1
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Rosser N, Seixas F, Queste LM, Cama B, Mori-Pezo R, Kryvokhyzha D, Nelson M, Waite-Hudson R, Goringe M, Costa M, Elias M, Mendes Eleres de Figueiredo C, Freitas AVL, Joron M, Kozak K, Lamas G, Martins ARP, McMillan WO, Ready J, Rueda-Muñoz N, Salazar C, Salazar P, Schulz S, Shirai LT, Silva-Brandão KL, Mallet J, Dasmahapatra KK. Hybrid speciation driven by multilocus introgression of ecological traits. Nature 2024; 628:811-817. [PMID: 38632397 PMCID: PMC11041799 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07263-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Hybridization allows adaptations to be shared among lineages and may trigger the evolution of new species1,2. However, convincing examples of homoploid hybrid speciation remain rare because it is challenging to demonstrate that hybridization was crucial in generating reproductive isolation3. Here we combine population genomic analysis with quantitative trait locus mapping of species-specific traits to examine a case of hybrid speciation in Heliconius butterflies. We show that Heliconius elevatus is a hybrid species that is sympatric with both parents and has persisted as an independently evolving lineage for at least 180,000 years. This is despite pervasive and ongoing gene flow with one parent, Heliconius pardalinus, which homogenizes 99% of their genomes. The remaining 1% introgressed from the other parent, Heliconius melpomene, and is scattered widely across the H. elevatus genome in islands of divergence from H. pardalinus. These islands contain multiple traits that are under disruptive selection, including colour pattern, wing shape, host plant preference, sex pheromones and mate choice. Collectively, these traits place H. elevatus on its own adaptive peak and permit coexistence with both parents. Our results show that speciation was driven by introgression of ecological traits, and that speciation with gene flow is possible with a multilocus genetic architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Rosser
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK.
| | - Fernando Seixas
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Bruna Cama
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK
| | - Ronald Mori-Pezo
- URKU Estudios Amazónicos, Tarapoto, Perú
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Alto Amazona, Yurimaguas, Perú
| | - Dmytro Kryvokhyzha
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | | | - Matt Goringe
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK
| | | | - Marianne Elias
- Institut Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, UMR 7205 MNHN-CNRS-EPHE-UPMC Sorbonne Universités, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama
| | - Clarisse Mendes Eleres de Figueiredo
- Institute for Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém, Brazil
- Centre for Advanced Studies of Biodiversity (CEABIO), Belém, Brazil
| | - André Victor Lucci Freitas
- Departamento de Biologia Animal and Museu de Diversidade Biológica, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mathieu Joron
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, UMR 5175 CNRS, Université de Montpellier-Université Paul Valéry Montpellier-EPHE, Montpellier, France
| | - Krzysztof Kozak
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama
| | - Gerardo Lamas
- Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | | | - W Owen McMillan
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama
| | - Jonathan Ready
- Institute for Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém, Brazil
- Centre for Advanced Studies of Biodiversity (CEABIO), Belém, Brazil
| | - Nicol Rueda-Muñoz
- Biology Program, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Camilo Salazar
- Biology Program, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Patricio Salazar
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Stefan Schulz
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Leila T Shirai
- Departamento de Biologia Animal and Museu de Diversidade Biológica, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karina L Silva-Brandão
- Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, Museum de Natur Hamburg Zoology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - James Mallet
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Kanchon K Dasmahapatra
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK
- Leverhulme Centre for Anthropocene Biodiversity, Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK
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2
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Martins ARP, Warren NB, McMillan WO, Barrett RDH. Spatiotemporal dynamics in butterfly hybrid zones. INSECT SCIENCE 2024; 31:328-353. [PMID: 37596954 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Evaluating whether hybrid zones are stable or mobile can provide novel insights for evolution and conservation biology. Butterflies exhibit high sensitivity to environmental changes and represent an important model system for the study of hybrid zone origins and maintenance. Here, we review the literature exploring butterfly hybrid zones, with a special focus on their spatiotemporal dynamics and the potential mechanisms that could lead to their movement or stability. We then compare different lines of evidence used to investigate hybrid zone dynamics and discuss the strengths and weaknesses of each approach. Our goal with this review is to reveal general conditions associated with the stability or mobility of butterfly hybrid zones by synthesizing evidence obtained using different types of data sampled across multiple regions and spatial scales. Finally, we discuss spatiotemporal dynamics in the context of a speciation/divergence continuum, the relevance of hybrid zones for conservation biology, and recommend key topics for future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananda R Pereira Martins
- Redpath Museum, McGill University, 859 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Gamboa, Panama City, Panama
| | - Natalie B Warren
- Redpath Museum, McGill University, 859 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - W Owen McMillan
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Gamboa, Panama City, Panama
| | - Rowan D H Barrett
- Redpath Museum, McGill University, 859 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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3
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Hebberecht L, Wainwright JB, Thompson C, Kershenbaum S, McMillan WO, Montgomery SH. Plasticity and genetic effects contribute to different axes of neural divergence in a community of mimetic Heliconius butterflies. J Evol Biol 2023; 36:1116-1132. [PMID: 37341138 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.14188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Changes in ecological preference, often driven by spatial and temporal variation in resource distribution, can expose populations to environments with divergent information content. This can lead to adaptive changes in the degree to which individuals invest in sensory systems and downstream processes, to optimize behavioural performance in different contexts. At the same time, environmental conditions can produce plastic responses in nervous system development and maturation, providing an alternative route to integrating neural and ecological variation. Here, we explore how these two processes play out across a community of Heliconius butterflies. Heliconius communities exhibit multiple Mullerian mimicry rings, associated with habitat partitioning across environmental gradients. These environmental differences have previously been linked to heritable divergence in brain morphology in parapatric species pairs. They also exhibit a unique dietary adaptation, known as pollen feeding, that relies heavily on learning foraging routes, or trap-lines, between resources, which implies an important environmental influence on behavioural development. By comparing brain morphology across 133 wild-caught and insectary-reared individuals from seven Heliconius species, we find strong evidence for interspecific variation in patterns of neural investment. These largely fall into two distinct patterns of variation; first, we find consistent patterns of divergence in the size of visual brain components across both wild and insectary-reared individuals, suggesting genetically encoded divergence in the visual pathway. Second, we find interspecific differences in mushroom body size, a central component of learning and memory systems, but only among wild caught individuals. The lack of this effect in common-garden individuals suggests an extensive role for developmental plasticity in interspecific variation in the wild. Finally, we illustrate the impact of relatively small-scale spatial effects on mushroom body plasticity by performing experiments altering the cage size and structure experienced by individual H. hecale. Our data provide a comprehensive survey of community level variation in brain structure, and demonstrate that genetic effects and developmental plasticity contribute to different axes of interspecific neural variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Hebberecht
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Gamboa, Panama
| | | | | | | | | | - Stephen H Montgomery
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Gamboa, Panama
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4
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Pereira Martins AR, Martins LP, Ho W, McMillan WO, Ready JS, Barrett R. Scale-dependent environmental effects on phenotypic distributions in Heliconius butterflies. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9286. [PMID: 36177141 PMCID: PMC9471044 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Identifying the relative importance of different mechanisms responsible for the emergence and maintenance of phenotypic diversity can be challenging, as multiple selective pressures and stochastic events are involved in these processes. Therefore, testing how environmental conditions shape the distribution of phenotypes can offer important insights on local adaptation, divergence, and speciation. The red-yellow Müllerian mimicry ring of Heliconius butterflies exhibits a wide diversity of color patterns across the Neotropics and is involved in multiple hybrid zones, making it a powerful system to investigate environmental drivers of phenotypic distributions. Using the distantly related Heliconius erato and Heliconius melpomene co-mimics and a multiscale distribution approach, we investigated whether distinct phenotypes of these species are associated with different environmental conditions. We show that Heliconius red-yellow phenotypic distribution is strongly driven by environmental gradients (especially thermal and precipitation variables), but that phenotype and environment associations vary with spatial scale. While co-mimics are usually predicted to occur in similar environments at large spatial scales, patterns at local scales are not always consistent (i.e., different variables are best predictors of phenotypic occurrence in different locations) or congruent (i.e., co-mimics show distinct associations with environment). We suggest that large-scale analyses are important for identifying how environmental factors shape broad mimetic phenotypic distributions, but that local studies are essential to understand the context-dependent biotic, abiotic, and historical mechanisms driving finer-scale phenotypic transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananda R. Pereira Martins
- Redpath MuseumMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada,Smithsonian Tropical Research InstitutePanama CityPanama
| | - Lucas P. Martins
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of CanterburyChristchurchNew Zealand
| | | | | | - Jonathan S. Ready
- Instituto de Ciências BiológicasUniversidade Federal do ParáBelémBrazil
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5
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Farfán J, Cerdeña J, Huanca-Mamani W, Vargas HA, Gonçalves GL, Moreira GRP. Host Plant Variation and Lack of Genetic Differentiation in Populations of Dione ( Agraulis) dodona Lamas & Farfán (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). INSECTS 2022; 13:819. [PMID: 36135520 PMCID: PMC9506569 DOI: 10.3390/insects13090819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Dione (Agraulis) dodona (Nymphalidae: Heliconiinae) is a butterfly restricted to the western slopes of the Andes of Peru and Chile and is associated with Malesherbia tenuifolia in xerophytic environments. In this study, we found six additional species of host plants for D. (A.) dodona belonging to the genus Malesherbia (Passifloraceae). We used mitochondrial DNA sequences (COI) and microsatellites to screen genetic variation and investigate population structure in six geographic disjointed populations of D. (A.) dodona associated with distinct Malesherbia species. The PCoA analysis based on allele frequencies evidenced a lack of differentiation among populations and a low FST. The Bayesian cluster analyses revealed the existence of three genetically distinct groups, but almost all individuals present an admixture ancestry. An absence of isolation by distance pattern was observed. Possible scenarios are discussed: a bottleneck or recent colonization from interconnected populations from the south, and ongoing gene flow among local populations by high dispersal through a landscape formed of isolated populations of Malesherbia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackie Farfán
- PPG Biologia Animal, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenue Bento Gonçalves 9500, Porto Alegre 91501-970, RS, Brazil
| | - José Cerdeña
- Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa, Avenue Alcides Carrión s/n, Arequipa 04000, Peru
| | - Wilson Huanca-Mamani
- Departamento de Producción Agrícola, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile
| | - Héctor A. Vargas
- Departamento de Recursos Ambientales, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Tarapacá, Casilla 6-D, Arica 1000000, Chile
| | - Gislene L. Gonçalves
- Departamento de Recursos Ambientales, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Tarapacá, Casilla 6-D, Arica 1000000, Chile
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenue Bento Gonçalves 9500, Porto Alegre 91501-970, RS, Brazil
| | - Gilson R. P. Moreira
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenue Bento Gonçalves 9500, Porto Alegre 91501-970, RS, Brazil
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6
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Mattila ALK, Jiggins CD, Saastamoinen M. Condition dependence in biosynthesized chemical defenses of an aposematic and mimetic
Heliconius
butterfly. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9041. [PMID: 35784031 PMCID: PMC9227709 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Aposematic animals advertise their toxicity or unpalatability with bright warning coloration. However, acquiring and maintaining chemical defenses can be energetically costly, and consequent associations with other important traits could shape chemical defense evolution. Here, we have tested whether chemical defenses are involved in energetic trade‐offs with other traits, or whether the levels of chemical defenses are condition dependent, by studying associations between biosynthesized cyanogenic toxicity and a suite of key life‐history and fitness traits in a Heliconius butterfly under a controlled laboratory setting. Heliconius butterflies are well known for the diversity of their warning color patterns and widespread mimicry and can both sequester the cyanogenic glucosides of their Passiflora host plants and biosynthesize these toxins de novo. We find energetically costly life‐history traits to be either unassociated or to show a general positive association with biosynthesized cyanogenic toxicity. More toxic individuals developed faster and had higher mass as adults and a tendency for increased lifespan and fecundity. These results thus indicate that toxicity level of adult butterflies may be dependent on individual condition, influenced by genetic background or earlier conditions, with maternal effects as one strong candidate mechanism. Additionally, toxicity was higher in older individuals, consistent with previous studies indicating accumulation of toxins with age. As toxicity level at death was independent of lifespan, cyanogenic glucoside compounds may have been recycled to release resources relevant for longevity in these long‐living butterflies. Understanding the origins and maintenance of variation in defenses is necessary in building a more complete picture of factors shaping the evolution of aposematic and mimetic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anniina L. K. Mattila
- Research Centre for Ecological Change, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
- HiLIFE – Helsinki Institute of Life Science University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
- Finnish Museum of Natural History (LUOMUS) University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | | | - Marjo Saastamoinen
- Research Centre for Ecological Change, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
- HiLIFE – Helsinki Institute of Life Science University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
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7
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Neural divergence and hybrid disruption between ecologically isolated Heliconius butterflies. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2015102118. [PMID: 33547240 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2015102118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of behavioral evolution during speciation is well established, but we know little about how this is manifest in sensory and neural systems. A handful of studies have linked specific neural changes to divergence in host or mate preferences associated with speciation. However, the degree to which brains are adapted to local environmental conditions, and whether this contributes to reproductive isolation between close relatives that have diverged in ecology, remains unknown. Here, we examine divergence in brain morphology and neural gene expression between closely related, but ecologically distinct, Heliconius butterflies. Despite ongoing gene flow, sympatric species pairs within the melpomene-cydno complex are consistently separated across a gradient of open to closed forest and decreasing light intensity. By generating quantitative neuroanatomical data for 107 butterflies, we show that Heliconius melpomene and Heliconius cydno clades have substantial shifts in brain morphology across their geographic range, with divergent structures clustered in the visual system. These neuroanatomical differences are mirrored by extensive divergence in neural gene expression. Differences in both neural morphology and gene expression are heritable, exceed expected rates of neutral divergence, and result in intermediate traits in first-generation hybrid offspring. Strong evidence of divergent selection implies local adaptation to distinct selective optima in each parental microhabitat, suggesting the intermediate traits of hybrids are poorly matched to either condition. Neural traits may therefore contribute to coincident barriers to gene flow, thereby helping to facilitate speciation.
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8
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Mattila ALK, Jiggins CD, Opedal ØH, Montejo-Kovacevich G, Pinheiro de Castro ÉC, McMillan WO, Bacquet C, Saastamoinen M. Evolutionary and ecological processes influencing chemical defense variation in an aposematic and mimetic Heliconius butterfly. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11523. [PMID: 34178447 PMCID: PMC8216171 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemical defences against predators underlie the evolution of aposematic coloration and mimicry, which are classic examples of adaptive evolution. Surprisingly little is known about the roles of ecological and evolutionary processes maintaining defence variation, and how they may feedback to shape the evolutionary dynamics of species. Cyanogenic Heliconius butterflies exhibit diverse warning color patterns and mimicry, thus providing a useful framework for investigating these questions. We studied intraspecific variation in de novo biosynthesized cyanogenic toxicity and its potential ecological and evolutionary sources in wild populations of Heliconius erato along environmental gradients, in common-garden broods and with feeding treatments. Our results demonstrate substantial intraspecific variation, including detectable variation among broods reared in a common garden. The latter estimate suggests considerable evolutionary potential in this trait, although predicting the response to selection is likely complicated due to the observed skewed distribution of toxicity values and the signatures of maternal contributions to the inheritance of toxicity. Larval diet contributed little to toxicity variation. Furthermore, toxicity profiles were similar along steep rainfall and altitudinal gradients, providing little evidence for these factors explaining variation in biosynthesized toxicity in natural populations. In contrast, there were striking differences in the chemical profiles of H. erato from geographically distant populations, implying potential local adaptation in the acquisition mechanisms and levels of defensive compounds. The results highlight the extensive variation and potential for adaptive evolution in defense traits for aposematic and mimetic species, which may contribute to the high diversity often found in these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anniina L K Mattila
- Research Centre for Ecological Change, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Helsinki Life Science Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Current affiliation: Finnish Museum of Natural History (LUOMUS), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Chris D Jiggins
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Marjo Saastamoinen
- Research Centre for Ecological Change, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Helsinki Life Science Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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9
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Jermy T, Szentesi Á. Why are there not more herbivorous insect species? ACTA ZOOL ACAD SCI H 2021. [DOI: 10.17109/azh.67.2.119.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Insect species richness is estimated to exceed three million species, of which roughly half is herbivorous. Despite the vast number of species and varied life histories, the proportion of herbivorous species among plant-consuming organisms is lower than it could be due to constraints that impose limits to their diversification. These include ecological factors, such as vague interspecific competition; anatomical and physiological limits, such as neural limits and inability of handling a wide range of plant allelochemicals; phylogenetic constraints, like niche conservatism; and most importantly, a low level of concerted genetic variation necessary to a phyletic conversion. It is suggested that diversification ultimately depends on what we call the intrinsic trend of diversification of the insect genome. In support of the above, we survey the major types of host-specificity, the mechanisms and constraints of host specialization, possible pathways of speciation, and hypotheses concerning insect diversification.
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10
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Xu M, Shaw KL. Spatial Mixing between Calling Males of Two Closely Related, Sympatric Crickets Suggests Beneficial Heterospecific Interactions in a NonAdaptive Radiation. J Hered 2021; 111:84-91. [PMID: 31782960 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esz062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sympatry among closely related species occurs in both adaptive and nonadaptive radiations. Among closely related, sympatric species of a nonadaptive radiation, the lack of ecological differentiation brings species into continual contact where individuals are exposed to the risk of reproductive interference. Selection thus should cause divergence in multiple components mediating the reproductive boundary. Besides differentiation of reproductive signals per se, spatial segregation is a commonly proposed mechanism that can mitigate reproductive interference. Studying a pair of broadly sympatric, closely related cricket species from a nonadaptive radiation in Hawaii, we 1) quantified acoustic divergence of male songs and 2) tested alternative hypotheses of spatial distribution of calling males of the 2 species. Acoustic analyses of the recorded songs showed that, while the 2 species differed substantially in pulse rate, no spectral or fine temporal segregation of the pulse structure was evident, indicating the potential for acoustic masking. Moreover, we found that calling males of the 2 species are highly mixed both vertically and horizontally and showed the same preference for calling sites. More surprisingly, calling males were found to form mixed-species calling clusters where heterospecific males are closer to each other than conspecific males. Such an individual spacing pattern suggests low heterospecific aggression and/or high conspecific competition. Because females prefer higher sound intensity, heterospecific males may benefit, rather than interfere, with each other in attracting females. These findings offer a potential mechanism enabling species coexistence in sympatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzi Xu
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Kerry L Shaw
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
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11
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de Castro ÉCP, Musgrove J, Bak S, McMillan WO, Jiggins CD. Phenotypic plasticity in chemical defence of butterflies allows usage of diverse host plants. Biol Lett 2021; 17:20200863. [PMID: 33784874 PMCID: PMC8086984 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2020.0863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Host plant specialization is a major force driving ecological niche partitioning and diversification in insect herbivores. The cyanogenic defences of Passiflora plants keep most herbivores at bay, but not the larvae of Heliconius butterflies, which can both sequester and biosynthesize cyanogenic compounds. Here, we demonstrate that both Heliconius cydno chioneus and H. melpomene rosina have remarkable plasticity in their chemical defences. When feeding on Passiflora species with cyanogenic compounds that they can readily sequester, both species downregulate the biosynthesis of these compounds. By contrast, when fed on Passiflora plants that do not contain cyanogenic glucosides that can be sequestered, both species increase biosynthesis. This biochemical plasticity comes at a fitness cost for the more specialist H. m. rosina, as adult size and weight for this species negatively correlate with biosynthesis levels, but not for the more generalist H. c. chioneus. By contrast, H. m rosina has increased performance when sequestration is possible on its specialized host plant. In summary, phenotypic plasticity in biochemical responses to different host plants offers these butterflies the ability to widen their range of potential hosts within the Passiflora genus, while maintaining their chemical defences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Søren Bak
- Plant Biochemistry, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen
| | | | - Chris D. Jiggins
- Butterfly Genetics Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, UK
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12
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Thompson KA, Urquhart-Cronish M, Whitney KD, Rieseberg LH, Schluter D. Patterns, Predictors, and Consequences of Dominance in Hybrids. Am Nat 2021; 197:E72-E88. [PMID: 33625966 DOI: 10.1086/712603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AbstractCompared to those of their parents, are the traits of first-generation (F1) hybrids typically intermediate, biased toward one parent, or mismatched for alternative parental phenotypes? To address this empirical gap, we compiled data from 233 crosses in which traits were measured in a common environment for two parent taxa and their F1 hybrids. We find that individual traits in F1s are halfway between the parental midpoint and one parental value. Considering pairs of traits together, a hybrid's bivariate phenotype tends to resemble one parent (parent bias) about 50% more than the other, while also exhibiting a similar magnitude of mismatch due to different traits having dominance in conflicting directions. Using data from an experimental field planting of recombinant hybrid sunflowers, we illustrate that parent bias improves fitness, whereas mismatch reduces fitness. Our study has three major conclusions. First, hybrids are not phenotypically intermediate but rather exhibit substantial mismatch. Second, dominance is likely determined by the idiosyncratic evolutionary trajectories of individual traits and populations. Finally, selection against hybrids likely results from selection against both intermediate and mismatched phenotypes.
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13
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Coevolutionary patterns caused by prey selection. J Theor Biol 2020; 501:110327. [PMID: 32422140 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2020.110327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Many theoretical models have been formulated to better understand the coevolutionary patterns that emerge from antagonistic interactions. These models usually assume that the attacks by the exploiters are random, so the effect of victim selection by exploiters on coevolutionary patterns remains unexplored. Here we analytically studied the payoff for predators and prey under coevolution assuming that every individual predator can attack only a small number of prey any given time, considering two scenarios: (i) predation occurs at random; (ii) predators select prey according to phenotype matching. We also develop an individual based model to verify the robustness of our analytical prediction. We show that both scenarios result in well known similar coevolutionary patterns if population sizes are sufficiently high: symmetrical coevolutionary branching and symmetrical coevolutionary cycling (Red Queen dynamics). However, for small population sizes, prey selection can cause unexpected coevolutionary patterns. One is the breaking of symmetry of the coevolutionary pattern, where the phenotypes evolve towards one of two evolutionarily stable patterns. As population size increases, the phenotypes oscillate between these two values in a novel form of Red Queen dynamics, the episodic reversal between the two stable patterns. Thus, prey selection causes prey phenotypes to evolve towards more extreme values, which reduces the fitness of both predators and prey, increasing the likelihood of extinction.
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14
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Ohsaki N, Ohata M, Sato Y, Rausher MD. Host Plant Choice Determined by Reproductive Interference between Closely Related Butterflies. Am Nat 2020; 196:512-523. [PMID: 32970464 DOI: 10.1086/710211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AbstractA number of empirical studies have concluded that reproductive interference (RI) contributes to parapatric species distributions or sexual exclusion. However, the possibility that divergent host plant use in phytophagous insects is due to sexual exclusion has seldom been considered. Here, we present evidence that RI is responsible for different host plant use by two Pierid butterfly species, Pieris napi and Pieris melete. When a novel host species was introduced about 50 years ago, two Pierid butterfly species at first used both the ancestral host species and the novel one. Subsequently, P. napi shifted to use only the novel host, while P. melete shifted to specialize on the ancestral host. To explain these patterns, we investigated whether the two host species differ in suitability for larval growth and survival. Additionally, we tested whether RI occurred between the two butterfly species using large outdoor field cages. Courtship of females by conspecific and heterospecific males reduces the number of eggs laid by approximately half. However, RI is asymmetric and would generate selection on P. melete females to evolve to avoid the more suitable host species preferred by P. napi. Thus, our study suggests that sexual exclusion can explain the shift in host plant use by these two butterfly species.
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15
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Rosser N, Queste LM, Cama B, Edelman NB, Mann F, Mori Pezo R, Morris J, Segami C, Velado P, Schulz S, Mallet JLB, Dasmahapatra KK. Geographic contrasts between pre- and postzygotic barriers are consistent with reinforcement in Heliconius butterflies. Evolution 2020; 73:1821-1838. [PMID: 31334832 PMCID: PMC6771877 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Identifying the traits causing reproductive isolation and the order in which they evolve is fundamental to understanding speciation. Here, we quantify prezygotic and intrinsic postzygotic isolation among allopatric, parapatric, and sympatric populations of the butterflies Heliconius elevatus and Heliconius pardalinus. Sympatric populations from the Amazon (H. elevatus and H. p. butleri) exhibit strong prezygotic isolation and rarely mate in captivity; however, hybrids are fertile. Allopatric populations from the Amazon (H. p. butleri) and Andes (H. p. sergestus) mate freely when brought together in captivity, but the female F1 hybrids are sterile. Parapatric populations (H. elevatus and H. p. sergestus) exhibit both assortative mating and sterility of female F1s. Assortative mating in sympatric populations is consistent with reinforcement in the face of gene flow, where the driving force, selection against hybrids, is due to disruption of mimicry and other ecological traits rather than hybrid sterility. In contrast, the lack of assortative mating and hybrid sterility observed in allopatric populations suggests that geographic isolation enables the evolution of intrinsic postzygotic reproductive isolation. Our results show how the types of reproductive barriers that evolve between species may depend on geography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Rosser
- Department of Biology, University of York, Wentworth Way, Heslington, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom.,Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02138
| | - Lucie M Queste
- Department of Biology, University of York, Wentworth Way, Heslington, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Bruna Cama
- Department of Biology, University of York, Wentworth Way, Heslington, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Nathaniel B Edelman
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02138
| | - Florian Mann
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ronald Mori Pezo
- URKU Estudios Amazónicos, Jr. Saposoa 181, Tarapoto, San Martín, Perú
| | - Jake Morris
- Department of Biology, University of York, Wentworth Way, Heslington, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Carolina Segami
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18d, 75236, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Patricia Velado
- Department for Quality Assurance Analytics, Bavarian State Research Center for Agriculture, Lange Point 6, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Stefan Schulz
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - James L B Mallet
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02138
| | - Kanchon K Dasmahapatra
- Department of Biology, University of York, Wentworth Way, Heslington, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
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16
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van Schooten B, Meléndez-Rosa J, Van Belleghem SM, Jiggins CD, Tan JD, McMillan WO, Papa R. Divergence of chemosensing during the early stages of speciation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:16438-16447. [PMID: 32601213 PMCID: PMC7371972 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1921318117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemosensory communication is essential to insect biology, playing indispensable roles during mate-finding, foraging, and oviposition behaviors. These traits are particularly important during speciation, where chemical perception may serve to establish species barriers. However, identifying genes associated with such complex behavioral traits remains a significant challenge. Through a combination of transcriptomic and genomic approaches, we characterize the genetic architecture of chemoperception and the role of chemosensing during speciation for a young species pair of Heliconius butterflies, Heliconius melpomene and Heliconius cydno We provide a detailed description of chemosensory gene-expression profiles as they relate to sensory tissue (antennae, legs, and mouthparts), sex (male and female), and life stage (unmated and mated female butterflies). Our results untangle the potential role of chemical communication in establishing barriers during speciation and identify strong candidate genes for mate and host plant choice behaviors. Of the 252 chemosensory genes, HmOBP20 (involved in volatile detection) and HmGr56 (a putative synephrine-related receptor) emerge as strong candidates for divergence in pheromone detection and host plant discrimination, respectively. These two genes are not physically linked to wing-color pattern loci or other genomic regions associated with visual mate preference. Altogether, our results provide evidence for chemosensory divergence between H. melpomene and H. cydno, two rarely hybridizing butterflies with distinct mate and host plant preferences, a finding that supports a polygenic architecture of species boundaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bas van Schooten
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00925;
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institution, Balboa Ancón, 0843-03092 Panama, Republic of Panama
| | - Jesyka Meléndez-Rosa
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00925;
| | - Steven M Van Belleghem
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00925
| | - Chris D Jiggins
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, CB2 8PQ Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - W Owen McMillan
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institution, Balboa Ancón, 0843-03092 Panama, Republic of Panama
| | - Riccardo Papa
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00925;
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institution, Balboa Ancón, 0843-03092 Panama, Republic of Panama
- Molecular Sciences and Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00907
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17
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Darragh K, Montejo‐Kovacevich G, Kozak KM, Morrison CR, Figueiredo CME, Ready JS, Salazar C, Linares M, Byers KJRP, Merrill RM, McMillan WO, Schulz S, Jiggins CD. Species specificity and intraspecific variation in the chemical profiles of Heliconius butterflies across a large geographic range. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:3895-3918. [PMID: 32489619 PMCID: PMC7244815 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In many animals, mate choice is important for the maintenance of reproductive isolation between species. Traits important for mate choice and behavioral isolation are predicted to be under strong stabilizing selection within species; however, such traits can also exhibit variation at the population level driven by neutral and adaptive evolutionary processes. Here, we describe patterns of divergence among androconial and genital chemical profiles at inter- and intraspecific levels in mimetic Heliconius butterflies. Most variation in chemical bouquets was found between species, but there were also quantitative differences at the population level. We found a strong correlation between interspecific chemical and genetic divergence, but this correlation varied in intraspecific comparisons. We identified "indicator" compounds characteristic of particular species that included compounds already known to elicit a behavioral response, suggesting an approach for identification of candidate compounds for future behavioral studies in novel systems. Overall, the strong signal of species identity suggests a role for these compounds in species recognition, but with additional potentially neutral variation at the population level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathy Darragh
- Department of ZoologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Smithsonian Tropical Research InstitutePanama CityPanama
| | | | | | - Colin R. Morrison
- Smithsonian Tropical Research InstitutePanama CityPanama
- Department of Integrative BiologyThe University of Texas at AustinAustinTXUSA
| | | | - Jonathan S. Ready
- Institute for Biological SciencesUniversidade Federal do ParáBelémBrazil
| | - Camilo Salazar
- Biology ProgramFaculty of Natural Sciences and MathematicsUniversidad del RosarioBogotaColombia
| | - Mauricio Linares
- Biology ProgramFaculty of Natural Sciences and MathematicsUniversidad del RosarioBogotaColombia
| | - Kelsey J. R. P. Byers
- Department of ZoologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Smithsonian Tropical Research InstitutePanama CityPanama
| | - Richard M. Merrill
- Smithsonian Tropical Research InstitutePanama CityPanama
- Division of Evolutionary BiologyFaculty of BiologyLudwig‐Maximilians‐Universität MünchenMunichGermany
| | | | - Stefan Schulz
- Institute of Organic ChemistryTechnische Universität BraunschweigBraunschweigGermany
| | - Chris D. Jiggins
- Department of ZoologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Smithsonian Tropical Research InstitutePanama CityPanama
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18
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Darragh K, Byers KJRP, Merrill RM, McMillan WO, Schulz S, Jiggins CD. Male pheromone composition depends on larval but not adult diet in Heliconius melpomene. ECOLOGICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2019; 44:397-405. [PMID: 31217661 PMCID: PMC6563479 DOI: 10.1111/een.12716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
1. Condition-dependent traits can act as honest signals of mate quality, with fitter individuals being able to display preferred phenotypes. Nutrition is known to be an important determinant of individual condition, with diet known to affect many secondary sexual traits. 2. In Heliconius butterflies, male chemical signalling plays an important role in female mate choice. Potential male sex pheromone components have been identified previously, although it is unclear what information they convey to the female. 3. In the present study, the effect of diet on androconial and genital compound production is tested in male Heliconius melpomene rosina. To manipulate larval diet, larvae are reared on three different Passiflora host plants: Passiflora menispermifolia, the preferred host plant, Passiflora vitifolia and Passiflora platyloba. To manipulate adult diet, adult butterflies are reared with and without access to pollen, a key component of their diet. 4. No evidence is found to suggest that adult pollen consumption affects compound production in the first 10 days after eclosion. There is also a strong overlap in the chemical profiles of individuals reared on different larval host plants. The most abundant compounds produced by the butterflies do not differ between host plant groups. However, some compounds found in small amounts differ both qualitatively and quantitatively. Some of these compounds are predicted to be of plant origin and the others synthesised by the butterfly. Further electrophysiological and behavioural experiments will be needed to determine the biological significance of these differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathy Darragh
- Department of ZoologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeU.K.
- Smithsonian Tropical Research InstitutePanama
| | - Kelsey J. R. P. Byers
- Department of ZoologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeU.K.
- Smithsonian Tropical Research InstitutePanama
| | - Richard M. Merrill
- Smithsonian Tropical Research InstitutePanama
- Division of Evolutionary BiologyLudwig‐Maximilians‐UniversitätMunichGermany
| | | | - Stefan Schulz
- Department of Life Sciences, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Organic ChemistryTechnische Universität BraunschweigBraunschweigGermany
| | - Chris D. Jiggins
- Department of ZoologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeU.K.
- Smithsonian Tropical Research InstitutePanama
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19
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Rosser N, Freitas AVL, Huertas B, Joron M, Lamas G, Mérot C, Simpson F, Willmott KR, Mallet J, Dasmahapatra KK. Cryptic speciation associated with geographic and ecological divergence in two Amazonian Heliconius butterflies. Zool J Linn Soc 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zly046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neil Rosser
- Department of Biology, University of York, Wentworth Way, Heslington, UK
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - André V L Freitas
- Departamento de Biologia Animal and Museu de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Blanca Huertas
- Life Sciences Department, Natural History Museum, London, UK
| | - Mathieu Joron
- Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, UMR 5175 CNRS - Université de Montpellier - Université Paul Valéry Montpellier - EPHE, Montpellier, France
| | - Gerardo Lamas
- Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Fraser Simpson
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK
| | - Keith R Willmott
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - James Mallet
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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20
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Thurman TJ, Brodie E, Evans E, McMillan WO. Facultative pupal mating in Heliconius erato: Implications for mate choice, female preference, and speciation. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:1882-1889. [PMID: 29435261 PMCID: PMC5792586 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mating systems have broad impacts on how sexual selection and mate choice operate within a species, but studies of mating behavior in the laboratory may not reflect how these processes occur in the wild. Here, we examined the mating behavior of the neotropical butterfly Heliconius erato in the field by releasing larvae and virgin females and observing how they mated. H. erato is considered a pupal-mating species (i.e., males mate with females as they emerge from the pupal case). However, we observed only two teneral mating events, and experimentally released virgins were almost all mated upon recapture. Our study confirms the presence of some pupal-mating behavior in H. erato, but suggests that adult mating is likely the prevalent mating strategy in this species. These findings have important implications for the role of color pattern and female mate choice in the generation of reproductive isolation in this diverse genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J. Thurman
- Smithsonian Tropical Research InstitutePanama CityRepublic of Panama
- Department of Biology and Redpath MuseumMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada
| | - Emily Brodie
- Smithsonian Tropical Research InstitutePanama CityRepublic of Panama
- Department of Environmental Science and PolicyUniversity of California‐Davis, One Shields AveDavisCA 95616
| | - Elizabeth Evans
- Smithsonian Tropical Research InstitutePanama CityRepublic of Panama
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Puerto Rico, Rio PedrasSan JuanPuerto Rico
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21
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Mérot C, Salazar C, Merrill RM, Jiggins CD, Joron M. What shapes the continuum of reproductive isolation? Lessons from Heliconius butterflies. Proc Biol Sci 2018; 284:rspb.2017.0335. [PMID: 28592669 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2017.0335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The process by which species evolve can be illuminated by investigating barriers that limit gene flow between taxa. Recent radiations, such as Heliconius butterflies, offer the opportunity to compare isolation between pairs of taxa at different stages of ecological, geographical, and phylogenetic divergence. Here, we report a comparative analysis of existing and novel data in order to quantify the strength and direction of isolating barriers within a well-studied clade of Heliconius Our results highlight that increased divergence is associated with the accumulation of stronger and more numerous barriers to gene flow. Wing pattern is both under natural selection for Müllerian mimicry and involved in mate choice, and therefore underlies several isolating barriers. However, pairs which share a similar wing pattern also display strong reproductive isolation mediated by traits other than wing pattern. This suggests that, while wing pattern is a key factor for early stages of divergence, it may become facultative at later stages of divergence. Additional factors including habitat partitioning, hybrid sterility, and chemically mediated mate choice are associated with complete speciation. Therefore, although most previous work has emphasized the role of wing pattern, our comparative results highlight that speciation is a multi-dimensional process, whose completion is stabilized by many factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Mérot
- ISYEB UMR 7205, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 45 rue Buffon, Paris, France .,IBIS, Université Laval, 1030 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec, Canada
| | - C Salazar
- Biology Program, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Universidad del Rosario, Carrera, 24 No 63C-69, Bogota D.C., 111221, Colombia
| | - R M Merrill
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK.,Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, MRC 0580-12, Unit 9100 Box 0948, DPO AA 34002-9998, Panama
| | - C D Jiggins
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK.,Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, MRC 0580-12, Unit 9100 Box 0948, DPO AA 34002-9998, Panama
| | - M Joron
- ISYEB UMR 7205, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 45 rue Buffon, Paris, France .,Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, UMR 5175 CNRS - Université de Montpellier - Université Paul Valéry Montpellier - EPHE, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France
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22
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Pitteloud C, Arrigo N, Suchan T, Mastretta-Yanes A, Vila R, Dincă V, Hernández-Roldán J, Brockmann E, Chittaro Y, Kleckova I, Fumagalli L, Buerki S, Pellissier L, Alvarez N. Climatic niche evolution is faster in sympatric than allopatric lineages of the butterfly genus Pyrgus. Proc Biol Sci 2017; 284:rspb.2017.0208. [PMID: 28404781 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2017.0208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding how speciation relates to ecological divergence has long fascinated biologists. It is assumed that ecological divergence is essential to sympatric speciation, as a mechanism to avoid competition and eventually lead to reproductive isolation, while divergence in allopatry is not necessarily associated with niche differentiation. The impact of the spatial context of divergence on the evolutionary rates of abiotic dimensions of the ecological niche has rarely been explored for an entire clade. Here, we compare the magnitude of climatic niche shifts between sympatric versus allopatric divergence of lineages in butterflies. By combining next-generation sequencing, parametric biogeography and ecological niche analyses applied to a genus-wide phylogeny of Palaearctic Pyrgus butterflies, we compare evolutionary rates along eight climatic dimensions across sister lineages that diverged in large-scale sympatry versus allopatry. In order to examine the possible effects of the spatial scale at which sympatry is defined, we considered three sets of biogeographic assignments, ranging from narrow to broad definition. Our findings suggest higher rates of niche evolution along all climatic dimensions for sister lineages that diverge in sympatry, when using a narrow delineation of biogeographic areas. This result contrasts with significantly lower rates of climatic niche evolution found in cases of allopatric speciation, despite the biogeographic regions defined here being characterized by significantly different climates. Higher rates in allopatry are retrieved when biogeographic areas are too widely defined-in such a case allopatric events may be recorded as sympatric. Our results reveal the macro-evolutionary significance of abiotic niche differentiation involved in speciation processes within biogeographic regions, and illustrate the importance of the spatial scale chosen to define areas when applying parametric biogeographic analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Pitteloud
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland .,Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Nils Arrigo
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tomasz Suchan
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Alicia Mastretta-Yanes
- CONACYT Research Fellow assigned to CONABIO, Comisión Nacional para el conocimiento y uso de la Biodiversidad, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Roger Vila
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vlad Dincă
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.,Center for Biodiversity Genomics, Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Juan Hernández-Roldán
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.,Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Yannick Chittaro
- Centre Suisse de Cartographie de la Faune, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Irena Kleckova
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Luca Fumagalli
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sven Buerki
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, UK
| | - Loïc Pellissier
- Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Nadir Alvarez
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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23
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de Castro ÉCP, Zagrobelny M, Cardoso MZ, Bak S. The arms race between heliconiine butterflies and Passiflora plants - new insights on an ancient subject. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2017; 93:555-573. [PMID: 28901723 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Heliconiines are called passion vine butterflies because they feed exclusively on Passiflora plants during the larval stage. Many features of Passiflora and heliconiines indicate that they have radiated and speciated in association with each other, and therefore this model system was one of the first examples used to exemplify coevolution theory. Three major adaptations of Passiflora plants supported arguments in favour of their coevolution with heliconiines: unusual variation of leaf shape within the genus; the occurrence of yellow structures mimicking heliconiine eggs; and their extensive diversity of defence compounds called cyanogenic glucosides. However, the protection systems of Passiflora plants go beyond these three features. Trichomes, mimicry of pathogen infection through variegation, and production of extrafloral nectar to attract ants and other predators of their herbivores, are morphological defences reported in this plant genus. Moreover, Passiflora plants are well protected chemically, not only by cyanogenic glucosides, but also by other compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins and phenolics. Heliconiines can synthesize cyanogenic glucosides themselves, and their ability to handle these compounds was probably one of the most crucial adaptations that allowed the ancestor of these butterflies to feed on Passiflora plants. Indeed, it has been shown that Heliconius larvae can sequester cyanogenic glucosides and alkaloids from their host plants and utilize them for their own benefit. Recently, it was discovered that Heliconius adults have highly accurate visual and chemosensory systems, and the expansion of brain structures that can process such information allows them to memorize shapes and display elaborate pre-oviposition behaviour in order to defeat visual barriers evolved by Passiflora species. Even though the heliconiine-Passiflora model system has been intensively studied, the forces driving host-plant preference in these butterflies remain unclear. New studies have shown that host-plant preference seems to be genetically controlled, but in many species there is some plasticity in this choice and preferences can even be induced. Although much knowledge regarding the coevolution of Passiflora plants and heliconiine butterflies has accumulated in recent decades, there remain many exciting unanswered questions concerning this model system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Érika C P de Castro
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mika Zagrobelny
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Márcio Z Cardoso
- Department of Ecology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, 59078-900, Brazil
| | - Søren Bak
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871, Copenhagen, Denmark
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24
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Mann F, Vanjari S, Rosser N, Mann S, Dasmahapatra KK, Corbin C, Linares M, Pardo-Diaz C, Salazar C, Jiggins C, Schulz S. The Scent Chemistry of Heliconius Wing Androconia. J Chem Ecol 2017; 43:843-857. [PMID: 28791540 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-017-0867-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Neotropical Heliconius butterflies are members of various mimicry rings characterized by diverse colour patterns. In the present study we investigated whether a similar diversity is observed in the chemistry of volatile compounds present in male wing androconia. Recent research has shown that these androconia are used during courting of females. Three to five wild-caught male Heliconius individuals of 17 species and subspecies were analyzed by GC/MS. Most of the identified compounds originate from common fatty acids precursors, including aldehydes, alcohols, acetates or esters preferentially with a C18 and C20 chain, together with some alkanes. The compounds occurred in species-specific mixtures or signatures. For example, octadecanal is characteristic for H. melpomene, but variation in composition between the individuals was observed. Cluster analysis of compound occurrence in individual bouquets and analyses based on biosynthetic motifs such as functional group, chain length, or basic carbon-backbone modification were used to reveal structural patterns. Mimetic pairs contain different scent bouquets, but also some compounds in common, whereas sympatric species, both mimetic and non-mimetic, have more distinct compound compositions. The compounds identified here may play a role in mate choice thus helping maintain species integrity in a butterfly genus characterized by pervasive interspecific gene flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Mann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Sohini Vanjari
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Neil Rosser
- Department of Biology, University of York, Wentworth Way, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Sandra Mann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Kanchon K Dasmahapatra
- Department of Biology, University of York, Wentworth Way, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Chris Corbin
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Mauricio Linares
- Biology Program, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Universidad del Rosario, Cra. 24 No 63C-69, Bogotá D.C., 111221, Colombia
| | - Carolina Pardo-Diaz
- Biology Program, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Universidad del Rosario, Cra. 24 No 63C-69, Bogotá D.C., 111221, Colombia
| | - Camilo Salazar
- Biology Program, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Universidad del Rosario, Cra. 24 No 63C-69, Bogotá D.C., 111221, Colombia
| | - Chris Jiggins
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Stefan Schulz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany.
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25
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Davey JW, Barker SL, Rastas PM, Pinharanda A, Martin SH, Durbin R, McMillan WO, Merrill RM, Jiggins CD. No evidence for maintenance of a sympatric Heliconius species barrier by chromosomal inversions. Evol Lett 2017; 1:138-154. [PMID: 30283645 PMCID: PMC6122123 DOI: 10.1002/evl3.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms that suppress recombination are known to help maintain species barriers by preventing the breakup of coadapted gene combinations. The sympatric butterfly species Heliconius melpomene and Heliconius cydno are separated by many strong barriers, but the species still hybridize infrequently in the wild, and around 40% of the genome is influenced by introgression. We tested the hypothesis that genetic barriers between the species are maintained by inversions or other mechanisms that reduce between-species recombination rate. We constructed fine-scale recombination maps for Panamanian populations of both species and their hybrids to directly measure recombination rate within and between species, and generated long sequence reads to detect inversions. We find no evidence for a systematic reduction in recombination rates in F1 hybrids, and also no evidence for inversions longer than 50 kb that might be involved in generating or maintaining species barriers. This suggests that mechanisms leading to global or local reduction in recombination do not play a significant role in the maintenance of species barriers between H. melpomene and H. cydno.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W. Davey
- Department of ZoologyUniversity of CambridgeDowning StreetCambridgeCB2 3EJUnited Kingdom
- Smithsonian Tropical Research InstituteGamboaPanama
| | - Sarah L. Barker
- Department of ZoologyUniversity of CambridgeDowning StreetCambridgeCB2 3EJUnited Kingdom
| | - Pasi M. Rastas
- Department of ZoologyUniversity of CambridgeDowning StreetCambridgeCB2 3EJUnited Kingdom
| | - Ana Pinharanda
- Department of ZoologyUniversity of CambridgeDowning StreetCambridgeCB2 3EJUnited Kingdom
- Smithsonian Tropical Research InstituteGamboaPanama
| | - Simon H. Martin
- Department of ZoologyUniversity of CambridgeDowning StreetCambridgeCB2 3EJUnited Kingdom
| | - Richard Durbin
- Wellcome Trust Sanger InstituteCambridgeCB10 1SAUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Richard M. Merrill
- Department of ZoologyUniversity of CambridgeDowning StreetCambridgeCB2 3EJUnited Kingdom
- Smithsonian Tropical Research InstituteGamboaPanama
| | - Chris D. Jiggins
- Department of ZoologyUniversity of CambridgeDowning StreetCambridgeCB2 3EJUnited Kingdom
- Smithsonian Tropical Research InstituteGamboaPanama
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26
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Arias CF, Giraldo N, McMillan WO, Lamas G, Jiggins CD, Salazar C. A new subspecies in a Heliconius butterfly adaptive radiation (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Zool J Linn Soc 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlw010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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27
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Pinharanda A, Martin SH, Barker SL, Davey JW, Jiggins CD. The comparative landscape of duplications in Heliconius melpomene and Heliconius cydno. Heredity (Edinb) 2017; 118:78-87. [PMID: 27925618 PMCID: PMC5176112 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2016.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene duplications can facilitate adaptation and may lead to interpopulation divergence, causing reproductive isolation. We used whole-genome resequencing data from 34 butterflies to detect duplications in two Heliconius species, Heliconius cydno and Heliconius melpomene. Taking advantage of three distinctive signals of duplication in short-read sequencing data, we identified 744 duplicated loci in H. cydno and H. melpomene and evaluated the accuracy of our approach using single-molecule sequencing. We have found that duplications overlap genes significantly less than expected at random in H. melpomene, consistent with the action of background selection against duplicates in functional regions of the genome. Duplicate loci that are highly differentiated between H. melpomene and H. cydno map to four different chromosomes. Four duplications were identified with a strong signal of divergent selection, including an odorant binding protein and another in close proximity with a known wing colour pattern locus that differs between the two species.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pinharanda
- Department of Zoology, University of
Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - S H Martin
- Department of Zoology, University of
Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - S L Barker
- Department of Zoology, University of
Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - J W Davey
- Department of Zoology, University of
Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - C D Jiggins
- Department of Zoology, University of
Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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28
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Yu QY, Fang SM, Zhang Z, Jiggins CD. The transcriptome response ofHeliconius melpomenelarvae to a novel host plant. Mol Ecol 2016; 25:4850-65. [PMID: 27572947 DOI: 10.1111/mec.13826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Quan-You Yu
- School of Life Sciences; Chongqing University; Chongqing 401331 China
- Department of Zoology; University of Cambridge; Downing Street Cambridge CB2 3EJ UK
| | - Shou-Min Fang
- College of Life Science; China West Normal University; Nanchang 637002 China
| | - Ze Zhang
- School of Life Sciences; Chongqing University; Chongqing 401331 China
| | - Chris D. Jiggins
- Department of Zoology; University of Cambridge; Downing Street Cambridge CB2 3EJ UK
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29
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Dell'Aglio DD, Losada ME, Jiggins CD. Butterfly Learning and the Diversification of Plant Leaf Shape. Front Ecol Evol 2016. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2016.00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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30
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Pieczynska MD, Wloch-Salamon D, Korona R, de Visser JAGM. Rapid multiple-level coevolution in experimental populations of yeast killer and nonkiller strains. Evolution 2016; 70:1342-53. [PMID: 27168531 DOI: 10.1111/evo.12945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Coevolution between different biological entities is considered an important evolutionary mechanism at all levels of biological organization. Here, we provide evidence for coevolution of a yeast killer strain (K) carrying cytoplasmic dsRNA viruses coding for anti-competitor toxins and an isogenic toxin-sensitive strain (S) during 500 generations of laboratory propagation. Signatures of coevolution developed at two levels. One of them was coadaptation of K and S. Killing ability of K first increased quickly and was followed by the rapid invasion of toxin-resistant mutants derived from S, after which killing ability declined. High killing ability was shown to be advantageous when sensitive cells were present but costly when they were absent. Toxin resistance evolved via a two-step process, presumably involving the fitness-enhancing loss of one chromosome followed by selection of a recessive resistant mutation on the haploid chromosome. The other level of coevolution occurred between cell and killer virus. By swapping the killer viruses between ancestral and evolved strains, we could demonstrate that changes observed in both host and virus were beneficial only when combined, suggesting that they involved reciprocal changes. Together, our results show that the yeast killer system shows a remarkable potential for rapid multiple-level coevolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena D Pieczynska
- Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, Krakow, Poland.,Current address: Kavli Institute of NanoScience, Delft University of Technology, 2600 GD Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Dominika Wloch-Salamon
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ryszard Korona
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, Krakow, Poland
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31
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Merrill RM, Dasmahapatra KK, Davey JW, Dell'Aglio DD, Hanly JJ, Huber B, Jiggins CD, Joron M, Kozak KM, Llaurens V, Martin SH, Montgomery SH, Morris J, Nadeau NJ, Pinharanda AL, Rosser N, Thompson MJ, Vanjari S, Wallbank RWR, Yu Q. The diversification of Heliconius butterflies: what have we learned in 150 years? J Evol Biol 2015; 28:1417-38. [PMID: 26079599 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Research into Heliconius butterflies has made a significant contribution to evolutionary biology. Here, we review our understanding of the diversification of these butterflies, covering recent advances and a vast foundation of earlier work. Whereas no single group of organisms can be sufficient for understanding life's diversity, after years of intensive study, research into Heliconius has addressed a wide variety of evolutionary questions. We first discuss evidence for widespread gene flow between Heliconius species and what this reveals about the nature of species. We then address the evolution and diversity of warning patterns, both as the target of selection and with respect to their underlying genetic basis. The identification of major genes involved in mimetic shifts, and homology at these loci between distantly related taxa, has revealed a surprising predictability in the genetic basis of evolution. In the final sections, we consider the evolution of warning patterns, and Heliconius diversity more generally, within a broader context of ecological and sexual selection. We consider how different traits and modes of selection can interact and influence the evolution of reproductive isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Merrill
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama
| | | | - J W Davey
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - D D Dell'Aglio
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - J J Hanly
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - B Huber
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK.,Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité, ISYEB - UMR 7205 - CNRS, MNHN, UPMC, EPHE, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | - C D Jiggins
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama
| | - M Joron
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama.,Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité, ISYEB - UMR 7205 - CNRS, MNHN, UPMC, EPHE, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France.,Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, CEFE UMR 5175, CNRS - Université de Montpellier - Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier - EPHE, Montpellier 5, France
| | - K M Kozak
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - V Llaurens
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité, ISYEB - UMR 7205 - CNRS, MNHN, UPMC, EPHE, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | - S H Martin
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - S H Montgomery
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK
| | - J Morris
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK
| | - N J Nadeau
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - A L Pinharanda
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - N Rosser
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK
| | - M J Thompson
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, UK
| | - S Vanjari
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - R W R Wallbank
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Q Yu
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Shapingba District, Chongqing, China
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32
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Kozak KM, Wahlberg N, Neild AFE, Dasmahapatra KK, Mallet J, Jiggins CD. Multilocus species trees show the recent adaptive radiation of the mimetic heliconius butterflies. Syst Biol 2015; 64:505-24. [PMID: 25634098 PMCID: PMC4395847 DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syv007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Müllerian mimicry among Neotropical Heliconiini butterflies is an excellent example of natural selection, associated with the diversification of a large continental-scale radiation. Some of the processes driving the evolution of mimicry rings are likely to generate incongruent phylogenetic signals across the assemblage, and thus pose a challenge for systematics. We use a data set of 22 mitochondrial and nuclear markers from 92% of species in the tribe, obtained by Sanger sequencing and de novo assembly of short read data, to re-examine the phylogeny of Heliconiini with both supermatrix and multispecies coalescent approaches, characterize the patterns of conflicting signal, and compare the performance of various methodological approaches to reflect the heterogeneity across the data. Despite the large extent of reticulate signal and strong conflict between markers, nearly identical topologies are consistently recovered by most of the analyses, although the supermatrix approach failed to reflect the underlying variation in the history of individual loci. However, the supermatrix represents a useful approximation where multiple rare species represented by short sequences can be incorporated easily. The first comprehensive, time-calibrated phylogeny of this group is used to test the hypotheses of a diversification rate increase driven by the dramatic environmental changes in the Neotropics over the past 23 myr, or changes caused by diversity-dependent effects on the rate of diversification. We find that the rate of diversification has increased on the branch leading to the presently most species-rich genus Heliconius, but the change occurred gradually and cannot be unequivocally attributed to a specific environmental driver. Our study provides comprehensive comparison of philosophically distinct species tree reconstruction methods and provides insights into the diversification of an important insect radiation in the most biodiverse region of the planet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof M Kozak
- Butterfly Genetics Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, CB2 3EJ Cambridge, UK; Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland; Department of Entomology, The Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK; Department of Biology, University of York, YO10 5DD Heslington, York, UK; and Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Niklas Wahlberg
- Butterfly Genetics Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, CB2 3EJ Cambridge, UK; Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland; Department of Entomology, The Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK; Department of Biology, University of York, YO10 5DD Heslington, York, UK; and Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Andrew F E Neild
- Butterfly Genetics Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, CB2 3EJ Cambridge, UK; Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland; Department of Entomology, The Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK; Department of Biology, University of York, YO10 5DD Heslington, York, UK; and Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Kanchon K Dasmahapatra
- Butterfly Genetics Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, CB2 3EJ Cambridge, UK; Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland; Department of Entomology, The Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK; Department of Biology, University of York, YO10 5DD Heslington, York, UK; and Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - James Mallet
- Butterfly Genetics Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, CB2 3EJ Cambridge, UK; Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland; Department of Entomology, The Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK; Department of Biology, University of York, YO10 5DD Heslington, York, UK; and Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Chris D Jiggins
- Butterfly Genetics Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, CB2 3EJ Cambridge, UK; Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland; Department of Entomology, The Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK; Department of Biology, University of York, YO10 5DD Heslington, York, UK; and Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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33
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Merrill RM, Chia A, Nadeau NJ. Divergent warning patterns contribute to assortative mating between incipient Heliconius species. Ecol Evol 2014; 4:911-7. [PMID: 24772270 PMCID: PMC3997309 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Revised: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Theoretical models suggest that traits under divergent ecological selection, which also contribute to assortative mating, will facilitate speciation with gene flow. Evidence for these so-called "magic traits" now exists across a range of taxa. However, their importance during speciation will depend on the extent to which they contribute to reproductive isolation. Addressing this requires experiments to determine the exact cues involved as well as estimates of assortative mating in the wild. Heliconius butterflies are well known for their diversity of bright warning color patterns, and their amenability to experimental manipulation has provided an excellent opportunity to test their role in reproductive isolation. Here, we reveal that divergent color patterns contribute to mate recognition between the incipient species Heliconius himera and H. erato, a taxon pair for which assortative mating by color pattern has been demonstrated among wild individuals: First, we demonstrate that males are more likely to attempt to mate conspecific females; second, we show that males are more likely to approach pinned females that share their own warning pattern. These data are valuable as these taxa likely represent the early stages of speciation, but unusually also allow comparisons with rates of interbreeding between divergent ecologically relevant phenotypes measured in the wild.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Audrey Chia
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge Cambridge, U.K
| | - Nicola J Nadeau
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge Cambridge, U.K ; Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield Sheffield, U.K
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34
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The Genomics of an Adaptive Radiation: Insights Across the Heliconius Speciation Continuum. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 781:249-71. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-7347-9_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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