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Spangler HB, Lynch DH, Howard AG, Tien HC, Du S, Zhang B, Wang H, Gordon Larsen P, Batsis JA. Association Between Mid-arm Muscle Circumference and Cognitive Function: A Longitudinal Study of Chinese Adults. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 2024; 37:272-281. [PMID: 37993115 PMCID: PMC11089828 DOI: 10.1177/08919887231218087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dementia affects 55 million people worldwide and low muscle mass may be associated with cognitive decline. Mid-arm muscle circumference (MAMC) correlates with dual-energy Xray absorptiometry and bioelectrical impedance analyses, yet are not routinely available. Therefore, we examined the association between MAMC and cognitive performance in older adults. METHODS We included community-dwelling adults ≥55 years from the China Health and Nutrition Survey. Cognitive function was estimated based on a subset of the modified Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (0-27, low-high) during years (1991, 1993, 1997, 2000, 2004, 2006, 2009, 2011, 2015, 2018). A multivariable linear mixed-effects model was used to test whether MAMC was associated with rate of cognitive decline across age groups and cognitive function overall. RESULTS Of 3702 adults (53% female, 63.2 ± 7.3 years), mean MAMC was 21.4 cm ± 3.0 and baseline cognitive score was 13.6 points ±6.6. We found no evidence that the age-related rate of cognitive decline differed by MAMC (P = .77). Declines between 5-year age groups ranged from -.80 [SE (standard error) .18] to -1.09 [.22] for those at a mean MAMC, as compared to -.86 [.25] to -1.24 [.31] for those at a 1 MAMC 1 standard deviation above the mean. Higher MAMC was associated with better cognitive function with .13 [.06] higher scores for each corresponding 1 standard deviation increase in MAMC across all ages. CONCLUSION Higher MAMC at any age was associated with better cognitive performance in older adults. Understanding the relationship between muscle mass and cognition may identify at-risk subgroups needing targeted interventions to preserve cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hillary B. Spangler
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - David H. Lynch
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Annie Green Howard
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Hsiao-Chuan Tien
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Shufa Du
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Bing Zhang
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Huijun Wang
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Penny Gordon Larsen
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - John A. Batsis
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Rambukwella R, Westbury LD, Pearse C, Ward KA, Cooper C, Dennison EM. Could self-reported physical performance help predict individuals at the highest risk of mortality and hospital admission events in clinical practice? Findings from the Hertfordshire Cohort Study. Prim Health Care Res Dev 2024; 25:e25. [PMID: 38742442 DOI: 10.1017/s1463423624000173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM To consider how self-reported physical function measures relate to adverse clinical outcomes measured over 20 years of follow-up in a community-dwelling cohort (aged 59-73 at baseline) as compared with hand grip strength, a well-validated predictor of adverse events. BACKGROUND Recent evidence has emphasized the significant association of physical activity, physical performance, and muscle strength with hospital admissions in older people. However, physical performance tests require staff availability, training, specialized equipment, and space to perform them, often not feasible or realistic in the context of a busy clinical setting. METHODS In total, 2997 men and women were analyzed. Baseline predictors were measured grip strength (Jamar dynamometer) and the following self-reported measures: physical activity (Dallosso questionnaire); physical function score (SF-36 Health Survey); and walking speed. Participants were followed up from baseline (1998-2004) until December 2018 using UK Hospital Episode Statistics and mortality data, which report clinical outcomes using ICD-10 coding. Predictors in relation to the risk of mortality and hospital admission events were examined using Cox regression with and without adjustment for sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics. FINDINGS The mean age at baseline was 65.7 and 66.6 years among men and women, respectively. Over follow-up, 36% of men and 26% of women died, while 93% of men and 92% of women were admitted to hospital at least once. Physical activity, grip strength, SF-36 physical function, and walking speed were all strongly associated with adverse health outcomes in both sex- and fully adjusted analyses; poorer values for each of the predictors were related to greater risk of mortality (all-cause, cardiovascular-related) and any, neurological, cardiovascular, respiratory, any fracture, and falls admissions. SF-36 physical function and grip strength were similarly associated with the adverse health outcomes considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshan Rambukwella
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Leo D Westbury
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Camille Pearse
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Kate A Ward
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Cyrus Cooper
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Elaine M Dennison
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
- Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
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3
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da Silva Nascimento ML, Alves Bennemann N, de Sousa IM, de Oliveira Bezerra MR, Villaça Chaves G, Moreira Lima Verde SM, Fernandes Maurício S, Barreto Campello Carvalheira J, Santos Mendes MC, Miranda AL, da Costa Pereira JP, Gonzalez MC, Prado CM, Fayh APT. Examining variations in body composition among patients with colorectal cancer according to site and disease stage. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10829. [PMID: 38734789 PMCID: PMC11088614 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61790-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) often exhibit changes in body composition (BC) which are associated with poorer clinical outcomes. Many studies group colon and rectal cancers together, irrespective of staging, potentially affecting assessment and treatment strategies. Our study aimed to compare BC in patients with CRC focusing on tumor location and metastasis presence. A total of 635 individuals were evaluated, with a mean age of 61.8 ± 12.4 years and 50.2% female. The majority had rectal cancer as the primary cancer site (51.0%), and 23.6% had metastatic disease. The first regression model showed tumor site and metastasis as independent factors influencing skeletal muscle (SM), skeletal muscle index (SMI), and visceral adipose tissue variability (all p values < 0.05). The second model, adjusted for BMI, indicated tumor site as the primary factor affecting SMI variations (adjusted R2 = 0.50 p < 0.001), with colon tumors inversely associated with SM (standardized β - 2.15(- 3.3; - 0.9) p < 0.001). A third model, considering all the confounders from the directed acyclic graphs, was constructed and the found association remained independent. Our findings highlight significant BC variations in patients with CRC, influenced by tumor location and metastases presence, underscoring the need for location-specific assessment in CRC management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayra Laryssa da Silva Nascimento
- PesqClin Lab, Onofre Lopes University Hospital, Brazilian Company of Hospital Services (EBSERH), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Nithaela Alves Bennemann
- PesqClin Lab, Onofre Lopes University Hospital, Brazilian Company of Hospital Services (EBSERH), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Iasmin Matias de Sousa
- Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Avenida Senador Salgado Filho, No 3000, Natal, RN, 59078-970, Brazil
| | - Mara Rubia de Oliveira Bezerra
- Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Avenida Senador Salgado Filho, No 3000, Natal, RN, 59078-970, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - José Barreto Campello Carvalheira
- Division of Oncology, Department of Anesthesiology, Oncology and Radiology, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Carolina Santos Mendes
- Division of Oncology, Department of Anesthesiology, Oncology and Radiology, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Lucia Miranda
- Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Avenida Senador Salgado Filho, No 3000, Natal, RN, 59078-970, Brazil
- Liga Norteriograndense Contra o Câncer, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | | | | | - Carla M Prado
- Human Nutrition Research Unit, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Ana Paula Trussardi Fayh
- PesqClin Lab, Onofre Lopes University Hospital, Brazilian Company of Hospital Services (EBSERH), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.
- Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Avenida Senador Salgado Filho, No 3000, Natal, RN, 59078-970, Brazil.
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Rolland Y, Fielding R, Landi F, Vellas B. Implementing clinical operationalization of sarcopenia: the contribution of WHO ICOPE program. J Nutr Health Aging 2024; 28:100257. [PMID: 38714090 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnha.2024.100257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Yves Rolland
- IHU HealthAge, CERPOP UMR 1295, CHU Toulouse, France.
| | - Roger Fielding
- Nutrition, Exercise Physiology and Sarcopenia Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Francesco Landi
- Department of Geriatrics, Orthopedics and Rheumatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Bruno Vellas
- IHU HealthAge, CERPOP UMR 1295, CHU Toulouse, France
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Stoodley IL, Berthon BS, Scott HA, Williams EJ, Baines PJ, Knox H, Wood S, Paradzayi B, Cameron-Smith D, Wood LG. Protein Intake and Physical Activity Levels as Determinants of Sarcopenia Risk in Community-Dwelling Older Adults. Nutrients 2024; 16:1380. [PMID: 38732628 PMCID: PMC11085115 DOI: 10.3390/nu16091380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Community screening for sarcopenia is complex, with barriers including access to specialized equipment and trained staff to conduct body composition, strength and function assessment. In the current study, self-reported dietary protein intake and physical activity (PA) in adults ≥65 years was assessed relative to sarcopenia risk, as determined by body composition, strength and physical function assessments, consistent with the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) definition. Of those screened (n = 632), 92 participants (77% female) were assessed as being at high risk of developing sarcopenia on the basis of dietary protein intake ≤1 g∙kg-1∙day-1 [0.9 (0.7-0.9) g∙kg-1∙day-1] and moderate intensity physical activity <150 min.week-1. A further 31 participants (65% female) were defined as being at low risk, with both protein intake [1.2 (1.1-1.5) g∙kg-1∙day-1] and PA greater than the cut-off values. High-risk participants had reduced % lean mass [53.5 (7.8)% versus 54.8 (6.1)%, p < 0.001] and impaired strength and physical function. Notably, high-risk females exhibited greater deficits in lean mass and strength, with minimal differences between groups for males. In community-dwelling older adults, self-reported low protein intake and low weekly PA is associated with heightened risk for sarcopenia, particularly in older women. Future research should determine whether early intervention in older adults with low protein intake and PA attenuates functional decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isobel L. Stoodley
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (I.L.S.); (B.S.B.); (H.A.S.); (E.J.W.); (P.J.B.); (H.K.); (S.W.); (B.P.)
- Immune Health Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Bronwyn S. Berthon
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (I.L.S.); (B.S.B.); (H.A.S.); (E.J.W.); (P.J.B.); (H.K.); (S.W.); (B.P.)
- Immune Health Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Hayley A. Scott
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (I.L.S.); (B.S.B.); (H.A.S.); (E.J.W.); (P.J.B.); (H.K.); (S.W.); (B.P.)
- Immune Health Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Evan J. Williams
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (I.L.S.); (B.S.B.); (H.A.S.); (E.J.W.); (P.J.B.); (H.K.); (S.W.); (B.P.)
- Immune Health Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Penelope J. Baines
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (I.L.S.); (B.S.B.); (H.A.S.); (E.J.W.); (P.J.B.); (H.K.); (S.W.); (B.P.)
- Immune Health Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Hannah Knox
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (I.L.S.); (B.S.B.); (H.A.S.); (E.J.W.); (P.J.B.); (H.K.); (S.W.); (B.P.)
- Immune Health Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Sophie Wood
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (I.L.S.); (B.S.B.); (H.A.S.); (E.J.W.); (P.J.B.); (H.K.); (S.W.); (B.P.)
- Immune Health Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Beauty Paradzayi
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (I.L.S.); (B.S.B.); (H.A.S.); (E.J.W.); (P.J.B.); (H.K.); (S.W.); (B.P.)
| | - David Cameron-Smith
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 14 Medical Drive, #07-02 MD6, Singapore 117599, Singapore;
| | - Lisa G. Wood
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (I.L.S.); (B.S.B.); (H.A.S.); (E.J.W.); (P.J.B.); (H.K.); (S.W.); (B.P.)
- Immune Health Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia
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Belfield AE, Wilkinson TJ, Henson J, Sargeant JA, Breen L, Hall AP, Davies MJ, Yates T. Sarcopenia prevalence using handgrip strength or chair stand performance in adults living with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Age Ageing 2024; 53:afae090. [PMID: 38706394 PMCID: PMC11070724 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afae090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The updated European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP2) recommends handgrip strength (HGS) and the chair stand test (CST) to assess muscle strength, with the CST being a convenient proxy for lower limb strength. However, adiposity may differentially influence these strength criteria and produce discrepant sarcopenia prevalence. OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of sarcopenia using HGS or the CST, and to investigate the associations between these strength criteria and adiposity in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS The EWGSOP2 definition was used to assess the prevalence of probable (low muscle strength), confirmed (plus low muscle mass) and severe (plus poor physical performance) sarcopenia. Linear regression models were used to study the association between different measures of muscle strength and adiposity. RESULTS We used data from 732 adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (35.7% female, aged 64 ± 8 years, body mass index 30.7 ± 5.0 kg/m2). Using the CST compared with HGS produced a higher prevalence of probable (31.7% vs. 7.1%), confirmed (5.6% vs. 1.6%) and severe (1.0% vs. 0.3%) sarcopenia, with poor agreement between strength criteria to identify probable sarcopenia. CST performance, but not HGS, was significantly associated with all measures of adiposity in unadjusted and adjusted models. CONCLUSIONS Higher levels of adiposity may impact CST performance, but not HGS, resulting in a higher prevalence of sarcopenia in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Consideration should be paid to the most appropriate measure of muscle function in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archie E Belfield
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Thomas J Wilkinson
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Joseph Henson
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Jack A Sargeant
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Leicester Diabetes Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Leigh Breen
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Birmingham, UK
| | - Andrew P Hall
- The Hanning Sleep Laboratory, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Melanie J Davies
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Thomas Yates
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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7
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Orssatto LBR, Thorstensen JR, Scott D, Daly RM. Are we underestimating the potential of neuroactive drugs to augment neuromotor function in sarcopenia? Metabolism 2024; 154:155816. [PMID: 38364901 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2024.155816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas B R Orssatto
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
| | - Jacob R Thorstensen
- Faculty of Health Sciences & Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - David Scott
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Robin M Daly
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
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8
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Chen LK. GLIS roadmap: the quest for international standardization of sarcopenia diagnosis. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2024:105464. [PMID: 38729861 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2024.105464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Kung Chen
- Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Center for Healthy Longevity and Aging Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Taipei Municipal Gan-Dau Hospital (Managed by Taipei Veterans General Hospital), Taipei, Taiwan.
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9
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Raleigh SM, Orchard KJA. Sarcopenia as a Risk Factor for Alzheimer's Disease: Genetic and Epigenetic Perspectives. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:561. [PMID: 38790190 PMCID: PMC11121242 DOI: 10.3390/genes15050561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia, defined as the age-associated loss of muscle mass and increased fragility with age, is increasing worldwide. The condition often precedes the development of Alzheimer's disease, thereby decreasing the levels of mobility and physical activity in those affected. Indeed, the loss of muscle mass has, in some studies, been associated with an increased risk of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias. However, a detailed understanding of the interplay between both conditions is not available and needs to be thoroughly addressed. In the following review, we focus on several genes, specifically APOE, BDNF, ACE, FTO, and FNDC5, that have been associated with both conditions. We also discuss the epigenetic regulation of each of these genes along with non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) that may have a role in the development of both the sarcopenic and Alzheimer's disease phenotypes. Finally, we assert that the application of systems biology will unravel the relationship between sarcopenia and Alzheimer's disease and believe that the prevention of muscle loss in older age will reduce the incidence of debilitating cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart M. Raleigh
- Centre for Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK
| | - Kayleigh J. A. Orchard
- School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, Open University, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK;
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10
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Maeda D, Fujimoto Y, Nakade T, Abe T, Ishihara S, Jujo K, Matsue Y. Frailty, Sarcopenia, Cachexia, and Malnutrition in Heart Failure. Korean Circ J 2024; 54:54.e51. [PMID: 38767446 DOI: 10.4070/kcj.2024.0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
With global aging, the number of patients with heart failure has increased markedly. Heart failure is a complex condition intricately associated with aging, organ damage, frailty, and cognitive decline, resulting in a poor prognosis. The relationship among frailty, sarcopenia, cachexia, malnutrition, and heart failure has recently received considerable attention. Although these conditions are distinct, they often exhibit a remarkably close relationship. Overlapping diagnostic criteria have been observed in the recently proposed guidelines and position statements, suggesting that several of these conditions may coexist in patients with heart failure. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of these conditions is essential, and interventions must not only target these conditions individually, but also provide comprehensive management strategies. This review article provides an overview of the epidemiology, diagnostic methods, overlap, and prognosis of frailty, sarcopenia, cachexia, and malnutrition in patients with heart failure, incorporating insights from the FRAGILE-HF study data. Additionally, based on existing literature, this article discusses the impact of these conditions on the effectiveness of guideline-directed medical therapy for patients with heart failure. While recognizing these conditions early and promptly implementing interventions may be advantageous, further data, particularly from well-powered, large-scale, randomized controlled trials, are necessary to refine personalized treatment strategies for patients with heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daichi Maeda
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yudai Fujimoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taisuke Nakade
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuro Abe
- Department of Cardiology, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shiro Ishihara
- Department of Cardiology, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kentaro Jujo
- Department of Cardiology, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yuya Matsue
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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Pedauyé-Rueda B, García-Fernández P, Maicas-Pérez L, Maté-Muñoz JL, Hernández-Lougedo J. Different Diagnostic Criteria for Determining the Prevalence of Sarcopenia in Older Adults: A Systematic Review. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2520. [PMID: 38731050 PMCID: PMC11084913 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13092520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Sarcopenia is defined as a loss of muscle mass, strength, and physical function associated with aging. It is due to a combination of genetic, environmental, and physiological factors. It is also associated with an increased risk of health problems. Since there are many different researchers in the field, with their own algorithms and cut-off points, there is no single criterion for diagnosis. This review aims to compare the prevalence of sarcopenia according to these different diagnostic criteria in older adult populations by age group and sex. Methods: Different databases were searched: Web of Science, Pubmed, Dialnet, Scopus, and Cochrane. The keywords used were "sarcopenia", "diagnosis", "prevalence", "assessment", "aged", "aging" and "older". Studies conducted in a population aged ≥65 assessing the prevalence of sarcopenia were selected. Results: Nineteen articles met the inclusion criteria, with a total of 33,515 subjects, 38.08% female and 61.42% male, at a mean age of 74.52. The diagnostic algorithms used were 52.63% AWGS2, 21.05% EWGSOP2, 10.53% AWGS1 and EWGS1, and 5.26% FNIH. Prevalence ranged from 1.7% to 37.47%, but was higher in males and increased with age. Conclusions: The prevalence of sarcopenia varies depending on the diagnostic algorithm used, but it increases with age and is higher in men. The EWGSOP2 and AWGS2 are the most used diagnostic criteria and measure the same variables but have different cut-off points. Of these two diagnostic algorithms, the one with the highest prevalence of sarcopenia and severe sarcopenia is the AWGS2. These differences may be due to the use of different tools and cut-off points. Therefore, a universal diagnostic criterion should be developed to allow early diagnosis of sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Pedauyé-Rueda
- HM Faculty of Health Sciences, Camilo José Cela University, 28692 Madrid, Spain; (B.P.-R.); (J.H.-L.)
| | - Pablo García-Fernández
- Department of Radiology, Rehabilitation and Physiotherapy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Luis Maicas-Pérez
- Atlético de Madrid Foundation, 28004 Madrid, Spain;
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Internacional de la Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - José Luis Maté-Muñoz
- Department of Radiology, Rehabilitation and Physiotherapy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Juan Hernández-Lougedo
- HM Faculty of Health Sciences, Camilo José Cela University, 28692 Madrid, Spain; (B.P.-R.); (J.H.-L.)
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12
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Batterham RL, Bedimo RJ, Diaz RS, Guaraldi G, Lo J, Martínez E, McComsey GA, Milinkovic A, Naito T, Noe S, O'Shea D, Paredes R, Schapiro JM, Sulkowski MS, Venter F, Waters L, Yoruk IU, Young B. Cardiometabolic health in people with HIV: expert consensus review. J Antimicrob Chemother 2024:dkae116. [PMID: 38656584 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkae116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To develop consensus data statements and clinical recommendations to provide guidance for improving cardiometabolic health outcomes in people with HIV based on the knowledge and experience of an international panel of experts. METHODS A targeted literature review including 281 conference presentations, peer-reviewed articles, and background references on cardiometabolic health in adults with HIV published between January 2016 and April 2022 was conducted and used to develop draft consensus data statements. Using a modified Delphi method, an international panel of 16 experts convened in workshops and completed surveys to refine consensus data statements and generate clinical recommendations. RESULTS Overall, 10 data statements, five data gaps and 14 clinical recommendations achieved consensus. In the data statements, the panel describes increased risk of cardiometabolic health concerns in people with HIV compared with the general population, known risk factors, and the potential impact of antiretroviral therapy. The panel also identified data gaps to inform future research in people with HIV. Finally, in the clinical recommendations, the panel emphasizes the need for a holistic approach to comprehensive care that includes regular assessment of cardiometabolic health, access to cardiometabolic health services, counselling on potential changes in weight after initiating or switching antiretroviral therapy and encouraging a healthy lifestyle to lower cardiometabolic health risk. CONCLUSIONS On the basis of available data and expert consensus, an international panel developed clinical recommendations to address the increased risk of cardiometabolic disorders in people with HIV to ensure appropriate cardiometabolic health management for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L Batterham
- UCL Division of Medicine, UCL School of Life and Medical Sciences, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, National Institute for Health and Care Research, Maple House Suite A 1st Floor, 149 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 7DN, UK
| | - Roger J Bedimo
- Infectious Disease Section, VA North Texas Health Care System, 4500 S Lancaster Road, Dallas, TX 75216, USA
- Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ricardo S Diaz
- Infectious Diseases Department, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, R. Sena Madureira, 1500 Vila Clementino, São Paulo, 04021-001, Brazil
| | - Giovanni Guaraldi
- Modena HIV Metabolic Clinic, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Università 4, 41121 Modena, Italy
| | - Janet Lo
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Esteban Martínez
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Clinic and University of Barcelona, C. de Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Grace A McComsey
- Case Center for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Ana Milinkovic
- Global Medical, ViiV Healthcare, 980 Great West Road, Brentford, Middlesex TW8 9GS, UK
- HIV Services, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, 369 Fulham Road, London SW10 9NH, UK
- Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London SW7 2BX, UK
| | - Toshio Naito
- Department of General Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, 2 Chome-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo City, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Sebastian Noe
- MVZ Karlsplatz, MVZ Karlsplatz 8, 80335, Munich, Germany
| | - Donal O'Shea
- Health Sciences Centre, University College Dublin School of Medicine, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Roger Paredes
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Carretera de Canyet, s/n, 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jonathan M Schapiro
- National Hemophilia Center, Sheba Medical Center, Derech Sheba 2, Ramat Gan, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Mark S Sulkowski
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - François Venter
- Ezintsha, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Braamfontein 2000, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Laura Waters
- Mortimer Market Centre, Central and North West London NHS Foundation Trust, 350 Euston Road, Regent's Place, London NW1 3AX, UK
| | - Ilksen Ungan Yoruk
- General Medicines Europe, GSK, 980 Great West Road, Brentford, Middlesex TW8 9GS, UK
| | - Benjamin Young
- Global Medical, ViiV Healthcare, 406 Blackwell Street, Suite 300, Durham, NC 27701, USA
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13
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Geng Z, Wang P, Yang G, Li Y, Zhao Y. Circulating Hsa-miR499a-5p as markers in dysmobility syndrome patients: a new index for diagnosing dysmobility syndrome based on osteoporosis and predicting fracture risk. Postgrad Med J 2024; 100:297-304. [PMID: 38263934 DOI: 10.1093/postmj/qgae004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2024] [Revised: 11/25/2024] [Accepted: 12/25/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysmobility syndrome based on osteoporosis (ODS) is a disease characterized by low bone mass and low muscle mass. Its features are high fracture and high fall risk. Falls and fractures are the most important factors affecting the quality of life and lifespan of ODS. However, there is no serum marker for the evaluation of ODS patients.Our previous studies have shown that the expression of circulating miRNA is stable and is a good marker for disease diagnosis. Therefore, this study aims to explore potential serum markers of ODS. METHODS A total of 78 subjects were included in this study. The data including appendicular skeletal muscle mass index, bone mineral density, bone metabolism markers, and other relevant information were collected for analysis. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to detect 19 miRNAs associated with muscle mass reduction. The correlation of quantitative data was analyzed by Pearson. The receiver operating characteristic curve was used to evaluate the performance of miRNA as a biomarker. RESULTS In this study, we found that the muscle mass and strength of patients with ODS are significantly reduced and are negatively correlated with the risk of fracture. The hsa-miR-499a-5p is specifically downregulated in ODS, and is positively correlated with muscle mass and strength, and negatively correlated with the risk of fracture. Compared with muscle mass and strength, hsa-miR-499a-5p has better sensitivity and specificity as a diagnostic marker. CONCLUSION hsa-miR-499a-5p is a potential serum biomarker for assessing muscle function and predicting fall or fracture risk in the ODS population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixiang Geng
- Shi's Center of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
- Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai 201203, China
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Peige Wang
- Shi's Center of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
- Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai 201203, China
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Guangyue Yang
- Shi's Center of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
- Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai 201203, China
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yifei Li
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yongfang Zhao
- Shi's Center of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
- Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai 201203, China
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
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14
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Hioka A, Akazawa N, Okawa N, Nagahiro S. Influence of aging on extracellular water-to-total body water ratio in community-dwelling females. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2024; 60:73-78. [PMID: 38479942 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The European Working Group of Sarcopenia in Older People 2 has emphasized the significance of evaluating not only muscle mass but also muscle quality as a diagnostic criterion for sarcopenia. The extracellular water-to-total body water ratio (ECW/TBW), measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), has recently received attention as an indicator of muscle quality. However, the influence of aging on the ECW/TBW remains unclear. If ECW/TBW increases with age, it is important to know whether the timing of the decrease in SMI and the increase in ECW/TBW are the same or different. This study aimed to investigate the influence of aging on ECW/TBW in community-dwelling females. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 237 community-dwelling females aged 20-89 years who could perform activities of daily living independently. ECW/TBW and SMI were measured using BIA. Multiple linear regression analyses of ECW/TBW and SMI were conducted. Age, body mass index (BMI), number of medications, pain, and medical history were considered independent variables in the multiple linear regression. The participants were divided into three (20-39, 40-64, and 65-89 years) or four (20-39, 40-64, 65-74, and 75-89 years) groups based on age. Analysis of covariance adjusted for the BMI, number of medications, pain, and medical history was conducted to determine the differences in ECW/TBW and SMI among the three or four groups. RESULTS In the multiple linear regression analysis, age was significantly and independently associated with ECW/TBW and SMI. When the participants were divided into three groups based on age, an increase in ECW/TBW and a decrease in SMI in the 65-89-year group were confirmed compared with the 20-39 and 40-64-year groups. When the participants were divided into four groups based on age, an increase in ECW/TBW in the 75-89-year group was confirmed compared with the 65-74-year group. However, there were no significant differences in SMI among the four groups. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed that ECW/TBW increases with aging in community-dwelling females. Moreover, the negative influences of aging were confirmed earlier in ECW/TBW than in SMI. Assessing muscle mass alone may not be adequate to capture the influences of aging on muscle composition, and evaluating ECW/TBW may be crucial for diagnosing sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akemi Hioka
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health and Welfare, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima City, Japan
| | - Naoki Akazawa
- Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya City, Japan.
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15
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Cawthon PM, Blackwell TL, Kritchevsky SB, Newman AB, Hepple RT, Coen PM, Goodpaster BH, Duchowny K, Hetherington-Rauth M, Mau T, Shankaran M, Hellerstein M, Evans WJ, Cummings SR. Associations Between D3Cr Muscle Mass and Magnetic Resonance Thigh Muscle Volume With Strength, Power, Physical Performance, Fitness, and Limitations in Older Adults in the SOMMA Study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2024; 79:glae056. [PMID: 38367212 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glae056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND How magnetic resonance (MR) derived thigh muscle volume and deuterated creatine dilution derived muscle mass (D3Cr muscle mass) differentially relate to strength, fitness, and other functions in older adults-and whether associations vary by sex-is not known. METHODS Men (N = 345) and women (N = 482) aged ≥70 years from the Study of Muscle, Mobility, and Aging completed leg extension strength (1-repetition max) and cardiopulmonary exercise testing to assess fitness (VO2peak). Correlations and adjusted regression models stratified by sex were used to assess the association between muscle size measures, study outcomes, and sex interactions. RESULTS D3Cr muscle mass and MR thigh muscle volume were correlated (men: r = 0.62, women: r = 0.51, p < .001). Each standard deviation (SD) decrement in D3Cr muscle mass was associated with lower 1-repetition max strength (-14 kg men, -4 kg women, p < .001 for both; p-interaction = .003) and lower VO2peak (-79 mL/min men, -30 mL/min women, p < .001 for both, p-interaction: .016). Each SD decrement in MR thigh muscle volume was also associated with lower strength (-32 kg men, -20 kg women, p < .001 for both; p-interaction = .139) and lower VO2peak (-217 mL/min men, -111 mL/min women, p < .001 for both, p-interaction = .010). There were associations, though less consistent, between muscle size or mass with physical performance and function; associations varied by sex. CONCLUSIONS Less muscle-measured by either D3Cr muscle mass or MR thigh muscle volume-was associated with lower strength and fitness. Varied associations by sex and assessment method suggest consideration be given to which measurement to use in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peggy M Cawthon
- Research Institute, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Terri L Blackwell
- Research Institute, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Stephen B Kritchevsky
- Department of Internal Medicine: Gerontology & Geriatric Medicine, The Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer's Prevention, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Anne B Newman
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Russell T Hepple
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Paul M Coen
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Bret H Goodpaster
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Kate Duchowny
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Theresa Mau
- Research Institute, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Mahalakshmi Shankaran
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Marc Hellerstein
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - William J Evans
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Steven R Cummings
- Research Institute, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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16
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Foessl I, Ackert-Bicknell CL, Kague E, Laskou F, Jakob F, Karasik D, Obermayer-Pietsch B, Alonso N, Bjørnerem Å, Brandi ML, Busse B, Calado Â, Cebi AH, Christou M, Curran KM, Hald JD, Semeraro MD, Douni E, Duncan EL, Duran I, Formosa MM, Gabet Y, Ghatan S, Gkitakou A, Hassler EM, Högler W, Heino TJ, Hendrickx G, Khashayar P, Kiel DP, Koromani F, Langdahl B, Lopes P, Mäkitie O, Maurizi A, Medina-Gomez C, Ntzani E, Ohlsson C, Prijatelj V, Rabionet R, Reppe S, Rivadeneira F, Roshchupkin G, Sharma N, Søe K, Styrkarsdottir U, Szulc P, Teti A, Tobias J, Valjevac A, van de Peppel J, van der Eerden B, van Rietbergen B, Zekic T, Zillikens MC. A perspective on muscle phenotyping in musculoskeletal research. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2024:S1043-2760(24)00018-3. [PMID: 38553405 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2024.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Musculoskeletal research should synergistically investigate bone and muscle to inform approaches for maintaining mobility and to avoid bone fractures. The relationship between sarcopenia and osteoporosis, integrated in the term 'osteosarcopenia', is underscored by the close association shown between these two conditions in many studies, whereby one entity emerges as a predictor of the other. In a recent workshop of Working Group (WG) 2 of the EU Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) Action 'Genomics of MusculoSkeletal traits Translational Network' (GEMSTONE) consortium (CA18139), muscle characterization was highlighted as being important, but currently under-recognized in the musculoskeletal field. Here, we summarize the opinions of the Consortium and research questions around translational and clinical musculoskeletal research, discussing muscle phenotyping in human experimental research and in two animal models: zebrafish and mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Foessl
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
| | - Cheryl L Ackert-Bicknell
- Colorado Program for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Erika Kague
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Franz Jakob
- Bernhard-Heine-Centrum für Bewegungsforschung und Lehrstuhl für Funktionswerkstoffe der Medizin und der Zahnheilkunde, Würzburg, Germany
| | - David Karasik
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Barbara Obermayer-Pietsch
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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17
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Shalit A, Gerontiti E, Boutzios G, Korakianiti E, Kanouta F, Vasileiou V, Psaltopoulou T, Paschou SA. Nutrition of aging people with diabetes mellitus: Focus on sarcopenia. Maturitas 2024; 185:107975. [PMID: 38522145 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2024.107975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
As populations age, chronic diseases accumulate, and new health conditions emerge. One noteworthy pair that warrants further evaluation is diabetes mellitus and sarcopenia, given that the latter occurs in 28 % of the population aged over 50 who have diabetes mellitus. The management of both entails nutritional interventions, making the development of unified dietary recommendations an alluring strategy. This review aims to elucidate the current recommendations for the combined management of sarcopenia and diabetes, while featuring elements that require further research. The goal of nutritional management is to improve muscle mass and strength while regulating metabolic risk and glucose levels. To ensure muscle synthesis in the elderly, recommendations align at daily calorie intake that exceeds 30 kcal/kg, with adjustments based on comorbidities. Additionally, a protein intake of at least 1-1.2 g/kg/d is essential, emphasizing both daily and per-meal intake, and can be achieved through diet or branched-amino-acids supplements. Specific considerations for diabetes include restricted protein intake in diabetic nephropathy and exploring the potential link between branched amino acids and insulin resistance. Further recommendations that both promote metabolic health and have demonstrated at least a potential to increase muscle strength include prioritizing polyunsaturated fatty acids as a fat source and maintaining adequate levels of vitamin D. Clinicians should consult their patients on dietary optimization, but evidence is insufficient to recommend additional supplementation. Lastly, an emerging challenge of diabetes and sarcopenia is sarcopenic obesity, which requires the combination of a hypocaloric diet with increased protein intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almog Shalit
- Endocrine Unit and Diabetes Center, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Section of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eleni Gerontiti
- Endocrine Unit and Diabetes Center, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Boutzios
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Pathophysiology, Laiko Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Fotini Kanouta
- Department of Endocrinology, Alexandra Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Theodora Psaltopoulou
- Endocrine Unit and Diabetes Center, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Stavroula A Paschou
- Endocrine Unit and Diabetes Center, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
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18
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Nascimento PMC, Rodrigues Junior LF, Felix Mediano MF, Gonçalves da Silva V, Tura BR, Nogueira FCS, Domont G, Carvalho AB, de Carvalho ACC, Kasai-Brunswick TH, Mesquita CT, Junior HV, Rey HCV. Prevalence and impact of sarcopenia in individuals with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (the SARC-HF study): A prospective observational study protocol. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300918. [PMID: 38512827 PMCID: PMC10956824 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia, a clinical syndrome primarily associated with reduced muscle mass in the elderly, has a negative impact on quality of life and survival. It can occur secondarily to other diseases such as heart failure (HF), a complex clinical syndrome with high morbidity and mortality. The simultaneous occurrence of these two conditions can worsen the prognosis of their carriers, especially in the most severe cases of HF, as in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). However, due to the heterogeneous diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia, estimates of its prevalence present a wide variation, leading to new criteria having been recently proposed for its diagnosis, emphasizing muscle strength and function rather than skeletal muscle mass. The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of sarcopenia and/or dynapenia in individuals with HF with reduced LVEF according to the most recent criteria, and compare the gene and protein expression of those patients with and without sarcopenia. The secondary objectives are to evaluate the association of sarcopenia and/or dynapenia with the risk of clinical events and death, quality of life, cardiorespiratory capacity, ventilatory efficiency, and respiratory muscle strength. The participants will answer questionnaires to evaluate sarcopenia and quality of life, and will undergo the following tests: handgrip strength, gait speed, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, respiratory muscle strength, cardiopulmonary exercise, as well as genomic and proteomic analysis, and dosage of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide and growth differentiation factor-15. An association between sarcopenia and/or dynapenia with unfavorable clinical evolution is expected to be found, in addition to reduced quality of life, cardiorespiratory capacity, ventilatory efficiency, and respiratory muscle strength.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luiz Fernando Rodrigues Junior
- National Institute of Cardiology, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Gilberto Domont
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Adriana Bastos Carvalho
- National Institute of Cardiology, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Taís Hanae Kasai-Brunswick
- National Institute of Cardiology, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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19
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Huang YC, Dong Y, Tang CM, Shi Y, Pang J. Mortality and disability risk among older adults unable to complete grip strength and physical performance tests: a population-based cohort study from China. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:797. [PMID: 38481165 PMCID: PMC10938679 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18258-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The link between low grip strength, diminished physical performance, and adverse health outcomes in older adults has been well-established. However, the impact of older adults who cannot complete these tests on disability and mortality rates remains unexplored without longitudinal study. METHODS We collected data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Participants aged 60-101 were enrolled at baseline. We analyzed the prevalence of populations unable to complete handgrip strength (HGS), gait speed (GS), and five times chair stand test (FTCST). Completing risk models were used to estimate the risk of mortality and disability over seven years. RESULTS A total of 3,768 participants were included in the analysis. The percentage of older adults unable to complete the GS and FTCST tests increased notably with age, from 2.68 to 8.90% and 2.60-20.42%, respectively. The proportion of older people unable to perform the HGS was relatively stable, ranging from 1.40 to 3.66%. Compared to older adults who can complete these tests, those who cannot perform FTCST face a significantly higher risk of mortality, with 49.1% higher risk [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.491, 95% CI = 1.156, 1.922; subdistribution hazard ratio (SHR) = 1.491, 95%CI = 1.135,1.958)]. Participants who were unable to complete the GS test had a higher risk of developing ADL disability, regardless of whether they were compared to the lowest-performing group (HR = 1.411, 95%CI = 1.037,1.920; SHR = 1.356, 95%CI = 1.030,1.785) or those who can complete the GS (HR = 1.727, 95%CI = 1.302,2.292; SHR = 1.541, 95%CI = 1.196,1.986). No statistically significant difference in the risk of developing ADL disability among older adults who were unable to complete the HGS test compared with either the poorest performing group (HR = 0.982, 95% CI = 0.578, 1.666; SHR = 1.025, 95% CI = 0.639, 1.642) or those who were able to complete the HGS test (HR = 1.008, 95% CI = 0.601, 1.688; SHR = 0.981, 95% CI = 0.619, 1.553). The risk of all-cause mortality was not significantly different for older adults who were unable to complete the HGS test compared to those with the worst performance (HR = 1.196, 95%CI = 0.709-2.020; SHR = 1.196, 95%CI = 0.674, 2.124) or those who were able to complete the test (HR = 1.462, 95%CI = 0.872-2.450; SHR = 1.462, 95%CI = 0.821,2.605). CONCLUSION The risks of adverse events faced by older adults unable to complete the tests vary, indicating the necessity for future research to conduct separate analyses on this high-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Cheng Huang
- Shi's Center of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 201220, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Traumatology & Orthopedics, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 201220, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Dong
- School of Public Health, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Ming Tang
- Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Shi
- Shi's Center of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 201220, Shanghai, China.
- Institute of Traumatology & Orthopedics, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 201220, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jian Pang
- Shi's Center of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 201220, Shanghai, China.
- Institute of Traumatology & Orthopedics, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 201220, Shanghai, China.
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20
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Silva DMS, Valadão TA, Caporosi C, Aguilar-Nascimento JE, Dock-Nascimento DB. Risk Factors Associated with Acute Sarcopenia in Patients Hospitalized with COVID-19. J Nutr Metab 2024; 2024:7857489. [PMID: 38504833 PMCID: PMC10950415 DOI: 10.1155/2024/7857489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic is an extraordinary global emergency. The pandemic has changed profoundly people's lifestyles. This resulted in reductions in physical activity and changes in dietary intakes that have the potential to accelerate sarcopenia. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk factors associated with acute sarcopenia in patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Methods This was a cross-sectional study conducted from January/2021 to March/2022 in a private hospital in Cuiabá/MT, central region of Brazil. The main variable was the prevalence of acute sarcopenia among adults hospitalized with COVID19. Patients were assessed for acute sarcopenia using the SARC-F ≥4 questionnaire (strength, assistance with walking, rise from a chair, climb stairs, and falls), grip strength (<20 kg (female) and <35 kg (male)), and calf circumference (<33 cm (female) and <34 cm (male)). Results In all, 213 patients aged 57.4 ± 15.4 years, 63.8% male, were studied. Thirty-four (16.0%) patients were diagnosed with acute sarcopenia. Advanced age (older people) and the percentage of weight lost ≥3% before hospitalization were independent risk factors for acute sarcopenia in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Conclusion Acute sarcopenia was present in 16% of patients. Advanced age and percentage of weight lost ≥3% were independent risk factors for acute sarcopenia in patients hospitalized with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. M. S. Silva
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - T. A. Valadão
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - C. Caporosi
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
- Santa Rosa Hospital, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - J. E. Aguilar-Nascimento
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
- University Center of Várzea Grande (UNIVAG) Medical School, Várzea Grande, MT, Brazil
| | - D. B. Dock-Nascimento
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
- Faculty of Nutrition of the Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiabá, Brazil
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21
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Spangler HB, Lynch DH, Gross DC, Cook SB, Batsis JA. Changes in Weight or Body Composition by Frailty Status: A Pilot Study. J Nutr Gerontol Geriatr 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38470401 DOI: 10.1080/21551197.2024.2326807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Weight loss may benefit older adults with obesity. However, it is unknown whether individuals with different frailty phenotypes have different outcomes following weight loss. Community-dwelling adults aged ≥65 (n = 53) with a body mass index ≥30 kg/m2 were recruited for a six-month, single-arm, technology-based weight loss study. A 45-item frailty index identified frailty status using subjective and objective measures from a baseline geriatric assessment. At baseline, n = 22 participants were classified as pre-frail (41.5%) and n = 31 were frail (58.5%), with no differences in demographic characteristics. While weight decreased significantly in both groups (pre-frail: 90.8 ± 2.7 kg to 85.5 ± 2.4 kg (p < 0.001); frail: 102.7 ± 3.4 kg to 98.5 ± 3.3 kg (p < 0.001), no differences were observed between groups for changes in weight (p = 0.30), appendicular lean mass/height2 (p = 0.47), or fat-free mass (p = 0.06). Older adults with obesity can safely lose weight irrespective of frailty status using a technology-based approach. Further investigation is needed to determine whether the impact of specific lifestyle interventions differ by frailty status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hillary B Spangler
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - David H Lynch
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Danae C Gross
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Summer B Cook
- School of Kinesiology, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
| | - John A Batsis
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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22
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Mahato NK, Davis A, Simon JE, Clark BC. Assessing muscular power in older adults: evaluating the predictive capacity of the 30-second chair rise test. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2024; 5:1302574. [PMID: 38510571 PMCID: PMC10950899 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2024.1302574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Background: Timed chair rise tests are frequently used as a substitute for assessing leg muscle strength or power. To determine if timed chair rise tests are an indicator of lower extremity muscle power, we examined the relationship between the repetitions completed in a 30-s chair rise test and the power generated during the test. Methods: Seventy-five individuals participated in this study (n = 30 < 65 years and 45 ≥ 65 years). Participants underwent a 30-s chair rise test while instrumented with a power analyzer. Handgrip strength was also evaluated. Results: The relationship between chair rise repetitions and average chair rise power was R 2 = 0.32 (p < 0.001). Chair rise repetitions when regressed on a total (i.e., summed) chair rise power, it yielded R 2 = 0.70 with data from all participants combined (p < 0.001). A mediation analysis indicated that anthropometrics partially mediates the relationship between chair rise repetitions and total chair rise power accounting for 2.8%-6.9% of the variance. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that in older adults, the overall performance of chair rises offers limited information about the average power per rise but is more indicative of the cumulative power exerted. Thus, the total number of chair rises in a 30-s test is likely a more comprehensive metric of overall muscular power, reflecting endurance aspects as well. Additionally, we found that personal physical attributes, such as height and weight, partially influence the link between chair rise count and total power, highlighting the importance of factoring in individual body metrics in assessments of muscular performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niladri Kumar Mahato
- Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute (OMNI), Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, OH, United States
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Marian University, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Alexandria Davis
- Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Janet E. Simon
- Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute (OMNI), Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- School of Applied Health and Wellness, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Brian C. Clark
- Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute (OMNI), Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, OH, United States
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23
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Mirzai S, Tang WHW. Targeting cardiac and cerebrovascular risks of sarcopenia: Is it time to screen for muscle health? J Am Geriatr Soc 2024; 72:654-657. [PMID: 38241461 PMCID: PMC10947918 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.18777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
This Editorial comments on the article by Jauffret et al. in this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Mirzai
- Section on Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem NC
| | - W. H. Wilson Tang
- Kaufman Center for Heart Failure Treatment and Recovery, Heart Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland OH
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24
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Ding K, Jiang W, Zhangwang J, Li J, Lei M. The Effect of Rheumatoid Arthritis on Features Associated with Sarcopenia: A Mendelian Randomization Study. Calcif Tissue Int 2024; 114:286-294. [PMID: 38310546 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-023-01178-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Previous epidemiological evidence suggests rheumatoid arthritis is associated with sarcopenia-related features. However, most of the current evidence is from cross-sectional studies, and the causal link of this association is still to be determined. Therefore, this study was committed to a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis to assess the causal effect of rheumatoid arthritis on sarcopenia-related features. In this two-sample Mendelian randomization study, instrumental variables for rheumatoid arthritis were obtained from the Non-Cancer Disease Study, and data for the five relevant characteristics of sarcopenia were pooled from UKBiobank. Inverse variance weighting is the primary analysis method for assessing causal effects. MR-Egger regression and weighted median are complementary analysis methods for causal effects. Leave-one-out analysis, horizontal pleiotropy test, and Heterogeneity test are applied as a sensitivity analysis to assess the robustness of causal effect estimates. The inverse variance weighted results for the five characteristics associated with sarcopenia and rheumatoid arthritis were: hand grip strength (right) (beta = - 2.309, se = 0.206, p = 3.340E-29), hand grip strength (left) (beta = - 2.046, se = 0.205, p = 2.166E-23), whole body lean mass (beta = - 0.843, se = 0.135, p = 4.67E-10), appendicular lean mass (beta = - 2.444, se = 0.208, p = 6.069E-32), Usual walking pace (OR 0.340, 95% CI (0.238, 0.484), p = 2.471E-09). The sensitivity analyses did not support that horizontal pleiotropy distorted causal effect estimates. The beta coefficient quantifies the number of standard deviations of the continuous outcome variables (hand grip strength, whole body lean mass, and appendicular lean mass) that change on average with each increase in the standard deviation of the binary exposure variable (rheumatoid arthritis). The odds ratios indicate the increased risk of the binary outcome variable (usual walking pace) per rheumatoid arthritis standard deviation increase. This study has demonstrated a negative causal effect of rheumatoid arthritis with five major sarcopenia-related features in a European population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixi Ding
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
- Department of Geriatrics, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Juejue Zhangwang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
- Department of Geriatrics, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Lei
- Department of Geriatrics, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China.
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25
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Kirk B, Cawthon PM, Arai H, Ávila-Funes JA, Barazzoni R, Bhasin S, Binder EF, Bruyere O, Cederholm T, Chen LK, Cooper C, Duque G, Fielding RA, Guralnik J, Kiel DP, Landi F, Reginster JY, Sayer AA, Visser M, von Haehling S, Woo J, Cruz-Jentoft AJ. The Conceptual Definition of Sarcopenia: Delphi Consensus from the Global Leadership Initiative in Sarcopenia (GLIS). Age Ageing 2024; 53:afae052. [PMID: 38520141 PMCID: PMC10960072 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afae052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Sarcopenia, the age-related loss of muscle mass and strength/function, is an important clinical condition. However, no international consensus on the definition exists. OBJECTIVE The Global Leadership Initiative in Sarcopenia (GLIS) aimed to address this by establishing the global conceptual definition of sarcopenia. DESIGN The GLIS steering committee was formed in 2019-21 with representatives from all relevant scientific societies worldwide. During this time, the steering committee developed a set of statements on the topic and invited members from these societies to participate in a two-phase International Delphi Study. Between 2022 and 2023, participants ranked their agreement with a set of statements using an online survey tool (SurveyMonkey). Statements were categorised based on predefined thresholds: strong agreement (>80%), moderate agreement (70-80%) and low agreement (<70%). Statements with strong agreement were accepted, statements with low agreement were rejected and those with moderate agreement were reintroduced until consensus was reached. RESULTS 107 participants (mean age: 54 ± 12 years [1 missing age], 64% men) from 29 countries across 7 continents/regions completed the Delphi survey. Twenty statements were found to have a strong agreement. These included; 6 statements on 'general aspects of sarcopenia' (strongest agreement: the prevalence of sarcopenia increases with age (98.3%)), 3 statements on 'components of sarcopenia' (muscle mass (89.4%), muscle strength (93.1%) and muscle-specific strength (80.8%) should all be a part of the conceptual definition of sarcopenia)) and 11 statements on 'outcomes of sarcopenia' (strongest agreement: sarcopenia increases the risk of impaired physical performance (97.9%)). A key finding of the Delphi survey was that muscle mass, muscle strength and muscle-specific strength were all accepted as 'components of sarcopenia', whereas impaired physical performance was accepted as an 'outcome' rather than a 'component' of sarcopenia. CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE The GLIS has created the first global conceptual definition of sarcopenia, which will now serve to develop an operational definition for clinical and research settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Kirk
- Department of Medicine, Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), University of Melbourne and Western Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Peggy M Cawthon
- California Pacific Medical Center, Research Institute, 550 16th Street, Second Floor, San Francisco, CA 94143USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CAUSA
| | - Hidenori Arai
- National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, AichiJapan
| | - José A Ávila-Funes
- Department of Geriatrics, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
- Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, University of Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux F-33000, France
| | - Rocco Barazzoni
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Shalender Bhasin
- Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MAUSA
| | - Ellen F Binder
- Division of General Medicine and Geriatrics, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis MO, USA
| | - Olivier Bruyere
- WHO Collaborating Center for Public Health Aspects of Musculo-Skeletal Health and Ageing, Division of Public Health, Epidemiology and Health Economics, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Department of Sport and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Tommy Cederholm
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Theme Inflammation and Ageing, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Liang-Kung Chen
- Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center for Healthy Longevity and Aging Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cyrus Cooper
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OXUK
| | - Gustavo Duque
- Bone, Muscle & Geroscience Group, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Dr Joseph Kaufmann Chair in Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Roger A Fielding
- Nutrition Exercise, Physiology, and Sarcopenia Laboratory, Jean Mayer U.S. Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MAUSA
| | - Jack Guralnik
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MDUSA
| | - Douglas P Kiel
- Department of Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MAUSA
| | - Francesco Landi
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Jean-Yves Reginster
- WHO Collaborating Center for Epidemiology of Musculoskeletal Health and Aging, Liège, Belgium
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Avan A Sayer
- AGE Research Group, NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle Hospitals and Faculty of Medical Sciences Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Marjolein Visser
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- The Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stephan von Haehling
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medicine Göttingen (UMG), Göttingen, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jean Woo
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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26
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Virto N, Río X, Angulo-Garay G, García Molina R, Avendaño Céspedes A, Cortés Zamora EB, Gómez Jiménez E, Alcantud Córcoles R, Rodriguez Mañas L, Costa-Grille A, Matheu A, Marcos-Pérez D, Lazcano U, Vergara I, Arjona L, Saeteros M, Lopez-de-Ipiña D, Coca A, Abizanda Soler P, Sanabria SJ. Development of Continuous Assessment of Muscle Quality and Frailty in Older Patients Using Multiparametric Combinations of Ultrasound and Blood Biomarkers: Protocol for the ECOFRAIL Study. JMIR Res Protoc 2024; 13:e50325. [PMID: 38393761 PMCID: PMC10924264 DOI: 10.2196/50325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Frailty resulting from the loss of muscle quality can potentially be delayed through early detection and physical exercise interventions. There is a demand for cost-effective tools for the objective evaluation of muscle quality, in both cross-sectional and longitudinal assessments. Literature suggests that quantitative analysis of ultrasound data captures morphometric, compositional, and microstructural muscle properties, while biological assays derived from blood samples are associated with functional information. OBJECTIVE This study aims to assess multiparametric combinations of ultrasound and blood-based biomarkers to offer a cross-sectional evaluation of the patient frailty phenotype and to track changes in muscle quality associated with supervised exercise programs. METHODS This prospective observational multicenter study will include patients aged 70 years and older who are capable of providing informed consent. We aim to recruit 100 patients from hospital environments and 100 from primary care facilities. Each patient will undergo at least two examinations (baseline and follow-up), totaling a minimum of 400 examinations. In hospital environments, 50 patients will be measured before/after a 16-week individualized and supervised exercise program, while another 50 patients will be followed up after the same period without intervention. Primary care patients will undergo a 1-year follow-up evaluation. The primary objective is to compare cross-sectional evaluations of physical performance, functional capacity, body composition, and derived scales of sarcopenia and frailty with biomarker combinations obtained from muscle ultrasound and blood-based assays. We will analyze ultrasound raw data obtained with a point-of-care device, along with a set of biomarkers previously associated with frailty, using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Additionally, we will examine the sensitivity of these biomarkers to detect short-term muscle quality changes and functional improvement after a supervised exercise intervention compared with usual care. RESULTS At the time of manuscript submission, the enrollment of volunteers is ongoing. Recruitment started on March 1, 2022, and ends on June 30, 2024. CONCLUSIONS The outlined study protocol will integrate portable technologies, using quantitative muscle ultrasound and blood biomarkers, to facilitate an objective cross-sectional assessment of muscle quality in both hospital and primary care settings. The primary objective is to generate data that can be used to explore associations between biomarker combinations and the cross-sectional clinical assessment of frailty and sarcopenia. Additionally, the study aims to investigate musculoskeletal changes following multicomponent physical exercise programs. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05294757; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05294757. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/50325.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiara Virto
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport Science, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Xabier Río
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport Science, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Garazi Angulo-Garay
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport Science, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Rafael García Molina
- Department of Geriatrics, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, Albacete, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research Network on Fragility and Healthy Aging (CIBERfes), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Almudena Avendaño Céspedes
- Department of Geriatrics, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, Albacete, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research Network on Fragility and Healthy Aging (CIBERfes), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Facultad de Enfermería de Albacete, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Elisa Belen Cortés Zamora
- Department of Geriatrics, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, Albacete, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research Network on Fragility and Healthy Aging (CIBERfes), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Gómez Jiménez
- Department of Geriatrics, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, Albacete, Spain
| | - Ruben Alcantud Córcoles
- Department of Geriatrics, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, Albacete, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research Network on Fragility and Healthy Aging (CIBERfes), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Leocadio Rodriguez Mañas
- Center for Biomedical Research Network on Fragility and Healthy Aging (CIBERfes), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Geriatrics Department, University Hospital of Getafe, Getafe, Spain
| | | | - Ander Matheu
- Center for Biomedical Research Network on Fragility and Healthy Aging (CIBERfes), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Biodonostia, Health Research Institute, Donostia, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Diego Marcos-Pérez
- Department of Geriatrics, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, Albacete, Spain
| | - Uxue Lazcano
- Biodonostia, Health Research Institute, Donostia, Spain
| | - Itziar Vergara
- Biodonostia, Health Research Institute, Donostia, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
- Osakidetza, Health Care Department, Research Unit APOSIs, Gipuzkoa, Spain
- Research Network in Chronicity, Primary Care and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Laura Arjona
- Deusto Institute of Technology, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Morelva Saeteros
- Deusto Institute of Technology, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain
| | | | - Aitor Coca
- Department of Physical Activity and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Euneiz University, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Pedro Abizanda Soler
- Department of Geriatrics, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, Albacete, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research Network on Fragility and Healthy Aging (CIBERfes), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Facultad de Medicina de Albacete, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Sergio J Sanabria
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
- Deusto Institute of Technology, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
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Esposto G, Borriello R, Galasso L, Termite F, Mignini I, Cerrito L, Ainora ME, Gasbarrini A, Zocco MA. Ultrasound Evaluation of Sarcopenia in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Faster and Easier Way to Detect Patients at Risk. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:371. [PMID: 38396410 PMCID: PMC10887735 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14040371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The condition of sarcopenia, defined as a progressive loss of musculoskeletal mass and muscular strength, is very common in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and presents a remarkable association with its prognosis. Thus, the early identification of sarcopenic patients represents one of the potential new approaches in the global assessment of HCC, and there is increasing interest regarding the potential therapeutic implications of this condition. The gold standard for the quantification of muscle mass is magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT), but these techniques are not always feasible because of the high-cost equipment needed. A new possibility in sarcopenia identification could be muscle ultrasound examination. The measurement of specific parameters such as the muscle thickness, muscular fascicles length or pennation angle has shown a good correlation with CT or MRI values and a good diagnostic accuracy in the detection of sarcopenia. Recently, these results were also confirmed specifically in patients with chronic liver disease. This review summarizes the role of imaging for the diagnosis of sarcopenia in patients with HCC, focusing on the advantages and disadvantages of the diagnostic techniques currently validated for this aim and the future perspectives for the identification of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Esposto
- CEMAD Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A.Gemelli" IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 20123 Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaele Borriello
- CEMAD Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A.Gemelli" IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 20123 Rome, Italy
| | - Linda Galasso
- CEMAD Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A.Gemelli" IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 20123 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Termite
- CEMAD Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A.Gemelli" IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 20123 Rome, Italy
| | - Irene Mignini
- CEMAD Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A.Gemelli" IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 20123 Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Cerrito
- CEMAD Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A.Gemelli" IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 20123 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Elena Ainora
- CEMAD Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A.Gemelli" IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 20123 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- CEMAD Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A.Gemelli" IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 20123 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Assunta Zocco
- CEMAD Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A.Gemelli" IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 20123 Rome, Italy
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Kiss CM, Bertschi D, Beerli N, Berres M, Kressig RW, Fischer AM. Calf circumference as a surrogate indicator for detecting low muscle mass in hospitalized geriatric patients. Aging Clin Exp Res 2024; 36:25. [PMID: 38321234 PMCID: PMC10847205 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-024-02694-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenia is characterized by low muscle strength, decreased muscle mass, and decline in physical performance. While the measurements of muscle strength and physical performance are easy to perform, an accurate evaluation of muscle mass is technically more demanding. We therefore evaluated the suitability of calf circumference (CC) as a clinical indicator for muscle mass. METHODS In a cross-sectional single-centre study, geriatric inpatients were assessed for sarcopenia according to the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2 (EWGSOP2) consensus. Calf circumference was tested for correlation with appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI). Receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) were used to calculate the discriminatory value of the CC cut-off values to differentiate patients above and below ASMI cut-offs for sarcopenia. RESULTS In this study population (n = 305, age 83.5 ± 7.0 years, BMI 25.7 kg/m2, 65.6% female), the prevalence of sarcopenia was 22.6%. In subjects with low ASMI, mean CC was 29.5 ± 3.4 cm for females and 32.0 ± 3.4 cm for males. A positive relationship between CC and ASMI was found. The optimized cut-off value for CC to identify patients with low ASMI was <31.5 cm for females (sensitivity 78%, specificity 79%), and <33.5 cm for males (sensitivity 71%, specificity 62%). CONCLUSION In clinical settings where imaging technology for muscle mass quantification is not available, simple calf circumference measurement may be used as a dependable indicator for low muscle mass in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline M Kiss
- University Department of Geriatric Medicine FELIX PLATTER, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dominic Bertschi
- University Department of Geriatric Medicine FELIX PLATTER, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Geriatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nadine Beerli
- University Department of Geriatric Medicine FELIX PLATTER, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Nursing Science, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Manfred Berres
- Department of Mathematics and Technology, University of Applied Sciences Koblenz, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Reto W Kressig
- University Department of Geriatric Medicine FELIX PLATTER, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas M Fischer
- University Department of Geriatric Medicine FELIX PLATTER, Basel, Switzerland.
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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da Silva LSL, Abdalla PP, Marcos-Pardo PJ, Romo-Perez V, Garcia-Soidan JL, Mota J, Machado DRL. Sarcopenic obesity does not impair lower limb strength and physical performance in sufficiently active older adults: a cross-sectional study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3061. [PMID: 38321169 PMCID: PMC10847493 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53538-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the associations of sarcopenic obesity (SO) with muscle strength and physical performance in sufficiently active older adults. Data from 72 older sarcopenic obese adults classified as sufficiently active were analyzed. Participants were categorized into four groups based on sex and SO status. Muscle strength/physical performance tests were compared using independent sample t-tests. Multiple linear regression and binary logistic regression were performed to examine the associations between SO and muscle strength and physical performance, adjusting for confounding variables. Only handgrip strength showed differences between SO groups, regardless of sex (p < 0.05). SO negatively explained the variability of handgrip strength (p < 0.05). An increase in handgrip strength values was associated with a decrease in the chances of older adults being classified as SO (p < 0.05). The findings suggest that even with SO, sufficiently active older adults did not present a significant reduction in muscle strength in the lower limbs and physical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Santos Lopes da Silva
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Bandeirantes Avenue No 3900, University Campus - Monte Alegre, Ribeirao Preto, SP, 14030-680, Brazil.
- Study and Research Group in Anthropometry, Training, and Sport (GEPEATE), University of São Paulo, School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
| | - Pedro Pugliesi Abdalla
- Study and Research Group in Anthropometry, Training, and Sport (GEPEATE), University of São Paulo, School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Pablo Jorge Marcos-Pardo
- Department of Education, Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Almería, 04120, Almería, Spain
- CERNEP Research Center, SPORT Research Group (CTS-1024), University of Almería, 04120, Almería, Spain
- Active Aging, Exercise and Health/HEALTHY-AGE Network, Consejo Superior de Deportes (CSD), Ministry of Culture and Sport of Spain, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicente Romo-Perez
- Faculty of Education and Sport Sciences, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | | | - Jorge Mota
- The Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health, and Leisure (CIAFEL), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Dalmo Roberto Lopes Machado
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Bandeirantes Avenue No 3900, University Campus - Monte Alegre, Ribeirao Preto, SP, 14030-680, Brazil
- Study and Research Group in Anthropometry, Training, and Sport (GEPEATE), University of São Paulo, School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- The Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health, and Leisure (CIAFEL), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- ESEC - Universidade do Algarve, Campus da Penha, Faro, Portugal
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Ginevičienė V, Pranckevičienė E, Kilaitė J, Mastavičiūtė A, Dadelienė R, Jamontaitė IE, Letukienė A, Ahmetov II, Alekna V. Bibliometric and scientometric analysis on biomarkers and molecular mechanisms for physical frailty and sarcopenia. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1326764. [PMID: 38375321 PMCID: PMC10875138 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1326764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The influence of physical frailty and sarcopenia (PFS) on the well-being of older people and continuous pressure on the healthcare systems has prompted a research on the pathophysiology and molecular mechanisms of these conditions. Nonetheless some biomarkers have been suggested as potential markers for PFS none of them have been shown to highlight the complex nature of PFS, which reveals that there is a need for an understanding of the possible biomarker candidates. The aim of this study was to identify the current research hotspots, status, and trends in the field of biomarkers and molecular mechanisms for PFS. Methods The bibliometric and scientometric analyses were performed using VOSviewer (version 1.6.18) and open source software platform Cytoscape v.3.9 (for visualizing and constructing a network of keywords). Data of publications (from 1997 to 2023) related to biomarkers and molecular mechanisms of PFS were obtained (in May 2023) from the database of Science Citation Index Expanded of Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed. The keywords obtained from the Scopus database were used to perform a meaningful keyword analysis. A network of keyword relationships was build using Cytoscape. Results In this study, we present biomarker keywords for PFS in relation to other keywords potentially designating processes and mechanisms and reveal the biomarker identities and current contexts in which these biomarker identities are discussed. Conclusions Over recent years, scientific interest in the field of PFS has increased and focused on the inflammatory process and probably will be concentrated on myokines (such as cytokines and small proteins) that are synthetized and released by skeletal muscles in response to physical activity. Moreover, proteomic and genetic markers are deeply involved in PFS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erinija Pranckevičienė
- Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
- Faculty of Informatics, Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Justina Kilaitė
- Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
- Clinic of Internal Diseases and Family Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | - Rūta Dadelienė
- Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | | | - Ildus I. Ahmetov
- Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Martone AM, Ciciarello F, Galluzzo V, Calvani R, Zazzara MB, Tosato M, Coelho‐Junior HJ, Marzetti E, Landi F. A simple medical device development according to normative values of calf circumference across ages: results from the Italian Longevity Check-up 7+ (Lookup 7+) project. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2024; 15:36-44. [PMID: 38053516 PMCID: PMC10834319 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wide consensus exists on the notion that low muscle mass is a predictor of negative health-related events, such as disability, morbidity, and mortality. Indeed, the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2 had identified muscle mass as the key component to confirm the diagnosis of sarcopenia. However, the lack of normative values for muscle mass across ages hampers the practical assessment of this important parameter. The aim of the present study was to produce cross-sectional centile and normative values for calf circumference (a surrogate estimation of muscle mass) across a wide spectrum of ages using a large and unselected sample of community-dwellers enrolled in the Longevity Check-up 7+ (Lookup 7+) project. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study using the data of Lookup 7+ project, an ongoing study started in June 2015 and conducted in unconventional settings (i.e., exhibitions, malls, and health promotion campaigns). Candidate participants were considered eligible for enrolment if they were at least 45 years of age and provided written informed consent. Calf circumference was measured using an inextensible but flexible plastic tape in a sitting position with the knee and ankle at a right angle and the feet resting on the floor. Normative values for calf circumference from ages 45 to 80 + years were generated. RESULTS A total of 11 814 participants were enrolled from 1 June 2015 to 30 September 2022. The mean age of participants included in the analyses was 61.8 years (standard deviation; 10.2 years; range: 45-98 years), and 6686 (57%) were women. Normative values for calf circumference were obtained for men and women, stratified by age groups. Accordingly, a calf circumference tape, with colour bands that demarcate the centiles range into which the patient falls, was created and validated. CONCLUSIONS Our study established age- and gender-specific centile reference values for calf circumference. The calf circumference tape can be used to easily interpret the assessment in every-day practice for the early detection of individuals with or at risk of sarcopenia and malnutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Martone
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario ‘Agostino Gemelli’ IRCCSRomeItaly
- Department of Geriatrics, Orthopedics and RheumatologyUniversità Cattolica del Sacro CuoreRomeItaly
| | | | - Vincenzo Galluzzo
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario ‘Agostino Gemelli’ IRCCSRomeItaly
| | - Riccardo Calvani
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario ‘Agostino Gemelli’ IRCCSRomeItaly
- Department of Geriatrics, Orthopedics and RheumatologyUniversità Cattolica del Sacro CuoreRomeItaly
| | | | - Matteo Tosato
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario ‘Agostino Gemelli’ IRCCSRomeItaly
| | - Hélio José Coelho‐Junior
- Department of Geriatrics, Orthopedics and RheumatologyUniversità Cattolica del Sacro CuoreRomeItaly
| | - Emanuele Marzetti
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario ‘Agostino Gemelli’ IRCCSRomeItaly
- Department of Geriatrics, Orthopedics and RheumatologyUniversità Cattolica del Sacro CuoreRomeItaly
| | - Francesco Landi
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario ‘Agostino Gemelli’ IRCCSRomeItaly
- Department of Geriatrics, Orthopedics and RheumatologyUniversità Cattolica del Sacro CuoreRomeItaly
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Voulgaridou G, Tyrovolas S, Detopoulou P, Tsoumana D, Drakaki M, Apostolou T, Chatziprodromidou IP, Papandreou D, Giaginis C, Papadopoulou SK. Diagnostic Criteria and Measurement Techniques of Sarcopenia: A Critical Evaluation of the Up-to-Date Evidence. Nutrients 2024; 16:436. [PMID: 38337720 PMCID: PMC10856900 DOI: 10.3390/nu16030436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia, a geriatric syndrome characterized by progressive skeletal muscle mass and function decline, poses a significant health risk among the elderly, contributing to frailty, falls, hospitalization, loss of independence and mortality. The prevalence of sarcopenia varies significantly based on various factors, such as living status, demographics, measurement techniques and diagnostic criteria. Although the overall prevalence is reported at 10% in individuals aged 60 and above, disparities exist across settings, with higher rates in nursing homes and hospitals. Additionally, the differences in prevalence between Asian and non-Asian countries highlight the impact of cultural and ethnic factors, and variations in diagnostic criteria, cut-off values and assessment methods contribute to the observed heterogeneity in reported rates. This review outlines diverse diagnostic criteria and several measurement techniques supporting decision making in clinical practice. Moreover, it facilitates the selection of appropriate tools to assess sarcopenia, emphasizing its multifactorial nature. Various scientific groups, including the European Working Group of Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP), the International Working Group on Sarcopenia (IWGS), the Asian Working Group on Sarcopenia (AWGS), the American Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (FNIH) and the Sarcopenia Definition and Outcomes Consortium (SDOC), have published consensus papers outlining diverse definitions of sarcopenia. The choice of diagnostic criteria should be aligned with the specific objectives of the study or clinical practice, considering the characteristics of the study population and available resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavriela Voulgaridou
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece; (G.V.); (D.T.); (M.D.)
| | - Stefanos Tyrovolas
- Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA;
- WHOCC Centre for Community Health Services, School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Research, Innovation and Teaching Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, 08830 Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Paraskevi Detopoulou
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, General Hospital Korgialenio Benakio, Athanassaki 2, 11526 Athens, Greece
| | - Despoina Tsoumana
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece; (G.V.); (D.T.); (M.D.)
| | - Mariella Drakaki
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece; (G.V.); (D.T.); (M.D.)
| | - Thomas Apostolou
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | | | - Dimitrios Papandreou
- Department of Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics, College of Health, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Constantinos Giaginis
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, University of Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Greece;
| | - Sousana K. Papadopoulou
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece; (G.V.); (D.T.); (M.D.)
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Evans WJ, Guralnik J, Cawthon P, Appleby J, Landi F, Clarke L, Vellas B, Ferrucci L, Roubenoff R. Sarcopenia: no consensus, no diagnostic criteria, and no approved indication-How did we get here? GeroScience 2024; 46:183-190. [PMID: 37996722 PMCID: PMC10828356 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-01016-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In addition to the role of skeletal muscle in movement and locomotion, muscle plays a critical role in a broad array of metabolic processes that can contribute to improved health or risk of disease. The age-associated loss of muscle has been termed sarcopenia. The muscle is the primary site of insulin-stimulated glucose disposal and the largest component of basal metabolic rate, directly and indirectly affects bone density, produces myokines with pleiotropic effect on muscle and other tissues including the brain, and stores essential amino acids essential for the maintenance of protein synthesis during periods of reduced food intake and stress. As such, not surprisingly deterioration of skeletal muscle health, typically operationalized as decline of muscle mass and muscle strength is both a powerful risk factor and main consequence of chronic diseases, disability, and loss of independence, and it is one of the strongest risk factors for mortality. However, skeletal muscle remains one of the most plastic of all tissues, with rapid changes in rates of protein synthesis and degradation in response to physical activity and inactivity, inflammation, and nutritional and hormonal status. This has made the development of pharmacological therapies to increase muscle mass (or prevent loss), an important goal for decades. However, while remarkable advances in the understanding of molecular and cellular regulation of muscle protein metabolism have occurred recently, there are no approved drugs for the treatment of sarcopenia, the loss of skeletal muscle affecting millions of older people. The goal of this paper is to describe the possible reasons for the lack of new and effective pharmacotherapies to treat one of the most important risk factors for age-associated disease and loss of independence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jack Guralnik
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peggy Cawthon
- California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - James Appleby
- Gerontological Society of America, Washington, DC, USA
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Ji S, Baek JY, Lee E, Jang IY, Jung HW. Phenotype validation of the Korean working group on sarcopenia guideline. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2024; 117:105251. [PMID: 37956586 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2023.105251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to validate the proposed Korean Working Group on Sarcopenia (KWGS) guideline, which introduces the concept of functional sarcopenia, in older Korean adults. METHODS Data from the Aging Study of Pyeongchang Rural Area, a longitudinal cohort of community-dwelling older adults, were utilized to compare frailty status and institutionalization-free survival among participants according to sarcopenia status. Based on the KWGS guideline, severe sarcopenia was defined as low muscle mass and strength with slow gait speed; sarcopenia (not severe) was defined as low muscle mass with low muscle strength or slow gait speed; and functional sarcopenia was defined as low muscle strength and slow gait speed without low muscle mass. RESULTS Among the 1302 participants, 329 (25.3 %) had severe sarcopenia, 147 (11.3 %) had sarcopenia (not severe), and 277 (21.3 %) had functional sarcopenia. Frailty was significantly greater in participants with any phenotype of sarcopenia than in those without sarcopenia. Additionally, participants with functional sarcopenia were frailer than those with sarcopenia (not severe). Furthermore, the rates of institutionalization and mortality were higher in participants with any phenotype of sarcopenia than in those without sarcopenia. There was no statistical difference between the rates of sarcopenia (not severe) and those with functional sarcopenia. These findings remained consistent after adjusting for age and sex. CONCLUSIONS Each phenotype according to the KWGS guideline was associated with significantly greater frailty and increased risk of institutionalization and mortality. Functional sarcopenia was associated with greater frailty and had comparable prognosis with sarcopenia (not severe).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunghwan Ji
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Baek
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eunju Lee
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Young Jang
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Won Jung
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Zhong L, Liu J, Xia M, Zhang Y, Liu S, Tan G. Effect of sarcopenia on survival in patients after pancreatic surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Nutr 2024; 10:1315097. [PMID: 38260056 PMCID: PMC10800600 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1315097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Numerous studies have reported sarcopenia to be associated with unfavorable outcomes in patients who have undergone pancreatectomy. Therefore, in this meta-analysis, we examined the relationship between sarcopenia and survival after pancreatic surgery. Methods PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched for studies that examined the association between sarcopenia and survival after pancreatic surgery from the inception of the database until June 1, 2023. Hazard ratio (HR) for overall survival (OS) and/or progression-free survival (PFS) of sarcopenia and pancreatic surgery were extracted from the selected studies and random or fixed-effect models were used to summarize the data according to the heterogeneity. Publication bias was assessed using Egger's linear regression test and a funnel plot. Results Sixteen studies met the inclusion criteria. For 13 aggregated univariate and 16 multivariate estimates, sarcopenia was associated with decreased OS (univariate analysis: HR 1.69, 95% CI 1.48-1.93; multivariate analysis: HR 1.69; 95% CI 1.39-2.05, I2 = 77.4%). Furthermore, sarcopenia was significantly associated with poor PFS of pancreatic resection (Change to univariate analysis: HR 1.74, 95% CI 1.47-2.05; multivariate analysis: HR 1.54; 95% CI 1.23-1.93, I2 = 63%). Conclusion Sarcopenia may be a significant prognostic factor for a shortened survival following pancreatectomy since it is linked to an elevated risk of mortality. Further studies are required to understand how sarcopenia affects long-term results after pancreatic resection.Systematic review registrationRegistration ID: CRD42023438208 https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/#recordDetails.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhong
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jifeng Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Mingquan Xia
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yunshu Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shuo Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Guang Tan
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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Pereira LMB, Ruas HMS, de Freitas Filho W, Alves WSM, Dias GO, Durães CP, Monteiro-Junior RS, Santos SHS, Farias LC, Guimarães ALS, Haikal DSA, Cardoso CM, de Paula AMB. Older adults, appendicular anthropometric measurements, and poor functional performance are predictors of sarcopenia in individuals with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Support Care Cancer 2024; 32:82. [PMID: 38175289 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-023-08254-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify predictors of sarcopenia (demographical, anthropometric measurements, tumor-related clinical characteristics, performance status, and serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and albumin levels in individuals with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). MATERIAL AND METHODS This cross-sectional study selected diagnosed with HNSCC (n = 125). Sarcopenia was defined as low muscle strength and low physical performance. Association between sarcopenia and anthropometric assessments (weight, height, body mass index, triceps skinfold, mid-upper arm circumference [MUAC], mid-upper arm muscle circumference, mid-upper arm fat area [UFA], mid-upper arm bone free muscle area, calf circumference, and appendicular skeletal muscle mass and index), tumor clinical characteristics (anatomical site, tumor size, and cervical metastasis), performance status scale (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status [ECOG-PS]), and CRP and albumin levels was analyzed using binary logistic regression models. RESULTS The diagnosis of sarcopenia was identified in 28 (22.4%) individuals with HNSCC. Being an older adult increases the odds of association with sarcopenia in individuals with HNSCC (odds ratio [OR] = 1.05). Increments in MUAC measurement reduce the odds of association with sarcopenia (OR = 0.69), while the increase in the UFA measurement increases the odds of association with sarcopenia (OR = 1.33). Poor ECOG-PS scores increase the odds of association with sarcopenia in individuals with HNSCC (OR = 5.54). CONCLUSION Early identification of easy-to-perform, cost-effective predictors of sarcopenia tends to favor the implementation of personalized therapeutic and supportive interventions in individuals with HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Mara Barbosa Pereira
- Health Research Laboratories, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Hospital Universitário Clemente de Faria, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (UNIMONTES), Avenida Cula Mangabeira No 562. Bairro Santo Expedito, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, 39401-001, Brazil
| | - Hérika Maria Silveira Ruas
- Health Research Laboratories, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Hospital Universitário Clemente de Faria, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (UNIMONTES), Avenida Cula Mangabeira No 562. Bairro Santo Expedito, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, 39401-001, Brazil
| | - Walter de Freitas Filho
- Health Research Laboratories, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Hospital Universitário Clemente de Faria, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (UNIMONTES), Avenida Cula Mangabeira No 562. Bairro Santo Expedito, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, 39401-001, Brazil
| | - Wislene Sarajane Moreira Alves
- Health Research Laboratories, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Hospital Universitário Clemente de Faria, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (UNIMONTES), Avenida Cula Mangabeira No 562. Bairro Santo Expedito, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, 39401-001, Brazil
- Head and Neck Surgery and Oncology Center, Fundação de Saúde Hospital Dilson de Quadros Godinho, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, 39400-292, Brazil
| | - Gabrielle Oliveira Dias
- Health Research Laboratories, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Hospital Universitário Clemente de Faria, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (UNIMONTES), Avenida Cula Mangabeira No 562. Bairro Santo Expedito, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, 39401-001, Brazil
| | - Cristina Paixão Durães
- Health Research Laboratories, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Hospital Universitário Clemente de Faria, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (UNIMONTES), Avenida Cula Mangabeira No 562. Bairro Santo Expedito, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, 39401-001, Brazil
- Head and Neck Surgery and Oncology Center, Fundação de Saúde Hospital Dilson de Quadros Godinho, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, 39400-292, Brazil
| | - Renato Sobral Monteiro-Junior
- Health Research Laboratories, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Hospital Universitário Clemente de Faria, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (UNIMONTES), Avenida Cula Mangabeira No 562. Bairro Santo Expedito, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, 39401-001, Brazil
- Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (UNIMONTES), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, 39401-001, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Henrique Sousa Santos
- Health Research Laboratories, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Hospital Universitário Clemente de Faria, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (UNIMONTES), Avenida Cula Mangabeira No 562. Bairro Santo Expedito, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, 39401-001, Brazil
- Departament of Food Engineering, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, 39404-547, Brazil
| | - Lucyana Conceição Farias
- Health Research Laboratories, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Hospital Universitário Clemente de Faria, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (UNIMONTES), Avenida Cula Mangabeira No 562. Bairro Santo Expedito, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, 39401-001, Brazil
- Department of Dentistry, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (UNIMONTES), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, 39401-001, Brazil
| | - André Luiz Sena Guimarães
- Health Research Laboratories, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Hospital Universitário Clemente de Faria, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (UNIMONTES), Avenida Cula Mangabeira No 562. Bairro Santo Expedito, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, 39401-001, Brazil
- Department of Dentistry, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (UNIMONTES), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, 39401-001, Brazil
| | - Desirée Sant Ana Haikal
- Health Research Laboratories, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Hospital Universitário Clemente de Faria, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (UNIMONTES), Avenida Cula Mangabeira No 562. Bairro Santo Expedito, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, 39401-001, Brazil
- Department of Dentistry, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (UNIMONTES), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, 39401-001, Brazil
| | - Cláudio Marcelo Cardoso
- Health Research Laboratories, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Hospital Universitário Clemente de Faria, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (UNIMONTES), Avenida Cula Mangabeira No 562. Bairro Santo Expedito, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, 39401-001, Brazil
- Head and Neck Surgery and Oncology Center, Fundação de Saúde Hospital Dilson de Quadros Godinho, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, 39400-292, Brazil
| | - Alfredo Mauricio Batista de Paula
- Health Research Laboratories, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Hospital Universitário Clemente de Faria, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (UNIMONTES), Avenida Cula Mangabeira No 562. Bairro Santo Expedito, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, 39401-001, Brazil.
- Department of Dentistry, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (UNIMONTES), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, 39401-001, Brazil.
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Smith C, Sim M, Dalla Via J, Levinger I, Duque G. The Interconnection Between Muscle and Bone: A Common Clinical Management Pathway. Calcif Tissue Int 2024; 114:24-37. [PMID: 37922021 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-023-01146-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
Abstract
Often observed with aging, the loss of skeletal muscle (sarcopenia) and bone (osteoporosis) mass, strength, and quality, is associated with reduced physical function contributing to falls and fractures. Such events can lead to a loss of independence and poorer quality of life. Physical inactivity (mechanical unloading), especially in older adults, has detrimental effects on the mass and quality of bone as well as muscle, while increases in activity (mechanical loading) have positive effects. Emerging evidence suggests that the relationship between bone and muscle is driven, at least in part, by bone-muscle crosstalk. Bone and muscle are closely linked anatomically, mechanically, and biochemically, and both have the capacity to function with paracrine and endocrine-like action. However, the exact mechanisms involved in this crosstalk remain only partially explored. Given older adults with lower bone mass are more likely to present with impaired muscle function, and vice versa, strategies capable of targeting both bone and muscle are critical. Exercise is the primary evidence-based prevention strategy capable of simultaneously improving muscle and bone health. Unfortunately, holistic treatment plans including exercise in conjunction with other allied health services to prevent or treat musculoskeletal disease remain underutilized. With a focus on sarcopenia and osteoporosis, the aim of this review is to (i) briefly describe the mechanical and biochemical interactions between bone and muscle; (ii) provide a summary of therapeutic strategies, specifically exercise, nutrition and pharmacological approaches; and (iii) highlight a holistic clinical pathway for the assessment and management of sarcopenia and osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra Smith
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Nutrition and Health Innovation Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Marc Sim
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Nutrition and Health Innovation Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Jack Dalla Via
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Nutrition and Health Innovation Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Itamar Levinger
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, VIC, Australia
| | - Gustavo Duque
- Bone, Muscle & Geroscience Research Group, Research Institute of the MUHC, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Dr. Joseph Kaufmann Chair in Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Evans WJ, Cawthon PM. D 3Creatine Dilution as a Direct, Non-invasive and Accurate Measurement of Muscle Mass for Aging Research. Calcif Tissue Int 2024; 114:3-8. [PMID: 37594505 PMCID: PMC10791786 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-023-01124-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Initial definitions of sarcopenia included the age-associated loss of skeletal muscle mass that was presumed to be associated with late-life reduced functional capacity, disability and loss of independence. Because no method for determination of muscle mass was available for large cohort studies of aging men and women, lean body mass determined by dual X-ray absorptiometry or bioelectrical impedance was used as a surrogate measure of muscle mass. The data from these studies showed either no or a poor relationship between LBM and functional capacity and health related outcomes, leading to the conclusion of many that the amount of muscle may not be associated with these age-associated outcomes. It was assumed that some undefined index of muscle quality is the critical contributor. These studies also consistently showed that muscle strength is lost more quickly than lean mass. Total body muscle mass can now be measured directly, accurately and non-invasively using the D3creatine (D3Cr) dilution method. D3Cr muscle mass, but not DXA derived LBM, is strongly associated with functional capacity, falls and insulin resistance in older men and women. In addition, D3Cr muscle mass is associated with risk of disability, hip fracture and mortality. New and emerging data demonstrate that low muscle mass may serve as a diagnostic criterion for sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Evans
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Morgan Hall, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Division of Geriatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Peggy M Cawthon
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
- University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Iwasaka C, Nanri H, Nakagata T, Ohno H, Tanisawa K, Konishi K, Murakami H, Hosomi K, Park J, Yamada Y, Ono R, Mizuguchi K, Kunisawa J, Miyachi M. Association of skeletal muscle function, quantity, and quality with gut microbiota in Japanese adults: A cross-sectional study. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24:53-60. [PMID: 38098315 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.14751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
AIM The gut microbiota has emerged as a new intervention target for sarcopenia. Prior studies in humans have focused on the association between gut microbiota and skeletal muscle quantity, while the evidence on muscle function and quality is lacking. This study aimed to identify gut microbiota genera associated with skeletal muscle function, quantity, and quality in a general population of Japanese adults. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 164 participants aged 35-80 years, women and men recruited from urban areas of Japan. Fecal samples were collected and analyzed using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Skeletal muscle function was measured using handgrip strength and leg extension power (LEP), while skeletal muscle mass was estimated using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Phase angle was used as a measure of skeletal muscle quality. Multivariate linear regression analysis stratified by age group was used to examine the association between the dominant genera of the gut microbiota and skeletal muscle variables. RESULTS A significant association was found between Bacteroides and Prevotella 9 with LEP only in the ≥60 years group. When both Bacteroides and Prevotella 9 were included in the same regression model, only Bacteroides remained consistently and significantly associated with LEP. No significant associations were observed between skeletal muscle mass, handgrip strength, and phase angle and major gut microbiota genera. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we observed a significant positive association between Bacteroides and leg muscle function in older adults. Further studies are required to elucidate the underlying mechanisms linking Bacteroides to lower-extremity muscle function. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 53-60.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiharu Iwasaka
- Department of Physical Activity Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hinako Nanri
- Department of Physical Activity Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Gut Microbiome for Health, Microbial Research Center for Health and Medicine, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakagata
- Department of Physical Activity Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Gut Microbiome for Health, Microbial Research Center for Health and Medicine, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Harumi Ohno
- Department of Physical Activity Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Nutrition, Kiryu University, Kiryu, Japan
| | - Kumpei Tanisawa
- Department of Physical Activity Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kana Konishi
- Department of Physical Activity Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
- Faculty of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Toyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruka Murakami
- Department of Physical Activity Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan
| | - Koji Hosomi
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, Microbial Research Center for Health and Medicine, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jonguk Park
- Artificial Intelligence Center for Health and Biomedical Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yosuke Yamada
- Department of Physical Activity Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Gut Microbiome for Health, Microbial Research Center for Health and Medicine, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Rei Ono
- Department of Physical Activity Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Gut Microbiome for Health, Microbial Research Center for Health and Medicine, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenji Mizuguchi
- Artificial Intelligence Center for Health and Biomedical Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jun Kunisawa
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, Microbial Research Center for Health and Medicine, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- International Vaccine Design Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motohiko Miyachi
- Department of Physical Activity Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
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Deng M, Lu Y, Li X, Zhou X, Hou G. Association between sarcopenia and multimorbidity among middle-aged and older adults in China: Findings from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. Exp Gerontol 2024; 185:112348. [PMID: 38128847 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the association between sarcopenia and multimorbidity among middle-aged and older adults. This study investigated whether sarcopenia is associated with multimorbidity in middle-aged and older Chinese individuals. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 12,760 participants from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) 2015, with data on 14 specified chronic diseases and sarcopenia status were included in the cross-sectional analysis. A total of 7345 participants without multimorbidity from the CHARLS 2015 were included and followed up in 2018 in the longitudinal analysis. Logistic regression models were used in a cross-sectional investigation to assess the association between sarcopenia status and multimorbidity. In a longitudinal analysis, the relationships between sarcopenia status and multimorbidity were investigated using Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS Multimorbidity was prevalent in the no sarcopenia, possible sarcopenia, and sarcopenia groups at 38.8 % (3765/9713), 56.6 % (1199/2118), and 48.5 % (451/929), respectively. Multivariable regression revealed that both possible sarcopenia (β = 0.088, P<0.001) and sarcopenia (β = 0.028, P = 0.009), contributed to the number of chronic diseases. Logistic regression revealed that possible sarcopenia (OR: 1.56, 95 % CI: 1.39-1.76) was associated with multimorbidity. In the longitudinal analysis, participants in the possible sarcopenia group (HR: 1.19, 95 % CI:1.03-1.38) were more prone to experience new onset multimorbidity than did participants in the no sarcopenia group. CONCLUSIONS Possible sarcopenia is associated with the development of multimorbidity in middle-aged and older Chinese populations. Health screening of populations with possible sarcopenia can facilitate early detection of multimorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Deng
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Ye Lu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xuelian Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhou
- Respiratory Department, Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Hou
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, PR China.
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Neelam PB, Sharma A, Sharma V. Sarcopenia and frailty in inflammatory bowel disease: Emerging concepts and evidence. JGH Open 2024; 8:e13033. [PMID: 38283070 PMCID: PMC10821747 DOI: 10.1002/jgh3.13033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a condition marked by progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and function while frailty is a multidimensional concept characterized by diminished physiological reserve and increased vulnerability to stressors. Both of these were previously considered as related to aging and shown to impact the quality of life and carry prognostic significance. Emerging data show that both sarcopenia and frailty carry similar relevance in chronic illness. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract and malnourishment, both of which contribute to the development of sarcopenia by increasing protein breakdown and reducing protein synthesis. The coexistence of frailty further compounds the clinical complexity of IBD patients. Published evidence suggests a bidirectional association with IBD contributing to muscle wasting, while the resultant sarcopenia and frailty could further exacerbate the disease course. Sarcopenia and frailty are independently associated with adverse outcomes, including hospitalizations, increased surgical interventions, and surgical complications. As therapeutic strategies for IBD evolve, understanding the nuanced relationship between inflammatory bowel disease, sarcopenia, and frailty is crucial for devising holistic management. Comprehensive care should encompass not only disease-modifying therapies but also interventions targeting frailty and sarcopenia, as they have been shown to have a significant impact not only on the disease course but also on the quality of life. Future research could focus on further elucidating underlying mechanisms, simple screening strategies, and developing targeted interventions to improve the overall quality of life for individuals grappling with the complex interplay of IBD, sarcopenia, and frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pardhu B Neelam
- Department of GastroenterologyPostgraduate Institute of Medical Education and ResearchChandigarhIndia
| | - Alka Sharma
- Department of MedicineDr. BR Ambedkar Institute of Medical SciencesMohaliIndia
| | - Vishal Sharma
- Department of GastroenterologyPostgraduate Institute of Medical Education and ResearchChandigarhIndia
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Fielding RA. Sarcopenia: An Emerging Syndrome of Advancing Age. Calcif Tissue Int 2024; 114:1-2. [PMID: 38189814 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-023-01175-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Roger A Fielding
- Nutrition, Exercise Physiology and Sarcopenia Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.
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Alhmly HF, Fielding RA. A Critical Review of Current Worldwide Definitions of Sarcopenia. Calcif Tissue Int 2024; 114:74-81. [PMID: 38043100 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-023-01163-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
With the increasing number of elderly individuals worldwide, the prevalence of age-related loss of muscle mass, referred to as sarcopenia, is expected to increase. Sarcopenia is a relatively new recognized syndrome, which is thought to affect 13% individuals worldwide, and the significant efforts made by different groups have advanced our understanding of the diagnosis, treatment, and natural history of this condition. However, the challenge is now to standardize its measurement and diagnosis to facilitate research in this area and a greater understanding of this condition and its management between clinicians and researchers. The Global Leadership Initiative on Sarcopenia (GLIS) is at the forefront of an international effort to produce standardized definition of sarcopenia. Setting a definition for sarcopenia entails several considerations and trade-offs. In this critical review, we have addressed key challenges driving the process of standardizing the definition, while delving into future avenues in sarcopenia research. Establishing a clear consensus on the working definition of sarcopenia is essential not only for advancing research in this field but also for assessing the prognostic implications of diagnosing sarcopenia and determining the most suitable treatment for affected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haya F Alhmly
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, The Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, USA.
- Clinical Nutrition Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Roger A Fielding
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, The Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, USA
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Wood BS, Batchek DJ, Lynch DH, Spangler HB, Gross DC, Petersen CL, Batsis JA. Impact of EASO/ESPEN-Defined Sarcopenic Obesity Following a Technology-Based Weight Loss Intervention. Calcif Tissue Int 2024; 114:60-73. [PMID: 37758867 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-023-01138-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenic Obesity is the co-existence of increased adipose tissue (obesity) and decreased muscle mass or strength (sarcopenia) and is associated with worse outcomes than obesity alone. The new EASO/ESPEN consensus provides a framework to standardize its definition. This study sought to evaluate whether there are preliminary differences observed in weight loss or physical function in older adults with and without sarcopenic obesity taking part in a multicomponent weight loss intervention using these new definitions. METHODS A 6-month, non-randomized, non-blinded, single-arm pilot study was conducted from 2018 to 2020 in adults ≥ 65 years with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2. Weekly dietitian visits and twice-weekly physical therapist-led exercise classes were delivered using telemedicine. We conducted a secondary retrospective analysis of the parent study (n = 53 enrolled, n = 44 completers) that investigated the feasibility of a technology-based weight management intervention in rural older adults with obesity. Herein, we applied five definitions of sarcopenic obesity (outlined in the consensus) to ascertain whether the response to the intervention differed among those with and without sarcopenic obesity. Primary outcomes evaluated included weight loss and physical function (30-s sit-to-stand). RESULTS In the parent study, mean weight loss was - 4.6 kg (95% CI - 3.6, - 5.6; p < 0.001). Physical function measures of 30-s sit-to-stand showed a mean increase of 3.1 in sit-to-stand repetitions (+ 1.9, + 4.3; p < 0.001). In this current analysis, there was a significant decrease in weight and an increase in repetitions between baseline and follow-up within each group of individuals with and without sarcopenia for each of the proposed definitions. However, we did not observe any significant differences in the changes between groups from baseline to follow-up. CONCLUSIONS The potential lack of significant differences in weight loss or physical function between older adults with and without sarcopenic obesity participating in a weight loss intervention may suggest that well-designed, multicomponent interventions can lead to similar outcomes irrespective of sarcopenia status in persons with obesity. Fully powered randomized clinical trials are critically needed to confirm these preliminary results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian S Wood
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Dakota J Batchek
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 5017 Old Clinic Building, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - David H Lynch
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Hillary B Spangler
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Danae C Gross
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 5017 Old Clinic Building, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Curtis L Petersen
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - John A Batsis
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 5017 Old Clinic Building, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
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Lee A, McArthur C, Ioannidis G, Duque G, Adachi JD, Griffith LE, Thabane L, Papaioannou A. Associations between Osteosarcopenia and Falls, Fractures, and Frailty in Older Adults: Results From the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA). J Am Med Dir Assoc 2024; 25:167-176.e6. [PMID: 37925161 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2023.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore if older adults with osteosarcopenia are at a greater risk of falls, fractures, frailty, and worsening life satisfaction and activities of daily living (ADL) compared to those with normal bone mineral density (BMD) and without sarcopenia. DESIGN The baseline and 3-year follow-up of a longitudinal study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Community-dwelling people aged 65 years or older in Canada. METHODS Caucasian participants 65 years or older that completed the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA) 2015 baseline interview, physical measurements and 3-year follow-up were included. Osteopenia/osteoporosis was defined as BMD T score below -1 SD according to the World Health Organization, and sarcopenia was defined as low grip strength and/or low gait speed according to the Sarcopenia Definition Outcomes Consortium. Osteosarcopenia was defined as the coexistence of osteopenia/osteoporosis and sarcopenia. Self-reported incident falls and fractures in the last 12 months before the 3-year follow-up were measured. Frailty was assessed through the Rockwood Frailty Index (FI); life satisfaction through the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS); and ADL through the Older American Resources and Services modules. Multivariable logistic and linear regression, including subgroup analyses by sex, were conducted. RESULTS The sample of 8888 participants (49.1% females) had a mean age (SD) of 72.7 (5.6) years. At baseline, neither osteopenia/osteoporosis nor sarcopenia (reference group) was present in 30.1%, sarcopenia only in 18.4%, osteopenia/osteoporosis only in 29.2%, and osteosarcopenia in 22.3%. Osteosarcopenia was significantly associated with incident falls and fractures in males [adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 1.90, 95% CI 1.15, 3.14, and aOR 2.60, 95% CI 1.14, 5.91, respectively] compared to males without osteopenia/osteoporosis or sarcopenia. Participants with osteosarcopenia had worsening ADL of 0.110 (estimated β coefficient 0.110, 95% CI 0.029, 0.192) and a decrease in their SWLS by 0.660 (estimated β coefficient -0.660, 95% CI -1.133, -0.187), compared to those without. Osteosarcopenia was not associated with frailty for both males and females. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Osteosarcopenia was associated with self-reported incident falls and fractures in males and worse life satisfaction and ADL for all participants. Assessing and identifying osteosarcopenia is essential for preventing falls and fractures. Furthermore, it improves life satisfaction and ADL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahreum Lee
- Geras Centre for Aging Research, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Caitlin McArthur
- School of Physiotherapy, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - George Ioannidis
- Geras Centre for Aging Research, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gustavo Duque
- Joseph Kaufmann Chair in Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Research Institute of the McGill university Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jonathan D Adachi
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lauren E Griffith
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; McMaster Institute for Research on Aging, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lehana Thabane
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Biostatistics Unit, St Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexandra Papaioannou
- Geras Centre for Aging Research, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
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Tam K, Wong-Pack M, Liu T, Adachi J, Lau A, Ma J, Papaioannou A, Rodrigues IB. Risk Factors and Clinical Outcomes Associated With Sarcopenia in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Clin Rheumatol 2024; 30:18-25. [PMID: 37092889 DOI: 10.1097/rhu.0000000000001980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Sarcopenia is underrecognized in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Risk factors of sarcopenia and its impact on outcomes in RA patients are relatively unknown. We conducted a systematic review to identify factors and outcomes associated with sarcopenia in RA. We conducted this review according to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) 2020 guidelines. We searched PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and Web of Science databases by combining the following search concepts: (1) RA and (2) sarcopenia. Articles were included if they included RA patients, assessed for sarcopenia using a consensus working group definition, and assessed for clinical outcomes. Meta-analysis was performed using studies that shared the same sarcopenia definition and consistency in reporting patient or disease variables. Our search identified 3602 articles. After removal of duplicates, title and abstract screen, and full-text review, 16 articles were included for final analysis. All studies had observational study designs. The pooled prevalence of sarcopenia ranged from 24% to 30%, depending on the criteria for sarcopenia used. Factors associated with sarcopenia included higher 28-joint Disease Activity Scale scores (+0.39; 95% confidence interval, +0.02 to +0.77) and baseline methotrexate use (odds ratio, 0.70; 95% confidence interval, 0.51-0.97). Baseline glucocorticoid use had a positive correlation with sarcopenia in multiple studies. Several studies found lower bone mineral density and higher incidence of falls and fractures in patients with sarcopenia. Sarcopenia is prevalent in RA, and it may be associated with higher RA disease activity, lower bone mineral density, and increased falls and fractures. Therefore, early screening of sarcopenia in RA patients is important to incorporate into clinical rheumatology practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith Tam
- From the Department of Rheumatology, McMaster University, Hamilton
| | | | | | | | | | - Jinhui Ma
- GERAS Centre for Aging Research, Hamilton Health Sciences
| | | | - Isabel B Rodrigues
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Lin S, Zhang C, Chen C, Fan Y, Yang F. Exploring the causal relationship between inflammatory bowel disease and sarcopenia-related traits: a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 16:799-819. [PMID: 38165807 PMCID: PMC10817405 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Previous observational studies have shown an association between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and sarcopenia. However, the causal relationship between IBD (including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease) and sarcopenia remains unclear. Thus, this study investigated whether genetically predicted IBD play a function in the occurrence of sarcopenia using Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. This study used independent single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) significantly associated with IBD as instrument variables (IVs). Sarcopenia-related components (hand grip strength, walking space, and appendicular lean mass (ALM)) were investigated as outcome factors, with summary-level data regarding these components of sarcopenia obtained from the UK Biobank. The IVW-MR analysis revealed that there were significant negative associations between IBD and hand grip strength (both left and right) as well as ALM. Besides, the results of IVW-MR analysis provided strong evidence of a causal relationship between genetically predicted Crohn's disease and hand grip strength and ALM. However, there were no significant associations found between ulcerative colitis and sarcopenia-related traits. Sensitivity tests confirmed the accuracy and robustness of the above MR analysis. Conclusions: Our MR analysis showed the causal effect of Crohn's disease on hand grip strength and ALM. This suggests that Crohn's disease may be a potential risk factor for sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangjin Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Chaobao Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Cong Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yongqian Fan
- Department of Orthopedics, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Fengjian Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
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48
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Papadopetraki A, Giannopoulos A, Maridaki M, Zagouri F, Droufakou S, Koutsilieris M, Philippou A. The Role of Exercise in Cancer-Related Sarcopenia and Sarcopenic Obesity. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5856. [PMID: 38136400 PMCID: PMC10741686 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15245856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most common adverse effects of cancer and its therapeutic strategies is sarcopenia, a condition which is characterised by excess muscle wasting and muscle strength loss due to the disrupted muscle homeostasis. Moreover, cancer-related sarcopenia may be combined with the increased deposition of fat mass, a syndrome called cancer-associated sarcopenic obesity. Both clinical conditions have significant clinical importance and can predict disease progression and survival. A growing body of evidence supports the claim that physical exercise is a safe and effective complementary therapy for oncology patients which can limit the cancer- and its treatment-related muscle catabolism and promote the maintenance of muscle mass. Moreover, even after the onset of sarcopenia, exercise interventions can counterbalance the muscle mass loss and improve the clinical appearance and quality of life of cancer patients. The aim of this narrative review was to describe the various pathophysiological mechanisms, such as protein synthesis, mitochondrial function, inflammatory response, and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, which are regulated by exercise and contribute to the management of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity. Moreover, myokines, factors produced by and released from exercising muscles, are being discussed as they appear to play an important role in mediating the beneficial effects of exercise against sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Argyro Papadopetraki
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece; (A.P.)
| | - Antonios Giannopoulos
- Section of Sports Medicine, Department of Community Medicine & Rehabilitation, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden;
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine (NCSEM), School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Maria Maridaki
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 172 37 Dafne, Greece
| | - Flora Zagouri
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 28 Athens, Greece
| | | | - Michael Koutsilieris
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece; (A.P.)
| | - Anastassios Philippou
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece; (A.P.)
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49
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Geirsdóttir ÓG, Pajari AM. Protein - a scoping review for Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023. Food Nutr Res 2023; 67:10261. [PMID: 38187790 PMCID: PMC10770649 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v67.10261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Proteins are needed for providing essential amino acids, nitrogen, and fuel for the body's needs in all age groups. Proteins are especially required during active growth in pregnancy, lactation, childhood, and tissue growth in general. An adequate protein intake is needed in old adults to avoid premature muscle loss. According to the current dietary surveys, protein intake in the Nordic and Baltic countries varies from 15 to 19% of the total energy intake in adults. Comprehensive data regarding children and older adults are lacking. No good measure for protein status exists, and the estimation of physiological requirements is based on N-balance studies having some weaknesses. Protein quality is assessed by considering the protein digestibility of individual indispensable amino acids and their utilization (bioavailability), which is affected by food antinutrients and processing. The evidence regarding the association of protein intake per se with health outcomes is limited or suggestive. It is difficult to separate from the effect of other nutrients or ingredients in protein-rich foods. Proteins are widespread in foods, deriving from both animal and plant sources. Animal-sourced protein production puts more strain on the environment than plant-sourced proteins and contributes significantly to greenhouse gas emissions, thereby enhancing climate change. In Nordic and Baltic countries, consumption of animal-sourced proteins is relatively high. A shift toward more plant-based protein diets would be advisable for promoting a healthy and sustainable diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ólöf Guðný Geirsdóttir
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Health Science, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Anne-Maria Pajari
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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50
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Zanker J, Scott D, Szoeke C, Vogrin S, Patel S, Blackwell T, Bird S, Kirk B, Center J, Alajlouni DA, Gill T, Jones G, Pasco JA, Waters DL, Cawthon PM, Duque G. Predicting Slow Walking Speed From a Pooled Cohort Analysis: Sarcopenia Definitions, Agreement, and Prevalence in Australia and New Zealand. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2023; 78:2415-2425. [PMID: 37428864 PMCID: PMC10692428 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glad165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent operational definitions of sarcopenia have not been replicated and compared in Australia and New Zealand (ANZ) populations. We aimed to identify sarcopenia measures that discriminate ANZ adults with slow walking speed (<0.8 m/s) and determine the agreement between the Sarcopenia Definitions and Outcomes Consortium (SDOC) and revised European Working Group for Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP2) operational definitions of sarcopenia. METHODS Eight studies comprising 8 100 ANZ community-dwelling adults (mean age ± standard deviation, 62.0 ± 14.4 years) with walking speed, grip strength (GR), and lean mass data were combined. Replicating the SDOC methodology, 15 candidate variables were included in sex-stratified classification and regression tree models and receiver operating characteristic curves on a pooled cohort with complete data to identify variables and cut points discriminating slow walking speed (<0.8 m/s). Agreement and prevalence estimates were compared using Cohen's Kappa (CK). RESULTS Receiver operating characteristic curves identified GR as the strongest variable for discriminating slow from normal walking speed in women (GR <20.50 kg, area under curve [AUC] = 0.68) and men (GR <31.05 kg, AUC = 0.64). Near-perfect agreement was found between the derived ANZ cut points and SDOC cut points (CK 0.8-1.0). Sarcopenia prevalence ranged from 1.5% (EWGSOP2) to 37.2% (SDOC) in women and 1.0% (EWGSOP2) to 9.1% (SDOC) in men, with no agreement (CK <0.2) between EWGSOP2 and SDOC. CONCLUSIONS Grip strength is the primary discriminating characteristic for slow walking speed in ANZ women and men, consistent with findings from the SDOC. Sarcopenia Definitions and Outcomes Consortium and EWGSOP2 definitions showed no agreement suggesting these proposed definitions measure different characteristics and identify people with sarcopenia differently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse Zanker
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St. Albans, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Western Health, The University of Melbourne, St. Albans, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Scott
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cassandra Szoeke
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sara Vogrin
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St. Albans, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Western Health, The University of Melbourne, St. Albans, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sheena Patel
- Research Institute, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Terri Blackwell
- Research Institute, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Stefanie Bird
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St. Albans, Victoria, Australia
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ben Kirk
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St. Albans, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Western Health, The University of Melbourne, St. Albans, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jacqueline Center
- Skeletal Diseases Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Dima A Alajlouni
- Skeletal Diseases Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tiffany Gill
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Graeme Jones
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Julie A Pasco
- Department of Medicine, Western Health, The University of Melbourne, St. Albans, Victoria, Australia
- IMPACT-Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Barwon HealthDeakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Debra L Waters
- Department of Medicine, School of Physical Education, Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Department of Internal Medicine/Geriatrics, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Peggy M Cawthon
- Research Institute, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Gustavo Duque
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St. Albans, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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