1
|
Chi PL, Cheng CC, Wang MT, Liao JB, Kuo SH, Lin KC, Shen MC, Huang WC. Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived exosomes attenuate vascular remodelling in pulmonary arterial hypertension by targeting HIF-1α and Runx2. Cardiovasc Res 2024; 120:203-214. [PMID: 38252891 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvad185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by extensive pulmonary arterial remodelling. Although mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived exosomes provide protective effects in PAH, MSCs exhibit limited senescence during in vitro expansion compared with the induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Moreover, the exact mechanism is not known. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, we used murine iPSCs generated from mouse embryonic fibroblasts with triple factor (Oct4, Klf4, and Sox2) transduction to determine the efficacy and action mechanism of iPSC-derived exosomes (iPSC-Exo) in attenuating PAH in rats with monocrotaline (MCT)-induced pulmonary hypertension. Both early and late iPSC-Exo treatment effectively prevented the wall thickening and muscularization of pulmonary arterioles, improved the right ventricular systolic pressure, and alleviated the right ventricular hypertrophy in MCT-induced PAH rats. Pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMC) derived from MCT-treated rats (MCT-PASMC) developed more proliferative and pro-migratory phenotypes, which were attenuated by the iPSC-Exo treatment. Moreover, the proliferation and migration of MCT-PASMC were reduced by iPSC-Exo with suppression of PCNA, cyclin D1, MMP-1, and MMP-10, which are mediated via the HIF-1α and P21-activated kinase 1/AKT/Runx2 pathways. CONCLUSION IPSC-Exo are effective at reversing pulmonary hypertension by reducing pulmonary vascular remodelling and may provide an iPSC-free therapy for the treatment of PAH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Ling Chi
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chang Cheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Tzu Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Bin Liao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Hung Kuo
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Chang Lin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Min-Ci Shen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chun Huang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Therapy, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hu P, Hu L, Chen Y, Wang F, Xiao Y, Tong Z, Li H, Xiang M, Tong Q, Zhang Y. Chaetocochin J exhibits anti-hepatocellular carcinoma effect independent of hypoxia. Bioorg Chem 2023; 139:106701. [PMID: 37393781 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
The most studied epipolythiodioxopiperazine (ETP) alkaloids, such as chetomin, gliotoxin and chaetocin, were reported to exert their antitumor effects through targeting HIF-1α. Chaetocochin J (CJ) is another ETP alkaloid, of which the effect and mechanism on cancer are not fully elucidated. Considering the high incidence and mortality of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in China, in the present study, using HCC cell lines and tumor-bearing mice as models, we explored the anti-HCC effect and mechanism of CJ. Particularly, we investigated whether HIF-1α is related to the function of CJ. The results showed that, both under normoxic and CoCl2 induced-hypoxic conditions, CJ in low concentrations (<1 µM) inhibits the proliferation, induces G2/M phase arrest, leading to the disorder of metabolism, migration, invasion, and caspase-dependent apoptosis in HepG2 and Hep3B cells. CJ also showed anti-tumor effect on a nude xenograft mice model without significant toxicity. Moreover, we demonstrated that the key to CJ's function is mainly associate with its inhibition of PI3K/Akt/mTOR/p70S6K/4EBP1 pathway independent of hypoxia, and it also could suppress the expression of HIF-1α as well as disrupt the binding of HIF-1α/p300 and subsequently inhibits the expression of its target genes under hypoxic condition. These results demonstrated that CJ possessed a hypoxia-independent anti-HCC effects in vitro and in vivo, which was mainly attributable to its inhibition on the upstream pathways of HIF-1α.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of High-throughput Drug Screening Technology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, Hubei, China
| | - Linzhen Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of High-throughput Drug Screening Technology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, Hubei, China
| | - Yizhan Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital Affiliated with Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Fuqian Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, 215 Zhongshan Road, Wuhan 430022, Hubei, China; Faculty of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, Hubei, China
| | - Yang Xiao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji-Rongcheng Center for Biomedicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Zhou Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of High-throughput Drug Screening Technology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, Hubei, China
| | - Hua Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji-Rongcheng Center for Biomedicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Ming Xiang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji-Rongcheng Center for Biomedicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Qingyi Tong
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji-Rongcheng Center for Biomedicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Yonghui Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji-Rongcheng Center for Biomedicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ma Z, Mo R, Yang P, Ding Y, Zhang H, Dong Z, Chen Y, Tan Q. PDK4 facilitates fibroblast functions and diabetic wound healing through regulation of HIF-1α protein stability and gene expression. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23215. [PMID: 37737961 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300874rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblast activation disorder is one of the main pathogenic characteristics of diabetic wounds. Orchestrated fibroblast functions and myofibroblast differentiation are crucial for wound contracture and extracellular matrix (ECM) formation. Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4), a key enzyme regulating energy metabolism, has been implicated in modulating fibroblast function, but its specific role in diabetic wounds remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the impact of PDK4 on diabetic wounds and its underlying mechanisms. To assess the effect of PDK4 on human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs), we conducted CCK-8, EdU proliferation assay, wound healing assay, transwell assay, flow cytometry, and western blot analyses. Metabolic shifts were analyzed using the Seahorse XF analyzer, while changes in metabolite expression were measured through LC-MS. Local recombinant PDK4 administration was implemented to evaluate its influence on wound healing in diabetic mice. Finally, we found that sufficient PDK4 expression is essential for a normal wound-healing process, while PDK4 is low expressed in diabetic wound tissues and fibroblasts. PDK4 promotes proliferation, migration, and myofibroblast differentiation of HDFs and accelerates wound healing in diabetic mice. Mechanistically, PDK4-induced metabolic reprogramming increases the level of succinate that inhibits PHD2 enzyme activity, thus leading to the stability of the HIF-1α protein, during which process the elevated HIF-1α mRNA by PDK4 is also indispensable. In conclusion, PDK4 promotes fibroblast functions through regulation of HIF-1α protein stability and gene expression. Local recombinant PDK4 administration accelerates wound healing in diabetic mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhouji Ma
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ran Mo
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Ping Yang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Youjun Ding
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Jiangsu University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Emergency Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University (Zhenjiang Fourth People's Hospital), Zhenjiang, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Zheng Dong
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Yutong Chen
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Tan
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Anqing Shihua Hospital, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Group, Anqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Braga CL, Santos RT, da Silva CM, de Novaes Rocha N, Felix NS, Medeiros M, Melo MM, Silva JD, Teixeira DE, Neves CC, Rocco PRM, Cruz FF, Silva PL. Therapeutic effects of hypoxia-preconditioned bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells and their extracellular vesicles in experimental pulmonary arterial hypertension. Life Sci 2023; 329:121988. [PMID: 37517581 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate BM-MSCs and their extracellular vesicles (EVs) preconditioned with hypoxia or normoxia in experimental pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). MAIN METHODS BM-MSCs were isolated and cultured under normoxia (MSC-N, 21%O2) or hypoxia (MSC-H, 1%O2) for 48 h. EVs were then isolated from MSCs under normoxia (EV-N) or hypoxia (EV-H). PAH was induced in male Wistar rats (n = 35) with monocrotaline (60 mg/kg); control animals (CTRL, n = 7) were treated with saline. On day 14, PAH animals received MSCs or EVs under normoxia or hypoxia, intravenously (n = 7/group). On day 28, right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP), pulmonary acceleration time (PAT)/pulmonary ejection time (PET), and right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) index were evaluated. Perivascular collagen content, vascular wall thickness, and endothelium-mesenchymal transition were analyzed. KEY FINDINGS PAT/PET was lower in the PAH group (0.26 ± 0.02, P < 0.001) than in CTRLs (0.43 ± 0.02) and only increased in the EV-H group (0.33 ± 0.03, P = 0.014). MSC-N (32 ± 6 mmHg, P = 0.036), MSC-H (31 ± 3 mmHg, P = 0.019), EV-N (27 ± 4 mmHg, P < 0.001), and EV-H (26 ± 5 mmHg, P < 0.001) reduced RVSP compared with the PAH group (39 ± 4 mmHg). RVH was higher in the PAH group than in CTRL and reduced after all therapies. All therapies decreased perivascular collagen fiber content, vascular wall thickness, and the expression of endothelial markers remained unaltered; only MSC-H and EV-H decreased expression of mesenchymal markers in pulmonary arterioles. SIGNIFICANCE MSCs and EVs, under normoxia or hypoxia, reduced right ventricular hypertrophy, perivascular collagen, and vessel wall thickness. Under hypoxia, MSCs and EVs were more effective at improving endothelial to mesenchymal transition in experimental PAH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cássia Lisboa Braga
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Renata Trabach Santos
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carla Medeiros da Silva
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Nazareth de Novaes Rocha
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Brazil
| | - Nathane Santanna Felix
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Mayck Medeiros
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Monique Martins Melo
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Johnatas Dutra Silva
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Douglas Esteves Teixeira
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cell Signaling, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Celso Caruso Neves
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cell Signaling, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Patricia Rieken Macedo Rocco
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Ferreira Cruz
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Pedro Leme Silva
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhao SS, Liu J, Wu QC, Zhou XL. Role of histone lactylation interference RNA m 6A modification and immune microenvironment homeostasis in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1268646. [PMID: 37771377 PMCID: PMC10522917 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1268646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a severe disease resulting from progressive increases in pulmonary vascular resistance and pulmonary vascular remodeling, ultimately leading to right ventricular failure and even death. Hypoxia, inflammation, immune reactions, and epigenetic modifications all play significant contributory roles in the mechanism of PAH. Increasingly, epigenetic changes and their modifying factors involved in reprogramming through regulation of methylation or the immune microenvironment have been identified. Among them, histone lactylation is a new post-translational modification (PTM), which provides a novel visual angle on the functional mechanism of lactate and provides a promising diagnosis and treatment method for PAH. This review detailed introduces the function of lactate as an important molecule in PAH, and the effects of lactylation on N6-methyladenosine (m6A) and immune cells. It provides a new perspective to further explore the development of lactate regulation of pulmonary hypertension through histone lactylation modification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai-shuai Zhao
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jinlong Liu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi-cai Wu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xue-liang Zhou
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pinto-Cardoso R, Bessa-Andrês C, Correia-de-Sá P, Bernardo Noronha-Matos J. Could hypoxia rehabilitate the osteochondral diseased interface? Lessons from the interplay of hypoxia and purinergic signals elsewhere. Biochem Pharmacol 2023:115646. [PMID: 37321413 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The osteochondral unit comprises the articular cartilage (90%), subchondral bone (5%) and calcified cartilage (5%). All cells present at the osteochondral unit that is ultimately responsible for matrix production and osteochondral homeostasis, such as chondrocytes, osteoblasts, osteoclasts and osteocytes, can release adenine and/or uracil nucleotides to the local microenvironment. Nucleotides are released by these cells either constitutively or upon plasma membrane damage, mechanical stress or hypoxia conditions. Once in the extracellular space, endogenously released nucleotides can activate membrane-bound purinoceptors. Activation of these receptors is fine-tuning regulated by nucleotides' breakdown by enzymes of the ecto-nucleotidase cascade. Depending on the pathophysiological conditions, both the avascular cartilage and the subchondral bone subsist to significant changes in oxygen tension, which has a tremendous impact on tissue homeostasis. Cell stress due to hypoxic conditions directly influences the expression and activity of several purinergic signalling players, namely nucleotide release channels (e.g. Cx43), NTPDase enzymes and purinoceptors. This review gathers experimental evidence concerning the interplay between hypoxia and the purinergic signalling cascade contributing to osteochondral unit homeostasis. Reporting deviations to this relationship resulting from pathological alterations of articular joints may ultimately unravel novel therapeutic targets for osteochondral rehabilitation. At this point, one can only hypothesize how hypoxia mimetic conditions can be beneficial to the ex vivo expansion and differentiation of osteo- and chondro-progenitors for auto-transplantation and tissue regenerative purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Pinto-Cardoso
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia; Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines (MedInUP), Departamento de Imuno-Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar - Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP)
| | - Catarina Bessa-Andrês
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia; Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines (MedInUP), Departamento de Imuno-Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar - Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP)
| | - Paulo Correia-de-Sá
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia; Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines (MedInUP), Departamento de Imuno-Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar - Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP)
| | - José Bernardo Noronha-Matos
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia; Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines (MedInUP), Departamento de Imuno-Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar - Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP).
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mechanism of Hypoxia-Mediated Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation Leading to Vascular Remodeling. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:3959845. [PMID: 36593773 PMCID: PMC9805398 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3959845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Vascular remodeling refers to changes in the size, contraction, distribution, and flow rate of blood vessels and even changes in vascular function. Vascular remodeling can cause cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. It can also lead to other systemic diseases, such as pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary atherosclerosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, stroke, and ascites of broilers. Hypoxia is one of the main causes of vascular remodeling. Prolonged hypoxia or intermittent hypoxia can lead to loss of lung ventilation, causing respiratory depression, irregular respiratory rhythms, and central respiratory failure. Animals that are unable to adapt to the highland environment are also prone to sustained constriction of the small pulmonary arteries, increased resistance to pulmonary circulation, and impaired blood circulation, leading to pulmonary hypertension and right heart failure if they live in a highland environment for long periods of time. However, limited studies have been found on the relationship between hypoxia and vascular remodeling. Therefore, this review will explore the relationship between hypoxia and vascular remodeling from the aspects of endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, abnormal calcium channel, disordered cellular metabolism, abnormal expression of miRNA, and other factors. This will help to understand the detailed mechanism of hypoxia-mediated smooth muscle cell proliferation and vascular remodeling for the better treatment and management of diseases due to vascular remodeling.
Collapse
|
8
|
Locatelli F, Minutolo R, De Nicola L, Del Vecchio L. Evolving Strategies in the Treatment of Anaemia in Chronic Kidney Disease: The HIF-Prolyl Hydroxylase Inhibitors. Drugs 2022; 82:1565-1589. [PMID: 36350500 PMCID: PMC9645314 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-022-01783-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects approximately 10% of the worldwide population; anaemia is a frequent complication. Inadequate erythropoietin production and absolute or functional iron deficiency are the major causes. Accordingly, the current treatment is based on iron and erythropoiesis stimulating agents (ESAs). Available therapy has dramatically improved the management of anaemia and the quality of life. However, safety concerns were raised over ESA use, especially when aiming to reach near-to-normal haemoglobin levels with high doses. Moreover, many patients show hypo-responsiveness to ESA. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) prolyl hydroxylase domain (PHD) inhibitors (HIF-PHIs) were developed for the oral treatment of anaemia in CKD to overcome these concerns. They simulate the body's exposure to moderate hypoxia, stimulating the production of endogenous erythropoietin. Some molecules are already approved for clinical use in some countries. Data from clinical trials showed non-inferiority in anaemia correction compared to ESA or superiority for placebo. Hypoxia-inducible factor-prolyl hydroxylase domain inhibitors may also have additional advantages in inflamed patients, improving iron utilisation and mobilisation and decreasing LDL-cholesterol. Overall, non-inferiority was also shown in major cardiovascular events, except for one molecule in the non-dialysis population. This was an unexpected finding, considering the lower erythropoietin levels reached using these drugs due to their peculiar mechanism of action. More data and longer follow-ups are necessary to better clarifying safety issues and further investigate the variety of pathways activated by HIF, which could have either positive or negative effects and could differentiate HIF-PHIs from ESAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Locatelli
- Past Director of the Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, Alessandro Manzoni Hospital, via Fratelli Cairoli 60, 23900, Lecco, Italy.
| | - Roberto Minutolo
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University L. Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Luca De Nicola
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University L. Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Lucia Del Vecchio
- Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, Sant' Anna Hospital, ASST Lariana, Como, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jones JC, Bodenstine TM. Connexins and Glucose Metabolism in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710172. [PMID: 36077565 PMCID: PMC9455984 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Connexins are a family of transmembrane proteins that regulate diverse cellular functions. Originally characterized for their ability to mediate direct intercellular communication through the formation of highly regulated membrane channels, their functions have been extended to the exchange of molecules with the extracellular environment, and the ability to modulate numerous channel-independent effects on processes such as motility and survival. Notably, connexins have been implicated in cancer biology for their context-dependent roles that can both promote or suppress cancer cell function. Moreover, connexins are able to mediate many aspects of cellular metabolism including the intercellular coupling of nutrients and signaling molecules. During cancer progression, changes to substrate utilization occur to support energy production and biomass accumulation. This results in metabolic plasticity that promotes cell survival and proliferation, and can impact therapeutic resistance. Significant progress has been made in our understanding of connexin and cancer biology, however, delineating the roles these multi-faceted proteins play in metabolic adaptation of cancer cells is just beginning. Glucose represents a major carbon substrate for energy production, nucleotide synthesis, carbohydrate modifications and generation of biosynthetic intermediates. While cancer cells often exhibit a dependence on glycolytic metabolism for survival, cellular reprogramming of metabolic pathways is common when blood perfusion is limited in growing tumors. These metabolic changes drive aggressive phenotypes through the acquisition of functional traits. Connections between glucose metabolism and connexin function in cancer cells and the surrounding stroma are now apparent, however much remains to be discovered regarding these relationships. This review discusses the existing evidence in this area and highlights directions for continued investigation.
Collapse
|
10
|
Vascular peroxidase 1 promotes phenotypic transformation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells via ERK pathway in hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertensive rats. Life Sci 2022; 307:120910. [PMID: 36029851 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Vascular peroxidase 1 (VPO1) plays an important role in mediation of vascular remodeling with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). This study aims to determine whether VPO1 can promote phenotypic transformation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) and the underlying mechanisms. MAIN METHODS Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were exposed to 10 % O2 for 21 days to establish the model of vascular remodeling in pulmonary arterial hypertension. PASMCs were incubated with 3 % O2 for 48 h to induce phenotypic transformation. Western blot was performed to detect the expressions of target proteins. The 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) assay was conducted to measure the proliferation of PASMCs. KEY FINDINGS In the rats exposed to hypoxia, there were increases in right ventricular systolic pressure, pulmonary vascular remodeling and phenotypic transformation of PASMCs (the down-regulated contractile proteins of α-smooth muscle actin, smooth muscle 22α while the up-regulated synthetic proteins of osteopontin, cyclinD1), accompanied by up-regulation of VPO1, increase of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) production and elevation of the phosphorylation of ERK. In the cultured PASMCs exposed to hypoxia, similar results were achieved but they were reversed by VPO1 small interfering RNA (VPO1 siRNA) or HOCl inhibitor. Replacement of hypoxia with NaOCl could induce PASMCs phenotypic transformation and activate the ERK signaling. Furthermore, ERK inhibitor (PD98059) could also attenuate hypoxia-induced PASMCs phenotypic transformation. SIGNIFICANCE VPO1 play a pivotal role in promotion of phenotypic transformation of PASMCs under hypoxic condition through activation of VPO1/HOCl/ERK pathway. It might serve as a potential target for prevention of pulmonary vascular remodeling.
Collapse
|
11
|
Christou H, Khalil RA. Mechanisms of pulmonary vascular dysfunction in pulmonary hypertension and implications for novel therapies. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022; 322:H702-H724. [PMID: 35213243 PMCID: PMC8977136 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00021.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a serious disease characterized by various degrees of pulmonary vasoconstriction and progressive fibroproliferative remodeling and inflammation of the pulmonary arterioles that lead to increased pulmonary vascular resistance, right ventricular hypertrophy, and failure. Pulmonary vascular tone is regulated by a balance between vasoconstrictor and vasodilator mediators, and a shift in this balance to vasoconstriction is an important component of PH pathology, Therefore, the mainstay of current pharmacological therapies centers on pulmonary vasodilation methodologies that either enhance vasodilator mechanisms such as the NO-cGMP and prostacyclin-cAMP pathways and/or inhibit vasoconstrictor mechanisms such as the endothelin-1, cytosolic Ca2+, and Rho-kinase pathways. However, in addition to the increased vascular tone, many patients have a "fixed" component in their disease that involves altered biology of various cells in the pulmonary vascular wall, excessive pulmonary artery remodeling, and perivascular fibrosis and inflammation. Pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell (PASMC) phenotypic switch from a contractile to a synthetic and proliferative phenotype is an important factor in pulmonary artery remodeling. Although current vasodilator therapies also have some antiproliferative effects on PASMCs, they are not universally successful in halting PH progression and increasing survival. Mild acidification and other novel approaches that aim to reverse the resident pulmonary vascular pathology and structural remodeling and restore a contractile PASMC phenotype could ameliorate vascular remodeling and enhance the responsiveness of PH to vasodilator therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helen Christou
- Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Raouf A Khalil
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sun QW, Sun Z. Stem Cell Therapy for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: An Update. J Heart Lung Transplant 2022; 41:692-703. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2022.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
|
13
|
New Insights into Pulmonary Hypertension: A Role for Connexin-Mediated Signalling. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010379. [PMID: 35008804 PMCID: PMC8745497 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension is a serious clinical condition characterised by increased pulmonary arterial pressure. This can lead to right ventricular failure which can be fatal. Connexins are gap junction-forming membrane proteins which serve to exchange small molecules of less than 1 kD between cells. Connexins can also form hemi-channels connecting the intracellular and extracellular environments. Hemi-channels can mediate adenosine triphosphate release and are involved in autocrine and paracrine signalling. Recently, our group and others have identified evidence that connexin-mediated signalling may be involved in the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension. In this review, we discuss the evidence that dysregulated connexin-mediated signalling is associated with pulmonary hypertension.
Collapse
|
14
|
Han XJ, Zhang WF, Wang Q, Li M, Zhang CB, Yang ZJ, Tan RJ, Gan LJ, Zhang LL, Lan XM, Zhang FL, Hong T, Jiang LP. HIF-1α promotes the proliferation and migration of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells via activation of Cx43. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:10663-10673. [PMID: 34698450 PMCID: PMC8581339 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) is an important cause of pulmonary vascular remodelling in hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension (HPH). However, its underlying mechanism has not been well elucidated. Connexin 43 (Cx43) plays crucial roles in vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation in various cardiovascular diseases. Here, the male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were exposed to hypoxia (10% O2 ) for 21 days to induce rat HPH model. PASMCs were treated with CoCl2 (200 µM) for 24 h to establish the HPH cell model. It was found that hypoxia up-regulated the expression of Cx43 and phosphorylation of Cx43 at Ser 368 in rat pulmonary arteries and PASMCs, and stimulated the proliferation and migration of PASMCs. HIF-1α inhibitor echinomycin attenuated the CoCl2 -induced Cx43 expression and phosphorylation of Cx43 at Ser 368 in PASMCs. The interaction between HIF-1α and Cx43 promotor was also identified using chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. Moreover, Cx43 specific blocker (37,43 Gap27) or knockdown of Cx43 efficiently alleviated the proliferation and migration of PASMCs under chemically induced hypoxia. Therefore, the results above suggest that HIF-1α, as an upstream regulator, promotes the expression of Cx43, and the HIF-1α/Cx43 axis regulates the proliferation and migration of PASMCs in HPH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jian Han
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targets and Drug Screening of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China.,Institute of Geriatrics, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wei-Fang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Chun-Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targets and Drug Screening of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhang-Jian Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ren-Jie Tan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Li-Jun Gan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Le-Ling Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xue-Mei Lan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Fang-Lin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Tao Hong
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Li-Ping Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targets and Drug Screening of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| |
Collapse
|