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Ahmad MAB, Lee LC, Mohd Rosdi NAN, Abd Hamid NB, Ishak AA, Sino H. Comparing baseline correction algorithms in discriminating brownish soils from five proximity locations based on UPLC and PLS-DA methods. Forensic Sci Res 2023; 8:313-320. [PMID: 38405627 PMCID: PMC10894064 DOI: 10.1093/fsr/owad045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Soil is commonly collected from an outdoor crime scene, and thus it is helpful in linking a suspect and a victim to a crime scene. The chemical profiles of soils can be acquired via chemical instruments such as Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC). However, the UPLC chromatogram often interferes with an unstable baseline. In this paper, we compared the performance of five baseline correction (BC) algorithms, i.e. asymmetric least squares (AsLS), fill peak, iterative restricted least squares, median window (MW), and modified polynomial fitting, in discriminating 30 chromatograms of brownish soils by five locations of origin, i.e. PP, HK, KU, BL, and KB. The performances of the preprocessed sub-datasets were first visually inspected through the mean chromatograms and then further explored via scores plots of principal component analysis (PCA). Eventually, the predictive performances of the partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) models estimated from 1 000 pairs of training and testing samples (i.e. prepared via iterative random resampling split at 75:25) were studied to identify the best BC method. Mean raw chromatograms of the 10 soil samples were different from each other, with evident fluctuated baselines. AsLS and MW corrected chromatograms demonstrated the most significant improvement compared with the raw counterpart. Meanwhile, the scores plot of PCA revealed that most of the sub-datasets produced three separate clusters. Then, the sub-datasets were modelled via the PLS-DA technique. MW emerged as the excellent BC method based on the mean prediction accuracy estimated using 1 000 pairs of training and testing samples. In conclusion, MW outperformed the other BC methods in correcting the UPLC data of soil. Key points UPLC data of soil interfere with baseline drifts.BC can improve the quality of the pixel-level UPLC data.MW emerges as the most desired algorithm in improving the quality of UPLC data of soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhamad Adib bin Ahmad
- Forensic Science Program, CODTIS, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Loong Chuen Lee
- Forensic Science Program, CODTIS, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
- Institute of IR 4.0, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nur Ain Najihah Mohd Rosdi
- Forensic Science Program, CODTIS, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nadirah Binti Abd Hamid
- Forensic Science Program, CODTIS, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ab Aziz Ishak
- Forensic Science Program, CODTIS, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hukil Sino
- Forensic Science Program, CODTIS, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
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Wang X, Liu H, Shu L, Yao Y, Xu Y, Wei J, Li Y. Rapid identification of chemical constituents in Hugan tablets by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-exactive orbitrap mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2023; 46:e2300302. [PMID: 37568249 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Hugan tablet is a Chinese medicine preparation. It is composed of Bupleuri Radix, Artemisiae Scopariae Herba, Isatidis Radix, Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus, Suis Fellis Pulvis, and Vigna radiata L. It has the effects of dispersing stagnated liver qi, strengthening the spleen and eliminating food to be used for the treatment of chronic hepatitis and early cirrhosis. However, the chemical composition of Hugan tablet is complex and not fully understood, which hampers the research in pharmacology. In this study, a reliable method for the rapid analysis and identification of the chemical components in Hugan tablet by their characteristic fragments and neutral losses using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-exactive orbitrap mass spectrometry was developed. A total of 144 chemical components were tentatively identified, including 57 organic acids, 19 flavonoids, 23 alkaloids, 18 lignans, 7 saponins, and 20 others. These components may be the active ingredients of Hugan tablet. The established method can systematically and rapidly analyze the chemical components in Hugan tablet, which provides a basis for the pharmacodynamic substance study and is meaningful for the quality control of Hugan tablet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Huiru Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Lexin Shu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Yaqi Yao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Yanyan Xu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Jinxia Wei
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Yubo Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
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Wang SH, Wang JP, Wu NP. Determination of 35 sulfonamides in pork by magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer-based dispersive solid-phase extraction and ultra-performance liquid chromatography photodiode array method. J Sci Food Agric 2023; 103:1954-1963. [PMID: 36347630 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sulfonamide residues in foods of animal origin are potential risks to consumer health, so it is very important to inspect them. Among the previously reported instrumental methods, the best method can only be used to determine at most 22 sulfonamides. Thus, an instrumental method capable of determining more sulfonamide species is desirable. RESULTS In this study, sulfadoxine was used as a template to synthesize a type of magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer that could recognize 35 sulfonamides. After characterization, this composite was used to develop a dispersive solid-phase extraction method for extraction and purification of the 35 sulfonamides in pork, followed by determination using an ultra-performance liquid chromatography photodiode array method. This composite exhibited high adsorption capacity (11.01-19.21 μg mg-1 ) and high recovery (>89.01%), and could be reused at least ten times. Due to the enrichment effect during sample preparation (enrichment factor 22-66), the limits of detection for determination of the 35 drugs in pork were in the range of 0.08-0.53 ng g-1 . The detection results for some real pork samples were consistent with a liquid chromatographic-tandem mass spectrometric method. After comparison, the present method showed generally better performances than the previously reported sample preparation methods and instrumental methods for detection of sulfonamides. CONCLUSION The method developed in the present study could be used as a practical tool for routine detection of sulfonamide residues in pork samples. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Han Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Jian Ping Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
- Veterinary Biological Technology Innovation Center of Hebei Province, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Ning Peng Wu
- Henan Institute of Veterinary Drug and Feed Control, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Lee MH, Choi C, Kim KH, Son JH, Lee GE, Choi JY, Kang CS, Shon J, Ko JM, Kim KM. Generation of Wheat Near-Isogenic Lines Overexpressing 1Bx7 Glutenin with Increased Protein Contents and SDS-Sedimentation Values. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:1244. [PMID: 36986938 PMCID: PMC10051937 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Overexpression of Glu-1Bx7 via allele 1Bx7OE significantly contributes to high dough strength in some wheat varieties and is useful for improving wheat quality. However, the proportion of wheat varieties containing Bx7OE is quite low. In this study, four cultivars containing 1Bx7OE were selected, and among the selected varieties, Chisholm (1Ax2*, 1Bx7OE + 1By8*, and 1Dx5 + 1Dx10) was crossed with Keumkang, a wheat variety that contains 1Bx7 (1Ax2*, 1Bx7 + 1By8, and 1Dx5 + 1Dx10). SDS-PAGE and UPLC analyses showed that the expression of the high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit (HMW-GS) 1Bx7 was significantly higher in NILs (1Ax2*, 1Bx7OE + 1By8*, and 1Dx5 + 1Dx10) compared with that in Keumkang. Wheat quality was analyzed with near infrared reflectance spectroscopy by measuring the protein content and SDS-sedimentation of NILs. The protein content of NILs (12.94%) was 21.65% higher than that of Chisholm (10.63%) and 4.54% higher than that of Keumkang (12.37%). In addition, the SDS-sedimentation value of NILs (44.29 mL) was 14.97% and 16.44% higher than that of Keumkang (38.52 mL) and Chisholm (38.03 mL), respectively. This study predicts that the quality of domestic wheat can be improved by crossbreeding with 1Bx7OE-containing cultivars.
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Alodaib AN, Nimer RM, Alhumaidy R, Alhenaky A, Abdel Jabar M, AlMalki RH, Abdel Rahman AM. Biomarker discovery in galactosemia: Metabolomics with UPLC/HRMS in dried blood spots. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1154149. [PMID: 37081853 PMCID: PMC10110906 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1154149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction:Galactosemia (GAL) is a genetic disorder that results in disturbances in galactose metabolism and can lead to life-threatening complications. However, the underlying pathophysiology of long-term complications in GAL remains poorly understood. Methods: In this study, a metabolomics approach using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry was used to investigate metabolomic changes in dried blood spots of 15 patients with GAL and 39 healthy individuals. Results: The study found that 2,819 metabolites underwent significant changes in patients with GAL compared to the control group. 480 human endogenous metabolites were identified, of which 209 and 271 were upregulated and downregulated, respectively. PA (8:0/LTE4) and ganglioside GT1c (d18:0/20:0) metabolites showed the most significant difference between GAL and the healthy group, with an area under the curve of 1 and 0.995, respectively. Additionally, the study identified potential biomarkers for GAL, such as 17-alpha-estradiol-3-glucuronide and 16-alpha-hydroxy DHEA 3-sulfatediphosphate. Conclusion: This metabolomics study deepened the understanding of the pathophysiology of GAL and presented potential biomarkers that might serve as prognostic biomarkers to monitor the progression or support the clinical diagnosis of GAL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad N. Alodaib
- Metabolomics Section, Department of Clinical Genomics, Center for Genomics Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSHRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Al Faisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Refat M. Nimer
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Rowan Alhumaidy
- Metabolomics Section, Department of Clinical Genomics, Center for Genomics Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSHRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa Alhenaky
- Metabolomics Section, Department of Clinical Genomics, Center for Genomics Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSHRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mai Abdel Jabar
- Metabolomics Section, Department of Clinical Genomics, Center for Genomics Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSHRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem H. AlMalki
- Metabolomics Section, Department of Clinical Genomics, Center for Genomics Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSHRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anas M. Abdel Rahman
- Metabolomics Section, Department of Clinical Genomics, Center for Genomics Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSHRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Al Faisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Anas M. Abdel Rahman,
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Ghanem SE, Abdel-Samiee M, El-Said H, Youssef MI, ElZohry HA, Abdelsameea E, Moaz I, Abdelwahab SF, Elaskary SA, Zaher EM, Helal ML. Evaluation of Amino Acids Profile as Non-Invasive Biomarkers of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Egyptians. Trop Med Infect Dis 2022; 7:tropicalmed7120437. [PMID: 36548692 PMCID: PMC9786038 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed7120437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most dangerous complication of chronic liver disease. It is a multifactorial complicated disease. Hepatitis C and hepatitis B viruses (HCV and HBV, respectively) represent the main causes of HCC in Egypt. Early diagnosis is very important to aid in early intervention. OBJECTIVES The goal of this research is to evaluate the metabolic role of different amino acids as non-invasive biomarkers over the course of HCC. METHODS This study included 302 participants with 97 diagnosed, untreated HCC patients, 81 chronic HCV patients, 56 chronic HBV patients, 18 co-infected patients, and a control group of 50 normal age and gender-matched individuals. All participants provided complete medical histories and underwent complete clinical examinations, abdominal ultrasonography and/or computed tomography, routine laboratory investigations, estimation of serum α-fetoprotein, and determination of amino acid levels using ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC MS/MS). RESULTS This work revealed a decline in branched chain amino acids (BCAA) and increase in aromatic amino acids (AAA) among infected groups (HCC, HBV, HCV, and co-infected patients) compared to control subjects and a marked change in Fisher's and the BCAAs/tyrosine molar concentration ratios (BTR) between controls and infected groups. CONCLUSION Different amino acids could be used as non-invasive markers to discriminate and follow chronic hepatitis patients to predict the course of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar Ebrahim Ghanem
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 32511, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abdel-Samiee
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 32511, Egypt
- Correspondence:
| | - Hala El-Said
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 32511, Egypt
| | - Mohamed I. Youssef
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt
| | - Hassan Ahmed ElZohry
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 32511, Egypt
| | - Eman Abdelsameea
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 32511, Egypt
| | - Inas Moaz
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 32511, Egypt
| | - Sayed F. Abdelwahab
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Taif College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shymaa A. Elaskary
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 32511, Egypt
| | - Eman Mohammed Zaher
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 32511, Egypt
| | - Marwa Lotfy Helal
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 32511, Egypt
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Pelzer CV, Houriet J, Crandall WJ, Todd DA, Cech NB, Jones DD. More Than Just a Weed: An Exploration of the Antimicrobial Activity of Rumex crispus using a Multivariate Data Analysis Approach. Planta Med 2022; 88:753-761. [PMID: 34695862 PMCID: PMC9035478 DOI: 10.1055/a-1652-1547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plants have a long history of use for their medicinal properties. The complexity of botanical extracts presents unique challenges and necessitates the application of innovative approaches to correctly identify and quantify bioactive compounds. For this study, we used untargeted metabolomics to explore the antimicrobial activity of Rumex crispus (yellow dock), a member of the Polygonaceae family used as an herbal remedy for bacterial infections. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution mass-spectrometry (UPLC-MS) was used to identify and quantify the known antimicrobial compound emodin. In addition, we used biochemometric approaches to integrate data measuring antimicrobial activity from R. crispus root starting material and fractions against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) with UPLC-MS data. Our results support the hypothesis that multiple constituents, including the anthraquinone emodin, contribute to the antimicrobial activity of R. crispus against MRSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal V. Pelzer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro NC
| | - Joëlle Houriet
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro NC
| | - William J. Crandall
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro NC
| | - Daniel A. Todd
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro NC
| | - Nadja B. Cech
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro NC
| | - Derick D. Jones
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro NC
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago IL
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8
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Wang SH, Ma N, Zang XH, Zhang SH, Wang JP, Wu NP. Determination of fluoroquinolones in chicken muscle by molecularly imprinted graphitic carbon nitride-based solid-phase extraction and ultra-performance liquid chromatography. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2022; 39:901-911. [PMID: 35312418 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2022.2037728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A graphitic carbon nitride was synthesised and nalidixic acid (NA) based molecularly imprinted microspheres (MIMs) were polymerised on its surface to create a composite material. After characterisation and evaluation of its absorption ability, the composite was used to prepare a solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridge for purification of fluoroquinolones in chicken muscle, analysed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography. The cartridge showed high absorption capacities (378-559 μg) and high recoveries (92.1-99.4%) for eight fluoroquinolones, and could be reused at least 20 times. The limits of detection for the 8 drugs were 0.2-0.8 ng g-1, and recoveries from standard fortified blank chicken muscle samples were 71.9-96.8%. This is the first study reporting the use of molecularly imprinted graphitic carbon nitride composite to determine the residue of veterinary drug in foods of animal origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Han Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, PR China
| | - Ning Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, PR China
| | - Xiao Huan Zang
- College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, PR China
| | - Shuai Hua Zhang
- College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, PR China
| | - Jian Ping Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, PR China.,Veterinary Biological Technology Innovation Center, Baoding, PR China
| | - Ning Peng Wu
- Henan Institute of Veterinary Drug and Feed Control, Zhengzhou, PR China
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Ibrahima T, Hegazy M, Hela AE. Profiling of Biologically Active Metabolites of Spergula fallax L. Using High-Resolution UPLC-QTOF- MS. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2022; 23:1758-1771. [PMID: 35139788 DOI: 10.2174/1389201023666220209125306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medicinal plants are recognized to have a wide range of important biological activities, Spergula fallax L. is a well-known plant while phytochemical and biological activities screening of the species are rare. OBJECTIVE This study aims to evaluate the antioxidant, anticáncer, antimicrobial, and antiviral activities of the methanol extract (ME) of the aerial parts of Spergula fallax L. and its successive fractions; n-hexane (HF), ethyl acetate (EAF) and n-butanol (BF) fractions and identify their biologically active metabolites. METHOD Ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled to quadrupole high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry (QTOF-MS) was utilized to establish the metabolic profile of Sergula fallax L. Total phenol and flavonoids content were determined colorimetrically using Folin Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride reagents, respectively. 1,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) was utilized for estimation of antioxidant activity, cytotoxic activity was determined on Hep-G2, HCT-116 and MCF-7 cell lines and agar diffusion method was used for screening of antimicrobial activity while cytopathic effect inhibition assay was utilized for antiviral assay. RESULTS Twenty-eight metabolites were identified, flavonoids were predominated (26), it was characterized by the presence of four main aglycones (Apigenin, luteolin, quercetin and kaempferol) with their O and/or C-glycosides based on its MS fragments. ME and EAF significantly scavenged DPPH in a dose-dependent manner with IC50 16.99 and 18.74 µg.mL-1, respectively. Among the tested samples, only ME and EAF showed significant cytotoxic activity against the tested cell lines with IC50 ranging from 5.541- 9.509 µg.mL-1. All tested samples significantly inhibited the growth of the tested bacterial strains with inhibition zone diameters ranging from 11.2- 26.4 mm and showed a wide range antiviral activity. CONCLUSION Generally, S. fallax is potentially bioactive as evident by antioxidant, cytotoxic, antibacterial, and antiviral assays. These activities are correlated with its identified metabolites. The results proved that S. fallax has promising medicinal activities and would be examined in future clinical trials for herbal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taghreed Ibrahima
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11549, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mostafa Hegazy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11371, Egypt
| | - Atef El- Hela
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11371, Egypt
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10
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Li J, Ma J, Li Q, Fan S, Fan L, Ma H, Zhang Y, Zheng L. Determination of 35 Free Amino Acids in Tea Using Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled With Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. Front Nutr 2021; 8:767801. [PMID: 34957181 PMCID: PMC8697017 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.767801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to develop a simple, sensitive, and accurate method for simultaneous determination of 35 free amino acids using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS). Tea samples were extracted with boiling water bath, and then separated by XBridge BEH Amide column by gradient elution. The exact mass and MS/MS spectra of the target compound was detected under the TOF–MS and Information dependent acquisition (IDA)–MS/MS mode. The results demonstrated good linearity (R2 > 0.9980) in the range of 0.5–1,000 ng/mL. The limits of detection (LODs) were 0.13–25.00 mg/kg and the limits of quantitation (LOQs) were 0.25–50.00 mg/kg. The recovery rate ranged from 70.1 to 105.1% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) <11% (n = 6). This research provides a targeted strategy for developing an analysis method for amino acids in tea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China.,College of Applied Arts and Science, Beijing Union University, Beijing, China
| | - Junmei Ma
- Hebei Food Safety Key Laboratory, Hebei Food Inspection and Research Institute, Shijiazhuang, China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Hebei Food Safety Key Laboratory, Hebei Food Inspection and Research Institute, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Sufang Fan
- Hebei Food Safety Key Laboratory, Hebei Food Inspection and Research Institute, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lixin Fan
- Hebei Food Safety Key Laboratory, Hebei Food Inspection and Research Institute, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hongyu Ma
- Hebei Food Safety Key Laboratory, Hebei Food Inspection and Research Institute, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Hebei Food Safety Key Laboratory, Hebei Food Inspection and Research Institute, Shijiazhuang, China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lei Zheng
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
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11
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Fan S, Li B, Tian Y, Feng W, Niu L. Comprehensive characterization and identification of chemical constituents in Yangwei decoction using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2021; 45:1006-1019. [PMID: 34962084 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Yangwei decoction, a classical traditional Chinese medicine prescription, has been widely used to treat exogenous cold and internal injury with damp stagnation for many centuries. However, its systematic chemical profiling remains ambiguous, which has hampered the interpretation of pharmacology and the mechanism of its formula. In the present study, a ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry method was successfully established for the first time to separate and identify the complicated components of Yangwei decoction. The accurate mass data of the protonated molecules, deprotonated molecules, and fragment ions were detected in positive and negative ion modes. A total of 226 compounds in Yangwei decoction were tentatively identified and unambiguously characterized by comparing their retention times and mass spectrometry data with those of reference standards and literature, including 24 lignans, 18 alkaloids, 9 phenylpropanoid glycosides, 76 flavonoids, 59 triterpenoids, 17 organic acids, 7 gingerols, 8 lactones, and 8 other compounds. The present study provides a novel method of constituents characterization for well-known Chinese medicine prescriptions. The study aims to lay a robust foundation for future research, providing the holistic quality control and pharmacology of Yangwei decoction. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaishuai Fan
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Hebei, P. R. China
| | - Baolin Li
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Hebei, P. R. China.,Hebei TCM Formula Granule Technology Innovation Center & TCM Formula Granule Research Center of Hebei Province University & TCM Quality Evaluation and Standardization Engineering Research Center, Hebei, P. R. China
| | - Yurou Tian
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Hebei, P. R. China.,Hebei TCM Formula Granule Technology Innovation Center & TCM Formula Granule Research Center of Hebei Province University & TCM Quality Evaluation and Standardization Engineering Research Center, Hebei, P. R. China
| | - Wei Feng
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Hebei, P. R. China.,Hebei TCM Formula Granule Technology Innovation Center & TCM Formula Granule Research Center of Hebei Province University & TCM Quality Evaluation and Standardization Engineering Research Center, Hebei, P. R. China
| | - Liying Niu
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Hebei, P. R. China.,Hebei TCM Formula Granule Technology Innovation Center & TCM Formula Granule Research Center of Hebei Province University & TCM Quality Evaluation and Standardization Engineering Research Center, Hebei, P. R. China
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12
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Dinç E, Ertekin ZC, Büker E. A novel strategy on the spectrochromatographic analysis of a quaternary mixture by parallel factor analysis model. Biomed Chromatogr 2021; 36:e5295. [PMID: 34877675 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Poor chromatographic resolution is one of the main challenges in chromatographic analysis. Partially separated chromatographic peaks frequently occur, due to the nature of analytes and the demand for fast analysis using high flow rates and shorter columns. Modeling of chromatographic three-way data using suitable chemometric tools enables determining co-eluted peaks without using additional experimental efforts. In this paper, parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) was applied to chromatographic data for the quantitative resolution of a quaternary mixture at the co-elution condition of acetaminophen, aspirin, ascorbic acid, and guaifenesin in a spectrochromatogram. The spectrochromatograms of the calibration set, validation set, and real samples were arranged as a three-way array. In the next step, the PARAFAC model was implemented to decompose the spectrochromatographic array into trilinear components, corresponding to spectral, chromatographic, and relative concentration profiles of the analytes. The chromatographic and spectral modes were used for the qualitative analysis of components, whereas the analytes in commercial tablets were quantified from their individual profiles in their concentration mode. This study indicated that the application of the PARAFAC model provided a novel strategy for determining overlapping peaks in a chromatogram to perform the analysis of multicomponent mixtures with reduced runtime and without additional efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdal Dinç
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Zehra Ceren Ertekin
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Eda Büker
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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13
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Afonso Urich JA, Marko V, Boehm K, Lara García RA, Jeremic D, Paudel A. Development and Validation of a Stability-Indicating UPLC Method for the Determination of Hexoprenaline in Injectable Dosage Form Using AQbD Principles. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216597. [PMID: 34771005 PMCID: PMC8587854 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel and efficient stability-indicating, reverse phase ultra-performance liquid chromatographic (UPLC®) analytical method was developed and validated for the determination of hexoprenaline in an injectable dosage form. The development of the method was performed using analytical quality by design (AQbD) principles, which are aligned with the future requirements from the regulatory agencies using AQbD principles. The method was developed by assessing the impact of ion pairing, the chromatographic column, pH and gradient elution. The development was achieved with a Waters Acquity HSS T3 (50 × 2.1 mm i.d., 1.8 µm) column at ambient temperature, using sodium dihydrogen phosphate 5 mM + octane-1-sulphonic acid sodium salt 10 mM buffer pH 3.0 (Solution A) and acetonitrile (Solution B) as mobile phases in gradient elution (t = 0 min, 5% B; t = 1 min, 5% B; t = 5 min, 50% B; t = 7 min, 5% B; t = 10 min, 5% B) at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min and UV detection of 280 nm. The linearity was proven for hexoprenaline over a concentration range of 3.50-6.50 µg/mL (R2 = 0.9998). Forced degradation studies were performed by subjecting the samples to hydrolytic (acid and base), oxidative, and thermal stress conditions. Standard solution stability was also performed. The proposed validated method was successfully used for the quantitative analysis of bulk, stability and injectable dosage form samples of the desired drug product. Using the AQbD principles, it is possible to generate methodologies with enhanced knowledge, which can eventually lead to a reduced regulatory risk, high quality data and lower operational costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Alberto Afonso Urich
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, 8010 Graz, Austria; (J.A.A.U.); (V.M.); (K.B.); (R.A.L.G.)
| | - Viktoria Marko
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, 8010 Graz, Austria; (J.A.A.U.); (V.M.); (K.B.); (R.A.L.G.)
| | - Katharina Boehm
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, 8010 Graz, Austria; (J.A.A.U.); (V.M.); (K.B.); (R.A.L.G.)
| | | | - Dalibor Jeremic
- Department of Health Studies-Biomedical Science, FH JOANNEUM, 8020 Graz, Austria;
| | - Amrit Paudel
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, 8010 Graz, Austria; (J.A.A.U.); (V.M.); (K.B.); (R.A.L.G.)
- Institute of Process and Particle Engineering, Graz University of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-316-873-30912
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14
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Chen X, Shi BL, Qi RZ, Chang X, Zheng HG. Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics for Discovering Potential Biomarkers and Metabolic Pathways of Colorectal Cancer in Mouse Model (ApcMin/+) and Revealing the Effect of Honokiol. Front Oncol 2021; 11:671014. [PMID: 34589420 PMCID: PMC8473824 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.671014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Endogenous metabolites are a class of molecules playing diverse and significant roles in many metabolic pathways for disease. Honokiol (HNK), an active poly-phenolic compound, has shown potent anticancer activities. However, the detailed crucial mechanism regulated by HNK in colorectal cancer remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the therapeutic effects and the underlying molecular mechanisms of HNK on colorectal cancer in a mouse model (ApcMin/+) by analyzing the urine metabolic profile based on metabolomics, which is a powerful tool for characterizing metabolic disturbances. We found that potential urine biomarkers were involved in the metabolism of compounds such as purines, tyrosines, tryptophans, etc. Moreover, we showed that a total of 27 metabolites were the most contribution biomarkers for intestinal tumors, and we found that the citrate cycle (TCA cycle) was regulated by HNK. In addition, it was suggested that the efficacy of HNK was achieved by affecting the multi-pathway system via influencing relevant metabolic pathways and regulating metabolic function. Our work also showed that high-throughput metabolomics can characterize the regulation of metabolic disorders as a therapeutic strategy to prevent colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bo-lun Shi
- Department of Oncology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Run-zhi Qi
- Department of Oncology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Chang
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-gang Zheng
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Oncology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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15
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Peña-Lorenzo D, Rebollo N, Sánchez-Hernández JG, Zarzuelo-Castañeda A. Comparison of ultra-performance liquid chromatography and ARK immunoassay for therapeutic drug monitoring of voriconazole. Ann Clin Biochem 2021; 58:657-660. [PMID: 34482744 DOI: 10.1177/00045632211041887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of voriconazole is recommended for personalizing doses. The objective of this study was to compare the enzyme immunoassay developed by ARKTM Diagnostics Inc. for the quantification of voriconazole adapted to the Architect C4000 autoanalyzer (Abbott®) with ultra-performance liquid chromatography using ultraviolet detector (UPLC-UV) method. MATERIALS AND METHODS Linearity, precision and accuracy of both methods were validated according to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European Medicines Agency guidelines. The limit of quantification (LOQ) of the UPLC-UV method was determined experimentally. Both methods were applied to the analysis of 62 samples from patients. Correlation was evaluated by Passing-Bablok analysis and the concordance by the Bland-Altman method. Dosage recommendations were generated; the discordances according to the technique were evaluated. RESULTS All validation parameters determined for UPLC-UV met the criteria set out and LOQ of 0.1 μg/mL was established. However, when the enzyme immunoassay was used to determine concentrations ≤1 μg/ml, CVs were >20%. A linear correlation between both methods was found. However, an overestimation of immunoassay (systematic error of 0.39 μg/mL) was detected. In 11.3% of the samples, the differences in concentrations when they were determined by different techniques would imply a different therapeutic regime. These samples had concentrations close to 1 μg/mL. CONCLUSION Although both techniques can be used for TDM of voriconazole, when a value close to the lower limit of the therapeutic range is determined by the ARKTM immunoassay, it would be better to verify the result by a non-automated technique to avoid possible underdosing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Peña-Lorenzo
- Pharmacy Service, 37479University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Noemi Rebollo
- Pharmacy Service, 37479University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 37479University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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16
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Liu L, Deng J, Yang Q, Wei C, Liu B, Zhang H, Xin H, Pan S, Liu Z, Wang D, Pang Y, Chen X, Gao L, Zheng J, Liu R, Jin Q. Urinary proteomic analysis to identify a potential protein biomarker panel for the diagnosis of tuberculosis. IUBMB Life 2021; 73:1073-1083. [PMID: 34048129 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and is one of the primary causes of death worldwide. Rapid and accurate diagnosis of TB is one of the most direct means to reduce the incidence of TB. In this study, urinary proteomic profiling of TB patients and non-TB individual controls (HCs) was performed, and differentially expressed urinary proteins between TB and HCs were compared and exclusively expressed proteins in TB patients were selected to establish a clinically useful disease marker panel. In total, these top 11 targeted proteins with 265 peptides were scheduled for multiple reaction monitoring validation analysis by using urine samples from 52 TB patients and 52 HCs. The result demonstrated that a three-protein combination out of the five-protein panel (namely P22352, Q9P121, P15151, Q13291, and Q8NDA2) exhibited sensitivity rate of 82.7% in the diagnosis of TB. Furthermore, the three-protein combination could differentiate TB from the latent tuberculosis (LTB) effectively, which exhibited specificity rate of 92.3% for the diagnosis of TB from the LTB category. Although more numbers of clinical samples are required for further verification, the results provided preliminary evidence that this "three-protein combination" out of the five-protein panel could probably be a novel TB diagnostic biomarker in clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liguo Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Center for Tuberculosis Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaheng Deng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Center for Tuberculosis Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qianting Yang
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Guangdong Key Lab for Diagnosis and Treatment of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Candong Wei
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Center for Tuberculosis Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Center for Tuberculosis Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Haoran Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Center for Tuberculosis Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Henan Xin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Center for Tuberculosis Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shouguo Pan
- Center for Diseases Control and Prevention of Zhongmu County, Zhongmu, China
| | - Zisen Liu
- Center for Diseases Control and Prevention of Zhongmu County, Zhongmu, China
| | - Dakuan Wang
- Center for Diseases Control and Prevention of Zhongmu County, Zhongmu, China
| | - Yu Pang
- Department of Tuberculosis, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xinchun Chen
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lei Gao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Center for Tuberculosis Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jianhua Zheng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Center for Tuberculosis Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Rongmei Liu
- Department of Tuberculosis, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Jin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Center for Tuberculosis Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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17
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Adua E, Memarian E, Afrifa-Yamoah E, Russell A, Trbojević-Akmačić I, Gudelj I, Jurić J, Roberts P, Lauc G, Wang W. N-glycosylation profiling of Type 2 diabetes mellitus from baseline to follow-up: an observational study in a Ghanaian population. Biomark Med 2021; 15:467-480. [PMID: 33856266 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2020-0615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The study sought to determine the patterns of N-glycan profiles among Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients over a 6-month period. Materials & methods: Biochemical and clinical data were obtained from 253 T2DM patients at baseline and follow-up. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography and statistical methods were applied for N-glycan profiling. Results: The coefficients of variation were 28% and 29% at baseline and follow-up, respectively, whereas the range of N-glycan variability was from 11% to 56%. Apart from GP1 (FA2) and GP29 (FA3G3S [3,3,3]3), the intra-individual variations of N-glycan peaks were not statistically significant. Conclusion: N-glycan profiles were stable over 6-month period in T2DM patients and could be used to monitor biochemical changes in relation with T2DM comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Adua
- School of Medical & Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, WA, 6027, Australia.,Department of Health Sciences, Edith Cowan College, Building 80 Joondalup Campus West, WA, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Elham Memarian
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia
| | | | - Alyce Russell
- School of Medical & Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, WA, 6027, Australia
| | | | - Ivan Gudelj
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia
| | - Julija Jurić
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia
| | - Peter Roberts
- School of Medical & Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, WA, 6027, Australia
| | - Gordan Lauc
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia.,Faculty of Pharmacy & Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Medical & Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, WA, 6027, Australia.,School of Public Health, Taishan Medical University, Taian, Shandong, 271000, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
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18
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Wang YN, Wu XQ, Zhang DD, Hu HH, Liu JL, Vaziri ND, Guo Y, Zhao YY, Miao H. Polyporus Umbellatus Protects Against Renal Fibrosis by Regulating Intrarenal Fatty Acyl Metabolites. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:633566. [PMID: 33679418 PMCID: PMC7934088 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.633566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Chronic renal failure (CRF) results in significant dyslipidemia and profound changes in lipid metabolism. Polyporus umbellatus (PPU) has been shown to prevent kidney injury and subsequent kidney fibrosis. Methods: Lipidomic analysis was performed to explore the intrarenal profile of lipid metabolites and further investigate the effect of PPU and its main bioactive component, ergone, on disorders of lipid metabolism in rats induced by adenine. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were performed for choosing intrarenal differential lipid species in CRF rats and the intervening effect of n-hexane extract of PPU and ergone on CRF rats. Results: Compared with control group, decreased creatinine clearance rate indicated declining kidney function in CRF group. Based on the lipidomics, we identified 65 lipid species that showed significant differences between CRF and control groups. The levels of 12 lipid species, especially fatty acyl lipids including docosahexaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid (22n-3), 10,11-Dihydro-12R-hydroxy-leukotriene C4, 3-hydroxydodecanoyl carnitine, eicosapentaenoic acid, hypogeic acid and 3-hydroxypentadecanoic acid had a strong linear correlation with creatinine clearance rate, which indicated these lipid species were associated with impaired renal function. In addition, receiver operating characteristics analysis showed that 12 lipid species had high area under the curve values with high sensitivity and specificity for differentiating CRF group from control group. These changes are related to the perturbation of fatty acyl metabolism. Treatment with PPU and ergone improved the impaired kidney function and mitigated renal fibrosis. Both chemometrics and cluster analyses showed that rats treated by PPU and ergone could be separated from CRF rats by using 12 lipid species. Intriguingly, PPU treatment could restore the levels of 12 lipid species, while treatment with ergone could only reverse the changes of six fatty acids in CRF rats. Conclusion: Altered intrarenal fatty acyl metabolites were implicated in pathogenesis of renal fibrosis. PPU and ergone administration alleviated renal fibrosis and partially improved fatty acyl metabolism. These findings suggest that PPU exerted its renoprotective effect by regulating fatty acyl metabolism as a potential biochemical mechanism. Therefore, these findings indicated that fatty acyl metabolism played an important role in renal fibrosis and could be considered as an effective therapeutic avenue against renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ni Wang
- Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, Northwest University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xia-Qing Wu
- Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, Northwest University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dan-Dan Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, Northwest University, Shaanxi, China
| | - He-He Hu
- Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, Northwest University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jian-Ling Liu
- Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, Northwest University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Nosratola D Vaziri
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Yan Guo
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Ying-Yong Zhao
- Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, Northwest University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hua Miao
- Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, Northwest University, Shaanxi, China
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19
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Wang F, Zhang Y, Wen F, Zheng N, Wang J. Rapid determination of furosine in milk using microwave-assisted HCl hydrolysis and ultra-performance liquid chromatography. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:11086-11093. [PMID: 33069412 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Because the conventional methods for furosine analysis are time-consuming, a modified method is presented to improve analysis efficiency. Microwave-assisted HCl hydrolysis was performed at 140, 150, and 160°C for 10 to 200 min, with 6, 8, or 9 M HCl. The hydrolysate purification process was carried out using only paper and membrane filtration. An ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) system was used to achieve rapid analysis of furosine. The results showed that microwave-assisted HCl hydrolysis at 8 M and 160°C led to a stable furosine yield and took only 40 min. The UPLC analysis was completed in 8 min. The modified method was validated and obtained limit of detection at 3 µg/L, limit of quantitation of 10 µg/L, linearity range of 0.2 to 5.0 mg/L, 80.5 to 94.2% recoveries from spiked samples, and coefficients of variation of 2.2 to 6.8%. The modified method is rapid and reliable for the determination of furosine in milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China; College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agriculture University, Urumchi 830091, P. R. China; Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, P. R. China; Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Yangdong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China; Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Fang Wen
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China; Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Nan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China; Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China; College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agriculture University, Urumchi 830091, P. R. China; Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China.
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20
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de Campos DP, Silva-Barcellos NM, Marinho FDM, Barbosa GX, Lana VLVV, de Souza J. A sustainable UPLC-UV method for quantification of donepezil hydrochloride in biorelevant media applied to dissolution profile comparison. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2020; 46:1578-1588. [PMID: 32808565 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2020.1810266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Donepezil hydrochloride is one of the most prescribed anti-Alzheimer's drugs, despite being available for more than two decades, chromatographic methods for the quantification of the drug in biorelevant media that mimics pH physiological conditions in vivo (pH 1.2, 4.5, and 6.8) are not available in the literature. These media are used in the dissolution test, an important tool, for registration and quality control of medicines. Considering the need for methods with this purpose, this work aimed to develop and validate a sustainable UPLC-UV method for quantification of donepezil hydrochloride in tablets, specifically on assay and dissolution profile, with reduced environmental impacts. The proposed method has a run time of 2 min and requires for each run, only 0.8 mL of solvents, providing excellent green analysis. The method proved to be selective, linear, precise, accurate, robust in the range of 2-14 µg/mL. Three products (reference, similar, and generic) were analyzed and showed very rapid dissolution. The average content varied from 100.2 ± 0.6% to 109.5 ± 2.1%. Using dissolution efficiency (DE), the drug release profiles were compared in different biorelevant media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora Priscila de Campos
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Jacqueline de Souza
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
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21
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Kammoun AK, Khedr A, Khayyat AN, Hegazy MA. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric method for quantitation of the recently Food and Drug Administration approved combination of vaborbactam and meropenem in human plasma. R Soc Open Sci 2020; 7:200635. [PMID: 32874656 PMCID: PMC7428257 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.200635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A parenteral medical combination containing vaborbactam and meropenem is used mainly to treat complicated urinary tract infections. A novel ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometric method was developed for the sensitive determination of both compounds in human plasma. Sample preparation was performed by precipitation technique. The chromatographic separation was accomplished using the Acquity C18-BEH column, 0.01 M ammonium formate: acetonitrile (47 : 53, v/v) as a mobile phase with a flow rate of 0.2 ml min-1. Analytes were monitored by applying multiple reaction monitoring. The bioanalytical validation criteria were conducted following the Food and Drug Administration recommendations. The method was linear within range 0.5 to 50 µg ml-1, for both drugs. The intra-day and inter-day precision, as coefficient variation (% CV) and the accuracy, as % bias did not exceed 15% for both drugs. The percentage recovery of targeted analytes was not less than 77%, calculated at three quality control levels. The proposed method showed a suitable lower level of quantification value of 0.50 µg ml-1 for both analytes, which is far lower than the expected C max, which permits the use of this method for pharmacokinetic studies. The proposed method proved to be useful for the evaluation of this combination in both human plasma and pharmaceutical formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed K. Kammoun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, PO Box 80260, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa Khedr
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, PO Box 80260, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahdab N. Khayyat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, PO Box 80260, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha A. Hegazy
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, 11562 Cairo, Egypt
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22
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Razmovski-Naumovski V, Zhou X, Wong HY, Kam A, Pearson J, Chan K. Chromatographic, Chemometric and Antioxidant Assessment of the Equivalence of Granules and Herbal Materials of Angelicae sinensis Radix. Medicines (Basel) 2020; 7:E35. [PMID: 32585888 DOI: 10.3390/medicines7060035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Granules are a popular way of administrating herbal decoctions. However, there are no standardised quality control methods for granules, with few studies comparing the granules to traditional herbal decoctions. This study developed a multi-analytical platform to compare the quality of granule products to herb/decoction pieces of Angelicae Sinensis Radix (Danggui). Methods: A validated ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array detector (UPLC-PDA) method quantitatively compared the aqueous extracts. Hierarchical agglomerative clustering analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA) clustered the samples according to three chemical compounds: ferulic acid, caffeic acid and Z-ligustilide. Ferric ion-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging capacity (DPPH) assessed the antioxidant activity of the samples. Results: HCA and PCA allocated the samples into two main groups: granule products and herb/decoction pieces. Greater differentiation between the samples was obtained with three chemical markers compared to using one marker. The herb/decoction pieces group showed comparatively higher extraction yields and significantly higher DPPH and FRAP (p < 0.05), which was positively correlated to caffeic acid and ferulic acid, respectively. Conclusions: The results confirm the need for the quality assessment of granule products using more than one chemical marker for widespread practitioner and consumer use.
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Kweon B, Han YH, Kee JY, Mun JG, Jeon HD, Yoon DH, Choi BM, Hong SH. Effect of Angelica gigas Nakai Ethanol Extract and Decursin on Human Pancreatic Cancer Cells. Molecules 2020; 25:E2028. [PMID: 32349276 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most severe cancers, and its incidence and mortality rates have steadily increased in the past decade. In this study, we demonstrate the effect of Angelica gigas Nakai extract on pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells. We prepared A. gigas Nakai ethanol extract (AGE) using roots of A. gigas Nakai and detected its active compound decursin from AGE by ultra-performance liquid chromatography analysis. AGE and decursin significantly decreased viability and colony formation of PANC-1 and MIA PaCa-2 cells. AGE and decursin induced G0/G1 phase arrest through downregulation of cyclin D1 and cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4). Caspase-3-dependent apoptosis of PANC-1 cells was promoted by AGE and decursin. Additionally, nontoxic concentrations of AGE and decursin treatment could suppress matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 expression and activity by inhibiting p38 phosphorylation. Taken together, this study demonstrates that AGE and decursin have potential properties to be considered in PC treatment.
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24
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Simunovic J, Vilaj M, Trbojevic-Akmacic I, Momcilovic A, Vuckovic F, Gudelj I, Juric J, Nakic N, Lauc G, Pezer M. Comprehensive N-glycosylation analysis of immunoglobulin G from dried blood spots. Glycobiology 2020; 29:817-821. [PMID: 31410450 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwz061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin G (IgG) glycans are emerging as a new putative biomarker for biological age and different diseases, requiring a robust workflow for IgG glycome analysis, ideally beginning with a simple and undemanding sampling procedure. Here, we report the first comprehensive study on total N-glycans of IgG isolated from dried blood spots (DBSs), which was performed in a high-throughput mode. We compared the IgG N-glycan profiles originating from DBS with those originating from plasma, compared different media for DBS collection, evaluated analytical variation and assessed IgG N-glycan profile stability for different storage conditions. In conclusion, we show that DBSs are a good and stable source material for a robust IgG N-glycan analysis by ultra-performance liquid chromatography, suitable for blood sampling in conditions where no trained personnel and necessary laboratory equipment are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Simunovic
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Borongajska cesta 83H, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marija Vilaj
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Borongajska cesta 83H, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Ana Momcilovic
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Borongajska cesta 83H, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.,Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Frano Vuckovic
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Borongajska cesta 83H, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Gudelj
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Borongajska cesta 83H, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Julija Juric
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Borongajska cesta 83H, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Natali Nakic
- Laboratory of Prion Biology, Department of Neuroscience, Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati, Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy and
| | - Gordan Lauc
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Borongajska cesta 83H, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.,Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Ante Kovacica 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marija Pezer
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Borongajska cesta 83H, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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25
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Fang Q, Wu R, Hu G, Lai A, Wu K, Zhang L, Feng J, Cao H. Dissipation behavior, residue distribution and risk assessment of three fungicides in pears. J Sci Food Agric 2020; 100:1757-1763. [PMID: 31825523 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fungicides are often applied to pears before they are kept in storage facilities. The scientific application of pesticides can reduce unnecessary exposure, which in turn could benefit both humans and the environment. RESULTS We investigated dissipation behavior and residue distribution, and conducted risk assessments for prochloraz, pyraclostrobin, and tebuconazole in pears stored under different conditions using ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). The recoveries of the three fungicides ranged from 76.5% to 114.5%, and the coefficients of variation were 1.0%-8.5%. The half-life (t1/2 ) ranges for degradation of the three fungicides in Dangshan Su pear peel were 8.8-13.9 days after storage at 25 °C and 99.0-346.6 days after storage at 2 °C. Among the three fungicides, tebuconazole had the lowest residue concentration in pear pulp (maximum of 0.226 mg·kg-1 ) and the longest half-life (≥ 231.0 days). Accordingly, among these fungicides, tebuconazole is the most suitable for the preservation of Dangshan Su pears during storage. Finally, we analyzed samples of six pear varieties from markets in China and found that the residue concentrations of the three fungicides in pear pulp and fruit met Chinese standards. CONCLUSION The results provide a scientific basis for rationalizing the use of prochloraz, pyraclostrobin, and tebuconazole, and improving the safety of pears for eating. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingkui Fang
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Safety, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Ruifeng Wu
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Safety, School of Resource & Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Guixian Hu
- Institute of Quality and Standards for Agricultural Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Aiping Lai
- Institute of Quality and Standards for Agricultural Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kaixin Wu
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Safety, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Linwei Zhang
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Safety, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Jiajun Feng
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Safety, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Haiqun Cao
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Safety, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
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Zhang H, Wu X, Liu X, Xu J, Gong S, Han Y, Zhang T, Liu C. Quality transitivity of Danhong Huayu Koufuye: A study on chemical profiles of medicinal herbs, compound preparation and dosed rat plasma using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr 2020; 34:e4813. [PMID: 32080873 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Danhong Huayu Koufuye (DHK), an effective Chinese medicine preparation, is mainly used for the treatment of blurred vision and sudden blindness caused by qi stagnation and blood stasis, as well as the absorption period of central retinal vein occlusion. However, the current quality standard is relatively low, only stipulating the content of protocatechualdehyde. Chemical transitivity is the basis for discovering quality markers and is used in quality process control of Chinese medicines. Herein, the chemical profiles of seven medicinal herbs, DHK and dosed rat plasma were comprehensively analyzed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. As a result, 134 chemical constituents were identified in seven medicinal herbs, including salvianolic acids, diterpene quinones, phenolic acids, phthalides, cyanogenic glycosides, flavonoids and triterpenoid saponins. Among them, 55 chemical constituents were transferred to DHK along with extraction and preparation, and 26 were further absorbed into blood and metabolized to produce 11 metabolites after oral administration. The transitivity of DHK from medicinal herbs to compound preparation and into blood was analyzed for the first time. This article will be valuable to ascertain the quality markers for quality process control and further pharmacokinetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbing Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Quality Markers of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Institut e of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, China.,State Key Laboratoty of Drug Delivery Technology and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinyi Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Quality Markers of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Institut e of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, China.,State Key Laboratoty of Drug Delivery Technology and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, China
| | - Suxiao Gong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Quality Markers of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Institut e of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, China.,State Key Laboratoty of Drug Delivery Technology and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanqi Han
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Quality Markers of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Institut e of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, China.,State Key Laboratoty of Drug Delivery Technology and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, China
| | - Tiejun Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Quality Markers of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Institut e of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, China.,State Key Laboratoty of Drug Delivery Technology and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, China
| | - Changxiao Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Quality Markers of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Institut e of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, China.,State Key Laboratoty of Drug Delivery Technology and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, China
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27
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Luo D, Li J, Chen K, Yin Y, Fang Z, Pang H, Rong X, Guo J. Study on Metabolic Trajectory of Liver Aging and the Effect of Fufang Zhenzhu Tiaozhi on Aging Mice. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:926. [PMID: 31555127 PMCID: PMC6722462 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the metabolic trajectory of liver aging, the effect of FTZ against liver aging in aging mice, and its mechanism using ultraperformance liquid chromatography/quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS). Methods: A total of 80 C57BL/6J Narl mice were randomly divided into five groups: 3-month-old group, 9-month-old group, 14-month-old group, 20-month-old group, and FTZ treatment group (20 months old). The mice in the treatment group received a therapeutic dose of oral FTZ extract (1.0 g/kg, on raw material weight basis) once daily during the experiment. The other groups received the corresponding volume of oral normal saline solution. Liver samples of all five groups were collected after 12 weeks, and UPLC-Q-TOF/MS was used to analyze metabolic changes. Orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) was used to analyze the resulting data. Additionally, cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), secretion levels of TNF-α, IL-6, 5-LOX, and COX-2, as well as their relative mRNA expression in the liver were determined. Results: The levels of TC, TG, AST, and ALT were increased, and liver tissue structure was damaged. The secretion levels of TNF-α, IL-6, 5-LOX, and COX-2, as well as their relative mRNA expression in the liver also increased with aging. FTZ administration reduced the symptoms of liver aging. The OPLS-DA score plot illustrated the effect of FTZ against liver aging, with N-acetyl-leukotriene E4, 20-hydroxy-leukotriene E4, leukotriene E4, and arachidonic acid among the key biomarkers. The pivotal pathways revealed by pathway analysis included arachidonic acid metabolism and biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids. The mechanism by which FTZ reduces the symptoms of liver aging in mice might be related to disorders of the abovementioned pathways. Conclusion: A metabolomic approach based on UPLC-Q-TOF/MS and multivariate statistical analysis was successfully applied to investigate the metabolic trajectory of liver aging. FTZ has a protective effect against liver aging, which may be mediated via interference with the metabolism of arachidonic acid, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, and downregulation of pro-inflammatory factors in the liver in mice in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duosheng Luo
- Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia SATCM (State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingbiao Li
- Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia SATCM (State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kechun Chen
- Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia SATCM (State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yifan Yin
- Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia SATCM (State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoyan Fang
- Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia SATCM (State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiting Pang
- Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia SATCM (State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianglu Rong
- Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia SATCM (State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiao Guo
- Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia SATCM (State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Wang J, Zhang HH, Tian JM, Liu FX, Zhang YP, Zhao YM. Simultaneous determination of six components in commercial Roukou Wuwei pills using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detector. Biomed Chromatogr 2019; 33:e4677. [PMID: 31396971 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
An efficient ultra-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detector method was established for simultaneous determination of six active components in Roukou Wuwei pills, namely gallic acid, piperine, costundide, dehydrocostus lactone, isoalantolactone and alantolactone. Chromatographic separation of six components was successfully achieved on an Waters BEH C18 column (50 × 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm) with a mobile phase composed of acetonitrile and water using a gradient elution. Gallic acid and piperine were detected at 270 nm and 343 nm, respectively; while costundide, dehydrocostus lactone, isoalantolactone and alantolactone were simultaneously measured at 225 nm. All six calibration curves showed good linearity (R2 ≥ 0.9994) between the peak area of each component and corresponding concentration. Relative standard deviations for inter- and intra-day precisions were <0.45 and 0.77%, respectively. The mean recovery rates ranged from 96.72 to 102.2% with relative standard deviations <2.07%. The developed method was validated in terms of linearity, precision and accuracy and then successfully applied for the quality control of commercial Roukou Wuwei samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, P.R. China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Hai-Hong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Ming Tian
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, P.R. China
| | - Feng-Xi Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Ping Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Ming Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, P.R. China
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Semreen MH, Alniss HY, Mousa MK, Aboul-Enein HY. Quick and Sensitive UPLC-ESI-MS/MS Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Sofosbuvir and Its Metabolite in Human Plasma. Molecules 2019; 24:E1302. [PMID: 30987096 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24071302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple, fast and highly sensitive RP-UPLC-MS/MS method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of sofosbuvir (SR) and its metabolite GS331007 in human plasma using ketotifen as an internal standard (IS). The separation was achieved on Acquity UPLC BEH C18 (50 × 2.1 mm, i.d. 1.7 µm, Waters, USA) column using acetonitrile:5 mM ammonium formate:0.1% formic acid (85:15:0.1% v/v/v) as a mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.35 mL/min in an isocratic elution. The Xevo TQD UPLC-MS/MS was operated under the multiple-reaction monitoring mode using positive electrospray ionization. Extraction with dichloromethane was used in the sample preparation. Method validation was performed as per the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guidelines and the calibration curves of the proposed method were found to be linear in the range of 1–1000 ng/mL for SR and in the range of 10–1500 ng/mL for its metabolite (GS331007) with an elution time of 1.83 min. All validation parameters were within the acceptable range according to the bioanalytical methods validation guidelines. Furthermore, the obtained results of matrix effects indicate that ion suppression or enhancement from human plasma components was negligible under the optimized conditions. The proposed method can be applied in high-throughput analysis required for pharmacokinetic and bioequivalence studies in human samples.
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30
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Du K, Chen Y, Li J, Tian F, Gao XM, Chang YX. Determination of antioxidant ingredients in Mori Fructus employing ionic liquid-assisted miniaturized matrix solid-phase dispersion extraction via ultra-performance liquid chromatography. J Food Biochem 2019; 43:e12807. [PMID: 31353604 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A simple miniaturized matrix solid-phase dispersion extraction was developed to analyze multiple antioxidant ingredients (neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, rutin, isoquercitrin, and astragalin) in Mori Fructus by ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with an ultraviolet detector. 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide was employed in the elution process as eco-friendly elution solvent. The effects of some factors on the extraction efficiency of antioxidants in Mori Fructus were optimized in detail, such as the type of adsorbent, the type of elution solvent, the concentration and volume of elution solvent, sample to adsorbent ratio, and the grinding time. The intra-day and inter-day precisions (RSD) were both below 5.0% and the recoveries of all analytes ranged from 93.5% to 98.3%. Compared with the traditional method, it was efficient, simple and environment-friendly for extracting the analytes by ionic liquid assisted trace β-CD matrix solid-phase dispersion extraction method, due to shorter extraction time, less reagent and less sample consumption. The developed method was successfully used for extracting and determining the active compounds in Mori Fructus sample. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The antioxidant ingredients play important roles in Mori Fructus because of their main pharmacological activities. Nowadays, a few analytical methods could be applied for extracting and analyzing these target compounds. But these methods not only required much extracting and analyzing time, but also need a great deal of organic reagent, which were not environmentally friendly. Thus, a green and simple miniaturized matrix solid phase dispersion extraction method was proposed for the analysis of these antioxidants in Mori Fructus, which was efficient to be employed for evaluating the quality of Traditional Chinese Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunze Du
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jin Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Fei Tian
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiu-Mei Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan-Xu Chang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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Su M, Jia L, Wu X, Sun H. Residue investigation of some phenylureas and tebuthiuron herbicides in vegetables by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with integrated selective accelerated solvent extraction-clean up in situ. J Sci Food Agric 2018; 98:4845-4853. [PMID: 29574757 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some trace amounts of urea herbicide residues can be transferred to humans via the food chain, thereby being potentially harmful to human health. The development of a robust analytical methodology for effective sample preparation and simultaneous determination of herbicide residues in vegetable samples is required for achieving food safety. RESULTS The diuron-molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) synthesized have excellent affinity and high selectivity to phenylureas (monolinuron, isoproturon, diuron and linuron) and tebuthiuron. A novel automated procedure with better selectivity for vegetable sample treatment was developed by integrated matrix solid-phase dispersion-accelerated solvent extraction clean-up in situ. Five herbicides can be baseline separated with runtime down to 5 min by ultra-performance liquid chromatography, and good linearity was obtained with a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.9999. The limit of quantification of the method was in the range of 0.8-2.3 µg kg-1 . Diuron residue in cherry tomato sample was found to be 40 µg kg-1 . CONCLUSION The developed method has satisfactory selectivity, good linearity, high sensitivity and accuracy as well as speediness, and can ensure rapid selective extraction and sensitive multi-residue analysis at low microgram per kilogram levels of the herbicides in vegetable food. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Su
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, Baoding, China
| | - Licong Jia
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, Baoding, China
- Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xingqiang Wu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, Baoding, China
| | - Hanwen Sun
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, Baoding, China
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Chekmeneva E, Dos Santos Correia G, Gómez-Romero M, Stamler J, Chan Q, Elliott P, Nicholson JK, Holmes E. Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography-High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry and Direct Infusion-High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry for Combined Exploratory and Targeted Metabolic Profiling of Human Urine. J Proteome Res 2018; 17:3492-3502. [PMID: 30183320 PMCID: PMC6184476 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
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The
application of metabolic phenotyping to epidemiological studies
involving thousands of biofluid samples presents a challenge for the
selection of analytical platforms that meet the requirements of high-throughput
precision analysis and cost-effectiveness. Here direct infusion–nanoelectrospray
(DI–nESI) was compared with an ultra-performance liquid chromatography
(UPLC)–high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) method for
metabolic profiling of an exemplary set of 132 human urine samples
from a large epidemiological cohort. Both methods were developed and
optimized to allow the simultaneous collection of high-resolution
urinary metabolic profiles and quantitative data for a selected panel
of 35 metabolites. The total run time for measuring the sample set
in both polarities by UPLC–HRMS was 5 days compared with 9
h by DI–nESI–HRMS. To compare the classification ability
of the two MS methods, we performed exploratory analysis of the full-scan
HRMS profiles to detect sex-related differences in biochemical composition.
Although metabolite identification is less specific in DI–nESI–HRMS,
the significant features responsible for discrimination between sexes
were mostly the same in both MS-based platforms. Using the quantitative
data, we showed that 10 metabolites have strong correlation (Pearson’s r > 0.9 and Passing–Bablok regression slope of 0.8–1.3)
and good agreement assessed by Bland–Altman plots between UPLC–HRMS
and DI–nESI–HRMS and thus can be measured using a cheaper
and less sample- and time-consuming method. A further twenty
metabolites showed acceptable correlation between the two methods
with only five metabolites showing weak correlation (Pearson’s r < 0.4) and poor agreement due to the overestimation
of the results by DI–nESI–HRMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Chekmeneva
- Division of Integrative Systems and Digestive Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer , Imperial College London , Sir Alexander Fleming Building, South Kensington Campus , London SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom.,NIHR-BRC Clinical Phenotyping Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer , Imperial College London , Sir Alexander Fleming Building, South Kensington Campus , London SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom
| | - Gonçalo Dos Santos Correia
- Division of Integrative Systems and Digestive Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer , Imperial College London , Sir Alexander Fleming Building, South Kensington Campus , London SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom.,NIHR-BRC Clinical Phenotyping Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer , Imperial College London , Sir Alexander Fleming Building, South Kensington Campus , London SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom
| | - María Gómez-Romero
- Division of Integrative Systems and Digestive Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer , Imperial College London , Sir Alexander Fleming Building, South Kensington Campus , London SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom.,NIHR-BRC Clinical Phenotyping Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer , Imperial College London , Sir Alexander Fleming Building, South Kensington Campus , London SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom
| | - Jeremiah Stamler
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine , Northwestern University , Chicago , Illinois 60611 , United States
| | - Queenie Chan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health , Imperial College London , St. Mary's Campus , London W2 1PG , United Kingdom.,MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health , Imperial College London , St. Mary's Campus , London W2 1PG , United Kingdom
| | - Paul Elliott
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health , Imperial College London , St. Mary's Campus , London W2 1PG , United Kingdom.,MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health , Imperial College London , St. Mary's Campus , London W2 1PG , United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy K Nicholson
- Division of Integrative Systems and Digestive Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer , Imperial College London , Sir Alexander Fleming Building, South Kensington Campus , London SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom.,NIHR-BRC Clinical Phenotyping Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer , Imperial College London , Sir Alexander Fleming Building, South Kensington Campus , London SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom
| | - Elaine Holmes
- Division of Integrative Systems and Digestive Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer , Imperial College London , Sir Alexander Fleming Building, South Kensington Campus , London SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom.,MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health , Imperial College London , St. Mary's Campus , London W2 1PG , United Kingdom
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Abstract
We have developed a rapid analysis method for determination of histamine using ultra-performance liquid chromatography and fluorescamine derivatization. Histamine was extracted from foods with trichloroacetic acid after homogenization. The supernatant obtained by centrifugation was filtered and derivatized without solid-phase extraction. The mobile phase was 10 mM phosphate-acetonitrile (75 : 25) without ion-pairing. Recovery tests of histamine from fishes, seasoning and fish products gave acceptable recovery (95.8-117.7%). This method should be useful for rapid evaluation of food poisoning outbreaks.
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Abstract
1. Osthole, a coumarin compound from plants, is a promising agent for the treatment of metabolic diseases, including hyperglycemia, fatty liver, and cancers. Studies indicate that the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) α and γ are involved in the pharmacological effects of osthole. The in vitro and in vivo metabolism of osthole and its biological activity are not completely understood. 2. In this study, ultra-performance chromatography electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-QTOFMS)-based metabolomics was used to determine the metabolic pathway of osthole and its influence on the levels of endogenous metabolites. Forty-one osthole metabolites, including 23 novel metabolites, were identified and structurally elucidated from its metabolism in vitro and in vivo. Recombinant cytochrome P450s (CYPs) screening showed that CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 were the primary enzymes contributing to osthole metabolism. 3. More importantly, osthole was able to decrease the levels of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE) and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) in the plasma, which explains in part its modulatory effects on metabolic diseases. 4. This study gives the insights about the metabolic pathways of osthole in vivo, including hydroxylation, glucuronidation, and sulfation. Furthermore, the levels of the lipids regulated by osthole indicated its potential effects on adipogenesis. These data contribute to the understanding of the disposition and pharmacological activity of osthole in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Mei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming, China
| | - Hong-Ning Liu
- Research Center for Differentiation and Development of Basic Theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Frank J. Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Fei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming, China
- Research Center for Differentiation and Development of Basic Theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
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Xu R, Mao F, Zhao Y, Wang W, Fan L, Gao X, Zhao J, Tian H. UPLC Quantitative Analysis of Multi-Components by Single Marker and Quality Evaluation of Polygala tenuifolia Wild. Extracts. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22122276. [PMID: 29261155 PMCID: PMC6149966 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22122276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The quality control of Polygala tenuifolia Wild. is a major challenge in its clinical application. In this paper, a new strategy for the quality evaluation of P. tenuifolia extracts was verified through reverse-phase ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). The quantitative analysis of multi-components by a single marker (QAMS) was conducted with 3,6′-disinapoyl sucrose as an internal reference substance. Eight components (i.e., sibiricose A5, sibiricose A6, glomeratose A, tenuifoliside A, tenuifoliside B, tenuifoliside C, sibiricaxanthone B, and polygalaxanthone III) were determined based on the relative correction factors. The concentrations of these components were also determined by applying a conventional external standard method. The cosine value confirmed the consistency of the two methods (cosine ratio value >0.999920). Hierarchical cluster analysis, radar plots, and discriminant analysis were performed to classify 23 batches of P. tenuifolia extracts from Shanxi, Hebei, and Shaanxi in China. Results revealed that QAMS combined with radar plots and multivariate data analysis could accurately measure and clearly distinguish the different quality samples of P. tenuifolia. Hence, QAMS is a feasible and promising method for the quality control of P. tenuifolia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China.
| | - Fuying Mao
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China.
- Ningxia Research Center of Modern Hui Medicine Engineering and Technology, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China.
| | - Yunsheng Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China.
- Ningxia Research Center of Modern Hui Medicine Engineering and Technology, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China.
- Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China.
| | - Wenping Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China.
- Ningxia Research Center of Modern Hui Medicine Engineering and Technology, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China.
| | - Lingling Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China.
| | - Xiaojuan Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China.
- Ningxia Research Center of Modern Hui Medicine Engineering and Technology, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China.
| | - Jianjun Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China.
- Ningxia Research Center of Modern Hui Medicine Engineering and Technology, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China.
| | - Hongling Tian
- Institute of Industrial Crop Research, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fenyang 032200, Shanxi, China.
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Mashingaidze F, Choonara YE, Kumar P, du Toit LC, Maharaj V, Buchmann E, Pillay V. Submicron Matrices Embedded in a Polymeric Caplet for Extended Intravaginal Delivery of Zidovudine. AAPS J 2017; 19:1745-1759. [PMID: 28779379 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-017-0130-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this study, an intravaginal delivery system able to deliver an anti-HIV-1 agent for the purpose of potentially reducing HIV-1 transmission acting over an extended duration was successfully formulated. This delivery system was a composite polymeric caplet comprising zidovudine-loaded polyethylene glycol enclatherated pectin-mucin submicron matrices embedded within a poly (D,L-lactide), magnesium stearate, Kollidon® SR, and Carbopol® 974P NF-based polymeric caplet matrix. A three-factor and three-level Box-Behnken statistical design was utilized to optimize the polymeric caplet. The optimized directly compressed composite polymeric caplet hardness was 22.1 ± 0.3 N and the matrix resilience was 62.4 ± 0.6%. The swelling- and diffusion-controlled fractional zidovudine (AZT) release from the optimized caplet was 0.74 ± 0.01 in simulated vaginal fluid (SVF), which increased to 0.81 ± 0.21 in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) simulating seminal fluid, over 30 days. Caplet matrix swelling was directly related to the percentage Carbopol 974P NF composition. An intravaginal system for AZT delivery was tested in the pig model over 28 days. X-ray analysis depicted delivery system swelling with matrix contrast fading over time as vaginal fluid permeated the matrix core. Plasma, vaginal fluid swab eluates, and tissue AZT concentrations were measured by gradient ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)-tandem photodiode array detection. Vaginal tissue and vaginal fluid swab eluate AZT concentrations remained above effective levels over 28 days and were higher than plasma AZT concentrations, availing a system with reduced systemic toxicity and more effective inhibition of viral replication at the site of entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Mashingaidze
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology,School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, South Africa
| | - Yahya E Choonara
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology,School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, South Africa
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology,School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, South Africa
| | - Lisa C du Toit
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology,School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, South Africa
| | - Vinesh Maharaj
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
| | - Eckhart Buchmann
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, South Africa
| | - Viness Pillay
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology,School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, South Africa.
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Stragierowicz J, Daragó A, Brzeźnicki S, Kilanowicz A. Optimization of ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) with fluorescence detector (FLD) method for the quantitative determination of selected neurotransmitters in rat brain. Med Pr 2017; 68:583-591. [PMID: 28749489 DOI: 10.13075/mp.5893.00622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glutamate (Glu) and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) are the main neurotransmitters in the central nervous system for excitatory and inhibitory processes, respectively. Monitoring these neurotransmitters is an essential tool in establishing pathological functions, among others in terms of occupational exposure to toxic substances. MATERIAL AND METHODS We present modification of the HPLC (high-performance liquid chromatography) to the UPLC (ultra-performance liquid chromatography) method for the simultaneous determination of glutamate and γ-aminobutyric acid in a single injection. The isocratic separation of these neurotransmitter derivatives was performed on Waters Acquity BEH (ethylene bridged hybrid) C18 column with particle size of 1.7 μm at 35°C using a mobile phase consisting of 0.1 M acetate buffer (pH 6.0) and methanol (60:40, v/v) at a flow rate of 0.3 ml/min. The analytes were detected with the fluorescence detector (FLD) using derivatization with o-phthaldialdehyde (OPA), resulting in excitation at 340 nm and emission at 455 nm. RESULTS Several validation parameters including linearity (0.999), accuracy (101.1%), intra-day precision (1.52-1.84%), inter-day precision (2.47-3.12%), limit of detection (5-30 ng/ml) and quantification (100 ng/ml) were examined. The developed method was also used for the determination of these neurotransmitters in homogenates of selected rat brain structures. CONCLUSIONS The presented UPLC-FLD is characterized by shorter separation time (3.5 min), which is an adaptation of the similar HPLC methods and is an alternative for more expensive references techniques such as liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass-spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) methods. Med Pr 2017;68(5):583-591.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Stragierowicz
- Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland (Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology).
| | - Adam Daragó
- Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland (Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology)
| | - Sławomir Brzeźnicki
- Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Łódź, Poland (Department of Biological and Environmental Monitoring)
| | - Anna Kilanowicz
- Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland (Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology)
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Wang T, Wu P, Hu Z, Wang L, Tang J, Jiang W, Wang Z. [Determination of eleven fluorescent whitening agents in paper food packaging materials by UPLC-FLD/PDA with series double-detector]. Wei Sheng Yan Jiu 2016; 45:663-667. [PMID: 29903341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To establish a new qualitative and quantitative ultraperformance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detector / photodiode array detector with series double-detector method for the determination of eleven fluorescent whitening agents in paper food packaging materials. METHODS The sample was extracted with 40%acetonitrile water solution, separated by Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C_(18)column( 1. 7μm, 2. 1 mm × 100 mm) and eluted gradient. The excitation wavelength and emission wavelength of fluorescence detector( FLD) were 350 nm and 430 nm, and the wavelength of photodiode array detector( PDA) was 350 nm. The detectors were used in series to achieve qualitative and quantitative detection. RESULTS In the substrates of paper cups, paper bowls, paper trays and paper boxes, those eleven fluorescent whitening agents were separated properly. For both detectors, in the linear range of 25- 1000 ng / m L, the correlation coefficient was greater than 0. 99, and the recoveries of spiked recoveries were between 82. 2%- 104. 1% with the RSD less than 10%( n = 6). The detection limits ofthose eleven fluorescent whitening agents were 0. 20- 0. 28 mg / kg for FLD and 1. 4- 2. 5mg / kg for PDA. CONCLUSION The eleven fluorescent whitening agents could be separated properly with complete separation, good shapes and high recovery rate. This method is easy to operate also. Thus it's an effective method to detect the fluorescent whitening agents in paper food packaging materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianjiao Wang
- Department of Public Health of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Pinggu Wu
- Department of Public Health of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhengyan Hu
- Department of Public Health of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Liyuan Wang
- Department of Public Health of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jun Tang
- Department of Public Health of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Public Health of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhiyuan Wang
- Department of Public Health of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Lin Y, Xu W, Huang M, Xu W, Li H, Ye M, Zhang X, Chu K. Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Phenolic Acids, Flavonoids and Iridoid Glycosides in Yinhua Kanggan Tablet by UPLC-QqQ-MS/MS. Molecules 2015; 20:12209-28. [PMID: 26151117 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200712209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A simple, rapid and specific ultra-performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry method was developed for the analysis of 29 bioactive components (10 phenolic acids, 16 flavonoids, and three iridoid glycosides) in Yinhua Kanggan tablet (YHKGT), a herbal prescription used for treating upper respiratory infections, fevers, coughs and pharyngalgia. The separation was successfully achieved using a Waters Cortecs UPLC C18 column (50 × 2.1 mm, 1.6 μm) and gradient elution with water-0.1% formic acid and acetonitrile. Polarity switching mode was used in the optimization of multiple reaction monitoring conditions. The analytical method was validated for linearity, precision and accuracy. Calibration curves for the 29 marker compounds showed good linear regression (r > 0.9982). The limits of detection (LOD) and limits of quantification (LOQ) for the 29 analytes were in the range of 0.03–4.99 ng/mL and 0.16–14.87 ng/mL, respectively. The relative standard deviation (RSD) values of intra-day precision, inter-day precision, repeatability, and stability were less than 2.79%, 4.87%, 4.18% and 4.71%, respectively. The recoveries of the 29 marker compounds were in the range of 94.67%–104.78% (RSD ≤ 4.72%). These results have shown that this developed method was efficient for the quality evaluation of YHKGT.
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Wang H, Li X, Liu X, Shen D, Qiu Y, Zhang X, Song J. Influence of pH, concentration and light on stability of allicin in garlic (Allium sativum L.) aqueous extract as measured by UPLC. J Sci Food Agric 2015; 95:1838-1844. [PMID: 25205359 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Garlic is one of the most important bulb vegetables and is mainly used as a spice or flavoring agent for foods. It is also cultivated for its medicinal properties, attributable to sulfur compounds, of which allicin is the most important. However, the stability of allicin in garlic extract is not well understood. In this study, using UPLC, the stability of allicin extracted in water from garlic was evaluated in phosphate buffer at different temperatures under light and dark conditions. RESULTS At room temperature, allicin in aqueous extract was most stable at pH 5-6 but degraded quickly at lower or higher pH. It began to degrade within 0.5 h and was not detectable after 2 h when the pH was higher than 11 or lower than 1.5. It degraded quickly when the temperature was higher than 40 °C and especially higher than 70 °C. At room temperature, allicin in water could be stored for 5 days without obvious degradation. Higher concentrations of allicin in solution were somewhat more stable than low concentrations. CONCLUSION Allicin extract was sensitive to pH and temperature of storage but not to light. Higher-concentration allicin solution was more stable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiping Wang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xixiang Li
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xinyan Liu
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Di Shen
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yang Qiu
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jiangping Song
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
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Tang K, Ma L, Han YH, Nie Y, Li JM, Xu Y. Comparison and chemometric analysis of the phenolic compounds and organic acids composition of chinese wines. J Food Sci 2014; 80:C20-8. [PMID: 25427857 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.12691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Characteristics of 106 wines from 5 major grape varieties and 3 typical geographic regions in China were investigated by means of profiling of organic acids and phenolic compounds analysis. An ultra-performance liquid chromatography method was developed and thus, large number of samples could be determined in a quick and reliable way. The results showed that different origins and varieties were characteristic of various profiles of organic acid and phenolic compounds. In order to investigate possible correlation between organic acids and phenolic compounds content and grape variety and/or geographical origin, analysis of variance and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) were conducted. A satisfactory LDA result for red wines according to geographic origin was obtained, in which the correct classification was 100% and the leave-one-out validation accuracy was 90%. The corresponding results of white wines were 91% and 86%, respectively. When LDA was processed, according to grape varieties, the proportionality of successfully classified wines was 96%, while the leave-one-out validation accuracy was 94%. The organic acids and phenolic compounds profiles were useful in the classification of Chinese wines according to grape variety and geographic origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan Univ, 1800 Lihu Ave, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, PR China; Centre for Brewing Science and Enzyme Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan Univ, 1800 Lihu Ave, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, PR China
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Gardana C, Iriti M, Stuknytė M, De Noni I, Simonetti P. 'Melatonin isomer' in wine is not an isomer of the melatonin but tryptophan-ethylester. J Pineal Res 2014; 57:435-41. [PMID: 25251161 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin is a neurohormone, chronobiotic, and antioxidant compound found in wine and deriving directly from grapes and/or synthesized by yeast during alcoholic fermentation. In addition, a melatonin isomer has been detected in different foods, wine among them. The special interest for melatonin isomer related to the fact that it was found in greater quantities than melatonin and probably shares some of its biological properties. Despite this, its chemical structure has not yet been defined; although some researchers hypothesize, it could be melatonin with the ethylacetamide group shifted into position N1. Thus, the aim of our study was to identify the structures of the melatonin isomer. For this purpose, melatonin and melatonin isomer in Syrah wine were separated chromatographically by a sub-2 μm particle column and detected by tandem mass spectrometry. The sample was then purified and concentrated by solid-phase extraction, hydrolyzed with alkali or esterase, and substrates and products quantified by UPLC-MS/MS. Moreover, melatonin, melatonin isomer, and their product ions were evaluated by high-resolution mass spectrometry. The amount of melatonin isomer and melatonin in the wine was 84 ± 4 and 3 ± 0 ng/mL, respectively. In the solutions, containing diluted alkali or esterase, melatonin isomer was hydrolyzed in about 8 min. Correspondingly, tryptophan was detected, and its amount increased and reached the maximum concentration in about 8 min. Melatonin concentration was not affected by diluted alkali or esterase. The fragmentation pattern of melatonin isomer was different from that of melatonin but comparable to that of tryptophan-ethylester. Finally, the so-called melatonin isomer identity was verified by cochromatography with authentic standard of tryptophan-ethylester.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Gardana
- Division of Human Nutrition, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Lin Z, Yang R, Guan Z, Chen A, Li W. Ultra-performance LC separation and quadrupole time-of-flight MS identification of major alkaloids in Plumula Nelumbinis. Phytochem Anal 2014; 25:485-94. [PMID: 24733684 PMCID: PMC5361407 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Revised: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/01/2014] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION As an essential medicine and tea source in many countries, Plumula Nelumbinis potentially exerts its major biological activities through its alkaloids. However, the activities of Plumula Nelumbinis are not fully understood due to the lack of studies on its chemical components. OBJECTIVE To establish an ultra-performance liquid chromatography combined with diode-array detector (UPLC/DAD) method, coupled to an electrospray ionisation with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ESI/QTOF/MS) method, for the separation and identification of Plumula Nelumbinis alkaloids. METHODS The eluant from an UPLC separation of an ethanol extract of Plumula Nelumbinis was directly infused into an ESI/QTOF/MS system. Both positive and negative ion modes of ESI with low and high collision energy (CE) were used to obtain sufficient MS information. RESULTS Twenty-one alkaloids were tentatively identified based on their chromatographic characteristics, UV spectra, exact mass, MS fragments and literature reports. They consist of six bis-1-benzyltetrahydroisoquinoline, eleven benzyltetrahydroisoquinoline (including two glycoalkaloids and two quaternary ammoniums), two aporphine, one proaporphine and one indole alkaloids. Eleven were identified in Plumula Nelumbinis for the first time and seven were first reported in Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. Five compounds, namely norcoclaurine-4'-O-glucoside, norcoclaurine-6-O-glucoside, isolotusine, 6-demethyl-4-demethylN-methylcoclaurine and N-norisoliensinine, were characterised and proposed as new compounds. CONCLUSION The established UPLC/DAD - ESI/QTOF/MS method is efficient for systematic identification of the alkaloids in Plumula Nelumbinis extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongtao Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The
University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, United
States
| | - Ruinan Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The
University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, United
States
| | - Zheng Guan
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for
Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of
Agricultural Sciences, Beijing100081, China
| | - Ailiang Chen
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for
Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of
Agricultural Sciences, Beijing100081, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The
University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, United
States
- Corresponding author: Wei Li, Ph.D, 847 Monroe
Avenue, Room 327, Memphis, TN 38163, United States. Tel.:
+1-901-448-7532; fax: +1-901-448-6828,
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Lorenzen W, Bozhüyük KAJ, Cortina NS, Bode HB. A comprehensive insight into the lipid composition of Myxococcus xanthus by UPLC-ESI-MS. J Lipid Res 2014; 55:2620-33. [PMID: 25332432 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m054593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Analysis of whole cell lipid extracts of bacteria by means of ultra-performance (UP)LC-MS allows a comprehensive determination of the lipid molecular species present in the respective organism. The data allow conclusions on its metabolic potential as well as the creation of lipid profiles, which visualize the organism's response to changes in internal and external conditions. Herein, we describe: i) a fast reversed phase UPLC-ESI-MS method suitable for detection and determination of individual lipids from whole cell lipid extracts of all polarities ranging from monoacylglycerophosphoethanolamines to TGs; ii) the first overview of a wide range of lipid molecular species in vegetative Myxococcus xanthus DK1622 cells; iii) changes in their relative composition in selected mutants impaired in the biosynthesis of α-hydroxylated FAs, sphingolipids, and ether lipids; and iv) the first report of ceramide phosphoinositols in M. xanthus, a lipid species previously found only in eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfram Lorenzen
- Merck Stiftungsprofessur für Molekulare Biotechnologie, Fachbereich Biowissenschaften, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Kenan A J Bozhüyük
- Merck Stiftungsprofessur für Molekulare Biotechnologie, Fachbereich Biowissenschaften, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Niña S Cortina
- Cluster of Excellence Macromolecular Complexes, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Helge B Bode
- Merck Stiftungsprofessur für Molekulare Biotechnologie, Fachbereich Biowissenschaften, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Lou Y, Zheng J, Wang B, Zhang X, Zhang X, Zeng S. Metabolites characterization of chamaechromone in vivo and in vitro by using ultra-performance liquid chromatography/Xevo G2 quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. J Ethnopharmacol 2013; 151:242-252. [PMID: 24189033 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Revised: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/13/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Stellera chamaejasme L. (Thymelaeaceae) was a toxic perennial herb and widely used as pesticide and dermatological agents in China. Chamaechromone was a major component in the dried roots of Stellera chamaejasme with anti-HBV and insecticidal activity. Analysis of metabolic profile in vivo and in vitro plays a pivotal role to unravel how TCM works. And the metabolites of chamaechromone might influence the effects and toxicity of Stellera chamaejasme. Moreover, the metabolic routes of chamaechromone provide an important basis for toxicological safety evaluation. Until now, little is known about the metabolism of chamaechromone. The current study was designed to characterize the whole metabolic pathways of chamaechromone in vitro and in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-four rats were randomly divided into four groups, including two oral administration groups (100mgkg(-1)), one intravenous injection group (5 mgkg(-1)), and one control group. The metabolites in rat urine and feces and bile were identified by UPLC/Q-TOF MS analysis and β-glucuronidase hydrolysis. Moreover, the possible metabolic mechanism was further confirmed by Phase I and Phase II metabolism and catechol-O-methyltransferase methylation in rat liver S9 fraction and degradation in rat intestinal bacteria. RESULTS A total of 24 metabolites from chamaechromone were detected and identified in vivo and in vitro, 20 of which were novel. And the major metabolic processes were hydroxylation, methylation, glucuronation, acetylation, dehydroxylation and degradation. CONCLUSIONS The present study revealed the whole metabolic pathways of chamaechromone in rat through both in vitro and in vivo experiments for the first time. And chamaechromone could undergo extensive phase I and phase II metabolism in rat. These findings would provide an important basis for the further study and clinical application of chamaechromone. In addition, the results of this work have showed the feasibility of the UPLC/Q-TOF-MS approach for rapid and reliable characterization of metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lou
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Drug Metabolism, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University; The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 QingChun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinqi Zheng
- Zhejiang Institute for Food and Drug Control, Hangzhou 310004, People's Republic of China
| | - Baohong Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 QingChun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingguo Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 QingChun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Drug Metabolism, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University
| | - Su Zeng
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Drug Metabolism, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University.
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Bathena SPR, Mukherjee S, Olivera M, Alnouti Y. The profile of bile acids and their sulfate metabolites in human urine and serum. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2013; 942-943:53-62. [PMID: 24212143 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Revised: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The role of sulfation in ameliorating the hepatotoxicity of bile acids (BAs) in humans remains unknown due to the lack of proper analytical methods to quantify individual BAs and their sulfate metabolites in biological tissues and fluids. To this end, a simple and sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated to characterize the detailed BA profile in human urine and serum. The limit of quantification was 1ng/mL and baseline separation of all analytes was achieved within in a run time of 32min. The method was validated over the dynamic range of 1-1000ng/mL. The LC-MS/MS method was more accurate, precise, and selective than the commercially available kits for the quantification of sulfated and unsulfated BAs, and the indirect quantification of individual sulfated BAs after solvolysis. The LC-MS/MS method was applied to characterize the BA profile in urine and serum of healthy subjects. Thirty three percent of serum BAs were sulfated, whereas 89% of urinary BAs existed in the sulfate form, indicating the role of sulfation in enhancing the urinary excretion of BAs. The percentage of sulfation of individual BAs increased with the decrease in the number of hydroxyl groups indicating the role of sulfation in the detoxification of the more hydrophobic and toxic BA species. Eighty percent of urinary BAs and 55% of serum BAs were present in the glycine-amidated form, whereas 8% of urinary BAs and 13% of serum BAs existed in the taurine-amidated form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Praneeth R Bathena
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, United States
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Li H, Gao YM, Zhang J, Wang L, Wang XX. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography fingerprinting for quality control of Phragmitis rhizoma (Lugen) produced in Baiyangdian. Pharmacogn Mag 2013; 9:285-9. [PMID: 24124278 PMCID: PMC3793331 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.117810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Revised: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 09/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To establish an ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) fingerprinting method for quality control of Phragmitis rhizoma from Baiyangdian. Materials and Methods: Ultrasonic extraction with 70% methanol was performed on 10 samples of P. rhizoma collected from 10 different villages in Baiyangdian. The sample solutions were analyzed by Waters UPLC equipped with the ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 column and photodiode array (PDA) detector, and gradient eluted with acetonitrile/water as the mobile phase. The flow rate was set to 0.1 mL/min; the column temperature was set to 25°C; and the detection wavelength was set to 285 nm. Results: The chromatograms of the 10 samples showed 27 common peaks, of which one was identified as the ferulic acid standard. The similarity indexes were all above 0.82. Hierarchical cluster analysis showed that the constituents and their quantities differed according to the diameter of the original plant, which is related to its age. Conclusion: The UPLC fingerprinting method had the advantages of being fast, accurate, and highly efficient; this indicated that it can be used for quality control of P. rhizoma produced in Baiyangdian. Also, the relation between the quality and diameter/age of the plant needs to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei Chemical and Pharmaceutical College, Shijiazhuang, China
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Lee YW. Comparison between ultra-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry and a chemiluminescence immunoassay in the determination of cyclosporin A and tacrolimus levels in whole blood. Exp Ther Med 2013; 6:1535-1539. [PMID: 24255687 PMCID: PMC3829750 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2013.1325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Regular immunosuppressant drug monitoring is important for maintaining the drug concentrations of organ recipients within the therapeutic range. The standardized liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-TMS) technique has been used for the accurate analysis of immunosuppressive drugs. In the present study, the performance of the recently developed high-throughput, rapid ultra-performance liquid chromatography combined with tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-TMS) method was validated for the simultaneous measurement of cyclosporin A and tacrolimus in whole blood. The method of measuring cyclosporin A and tacrolimus using UPLC-TMS was established and the precision, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantitation (LOQ) and matrix effect were validated. In addition, the performance of UPLC-TMS was compared with that of a chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) in >3,400 clinical specimens. The UPLC-TMS revealed a within-run and between-run precision of <8% and showed a bias of <5%. The LOD and LOQ were 2.0 and 2.5 ng/ml for cyclosporin A, and 0.3 and 0.4 ng/ml for tacrolimus, respectively. Interference from the matrix was not observed. The CLIA measurements of cyclosporin A and tacrolimus showed correlations corresponding with the formulae: Concentration(CLIA) = 1.18 × UPLC-TMS - 5.85; [95% CI: proportional, 1.16-1.19; constant, -6.86-(-4.81)] and Concentration(CLIA) = 1.14 × UPLC-TMS - 0.38; [(95% CI: proportional, 1.13-1.14; constant, -0.35-(-0.43)], respectively. The majority of results were higher for the immunoassay than for the UPLC-TMS. The newly developed rapid UPLC-TMS method was suitable for use with a large therapeutic concentration range of the analyzed immunosuppressive drugs. Sample preparation was simple and it was possible to detect several immunosuppressants simultaneously, thus significantly lowering the cost of analysis. In conclusion, this method may contribute to improved accuracy and may be preferred to immunoassays for the routine clinical measurement of immunosuppressive drug concentrations in whole blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Wha Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital and Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon, Gyeonggi 420-767, Republic of Korea
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Medina-Rivero E, Merchand-Reyes G, Pavón L, Vázquez-Leyva S, Pérez-Sánchez G, Salinas-Jazmín N, Estrada-Parra S, Velasco-Velázquez M, Pérez-Tapia SM. Batch-to-batch reproducibility of Transferon™. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2013; 88:289-94. [PMID: 24099727 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Revised: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Human dialyzable leukocyte extracts (DLEs) are heterogeneous mixtures of low-molecular-weight peptides that modulate immune responses in various diseases. Due their complexity, standardized methods to identify their physicochemical properties and determine that production batches are biologically active must be established. We aimed to develop and validate a size exclusion ultra performance chromatographic (SE-UPLC) method to characterize Transferon™, a DLE that is produced under good manufacturing practices (GMPs). We analyzed an internal human DLE standard and 10 representative batches of Transferon™, all of which had a chromatographic profile characterized by 8 main peaks and a molecular weight range between 17.0 and 0.2kDa. There was high homogeneity between batches with regard to retention times and area percentages, varying by less than 0.2% and 30%, respectively, and the control chart was within 3 standard deviations. To analyze the biological activity of the batches, we studied the ability of Transferon™ to stimulate IFN-γ production in vitro. Transferon™ consistently induced IFN-γ production in Jurkat cells, demonstrating that this method can be included as a quality control step in releasing Transferon™ batches. Because all analyzed batches complied with the quality attributes that were evaluated, we conclude that the DLE Transferon™ is produced with high homogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Medina-Rivero
- Unidad de Desarrollo e Investigación en Bioprocesos (UDIBI), Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México D.F., Mexico
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Xu B, Yang G, Ge S, Yin T, Hu M, Gao S. Validated LC-MS/MS method for the determination of 3-hydroxflavone and its glucuronide in blood and bioequivalent buffers: application to pharmacokinetic, absorption, and metabolism studies. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2013; 85:245-52. [PMID: 23973631 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Revised: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to develop an UPLC-MS/MS method to quantify 3-hydroxyflavone (3-HF) and its metabolite, 3-hydroxyflavone-glucuronide (3-HFG) from biological samples. A Waters BEH C8 column was used with acetonitrile/0.1% formic acid in water as mobile phases. The mass analysis was performed in an API 5500 Qtrap mass spectrometer via multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) with positive scan mood. The one-step protein precipitation by acetonitrile was used to extract the analytes from blood. The results showed that the linear response range was 0.61-2500.00 nM for 3-HF and 0.31-2500.00 nM for 3-HFG. The intra-day variance is less than 16.5% and accuracy is in 77.7-90.6% for 3-HF and variance less than 15.9%, accuracy in 85.1-114.7% for 3-HFG. The inter-day variance is less than 20.2%, accuracy is in 110.6-114.2% for 3-HF and variance less than 15.6%, accuracy in 83.0-89.4% for 3-HFG. The analysis was done within 4.0 min. Only 10 μl of blood is needed due to the high sensitivity of this method. The validated method was successfully used to pharmacokinetic study in A/J mouse, transport study in the Caco-2 cell culture model, and glucuronidation study using mice liver and intestine microsomes. The applications revealed that this method can be used for 3-HF and 3-HFG analysis in blood as well as in bioequivalent buffers such HBSS and KPI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Xu
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Houston, 1441 Moursund Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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