1
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Artana C, Capitani L, Santos Garcia G, Angelini R, Coll M. Food web trophic control modulates tropical Atlantic reef ecosystems response to marine heat wave intensity and duration. J Anim Ecol 2024. [PMID: 38790092 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.14107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Marine heatwaves (MHWs) are episodes of anomalous warming in the ocean that can last from a few days to years. MHWs have different characteristics in terms of intensity, duration and frequency and generate thermal stress in marine ecosystems. In reef ecosystems, they are one of the main causes of the decreased presence and abundance of corals, invertebrates and fish. The deleterious capacity of thermal stress often depends on biotic factors, such as the trophic control of predators on prey. Despite the evidence of thermal stress and biotic factors affecting individual species, the combined effects of both stressors on entire reef ecosystems are much less studied. Here, using a food web modelling approach, we estimated the rate of change in species' biomass due to different MHW characteristics. Specifically, we modelled the mechanistic link between species' consumption rate and seawater temperature (thermal stressor), simulating species' biomass dynamics for different MHW characteristics under different trophic control assumptions (top-down, mixed trophic control and bottom-up). We find that total reef ecosystem biomass declined by 10% ± 5% under MHWs with severe intensity and a top-down control assumption. The bottom-up control assumption moderates the total ecosystem biomass reduction by 5% ± 5%. Irrespective of the MHW characteristics and the trophic control assumption, the most substantial biomass changes occur among top, mesopredators and corals (5% to 20% ± 10%). We show that reef ecosystems where predators exert top-down control on prey are prone to suffer species abundance declines under strong MHW events. We identify food web trophic control as a crucial driver that modulates the impacts of MHWs. Overall, our results provide a unified understanding of the interplay between abiotic stressors and biotic factors in reef ecosystems under extreme thermal events, offering insights into present baselines and future ecological states for reef ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Artana
- Institute of Marine Science (ICM-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
- Laboratoire LOCEAN-IPSL, Sorbonne Université (UPMC, Université Paris 6), CNRS, IRD, MNHN, Paris, France
| | - Leonardo Capitani
- Post-Graduate Program in Ecology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Brazil
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Gabriel Santos Garcia
- Post-Graduate Program in Ecology, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo Angelini
- Departamento de Engenharia Civil e Ambiental, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Brazil
| | - Marta Coll
- Institute of Marine Science (ICM-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
- Ecopath International Initiative (EII), Barcelona, Spain
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2
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Menezes M, Dias JD, Longo GO. Plastic debris decrease fish feeding pressure on tropical reefs. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 185:114330. [PMID: 36351353 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Fish feeding on the benthos mediate important ecological processes in reef ecosystems that are threatened by several anthropogenic activities, including plastic pollution. The impacts of plastic pollution on reef ecological processes, such as herbivory, is still unclear. We experimentally tested in the field how the presence of plastic on the benthos affects fish feeding by using a blocked design to compare fish feeding within 1m2 plastic-free areas and areas with either clean plastic or plastic colonized with biofilm in reefs of NE Brazil. Each area was videoed for 10 min, through which we identified fish species, estimated sizes and quantified the number of bites and feeding frequency. The presence of plastic reduced fish feeding on the benthos, regardless of the biofilm presence, and fish barely interacted with plastic debris. Our results demonstrate that the impact of plastic goes beyond entanglement and ingestion, affecting species behavior and ecological role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiara Menezes
- Departamento de Oceanografia e Limnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil.
| | - Juliana Déo Dias
- Departamento de Oceanografia e Limnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Guilherme O Longo
- Departamento de Oceanografia e Limnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil
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3
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Quimbayo JP, Silva FC, Barreto CR, Pavone CB, Lefcheck JS, Leite K, Figueiroa AC, Correia EC, Flores AAV. The COVID-19 pandemic has altered illegal fishing activities inside and outside a marine protected area. Curr Biol 2022; 32:R765-R766. [PMID: 35882192 PMCID: PMC9310233 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The global COVID-19 pandemic has presented a unique opportunity to explore the consequences of illegal exploitation on wildlife communities, as it continues to have wide-reaching impacts on multiple sectors, including local and national economies, international trade, and conservation enforcement1. The ongoing reductions in monitoring and enforcement during the pandemic have allowed increased opportunities for illegal, unreported, and unregulated activities, particularly for small-scale fisheries2. Even before the pandemic, policymakers and fisheries managers intent on controlling illegal fishing activities established marine protected areas (MPAs) that restrict or prohibit fishing3. Unfortunately, non-compliance with MPAs is often the rule rather than the exception, and less than 10% of the world’s MPAs have managed to effectively reduce infringement4. The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated these management challenges: a recent review of MPAs worldwide has revealed a general decline in tourism revenue to operate park services during the pandemic, especially revenue needed for supporting personnel to monitor, patrol, and enforce restrictions2. Here, we compile infraction records of illegal fishing activities by both professional (commercial) and amateur (recreational) boats inside and outside of the Tupinambás Ecological Station and the Alcatrazes Wildlife Refuge (Figure 1A), notable for its high reef-fish biomass and diversity in the Southwestern Atlantic5. We show that illegal exploitation has shifted since the onset of the pandemic, targeting larger, higher-value species that contribute disproportionately to the structure and function of reef-fish communities in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan P Quimbayo
- Centro de Biologia Marinha, Universidade de São Paulo, São Sebastião, SP 11612-109, Brazil; Tennenbaum Marine Observatories Network and MarineGEO Program, Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, MD 20764, USA.
| | - Fernanda C Silva
- Lab. Macroecologia e Biogeografia Marinha, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-090, Brazil
| | - Camila R Barreto
- Centro de Biologia Marinha, Universidade de São Paulo, São Sebastião, SP 11612-109, Brazil
| | - Carla B Pavone
- Centro de Biologia Marinha, Universidade de São Paulo, São Sebastião, SP 11612-109, Brazil
| | - Jonathan S Lefcheck
- Tennenbaum Marine Observatories Network and MarineGEO Program, Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, MD 20764, USA
| | - Kelen Leite
- Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade, São Sebastião, SP 11605-136, Brazil
| | - Apoena C Figueiroa
- Lab. Macroecologia e Biogeografia Marinha, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-090, Brazil
| | - Edineia C Correia
- Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade, São Sebastião, SP 11605-136, Brazil
| | - Augusto A V Flores
- Centro de Biologia Marinha, Universidade de São Paulo, São Sebastião, SP 11612-109, Brazil
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4
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Salvetat J, Bez N, Habasque J, Lebourges-Dhaussy A, Lopes C, Roudaut G, Simier M, Travassos P, Vargas G, Bertrand A. Comprehensive spatial distribution of tropical fish assemblages from multifrequency acoustics and video fulfils the island mass effect framework. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8787. [PMID: 35610249 PMCID: PMC9130204 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12409-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tropical marine ecosystems are highly biodiverse and provide resources for small-scale fisheries and tourism. However, precise information on fish spatial distribution is lacking, which limits our ability to reconcile exploitation and conservation. We combined acoustics to video observations to provide a comprehensive description of fish distribution in a typical tropical environment, the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (FNA) off Northeast Brazil. We identified and classified all acoustic echoes into ten fish assemblage and two triggerfish species. This opened up the possibility to relate the different spatial patterns to a series of environmental factors and the level of protection. We provide the first biomass estimation of the black triggerfish Melichthys niger, a key tropical player. By comparing the effects of euphotic and mesophotic reefs we show that more than the depth, the most important feature is the topography with the shelf-break as the most important hotspot. We also complete the portrait of the island mass effect revealing a clear spatial dissymmetry regarding fish distribution. Indeed, while primary productivity is higher downstream, fish concentrate upstream. The comprehensive fish distribution provided by our approach is directly usable to implement scientific-grounded Marine Spatial Planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Salvetat
- Pós-Graduação em Recursos Pesqueiros e Aquicultura, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE, 52171-900, Brazil. .,MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, Sète, France. .,Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Sète, France.
| | - Nicolas Bez
- MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, Sète, France.,Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Sète, France
| | | | | | - Cristiano Lopes
- Pós-Graduação em Recursos Pesqueiros e Aquicultura, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE, 52171-900, Brazil
| | | | - Monique Simier
- MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, Sète, France.,Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Sète, France
| | - Paulo Travassos
- Pós-Graduação em Recursos Pesqueiros e Aquicultura, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE, 52171-900, Brazil
| | - Gary Vargas
- Pós-Graduação em Recursos Pesqueiros e Aquicultura, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE, 52171-900, Brazil
| | - Arnaud Bertrand
- Pós-Graduação em Recursos Pesqueiros e Aquicultura, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE, 52171-900, Brazil.,MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, Sète, France.,Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Sète, France.,Laboratório de Oceanografia Física Estuarina e Costeira, Depto. Oceanografia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235-Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50670-901, Brazil
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5
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Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on SCUBA diving experience in marine protected areas. JOURNAL OF OUTDOOR RECREATION AND TOURISM 2022. [PMID: 37521255 PMCID: PMC8890976 DOI: 10.1016/j.jort.2022.100501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Faced with the need for isolation of most people to reduce the transmission of COVID-19, a great concern for the well-being of the population has resurfaced. Considering the numerous benefits of outdoor activities to human health and well-being, we assessed whether the quality of the experience of recreational divers in a marine protected area (MPA) was impacted during the pandemic. We applied a semi-structured questionnaire to divers, collected their socioeconomic profile, preferences, motivations, experiences, and compared the results with those obtained in the previous season. We found that the quality of the recreational diver's experience remained high even during one of the world's biggest health crises. This suggests that the combination of contact with a preserved environment and the adaptation of regulations in favor of visitor safety was enough to stimulate positive experiences. Therefore, we highlight the importance of investing in adaptive management so that MPAs continue to promote ecosystem services such as human health and subjective well-being. Management implications •Quality of experience for recreational divers remained high and was unaffected after the first major wave of COVID-19 cases.•Through adaptive tourism management, MPAs can promote positive experiences even in challenging contexts.•High impact of environmental attributes on the quality of divers' experience reinforces that threats to ecosystems are social impacts.•Socially unequal access to benefits generated by MPAs may negatively influence population's support for these areas.•Efforts are needed to strengthen the equity of distribution of positive social impacts in MPAs.•Potential to provide positive experiences for users must be seen beyond economic value, but as an investment in the population's subjective well-being.
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6
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VIANA MARINAG, LIMA MAUROS, MARTINEZ ALINES, BARBOZA ALINAR, MELO CLARAS, CALADO JANAÍNAF, GRIMALDI GUIDOG, SOUZA THAISAA, LEITE TATIANAS, MENDES LIANAF. Marine fish and benthic biota before the 2019 oil spill: A baseline dataset for monitoring programs and impact assessments at Rio Grande Norte state, Northeastern Brazil. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2022; 94:e20210536. [DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202120210536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- MARINA G. VIANA
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Brazil; Organização Sociedade Civil, Brazil
| | - MAURO S.P. LIMA
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Brazil; Organização Sociedade Civil, Brazil
| | | | - ALINA R.P. BARBOZA
- Secretaria Estadual de Educação e Cultura do Rio Grande do Norte (SEEC), Brazil
| | - CLARA, S. MELO
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Brazil
| | | | - GUIDO G. GRIMALDI
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Brazil; Organização Sociedade Civil, Brazil
| | | | | | - LIANA F. MENDES
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Brazil; Organização Sociedade Civil, Brazil
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7
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Ferreira HM, Magris RA, Floeter SR, Ferreira CEL. Drivers of ecological effectiveness of marine protected areas: A meta-analytic approach from the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean (Brazil). JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 301:113889. [PMID: 34610560 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid global increase in the number and extent of marine protected areas (MPAs), there is a need for methods that enable an assessment of their actual contribution to biodiversity conservation. In Brazil, where MPAs have been designated to replenish biodiversity, there is a lack of regional-scale analysis of MPA impacts and the factors related to positive ecological change. This study aims to quantify the magnitude of the ecological effects of Brazilian MPAs and test whether some study and MPA characteristics (e.g., taxonomic group studied, exploitation level of species, MPA area, protection time, management effectiveness, level of connectedness, etc.) were underlying factors associated with their performance. We conducted a structured search in a database of scientific articles, selecting comparative studies of direct biodiversity metrics inside and outside MPAs offering different protection levels (i.e., fully- or partially-protected MPAs) or within MPAs with distinct zones. We then carried out a meta-analysis based on 424 observations found in 18 articles. Averaged across all studies, we found that MPAs had a 17% increase in the abundance of species, length of individuals, and community diversity. When compared to open-access areas, fully-protected MPAs increased biodiversity by 45%. However, MPAs offering partial protection had variable effects, ranging from significant positive to significant negative effects. MPA effects depended on the taxonomic group and exploitation level of species, with the strongest positive effects seen on exploited fish species and benthic invertebrates. Partially-protected MPAs that reported strong positive effects required long time of protection (>15years) and high level of connectivity. Conversely, fully-protected MPAs (i.e., no-take ones) could be effective even when small, under intense fishing pressure in their surroundings, and regardless of their level of connectivity. We used the Brazilian MPAs as a case study, but these results can contribute to a more comprehensive assessment of the association between ecological impacts of MPAs and drivers of conservation success, and offer key information to consolidate MPA networks that sustain biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harildon M Ferreira
- Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation, Ministry of Environment, Brasilia, Brazil.
| | - Rafael A Magris
- Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation, Ministry of Environment, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Sergio R Floeter
- Marine Macroecology and Biogeography Laboratory, Department of Ecology and Zoology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Carlos E L Ferreira
- Reef Systems Ecology and Conservation Lab, Departamento de Biologia Marinha, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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8
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Quirino-Amador MI, Longo GO, Freire FADM, Lopes PFM. Integrating Different Types of Knowledge to Understand Temporal Changes in Reef Landscapes. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.709414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reefs are highly diverse ecosystems threatened by anthropogenic actions that change their structure and dynamics. Many of these changes have been witnessed by different reef users who hold specific knowledge about the reefscape according to their experiences and uses. We aimed to understand whether fishers, divers, and reef scientists have different perceptions of general changes that have occurred in reefs and whether their knowledge converge, diverge or are complementary. We conducted 172 semi-structured interviews with stakeholders from Northeast and Southeast Brazil where either coral or rocky reefs occur, comprising most reefs occurring in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean. Reef scientists and divers perceived corals have undergone the sharpest declines among reef species and indicate pollution and tourism as the major negative impacts on reefs. On the contrary, fishers noticed greater declines in fishing targets (i.e., groupers) and have hardly noticed differences in coral abundance or diversity over time. Divers had a broader view of changes in reef organisms, with some level of convergence with both reef scientists and fishers, while reef scientists and fishers provided information on more specific groups and economically relevant resources, respectively. The different stakeholders generally agree that reefscapes have undergone negative changes including diversity loss and abundance declines of reef organisms. The complementarity of information among different stakeholders enables a better understanding of how human behavior impact and perceive changes in natural ecosystems, which could be essential to manage reef environments, particularly those without baseline data.
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9
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Waechter LS, Luiz OJ, Leprieur F, Bender MG. Functional biogeography of marine vertebrates in Atlantic Ocean reefs. DIVERS DISTRIB 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Luiza S. Waechter
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Biodiversidade Animal Departamento de Ecologia e Evolução CCNE Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Santa Maria Brazil
- Marine Macroecology and Conservation Lab Departamento de Ecologia Evolução CCNE Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Santa Maria Brazil
| | - Osmar J. Luiz
- Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods Charles Darwin University Darwin NT Australia
| | - Fabien Leprieur
- MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD Montpellier France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF) Paris France
| | - Mariana G. Bender
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Biodiversidade Animal Departamento de Ecologia e Evolução CCNE Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Santa Maria Brazil
- Marine Macroecology and Conservation Lab Departamento de Ecologia Evolução CCNE Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Santa Maria Brazil
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10
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Bucair N, Francini-Filho RB, Almerón-Souza F, Luiz OJ. Underestimated threats to manta rays in Brazil: Primacies to support conservation strategies. Glob Ecol Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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11
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Capitani L, Roos N, Longo GO, Angelini R, Schenone L. Resource‐to‐consumer ratio determines the functional response of an herbivorous fish in a field experiment. OIKOS 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.08784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Capitani
- Post‐Graduate Program in Ecology, Bioscience Inst., Univ. Federal do Rio Grande do Norte Natal Brazil
- Marine Ecology Laboratory, Dept of Oceanography and Limnology, Univ. Federal do Rio Grande do Norte Natal RN Brazil
| | - Natalia Roos
- Post‐Graduate Program in Ecology, Bioscience Inst., Univ. Federal do Rio Grande do Norte Natal Brazil
- Marine Ecology Laboratory, Dept of Oceanography and Limnology, Univ. Federal do Rio Grande do Norte Natal RN Brazil
| | - Guilherme Ortigara Longo
- Post‐Graduate Program in Ecology, Bioscience Inst., Univ. Federal do Rio Grande do Norte Natal Brazil
- Marine Ecology Laboratory, Dept of Oceanography and Limnology, Univ. Federal do Rio Grande do Norte Natal RN Brazil
| | - Ronaldo Angelini
- Post‐Graduate Program in Ecology, Bioscience Inst., Univ. Federal do Rio Grande do Norte Natal Brazil
- Dept of Civil Engeneering, Univ. Federal do Rio Grande do Norte Natal Brazil
| | - Luca Schenone
- Laboratorio de Limnología, INIBIOMA (CONICET‐UNCo) Río Negro Argentina
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12
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Garcia GS, Dias MS, Longo GO. Trade-off between number and length of remote videos for rapid assessments of reef fish assemblages. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2021; 99:896-904. [PMID: 33973243 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Remote underwater videos are widely employed to assess the structure and composition of reef fish assemblages but the sampling effort employed on each survey differs considerably, indicating that both the number of assessments and video length could be optimized. We searched for this optimal sampling effort in remote video samples to conduct rapid assessments of community composition and discussed the relation between number of replicates and video length, and how it impacts the method's efficiency to characterize species assemblages. Remote video recordings from tropical reefs in northeastern Brazil were used to investigate how fish species richness and composition builds across time and number of assays. Videos as short as 5 min successfully recorded species richness, requiring about five repetitions to record most species that compose 80% of the total biomass. Recording species composition required even less time in these reefs, setting a minimum of 3 min with the same five videos. By comparing the detected richness per analysed time unit, we found several shorter videos recorded for more species than a few longer videos, indicating that increasing the sampling coverage in the reef area might be better than just extending the video length for rapid assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel S Garcia
- Marine Ecology Laboratory, Department of Oceanography and Limnology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
- Aquatic Macroecology and Biogeography Laboratory, Ecology Department, Universidade de Brasília, Brasilia, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Murilo S Dias
- Aquatic Macroecology and Biogeography Laboratory, Ecology Department, Universidade de Brasília, Brasilia, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Guilherme O Longo
- Marine Ecology Laboratory, Department of Oceanography and Limnology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
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13
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Potential changes in the connectivity of marine protected areas driven by extreme ocean warming. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10339. [PMID: 33990631 PMCID: PMC8121921 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89192-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Projected future climate scenarios anticipate a warmer tropical ocean and changes in surface currents that will likely influence the survival of marine organisms and the connectivity of marine protected areas (MPAs) networks. We simulated the regional effects of climate change on the demographic connectivity of parrotfishes in nine MPAs in the South Atlantic through downscaling of the HadGEM2-ES Earth System Model running the RCP 8.5 greenhouse gas trajectory. Results indicate a tropicalization scenario over the tropical southwest Atlantic following an increase of sea surface temperature (SST) between 1.8 and 4.5 °C and changes in mean surface currents between - 0.6 to 0.5 m s-1 relative to present conditions. High mortality rates will reduce demographic connectivity and increase the isolation of oceanic islands. The simulation of organismal response to ocean warming shows that acclimation can significantly improve (p < 0.001) particle survival, promoting connectivity and tropicalization of MPAs, with potential impacts on their functional integrity and long-term resilience.
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14
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Schlaefer JA, Wolanski E, Lambrechts J, Kingsford MJ. Behavioural and oceanographic isolation of an island-based jellyfish (Copula sivickisi, Class Cubozoa) population. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10280. [PMID: 33986430 PMCID: PMC8119444 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89755-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cubozoan jellyfish are classified as plankton despite the strong swimming and orientation abilities of cubomedusae. How these capabilities could affect cubozoan population structures is poorly understood. Medusae of the cubozoan Copula sivickisi can uniquely attach to surfaces with the sticky pads on their bells. Biophysical modelling was used to investigate the spatial scales of connectivity in a C. sivickisi population. When the medusae were active at night they could maintain their observed distribution on fringing reef if they attached to the reef when the current speed exceeded a moderate threshold. This behaviour facilitated the isolation of a C. sivickisi population on reefs fringing Magnetic Island, Queensland, Australia. Within this distribution, there was considerable within bay retention and medusae rarely travelled > 3 km. The few (< 0.1%) medusae lost from the island habitat were largely advected into open water and away from the mainland coast which lies 8 km from the island. Given that successful emigration is unlikely, the island population probably represents a stock that is ecologically distinct from any mainland populations. The cosmopolitan distribution of C. sivickisi could contain incipient or cryptic species given the small scales of connectivity demonstrated here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodie A Schlaefer
- Research Hub for Coral Reef Ecosystem Functions, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia. .,College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia. .,ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia.
| | - Eric Wolanski
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia.,TropWATER, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
| | - Jonathan Lambrechts
- Institute of Mechanics, Materials and Civil Engineering, Université de Louvain, 1348, Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Michael J Kingsford
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
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15
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Chaves LDCT, Feitosa JLL, Xavier TF, Ferreira BP, Ferreira CEL. Drivers of damselfishes distribution patterns in the southwestern Atlantic: tropical and subtropical reefs compared. NEOTROPICAL ICHTHYOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-2021-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Damselfishes are known keystone species of reef environments, however large-scale distribution patterns are poorly studied in the southwestern Atlantic. We evaluated main drivers of distribution of three conspicuous damselfishes, along tropical and subtropical coastal systems, in Brazil. Abundances were assessed against wave exposure, depth (within 1–7 m in tropical and 1–11 m in subtropical reefs) and benthic cover. Despite differences between systems, exposure and depth consistently explained damselfishes distribution. Stegastes fuscus, the larger damselfish species of the genus in the southwestern Atlantic, was dominant in both systems, inhabiting preferably shallow and sheltered reefs. Conversely, Stegastes variabilis occupied shallow habitats with higher exposure. Stegastes pictus was absent from tropical reefs sampled, inhabiting depths >7 m, in subtropical reefs. Species were weakly associated with benthic features, which poorly predicted changes in abundances. Regardless, S. fuscus showed association with articulated calcareous algae, and S. variabilis juveniles associated with erect macroalgae. Despite occurring in very distinctive reef systems, Brazilian damsels habitat requirements are consistent in both tropical and subtropical reefs. While highly persistent species, long term monitoring will inform us how they respond to pervasive global changes and human impacts along Brazilian reefs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - João L. L. Feitosa
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Brazil; Tropical Conservation Consortium, USA
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16
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Pereira PHC, Côrtes LGF, Lima GV, Gomes E, Pontes AVF, Mattos F, Araújo ME, Ferreira-Junior F, Sampaio CLS. Reef fishes biodiversity and conservation at the largest Brazilian coastal Marine Protected Area (MPA Costa dos Corais). NEOTROPICAL ICHTHYOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-2021-0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Coral reefs harbor one of the largest fish biodiversity on earth; yet information on reef fishes is still absent for many regions. We analyzed reef fish richness, distribution, and conservation on the largest Brazilian multiple use coastal MPA; which cover a large extent of coral reefs at the SWA. A total of 325 fish species have been listed for MPA Costa dos Corais, including Chondrichthyes (28 species) and Actinopterygii (297). Fish species were represented by 81 families and the most representative families were Carangidae (23 species), Labridae (21) and Gobiidae (15). The MPA fish richness represented 44% of all recorded fish species of the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean (SWA) highlighting the large-scale importance of this MPA. A total of 40 species (12%) are registered at Near Threatened (NT), Vulnerable (VU), Endangered (EN) or Critically Endangered (CR). This study reinforces the importance of MPA Costa dos Corais on reef fish biodiversity and conservation and emphasize the urgent need of conservation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luís G. F. Côrtes
- Projeto Conservação Recifal, Brazil; Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - Erandy Gomes
- Projeto Conservação Recifal, Brazil; Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Brazil; Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | | | - Maria E. Araújo
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Brazil; Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Brazil
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17
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Pinheiro HT, Macena BCL, Francini-Filho RB, Ferreira CEL, Albuquerque FV, Bezerra NPA, Carvalho-Filho A, Ferreira RCP, Luiz OJ, Mello TJ, Mendonça SA, Nunes DM, Pimentel CR, Pires AMA, Soares-Gomes A, Viana DL, Hazin FHV, Rocha LA. Fish biodiversity of Saint Peter and Saint Paul's Archipelago, Mid-Atlantic Ridge, Brazil: new records and a species database. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2020; 97:1143-1153. [PMID: 32743800 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Saint Peter and Saint Paul's Archipelago (SPSPA), one of the smallest and most isolated island groups in the world, is situated on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, between Brazil and the African continent. SPSPA has low species richness and high endemism; nonetheless, the diversity of fishes from deep habitats (>30 m depth) had not been previously studied in detail. Several expeditions conducted between 2009 and 2018 explored the shallow and deep reefs of SPSPA using scuba, closed-circuit rebreathers, manned submersibles, baited remote underwater stereo-videos (stereo-BRUV) and fishing between 0 and 1050 m depth. These expeditions yielded 41 new records of fishes for SPSPA: 9 in open waters, 9 in shallow waters (0-30 m), 8 in mesophotic ecosystems (30-150 m) and 15 in deeper reefs (>150 m). Combined with literature records of adult pelagic, shallow and deep-reef species, as well as larvae, the database of the fish biodiversity for SPSPA currently comprises 225 species (169 recorded as adult fishes and 79 as larvae, with 23 species found in both stages). Most of them (112) are pelagic, 86 are reef-associated species and 27 are deep-water specialists. Species accumulation curves show that the number of fish species has not yet reached an asymptote. Whereas the number of species recorded in SPSPA is similar to that in other oceanic islands in the Atlantic Ocean, the proportion of shorefishes is relatively lower, and the endemism level is the third highest in the Atlantic. Twenty-nine species are listed as threatened with extinction. Observations confirm the paucity of top predators on shallow rocky reefs of the island, despite the presence of several pelagic shark species around SPSPA. Because all of the endemic species are reef associated, it is argued that the new marine-protected areas created by the Brazilian government do not ensure the protection and recovery of SPSPA's biodiversity because they allow exploitation of the most vulnerable species around the archipelago itself. This study suggests a ban on reef fish exploitation inside an area delimited by the 1000 m isobath around the islands (where all known endemics are concentrated) as the main conservation strategy to be included in the SPSPA management plan being prepared by the Brazilian government.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hudson T Pinheiro
- Department of Ichthyology, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Bruno C L Macena
- Departamento de Oceanografia e Pescas, Instituto do Mar, Universidade dos Açores, Horta, Portugal
- Departamento de Pesca e Aquicultura, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | | - Carlos E L Ferreira
- Departamento de Biologia Marinha, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Fernanda V Albuquerque
- Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia, Universidade Federal da ParaíbaI, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Natalia P A Bezerra
- Departamento de Pesca e Aquicultura, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | | - Romulo C P Ferreira
- Departamento de Pesca e Aquicultura, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Osmar J Luiz
- Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia
| | - Thayna J Mello
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Sibele A Mendonça
- Departamento de Pesca e Aquicultura, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Diogo M Nunes
- Unidade Acadêmica de Serra Talhada, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Serra Talhada, Brazil
| | - Caio R Pimentel
- Departamento de Oceanografia e Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Alessandra M A Pires
- Departamento de Pesca e Aquicultura, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Abilio Soares-Gomes
- Departamento de Biologia Marinha, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Danielle L Viana
- Departamento de Pesca e Aquicultura, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Fabio H V Hazin
- Departamento de Pesca e Aquicultura, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Luiz A Rocha
- Department of Ichthyology, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California, USA
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18
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Giglio VJ, Nunes JACC, Ferreira CEL, Blumstein DT. Client reef fish tolerate closer human approaches while being cleaned. J Zool (1987) 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. J. Giglio
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação Marinha Instituto do Mar Universidade Federal de São Paulo Santos SP Brazil
| | | | - C. E. L. Ferreira
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação de Ambientes Recifais Departamento de Biologia Marinha Universidade Federal Fluminense Niterói RJ Brazil
| | - D. T. Blumstein
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California Los Angeles CA USA
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19
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Vieira EA, Souza LRD, Longo GO. Diving into science and conservation: recreational divers can monitor reef assemblages. Perspect Ecol Conserv 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pecon.2019.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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20
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Nunes LT, Morais RA, Longo GO, Sabino J, Floeter SR. Habitat and community structure modulate fish interactions in a neotropical clearwater river. NEOTROPICAL ICHTHYOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-2019-0127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Species interactions can modulate the diversity and enhance the stability of biological communities in aquatic ecosystems. Despite previous efforts to describe fish interactions in tropical rivers, the role of habitat characteristics, community structure, and trophic traits over these interactions is still poorly understood. To investigate among-habitat variation in substratum feeding pressure and agonistic interactions between fishes, we used remote underwater videos in three habitats of a clearwater river in the Central Western, Brazil. We also performed visual surveys to estimate the abundance and biomass of fishes and proposed a trophic classification to understand how these variables can affect fish interactions. Community structure was the main factor affecting the variation in the interactions among the habitats. Biomass was the main variable determining which habitat a fish will feed on, while species abundance determined with how many other species it will interact in the agonistic interaction networks for each habitat. Specific habitats are not only occupied, but also used in distinct ways by the fish community. Overall, our results demonstrate the importance of the heterogeneity of habitats in tropical rivers for the interactions performed by the fishes and how the intensity of these interactions is affected by community structure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Renato A. Morais
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Brazil; James Cook University, Australia
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21
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Mendes TC, Quimbayo JP, Bouth HF, Silva LPS, Ferreira CEL. The omnivorous triggerfish Melichthys niger is a functional herbivore on an isolated Atlantic oceanic island. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2019; 95:812-819. [PMID: 31198985 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the functional role of the highly generalist omnivore Melichthys niger in the remote St. Peter and St Paul's Archipelago (SPSPA), Brazil, where grazing herbivorous fishes are very scarce. We analysed patterns of distribution from zero to 30 m deep during three time intervals during the day and sampled different aspects of their feeding behaviour, including diel feeding rate, feeding substrate and diet. The density of M. niger increased with depth (26-30 m) and decreased by the end of the day. Although M. niger did not present a typical herbivore diel feeding pattern, they targeted the epilithic algal matrix as their primary feeding substrate, ingesting predominantly algae and detritus. The characteristic Caulerpa racemosa var. peltata from SPSPA was ingested only as detached fronds. We suggest that in the isolated SPSPA, the single species M. niger may perform a unique role as a link between benthic primary production and higher levels. Further studies on the trophic ecology of omnivorous species are necessary to better understand their roles in a reef system, especially in impoverished areas where they are likely to play a crucial role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago C Mendes
- Department of Ecology, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Reef System Ecology and Conservation Laboratory, Department de Biologia Marinha, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
- Instituto do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, SP, 11070-100, Brazil
| | - Juan P Quimbayo
- Reef System Ecology and Conservation Laboratory, Department de Biologia Marinha, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
- Macroecology and Biogeographic Laboratory, Department of Ecology and Zoology, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Helena F Bouth
- Reef System Ecology and Conservation Laboratory, Department de Biologia Marinha, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Luana P S Silva
- Reef System Ecology and Conservation Laboratory, Department de Biologia Marinha, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Carlos E L Ferreira
- Reef System Ecology and Conservation Laboratory, Department de Biologia Marinha, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
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22
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Rolim FA, Langlois T, Rodrigues PFC, Bond T, Motta FS, Neves LM, Gadig OBF. Network of small no-take marine reserves reveals greater abundance and body size of fisheries target species. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0204970. [PMID: 30629577 PMCID: PMC6328244 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
No-take marine reserves (NTRs), i.e. areas with total fishing restrictions, have been established worldwide aiming to promote biodiversity and ecosystem conservation. Brazil has 3.3% of its exclusive economic zone protected by 73 different NTRs, however, most of them currently lack scientific knowledge and understanding of their ecological role, particularly regarding rocky reefs in subtropical regions. In this context, this study aimed to contrast a network of NTRs with comparable fished sites across a coastal biogeographic gradient to investigate the effect of fishing and habitat variability on the abundance and body size of rocky reef fish. We used Baited Remote Underwater stereo-Video (stereo-BRUVs) and Diver Operated stereo-Video (stereo-DOVs) systems to simultaneously sample reef fish and habitat. Model selection and results identified habitat and biogeographic variables, such as distance from shore, as important predictor variables, explaining several aspects of the fish assemblage. The effect of protection was important in determining the abundance and body size of targeted species, in particular for epinephelids and carangids. Conversely, species richness was correlated with habitat complexity but not with protection status. This is the first study using these survey methods in the Southwestern Atlantic, demonstrating how a network of NTRs can provide benchmarks for biodiversity conservation and fisheries management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda A. Rolim
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Campus de Rio Claro, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Elasmobrânquios, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Campus do Litoral Paulista, São Vicente, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Tim Langlois
- The UWA Oceans Institute and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia (UWA), Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Pedro F. C. Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Elasmobrânquios, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Campus do Litoral Paulista, São Vicente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Todd Bond
- The UWA Oceans Institute and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia (UWA), Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Fábio S. Motta
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação Marinha, Instituto do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo M. Neves
- Departamento de Ciências do Meio Ambiente, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Campus Três Rios, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Otto B. F. Gadig
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Elasmobrânquios, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Campus do Litoral Paulista, São Vicente, São Paulo, Brazil
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23
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Soares MDO. Climate change and regional human pressures as challenges for management in oceanic islands, South Atlantic. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 131:347-355. [PMID: 29886957 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the main anthropogenic pressures and the effectiveness of management practices in marine protected areas (MPAs) (Rocas Atoll and Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, South Atlantic). The MPAs exhibited high management effectiveness over the last 25 years due to the control of local pressures (i.e., fishing and tourism). However, the increase in regional and global pressures, such as invasive species, marine debris, and climate change stressors (sea-level rise, extreme events, range shifts of species, warming, and ocean acidification), are environmental risks that need to be considered during conservation. Strategies for large scale marine spatial planning, as well as proposals for an integrated management of MPAs (including coral reef islands and seamounts) by the articulation of a network, which reduces regional human pressures and improves ocean governance were discussed. This study provided insights into the challenges faced in the management of MPAs in a rapidly changing ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo de Oliveira Soares
- Instituto de Ciências do Mar-LABOMAR, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Av. da Abolição, 3207, CEP 60.165-081, Fortaleza, Brazil; Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals (ICTA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Carrer de les Columnes, Edifici Z, Cerdanyolla del Vallés, Barcelona, Spain.
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24
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Pinheiro HT, Rocha LA, Macieira RM, Carvalho-Filho A, Anderson AB, Bender MG, Di Dario F, Ferreira CEL, Figueiredo-Filho J, Francini-Filho R, Gasparini JL, Joyeux JC, Luiz OJ, Mincarone MM, Moura RL, Nunes JDACC, Quimbayo JP, Rosa RS, Sampaio CLS, Sazima I, Simon T, Vila-Nova DA, Floeter SR. South-western Atlantic reef fishes: Zoogeographical patterns and ecological drivers reveal a secondary biodiversity centre in the Atlantic Ocean. DIVERS DISTRIB 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hudson T. Pinheiro
- California Academy of Sciences; San Francisco CA USA
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Department; University of California Santa Cruz; Santa Cruz CA USA
- Associação Ambiental Voz da Natureza; Vitória ES Brazil
| | - Luiz A. Rocha
- California Academy of Sciences; San Francisco CA USA
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Department; University of California Santa Cruz; Santa Cruz CA USA
| | - Raphael M. Macieira
- Laboratório de Ecologia Marinha; Universidade Vila Velha; Vila Velha ES Brazil
| | | | - Antônio B. Anderson
- Laboratório de Biogeografia e Macroecologia Marinha; Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; Florianópolis SC Brazil
| | - Mariana G. Bender
- Laboratório de Biogeografia e Macroecologia Marinha; Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; Florianópolis SC Brazil
| | - Fabio Di Dario
- Núcleo em Ecologia e Desenvolvimento Socioambiental de Macaé; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Macaé RJ Brazil
| | | | - Jessé Figueiredo-Filho
- Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza; Universidade Federal da Paraíba; João Pessoa PB Brazil
| | - Ronaldo Francini-Filho
- Departamento de Engenharia e Meio Ambiente; Universidade Federal da Paraíba; Rio Tinto PB Brazil
| | - João L. Gasparini
- Departamento de Oceanografia e Ecologia; Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo; Vitória ES Brazil
| | - Jean-Christophe Joyeux
- Departamento de Oceanografia e Ecologia; Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo; Vitória ES Brazil
| | - Osmar J. Luiz
- Department of Biological Sciences; Macquarie University; Sydney NSW Australia
- Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods; Charles Darwin University; Darwin NT Australia
| | - Michael M. Mincarone
- Núcleo em Ecologia e Desenvolvimento Socioambiental de Macaé; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Macaé RJ Brazil
| | - Rodrigo L. Moura
- Instituto de Biologia and SAGE/COPPE; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| | | | - Juan P. Quimbayo
- Laboratório de Biogeografia e Macroecologia Marinha; Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; Florianópolis SC Brazil
| | - Ricardo S. Rosa
- Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza; Universidade Federal da Paraíba; João Pessoa PB Brazil
| | - Cláudio L. S. Sampaio
- Laboratório de Ictiologia e Conservação; Universidade Federal de Alagoas; Penedo AL Brazil
| | - Ivan Sazima
- Museu de Zoologia; Universidade Estadual de Campinas; Campinas SP Brazil
| | - Thiony Simon
- Associação Ambiental Voz da Natureza; Vitória ES Brazil
- Departamento de Oceanografia e Ecologia; Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo; Vitória ES Brazil
| | - Daniele A. Vila-Nova
- Laboratório de Biogeografia e Macroecologia Marinha; Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; Florianópolis SC Brazil
| | - Sergio R. Floeter
- Laboratório de Biogeografia e Macroecologia Marinha; Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; Florianópolis SC Brazil
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