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Zhang N, Wang J, Pu T, Li C, Song Y. Two new species of Erythroneurini (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Typhlocybinae) from southern China based on morphology and complete mitogenomes. PeerJ 2024; 12:e16853. [PMID: 38344292 PMCID: PMC10859084 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Erythroneurine leafhoppers (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Typhlocybinae, Erythroneurini) are utilized to resolve the relationship between the four erythroneurine leafhopper (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Typhlocybinae, Erythroneurini): Arboridia (Arboridia) rongchangensis sp. nov., Thaia (Thaia) jiulongensis sp. nov., Mitjaevia bifurcata Luo, Song & Song, 2021 and Mitjaevia diana Luo, Song & Song, 2021, the two new species are described and illustrated. The mitochondrial gene sequences of these four species were determined to update the mitochondrial genome database of Erythroneurini. The mitochondrial genomes of four species shared high parallelism in nucleotide composition, base composition and gene order, comprising 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNAs (tRNAs), two ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) and an AT control region, which was consistent with majority of species in Cicadellidae; all genes revealed common trait of a positive AT skew and negative GC skew. The mitogenomes of four species were ultra-conservative in structure, and which isanalogous to that of others in size and A + T content. Phylogenetic trees based on the mitogenome data of these species and another 24 species were built employing the maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference methods. The results indicated that the four species belong to the tribe Erythroneurini, M. diana is the sister-group relationship of M. protuberanta + M. bifurcata. The two species Arboridia (Arboridia) rongchangensis sp. nov. and Thaia (Thaia) jiulongensis sp. nov. also have a relatively close genetic relationship with the genus Mitjaevia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Zhang
- School of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
- State Engineering Technology Institute for Karst Desertification Control, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jinqiu Wang
- School of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
- State Engineering Technology Institute for Karst Desertification Control, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Tianyi Pu
- School of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
- State Engineering Technology Institute for Karst Desertification Control, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Can Li
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Rare Animal and Economic Insect of the Mountainous Region/Guizhou Provincial Engineering Research Center for Biological Resources Protection and Efficient Utilization of the Mountainous Region, Guiyang University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yuehua Song
- School of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
- State Engineering Technology Institute for Karst Desertification Control, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
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Gigena GV, Rodríguez CS, Fiad FG, Hernández ML, Carbajal-de-la-Fuente AL, Piccinali RV, Sánchez Casaccia P, Rojas de Arias A, Lobbia P, Abrahan L, Bustamante Gomez M, Espinoza J, Cano F, Nattero J. Phenotypic variability in traits related to flight dispersal in the wing dimorphic species Triatoma guasayana. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:8. [PMID: 36624528 PMCID: PMC9830765 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05570-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triatoma guasayana is considered an emerging vector of Chagas disease in the Southern Cone of South America. The presence of a triatomine population with brachypterous individuals, in which both wings are reduced, has recently been reported for this species. The aim of the present study was to determine if flight-related traits varied across populations, if these traits could explain differences in flight capacity across populations and if flight-related traits are associated with geographic and/or climatic variation. METHODS The study involved 66 male T. guasayana specimens from 10 triatomine populations. Digital images of wing, head and pronotum were used to estimate linear and geometric morphometric variables. Variations in size and shape were analysed using one-way analysis of variance and canonical variate analysis (CVA), respectively. Mantel tests were applied to analyse the relationship between morphometric and geographic distances, and the association between size measurements was analysed using Pearson's correlation. We explored covariation between size and shape variables using partial least square analyses (PLS). The association of geographic and climatic variables with size measurements was tested using linear regression analyses. We performed PLS analyses for shape measurements. RESULTS Wing size differed significantly across triatomine populations. The CVA showed that wing shape of the brachypterous population is well discriminated from that of the other populations. The Mantel test showed a positive and significant association between wing shape and geographic distances. The heads of the brachypterous population were significantly larger than those of the other populations. Similar to wing shape, the head shape of the brachypterous population was well discriminated from those of the other populations. Pronotum width did not show significant differences across populations. Geographic and climatic factors were associated with size and shape of both the wing and head, but not with pronotum width. CONCLUSIONS Most of the traits related to flight dispersal varied across populations. Wing shape and head shape were found to be better markers for differentiated morphological variation across populations. Head measurements also varied in accordance with this condition. Geographic and climatic variables were associated with most of the flight-related traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisel V. Gigena
- grid.423606.50000 0001 1945 2152Cátedras de Morfología Animal y de Introducción a la Biología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIByT), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)/Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. Vélez Sársfield 299, X5000JJC Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Claudia S. Rodríguez
- grid.423606.50000 0001 1945 2152Cátedras de Morfología Animal y de Introducción a la Biología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIByT), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)/Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. Vélez Sársfield 299, X5000JJC Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Federico G. Fiad
- grid.423606.50000 0001 1945 2152Cátedras de Morfología Animal y de Introducción a la Biología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIByT), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)/Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. Vélez Sársfield 299, X5000JJC Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María Laura Hernández
- grid.423606.50000 0001 1945 2152Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina ,Unidad Operativa de Vectores y Ambiente (UnOVE), Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud “Dr. Carlos Malbrán, Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico e Investigación en Endemo-Epidemias (CeNDIE), Santa María de Punilla, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ana Laura Carbajal-de-la-Fuente
- grid.419202.c0000 0004 0433 8498Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico e Investigación en Endemo-Epidemias (CeNDIE), Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud “Dr. Carlos Malbrán” (ANLIS), Av. Paseo Colón 568, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Romina V. Piccinali
- grid.7345.50000 0001 0056 1981Departamento de Ecología Genética y Evolución, Laboratorio de Eco-Epidemiología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2, C1428EGA Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina ,grid.7345.50000 0001 0056 1981Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución (IEGEBA), Intendente Güiraldes, CONICET/Universidad de Buenos Aires, 2160, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2, C1428EGA Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paz Sánchez Casaccia
- grid.419202.c0000 0004 0433 8498Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico e Investigación en Endemo-Epidemias (CeNDIE), Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud “Dr. Carlos Malbrán” (ANLIS), Av. Paseo Colón 568, Buenos Aires, Argentina ,Centro para el Desarrollo de la Investigación Científica (CEDIC), Manduvirá 635 entre 15 de agosto y Oleary, Asunción, Paraguay
| | - Antonieta Rojas de Arias
- Centro para el Desarrollo de la Investigación Científica (CEDIC), Manduvirá 635 entre 15 de agosto y Oleary, Asunción, Paraguay
| | - Patricia Lobbia
- grid.423606.50000 0001 1945 2152Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina ,Unidad Operativa de Vectores y Ambiente (UnOVE), Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud “Dr. Carlos Malbrán, Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico e Investigación en Endemo-Epidemias (CeNDIE), Santa María de Punilla, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Luciana Abrahan
- grid.507426.2Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia Tecnológica de La Rioja (CRILAR), UNLAR, SEGEMAR, UNCa, CONICET, Entre Ríos y Mendoza S/N, Anillaco , 5301 La Rioja, Provincia de La Rioja Argentina
| | - Marinely Bustamante Gomez
- grid.441790.f0000 0004 0489 2878Departamento de Apoyo y Asesoramiento a Proyectos, Universidad Privada del Valle, Campus Tiquipaya, Cochabamba, Bolivia
| | - Jorge Espinoza
- grid.10491.3d0000 0001 2176 4059Departamento de Biología, Laboratorio de Entomología Médica, Universidad Mayor de San Simón, Cochabamba, Bolivia
| | - Florencia Cano
- Programa de Control de Vectores, Ministerio de Salud Pública de San Juan, San Juan, Argentina
| | - Julieta Nattero
- grid.7345.50000 0001 0056 1981Departamento de Ecología Genética y Evolución, Laboratorio de Eco-Epidemiología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2, C1428EGA Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina ,grid.7345.50000 0001 0056 1981Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución (IEGEBA), Intendente Güiraldes, CONICET/Universidad de Buenos Aires, 2160, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2, C1428EGA Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Triatoma guazu Lent and Wygodzinsky Is a Junior Synonym of Triatoma williami Galvão, Souza and Lima. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13070591. [PMID: 35886767 PMCID: PMC9318919 DOI: 10.3390/insects13070591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Triatomines are blood-sucking insects, potential vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas disease. Triatoma guazu and Triatoma williami are phylogenetically very close and occur in sympatry. Morphologic, morphometric, and genetic analyses were performed to discuss the taxonomic status of these species. Morphometric and molecular data do not show diagnostic characteristics between species, whereas their different patterns of connexival spots were considered a phenotypic polymorphism, common in triatomines. These results suggest T. guazu as a junior synonym of T. williami. Therefore, the synonym between these species is formally proposed here. Abstract Triatoma guazu Lent and Wygodzinsky and Triatoma williami Galvão, Souza, and Lima (Hemiptera: Triatominae) are found in human dwellings and are potential vectors of the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas disease. Triatoma guazu was described based solely on a single female specimen, from the municipality of Villarica, Guairá Department, Paraguay, and posteriorly, a male from Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso, Brazil was described and designated as the allotype of this species. Triatoma williami is found in the central-west of Brazil between Goiás, Mato Grosso, and Mato Grosso do Sul. However, the taxonomic “status” of these species is questioned. Previous studies indicate the lack of isoenzymatic diagnostic loci, morphometric similarity, low genetic divergence, and close evolutionary relationship of these species. In this study, we compared the morphology, morphometry, and mitochondrial DNA fragments of the populations of the two species. The morphological diagnostic characteristic among these species is the difference in the connexivum spots pattern, which has been recognized as a phenotypic variation that exists among populations resulting from ecological diversity. Furthermore, our analysis also revealed the morphometric similarity and low genetic divergence between these species. Therefore, in the present paper, we formally propose T. guazu as a junior synonym of T. williami.
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Belintani T, Oliveira J, Pinotti H, Silva LA, Alevi KCC, Galvão C, Rosa JAD. Phylogenetic and phenotypic relationships of the Triatoma sordida subcomplex (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae). Acta Trop 2020; 212:105679. [PMID: 32860747 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Chagas disease, whose etiological agent is the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, affects millions of people worldwide and it is mainly transmitted by infected triatomine feces. Triatoma is the most diverse genus and one of the most important from an epidemiological point of view. Species of this genus are grouped into eight complexes and nine subcomplexes. Triatoma sordida subcomplex consists of T. garciabesi, T. guasayana, T. patagonica, and, T. sordida. Given the recent discussions on their phylogenetic status, this study aims to evaluate morphometric and genetics characters that group and distinguish T. garciabesi, T. guasayana, T. patagonica, and T. sordida, as well as to infer the phylogenetic relationships within the group and evaluate the proximity with T. rubrovaria subcomplex. The results corroborate the phylogenetic relationship of T. guasayana and T. patagonica with the T. rubrovaria subcomplex. Molecular data confirm the proximity of T. jurbergi, T. matogrossensis, T. vandae as T. garciabesi, and T. sordida. Together, genetic variability was shown between T. sordida populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Belintani
- Institute of Biology, Campinas State University (Unicamp), Block O, Bertrand Russel Avenue, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-865, Brazil..
| | - Jader Oliveira
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara-Jaú Highway, km 1, Campos Ville, Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-903, Brazil
| | - Heloisa Pinotti
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara-Jaú Highway, km 1, Campos Ville, Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-903, Brazil
| | - Lucas Abrantes Silva
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara-Jaú Highway, km 1, Campos Ville, Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-903, Brazil
| | - Kaio Cesar Chaboli Alevi
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara-Jaú Highway, km 1, Campos Ville, Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-903, Brazil
| | - Cleber Galvão
- Laboratório Nacional e Internacional de Referência em Taxonomia de Triatomíneos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - João Aristeu da Rosa
- Institute of Biology, Campinas State University (Unicamp), Block O, Bertrand Russel Avenue, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-865, Brazil.; São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara-Jaú Highway, km 1, Campos Ville, Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-903, Brazil
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Monteiro FA, Weirauch C, Felix M, Lazoski C, Abad-Franch F. Evolution, Systematics, and Biogeography of the Triatominae, Vectors of Chagas Disease. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2019. [PMID: 29530308 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apar.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In this chapter, we review and update current knowledge about the evolution, systematics, and biogeography of the Triatominae (Hemiptera: Reduviidae)-true bugs that feed primarily on vertebrate blood. In the Americas, triatomines are the vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas disease. Despite declining incidence and prevalence, Chagas disease is still a major public health concern in Latin America. Triatomines occur also in the Old World, where vector-borne T. cruzi transmission has not been recorded. Triatomines evolved from predatory reduviid bugs, most likely in the New World, and diversified extensively across the Americas (including the Caribbean) and in parts of Asia and Oceania. Here, we first discuss our current understanding of how, how many times, and when the blood-feeding habit might have evolved among the Reduviidae. Then we present a summary of recent advances in the systematics of this diverse group of insects, with an emphasis on the contribution of molecular tools to the clarification of taxonomic controversies. Finally, and in the light of both up-to-date phylogenetic hypotheses and a thorough review of distribution records, we propose a global synthesis of the biogeography of the Triatominae. Over 130 triatomine species contribute to maintaining T. cruzi transmission among mammals (sometimes including humans) in almost every terrestrial ecoregion of the Americas. This means that Chagas disease will never be eradicated and underscores the fact that effective disease prevention will perforce require stronger, long-term vector control-surveillance systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Araujo Monteiro
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia e Sistemática Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | | | - Márcio Felix
- Laboratório de Biodiversidade Entomológica, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cristiano Lazoski
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Oliveira MLRD, Camara DCP, Freitas SPC, Santos-Mallet JR. Spermatological Morphology of Triatoma Species (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae). JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2019; 56:959-966. [PMID: 30801646 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjz017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Spermatozoa are among the most diverse cell types, and their morphologies often provide data that can be used to reliably evaluate phylogenetic relationships. They can also help to clarify the nature of 'specific complexes', which are common among triatomines. In the present study, we evaluated the copulation behavior of Triatoma rubrovaria Blanchard 1843 (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae) and the structural morphology of sperm from T. carcavalloi Jurberg Rocha & Lent, 1998, T. infestans Klug, 1834, T. pintodiasi Jurberg Cunha & Rocha, 2013, and T. rubrovaria. Copulatory behavior was described from the moment males and females genitalia joined until they separated. Insemination was confirmed by the presence of a spermatophore in the female's bursa copulatrix. To measure their sperm, males were dissected and their seminal vesicles were removed, squashed on glass slides, and then spread, fixed, and observed under a photomicroscope. The images obtained were analyzed to measure the sperm. Seminal vesicles were also prepared for transmission electron microscopy. We performed K-means clustering separately for each species to group their sperm based on morphology. The differences in spermatozoa length among species of Triatominae, sperm types, and the interaction between species and sperm type were assessed with a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The copulation time in T. rubrovaria was 3 to 5 min, which was sufficiently long for spermatophore transfer. All taxa showed polymorphic (short and long) sperm, with significant differences in the lengths of sperm among taxa. Using electron microscopy, the sperm cells of the four taxa examined were found to have similar ultrastructural morphology, confirming the hypothesized synapomorphies of sperm within the suborder Heteroptera (Hemiptera).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luiza Ribeiro de Oliveira
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Vigilância Entomológica em Diptera e Hemiptera, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ. Av. Brasil 4365. Pavilhão Carlos Chagas, 5º andar. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal Rural do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Rodovia BR 465, Km 07, s/n. Zona Rural. Seropédica, RJ, Brasil
| | - Daniel Cardoso Portela Camara
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Av. Brasil, 4365, Pavilhão Carlos Chagas, 4º andar, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Simone Patrícia Carneiro Freitas
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Vigilância Entomológica em Diptera e Hemiptera, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ. Av. Brasil 4365. Pavilhão Carlos Chagas, 5º andar. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Jacenir Reis Santos-Mallet
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Vigilância Entomológica em Diptera e Hemiptera, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ. Av. Brasil 4365. Pavilhão Carlos Chagas, 5º andar. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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Oliveira J, Marcet PL, Takiya DM, Mendonça VJ, Belintani T, Bargues MD, Mateo L, Chagas V, Folly-Ramos E, Cordeiro-Estrela P, Gurgel-Gonçalves R, Costa J, da Rosa JA, Almeida CE. Combined phylogenetic and morphometric information to delimit and unify the Triatoma brasiliensis species complex and the Brasiliensis subcomplex. Acta Trop 2017; 170:140-148. [PMID: 28219669 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
"Triatoma brasiliensis species complex" was defined as a monophyletic group of the species: T. brasiliensis, T. juazeirensis, T. melanica, and T. sherlocki. An alternative grouping scheme proposed the concept of "Brasiliensis subcomplex" which included the former species together with T. melanocephala, T. petrocchiae, T. lenti, T. tibiamaculata, and T. vitticeps. To evaluate the relationship among these taxa we combined the results obtained with four mitochondrial genes (12S, 16S, COI and Cytb, adding to 1811bp) and geometric morphometric analysis of wings and heads. Panstrongylus megistus was included in the analysis as it was previously found related to T. tibiamaculata, T. melanocephala and T. vitticeps. The results of both molecular and morphometric approaches clearly grouped the species analyzed into two monophyletic units, supported by both genetic and wing variability. The first one (G1) comprises the four species originally included in the T. brasiliensis species complex plus T. lenti and T. petrocchiae. The second group (G2) was composed by T. melanocephala, T. tibiamaculata and T. vitticeps, and remarkably, P. megistus if considering wing variability and phylogenetic results. Nevertheless, geometric morphometrics of heads provided a quantitative measurement that discriminates Panstrongylus from the Triatoma species based on the position of the antennal insertion relative to eyes, as it is used as the generic distinctive character. The discrepancy among approaches questions the validity of this character to define Panstrongylus genus. Independently of the chosen group definition -"T. brasiliensis species complex" or "Brasiliensis subcomplex"-we propose to delimit it to species of G1 that are all associated with the Caatinga biome in the Brazilian Northeast. G2 are the ones associated with the Atlantic Forest biome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jader Oliveira
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, UNESP, Brazil
| | - Paula L Marcet
- Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention, USA
| | | | | | - Tiago Belintani
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, UNESP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jane Costa
- Laboratório de Biodiversidade Entomológica, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Brazil
| | - João A da Rosa
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, UNESP, Brazil
| | - Carlos E Almeida
- Universidade Federal da Paraiba, Brazil; Universidade Estadual de Campinas, UNICAMP, Brazil.
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Alevi KCC, Guerra AL, Imperador CHL, Jurberg J, Moreira FFF, Oliveira MTVDA. Mitochondrial Gene Confirms the Specific Status of Triatoma pintodiasi Jurberg, Cunha, and Rocha, 2013 (Hemiptera, Triatominae), an Endemic Species in Brazil. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2017; 96:200-201. [PMID: 27821685 PMCID: PMC5239693 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.16-0586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease is most frequently transmitted to humans through contact with feces of insects from the Triatominae subfamily. In Brazil, there are 65 species of triatomines distributed throughout the country's 27 states. Among the species in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Triatoma rubrovaria, Triatoma oliveirai, Triatoma pintodiasi, Triatoma klugi, Triatoma carcavalloi, and Triatoma circummaculata (with the addition Triatoma limai, which is endemic to Argentina) form the T. rubrovaria subcomplex. The last species described and grouped into this subcomplex was T. pintodiasi Thus, this study characterized the genetic distance between T. pintodiasi and of the other members of the T. rubrovaria subcomplex to evaluate the specific status of T. pintodiasi The genetic distance observed between T. pintodiasi and the other species of the T. rubrovaria subcomplex was large, a finding which highlights the specific status of the species considered to be cryptic of T. circummaculata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaio Cesar Chaboli Alevi
- Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho"-São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Ana Letícia Guerra
- Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho"-São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Henrique Lima Imperador
- Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho"-São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Jurberg
- Laboratório Nacional e Internacional de Referência em Taxonomia de Triatomíneos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, LNIRTT/IOC/FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Felipe Ferraz Figueiredo Moreira
- Laboratório Nacional e Internacional de Referência em Taxonomia de Triatomíneos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, LNIRTT/IOC/FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria Tercília Vilela de Azeredo Oliveira
- Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho"-São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Pita S, Lorite P, Nattero J, Galvão C, Alevi KCC, Teves SC, Azeredo-Oliveira MTV, Panzera F. New arrangements on several species subcomplexes of Triatoma genus based on the chromosomal position of ribosomal genes (Hemiptera - Triatominae). INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2016; 43:225-31. [PMID: 27245153 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2016.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The hemipteran subfamily Triatominae includes 150 blood-sucking species, vectors of Chagas disease. By far the most specious genus is Triatoma, assembled in groups, complexes and subcomplexes based on morphological similarities, geographic distribution and genetic data. However, many molecular studies questioned the species integration of several subcomplexes as monophyletic units. In triatomines, chromosomal position of major ribosomal DNA (rDNA) loci is extremely variable but seems to be species-specific and an evolutionary conserved genetic trait, so that closely related species tend to have ribosomal clusters in the same chromosomal location. Considering that the autosomal position as the ancestral character for all heteropteran species, including triatomines, we suggest that the movement of rDNA loci from autosomes to sex chromosomes rapidly established reproductive barriers between divergent lineages. We proposed that the rDNA translocation from the autosomes to the sex chromosomes restrict reproductive compatibility and eventually promote speciation processes. We analyzed the chromosomal position of 45S rDNA clusters in almost all species of the matogrossensis, rubrovaria, maculata and sordida subcomplexes. The fluorescent in situ hybridization results are discussed considering the available genetic data and we proposed new arrangements in the species that constitute each one of these subcomplexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Pita
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Pedro Lorite
- Departamento de Biología Experimental, Área de Genética, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Julieta Nattero
- Cátedra de Introducción a la Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIByT), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC-CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Cleber Galvão
- Laboratório Nacional e Internacional de Referência em Taxonomia de Triatomíneos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Kaio C C Alevi
- Laboratorio de Biologia Celular, Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (IBILCE-UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Simone C Teves
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Vigilância Entomológica em Diptera e Hemiptera (LIVEDIH), Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria T V Azeredo-Oliveira
- Laboratorio de Biologia Celular, Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (IBILCE-UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francisco Panzera
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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10
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de Lima JS, Rocha FL, Alves FM, Lorosa ES, Jansen AM, de Miranda Mourão G. Infestation of arboreal nests of coatis by triatomine species, vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi, in a large Neotropical wetland. JOURNAL OF VECTOR ECOLOGY : JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR VECTOR ECOLOGY 2015; 40:379-385. [PMID: 26611974 DOI: 10.1111/jvec.12177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The coati (Nasua nasua, Carnivora) is a medium-sized mammal common in the Pantanal of Brazil. Unlike most mammals, coatis construct arboreal nests used for resting and reproduction. In this region, the coati is an important host of Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease. There are two possible routes through coatis can be infected by T. cruzi: the oral route or the vectorial route. However, the relative importance of each of these routes in the infection of coatis and its role in the sylvatic cycle of the parasite are unknown. Our objectives were to investigate: (i) whether coati nests were infested by triatomine bugs, (ii) what species were frequent in the nests, (iii) whether the triatomines in nests were infected by T. cruzi, and (iv) what were the food resources of these triatomines. Eight of the 24 nests sampled were infested with triatomines, a total of 37 specimens of at least two species (Rhodnius stali and Triatoma sordida). In one nest, R. stali and T. sordida co-occurred and both fed on multiple resources, including coatis. This is the first report of triatomines occurring in arboreal nests of coatis. The co-occurrence of two different genera of triatomine vectors and coatis within the limited space of the coati nests provide multiple opportunities for the exchange of the protozoan parasite through both the vectorial and oral transmission routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Saab de Lima
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande - MS, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Lopes Rocha
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Monitoramento Ambiental -PPGEMA, Universidade Federal da Paraíba. Campus IV -Litoral Norte. Rua da Mangueira s/n. Centro. Rio Tinto, PB, 58.297-000, Brazil
- Laboratório de Biologia de Tripanosomatídeos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ. Av. Brasil 4365. Pav. Rocha Lima 518, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21045-900, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Moreira Alves
- Laboratório de Biologia de Tripanosomatídeos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ. Av. Brasil 4365. Pav. Rocha Lima 518, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21045-900, Brazil
| | - Elias Seixas Lorosa
- Laboratório Nacional e Internacional de Referência em Taxonomia de Triatomíneos, Departamento de Entomologia, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21045-900, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Jansen
- Laboratório de Biologia de Tripanosomatídeos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ. Av. Brasil 4365. Pav. Rocha Lima 518, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21045-900, Brazil
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11
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Galvão C, Justi SA. An overview on the ecology of Triatominae (Hemiptera:Reduviidae). Acta Trop 2015; 151:116-25. [PMID: 26086951 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2015.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Chagas disease, the American trypanosomiasis, is an important neglected tropical illness caused by the flagellate protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi (Kinetoplastida, Trypanosomatidae) and transmitted by insects of the subfamily Triatominae (Hemiptera: Reduviidae). Here we provide an overview on the current knowledge about Triatominae ecology, its association with human, T. cruzi infection and the immediate consequences of habitat fragmentation. We also discuss the geographic distribution of the species and the importance of predicting their distributions to control programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cleber Galvão
- Laboratório Nacional e Internacional de Referência em Taxonomia de Triatomíneos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Av. Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro - RJ, Brazil.
| | - Silvia A Justi
- Laboratório Nacional e Internacional de Referência em Taxonomia de Triatomíneos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Av. Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro - RJ, Brazil; Laboratório de Biologia Evolutiva Teórica e Aplicada, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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12
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Panzera F, Pita S, Nattero J, Panzera Y, Galvão C, Chavez T, Rojas De Arias A, Cardozo Téllez L, Noireau F. Cryptic speciation in the Triatoma sordida subcomplex (Hemiptera, Reduviidae) revealed by chromosomal markers. Parasit Vectors 2015; 8:495. [PMID: 26419232 PMCID: PMC4589034 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-015-1109-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chagas disease vectors (Hemiptera-Reduviidae) comprise more than 140 blood-sucking insect species of the Triatominae subfamily. The largest genus is Triatoma, subdivided in several complexes and subcomplexes according to morphology, ecology and genetic features. One of them is the sordida subcomplex, involving four species: Triatoma sordida, T. guasayana, T. garciabesi and T. patagonica. Given the great morphological similarity of these species, their taxonomic identification, evolutionary relationships and population differentiation have been controversial for many years and even today remain under discussion. METHODS We simultaneously analyzed two chromosomal markers, C-heterochromatin distribution and 45S ribosomal genes chromosomal position, of 139 specimens from several sordida subcomplex populations from Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil and Paraguay, collected both in nature and from several established insectaries. Our results were compared with COI sequences deposited in GenBank. RESULTS We recognized five chromosomal taxa with putative hybrids, which each differ in at least one chromosome marker. Most of them present significant differences in their mtDNA sequences. CONCLUSION The chromosomal taxa here show a significant chromosome differentiation involving changes in the C-heterochromatin content and in the ribosomal clusters position. This paper identifies several erroneously classified populations by morphological methods, delimits the geographical distribution of each taxon and proposes the existence of a new cryptic species, widely distributed in Argentina. We also suggest that sordida sibling species involve closely related as well as evolutionary distant species. Taxonomic status of each chromosomal taxon is discussed considering phenotypic and genetic results previously published.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Panzera
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Calle: Iguá 4225, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Sebastián Pita
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Calle: Iguá 4225, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Julieta Nattero
- Cátedra Introducción a la Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIByT) CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina. .,Present address: Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Laboratorio de Eco-Epidemiología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Yanina Panzera
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Calle: Iguá 4225, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Cleber Galvão
- Laboratório Nacional e Internacional de Referência em Taxonomia de Triatomíneos (LNIRTT), Instituto Oswaldo, Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Tamara Chavez
- Instituto Nacional de Laboratorios de Salud (INLASA), Laboratorio de Entomología Médica, La Paz, Bolivia.
| | - Antonieta Rojas De Arias
- Centro para el Desarrollo de la Investigación Científica (CEDIC)/Díaz Gill Medicina Laboratorial/Fundación Moisés Bertoni, Asunción, Paraguay.
| | - Lourdes Cardozo Téllez
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Hernando Bertoni, Instituto Paraguayo de Tecnología Agraria, Asunción, Paraguay.
| | - François Noireau
- Interactions hôtes-vecteurs-parasites dans les infections par trypanosomatidae (INTERTRYP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Montpellier, France
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13
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Alevi KCC, de Oliveira J, Moreira FFF, Jurberg J, da Rosa JA, de Azeredo-Oliveira MTV. Chromosomal characteristics and distribution of constitutive heterochromatin in the Matogrossensis and Rubrovaria subcomplexes. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2015; 33:158-62. [PMID: 25917494 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2015.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Since 1966 the triatomines were grouped in complexes and specific subcomplexes. Although the complex and subcomplexes not have taxonomic importance, should be monophyletic groups and cytogenetic tools have proved to be of great importance to characterize these species groupings. Based on this, this paper aims to describe the chromosomal characteristics and heterochromatic pattern of Matogrossensis and Rubrovaria subcomplexes, in order to contribute to the taxonomic and evolutionary relationships of these vectors. In this study, at least three males from each species (Triatoma baratai, Triatoma costalimai, Triatoma guazu, Triatoma jurbergi, Triatoma matogrossensis, Triatoma vandae, Triatoma williami, Triatoma carcavalloi, Triatoma circummaculata, Triatoma klugi, Triatoma pintodiasi and Triatoma rubrovaria) were analyzed by means analyzed by means of cytogenetic techniques of C-banding. All species showed the same cytogenetic characteristics: 22 chromosomes, low variation in the size of autosomes, sex chromosome Y larger than X, initial prophase composed of only one heterochromatic chromocenter formed by the sex chromosomes X and Y (except for T. pintodiasi that presented the sex chromosomes individualized during all stages of prophase) and presence of constitutive heterochromatin restricted to sex chromosome Y. These characteristics, although common to Matogrossensis and Rubrovaria subcomplexes allow to distinguish these species of species grouped in most of South America subcomplexes, as Brasiliensis, Maculata, Sordida and Insfestans. Thus, the cytogenetic analysis was of extreme importance to differentiate both subcomplexes of the other subcomplexes of South America. However, probably due to evolutionary proximity existing between these subcomplexes was not possible to observar species differences that make up the Matogrossensis subcomplex of the Rubrovaria subcomplex. Therefore, we emphasize that new comparative analyzes, as experimental hybrid crosses and molecular cytogenetic analysis are necessary to clarify the evolutionary relationship between these important subcomplexes of vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaio Cesar Chaboli Alevi
- Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista - São José do Rio Preto, Rua Cristovão Colombo 2265, 15054-000 São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Jader de Oliveira
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista - Araraquara, Rod. Araraquara-Jaú km 1, 14801-902 Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Felipe Ferraz Figueiredo Moreira
- Laboratório Nacional e Internacional de Referência na Taxonomia de Triatominae, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - José Jurberg
- Laboratório Nacional e Internacional de Referência na Taxonomia de Triatominae, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - João Aristeu da Rosa
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista - Araraquara, Rod. Araraquara-Jaú km 1, 14801-902 Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Tercília Vilela de Azeredo-Oliveira
- Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista - São José do Rio Preto, Rua Cristovão Colombo 2265, 15054-000 São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
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14
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Gardim S, Rocha CS, Almeida CE, Takiya DM, da Silva MTA, Ambrósio DL, Cicarelli RMB, da Rosa JA. Evolutionary relationships of the Triatoma matogrossensis subcomplex, the endemic triatoma in Central-Western Brazil, based on mitochondrial DNA sequences. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2013; 89:766-774. [PMID: 24002487 PMCID: PMC3795110 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.12-0718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The phylogenetic relationships among species of
Triatoma matogrossensis subcomplex (
T. baratai,
T. guazu,
T. matogrossensis,
T. sordida,
T. vandae, and
T. williami) was addressed by using fragments of cytochrome oxidase I (COI), 16S rDNA (16S), and cytochrome
b (Cytb) through Bayesian and parsimony analyses. We did not recover a monophyletic
T. matogrossensis subcomplex, and their members were found clustered in three strongly supported clades, as follows: i)
T. jurbergi +
T. matogrossensis +
T. vandae +
T. garciabesi +
T. sordida; ii) with
T. guasayana as the sister group of clade (i); and iii)
T. williami +
T. guazu, however not closely related to the clade formed by the previously mentioned species. The other two endemic species from Central-Western Brazil,
T. baratai and
T. costalimai, were not recovered with strong clade support as related to other members of this subcomplex. Results call for a further revision in the classification of the subcomplexes within the genus
Triatoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - João A. da Rosa
- *Address correspondence to João A. da Rosa, Rod. Araraquara-Jaú, Km 1, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas/UNESP Araraquara, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Parasitologia, CEP 14801-902 Araraquara/SP, Brazil. E-mail:
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Gurgel-Gonçalves R, Galvão C, Costa J, Peterson AT. Geographic distribution of chagas disease vectors in Brazil based on ecological niche modeling. J Trop Med 2012; 2012:705326. [PMID: 22523500 PMCID: PMC3317230 DOI: 10.1155/2012/705326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2011] [Accepted: 10/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although Brazil was declared free from Chagas disease transmission by the domestic vector Triatoma infestans, human acute cases are still being registered based on transmission by native triatomine species. For a better understanding of transmission risk, the geographic distribution of Brazilian triatomines was analyzed. Sixteen out of 62 Brazilian species that both occur in >20 municipalities and present synanthropic tendencies were modeled based on their ecological niches. Panstrongylus geniculatus and P. megistus showed broad ecological ranges, but most of the species sort out by the biome in which they are distributed: Rhodnius pictipes and R. robustus in the Amazon; R. neglectus, Triatoma sordida, and T. costalimai in the Cerrado; R. nasutus, P. lutzi, T. brasiliensis, T. pseudomaculata, T. melanocephala, and T. petrocchiae in the Caatinga; T. rubrovaria in the southern pampas; T. tibiamaculata and T. vitticeps in the Atlantic Forest. Although most occurrences were recorded in open areas (Cerrado and Caatinga), our results show that all environmental conditions in the country are favorable to one or more of the species analyzed, such that almost nowhere is Chagas transmission risk negligible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Gurgel-Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Médica e Biologia de Vetores, Área de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, 70904-970 Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Cléber Galvão
- Laboratório Nacional e Internacional de Referência em Taxonomia de Triatomíneos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, 21045-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Jane Costa
- Laboratório de Biodiversidade Entomológica, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, 21045-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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