfaces. Applying the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) statement, the MEDLINE, PubMed Central and Web of Science databases were searched for scientific articles in April 2020. The keywords used were “dental implants”, “bioactive surfaces”, “biofunctionalized surfaces”, and “osseointegration”, according to the question: “Do bioactive dental implant surfaces have greater osseointegration capacity compared with conventional implant surfaces?” Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration tool. 128 studies were identified, of which only 30 met the inclusion criteria: 3 clinical trials and 27 animal studies. The average STROBE (STrengthening the Reporting of OBservational studies in Epidemiology) and ARRIVE (Animal Research: Reporting of In Vivo Experiments) scores were 15.13 ± 2.08 and 17.7±1.4, respectively. Implant stability quotient (ISQ) was reported in 3 studies; removal torque test (RTT)—in 1 study; intraoral periapical X-ray and microcomputed tomography radiological evaluation (RE)—in 4 studies; shear force (SF)—in 1 study; bone-to-implant contact (BIC)—in 12 studies; and BIC and bone area (BA) jointly—in 5 studies. All animal studies reported better bone-to-implant contact surface for bioactive surfaces as compared to control implants with a statistical significance of p < 0.05. Regarding the bioactive surfaces investigated, the best results were yielded by the one where mechanical and chemical treatment methods of the Ti surfaces were combined. Hydroxyapatite (HA) and calcium–phosphate (Ca–Ph) were the most frequently used bioactive surfaces. According to the results of this systematic review, certain bioactive surfaces have a positive effect on osseointegration, although certain coating biomolecules seem to influence early peri-implant bone formation. Further and more in-depth research in this field is required to reduce the time needed for osseointegration of dental implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nansi López-Valverde
- Department of Surgery, University of Salamanca, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (N.L.-V.); (J.F.-F.); (S.H.-H.)
| | - Javier Flores-Fraile
- Department of Surgery, University of Salamanca, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (N.L.-V.); (J.F.-F.); (S.H.-H.)
| | - Juan Manuel Ramírez
- Department of Morphological Sciences, University of Cordoba, Avenida Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14071 Cordoba, Spain;
| | - Bruno Macedo de Sousa
- Institute for Occlusion and Orofacial Pain Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Polo I - Edifício Central Rua Larga, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Silvia Herrero-Hernández
- Department of Surgery, University of Salamanca, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (N.L.-V.); (J.F.-F.); (S.H.-H.)
| | - Antonio López-Valverde
- Department of Surgery, University of Salamanca, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (N.L.-V.); (J.F.-F.); (S.H.-H.)
- Correspondence:
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Electrophoretic Deposition and Characterization of Chitosan/Eudragit E 100 Coatings on Titanium Substrate. COATINGS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings10070607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Currently, a significant problem is the production of coatings for titanium implants, which will be characterized by mechanical properties comparable to those of a human bone, high corrosion resistance, and low degradation rate in the body fluids. This paper aims to describe the properties of novel chitosan/Eudragit E 100 (chit/EE100) coatings deposited on titanium grade 2 substrate by the electrophoretic technique (EPD). The deposition was carried out for different parameters like the content of EE100, time of deposition, and applied voltage. The microstructure, surface roughness, chemical and phase composition, wettability, mechanical and electrochemical properties, and degradation rate at different pH were examined in comparison to chitosan coating without the addition of Eudragit E 100. The applied deposition parameters significantly influenced the morphology of the coatings. The chit/EE100 coating with the highest homogeneity was obtained for Eudragit content of 0.25 g, at 10 V, and for 1 min. Young’s modulus of this sample (24.77 ± 5.50 GPa) was most comparable to that of human cortical bone. The introduction of Eudragit E 100 into chitosan coatings significantly reduced their degradation rate in artificial saliva at neutral pH while maintaining high sensitivity to pH changes. The chit/EE100 coatings showed a slightly lower corrosion resistance compared to the chitosan coating, however, significantly exceeding the substrate corrosion resistance. All prepared coatings were characterized by hydrophilicity.
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Abstract
Dental implants are frequently used to support fixed or removable dental prostheses to replace missing teeth. The clinical success of titanium dental implants is owed to the exceptional biocompatibility and osseointegration with the bone. Therefore, the enhanced therapeutic effectiveness of dental implants had always been preferred. Several concepts for implant coating and local drug delivery had been developed during the last decades. A drug is generally released by diffusion-controlled, solvent-controlled, and chemical controlled methods. Although a range of surface modifications and coatings (antimicrobial, bioactive, therapeutic drugs) have been explored for dental implants, it is still a long way from designing sophisticated therapeutic implant surfaces to achieve the specific needs of dental patients. The present article reviews various interdisciplinary aspects of surface coatings on dental implants from the perspectives of biomaterials, coatings, drug release, and related therapeutic effects. Additionally, the various types of implant coatings, localized drug release from coatings, and how released agents influence the bone–implant surface interface characteristics are discussed. This paper also highlights several strategies for local drug delivery and their limitations in dental implant coatings as some of these concepts are yet to be applied in clinical settings due to the specific requirements of individual patients.
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Capellato P, Silva G, Popat K, Simon‐Walker R, Alves Claro AP, Zavaglia C. Cell investigation into the biocompatibility of adult human dermal fibroblasts with PCL nanofibers/TiO
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nanotubes on the surface of Ti–30Ta alloy for biomedical applications. Artif Organs 2020; 44:877-882. [DOI: 10.1111/aor.13713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Capellato
- Faculty of Materials Engineering Unifei‐ Federal University of Itajubá Itajuba Brazil
| | - Gilbert Silva
- Faculty of Materials Engineering Unifei‐ Federal University of Itajubá Itajuba Brazil
| | - Ketul Popat
- Faculty of Materials Engineering Unifei‐ Federal University of Itajubá Itajuba Brazil
| | - Rachael Simon‐Walker
- Faculty of Materials Engineering Unifei‐ Federal University of Itajubá Itajuba Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Alves Claro
- Faculty of Materials Engineering Unifei‐ Federal University of Itajubá Itajuba Brazil
| | - Cecilia Zavaglia
- Faculty of Materials Engineering Unifei‐ Federal University of Itajubá Itajuba Brazil
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17
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You Y, KeqiQu, Huang Z, Ma R, Shi C, Li X, Liu D, Dong M, Guo Z. Sodium alginate templated hydroxyapatite/calcium silicate composite adsorbents for efficient dye removal from polluted water. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 141:1035-1043. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.09.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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18
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Oliver JAN, Su Y, Lu X, Kuo PH, Du J, Zhu D. Bioactive glass coatings on metallic implants for biomedical applications. Bioact Mater 2019; 4:261-270. [PMID: 31667443 PMCID: PMC6812334 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2019.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metallic implant materials possess adequate mechanical properties such as strength, elastic modulus, and ductility for long term support and stability in vivo. Traditional metallic biomaterials, including stainless steels, cobalt-chromium alloys, and titanium and its alloys, have been the gold standards for load-bearing implant materials in hard tissue applications in the past decades. Biodegradable metals including iron, magnesium, and zinc have also emerged as novel biodegradable implant materials with different in vivo degradation rates. However, they do not possess good bioactivity and other biological functions. Bioactive glasses have been widely used as coating materials on the metallic implants to improve their integration with the host tissue and overall biological performances. The present review provides a detailed overview of the benefits and issues of metal alloys when used as biomedical implants and how they are improved by bioactive glass-based coatings for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy-anne N. Oliver
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76203, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76203, USA
| | - Yingchao Su
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Xiaonan Lu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76203, USA
| | - Po-Hsuen Kuo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76203, USA
| | - Jincheng Du
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76203, USA
| | - Donghui Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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Skallevold HE, Rokaya D, Khurshid Z, Zafar MS. Bioactive Glass Applications in Dentistry. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5960. [PMID: 31783484 PMCID: PMC6928922 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20235960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
At present, researchers in the field of biomaterials are focusing on the oral hard and soft tissue engineering with bioactive ingredients by activating body immune cells or different proteins of the body. By doing this natural ground substance, tissue component and long-lasting tissues grow. One of the current biomaterials is known as bioactive glass (BAG). The bioactive properties make BAG applicable to several clinical applications involving the regeneration of hard tissues in medicine and dentistry. In dentistry, its uses include dental restorative materials, mineralizing agents, as a coating material for dental implants, pulp capping, root canal treatment, and air-abrasion, and in medicine it has its applications from orthopedics to soft-tissue restoration. This review aims to provide an overview of promising and current uses of bioactive glasses in dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dinesh Rokaya
- Informetrics Research Group, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 7000, Vietnam
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 7000, Vietnam
| | - Zohaib Khurshid
- Prosthodontic and Dental Implantology Department, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Al-Hofuf, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Muhammad Sohail Zafar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah, Al Munawwarah 41311, Saudi Arabia;
- Islamic International Dental College, Riphah International University Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
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20
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Pajor K, Pajchel L, Kolmas J. Hydroxyapatite and Fluorapatite in Conservative Dentistry and Oral Implantology-A Review. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12172683. [PMID: 31443429 PMCID: PMC6747619 DOI: 10.3390/ma12172683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Calcium phosphate, due to its similarity to the inorganic fraction of mineralized tissues, has played a key role in many areas of medicine, in particular, regenerative medicine and orthopedics. It has also found application in conservative dentistry and dental surgery, in particular, as components of toothpaste and mouth rinse, coatings of dental implants, cements, and bone substitute materials for the restoration of cavities in maxillofacial surgery. In dental applications, the most important role is played by hydroxyapatite and fluorapatite, i.e., calcium phosphates characterized by the highest chemical stability and very low solubility. This paper presents the role of both apatites in dentistry and a review of recent achievements in the field of the application of these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Pajor
- Analytical Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy with Laboratory Medicine Division, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lukasz Pajchel
- Analytical Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy with Laboratory Medicine Division, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Kolmas
- Analytical Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy with Laboratory Medicine Division, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland.
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21
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Hatton J, Davis GR, Mourad AHI, Cherupurakal N, Hill RG, Mohsin S. Fabrication of Porous Bone Scaffolds Using Alginate and Bioactive Glass. J Funct Biomater 2019; 10:jfb10010015. [PMID: 30836701 PMCID: PMC6462929 DOI: 10.3390/jfb10010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Porous composite scaffold using an alginate and bioactive glass ICIE16M was synthesized by a simple freeze-drying technique. The scaffold was characterized using compression testing, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray microtomography (XMT) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The bioactivity of the scaffold was evaluated by its ability to form apatite on its surface in simulated body fluid (SBF). The data collected showed evidence that the novel material produced had an appropriate pore size for osteoconduction, with an average pore size of 110 µm and maximum pore size of 309 µm. Statistical analysis confirmed that the glass filler significantly (P < 0.05) increased the collapse yield of the scaffolds compared with pure alginate scaffolds. The ICIE16M glass had an amorphous structure, favorable for bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Hatton
- Dental Physical Sciences Unit, Institute of Dentistry, Barts & The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK.
| | - Graham Roy Davis
- Dental Physical Sciences Unit, Institute of Dentistry, Barts & The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK.
| | - Abdel-Hamid I Mourad
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, UAEU Al Ain, 15551, UAE.
| | | | - Robert G Hill
- Dental Physical Sciences Unit, Institute of Dentistry, Barts & The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK.
| | - Sahar Mohsin
- Dental Physical Sciences Unit, Institute of Dentistry, Barts & The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK.
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, 17666, UAE.
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22
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Nagarajan S, Belaid H, Pochat-Bohatier C, Teyssier C, Iatsunskyi I, Coy E, Balme S, Cornu D, Miele P, Kalkura NS, Cavaillès V, Bechelany M. Design of Boron Nitride/Gelatin Electrospun Nanofibers for Bone Tissue Engineering. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:33695-33706. [PMID: 28891632 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b13199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Gelatin is a biodegradable biopolymer obtained by collagen denaturation, which shows poor mechanical properties. Hence, improving its mechanical properties is very essential toward the fabrication of efficient nontoxic material for biomedical applications. For this aim, various methods are employed using external fillers such as ceramics or bioglass. In this report, we introduce boron nitride (BN)-reinforced gelatin as a new class of two-dimensional biocompatible nanomaterials. The effect of the nanofiller on the mechanical behavior is analyzed. BN is efficiently exfoliated using the biopolymer gelatin as shown through Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The exfoliated BN reinforces gelatin electrospun fibers, which results in an increase in the Young's modulus. The Electrospun Mats (ESM) are stable after the glutaraldehyde cross-linking, and the fibrous morphology is preserved. The cross-linked gelatin/BN ESM is highly bioactive in forming bonelike hydroxyapatite as shown by scanning electron microscopy. Due to their enhanced mineralization ability, the cross-linked ESM have been tested on human bone cells (HOS osteosarcoma cell line). The cell attachment, proliferation, and biocompatibility results show that the ESM are nontoxic and biodegradable. The analysis of osteoblast gene expression and the measurement of alkaline phosphatase activity confirm that these materials are suitable for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakthivel Nagarajan
- Institut Européen des Membranes, UMR 5635, Université Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM , Place Eugene Bataillon, Montpellier Cedex 5 F-34095, France
- Crystal Growth Centre, Anna University , Chennai 600025, India
| | - Habib Belaid
- Institut Européen des Membranes, UMR 5635, Université Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM , Place Eugene Bataillon, Montpellier Cedex 5 F-34095, France
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université Montpellier , Montpellier F-34298, France
| | - Céline Pochat-Bohatier
- Institut Européen des Membranes, UMR 5635, Université Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM , Place Eugene Bataillon, Montpellier Cedex 5 F-34095, France
| | - Catherine Teyssier
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université Montpellier , Montpellier F-34298, France
| | - Igor Iatsunskyi
- NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University , 85 Umultowska Str., 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Emerson Coy
- NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University , 85 Umultowska Str., 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Sébastien Balme
- Institut Européen des Membranes, UMR 5635, Université Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM , Place Eugene Bataillon, Montpellier Cedex 5 F-34095, France
| | - David Cornu
- Institut Européen des Membranes, UMR 5635, Université Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM , Place Eugene Bataillon, Montpellier Cedex 5 F-34095, France
| | - Philippe Miele
- Institut Européen des Membranes, UMR 5635, Université Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM , Place Eugene Bataillon, Montpellier Cedex 5 F-34095, France
| | | | - Vincent Cavaillès
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université Montpellier , Montpellier F-34298, France
| | - Mikhael Bechelany
- Institut Européen des Membranes, UMR 5635, Université Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM , Place Eugene Bataillon, Montpellier Cedex 5 F-34095, France
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23
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Turner RJ, Renshaw JC, Hamilton A. Biogenic Hydroxyapatite: A New Material for the Preservation and Restoration of the Built Environment. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:31401-31410. [PMID: 28737897 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b07927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) is by weight the world's most produced man-made material and is used in a variety of applications in environments ranging from buildings, to nuclear wasteforms, and within the human body. In this paper, we present for the first time the direct deposition of biogenic hydroxyapatite onto the surface of OPC in a synergistic process which uses the composition of the cement substrate. This hydroxyapatite is very similar to that found in nature, having a similar crystallite size, iron and carbonate substitution, and a semi-crystalline structure. Hydroxyapatites with such a structure are known to be mechanically stronger and more biocompatible than synthetic or biomimetic hydroxyapatites. The formation of this biogenic hydroxyapatite coating therefore has significance in a range of contexts. In medicine, hydroxyapatite coatings are linked to improved biocompatibility of ceramic implant materials. In the built environment, hydroxyapatite coatings have been proposed for the consolidation and protection of sculptural materials such as marble and limestone, with biogenic hydroxyapatites having reduced solubility compared to synthetic apatites. Hydroxyapatites have also been established as effective for the adsorption and remediation of environmental contaminants such as radionuclides and heavy metals. We identify that in addition to providing a biofilm scaffold for nucleation, the metabolic activity of Pseudomonas fluorescens increases the pH of the growth medium to a suitable level for hydroxyapatite formation. The generated ammonia reacts with phosphate in the growth medium, producing ammonium phosphates which are a precursor to the formation of hydroxyapatite under conditions of ambient temperature and pressure. Subsequently, this biogenic deposition process takes place in a simple reaction system under mild chemical conditions and is cheap and easy to apply to fragile biological or architectural surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald J Turner
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Strathclyde , Glasgow, G1 1XQ, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna C Renshaw
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Strathclyde , Glasgow, G1 1XQ, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Hamilton
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Strathclyde , Glasgow, G1 1XQ, United Kingdom
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24
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Han S, Ning Z, Chen K, Zheng J. Preparation and tribological properties of Fe-hydroxyapatite bioceramics. BIOSURFACE AND BIOTRIBOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bsbt.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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25
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Profeta AC, Prucher GM. Bioactive-glass in periodontal surgery and implant dentistry. Dent Mater J 2017; 34:559-71. [PMID: 26438980 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2014-233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Bioactive-glass (B-G) is a material known for its favorable biological response when in contact with surrounding fibro-osseous tissues, due not only to an osteoconductive property, but also to an osteostimulatory capacity, and superior biocompatibility for use in human body. The objectives of this paper are to review recent studies on B-G in periodontal and implant therapy, describing its basic properties and mechanism of activity as well as discoursing about state of art and future perspective of utilization. From a demonstrated clinical benefit as bone graft for the elimination of osseous defects due to periodontal disease (intrabony/furcation defects) and surgeries (alveolar ridge preservation, maxillary sinus augmentation), to a potential use for manufacturing bioactive dental implants, possibly allowing wider case selection criteria together with improved integration rates even in the more challenging osteoporotic and medically compromised patients, this biomaterial represents an important field of study with high academic, clinical and industrial importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Corrado Profeta
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Biomaterials Science, Biomimetics and Biophotonics (B3) Research Group, King's College London Dental Institute
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26
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Gong W, Dong Y, Wang S, Gao X, Chen X. A novel nano-sized bioactive glass stimulates osteogenesis via the MAPK pathway. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra26713k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of novel nano-sized 58S BG on osteogenic gene activation via the MAPK pathway are better than those of traditional 45S5 BG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyu Gong
- Department of Cariology and Endodontology
- Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology
- Beijing 100081
- China
| | - Yanmei Dong
- Department of Cariology and Endodontology
- Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology
- Beijing 100081
- China
| | - Sainan Wang
- Department of Cariology and Endodontology
- Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology
- Beijing 100081
- China
| | - Xuejun Gao
- Department of Cariology and Endodontology
- Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology
- Beijing 100081
- China
| | - Xiaofeng Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Human Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- China
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27
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Voicu G, Miu D, Dogaru I, Jinga SI, Busuioc C. Vitroceramic interface deposited on titanium substrate by pulsed laser deposition method. Int J Pharm 2016; 510:449-56. [PMID: 26546909 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.10.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Pulsed laser deposition (PLD) method was used to obtain biovitroceramic thin film coatings on titanium substrates. The composition of the targets was selected from SiO2-CaO-P2O5-(CaF2) systems and the corresponding masses were prepared using the sol-gel method. The depositions were performed in oxygen atmosphere (100mTorr), while the substrates were heated at 400°C. The PLD deposited films were analysed through different experimental techniques: X-ray diffraction, scanning (SEM, EDX) and transmission (HRTEM, SAED) electron microscopy and infra-red spectroscopy coupled with optical microscopy. They were also biologically tested by in vitro cell culture and the contact angle was determined. The bioevaluation results indicate a high biocompatibilty of the obtained materials, demonstrating their potential use for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgeta Voicu
- University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, RO-011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dana Miu
- National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, RO-077125 Magurele, Romania
| | - Ionut Dogaru
- University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, RO-011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sorin Ion Jinga
- University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, RO-011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristina Busuioc
- University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, RO-011061 Bucharest, Romania.
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28
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Pozhitkov AE, Daubert D, Brochwicz Donimirski A, Goodgion D, Vagin MY, Leroux BG, Hunter CM, Flemmig TF, Noble PA, Bryers JD. Interruption of Electrical Conductivity of Titanium Dental Implants Suggests a Path Towards Elimination Of Corrosion. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140393. [PMID: 26461491 PMCID: PMC4604158 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Peri-implantitis is an inflammatory disease that results in the destruction of soft tissue and bone around the implant. Titanium implant corrosion has been attributed to the implant failure and cytotoxic effects to the alveolar bone. We have documented the extent of titanium release into surrounding plaque in patients with and without peri-implantitis. An in vitro model was designed to represent the actual environment of an implant in a patient’s mouth. The model uses actual oral microbiota from a volunteer, allows monitoring electrochemical processes generated by biofilms growing on implants and permits control of biocorrosion electrical current. As determined by next generation DNA sequencing, microbial compositions in experiments with the in vitro model were comparable with the compositions found in patients with implants. It was determined that the electrical conductivity of titanium implants was the key factor responsible for the biocorrosion process. The interruption of the biocorrosion current resulted in a 4–5 fold reduction of corrosion. We propose a new design of dental implant that combines titanium in zero oxidation state for osseointegration and strength, interlaid with a nonconductive ceramic. In addition, we propose electrotherapy for manipulation of microbial biofilms and to induce bone healing in peri-implantitis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex E. Pozhitkov
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of Washington, Box 357444, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Diane Daubert
- Department of Periodontics, University of Washington, Box 357444, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Ashley Brochwicz Donimirski
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of Washington, Box 357444, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Douglas Goodgion
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of Washington, Box 357444, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Mikhail Y. Vagin
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM) Linköping University, SE-581 83, LINKÖPING, Sweden
| | - Brian G. Leroux
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of Washington, Box 357444, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Colby M. Hunter
- PhD Program in Microbiology, Alabama State University, Montgomery, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Thomas F. Flemmig
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, 34 Hospital Road, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong SAR, Peoples’ Republic of China
| | - Peter A. Noble
- PhD Program in Microbiology, Alabama State University, Montgomery, Alabama, United States of America
| | - James D. Bryers
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 3720 15th Avenue NE, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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29
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Jones JR. Reprint of: Review of bioactive glass: From Hench to hybrids. Acta Biomater 2015; 23 Suppl:S53-82. [PMID: 26235346 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2012] [Revised: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bioactive glasses are reported to be able to stimulate more bone regeneration than other bioactive ceramics but they lag behind other bioactive ceramics in terms of commercial success. Bioactive glass has not yet reached its potential but research activity is growing. This paper reviews the current state of the art, starting with current products and moving onto recent developments. Larry Hench's 45S5 Bioglass® was the first artificial material that was found to form a chemical bond with bone, launching the field of bioactive ceramics. In vivo studies have shown that bioactive glasses bond with bone more rapidly than other bioceramics, and in vitro studies indicate that their osteogenic properties are due to their dissolution products stimulating osteoprogenitor cells at the genetic level. However, calcium phosphates such as tricalcium phosphate and synthetic hydroxyapatite are more widely used in the clinic. Some of the reasons are commercial, but others are due to the scientific limitations of the original Bioglass 45S5. An example is that it is difficult to produce porous bioactive glass templates (scaffolds) for bone regeneration from Bioglass 45S5 because it crystallizes during sintering. Recently, this has been overcome by understanding how the glass composition can be tailored to prevent crystallization. The sintering problems can also be avoided by synthesizing sol-gel glass, where the silica network is assembled at room temperature. Process developments in foaming, solid freeform fabrication and nanofibre spinning have now allowed the production of porous bioactive glass scaffolds from both melt- and sol-gel-derived glasses. An ideal scaffold for bone regeneration would share load with bone. Bioceramics cannot do this when the bone defect is subjected to cyclic loads, as they are brittle. To overcome this, bioactive glass polymer hybrids are being synthesized that have the potential to be tough, with congruent degradation of the bioactive inorganic and the polymer components. Key to this is creating nanoscale interpenetrating networks, the organic and inorganic components of which have covalent coupling between them, which involves careful control of the chemistry of the sol-gel process. Bioactive nanoparticles can also now be synthesized and their fate tracked as they are internalized in cells. This paper reviews the main developments in the field of bioactive glass and its variants, covering the importance of control of hierarchical structure, synthesis, processing and cellular response in the quest for new regenerative synthetic bone grafts. The paper takes the reader from Hench's Bioglass 45S5 to new hybrid materials that have tailorable mechanical properties and degradation rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian R Jones
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
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Farooq I, Moheet IA, AlShwaimi E. In vitro dentin tubule occlusion and remineralization competence of various toothpastes. Arch Oral Biol 2015; 60:1246-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2015.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 05/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Popa AC, Stan GE, Enculescu M, Tanase C, Tulyaganov DU, Ferreira JMF. Superior biofunctionality of dental implant fixtures uniformly coated with durable bioglass films by magnetron sputtering. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2015; 51:313-27. [PMID: 26282074 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2015.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 07/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bioactive glasses are currently considered the suitable candidates to stir the quest for a new generation of osseous implants with superior biological/functional performance. In congruence with this vision, this contribution aims to introduce a reliable technological recipe for coating fairly complex 3D-shaped implants (e.g. dental screws) with uniform and mechanical resistant bioactive glass films by the radio-frequency magnetron sputtering method. The mechanical reliability of the bioactive glass films applied to real Ti dental implant fixtures has been evaluated by a procedure comprised of "cold" implantation in pig mandibular bone from a dead animal, followed by immediate tension-free extraction tests. The effects of the complex mechanical strains occurring during implantation were analysed by scanning electron microscopy coupled with electron dispersive spectroscopy. Extensive biocompatibility assays (MTS, immunofluorescence, Western blot) revealed that the bioactive glass films stimulated strong cellular adhesion and proliferation of human dental pulp stem cells, without promoting their differentiation. The ability of the implant coatings to conserve a healthy stem cell pool is promising to further endorse the fabrication of new osseointegration implant designs with extended lifetime.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Popa
- Army Centre for Medical Research, Bucharest 020012, Romania
| | - G E Stan
- National Institute of Materials Physics, Magurele-Ilfov 077125, Romania.
| | - M Enculescu
- National Institute of Materials Physics, Magurele-Ilfov 077125, Romania
| | - C Tanase
- "Victor Babes" National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest 050096, Romania
| | - D U Tulyaganov
- Turin Polytechnic University in Tashkent, Tashkent 100174, Uzbekistan
| | - J M F Ferreira
- Department of Materials and Ceramics Engineering, CICECO, University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal.
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Calcium orthophosphate deposits: Preparation, properties and biomedical applications. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2015; 55:272-326. [PMID: 26117762 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 03/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Since various interactions among cells, surrounding tissues and implanted biomaterials always occur at their interfaces, the surface properties of potential implants appear to be of paramount importance for the clinical success. In view of the fact that a limited amount of materials appear to be tolerated by living organisms, a special discipline called surface engineering was developed to initiate the desirable changes to the exterior properties of various materials but still maintaining their useful bulk performances. In 1975, this approach resulted in the introduction of a special class of artificial bone grafts, composed of various mechanically stable (consequently, suitable for load bearing applications) implantable biomaterials and/or bio-devices covered by calcium orthophosphates (CaPO4) to both improve biocompatibility and provide an adequate bonding to the adjacent bones. Over 5000 publications on this topic were published since then. Therefore, a thorough analysis of the available literature has been performed and about 50 (this number is doubled, if all possible modifications are counted) deposition techniques of CaPO4 have been revealed, systematized and described. These CaPO4 deposits (coatings, films and layers) used to improve the surface properties of various types of artificial implants are the topic of this review.
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Besinis A, De Peralta T, Tredwin CJ, Handy RD. Review of nanomaterials in dentistry: interactions with the oral microenvironment, clinical applications, hazards, and benefits. ACS NANO 2015; 9:2255-2289. [PMID: 25625290 DOI: 10.1021/nn505015e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Interest in the use of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) as either nanomedicines or dental materials/devices in clinical dentistry is growing. This review aims to detail the ultrafine structure, chemical composition, and reactivity of dental tissues in the context of interactions with ENMs, including the saliva, pellicle layer, and oral biofilm; then describes the applications of ENMs in dentistry in context with beneficial clinical outcomes versus potential risks. The flow rate and quality of saliva are likely to influence the behavior of ENMs in the oral cavity, but how the protein corona formed on the ENMs will alter bioavailability, or interact with the structure and proteins of the pellicle layer, as well as microbes in the biofilm, remains unclear. The tooth enamel is a dense crystalline structure that is likely to act as a barrier to ENM penetration, but underlying dentinal tubules are not. Consequently, ENMs may be used to strengthen dentine or regenerate pulp tissue. ENMs have dental applications as antibacterials for infection control, as nanofillers to improve the mechanical and bioactive properties of restoration materials, and as novel coatings on dental implants. Dentifrices and some related personal care products are already available for oral health applications. Overall, the clinical benefits generally outweigh the hazards of using ENMs in the oral cavity, and the latter should not prevent the responsible innovation of nanotechnology in dentistry. However, the clinical safety regulations for dental materials have not been specifically updated for ENMs, and some guidance on occupational health for practitioners is also needed. Knowledge gaps for future research include the formation of protein corona in the oral cavity, ENM diffusion through clinically relevant biofilms, and mechanistic investigations on how ENMs strengthen the tooth structure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tracy De Peralta
- ‡Plymouth University Peninsula Dental School, University of Plymouth, John Bull Building, Tamar Science Park, Plymouth PL6 8BU, U.K
| | - Christopher J Tredwin
- ‡Plymouth University Peninsula Dental School, University of Plymouth, John Bull Building, Tamar Science Park, Plymouth PL6 8BU, U.K
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Clark D, Wang X, Chang S, Czajka-Jakubowska A, Clarkson BH, Liu J. VEGF promotes osteogenic differentiation of ASCs on ordered fluorapatite surfaces. J Biomed Mater Res A 2015; 103:639-45. [PMID: 24797761 PMCID: PMC4221573 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been reported to mediate both osteogenesis and angiogenesis in bone regeneration. We previously found an upregulation of VEGF in adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) when obvious mineralization occurred on a novel fluorapatite (FA)-coated surfaces. This study investigated the effect of FA and VEGF on the growth, differentiation and mineralization of (ASC) grown on ordered FA surfaces. Cells grown on FA and treated with VEGF demonstrated osteogenic differentiation as measured with ALP staining, and obvious mineralization as measured by Alizarin red staining. A combined stimulating effect of FA and VEGF was seen using both indicators. VEGF signaling pathway perturbation using a specific VEGF receptor inhibitor showed the lowest levels of ALP and Alizarin red staining, which was partially rescued when the cells were grown on FA and/or treated with the addition of VEGF. The osteogenic differentiation of ASCs stimulated by these FA surfaces as well as VEGF has been shown to be mediated through, but probably not only, the VEGF signaling pathway. The enhancement of osteogenic differentiation and mineralization supports the potential use of therapeutic VEGF and FA coatings in bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Clark
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, Dental School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109
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Abstract
Since Brånemark discovered the favorable effects of titanium in bone healing in 1965, titanium has emerged as the gold standard bulk material for present-time dental implantology. In the course of years researchers aimed for improvement of the implants performance in bone even at compromised implant sites and multiple factors were investigated influencing osseointegration. This review summarizes and clarifies the four factors that are currently recognized being relevant to influence the tissue-implant contact ratio: bulk materials and coatings, topography, surface energy, and biofunctionalization. The macrodesigns of bulk materials (e.g., titanium, zirconium, stainless steel, tantalum, and magnesium) provide the mechanical stability and their influence on bone cells can be additionally improved by surface treatment with various materials (calcium phosphates, strontium, bioglasses, diamond-like carbon, and diamond). Surface topography can be modified via different techniques to increase the bone-implant contact, for example, plasma-spraying, grit-blasting, acid-etching, and microarc oxidation. Surface energy (e.g., wettability and polarity) showed a strong effect on cell behavior and cell adhesion. Functionalization with bioactive molecules (via physisorption, covalent binding, or carrier systems) targets enhanced osseointegration. Despite the satisfying clinical results of presently used dental implant materials, further research on innovative implant surfaces is inevitable to pursuit perfection in soft and hard tissue performance.
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Preedy E, Perni S, Nipiĉ D, Bohinc K, Prokopovich P. Surface roughness mediated adhesion forces between borosilicate glass and gram-positive bacteria. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:9466-76. [PMID: 25019516 DOI: 10.1021/la501711t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
It is well-known that a number of surface characteristics affect the extent of adhesion between two adjacent materials. One of such parameters is the surface roughness as surface asperities at the nanoscale level govern the overall adhesive forces. For example, the extent of bacterial adhesion is determined by the surface topography; also, once a bacteria colonizes a surface, proliferation of that species will take place and a biofilm may form, increasing the resistance of bacterial cells to removal. In this study, borosilicate glass was employed with varying surface roughness and coated with bovine serum albumin (BSA) in order to replicate the protein layer that covers orthopedic devices on implantation. As roughness is a scale-dependent process, relevant scan areas were analyzed using atomic force microscope (AFM) to determine Ra; furthermore, appropriate bacterial species were attached to the tip to measure the adhesion forces between cells and substrates. The bacterial species chosen (Staphylococci and Streptococci) are common pathogens associated with a number of implant related infections that are detrimental to the biomedical devices and patients. Correlation between adhesion forces and surface roughness (Ra) was generally better when the surface roughness was measured through scanned areas with size (2 × 2 μm) comparable to bacteria cells. Furthermore, the BSA coating altered the surface roughness without correlation with the initial values of such parameter; therefore, better correlations were found between adhesion forces and BSA-coated surfaces when actual surface roughness was used instead of the initial (nominal) values. It was also found that BSA induced a more hydrophilic and electron donor characteristic to the surfaces; in agreement with increasing adhesion forces of hydrophilic bacteria (as determined through microbial adhesion to solvents test) on BSA-coated substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Preedy
- Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science and ‡Cardiff School of Engineering, Cardiff University , Cardiff CF10 3XQ, UK
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Production of hydroxyapatite layers on the plasma electrolytically oxidized surface of titanium alloys. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2014; 43:527-32. [PMID: 25175246 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 06/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxyapatite (HA) is a bioactive material that is widely used for improving the osseointegration of titanium dental implants. Titanium can be coated with HA by various methods, such as chemical vapor deposition (CVD), thermal spray, or plasma spray. HA coatings can also be grown on titanium surfaces by hydrothermal, chemical, and electrochemical methods. Plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO), or microarc oxidation (MAO), is an electrochemical method that enables the production of a thick porous oxide layer on the surface of a titanium implant. If the electrolyte in which PEO is performed contains calcium and phosphate ions, the oxide layer produced may contain hydroxyapatite. The HA content can then be increased by subsequent hydrothermal treatment. The HA thus produced on titanium surfaces has attractive properties, such as a high porosity, a controllable thickness, and a considerable density, which favor its use in dental and bone surgery. This review summarizes the state of the art and possible further development of PEO for the production of HA on Ti implants.
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Comparison of the osteogenic potential of titanium- and modified zirconia-based bioceramics. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:4442-52. [PMID: 24633198 PMCID: PMC3975406 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15034442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Zirconia is now favored over titanium for use in dental implant materials because of its superior aesthetic qualities. However, zirconia is susceptible to degradation at lower temperatures. In order to address this issue, we have developed modified zirconia implants that contain tantalum oxide or niobium oxide. Cells attached as efficiently to the zirconia implants as to titanium-based materials, irrespective of surface roughness. Cell proliferation on the polished surface was higher than that on the rough surfaces, but the converse was true for the osteogenic response. Cells on yttrium oxide (Y2O3)/tantalum oxide (Ta2O5)- and yttrium oxide (Y2O3)/niobium oxide (Nb2O5)-containing tetragonal zirconia polycrystals (TZP) discs ((Y, Ta)-TZP and (Y, Nb)-TZP, respectively) had a similar proliferative potential as those grown on anodized titanium. The osteogenic potential of MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblast cells on (Y, Ta)-TZP and (Y, Nb)-TZP was similar to that of cells grown on rough-surface titanium. These data demonstrate that improved zirconia implants, which are resistant to temperature-induced degradation, retain the desirable clinical properties of structural stability and support of an osteogenic response.
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Surmenev RA, Surmeneva MA, Ivanova AA. Significance of calcium phosphate coatings for the enhancement of new bone osteogenesis--a review. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:557-79. [PMID: 24211734 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 317] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A systematic analysis of results available from in vitro, in vivo and clinical trials on the effects of biocompatible calcium phosphate (CaP) coatings is presented. An overview of the most frequently used methods to prepare CaP-based coatings was conducted. Dense, homogeneous, highly adherent and biocompatible CaP or hybrid organic/inorganic CaP coatings with tailored properties can be deposited. It has been demonstrated that CaP coatings have a significant effect on the bone regeneration process. In vitro experiments using different cells (e.g. SaOS-2, human mesenchymal stem cells and osteoblast-like cells) have revealed that CaP coatings enhance cellular adhesion, proliferation and differentiation to promote bone regeneration. However, in vivo, the exact mechanism of osteogenesis in response to CaP coatings is unclear; indeed, there are conflicting reports of the effectiveness of CaP coatings, with results ranging from highly effective to no significant or even negative effects. This review therefore highlights progress in CaP coatings for orthopaedic implants and discusses the future research and use of these devices. Currently, an exciting area of research is in bioactive hybrid composite CaP-based coatings containing both inorganic (CaP coating) and organic (collagen, bone morphogenetic proteins, arginylglycylaspartic acid etc.) components with the aim of promoting tissue ingrowth and vascularization. Further investigations are necessary to reveal the relative influences of implant design, surgical procedure, and coating characteristics (thickness, structure, topography, porosity, wettability etc.) on the long-term clinical effects of hybrid CaP coatings. In addition to commercially available plasma spraying, other effective routes for the fabrication of hybrid CaP coatings for clinical use still need to be determined and current progress is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman A Surmenev
- Department of Theoretical and Experimental Physics, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Maria A Surmeneva
- Department of Theoretical and Experimental Physics, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Anna A Ivanova
- Department of Theoretical and Experimental Physics, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
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Gong W, Huang Z, Dong Y, Gan Y, Li S, Gao X, Chen X. Ionic extraction of a novel nano-sized bioactive glass enhances differentiation and mineralization of human dental pulp cells. J Endod 2013; 40:83-8. [PMID: 24331996 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2013.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Revised: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to investigate the effects of a novel nano-sized 58S bioactive glass (nano-58S BG) on the odontogenic differentiation and mineralization of human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) in vitro. METHODS Extractions were prepared by incubating nano-58S BG, 45S5 BG, or 58S BG particulates in Dulbecco modified Eagle medium at 1% w/v for 24 hours and were filtrated through 0.22-μm filters. The supernatants were used as BG extractions. The hDPCs were cultured in nano-58S BG, 45S5 BG, and 58S BG extractions. The proliferation of hDPCs was evaluated using the methylthiazol tetrazolium assay. Odontogenic differentiation was evaluated based on the real-time polymerase chain reaction of differentiation- and mineralization-related genes, namely, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), collagen type I, dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), and dentin matrix protein 1. The gene expressions were verified using ALP activity assessment, immunocytochemistry staining of osteocalcin and DSPP, and mineralization assay using alizarin red S stain. RESULTS All BG extractions up-regulated the expression of odontogenic genes, and the most significant enhancement was in the nano-58S BG group. All BG extractions, especially nano-58S, increased ALP activity, osteocalcin and DSPP protein production, and mineralized nodules formation. CONCLUSIONS Compared with regular BG, the novel nano-58S BG can induce the differentiation and mineralization of hDPCs more efficiently and might be a better potential candidate for dentin-pulp complex regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyu Gong
- Department of Cariology and Endodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiwei Huang
- Department of Cariology and Endodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Yanmei Dong
- Department of Cariology and Endodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.
| | - Yehua Gan
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Shenglin Li
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Xuejun Gao
- Department of Cariology and Endodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofeng Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Human Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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Mick E, Markhoff J, Mitrovic A, Jonitz A, Bader R. New Coating Technique of Ceramic Implants with Different Glass Solder Matrices for Improved Osseointegration-Mechanical Investigations. MATERIALS 2013; 6:4001-4010. [PMID: 28788314 PMCID: PMC5452662 DOI: 10.3390/ma6094001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Revised: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ceramics are a very popular material in dental implant technology due to their tribological properties, their biocompatibility and their esthetic appearance. However, their natural surface structure lacks the ability of proper osseointegration, which constitutes a crucial process for the stability and, thus, the functionality of a bone implant. We investigated the application of a glass solder matrix in three configurations—consisting mainly of SiO2, Al2O3, K2O and Na2O to TZP-A ceramic specimens. The corresponding adhesive strength and surface roughness of the coatings on ceramic specimens have been analyzed. Thereby, high adhesive strength (70.3 ± 7.9 MPa) was found for the three different coatings. The obtained roughness (Rz) amounted to 18.24 ± 2.48 µm in average, with significant differences between the glass solder configurations. Furthermore, one configuration was also tested after additional etching which did not lead to significant increase of surface roughness (19.37 ± 1.04 µm) or adhesive strength (57.2 ± 5.8 MPa). In conclusion, coating with glass solder matrix seems to be a promising surface modification technique that may enable direct insertion of ceramic implants in dental and orthopaedic surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Mick
- Department of Orthopaedics, Research Lab for Biomechanics and Implant Technology, University Medicine Rostock, Doberaner Strasse 142, Rostock 18057, Germany.
| | - Jana Markhoff
- Department of Orthopaedics, Research Lab for Biomechanics and Implant Technology, University Medicine Rostock, Doberaner Strasse 142, Rostock 18057, Germany.
| | - Aurica Mitrovic
- ZM Praezisionsdentaltechnik GmbH, Breite Strasse 16, Rostock 18055, Germany.
| | - Anika Jonitz
- Department of Orthopaedics, Research Lab for Biomechanics and Implant Technology, University Medicine Rostock, Doberaner Strasse 142, Rostock 18057, Germany.
| | - Rainer Bader
- Department of Orthopaedics, Research Lab for Biomechanics and Implant Technology, University Medicine Rostock, Doberaner Strasse 142, Rostock 18057, Germany.
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Jones JR. Review of bioactive glass: from Hench to hybrids. Acta Biomater 2013; 9:4457-86. [PMID: 22922331 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2012.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 966] [Impact Index Per Article: 87.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2012] [Revised: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Bioactive glasses are reported to be able to stimulate more bone regeneration than other bioactive ceramics but they lag behind other bioactive ceramics in terms of commercial success. Bioactive glass has not yet reached its potential but research activity is growing. This paper reviews the current state of the art, starting with current products and moving onto recent developments. Larry Hench's 45S5 Bioglass® was the first artificial material that was found to form a chemical bond with bone, launching the field of bioactive ceramics. In vivo studies have shown that bioactive glasses bond with bone more rapidly than other bioceramics, and in vitro studies indicate that their osteogenic properties are due to their dissolution products stimulating osteoprogenitor cells at the genetic level. However, calcium phosphates such as tricalcium phosphate and synthetic hydroxyapatite are more widely used in the clinic. Some of the reasons are commercial, but others are due to the scientific limitations of the original Bioglass 45S5. An example is that it is difficult to produce porous bioactive glass templates (scaffolds) for bone regeneration from Bioglass 45S5 because it crystallizes during sintering. Recently, this has been overcome by understanding how the glass composition can be tailored to prevent crystallization. The sintering problems can also be avoided by synthesizing sol-gel glass, where the silica network is assembled at room temperature. Process developments in foaming, solid freeform fabrication and nanofibre spinning have now allowed the production of porous bioactive glass scaffolds from both melt- and sol-gel-derived glasses. An ideal scaffold for bone regeneration would share load with bone. Bioceramics cannot do this when the bone defect is subjected to cyclic loads, as they are brittle. To overcome this, bioactive glass polymer hybrids are being synthesized that have the potential to be tough, with congruent degradation of the bioactive inorganic and the polymer components. Key to this is creating nanoscale interpenetrating networks, the organic and inorganic components of which have covalent coupling between them, which involves careful control of the chemistry of the sol-gel process. Bioactive nanoparticles can also now be synthesized and their fate tracked as they are internalized in cells. This paper reviews the main developments in the field of bioactive glass and its variants, covering the importance of control of hierarchical structure, synthesis, processing and cellular response in the quest for new regenerative synthetic bone grafts. The paper takes the reader from Hench's Bioglass 45S5 to new hybrid materials that have tailorable mechanical properties and degradation rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian R Jones
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, UK.
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43
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Dorozhkin SV. Calcium orthophosphate coatings, films and layers. Prog Biomater 2012; 1:1. [PMID: 29470670 PMCID: PMC5120666 DOI: 10.1186/2194-0517-1-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2012] [Accepted: 06/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In surgical disciplines, where bones have to be repaired, augmented or improved, bone substitutes are essential. Therefore, an interest has dramatically increased in application of synthetic bone grafts. As various interactions among cells, surrounding tissues and implanted biomaterials always occur at the interfaces, the surface properties of the implants are of the paramount importance in determining both the biological response to implants and the material response to the physiological conditions. Hence, a surface engineering is aimed to modify both the biomaterials, themselves, and biological responses through introducing desirable changes to the surface properties of the implants but still maintaining their bulk mechanical properties. To fulfill these requirements, a special class of artificial bone grafts has been introduced in 1976. It is composed of various mechanically stable (therefore, suitable for load bearing applications) biomaterials and/or bio-devices with calcium orthophosphate coatings, films and layers on their surfaces to both improve interactions with the surrounding tissues and provide an adequate bonding to bones. Many production techniques of calcium orthophosphate coatings, films and layers have been already invented and new promising techniques are continuously investigated. These specialized coatings, films and layers used to improve the surface properties of various types of artificial implants are the topic of this review.
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Dinarvand P, Seyedjafari E, Shafiee A, Jandaghi AB, Doostmohammadi A, Fathi MH, Farhadian S, Soleimani M. New approach to bone tissue engineering: simultaneous application of hydroxyapatite and bioactive glass coated on a poly(L-lactic acid) scaffold. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2011; 3:4518-24. [PMID: 21999213 DOI: 10.1021/am201212u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A combination of bioceramics and polymeric nanofibers holds promising potential for bone tissue engineering applications. In the present study, hydroxyapatite (HA), bioactive glass (BG), and tricalcium phosphate (TCP) particles were coated on the surface of electrospun poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) nanofibers, and the capacity of the PLLA, BG-PLLA, HA-PLLA, HA-BG-PLLA, and TCP-PLLA scaffolds for bone regeneration was investigated in rat critical-size defects using digital mammography, multislice spiral-computed tomography (MSCT) imaging, and histological analysis. Electrospun scaffolds exhibited a nanofibrous structure with a homogeneous distribution of bioceramics along the surface of PLLA nanofibers. A total of 8 weeks after implantation, no sign of complication or inflammation was observed at the site of the calvarial bone defect. On the basis of imaging analysis, a higher level of bone reconstruction was observed in the animals receiving HA-, BG-, and TCP-coated scaffolds compared to an untreated control group. In addition, simultaneous coating of HA and BG induced the highest regeneration among all groups. Histological staining confirmed these findings and also showed an efficient osseointegration in HA-BG-coated nanofibers. On the whole, it was demonstrated that nanofibrous structures could serve as an appropriate support to guide the healing process, and coating their surface with bioceramics enhanced bone reconstruction. These bioceramic-coated scaffolds can be used as new bone-graft substitutes capable of efficiently inducing osteoconduction and osseointegration in orthopedic fractures and defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peyman Dinarvand
- Stem Cell Biology Department, Stem Cell Technology Research Center, Tehran, Iran
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45
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Calori GM, Mazza E, Colombo M, Ripamonti C. The use of bone-graft substitutes in large bone defects: any specific needs? Injury 2011; 42 Suppl 2:S56-63. [PMID: 21752369 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2011.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 297] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The gold standard for restoring bone defects is still considered to be autologous bone grafting. However, clinical benefits are not guaranteed and donor-site complications and morbidity is not infrequent. Research is on-going for the development of alternative bone substitutes of both biological and synthetic origin. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the type of materials used and their efficacy for the treatment of large bone defects in traumatology and orthopaedic surgery. MATERIALS AND METHOD A literature review was carried out of Embase and PubMed databases. Inclusion criteria were articles in English language focusing on the use of bone substitutes in trauma and orthopaedic surgery for the treatment of bone defects and included details on the structural, biological or biomechanical properties of the pure product. Furthermore, based on two clinical challenges, fracture non-union and impaction grafting we elaborated on the use of polytherapy for large bone defects as guided by the diamond concept. RESULTS All the products indicated in this manuscript possess osteoconductive activities but have different resorption times and biomechanical properties. Bone graft substitute materials are used for a wide range of clinical applications even when the level of clinical evidence is low. The size and location of the defect and the local biological and mechanical environment as well as the biomechanical characteristics of the material determine the type of device that can be implanted in a bone defect. CONCLUSION Proper assessment of the biological and mechanical environment and accurate patient selection are necessary to judge the extent of therapy the injury warrants. A sound understanding of various aspects of biomaterial properties and their relation and influence towards bone healing is of utmost importance. We suggest the application of polytherapy for the treatment of large bone defects and advocate the use of the diamond concept as a guideline.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Calori
- COR, Orthopaedic Institute, G Pini, University of Milan, Italy.
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