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van Zomeren M, d’Amore C, Pauls IL, Shuman E, Leal A. The Intergroup Value Protection Model: A Theoretically Integrative and Dynamic Approach to Intergroup Conflict Escalation in Democratic Societies. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY REVIEW 2024; 28:225-248. [PMID: 37667857 PMCID: PMC11010547 DOI: 10.1177/10888683231192120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT We review social-psychological evidence for a theoretically integrative and dynamic model of intergroup conflict escalation within democratic societies. Viewing individuals as social regulators who protect their social embeddedness (e.g., in their group or in society), the intergroup value protection model (IVPM) integrates key insights and concepts from moral and group psychology (e.g., group identification, outrage, moralization, protest) into a functional intergroup value protection process. The model assumes that social regulators are continuously looking for information diagnostic of the outgroup's intentions to terminate the relationship with the ingroup, and that their specific cognitive interpretations of an outgroup's action (i.e., as a violation of ingroup or shared values) trigger this process. The visible value-protective responses of one group can trigger the other group's value-protective responses, thus dynamically increasing chances of conflict escalation. We discuss scientific implications of integrating moral and group psychology and practical challenges for managing intergroup conflict within democratic societies. PUBLIC ABSTRACT The 2021 Capitol Hill attack exemplifies a major "trigger event" for different groups to protect their values within a democratic society. Which specific perceptions generate such a triggering event, which value-protective responses does it trigger, and do such responses escalate intergroup conflict? We offer the intergroup value protection model to analyze the moral and group psychology of intergroup conflict escalation in democratic societies. It predicts that when group members cognitively interpret another group's actions as violating ingroup or shared values, this triggers the intergroup value protection process (e.g., increased ingroup identification, outrage, moralization, social protest). When such value-protective responses are visible to the outgroup, this can in turn constitute a trigger event for them to protect their values, thus increasing chances of intergroup conflict escalation. We discuss scientific implications and practical challenges for managing intergroup value conflict in democratic societies, including fears of societal breakdown and scope for social change.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Inga Lisa Pauls
- Philipps University of Marburg, Germany
- Technical University Berlin, Germany
| | - Eric Shuman
- New York University, New York City, USA
- Harvard Business School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ana Leal
- University of Groningen, The Netherlands
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2
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Da'as R, Slobodin O. "God Did Not Create Us This Way": An Investigation into the Experiences of School Counselors Working with Arab-Muslim LGBTQ Youth. JOURNAL OF HOMOSEXUALITY 2024:1-25. [PMID: 38421282 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2024.2321239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Schools play a key role in supporting, protecting, and advocating for LGBTQ students. However, educational programs worldwide tend to exclude and marginalize LGBTQ issues, especially when it comes to ethnic and racial minorities. In the current study, we examined Arab school counselors' experiences of working with Arab-Muslim LGBTQ youth. After 100 counselors declined to participate, the study included semi-structured interviews with 60 female counselors in Arab-Muslim schools in Israel. Data were analyzed using interpretive phenomenological analysis. Four main themes emerged: religious considerations, causal explanations of LGBTQ orientation, working practices, and supportive resources. Our findings point to the unique challenges facing Arab school counselors who are torn between their professional values and traditional norms. Among the strategies counselors used for managing this tension were separating LGBTQ orientation from LGBTQ adolescents, passive listening while avoiding proactive inquiry, and referring to LBGTQ orientation as a transient phase. Our findings emphasize the need to develop culturally relevant programs that address LGBTQ orientation for students, teachers, and families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raneen Da'as
- School of Education, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Ortal Slobodin
- School of Education, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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3
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Sibley AL, Baker R, Levander XA, Rains A, Walters SM, Nolte K, Colston DC, Piscalko HM, Schalkoff CA, Bianchet E, Chen S, Dowd P, Jaeb M, Friedmann PD, Fredericksen RJ, Seal DW, Go VF. "I am not a junkie": Social categorization and differentiation among people who use drugs. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY 2023; 114:103999. [PMID: 36905779 PMCID: PMC10066877 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2023.103999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Substance use stigma is a form of group-based exclusion, and delineating pathways from stigma to poor health requires a deeper understanding of the social dynamics of people who use drugs (PWUD). Outside of recovery, scant research has examined the role of social identity in addiction. Framed by Social Identity Theory/Self-Categorization Theory, this qualitative study investigated strategies of within-group categorization and differentiation among PWUD and the roles these social categories may play in shaping intragroup attitudes, perceptions, and behaviors. METHODS Data come from the Rural Opioid Initiative, a multi-site study of the overdose epidemic in rural United States. We conducted in-depth interviews with people who reported using opioids or injecting any drug (n=355) living in 65 counties across 10 states. Interviews focused on participants' biographical histories, past and current drug use, risk behaviors, and experiences with healthcare providers and law enforcement. Social categories and dimensions along which categories were evaluated were inductively identified using reflexive thematic analysis. RESULTS We identified seven social categories that were commonly appraised by participants along eight evaluative dimensions. Categories included drug of choice, route of administration, method of attainment, gender, age, genesis of use, and recovery approach. Categories were evaluated by participants based on ascribed characteristics of morality, destructiveness, aversiveness, control, functionality, victimhood, recklessness, and determination. Participants performed nuanced identity work during interviews, including reifying social categories, defining 'addict' prototypicality, reflexively comparing self to other, and disidentifying from the PWUD supra-category. CONCLUSION We identify several facets of identity, both behavioral and demographic, along which people who use drugs perceive salient social boundaries. Beyond an addiction-recovery binary, identity is shaped by multiple aspects of the social self in substance use. Patterns of categorization and differentiation revealed negative intragroup attitudes, including stigma, that may hinder solidary-building and collective action in this marginalized group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adams L Sibley
- Department of Health Behavior, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, 170 Rosenau Hall CB #7400, 135 Dauer Dr., Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
| | - Robin Baker
- OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University, 1805 SW 4th Ave, Suite 510, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Ximena A Levander
- Division of General Internal Medicine & Geriatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Alex Rains
- University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Suzan M Walters
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Global Public Health, New York University, 708 Broadway, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Kerry Nolte
- Department of Nursing, College of Health and Human Services, University of New Hampshire, Hewitt Hall, 4 Library Way, Durham, NH, 03824, USA
| | - David C Colston
- Department of Health Behavior, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, 170 Rosenau Hall CB #7400, 135 Dauer Dr., Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Hannah M Piscalko
- Division of Epidemiology, The Ohio State University College of Public Health, Cunz Hall 1841 Neil Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Christine A Schalkoff
- Department of Health Behavior, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, 170 Rosenau Hall CB #7400, 135 Dauer Dr., Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Elyse Bianchet
- Baystate Medical Center, University of Massachusetts, Office of Research, UMass Chan Medical School-Baystate, 3601 Main Street, 3rd Floor, Springfield, MA, 01199, USA
| | - Samuel Chen
- University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Patrick Dowd
- Baystate Medical Center, University of Massachusetts, Office of Research, UMass Chan Medical School-Baystate, 3601 Main Street, 3rd Floor, Springfield, MA, 01199, USA
| | - Michael Jaeb
- School of Nursing, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 4244 #4 Signe Skott Cooper Hall, 701 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Peter D Friedmann
- Baystate Medical Center, University of Massachusetts, Office of Research, UMass Chan Medical School-Baystate, 3601 Main Street, 3rd Floor, Springfield, MA, 01199, USA
| | - Rob J Fredericksen
- University of Washington Harborview Medical Center, 325 9th Ave, Box 359931, Seattle, WA, 98106, USA
| | - David W Seal
- Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, 1440 Canal Street, Suite 2210, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Vivian F Go
- Department of Health Behavior, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, 170 Rosenau Hall CB #7400, 135 Dauer Dr., Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
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van Breen J, de Lemus S, Kuppens T, Barreto M, Spears R. Extending the scope for resistance to gender-based devaluation. EUROPEAN REVIEW OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/10463283.2023.2170854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J.A. van Breen
- Leiden University, Campus The Hague, The Hague, the Netherlands
| | | | - T. Kuppens
- University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - R. Spears
- University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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5
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Henkel L, Sprengholz P, Korn L, Betsch C, Böhm R. The association between vaccination status identification and societal polarization. Nat Hum Behav 2023; 7:231-239. [PMID: 36329314 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-022-01469-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Public discord between those vaccinated and those unvaccinated for COVID-19 has intensified globally. Theories of intergroup relations propose that identifying with one's social group plays a key role in the perceptions and behaviours that fuel intergroup conflict. We test whether identification with one's vaccination status is associated with current societal polarization. The study draws on panel data from samples of vaccinated (n = 3,267) and unvaccinated (n = 2,038) respondents in Germany and Austria that were collected in December 2021 and February, March and July 2022. The findings confirm that vaccination status identification (VSI) explains substantial variance in a range of polarizing attitudes and behaviours. VSI was also related to higher psychological reactance toward mandatory vaccination policies among the unvaccinated. Higher levels of VSI reduced the gap between intended and actual counterbehaviours over time by the unvaccinated. VSI appears to be an important measure for predicting behavioural responses to vaccination policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Henkel
- Department of Economics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Philipp Sprengholz
- Media and Communication Science, University of Erfurt, Erfurt, Germany. .,Health Communication, Implementation Science, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Lars Korn
- Media and Communication Science, University of Erfurt, Erfurt, Germany.,Health Communication, Implementation Science, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany.,Center for Empirical Research in Economics and Behavioral Sciences, University of Erfurt, Erfurt, Germany
| | - Cornelia Betsch
- Media and Communication Science, University of Erfurt, Erfurt, Germany.,Health Communication, Implementation Science, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany.,Center for Empirical Research in Economics and Behavioral Sciences, University of Erfurt, Erfurt, Germany
| | - Robert Böhm
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Copenhagen Center for Social Data Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Ching THW, Davis AK, Xin Y, Williams MT. Effects of Psychedelic Use on Racial Trauma Symptoms and Ethnic Identity among Asians in North America. J Psychoactive Drugs 2023; 55:19-29. [PMID: 35012425 DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2022.2025960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
There is a need to understand ways in which Asians in North America attempt to heal from racial trauma, given their well-documented high risk of exposure and associated adverse mental health outcomes. We conducted a secondary analysis of Asians from a survey of people of color in North America who have consumed psychedelics in response to racial discrimination. Ninety-two Asian participants (Mage = 30.25, SD = 6.83) completed online questions assessing demographics, racial discrimination frequency, characteristics and acute effects of their most meaningful psychedelic experience, change in racial trauma symptoms 30 days before and after their psychedelic experience, and current ethnic identity. Participants reported improvements in racial trauma symptoms (d = 0.52). Bootstrapped mediation analyses controlling for racial discrimination frequency and psychedelic dose and duration indicated complete mediation of the link between higher intensity of insightful experiences and stronger ethnic identity, via improvements in racial trauma symptoms (indirect effect = .08, 95% CI = [.004, .19]). There was partial mediation for the independent variable of lower intensity of challenging experiences (indirect effect = -.08, 95% CI = [-.18, -.005]). This study highlights the central role of higher-intensity insightful experiences and both higher- and lower-intensity challenging experiences in alleviating racial trauma symptoms and promoting ethnic identity among Asians in North America who have experienced racial discrimination. Future research should attune to culturally relevant outcomes of psychedelic use in response to racial discrimination among Asians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terence H W Ching
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Alan K Davis
- College of Social Work, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,Center for Psychedelic and Consciousness Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yitong Xin
- College of Social Work, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Ma Y, Xue W, Liu Q, Xu Y. Discrimination and Deaf Adolescents' Subjective Well-Being: The Role of Deaf Identity. JOURNAL OF DEAF STUDIES AND DEAF EDUCATION 2022; 27:399-407. [PMID: 35589096 DOI: 10.1093/deafed/enac013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study tested the influence of Deaf identity (cognitive identification and affective identification) on the association between perceived deaf discrimination and subjective well-being among Chinese adolescents who are deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHH), based on the rejection-identification model. Questionnaires on perceived deaf discrimination, subjective well-being, Deaf identity, and demographic information were completed by 246 DHH students (15-23 years old) from special residential schools in China. The results indicated that: (1) higher level of perceived deaf discrimination was significantly associated with lower level of subjective well-being (direct effect = -0.24, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [-0.37, -0.12], p < .001); (2) there was a significant indirect effect of perceived deaf discrimination on subjective well-being via cognitive identification (indirect effect = -0.07, 95% CI = [-0.12, -0.01], p < .05); and (3) positive affective identification due to increased cognitive identification with Deaf community may help counteract the negative impact of perceived deaf discrimination on subjective well-being (indirect effect = 0.06, 95% CI = [0.03, 0.10], p < .001). These findings further support the notion that the different components of group identification should be examined separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidan Ma
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Education Science, Leshan Normal University
- Key Laboratory of Personality and Cognition, Leshan Normal University
| | - Weifeng Xue
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Education Science, Leshan Normal University
- Key Laboratory of Personality and Cognition, Leshan Normal University
| | - Qin Liu
- Department of Special Education, Institute of Special Education, Leshan Normal University
| | - Yin Xu
- Department of Sociology & Psychology, School of Public Administration, Sichuan University
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8
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Firat M, Noels KA. Perceived discrimination and psychological distress among immigrants to Canada: The mediating role of bicultural identity orientations. GROUP PROCESSES & INTERGROUP RELATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/1368430221990082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Bicultural identity orientations have rarely been examined in relation to both perceived discrimination and psychological distress. Furthermore, these constructs have usually been studied in isolation, but their intersection is essential for understanding intercultural relations in multicultural societies. Using cross-sectional data from 1,143 Canadian undergraduate students from immigrant families, this study explored the relationship between perceived discrimination and psychological distress, and how bicultural identity orientations might mediate this relationship. The structural equation modeling results indicated that perceived discrimination was associated with higher levels of psychological distress and hybrid, monocultural, alternating, and conflicted orientations, but lower levels of complementary orientation. Alternating and conflicted orientations were related to higher psychological distress, whereas the other orientations were not. Alternating and conflicted orientations mediated the relationship between perceived discrimination and psychological distress, whereas the other orientations did not. The findings are discussed in light of theories on identity integration, rejection–identification, and acculturation.
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Nera K, Jetten J, Biddlestone M, Klein O. 'Who wants to silence us'? Perceived discrimination of conspiracy theory believers increases 'conspiracy theorist' identification when it comes from powerholders - But not from the general public. BRITISH JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 61:1263-1285. [PMID: 35352837 DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We examined how individuals who may be labelled 'conspiracy theorists' respond to discrimination against 'conspiracy theorists'. In line with the Rejection-Identification Model (Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77, 135, 1999), we hypothesized that perceived group-based discrimination against conspiracy theorists would strengthen identification with the 'conspiracy theorist' ingroup. We propose that this relationship might be mediated by meta-conspiracy beliefs, that is, the belief that the discrimination of conspiracy theorists is itself a conspiracy. Three studies (Ns = 97, 364, 747) among participants who had been labelled as 'conspiracy theorist' in the past (Studies 1 and 2) or who had been labelled as such at the beginning of the experiment (Study 3) revealed robust positive relationships between perceived discrimination of conspiracy theorists, meta conspiracy beliefs, and identification. Furthermore, in Studies 2 and 3, identification was strongly associated with positive intergroup differentiation and pride to be a conspiracy theorist. However, there was no evidence that a manipulation of discrimination with bogus public opinion polls affected 'conspiracy theorist' identification or meta-conspiracy beliefs. A Bayesian internal meta-analysis of the studies returned moderate (for group identification) to strong (for meta-conspiracy beliefs) support for the null hypothesis. In contrast, in Study 3, a manipulation of discrimination by powerholders enhanced both identification and meta-conspiracy beliefs. This suggests that the source of discrimination moderates the causal relationship between perceived discrimination of conspiracy theorists and group identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenzo Nera
- Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique, Bruxelles, Belgium.,Center for Social and Cultural Psychology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Jolanda Jetten
- School of Psychology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Olivier Klein
- Center for Social and Cultural Psychology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
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Zhang Y, Wang K. Effect of Social Exclusion on Social Maladjustment Among Chinese Adolescents: A Moderated Mediation Model of Group Identification and Parent-Child Cohesion. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP2387-NP2407. [PMID: 32627680 DOI: 10.1177/0886260520934444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Social exclusion is a covert and widespread social behavior. Different from previous studies on the role of internal and social functions in the relationship between social exclusion and maladjustment, the study aims to explore the influence of individual interaction on the individual-group relationship as well as the impact of relationship changes on adolescent social maladjustment. Based on an integration of social information processing theory and social identification theory, we analyzed the association between social exclusion and adolescents' social maladjustment, especially the mediating role of group identification and the moderating role of parent-child cohesion. Participants were 1,506 Chinese adolescents (Mage = 16.18 years, SD = 0.81). The results demonstrated that the association between social exclusion and adolescent social maladjustment was partly mediated by group identification. Parent-child cohesion was found to moderate the direct effect and first half of mediating path after splitting gender variable. Our findings expand the extant insights on how social exclusion could contribute to adolescent social maladjustment and highlight the important role of father in later adolescence development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhang
- Shenyang Normal University, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Shenyang Normal University, China
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11
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Röder A, Spierings N. What Shapes Attitudes Toward Homosexuality among European Muslims? The Role of Religiosity and Destination Hostility. INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION REVIEW 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/01979183211041288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Muslim migrants and their descendants in Western Europe have consistently been shown to hold more negative attitudes toward homosexuality, the more religious they are. In this article, we go beyond this mono-dimensional view of religiosity and develop a theoretical framework that combines (a) the role of different dimensions of religiosity in anchoring cultural attitudes and (b) the potential impact of destination hostility and discrimination on the retention of cultural attitudes toward homosexuality among Muslim migrants in Western Europe. For the analysis, we use eight rounds of the European Social Survey, enriched with country-level data. Findings indicate that Muslim migrants’ mosque attendance, as a dimension of religiosity, has the negative effect that was expected. Particularly, Muslims who grew up in Western Europe are negative about homosexuality if they attended mosque regularly, whereas among first-generation Muslim migrants, origin-country norms are a strong predictor of attitudes toward homosexuality. In addition, we find that perceived group discrimination drives the maintenance of negative attitudes toward homosexuality, especially among mosque attendees. These results imply that the development of more liberal attitudes among European Muslims is held back by a combination of socialization in conservative religious communities and hostility from host-country populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antje Röder
- Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Niels Spierings
- Radboud Universiteit Radboud Social Cultural Research, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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12
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Degner J, Floether JC, Essien I. Do Members of Disadvantaged Groups Explain Group Status With Group Stereotypes? Front Psychol 2021; 12:750606. [PMID: 34867638 PMCID: PMC8636313 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.750606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent research on group attitudes in members of disadvantaged groups has provided evidence that group evaluations closely align with societal stigma, reflecting outgroup favoritism in members of those groups that are most strongly stigmatized. While outgroup favoritism is clearly evident among some groups, there is still debate about the psychological mechanisms underlying outgroup favoritism. The current research focuses on a less intensively examined aspect of outgroup favoritism, namely the use of status-legitimizing group stereotypes. We present data from members of four disadvantaged groups (i.e., persons who self-categorize as gay or lesbian, n = 205; Black or African American, n = 209; overweight n = 200, or are aged 60-75 years n = 205), who reported the perceived status of their ingroup and a comparison majority outgroup and provided explanations for their status perceptions. Contrary to assumptions from System Justification Theory, participants rarely explained perceived group status differences with group stereotypes, whereas they frequently explained ingroup disadvantage with perceived stigmatization and/or systemic reasons. Further exploratory analyses indicated that participants' status explanations were related to measures of intergroup attitudes, ideological beliefs, stigma consciousness, and experienced discrimination. Our results highlight the need to develop a better understanding whether, under what circumstances, and with which consequences members of disadvantaged groups use group stereotypes as attributions of ingroup status and status differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Degner
- Department of Psychology, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Iniobong Essien
- Department of Social and Organisational Psychology of Social Work, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Lüneburg, Germany
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13
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How prosocial behavior turns bad into good: An examination among Turkish-Bulgarian adolescents. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-019-00352-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Zitelny H, Dror T, Altman S, Bar-Anan Y. The Relation Between Gender Identity and Well-Being. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN 2021; 48:495-515. [PMID: 33858256 DOI: 10.1177/01461672211002362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Does strong gender identity help or harm one's well-being? Previous research suggests that acceptance of one's social group and feelings of belongingness to the group are positively related to well-being, regardless of the group's social status. However, there are inconsistent findings about the relation between well-being and how central the group is to one's identity (centrality), especially among disadvantaged groups (e.g., women). In Studies 1 to 10 (total N = 5,955), we clarified these relations by controlling for shared variance between distinct gender identity aspects. Acceptance and belongingness were positively related to a range of well-being variables. Centrality was negatively related to well-being. These results were consistent across genders. Studies 11 to 14 (total N = 2,380) found that the negative relation between gender centrality and well-being might be mediated by perceived pressure to conform to the masculine role among men and perceived gender inequality among women. These results uncover a burden of strong gender identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hila Zitelny
- Department of Psychology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Tzipi Dror
- School of Psychological Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shahar Altman
- School of Psychological Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yoav Bar-Anan
- School of Psychological Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Chan RCH, Huang YT. A Minority Stress Response Model of Health Behaviors in Gay and Bisexual Men: Results from a Taiwanese Sample. LGBT Health 2021; 8:209-221. [PMID: 33625267 DOI: 10.1089/lgbt.2020.0194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Health disparities among sexual minority men remain and continue to demand novel interventions. Other than risk reduction, a promising approach is to identify pathways to health-promoting behaviors. In this study, depressive symptoms, internalized homophobia, and sense of community connectedness were hypothesized to result from the experience of harassment and rejection, and in turn either promote or inhibit an individual's tendency toward health-promoting behaviors. We accounted for subgroup differences by examining the hypothesized model in gay and bisexual men separately. Methods: This was a cross-sectional survey study. One thousand three hundred eighty-one gay (81.5%) and bisexual (18.5%) Taiwanese men 18-49 years of age (mean = 26.56, standard deviation = 6) were recruited through a social media advertisement and completed an online survey. Structural equation modeling was employed to simultaneously examine multiple hypothesized paths. Results: Harassment and rejection were associated with greater depressive symptoms, internalized homophobia, and sense of community connectedness, which in turn yielded direct or indirect associations with health-promoting behavior among gay men. For bisexual men, depressive symptoms remained an important mechanism linking harassment and rejection and health-promoting behavior, whereas the roles of internalized homophobia and sense of community connectedness appeared less obvious. Conclusion: These findings cast new light on the behavioral implications of minority stress and elucidate the possible underlying mechanisms. The study suggests that more effort should be invested to understand and promote the drivers of health-promoting behavior to reduce health disparities in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randolph Chun Ho Chan
- Department of Special Education and Counseling, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Yu-Te Huang
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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16
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Li D, Ramos MR, Bennett MR, Massey DS, Hewstone M. Does ethnic diversity affect well-being and allostatic load among people across neighbourhoods in England? Health Place 2021; 68:102518. [PMID: 33561700 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2021.102518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Modern societies are facing unprecedented changes in their ethnic composition. Increasing ethnic diversity poses critical new challenges as people interact with new cultures, norms, and values, or avoid such encounters. Heated academic and political debates focus on whether and how changes in ethnic composition affect societies and local communities. Yet, there is insufficient scientific evidence of how living in a more diverse society affects individuals' well-being and health. The aim of this study is to test the extent to which increasing neighbourhood ethnic diversity affects individuals' subjective health and well-being and objective stress levels as measured by allostatic load. We analyse a large panel data set containing over 47,000 English respondents living in 15,545 neighbourhoods in England from the British Household Panel Survey and the UK Household Longitudinal Study, from 2004 to 2011. We match respondents to neighbourhoods and merge contextual information about levels of neighbourhood ethnic diversity and deprivation from UK Censuses, whilst controlling for background characteristics. We distinguish between short- and long-term effects of ethnic diversity on individual subjective well-being and health as well as allostatic load using a set of multilevel mixed-effects models. We make cautious causal interpretations by estimating fixed-effects models and cross-lagged panel models. We assess the robustness of our findings by replicating our analysis using alternative composite measures of diversity and allostatic load. In the short-term, increasing ethnic diversity of local areas is associated with a dip in subjective well-being, but short-term changes are not prolonged or profound enough to affect chronic stress (allostatic load). The initial negative impact of ethnic diversity on subjective well-being and health dissipates with time. In the long-term, no effects of ethnic diversity on well-being and health or chronic stress (allostatic load) are detected. Understanding the dynamic nature of the effects of ethnic diversity on individuals has critical implications for social and public health policies - issues prominent in, for example, the UK (Brexit) and the US (election of President Donald Trump). Our analysis identifies and enables the promotion of beneficial effects, while targeting the pernicious components to turn diversity into a valuable asset in a globalising world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danying Li
- Department of Social Policy, Sociology and Criminology, School of Social Policy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom; Centre for Health Economics & Policy Innovation, Department of Economics & Public Policy, Imperial College Business School, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.
| | - Miguel R Ramos
- Department of Social Policy, Sociology and Criminology, School of Social Policy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom; Centro de Investigação e Intervenção Social, Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, 1649-026 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Matthew R Bennett
- Department of Social Policy, Sociology and Criminology, School of Social Policy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Douglas S Massey
- Office of Population Research, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, United States
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17
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Adjustment experiences of Syrian immigrant university students in Turkey. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-020-01233-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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18
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Alsubaie MK, Dolezal M, Sheikh IS, Rosencrans P, Walker RS, Zoellner LA, Bentley J. Religious coping, perceived discrimination, and posttraumatic growth in an international sample of forcibly displaced Muslims. Ment Health Relig Cult 2021; 24:976-992. [PMID: 36817369 PMCID: PMC9937443 DOI: 10.1080/13674676.2021.1973978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Displaced persons are exposed to trauma and experience posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTS). Many displaced Muslims come from communities that rely on religious practices to cope with traumatic experiences, and religious coping has been identified as predictive of posttraumatic growth (PTG). Discrimination may contribute to increased PTS and promote in-group identification. In this study, we hypothesized that perceived discrimination would enhance the relationship between religious coping and PTG. Results indicated that religious coping predicted PTG, but the overall interaction with discrimination was not significant. However, probing moderating effects at discrete levels of discrimination yielded enhanced relationship between religious coping and PTG at its mean and above until reaching the highest values of discrimination. For individuals who experience moderate to high levels of discrimination, religious coping increased PTG. These findings highlight the essential role of religious coping in promoting growth for many Muslims exposed to forced migration and elevated levels of discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed K. Alsubaie
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Seattle Pacific University, Seattle, WA, USA,Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael Dolezal
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Seattle Pacific University, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ifrah S. Sheikh
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Peter Rosencrans
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Lori A. Zoellner
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jacob Bentley
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Seattle Pacific University, Seattle, WA, USA
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19
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Curll SL, Brown PM. Weight stigma and psychological distress: A moderated mediation model of social identification and internalised bias. Body Image 2020; 35:207-216. [PMID: 33049458 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Links between weight stigma and negative health outcomes are well documented, but risk and protective factors remain unclear. In this study, 458 higher-weight Australian adults completed online self-report measures of perceived weight stigma, weight-based social identification (identity centrality), internalised weight bias, and psychological distress. Associations between these variables were investigated in line with the rejection-identification model and the social identity approach to health. Perceived stigma was positively associated with social identification and psychological distress. Simple mediation analysis showed a positive indirect effect of perceived stigma on psychological distress through social identification. However, moderated mediation analysis revealed that this indirect effect was dependent on internalised bias. Among participants who reported low internalised bias, social identification was associated with lower psychological distress; but for those with high internalised bias, this relationship was reversed. Findings suggest that perceived weight stigma, weight-based social identification, and internalised weight bias are key factors that should be considered together in the design and evaluation of interventions to improve the mental health of higher-weight individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia L Curll
- Discipline of Psychology, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, 11 Kirinari Street, Bruce, ACT, 2617, Australia.
| | - Patricia M Brown
- Discipline of Psychology, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, 11 Kirinari Street, Bruce, ACT, 2617, Australia.
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20
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Bourguignon D, Teixeira CP, Koc Y, Outten HR, Faniko K, Schmitt MT. On the protective role of identification with a stigmatized identity: Promoting engagement and discouraging disengagement coping strategies. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.2703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yasin Koc
- University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
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21
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Bauer CA, Hannover B. Can I Be Myself Around Natives? SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1027/1864-9335/a000423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. The social integration of the ever-growing number of refugees in receiving societies is of major importance. Perceived discrimination has been found to predict fewer friendships with natives over time. But what short-term mechanisms explain this effect? In a sample of 115 refugees living in Germany we (i) replicated the long-term discrimination-social-integration relationship, (ii) found short-term associations between discrimination and affective, motivational, and behavioral tendencies not to befriend natives, and (iii) showed authenticity to mediate this short-term relationship: with increasing discrimination, refugees felt less like they could show their authentic selves around natives, which in turn impaired tendencies to befriend natives. Discrimination may impede the formation of interethnic friendships by instilling feelings of inauthenticity. Implications for prevention measures are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Anna Bauer
- Department of Educational Science and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
| | - Bettina Hannover
- Department of Educational Science and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
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22
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Arce MA, Chan WY, Swartout KM, Latzman RD. Exploring the contribution of racially based harassment and personality to variation in native and American identity in immigrant-origin youth. SELF AND IDENTITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/15298868.2020.1830164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Alejandra Arce
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Urban Life Bdg., 140 Decatur St. SE, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | | | - Kevin M. Swartout
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Urban Life Bdg., 140 Decatur St. SE, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Robert D. Latzman
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Urban Life Bdg., 140 Decatur St. SE, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
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23
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Stevenson C, Turner R, Costa S. “Welcome to our neighbourhood”: Collective confidence in contact facilitates successful mixing in residential settings. GROUP PROCESSES & INTERGROUP RELATIONS 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1368430220961151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, increasing attention has been paid to the antecedents of intergroup contact and, in particular, self-efficacy to engage in intergroup encounters. Contact self-efficacy has been shown to reduce intergroup anxiety and increase willingness to engage in future contact, and is influenced by the positive contact experiences of other group members. However, this work has neglected the collective nature of self-efficacy and, indeed, has typically counterposed the effects of contact and collective efficacy upon group behaviour. We highlight the potential role that collective efficacy can play in facilitating intergroup contact and propose a new concept to capture this phenomenon: collective confidence in contact (CCIC). Using data from two neighbourhood surveys in contrasting areas of Nottingham City, (UK), we show in our first survey ( n = 124) that CCIC is predicted by group identity and that this, in turn, predicts intergroup contact and feelings. In a second survey ( n = 232), we show that the effects of identity and support on CCIC are further mediated by a reduction in intergroup anxiety. We propose that the concept of CCIC returns the understanding of contact to the intergroup level, thereby allowing issues of group identity and the generalisation of contact effects to be investigated more directly.
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24
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Napier JL, Suppes A, Bettinsoli ML. Denial of gender discrimination is associated with better subjective well‐being among women: A system justification account. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.2702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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25
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Korkmaz L, Cingöz-Ulu B. The Immigrant and the Citizen: Out-Group Evaluations and Well-Being of Turkish Immigrants From Bulgaria. Psychol Rep 2020; 124:2203-2228. [PMID: 32878550 DOI: 10.1177/0033294120954136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study examines the postulates of the Rejection Identification Model (RIM) and Rejection Disidentification Model (RDIM) in a sample of 314 ethnic Turks from Bulgaria who migrated to Turkey. We investigate the intervening roles of immigrant and citizen identifications between perceived discrimination and the outcome variables (well-being and out-group evaluations). The results indicate that perceived discrimination predicts negative affect and out-group evaluations. Besides, Turkish citizen identification significantly and positively predicts life satisfaction and satisfaction from living in Turkey, whereas immigrant identification negatively predicts satisfaction in Turkey. Citizen identification predicts positive, and immigrant identification predicts negative out-group evaluations. Immigrant identification plays a mediating role in the link between perceived discrimination and satisfaction in Turkey as well as in that between perceived discrimination and out-group attitudes. The results imply the importance of consideration of contextual factors, including historical and cultural backgrounds, and the meaning of different identities for minority groups in predicting well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leman Korkmaz
- Department of Psychology, 52984Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey; Bremen International Graduate School of Social Sciences, Jacobs University, Bremen, Germany; Department of Psychology, Atılım University, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Psychology, 52984Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Banu Cingöz-Ulu
- Department of Psychology, 52984Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
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26
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Olko J, Hansen K, Wypych M, Kuzawińska O, Bańdur M. From discouragement to self-empowerment. Insights from an ethnolinguistic vitality survey among the Kashubs in Poland. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237395. [PMID: 32817687 PMCID: PMC7446787 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The paper relates the results of an ethnolinguistic vitality (ELV) survey among the Kashubs in Poland. The results reveal two interrelated layers of ELV: (1) an individual ELV reflected in language use and shaped by personal experience, emotions, and language proficiency; (2) a more collective ELV associated with the perception of the group's language strength, its status and utility. The most surprising predictor of linguistic praxis in our study, in addition to language skills, was the positive impact of experienced discouragement on language use. This remained significant when controlling for proficiency. We argue that the correlation between experiencing discouragement and increased language use is best explained by the self-empowerment of speakers who, earlier in their lives, met with negative attitudes toward their heritage language. Rather than succumbing to this discouragement and assimilating to the dominant language, their response was to develop an emotional link to Kashubian and increase their use of this minority language as a conscious act of self-determination and engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Olko
- Center for Research and Practice in Cultural Continuity, Faculty of "Artes Liberales", University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Michał Wypych
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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27
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Bagci SC, Verkuyten M, Koc Y, Turnuklu A, Piyale ZE, Bekmezci E. Being tolerated and being discriminated against: Links to psychological well‐being through threatened social identity needs. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.2699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yasin Koc
- University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
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28
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Mazzoni D, Pancani L, Marinucci M, Riva P. The dual path of the rejection (dis)identification model: A study on adolescents with a migrant background. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.2672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Davide Mazzoni
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology University of Milan Milano Italy
| | - Luca Pancani
- Department of Psychology University of Milano‐Bicocca Milano Italy
| | - Marco Marinucci
- Department of Psychology University of Milano‐Bicocca Milano Italy
| | - Paolo Riva
- Department of Psychology University of Milano‐Bicocca Milano Italy
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29
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Froehlich L, Martiny SE, Deaux K. A Longitudinal Investigation of the Ethnic and National Identities of Children With Migration Background in Germany. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1027/1864-9335/a000403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. How immigrants define their ethnicity and nationality is relevant for integration: They can identify with their ethnic group, the receiving society, and a combination of both. A longitudinal study with elementary-school children with migration background ( N = 200; age 9–10) in Germany investigated the predictors and stability of ethnic and national identities. Ethnic identity was more highly endorsed than national identity. National and dual identities were compatible (i.e., positively related), whereas ethnic identity was compartmentalized (i.e., unrelated to national and dual identities). Contact with Germans predicted national identity over time, but not vice versa. Thus, the study contributes to a better understanding of multiple social identities of young ethnic minority children in light of social psychological theories of social identity development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Froehlich
- Department of Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, FernUniversität in Hagen, Germany
| | - Sarah E. Martiny
- Department of Psychology, Research Group Social Psychology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Kay Deaux
- Department of Psychology, New York University, NY, USA
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30
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Martiny SE, Froehlich L, Soltanpanah J, Haugen MS. Young immigrants in Norway: The role of national and ethnic identity in immigrants' integration. Scand J Psychol 2019; 61:312-324. [PMID: 31813192 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The present work investigates the endorsement, antecedents, relationships, and consequences of young immigrants' social identities in Norway. Despite increasing numbers of refugees and immigrants entering Norway in recent years, little is known about the relationship between immigrants' different social identities and their feeling of integration into Norwegian society. The main goal of the present research is to fill this gap by investigating whether relationships found in other European countries replicate in the Norwegian context. In line with theoretical considerations and earlier international findings, results from two studies with different immigrant groups (Study 1: high school students; N = 97; Study 2: university students; N = 93) show that the more young immigrants in Norway endorse their national (i.e., Norwegian) identity, the less they endorse their ethnic identity (e.g., Kurdish). We further show that perceived conflict between the two cultures cannot explain the negative relationship between national and ethnic identity. In addition, immigrants' national identity endorsement is positively related to their dual identity endorsement (e.g., Kurdish-Norwegian). Positive contact with members of the receiving society predicts young immigrants' feeling of being integrated in Norwegian society and this relationship is mediated by national identity. Results are discussed in terms of the crucial role social identities play in immigrants' feeling of integration into European societies.
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31
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Zubielevitch E, Sibley CG, Osborne D. Chicken or the egg? A cross-lagged panel analysis of group identification and group-based relative deprivation. GROUP PROCESSES & INTERGROUP RELATIONS 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1368430219878782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Group identification and group-based relative deprivation (GRD) are critical predictors of numerous group-oriented attitudes and behaviours. While social-identity-based approaches suggest that salient group identities increase social comparisons, empirical data bearing on the causal direction of the relationship between group identification and GRD are mixed. To resolve this inconsistency, we examined the cross-lagged effects of group identification on GRD—as well as the potential reverse causal pathway—using three annual waves of data from a nationally representative sample of ethnic minorities in New Zealand ( N = 5,115). Although we found evidence of a reciprocal relationship between variables, ethnic group identification had a stronger positive cross-lagged effect on ethnic GRD than vice versa, suggesting that social identity is an important antecedent to invidious group-based comparisons. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of these findings.
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32
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Bagci SC, Olgun S. A social identity needs perspective to Veg*nism: Associations between perceived discrimination and well-being among Veg*ns in Turkey. Appetite 2019; 143:104441. [PMID: 31493425 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2019.104441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
We examined the associations between perceived discrimination, social identity need satisfaction, and well-being among a sample of vegetarians and vegans (veg*ns) in Turkey. Drawing on the Rejection Identification Model, Motivated Identity Construction Theory, and the Social Cure approach, we tested whether perceived discrimination was related to the satisfaction of esteem, meaning, belonging, efficacy, distinctiveness, and continuity needs derived from veg*n group membership and whether the satisfaction of these needs, in turn, was associated with psychological well-being and self-esteem. A total of 350 veg*ns living in Turkey participated in an online study and completed measures of perceived discrimination based on veg*n group membership, veg*n identity need satisfaction, psychological well-being, and global level self-esteem. As expected, perceived discrimination was prevalent among Turkish veg*ns (more so among vegans) and was strongly associated with the greater satisfaction of all identity needs. In turn, the satisfaction of efficacy and continuity needs was related to greater well-being, showing an indirect association between perceived discrimination and well-being. Findings also showed that the satisfaction of the esteem need predicted (less strongly) lower levels of psychological well-being and self-esteem, indicating only some aspects of need satisfaction through veg*n identities to have positive implications for well-being. Findings are discussed in terms of the relevant socio-cultural environment, social identity theories, and stigmatization in the context of veg*n group membership.
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33
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Cheon YM, Yip T. Longitudinal Associations between Ethnic/Racial Identity and Discrimination among Asian and Latinx Adolescents. J Youth Adolesc 2019; 48:1736-1753. [PMID: 31230171 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-019-01055-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The numbers of Asian and Latinx adolescents are growing fast in the United States. While their ethnic/racial identity and experience of discrimination have been found to play important roles in their development, current scholarship has only begun to understand their longitudinal relationships. Moreover, most of the existing studies have examined these associations only at the between-person level. To address these gaps, the current study examined both between- and within-person longitudinal associations between ethn-ic/racial identity (exploration, commitment, private regard, and centrality) and discrimination over a 3-year period among a total of 241 adolescents (Asian: n = 139, Latinx: n = 102; female: 65.96%; M age = 15.27, SD = 0.66). The within-person approach using the random-intercept cross-lagged panel models explained the associations better than the between-person approach using the cross-lagged panel model. Specifically, reciprocal within-person longitudinal associations were found between discrimination and developmental dimensions of ethnic/racial identity (exploration and commitment) for Asian adolescents and content dimensions (private regard and centrality) for Latinx adolescents. These findings imply the usefulness of within-person longitudinal designs in understanding the associations between ethnic/racial identity and discrimination. Implications for potential similarities and differences in the longitudinal associations between ethnic/racial identity development and the experience of discrimination for the two groups are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuen Mi Cheon
- Department of Psychology, Fordham University, 441 East Fordham Rd., Bronx, NY, 10458, USA.
| | - Tiffany Yip
- Department of Psychology, Fordham University, 441 East Fordham Rd., Bronx, NY, 10458, USA
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34
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Bastug MF, Akca D. The Effects of Perceived Islamophobia on Group Identification and Acculturation Attitudes. CANADIAN REVIEW OF SOCIOLOGY = REVUE CANADIENNE DE SOCIOLOGIE 2019; 56:251-273. [PMID: 31063237 DOI: 10.1111/cars.12245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study examines the effects of perceived Islamophobia on group identification and acculturation attitudes in a sample of Turkish Canadians. We tested the rejection-identification model (RIM) and the rejection-disidentification model (RDIM) to examine how perceived Islamophobia affects religious and national identification. The study also explores whether perceived Islamophobia, national identification, and religious identification have any impact on the acculturation attitudes of Turkish immigrants. All relationships were investigated using path analysis. The results suggest that perceived Islamophobia does not affect religious or national identification. Results also show that perceived Islamophobia positively predicts endorsement of marginalization as an acculturation strategy. National identification predicts higher levels of integration and assimilation and lower levels of separation. Those who report higher religious identification are more inclined to prefer separation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Davut Akca
- University of Ontario Institute of Technology
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35
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Crane MF, Louis WR, Phillips JK, Amiot CE, Steffens NK. Identity centrality moderates the relationship between acceptance of group-based stressors and well-being. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.2367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Catherine E. Amiot
- Department of Psychology; University of Québec in Montréal; Montréal Québec Canada
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36
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Clapton NE, Williams J, Jones RSP. The role of shame in the development and maintenance of psychological distress in adults with intellectual disabilities: A narrative review and synthesis. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2017; 31:343-359. [PMID: 29124850 DOI: 10.1111/jar.12424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neil E. Clapton
- North Wales Clinical Psychology Programme School of Psychology Bangor University Bangor UK
| | - Jonathan Williams
- Complex Disabilities Service Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board North Wales UK
| | - Robert S. P. Jones
- North Wales Clinical Psychology Programme School of Psychology Bangor University Bangor UK
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37
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Heath SC, Rabinovich A, Barreto M. Putting identity into the community: Exploring the social dynamics of urban regeneration. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.2296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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38
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Bobowik M, Martinovic B, Basabe N, Barsties LS, Wachter G. ‘Healthy’ identities? Revisiting rejection-identification and rejection-disidentification models among voluntary and forced immigrants. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.2306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nekane Basabe
- University of the Basque Country; San Sebastián Spain
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Rubin M, Stuart R. Kill or cure? Different types of social class identification amplify and buffer the relation between social class and mental health. The Journal of Social Psychology 2017; 158:236-251. [PMID: 28481719 DOI: 10.1080/00224545.2017.1327405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The present research investigated different types of social class identification as moderators of the negative relation between social class and mental health problems. Psychology undergraduates (N = 355) completed an online survey that included measures of social class, mental health and well-being, and three aspects of social class identification: importance of identity, salience of identity, and perceived self-class similarity. Perceived self-class similarity buffered the negative association between social class and depressive symptoms. However, importance and salience of social class identity amplified the associations between social class and anxiety and life satisfaction. These findings contribute to a more sophisticated understanding of the way in which social identification may operate as a social cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Rubin
- a The University of Newcastle , Australia
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Chae DH, Powell WA, Nuru-Jeter AM, Smith-Bynum MA, Seaton EK, Forman TA, Turpin R, Sellers R. The Role of Racial Identity and Implicit Racial Bias in Self-Reported Racial Discrimination: Implications for Depression Among African American Men. JOURNAL OF BLACK PSYCHOLOGY 2017; 43:789-812. [PMID: 29386696 PMCID: PMC5788304 DOI: 10.1177/0095798417690055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Racial discrimination is conceptualized as a psychosocial stressor that has negative implications for mental health. However, factors related to racial identity may influence whether negative experiences are interpreted as instances of racial discrimination and subsequently reported as such in survey instruments, particularly given the ambiguous nature of contemporary racism. Along these lines, dimensions of racial identity may moderate associations between racial discrimination and mental health outcomes. This study examined relationships between racial discrimination, racial identity, implicit racial bias, and depressive symptoms among African American men between 30 and 50 years of age (n = 95). Higher racial centrality was associated with greater reports of racial discrimination, while greater implicit anti-Black bias was associated with lower reports of racial discrimination. In models predicting elevated depressive symptoms, holding greater implicit anti-Black bias in tandem with reporting lower racial discrimination was associated with the highest risk. Results suggest that unconscious as well as conscious processes related to racial identity are important to consider in measuring racial discrimination, and should be integrated in studies of racial discrimination and mental health.
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High power mindsets reduce gender identification and benevolent sexism among women (But not men). JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2016.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Tabbah R, Chung JJ, Miranda AH. Ethnic Identity and Discrimination: An Exploration of the Rejection-Identification Model in Arab American Adolescents. IDENTITY 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/15283488.2016.1231609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Hughes M, Kiecolt KJ, Keith VM, Demo DH. Racial Identity and Well-Being among African Americans. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY QUARTERLY 2015. [DOI: 10.1177/0190272514554043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
How racial identity influences self-esteem and psychological well-being among African Americans remains unresolved due to unexplained inconsistencies in theoretical predictions and empirical findings. Using data from the National Survey of American Life (N = 3,570), we tested hypotheses derived from social identity theory and the internalized racism perspective. Findings support social identity theory in showing that African Americans strongly identify with their group and view it very positively. In addition, those who identify more with their group and evaluate it more positively have greater self-esteem, greater mastery, and fewer depressive symptoms. However, findings also support the internalized racism perspective by showing that when group evaluation is relatively negative, racial identification is related to lower mastery and higher depressive symptoms. We conclude that both social identity theory and the internalized racism perspective are necessary for understanding how racial identity is related to self-attitudes and mental health among African Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - David H. Demo
- University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
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Zagefka H, Jamir L. Conflict, fear and social identity in Nagaland. ASIAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/ajsp.12076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Zagefka
- Department of Psychology; Royal Holloway University of London; Egham UK
| | - Limabenla Jamir
- Department of Psychology; Royal Holloway University of London; Egham UK
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Marques S, Swift HJ, Vauclair CM, Lima ML, Bratt C, Abrams D. ‘Being old and ill’ across different countries: Social status, age identification and older people’s subjective health. Psychol Health 2014; 30:699-714. [DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2014.938742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Ramos MR, Cassidy C, Reicher S, Haslam SA. Well-being in cross-cultural transitions: discrepancies between acculturation preferences and actual intergroup and intragroup contact. JOURNAL OF APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/jasp.12272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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