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Downie AT, Wu NC, Cramp RL, Franklin CE. Sublethal consequences of ultraviolet radiation exposure on vertebrates: Synthesis through meta-analysis. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:6620-6634. [PMID: 37366045 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) from the sun is a natural daytime stressor for vertebrates in both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. UVR effects on the physiology of vertebrates manifest at the cellular level, but have bottom-up effects at the tissue level and on whole-animal performance and behaviours. Climate change and habitat loss (i.e. loss of shelter from UVR) could interact with and exacerbate the genotoxic and cytotoxic impacts of UVR on vertebrates. Therefore, it is important to understand the range and magnitude of effects that UVR can have on a diversity of physiological metrics, and how these may be shaped by taxa, life stage or geographical range in the major vertebrate groups. Using a meta-analytical approach, we used 895 observations from 47 different vertebrate species (fish, amphibian, reptile and bird), and 51 physiological metrics (i.e. cellular, tissue and whole-animal metrics), across 73 independent studies, to elucidate the general patterns of UVR effects on vertebrate physiology. We found that while UVR's impacts on vertebrates are generally negative, fish and amphibians were the most susceptible taxa, adult and larvae were the most susceptible life stages, and animals inhabiting temperate and tropical latitudes were the most susceptible to UVR stress. This information is critical to further our understanding of the adaptive capacity of vulnerable taxon to UVR stress, and the wide-spread sublethal physiological effects of UVR on vertebrates, such as DNA damage and cellular stress, which may translate up to impaired growth and locomotor performance. These impairments to individual fitness highlighted by our study may potentially cause disruptions at the ecosystem scale, especially if the effects of this pervasive diurnal stressor are exacerbated by climate change and reduced refuge due to habitat loss and degradation. Therefore, conservation of habitats that provide refuge to UVR stress will be critical to mitigate stress from this pervasive daytime stressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam T Downie
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nicholas C Wu
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rebecca L Cramp
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Craig E Franklin
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
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2
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Pulgar J, Zeballos D, Vargas J, Aldana M, Manriquez PH, Manriquez K, Quijón PA, Widdicombe S, Anguita C, Quintanilla D, Duarte C. Endogenous cycles, activity patterns and energy expenditure of an intertidal fish is modified by artificial light pollution at night (ALAN). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 244:361-366. [PMID: 30352350 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.10.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The increase of global light emissions in recent years has highlighted the need for urgent evaluation of their impacts on the behaviour, ecology and physiology of organisms. Numerous species exhibit daily cycles or strong scototaxic behaviours that could potentially be influenced if natural lighting conditions or cycles are disrupted. Artificial Light Pollution at Night (ALAN) stands for situations where artificial light alters natural light-dark cycles, as well as light intensities and wavelengths. ALAN is increasingly recognized as a potential threat to biodiversity, mainly because a growing number of studies are demonstrating its influence on animal behaviour, migration, reproduction and biological interactions. Most of these studies have focused on terrestrial organisms and ecosystems with studies on the effects of ALAN on marine ecosystems being more occasional. However, with the increasing human use and development of the coastal zone, organisms that inhabit shallow coastal or intertidal systems could be at increasing risk from ALAN. In this study we measured the levels of artificial light intensity in the field and used these levels to conduct experimental trials to determine the impact of ALAN on an intertidal fish. Specifically, we measured ALAN effects on physiological performance (oxygen consumption) and behaviour (activity patterns) of "Baunco" the rockfish Girella laevifrons, one of the most abundant and ecologically important intertidal fish in the Southeastern Pacific littoral. Our results indicated that individuals exposed to ALAN exhibited increased oxygen consumption and activity when compared with control animals. Moreover, those fish exposed to ALAN stopped displaying the natural (circatidal and circadian) activity cycles that were observed in control fish throughout the experiment. These changes in physiological function and behaviour could have serious implications for the long-term sustainability of fish populations and indirect impacts on intertidal communities in areas affected by ALAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Pulgar
- Departamento de Ecología & Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencia de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Chile.
| | - Danae Zeballos
- Departamento de Ecología & Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencia de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Chile
| | - Juan Vargas
- Departamento de Ecología & Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencia de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Chile
| | - Marcela Aldana
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación para el Cambio Climático (CiiCC), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Ejército146, Santiago, Chile; Doctorado en Conservación y Gestión de la Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Ejército146, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricio H Manriquez
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Coquimbo, Chile; Laboratorio de Ecología y Conducta de la Ontogenia Temprana (LECOT), Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Karen Manriquez
- Departamento de Ecología & Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencia de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Chile; Doctorado en Medicina de la Conservación, Universidad Andres Bello, Chile
| | - Pedro A Quijón
- Department of Biology, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - Stephen Widdicombe
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, West Hoe, Plymouth, PL1 3DH, UK
| | - Cristobal Anguita
- Departamento de Ecología & Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencia de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Chile
| | - Diego Quintanilla
- Departamento de Ecología & Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencia de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Chile
| | - Cristian Duarte
- Departamento de Ecología & Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencia de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Chile; Center for the Study of Multiple-Drivers on Marine Socio-Ecological Systems (MUSELS), Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
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3
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Vargas J, Duarte C, Galban-Malagón C, Roberto García-Huidobro M, Aldana M, Pulgar J. Refuge quality to cope with UV radiation affects energy allocation in an intertidal fish. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 130:268-270. [PMID: 29866556 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a primary environmental stressor for marine species inhabiting intertidal pools. Thus, the use of microhabitats as refuges is key to protect organisms against this stressor. In this study, we compared the quality of rocky and algae as refuges for the intertidal fish Girella laevifrons exposed to UV radiation. Refuge quality was studied by evaluating oxygen consumption and weight gain in control and UV-exposed fish. Rocky-refuge fish consumed less oxygen and gained significantly more weight than algal-refuge fish. The obtained results support the importance of refuge quality on energetic balance of intertidal organisms, where energy can be differentially allocated towards key life processes such as protection/repair or growth. Energy trade-offs need to be considered in research concerning animals inhabiting stressful habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Vargas
- Departamento de Ecología and Biodiversidad, República 440, Facultad de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristian Duarte
- Departamento de Ecología and Biodiversidad, República 440, Facultad de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile; Center for the Study of Multiple-Drivers on Marine Socio-Ecological Systems (MUSELS), Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Cristóbal Galban-Malagón
- Departamento de Ecología and Biodiversidad, República 440, Facultad de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile; Fundación MERI, Santiago, Chile
| | - M Roberto García-Huidobro
- Center for the Study of Multiple-Drivers on Marine Socio-Ecological Systems (MUSELS), Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile; Centro de Investigación e Innovación para el Cambio Climático (CiiCC), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Ejército146, Santiago, Chile; Doctorado en Conservación y Gestión de la Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Ejército146, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcela Aldana
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación para el Cambio Climático (CiiCC), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Ejército146, Santiago, Chile; Doctorado en Conservación y Gestión de la Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Ejército146, Santiago, Chile.
| | - José Pulgar
- Departamento de Ecología and Biodiversidad, República 440, Facultad de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile.
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García-Huidobro MR, Aldana M, Duarte C, Galbán-Malagón C, Pulgar J. Seawater-temperature and UV-radiation interaction modifies oxygen consumption, digestive process and growth of an intertidal fish. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 129:408-412. [PMID: 28705413 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2017.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
UV-radiation (UVR) and temperatures have increased substantially over recent decades in many regions of the world. Both stressors independently have shown to affect the metabolism and growth in fish. However, because increase of both stressors are occurring concomitantly, to better understand their influences on marine species, their combined effects were evaluated. We test the hypothesis that UVR and temperature act synergistically affecting the metabolism, digestive process and growth of an intertidal fish. Two UVR conditions (with and without UVR) and two temperature levels (20° C and 25° C) were used. UVR increase the oxygen consumption and this was associated to opaque feces production. The absorption efficiency was higher without UVR at high temperatures (25 °C) and with UVR at low temperatures (20 °C). Finally, independent of UVR treatment, fish subjected to low temperature have higher biomass than those of high temperature. The interaction between UVR and temperature may influence on the physiology and growth of animals that inhabit in extreme habitats as upper intertidal, it could pose significant functional for aquatic animal survivorship.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Roberto García-Huidobro
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación para el Cambio Climático (CIICC), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Ejército 146, Santiago, Chile; Programa de Doctorado en Conservación y Gestión de la Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Ejercito 146, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcela Aldana
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación para el Cambio Climático (CIICC), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Ejército 146, Santiago, Chile; Programa de Doctorado en Conservación y Gestión de la Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Ejercito 146, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristian Duarte
- Departamento de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Andres Bello, República 440, Santiago, Chile; Center for the Study of Multiple-drivers on Marine Socio-ecological Systems, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Cristóbal Galbán-Malagón
- Departamento de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Andres Bello, República 440, Santiago, Chile; Fundación MERI, Chile
| | - José Pulgar
- Departamento de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Andres Bello, República 440, Santiago, Chile.
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Benítez S, Duarte C, Opitz T, Lagos NA, Pulgar JM, Vargas CA, Lardies MA. Intertidal pool fish Girella laevifrons (Kyphosidae) shown strong physiological homeostasis but shy personality: The cost of living in hypercapnic habitats. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 118:57-63. [PMID: 28215555 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Tide pools habitats are naturally exposed to a high degree of environmental variability. The consequences of living in these extreme habitats are not well established. In particular, little it is known about of the effects of hypercanic seawater (i.e. high pCO2 levels) on marine vertebrates such as intertidal pool fish. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of increased pCO2 on the physiology and behavior in juveniles of the intertidal pool fish Girella laevifrons. Two nominal pCO2 concentrations (400 and 1600μatm) were used. We found that exposure to hypercapnic conditions did not affect oxygen consumption and absorption efficiency. However, the lateralization and boldness behavior was significantly disrupted in high pCO2 conditions. In general, a predator-risk cost of boldness is assumed, thus the increased occurrence of shy personality in juvenile fishes may result in a change in the balance of this biological interaction, with significant ecological consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Benítez
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación para el Cambio Climático (CiiCC), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Santiago, Chile; Center for the Study of Multiple-drivers on Marine Socio-Ecological System (MUSELS), Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - C Duarte
- Departamento de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile; Center for the Study of Multiple-drivers on Marine Socio-Ecological System (MUSELS), Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
| | - T Opitz
- Facultad de Ingeniería & Ciencias y Facultad de Artes Liberales, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile
| | - N A Lagos
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación para el Cambio Climático (CiiCC), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Santiago, Chile; Center for the Study of Multiple-drivers on Marine Socio-Ecological System (MUSELS), Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - J M Pulgar
- Departamento de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - C A Vargas
- Laboratorio de Funcionamiento de Ecosistemas Acuáticos (LAFE), Departamento de Sistemas Acuáticos, Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad de Concepción, Chile; Center for the Study of Multiple-drivers on Marine Socio-Ecological System (MUSELS), Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - M A Lardies
- Facultad de Ingeniería & Ciencias y Facultad de Artes Liberales, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile; Center for the Study of Multiple-drivers on Marine Socio-Ecological System (MUSELS), Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
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6
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Pulgar J, Waldisperg M, Galbán-Malagón C, Maturana D, Pulgar VM, Aldana M. UV radiation impacts body weight, oxygen consumption, and shelter selection in the intertidal vertebrate Girella laevifrons. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 578:317-322. [PMID: 27836350 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.10.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The amount of ultraviolet (UV) radiation reaching the earth's surface has increased due to ozone layer depletion, and this fact represents an opportunity to evaluate the physiological and behavioral responses of animals to this global-scale stressor. The transitory fish Girella laevifrons inhabits pools in the upper intertidal zone, which is characterized by exposure to a wide range of stressors, including UV radiation. We documented the field magnitude and the impact of UV radiation on oxygen consumption, body mass variations, and shelter (rocky and algae) selection by G. laevifrons. UV-exposed animals showed increased oxygen consumption, slower body weight increase, and active rocky shelter selection. Control fish showed increased body weight and no evident shelter selection. The results indicated that UV exposure affects fish energetic balance and habitat selection to favor greater protection against radiation. Increased UV exposure in transitory intertidal animals at levels observed in upper intertidal pools may alter the residency time of fish before leaving for the subtidal zone. Therefore, UV-induced energetic changes may determine animal performance and ontogenetic physiological itineraries, whereas shelter quality might determine habitat use.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Pulgar
- Departamento de Ecología and Biodiversidad, República 440, Facultad de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Melany Waldisperg
- Departamento de Ecología and Biodiversidad, República 440, Facultad de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristóbal Galbán-Malagón
- Departamento de Ecología and Biodiversidad, República 440, Facultad de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile; Fundación MERI, Santiago 7650720, Chile
| | - Diego Maturana
- Departamento de Ecología and Biodiversidad, República 440, Facultad de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Victor M Pulgar
- Center for Research in Obstetrics & Gynecology, Wake Forest School of Medicine and Biomedical Research Infrastructure Center, Winston-Salem State University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Marcela Aldana
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación para el Cambio Climático(CiiCC), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Ejército146, Código Postal 8370003 Santiago, Chile.
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Cubillos VM, Burritt DJ, Lamare MD, Peake BM. The relationship between UV-irradiance, photoprotective compounds and DNA damage in two intertidal invertebrates with contrasting mobility characteristics. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2015; 149:280-8. [PMID: 26117416 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The photoprotective role of mycosporine-like amino acids (MAA) against the generation of DNA cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD) was studied in the sessile intertidal anemone Actinia tenebrosa and the mobile intertidal gastropod Diloma aethiops through 27months at a mid-latitude New Zealand location. MAA were sequestered by A. tenebrosa and D. aethiops from their diet, although maximum total MAA levels in both species were not correlated with seasonal variation in maximum ambient UV-B levels recorded at the collection site. Temporal changes in total MAA in A. tenebrosa showed a six months lag-time in their concentration regarding to the environmental UV-B levels. This lag period corresponded to an observed increase in CPD production from spring to summer; suggesting that MAA do not completely protect the anemone from UV-B during summer. For D. aethiops, total MAA concentrations did not change significantly during the study, although qualitative changes in MAA were apparent. A month lag-time in MAA concentration in D. aethiops and possibly the physical barrier that the shell confers to the animal, can explain reduced CPD levels in comparative terms with A. tenebrosa. Although MAA are used by invertebrates for photoprotection, contrasting mobility characteristics and the presence of physical adaptations can confer them important protection levels during temporal changes of UV-B at mid-latitude places of the Southern Hemisphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Mauricio Cubillos
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Department of Botany, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; Department of Marine Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
| | - David J Burritt
- Department of Botany, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Miles D Lamare
- Department of Marine Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Barrie M Peake
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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