1
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Development of new 1, 3-dihydroxyacridone derivatives as Akt pathway inhibitors in skeletal muscle cells. Bioorg Chem 2023; 130:106222. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.106222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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2
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Li X, Xing G, Guo X, Wang Y, Hu Z, Cheng M, Peng Y, Zheng J. Identification of Metoprolol Tartrate-Derived Reactive Metabolites Possibly Correlated with Its Cytotoxicity. Chem Res Toxicol 2022; 35:1059-1069. [PMID: 35575346 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.2c00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
As a selective β1-receptor antagonist, metoprolol tartrate (MTA) is commonly used to treat cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension and angina pectoris. There have been cases of liver injury induced by MTA, but the mechanism of hepatotoxicity induced by MTA is not clear. The purposes of this study were to identify the reactive metabolites of MTA, to determine the pathway for the metabolic activation of MTA, and to define a possible correlation between the metabolic activation and cytotoxicity of MTA. Three oxidative metabolites (M1-M3), a glutathione (GSH) conjugate (M4), and an N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) conjugate (M5) were detected in rat liver microsomal incubations containing MTA and GSH or NAC. M4 was also detected in cultured rat primary hepatocytes and bile of rats given MTA, and M5 was detected in the urine of MTA-treated rats. A quinone methide intermediate may be produced from the metabolic activation process in vitro and in vivo. The metabolite was reactive to glutathione and N-acetyl cysteine. MTA induced marked cytotoxicity in cultured rat primary hepatocytes. Pretreatment of aminobenzotriazole, a nonselective P450 enzyme inhibitor, attenuated the susceptibility of hepatocytes to MTA cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Li
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Gang Xing
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Xinxin Guo
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Yang Wang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Zixia Hu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Maosheng Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Ying Peng
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Jiang Zheng
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, P. R. China
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3
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Yıldız T, Baştaş İ, Başpınar Küçük H. Transition-metal-free intramolecular Friedel-Crafts reaction by alkene activation: A method for the synthesis of some novel xanthene derivatives. Beilstein J Org Chem 2021; 17:2203-2208. [PMID: 34621387 PMCID: PMC8450977 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.17.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, new derivatives (substituted 9-methyl-9-arylxanthenes) of xanthene compounds (5a-l) of possible biological significance were synthesized by developing a new synthesis method. In order to obtain xanthene derivatives, the original alkene compounds to be used as the starting materials were synthesized in four steps using appropriate reactions. A cyclization reaction by intramolecular Friedel-Crafts alkylation was carried out in order to synthesize the desired xanthene derivatives using the alkenes as starting compounds. The intramolecular Friedel-Crafts reaction was catalyzed by trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) and provided some novel substituted 9-methyl-9-arylxanthenes with good yields at room temperature within 6-24 hours. As a result, an alkene compound was used for activation with TFA in the synthesis of xanthene through intramolecular Friedel-Crafts alkylation for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tülay Yıldız
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Department of Chemistry, Istanbul, Avcilar, 34320, Turkey
| | - İrem Baştaş
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Department of Chemistry, Istanbul, Avcilar, 34320, Turkey
| | - Hatice Başpınar Küçük
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Department of Chemistry, Istanbul, Avcilar, 34320, Turkey
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4
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Bejček J, Spiwok V, Kmoníčková E, Rimpelová S. Na +/K +-ATPase Revisited: On Its Mechanism of Action, Role in Cancer, and Activity Modulation. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26071905. [PMID: 33800655 PMCID: PMC8061769 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26071905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of Na+ and K+ gradients across the cell plasma membrane is an essential process for mammalian cell survival. An enzyme responsible for this process, sodium-potassium ATPase (NKA), has been currently extensively studied as a potential anticancer target, especially in lung cancer and glioblastoma. To date, many NKA inhibitors, mainly of natural origin from the family of cardiac steroids (CSs), have been reported and extensively studied. Interestingly, upon CS binding to NKA at nontoxic doses, the role of NKA as a receptor is activated and intracellular signaling is triggered, upon which cancer cell death occurs, which lies in the expression of different NKA isoforms than in healthy cells. Two major CSs, digoxin and digitoxin, originally used for the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias, are also being tested for another indication—cancer. Such drug repositioning has a big advantage in smoother approval processes. Besides this, novel CS derivatives with improved performance are being developed and evaluated in combination therapy. This article deals with the NKA structure, mechanism of action, activity modulation, and its most important inhibitors, some of which could serve not only as a powerful tool to combat cancer, but also help to decipher the so-far poorly understood NKA regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Bejček
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (J.B.); (V.S.)
| | - Vojtěch Spiwok
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (J.B.); (V.S.)
| | - Eva Kmoníčková
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Plzeňská 311, 150 00 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Silvie Rimpelová
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (J.B.); (V.S.)
- Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 76, 323 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-220-444-360
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Yao R, Ren L, Wang S, Zhang M, Yang K. Euxanthone inhibits traumatic spinal cord injury via anti-oxidative stress and suppression of p38 and PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in a rat model. Transl Neurosci 2021; 12:114-126. [PMID: 33777443 PMCID: PMC7969821 DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2021-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Owing to neurite promoting, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of Euxanthone (Eux), the investigation was aimed to probe the neuroprotective efficacy of Eux against traumatic spinal cord injury (t-SCI) in rats and whether Eux can improve neuropathic function in t-SCI. Method Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomized in – Sham, t-SCI, Eux30, and Eux60 (t-SCI + 30 and 60 mg/kg respectively). Animals with compression force-induced t-SCI were subjected to estimation of locomotor functions. Spinal cord water content and Evans blue (EB) effusion were determined for quantifying edema and intactness of the spinal cord. Oxidative stress and immunochemical markers were quantified by ELISA and western blotting. Results Findings revealed that Eux60 group animals had greater Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) and (incline plane test) IPT score indicating improved locomotor functions. There was a reduction in the spinal edema and water content after Eux treatment, together with lowering of oxidative stress markers. The expression of IL-6, IL-12, IL-1β, caspase-3, RANKL, TLR4, NF-κB, p-38, PI3K, and Akt in spinal cord tissues of t-SCI-induced rats was lowered after Eux treatment. Conclusion Overall, the investigation advocates that Eux attenuates t-SCI and associated inflammation, oxidative damage, and resulting apoptosis via modulation of TLR4/NF-κB/p38 and PI3K/Akt signaling cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubin Yao
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Dali City, No. 32 Carlsberg Avenue, Yunnan, 671000, China
| | - Lirong Ren
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Dali City, No. 32 Carlsberg Avenue, Yunnan, 671000, China
| | - Shiyong Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Dali City, No. 32 Carlsberg Avenue, Yunnan, 671000, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Dali City, No. 32 Carlsberg Avenue, Yunnan, 671000, China
| | - Kaishun Yang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Dali City, No. 32 Carlsberg Avenue, Yunnan, 671000, China
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6
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Cyclodextrin-based nanoparticles encapsulating α-mangostin and their drug release behavior: potential carriers of α-mangostin for cancer therapy. Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-019-0296-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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7
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Ibrahim SRM, Mohamed GA, Elfaky MA, Zayed MF, El-Kholy AA, Abdelmageed OH, Ross SA. Mangostanaxanthone VII, a new cytotoxic xanthone from Garcinia mangostana. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 73:185-189. [PMID: 29116938 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2017-0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Garcinia mangostana L. (the queen of fruits, mangosteen, family Guttiferae) is a wealthy source of xanthones. The CHCl3 soluble fraction of the air-dried pericarps of G. mangostana provided a new xanthone: mangostanaxanthone VII (5), along with four known xanthones: mangostanaxanthones I (1) and II (2), gartanin (3) and γ-mangostin (4). The structural verification of these metabolites was achieved by different spectral techniques, including UV, IR, 1D and 2D NMR and HRESIMS. The new metabolite was assessed for cytotoxic potential, using sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay towards the A549 and MCF-7 cancer cell lines. Moreover, its antimicrobial effects were evaluated against various bacterial and fungal strains, using agar disc diffusion assay. Mangostanaxanthone VII showed moderate cytotoxic activity against the A549 and MCF7 cell lines with IC50s 26.1 and 34.8 μM, respectively, compared with doxorubicin (0.74 and 0.41 μM, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrin R M Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munawwarah 30078, Saudi ArabiaE-mail:.,Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Gamal A Mohamed
- Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A Elfaky
- Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed F Zayed
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munawwarah 30078, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amal A El-Kholy
- Department of Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munawwarah 30078, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Osama H Abdelmageed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samir A Ross
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Mississippi 38677, USA
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8
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Szkaradek N, Sypniewski D, Żelaszczyk D, Gałka S, Borzdziłowska P, Marona H, Bednarek I. Influence of New Synthetic Xanthones on the Proliferation and Migration Potential of Cancer Cell Lines In Vitro. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2019; 19:1949-1965. [PMID: 30950354 DOI: 10.2174/1871520619666190405113519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural plant metabolites and their semisynthetic derivatives have been used for years in cancer therapy. Xanthones are oxygenated heterocyclic compounds produced as secondary metabolites by higher plants, fungi or lichens. Xanthone core may serve as a template in the synthesis of many derivatives that have broad biological activities. OBJECTIVE This study synthesized a series of 17 new xanthones, and their anticancer potential was also evaluated. METHODS The anticancer potential was evaluated in vitro using a highly invasive T24 cancer cell line. Direct cytotoxic effects of the xanthones were established by IC50 estimation based on XTT assay. RESULTS 5 compounds of the total 17 showed significant cytotoxicity toward the studied cancer cultures and were submitted to further detailed analysis, including studies examining their influence on gelatinase A and B expression, as well as on the cancer cells migration and adhesion to an extracellular matrix. These analyses were carried out on five human tumor cell lines: A2780 (ovarian cancer), A549 (lung cancer), HeLa (cervical cancer), Hep G2 (liver cancer), and T24 (urinary bladder cancer). All the compounds, especially 4, showed promising anticancer activity: they exhibited significant cytotoxicity towards all the evaluated cell lines, including MCF-7 breast cancer, and hindered migration-motility activity of cancer cells demonstrating more potent activity than α-mangostin which served as a reference xanthone. CONCLUSION These results suggest that our xanthone derivatives may be further analyzed in order to include them in cancer treatment protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Szkaradek
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Str., 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Daniel Sypniewski
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Medical University of Silesia, 8 Jednosci Str., 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Dorota Żelaszczyk
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Str., 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Sabina Gałka
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Medical University of Silesia, 8 Jednosci Str., 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Paulina Borzdziłowska
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Medical University of Silesia, 8 Jednosci Str., 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Henryk Marona
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Str., 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Ilona Bednarek
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Medical University of Silesia, 8 Jednosci Str., 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
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9
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Muralidharan VP, Alagumuthu M, Arumugam S, Iyer SK. Molecular Substantiation and Drug Efficacy of Relatively High Molecular Weight S-BINOLs; Appraised as Breast Cancer Medication and PI3Kinase Inhibitors. J Heterocycl Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Manikandan Alagumuthu
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio-Sciences and Technology; VIT University; Vellore 632014 India
| | - Sivakumar Arumugam
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio-Sciences and Technology; VIT University; Vellore 632014 India
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10
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Xu R, Mao F, Zhao Y, Wang W, Fan L, Gao X, Zhao J, Tian H. UPLC Quantitative Analysis of Multi-Components by Single Marker and Quality Evaluation of Polygala tenuifolia Wild. Extracts. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22122276. [PMID: 29261155 PMCID: PMC6149966 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22122276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The quality control of Polygala tenuifolia Wild. is a major challenge in its clinical application. In this paper, a new strategy for the quality evaluation of P. tenuifolia extracts was verified through reverse-phase ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). The quantitative analysis of multi-components by a single marker (QAMS) was conducted with 3,6′-disinapoyl sucrose as an internal reference substance. Eight components (i.e., sibiricose A5, sibiricose A6, glomeratose A, tenuifoliside A, tenuifoliside B, tenuifoliside C, sibiricaxanthone B, and polygalaxanthone III) were determined based on the relative correction factors. The concentrations of these components were also determined by applying a conventional external standard method. The cosine value confirmed the consistency of the two methods (cosine ratio value >0.999920). Hierarchical cluster analysis, radar plots, and discriminant analysis were performed to classify 23 batches of P. tenuifolia extracts from Shanxi, Hebei, and Shaanxi in China. Results revealed that QAMS combined with radar plots and multivariate data analysis could accurately measure and clearly distinguish the different quality samples of P. tenuifolia. Hence, QAMS is a feasible and promising method for the quality control of P. tenuifolia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China.
| | - Fuying Mao
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China.
- Ningxia Research Center of Modern Hui Medicine Engineering and Technology, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China.
| | - Yunsheng Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China.
- Ningxia Research Center of Modern Hui Medicine Engineering and Technology, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China.
- Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China.
| | - Wenping Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China.
- Ningxia Research Center of Modern Hui Medicine Engineering and Technology, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China.
| | - Lingling Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China.
| | - Xiaojuan Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China.
- Ningxia Research Center of Modern Hui Medicine Engineering and Technology, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China.
| | - Jianjun Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China.
- Ningxia Research Center of Modern Hui Medicine Engineering and Technology, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China.
| | - Hongling Tian
- Institute of Industrial Crop Research, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fenyang 032200, Shanxi, China.
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11
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Discrimination of geographical origin of cultivated Polygala tenuifolia based on multi-element fingerprinting by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12577. [PMID: 28974750 PMCID: PMC5626680 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12933-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Inorganic elements are important components of medicinal herbs, and provide valuable experimental evidence for the quality evaluation and control of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). In this study, to investigate the relationship between the inorganic elemental fingerprint and geographical origin identification of cultivated Polygala tenuifolia, 41 elemental fingerprints of P. tenuifolia from four major polygala-producing regions (Shanxi, Hebei, Henan, and Shaanxi) were evaluated to determine the importance of inorganic elements to cultivated P. tenuifolia. A total of 15 elemental (B, Ca, Cl, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, N, Mo, S, Sr, P, and Zn) concentrations of cultivated P. tenuifolia were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS). The element composition samples were classified by radar plot, elemental fingerprint, and multivariate data analyses, such as hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), principle component analysis (PCA), and discriminant analysis (DA). This study shows that radar plots and multivariate data analysis can satisfactorily distinguish the geographical origin of cultivated P. tenuifolia. Furthermore, PCA results revealed that N, Cu, K, Mo, Sr, Ca, and Zn are the characteristic elements of cultivated P. tenuifolia. Therefore, multi-element fingerprinting coupled with multivariate statistical techniques can be considered an effective tool to discriminate geographical origin of cultivated P. tenuifolia.
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12
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Novel xanthone-polyamine conjugates as catalytic inhibitors of human topoisomerase IIα. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:4687-4693. [PMID: 28919339 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
It has been proposed that xanthone derivatives with anticancer potential act as topoisomerase II inhibitors because they interfere with the ability of the enzyme to bind its ATP cofactor. In order to further characterize xanthone mechanism and generate compounds with potential as anticancer drugs, we synthesized a series of derivatives in which position 3 was substituted with different polyamine chains. As determined by DNA relaxation and decatenation assays, the resulting compounds are potent topoisomerase IIα inhibitors. Although xanthone derivatives inhibit topoisomerase IIα-catalyzed ATP hydrolysis, mechanistic studies indicate that they do not act at the ATPase site. Rather, they appear to function by blocking the ability of DNA to stimulate ATP hydrolysis. On the basis of activity, competition, and modeling studies, we propose that xanthones interact with the DNA cleavage/ligation active site of topoisomerase IIα and inhibit the catalytic activity of the enzyme by interfering with the DNA strand passage step.
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13
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Effects of hydroxy-xanthones on dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine lipid bilayers: A theoretical and experimental study. Chem Phys Lipids 2017; 206:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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14
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Kumar D, Sharma P, Singh H, Nepali K, Gupta GK, Jain SK, Ntie-Kang F. The value of pyrans as anticancer scaffolds in medicinal chemistry. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra05441f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyran-based heterocycles are promising for anticancer drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Guru Nanak Dev University
- Amritsar
- India
| | - Pooja Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Guru Nanak Dev University
- Amritsar
- India
- Sri Sai College of Pharmacy Manawala
| | - Harmanpreet Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Guru Nanak Dev University
- Amritsar
- India
| | - Kunal Nepali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Guru Nanak Dev University
- Amritsar
- India
| | - Girish Kumar Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- M. M. College of Pharmacy
- Maharishi Markandeshwer University
- Mullana
- India
| | - Subheet Kumar Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Guru Nanak Dev University
- Amritsar
- India
| | - Fidele Ntie-Kang
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Buea
- Buea
- Cameroon
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15
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Mahendar L, Satyanarayana G. Copper catalyzed coupling of protecting group free and sterically hindered 2-bromobenzyl tertiary alcohols with phenols and anilines: facile synthesis of xanthenes and dihydroacridines. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra03447k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Protecting group free and sterically hindered tertiary alcohols used in coupling reaction. Two-step process with a single column chromatography. Synthesis of interesting xanthenes and dihydroacridines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lodi Mahendar
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad
- Sangareddy
- India
| | - Gedu Satyanarayana
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad
- Sangareddy
- India
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16
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Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized using Polygala tenuifolia root extract. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2015; 146:10-7. [PMID: 25777265 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2015.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The exploitation of various plant materials for the green synthesis of nanoparticles is considered an eco-friendly technology because it does not involve toxic chemicals. In this study, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were synthesized using the root extract of Polygala tenuifolia. Synthesized ZnO NPs were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, TGA, TEM, SEM and EDX. Anti-inflammatory activity was investigated in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages, whereas antioxidant activity was examined using a DPPH free radical assay. ZnO NPs demonstrated moderate antioxidant activity by scavenging 45.47% DPPH at 1mg/mL and revealed excellent anti-inflammatory activity by dose-dependently suppressing both mRNA and protein expressions of iNOS, COX-2, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α.
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Menéndez CA, Nador F, Radivoy G, Gerbino DC. One-Step Synthesis of Xanthones Catalyzed by a Highly Efficient Copper-Based Magnetically Recoverable Nanocatalyst. Org Lett 2014; 16:2846-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ol500964e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cintia A. Menéndez
- Instituto de Química
del Sur, INQUISUR (CONICET-UNS), Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Avenida Alem 1253, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Fabiana Nador
- Instituto de Química
del Sur, INQUISUR (CONICET-UNS), Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Avenida Alem 1253, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Gabriel Radivoy
- Instituto de Química
del Sur, INQUISUR (CONICET-UNS), Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Avenida Alem 1253, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Darío C. Gerbino
- Instituto de Química
del Sur, INQUISUR (CONICET-UNS), Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Avenida Alem 1253, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina
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Kumar A, Fan D, DiPette DJ, Singh US. Sparstolonin B, a novel plant derived compound, arrests cell cycle and induces apoptosis in N-myc amplified and N-myc nonamplified neuroblastoma cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96343. [PMID: 24788776 PMCID: PMC4006872 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is one of the most common solid tumors and accounts for ∼15% of all the cancer related deaths in the children. Despite the standard therapy for advanced disease including chemotherapy, surgery, and radiation, the mortality rate remains high for these patients. Hence, novel therapeutic agents are desperately needed. Here we examined the anticancer activity of a novel plant-derived compound, sparstolonin B (SsnB; 8,5′-dihydroxy-4-phenyl-5,2′-oxidoisocoumarin) using neuroblastoma cell lines of different genetics. SsnB was recently isolated from an aquatic Chinese herb, Sparganium stoloniferum, and tubers of this herb have been used in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of several inflammatory diseases and cancers. Our cell viability and morphological analysis indicated that SsnB at 10 µM concentration significantly inhibited the growth of both N-myc amplified (SK-N-BE(2), NGP, and IMR-32 cells) and N-myc nonamplified (SH-SY5Y and SKNF-1 cells) neuroblastoma cells. The flow cytometric analyses suggested that SsnB arrests the cell cycle progression at G2-M phase in all neuroblastoma cell lines tested. Exposure of SsnB inhibited the compact spheroid formation and reduced the tumorigenicity of SH-SY5Y cells and SK-N-BE(2) cells in in vitro 3-D cell culture assays (anchorage-independent colony formation assay and hanging drop assay). SsnB lowers the cellular level of glutathione (GSH), increases generation of reactive oxygen species and activates the cleavage of caspase-3 whereas co-incubation of a GSH precursor, N-acetylcysteine, along with SsnB attenuates the inhibitory effects of SsnB and increases the neuroblastoma cell viability. Our results for the first time demonstrate that SsnB possesses anticancer activity indicating that SsnB-induced reactive oxygen species generation promotes apoptotic cell death in neuroblastoma cells of different genetic background. Thus these data suggest that SsnB can be a promising drug candidate in neuroblastoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambrish Kumar
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Daping Fan
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Donald J. DiPette
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Ugra S. Singh
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Rufatto LC, Finimundy TC, Roesch-Ely M, Moura S. Mikania laevigata: chemical characterization and selective cytotoxic activity of extracts on tumor cell lines. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 20:883-889. [PMID: 23639190 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2013.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2012] [Revised: 02/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is the second major cause of mortality worldwide, losing only to cardiovascular disease. Nowadays, around 50% of antineoplastic drugs were discovered and isolated by indications of plants in folk medicine. In Brazilian flora there are many species of plants which have great therapeutic importance, highlighting the Mikania laevigata (Asteraceae) that has been used for their valuable properties, especially in the respiratory tract. In the present study, the compounds of M. laevigata extracts were characterized by High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS) and Gas Chromatography with Mass analysis (GC/MS-EI). Therefore, the presence of some compounds with promising biological properties as antitumor activity was detected. Coumarin (1,2-benzopyrone) was previously reported as responsible for some biological activities of this plant species. Here, the extracts were evaluated by their cytotoxic activity against tumor (Hep-2, HeLa) and non tumor (MRC-5) cell lines, presenting significant inhibitory activity of cell growth in all extracts analyzed, chloroform, ethyl acetate, hexane, ethanol, which is related to its chemical composition. From the four different extracts here tested, two of them, hexane and ethanol, presented a clear selectivity against both tumor cells lines investigated. This can be explained by variances and increase of phenolic compounds in the ethanol fraction and an association of molecules with coumarin found in the hexane fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Rufatto
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Natural and Synthetics Products, Technology Department, Biotechnology Institute, University of Caxias do Sul, Brazil
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Influence of Mikania laevigata Extract over the Genotoxicity Induced by Alkylating Agents. ISRN TOXICOLOGY 2013; 2013:521432. [PMID: 23724299 PMCID: PMC3658420 DOI: 10.1155/2013/521432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2012] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Medicinal plants are still widely used worldwide; yet for some species, little or no information is available concerning their biological activity, specially their genotoxic and antimutagenic potential. Mikania laevigata (Asteraceae) is a native plant from South America, and its extracts are largely used to treat respiratory complaints. The aim of the present work was then to evaluate, in vivo, the potential biological activity of M. laevigata on the genotoxicity induced by methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) and cyclophosphamide (CP), using the comet assay. Male CF1 mice were divided into groups of 5-6 animals, received by gavage 0.1 mL/10 g body wt of water, Mikania laevigata extract (MLE), MMS, and CP. Results showed that treatment with 200 mg/kg of the MLE previously to MMS and CP administration, respectively, reduced the damage index (DI) in 52% and 60%, when compared to DI at 24 h. Pretreatment also reduced the damage frequency (DF) in 56% (MMS) and 58% (CP), compared to DF at 24 h. MLE administration has been shown to protect mouse DNA from damage induced by alkylating agents; this corroborates to the biological activities of M. laevigata and points towards the need of plant compounds isolation to proceed with further studies.
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Eftekhari-Sis B, Zirak M, Akbari A. Arylglyoxals in Synthesis of Heterocyclic Compounds. Chem Rev 2013; 113:2958-3043. [DOI: 10.1021/cr300176g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bagher Eftekhari-Sis
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty
of Science, University of Maragheh, Golshahr,
P.O. Box. 55181-83111, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Maryam Zirak
- Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, P.O. Box 19395-3697, Tehran,
Iran
| | - Ali Akbari
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty
of Science, University of Maragheh, Golshahr,
P.O. Box. 55181-83111, Maragheh, Iran
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Screening of different East Himalayan species and populations of Swertia L. based on exomorphology and mangiferin content. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(12)60436-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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23
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Jun KY, Lee EY, Jung MJ, Lee OH, Lee ES, Park Choo HY, Na Y, Kwon Y. Synthesis, biological evaluation, and molecular docking study of 3-(3'-heteroatom substituted-2'-hydroxy-1'-propyloxy) xanthone analogues as novel topoisomerase IIα catalytic inhibitor. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 46:1964-71. [PMID: 21419530 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2010] [Revised: 12/23/2010] [Accepted: 01/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Epoxide ring-opened xanthone derivatives were synthesized and tested for their topoisomerase inhibitory activity and cytotoxicity. Most of the compounds showed topo IIα specific inhibitory activity. To clarify the mechanism of action of these compounds, the most potent compound (compound 14) of the synthesized analogues was further studied by testing its ATPase inhibitory activity and through molecular docking experiments. The results showed that the topo IIα inhibitory activity of compound 14 was inversely proportional to ATP concentration. In the ATPase inhibitory test, ATP hydrolysis was reduced less efficiently by compound 14 (28.5±4.6%) than novobiocin (60.4±8.1%). Molecular docking study revealed compound 14 to have a stable binding pattern to the ATP-binding domain of human topo II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu-Yeon Jun
- College of Pharmacy & Division of Life & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, and Severance Hospital Integrative Research Institute for Cerebral & Cardiovascular Disease, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea
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Câmara DV, Lemos VS, Santos MH, Nagem TJ, Cortes SF. Mechanism of the vasodilator effect of Euxanthone in rat small mesenteric arteries. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 17:690-692. [PMID: 20097048 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2009.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2009] [Revised: 10/21/2009] [Accepted: 12/14/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In the present work we investigated the mechanism involved in the vasodilator effect induced by euxanthone in rat small mesenteric arteries. We observed that euxanthone induced concentration-dependent vasodilatation in arteries by a mechanism independent on the release of endothelial factors, such as nitric oxide (NO) and cyclooxygenase-derived factors. In addition our results also suggest that euxanthone induced its vasodilator effect through inhibition of calcium-sensitive mechanisms activated by protein kinase C, rather than by inhibition of contractions dependent on the release of the intracellular calcium stores or by inhibition of voltage-operated calcium channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- D V Câmara
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas - Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Belo Horizonte - MG, Brazil
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Shen R, Wang P, Tang N. Cytotoxic activity and DNA-binding properties of xanthone derivatives. J Fluoresc 2010; 20:1287-97. [PMID: 20532595 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-010-0680-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2010] [Accepted: 05/26/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the interactions of different groups substituted xanthone derivatives with calf thymus DNA (ct DNA) have been investigated by spectrophotometric methods and viscosity measurements. Results indicate that xanthone derivatives can intercalate into the DNA base pairs by the plane of xanthone ring and the various substituents may influence the binding affinity with DNA according to the calculated quenching constant values and the melting temperature of DNA. Furthermore, three tumor cell lines including esophagus squamous cancer cell line (ECA109), stomach cancer cell line (SGC7901) and lung cancer cell line (GLC-82) have been used to evaluate the cytotoxic activities of xanthone derivatives by MTT (microculture tetrazolium) method. Analysis show that the oxiranylmethoxy or piperidinylethoxy substituted xanthones exhibit more effective cytotoxic activity against three cancer cells than the other substituted xanthones. The effects on the inhibition of tumor cells in vitro agree with the studies of DNA-binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Shen
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China.
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Boutefnouchet S, Minh NT, Putrus R, Pfeiffer B, Léonce S, Pierré A, Michel S, Tillequin F, Lallemand MC. Synthesis and cytotoxic activity of psorospermin and acronycine analogues in the 3-propyloxy-acridin-9(10 H )-one and -benzo[ b ]acridin-12(5 H )-one series. Eur J Med Chem 2010; 45:581-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2009.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2009] [Revised: 10/12/2009] [Accepted: 10/22/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Xanthones are simple three-membered ring compounds that are mainly found as secondary metabolites in higher plants and microorganisms. Xanthones have very diverse biological profiles, including antihypertensive, antioxidative, antithrombotic and anticancer activity, depending on their diverse structures, which are modified by substituents on the ring system. Although several reviews have already been published on xanthone compounds, few of them have focused on the anticancer activity of xanthone derivatives. In this review we briefly summarize natural and synthetic xanthone compounds which have potential as anticancer drugs.
Key findings
The interesting structural scaffold and pharmacological importance of xanthone derivatives have led many scientists to isolate or synthesize these compounds as novel drug candidates. In the past, extensive research has been conducted to obtain xanthone derivatives from natural resources as well as through synthetic chemistry. Xanthones interact with various pharmacological targets based on the different substituents on the core ring. The anticancer activities of xanthones are also dramatically altered by the ring substituents and their positions.
Summary
The biological activities of synthetic xanthone derivatives depend on the various substituents and their position. Study of the biological mechanism of action of xanthone analogues, however, has not been conducted extensively compared to the diversity of xanthone compounds. Elucidation of the exact biological target of xanthone compounds will provide better opportunities for these compounds to be developed as potent anticancer drugs. At the same time, modification of natural xanthone derivatives aimed at specific targets is capable of expanding the biological spectrum of xanthone compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younghwa Na
- College of Pharmacy, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, Korea
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Sun HL, Tsai AC, Pan SL, Ding Q, Yamaguchi H, Lin CN, Hung MC, Teng CM. EPOX inhibits angiogenesis by degradation of Mcl-1 through ERK inactivation. Clin Cancer Res 2009; 15:4904-14. [PMID: 19622586 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-09-0269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Antiangiogenic therapy is considered as an effective strategy for controlling the growth and metastasis of tumors. Among a myriad of biological activities described for xanthone derivatives, the anticancer activity is quite remarkable, but the molecular mechanism is not clearly resolved. In the present study, we investigated the antiangiogenic mechanism of 3,6-di(2,3-epoxypropoxy)xanthone (EPOX), a novel Mcl-1 targeting drug. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN To evaluate the antiangiogenic activity of EPOX, we did cell viability, cell cycle, tube formation assay in vitro, and Matrigel plug assay in vivo. To evaluate the effect of EPOX on the endothelial signaling pathway, we did immunoblotting, immunoprecipitation, and immunofluorescence analysis. Intracellular glutathione levels were determined with the use of monochlorobimane, a glutathione-specific probe. RESULTS EPOX induced endothelial cell apoptosis in association with proteasome-dependent Mcl-1 degradation. Down-regulation of Mcl-1 resulted in an increase in Mcl-1-free Bim, activation of Bax, and then signaling of mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. Additionally, glutathione depletion and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) inactivation was observed in EPOX-treated cells. Glutathione supplementation reversed the inhibitory effects of EPOX on ERK, which increases the phosphorylation of Mcl-1 at T(163.) Overexpression of mitogen-activated protein/ERK kinase (MEK) partially reversed the effect of EPOX on Mcl-1 dephosphorylation, ubiquitination, and degradation, further implicating ERK in the regulation of Mcl-1 stability. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence that EPOX induces glutathione depletion, ERK inactivation, and Mcl-1 degradation on endothelial cells, which leads to inhibition of angiogenesis. Our results suggest that EPOX is a novel antiangiogenic agent, making it a promising lead compound for further development in the treatment of angiogenesis-related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Lung Sun
- Pharmacological Institute, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Urbain A, Marston A, Batsuren D, Purev O, Hostettmann K. Preparative isolation of closely-related xanthones from Gentianella amarella ssp. acuta by High-speed countercurrent chromatography. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2008; 19:514-519. [PMID: 18546117 DOI: 10.1002/pca.1077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A methanolic extract from Gentianella amarella ssp. acuta was shown to contain several xanthones exhibiting acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity. These xanthones were difficult to separate by conventional LC techniques, which prevented the isolation of pure compounds in sufficient amounts to perform in-depth biological testing. OBJECTIVE To develop a suitable preparative method for the separation of closely related xanthones. METHODOLOGY The methanolic extract was first partitioned with solvents of increasing polarity, in order to separate glycosides from xanthone aglycones. High-speed countercurrent chromatography (HSCCC) methods were then optimised for the fractionation of both polar and non-polar extracts. RESULTS The use of HSCCC enabled the separation of xanthones which co-eluted by HPLC. Ten closely related xanthones--three of which were isomeric--were successfully isolated by developing suitable solvent systems. All compounds were obtained in sufficient amounts to allow further biological assays (e.g. up to 250 mg), including even minor compounds that were not detectable by analytical HPLC. CONCLUSION The orthogonality of HSCCC with HPLC and the absence of solid-phase supports enabled the detection, separation and preparative isolation of closely related compounds which were difficult to resolve by other techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Urbain
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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CoMFA and CoMSIA studies on a new series of xanthone derivatives against the oral human epidermoid carcinoma (KB) cancer cell line. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-008-0014-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Costa RDJ, Diniz A, Mantovani MS, Jordão BQ. In vitro study of mutagenic potential of Bidens pilosa Linné and Mikania glomerata Sprengel using the comet and micronucleus assays. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2008; 118:86-93. [PMID: 18485638 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2008.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2006] [Revised: 02/13/2008] [Accepted: 03/12/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Teas of Bidens pilosa and Mikania glomerata are popularly consumed to medicinal ends. The capacity to induce DNA damages and mutagenic effects of these teas were evaluated, in vitro, on HTC cells, with comet assay and micronucleus test. The teas tested at various doses were prepared differently: infusion of Mikania glomerata (IM) and Bidens pilosa (IB), macerate of Mikania glomerata in 80% ethanol (MM80) and decoction of Bidens pilosa (DB). In IM and MM80, the quantity of coumarin was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV detection. Methylmethanesulfonate was utilized as positive control, phosphate-buffered saline as negative control, 80% ethanol as solvent control and 2-aminoanthracene as drug metabolism control. The comet assay demonstrated genotoxic effects for both plants. The genotoxic potential of IB was upper than DB, showing dose-response. In the MN test, excepting IM 40 microL/mL, all treatments was not mutagenic. The effects did not show direct relation with cumarin quantity present in IM and MM80. The results demonstrated DNA damages at the highest concentrations of alcoholic macerate (10 and 20 microL/mL) and infusion of Mikania glomerata (20 and 40 microL/mL) and of Bidens pilosa infusion (40 microL/mL). Thus, both dose and preparation-form suggest caution in the phytotherapeutic use of these plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronaldo de Jesus Costa
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Campus Universitário, Londrina, PR, Brazil
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Chen S, Lin L, Chen S, Yang D, Yang J, Xiao P. Quantitative Determination of Nine Xanthones in Polygala caudata and Fingerprinting of Polygala L. by HPLC. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/10826070500274588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shi‐Lin Chen
- a Department of Applied Biology & Chemical Technology , The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Li‐Lin Lin
- a Department of Applied Biology & Chemical Technology , The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Si‐Bao Chen
- a Department of Applied Biology & Chemical Technology , The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Da‐Jian Yang
- b State Key Laboratory in Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology , Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Jun‐Shan Yang
- c Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Pei‐Gen Xiao
- c Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Beijing, P.R. China
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Woo S, Jung J, Lee C, Kwon Y, Na Y. Synthesis of new xanthone analogues and their biological activity test--cytotoxicity, topoisomerase II inhibition, and DNA cross-linking study. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 17:1163-6. [PMID: 17194586 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2006] [Revised: 12/07/2006] [Accepted: 12/11/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In this report, we prepared some 3-(2',3'-epoxypropoxy)xanthones and their epoxide ring opened halohydrin analogues, and evaluated their cytotoxicity and topoisomerase II inhibition activity using doxorubicin and etoposide as references, respectively. Another xanthone compound 9, 1,3-di(2',3'-epoxypropoxy)xanthone, was also synthesized and its DNA cross-linking property including other two biological activities investigated. The biological test results showed compound 9 possessed excellent cytotoxic and topoisomerase II inhibitory activity than other compounds tested. It also exhibited significant DNA cross-linking activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangwook Woo
- College of Pharmacy, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 712-702, Republic of Korea
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Ji X, Avula B, Khan IA. Quantitative and qualitative determination of six xanthones in Garcinia mangostana L. by LC-PDA and LC-ESI-MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2006; 43:1270-6. [PMID: 17129697 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2006.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2006] [Revised: 10/04/2006] [Accepted: 10/17/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new method was developed for the simultaneous analysis of six naturally occurring xanthones (3-isomangostin, 8-desoxygartanin, gartanin, alpha-mangostin, 9-hydroxycalabaxanthone and beta-mangostin). The quantitative determination was conducted by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detector (LC-PDA). Separation was performed on a Phenomenex Luna C18(2) (150 mm x 3.00 mm, 5 microm) column. The xanthones were identified by retention time, ultraviolet (UV) spectra and quantified by LC-PDA at 320 nm. The precision of the method was confirmed by the relative standard deviation (R.S.D.), which was < or =4.6%. The recovery was in the range from 96.58% to 113.45%. A good linear relationship was established in over two orders of magnitude range. The limits of detection (LOD) for six xanthone compounds were < or =0.248 microg/mL. The identity of the peaks was further confirmed by high performance liquid chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-TOF MS) system coupled with electrospray ionization (ESI) interface. The developed methods were applied to the determination of six xanthones in Garcinia mangostana products. The satisfactory results showed that the methods are effective for the analysis of real samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuhong Ji
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
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Liu Y, Zou L, Ma L, Chen WH, Wang B, Xu ZL. Synthesis and pharmacological activities of xanthone derivatives as α-glucosidase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2006; 14:5683-90. [PMID: 16651002 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2006.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2006] [Revised: 04/06/2006] [Accepted: 04/07/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Considerable interest has been attracted in xanthone and its derivatives because of their large variety of pharmacological activities. In this project, a series of hydroxylxanthones and their acetoxy and alkoxy derivatives were synthesized and evaluated as alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, aimed at clarifying the structure-activity correlation. The results indicated that these xanthone derivatives were capable of inhibiting in vitro alpha-glucosidase with moderate to good activities. Among them, polyhydroxylxanthones exhibited the highest activities and thus may be exploitable as a lead compound for the development of potent alpha-glucosidase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
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36
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Pace TCS, Monahan SL, MacRae AI, Kaila M, Bohne C. Photophysics of aminoxanthone derivatives and their application as binding probes for DNA. Photochem Photobiol 2006; 82:78-87. [PMID: 16097858 DOI: 10.1562/2005-05-16-ra-529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Xanthones with amino substituents were synthesized to diminish the photoreactivity of the xanthone chromophore with DNA, with the objective of using these molecules to study their binding dynamics with DNA. The aminoxanthones showed a strong solvatochromic effect on their singlet and triplet excited-state photophysics, where polar solvents led to a decrease of the energies for the excited states. Quenching of the triplet excited states by nitrite anions was used to determine the binding dynamics, and a residence time in the microsecond time domain was estimated for the bound 2-aminoxanthone with DNA. The quenching experiments performed showed that this methodology will not be applicable to study the binding dynamics of a wide variety of guests with DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara C S Pace
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
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37
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Fang LH, Mu YM, Lin LL, Xiao PG, Du GH. Vasorelaxant effect of euxanthone in the rat thoracic aorta. Vascul Pharmacol 2006; 45:96-101. [PMID: 16678494 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2006.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2005] [Revised: 03/17/2006] [Accepted: 03/17/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of euxanthone on isolated rat thoracic aorta. Euxanthone concentration-dependently relaxed high K+-induced sustained contractions with IC50 values of 32.28+/-1.73 microM and this inhibition was antagonized by increasing the Ca2+ concentration in the medium. These results indicated that euxanthone may have calcium antagonistic property. Euxanthone also relaxed norepinephrine (NE)-induced sustained contractions with IC50 values of 32.50+/-2.15 microM and this relaxant effect was unaffected by the removal of endothelium or by the presence of propranolol, indomethacin, glibenclamide or N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine. Moreover, euxanthone inhibited both the phasic and tonic contractions induced by NE in a concentration-dependent manner and showed more potent inhibition on phasic contraction (P < 0.01). Pre-treatment with euxanthone inhibited vascular contraction induced by phorbol 12, 13-dibutyrate (PDBu), a protein kinase C (PKC) agonist, in either the presence or absence of Ca2+ in the solution with IC50 values of 20.15+/-1.56 and 18.30+/-1.62 microM, respectively. However, when the tissues were treated with euxanthone after the PDBu-induced contraction had reached a steady state, the tension was not affected by euxanthone. This study also showed that the inhibitory effect of pre-treatment of euxanthone was more potent than the post-treatment after the tension had reached a steady state. These results suggested that the vasorelaxation of euxanthone may be through multiple pathways involved PKC-mediated signal pathway and calcium-independent pathway besides the direct inhibition of calcium influx and its vasorelaxant effect is more active on calcium-independent pathway and more sensitive to the initial stage of contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian-Hua Fang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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38
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Ha WY, Wu PK, Kok TW, Leung KW, Mak NK, Yue PYK, Ngai SM, Tsai SN, Wong RNS. Involvement of protein kinase C and E2F-5 in euxanthone-induced neurite differentiation of neuroblastoma. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2006; 38:1393-401. [PMID: 16546434 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2006.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2005] [Revised: 01/25/2006] [Accepted: 02/06/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Euxanthone, a neuritogenic agent isolated from the medicinal herb Polygala caudata, has been shown to induce morphological differentiation and neurite outgrowth in murine neuroblastoma Neuro 2a cells (BU-1 subclone). In order to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of euxanthone-induced neurite outgrowth, a proteomic approach was employed. In the present study, two dimensional (2-D) gel electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight (MALDI-ToF) mass spectrometry were performed to investigate the alterations in protein expression profile of euxanthone-treated BU-1 cells. Fourteen identified proteins were changed in expression levels after induction of neurite growth. These proteins included participants in transcription and cell cycle regulation, calcium influx and calcium signaling, fatty acid metabolism, cytoskeleton reorganization, casein kinase signal transduction, putative transbilayer amphipath transport and protein biosynthesis. Among the 14 identified proteins, E2F transcription factor 5 (E2F-5) was significantly up-regulated after euxanthone treatment. Go6976, a protein kinase C (PKC) alpha/betaI inhibitor, was found to inhibit neuritogenesis and expression of E2F-5 in the euxanthone-treated BU-1 cells, while SH-6, the Akt/PKB inhibitor, had no inhibitory effect. The gene silencing of E2F-5 by small interfering RNA (siRNA) was found to abolish the euxanthone-induced neurite outgrowth. In conclusion, these results indicated that the transcription factor E2F-5 was actively involved in the regulation of euxanthone-induced neurite outgrowth via PKC pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai Yan Ha
- Research and Development Division, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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39
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Pinto DCGA, Silva AMS, Brito CM, Sandulache A, Carrillo JR, Prieto P, Díaz-Ortiz A, de la Hoz A, Cavaleiro JAS. Reactivity of 3-Styrylchromones as Dienes in Diels-Alder Reactions under Microwave Irradiation: A New Synthesis of Xanthones. European J Org Chem 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200500073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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40
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Saraiva L, Fresco P, Pinto E, Sousa E, Pinto M, Gonçalves J. Inhibition of protein kinase C by synthetic xanthone derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem 2003; 11:1215-25. [PMID: 12628649 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(02)00641-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The modulatory activity of two xanthones (3,4-dihydroxyxanthone and 1-formyl-4-hydroxy-3-methoxyxanthone) on isoforms alpha, betaI, delta, eta and zeta of protein kinase C (PKC) was evaluated using an in vivo yeast phenotypic assay. Both xanthones caused an effect compatible with PKC inhibition, similar to that elicited by known PKC inhibitors (chelerythrine and NPC 15437). PKC inhibition caused by xanthones was confirmed using an in vitro kinase assay. The yeast phenotypic assay revealed that xanthones present differences on their potency towards the distinct PKC isoforms tested. It is concluded that 3,4-dihydroxyxanthone and 1-formyl-4-hydroxy-3-methoxyxanthone may become useful PKC inhibitors and xanthone derivatives can be explored to develop new isoform-selective PKC inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucília Saraiva
- Serviço de Farmacologia, CEQOFFUP, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, rua Ani;bal Cunha, 164, 4050-047, Porto, Portugal
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41
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Pedro M, Cerqueira F, Sousa ME, Nascimento MSJ, Pinto M. Xanthones as inhibitors of growth of human cancer cell lines and their effects on the proliferation of human lymphocytes in vitro. Bioorg Med Chem 2002; 10:3725-30. [PMID: 12413829 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(02)00379-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Twenty-seven oxygenated xanthones have been assessed for their capacity to inhibit in vitro the growth of three human cancer cell lines, MCF-7 (breast cancer), TK-10 (renal cancer) and UACC-62 (melanoma). The effect of these xanthones on the proliferation of human T-lymphocytes was also evaluated. Differences on their potency towards the effect on the growth of the human cancer cell lines as well as on the proliferation of human T-lymphocytes can be ascribed to the nature and positions of the substituents on the xanthonic nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madalena Pedro
- Centro de Estudos de Química Orgânica, Fitoquímica e Farmacologia da Universidade do Porto, Faculdade de Farmácia, Porto, Portugal.
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42
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Sandulache A, Silva AM, Cavaleiro JA. Diels–Alder reactions of chromone-3-carboxaldehydes with ortho-benzoquinodimethane. New synthesis of benzo[b]xanthones. Tetrahedron 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)01131-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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43
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Mak NK, Li WK, Zhang M, Wong RN, Tai LS, Yung KK, Leung HW. Effects of euxanthone on neuronal differentiation. Life Sci 2000; 66:347-54. [PMID: 10665986 DOI: 10.1016/s0024-3205(99)00596-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The growth inhibitory and differentiation inducing effects of euxanthone (1,7-dihydroxyxanthone) from the medicinal plant Polygala caudata on the neuroblastoma (Neural 2A, subclone BU-1) were investigated. At the concentration range of 0-100 microM, euxanthone inhibits the growth of BU-1 cells in a dose dependent manner. The 50% growth inhibitory concentration (IC50) was 41 microM. Significant induction of morphological differentiation and neurite growth was observed at the concentration of 100 microM. Frequency of proliferative neuroblastoma cells was determined after induction of differentiation. The frequency of proliferating BU-1 cells was markedly reduced from 1/1.1 to <1/99. Confocal microscopy also confirmed that the morphological differentiation of BU-1 was associated with the expression of neurite specific marker MAP-2 protein in neurites. These data suggest that euxanthone may be one of the neuropharmacological active compounds in the medicinal plant Polygala caudata.
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Affiliation(s)
- N K Mak
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong
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44
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da Costa CT, Margolis SA, Benner BA, Horton D. Comparison of methods for extraction of flavanones and xanthones from the root bark of the osage orange tree using liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(98)00937-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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45
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Ito C, Itoigawa M, Furukawa H, Rao KS, Enjo F, Bu P, Takayasu J, Tokuda H, Nishino H. Xanthones as inhibitors of Epstein-Barr virus activation. Cancer Lett 1998; 132:113-7. [PMID: 10397461 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3835(98)00173-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
To search for possible antitumor promoters, we carried out a primary screening of 20 xanthones isolated from plants of the Guttiferae family, using their possible inhibitory effects on Epstein-Barr virus early antigen (EBV-EA) activation induced by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) in Raji cells. Some of these xanthones, namely 1,3,7-trihydroxy-2-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)xanthone (8), dulxanthone-B (10) and latisxanthone-C (15), were observed to significantly inhibit the EBV-EA activation. The investigation indicated that 8, 10 and 15 might be valuable antitumor promoters.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ito
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan
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