Association between workplace bullying and nurses' professional quality of life: The mediating role of resilience

Personal and work-related factors associated with nurse resilience: An updated systematic review using meta-analysis and narrative synthesis

BACKGROUND

Nursing shortages and increased workforce turnover have significantly increased nurses' workloads, thus increasing the risk of burnout and stress, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. A systematic review published in 2019 suggested that resilience could act as a buffer to adversity; however, the factors associated with resilience during and after this global pandemic have not been identified.

OBJECTIVES

To identify personal and work-related factors associated with nurse resilience, including the period during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.

DESIGN

Systematic review.

DATA SOURCES

The search was conducted between January and February 2024 in the following databases: CINAHL Plus, MEDLINE (Ovid), PsycINFO, EMBASE, and Scopus, using the key terms 'resilience', 'hardiness', 'work', 'employ', 'occupation', 'job', and 'nursing'.

REVIEW METHODS

Quantitative studies with English full text, published between 2018 and 2024, were selected if they assessed resilience and its associated factors among nurses providing direct patient care. Two authors independently completed the data selection process. Studies with quality assessment grades of 3 or above were included for final analysis. A meta-analysis was utilised for the mean resilience levels from studies using the same measures of resilience, and a narrative synthesis was performed for the demographic and work-related factors.

RESULTS

Fifty-nine cross-sectional studies with a quality assessment score of 3 or above were included. Forty-seven studies were included in a meta-analysis, which reported an estimated mean resilience level of 20.69 using a random-effects model (95 % CI [18.53, 22.85], z = 18.79, p < 0.0001, I2 = 95.1 %). Twenty studies with the Connor Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC)-25 and five with the CD-RISC-10 were meta-analysed for the mean resilience levels of 62.85 (95 % CI: [55.60, 70.10], z = 16.97, p < 0.0001, I2 = 31.70 %) and 26.34 (95 % CI: [20.85, 31.83], p < 0.0001, I2 = 0 %), respectively. A low mean resilience level was identified. Sixteen demographic factors were identified as associated with resilience. Twenty job demand factors negatively associated with resilience were determined and categorised into exhaustion, psychological factors, and work challenges. Thirty-two job resource factors positively related to resilience were identified and classified into the following categories: psychological factors, leadership, work performance, well-being and quality of life, and social and organisational support.

CONCLUSIONS

Understanding the job demand and resource factors can help organisations minimise the risks and develop institutional strategies to protect nurses from the negative impact of COVID-19 or future pandemics on nurses' well-being.

Resilience as mediator and moderator in witnessing workplace bullying and professional identity

AIM

This study was aimed to examine the relationship among witnessing workplace bullying, resilience, and professional identity in student nurses, and to investigate the mediating and moderating effects of resilience on the relationship between witnessing workplace bullying and professional identity.

BACKGROUND

Workplace bullying is an increasingly serious problem in nursing practice and can affect the professional identity of student nurses. Resilience, a potential protective role, must be examined in relation to witnessing workplace bullying and professional identity.

METHOD

Cross-sectional design and secondary data analysis were conducted. 127 junior and senior nursing students in eight colleges and universities were recruited.

RESULTS

A significant positive correlation was found between resilience and professional identity (r = 0.51, p < 0.001). However, the mediating and moderating effects of resilience were not significant.

CONCLUSION

Resilience is a crucial factor in promoting professional identity among nursing students. However, further research investigating witnessing workplace bullying, resilience, and professional identity is required.

Relationship Between Perceived Psychological Empowerment, Clinical Leadership, and Quality of Work Life Among Chinese Nurses: A Correlational Study

Aim: To investigate the current state of work-related quality of life among Chinese nurses and to explore the mediating effect of clinical leadership between psychological empowerment and quality of work life. Background: The quality of work-life significantly affects nursing team stability and the provision of high-quality care. Psychological empowerment and clinical leadership are considered influential factors in nurses' work-life quality. However, there is a lack of large-scale studies investigating the relationships between these variables. Methods: This nationwide cross-sectional study utilized a multistage stratified proportional sampling approach to select 2633 registered nurses with more than one year of work experience from 17 tertiary general hospitals in China. The data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, Pearson correlation analysis, and structural equation modeling. Results: The quality of work-life score for nurses was 3.38 ± 0.67. Positive correlations were observed between clinical leadership and quality of work life (r = 0.470, p < 0.01). Psychological empowerment was also positively associated with quality of work life (r = 0.570, p < 0.01). The structural equation model revealed that psychological empowerment had a positive direct effect on the quality of work life (β = 0.587, p < 0.001), with clinical leadership playing an intermediary role, accounting for 8.42% of the total effect. Conclusion: Nurses' psychological empowerment was positively associated with the quality of work life and was partially mediated by clinical leadership. These results suggest that psychological empowerment and clinical leadership are key facilitators improving nurses' work-life quality. Implications for Nursing Management: Hospital managers should further raise awareness of empowerment among nurse managers, implement scientifically sound empowerment and clinical leadership programs for nurses, enhance nurses' clinical leadership skills, and promote the quality of nurses' work-life.

Factors influencing quality of professional life and perceived bullying among medical residents in Iran

OBJECTIVES

During residency training, medical doctors, face significant challenges that can impact their quality of professional life, their performance, and the care they provide. The current study aimed to examine factors affecting the quality of professional life and their perception of bullying.

DESIGN/ PARTICIPANTS

This was a cross-sectional study with 231 medical residents.

SETTING

Educational hospitals affiliated with Iran University of Medical Sciences in Tehran, Iran.

METHODS

Participants completed a questionnaire that included demographic data, the Negative Act Questionnaire-Revised (NAQ-R), and the Professional Quality of Life Scale (ProQol-5). The study included 231 medical residents from medical university-affiliated hospitals.

RESULTS

Bullying had a significant negative effect on the quality of professional life (B = -1.173, p < 0.001), while satisfaction with income positively affected it (B = 2.111, p = 0.016). Gender, marital status, feeling respected, age, shift hours, residency year, and medical-surgical department were not significant predictors. Longer shift hours per week (B = 0.306, p = 0.044) and more experienced residents (B = -1.376, p = 0.010) were associated with higher and lower bullying perceptions, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

The study highlights the significant negative impact of bullying on the quality of professional life among medical residents. Suitable interventions should be considered to reduce this impact. Potential interventions could include implementing comprehensive training programs focused on emotional intelligence and communication skills, establishing clear reporting mechanisms for bullying incidents, and fostering a supportive workplace culture prioritizing respect and collaboration among healthcare professionals.

Occupational Burnout and Insomnia in Relation to Psychological Resilience Among Greek Nurses in the Post-Pandemic Era

Recent studies indicate that nurses experienced high levels of occupational burnout and insomnia during and after the pandemic and highlight resilience as a crucial competence for overcoming adversity. The aim of this study was to assess occupational burnout, insomnia, and psychological resilience and to explore their interrelations among Greek nurses 14 months after the official ending of the pandemic which was declared in May 2023. The study was conducted online in July 2024 and included 380 nurses currently working in Greek hospitals, who completed the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI), the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS), and the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS). Overall, 56.1% of the nurses exhibited insomnia symptoms and 46.8% displayed signs of occupational burnout. Low resilience scores were observed in 26.3%. Multiple regression analysis indicated that CBI explained 34.4% of the variance in the AIS scores, while an additional 3% was explained by the BRS. Mediation analysis revealed that resilience operates protectively as a negative mediator in the relationship between burnout and insomnia. In conclusion, one year after the end of the pandemic the levels of occupational burnout and insomnia among nurses remain high, whereas psychological resilience seems to be retained at moderate levels. Consequently, there is an urgent need to regularly monitor for risk of burnout and insomnia and to implement resilience-building strategies for nurses to combat burnout and improve insomnia symptoms.

The impact of workplace bullying on depression among clinical nurses in China: A comparative analysis

The objective of this study is to examine the phenomenon of workplace bullying and its potential associations with burnout and depression among clinical nurses in China. A convenience sampling method was utilized to conduct a survey among 415 clinical nurses across 9 hospitals. All questionnaires were completed within a 2-week period in October 2023. The survey questionnaire comprised 3 sections, namely basic information, negative acts questionnaire (NAQ), and self-rating depression scale (SDS). Based on their depression status, the participants were categorized into 2 groups, namely depression group and control group. A comparative analysis of the basic data and NAQ was performed between 2 groups, and factors exhibiting statistically significant differences in the single factor analysis were subjected to binary logistic regression analysis. Additionally, Pearson correlation analysis was utilized to examine the correlations among the variables. Ninety-four individuals were included in depression group, accounting for 22.65% of the total sample, with a mean SDS of 44.7 ± 5.5. The control group consisted of 321 participants, representing 77.35% of the total, with a mean SDS of 24.8 ± 9.0. No statistically significant differences were observed between 2 groups regarding gender, monthly income, education level, night duty, body mass index, working hospital, department, employment status, only child status, local residency, and number of children. The age, length of services, professional title, marital status, and NAQ of depression group and control group were compared, and the difference was found to be statistically significant (P < .05). The findings from the binary logistic regression analysis indicated that both length of service and NAQ emerged as significant independent predictors of nurses' depression. Furthermore, the results of the Pearson correlation analysis demonstrated a positive association between the depression levels of clinical nurses and NAQ. The duration of employment and NAQ of clinical nurses were independent factors influencing depression. A positive correlation was found between depression and NAQ. It is evident that workplace bullying has a detrimental impact on the mental well-being of clinical nurses. To address this issue, hospital administrators are advised to implement regular psychological clinics for clinical nurses and offer targeted educational programs aimed at increasing awareness of workplace bullying and enhancing coping strategies.

Relationship between nurses' resilience and quality of professional life

AIM

This study aimed to investigate the correlation between the resilience levels of nurses and qualit of their professional life.

BACKGROUND

Nurses' resilience level can affect their professional qualityof life. A higher resilience level enables them to manage stress and overcome challanges more effectively leading to enhanced patient care and satisfaction. Coversly, lower resiliance can lead to burnout, negatievly impacting both the nurses' wellbeing and the quality of service delivered to patients.

INTRODUCTION

It is crucial to understand the correlation between the professional life quality and resilience of nurses working in difficult conditions.

METHODS

This correlational study was conducted between September 2021 and February 2022. A total of 276 nurses were included in the study. Data were collected using the Demographic Data Form consisting of sociodemographic characteristics, the Professional Quality-of-Life Scale, and the Resilience Scale for Adults.

RESULTS

The resilience score was above average, and the professional quality of life was high. Compassion satisfaction and compassion fatigue, which are components of professional quality of life, were moderate, and the burnout level was low. A robust positive correlation was observed between resilience and the professional quality of life. The linear regression model showed that choosing the profession unwillingly, dissatisfaction with the unit in which one works, and the level of psychological resilience are independent factors of professional quality of life.

CONCLUSION

According to the findings, high psychological resilience increases the quality of professional life. Resilience, choosing nursing willingly, and liking the unit in which one works are determinants of professional quality of life.

IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING POLICY

Enhancing the professional quality of life of nurses has important individual, institutional, and social consequences. Enhancing resilience has the potential to elevate the quality of professional life. Hence, it is important to develop national and international policies and models. Additionally, managers bear significant responsibilities in ensuring a positive work environment. Undoubtedly, having nurses work in units they like, feel happy in, and prefer will increase their professional quality of life and make positive contributions to patient care, the institution, and society.

Occupational Risk Factors for Burnout Syndrome Among Healthcare Professionals: A Global Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Health professionals are disproportionately affected by burnout compared to other occupational groups. This study aims to systematically review and meta-analyze thirteen occupational risk factors related to burnout syndrome among health professionals globally. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in August 2023. The protocol was registered in The International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO), registration number CRD42023396081. Using a random-effects model, this meta-analysis assessed the association between occupational risk factors and burnout, reporting odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The meta-analysis included 109 studies from diverse global locations. Key factors influencing burnout included workplace bullying, job stress, and poor communication, with protective factors such as supportive work environments, adequate staffing, and individual resilience. All risk factors examined showed a significant positive relationship with burnout incidence. Workplace bullying was strongly associated with increased burnout (OR 4.05-15.01, p < 0.001). Similarly, low job satisfaction and high job stress were strongly associated with burnout, with ORs of 5.05 (95% CI 3.88-6.56, p < 0.001) and 4.21 (95% CI 1.62-10.94, p = 0.003), respectively. The review findings highlight the importance of addressing these risk factors through enhanced supportive work environments and promoting personal resilience strategies.

High stress during clinical practicum placement is associated with bullying among nursing students: A mixed-method study

BACKGROUND

Nursing students are often subjected to bullying during their clinical practices, but few study has examined associations of bullying with psychological status among these groups, and how they cope with the bullying.

OBJECTIVES

This study aimed to evaluate the experience and psychological status of clinical placement setting bullying among nursing students attending clinical practices, and explore students' coping strategies when bullied.

DESIGN

A mixed methods.

SETTINGS

Six tertiary hospitals in Northwest China.

PARTICIPANTS

A total of 687 nursing students completed the questionnaire survey, of which 18 nursing students participated in the qualitative interview.

METHODS

A two-phase hybrid study was produced. During first phase, data were collected by using the Bullying Behavior Scale in Nursing Education (BNEQ) and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21). Subsequently, those who have experienced bullying in the workplace were invited to participate in a face-to-face interview (second phase) which focused on exploring students' deeper insights.

RESULTS

Of the 687 students involved, 72.19 % had experienced various types of bullying. Of them, 92.11 % experienced implicit violence. Those with higher education levels and from rural were more likely to experience bullying. Students were prone to greater psychological stress when exposed to bullying. "Pretending not to see" (33.16 %), "reporting to superiors" (30.10 %), and "doing nothing" were the most common ways students responded. Four themes were obtained from the qualitative interviews: (a) impaired self-esteem; (b) career rejection; (c) psychological stress; and (d) the decline of humanistic care.

CONCLUSION

Our findings suggest that senior nursing students experience multiple types of bullying during the clinical practices, leading to a high level of psychological stress, which further effect students' professional approval and self-esteem. To prevent such incidents, we need to call on university and hospitals' support to help students successfully cope with bullying.

Consequences of Workplace Bullying From Nurses' Perspectives: A Qualitative Descriptive Study in Iran

AIM

The aim of this study is to explore Iranian nurses' experiences regarding the consequences of bullying.

DESIGN

A qualitative descriptive study is carried out using conventional content analysis and Granheim and Lundman's method.

METHODS

Data for this study were collected through 12 in-depth, semi-structured individual interviews with nurses employed at a teaching hospital in REDACTED, western Iran. Purposeful sampling was employed until data saturation was achieved. Data management was conducted using MAXQDA software.

RESULTS

The participants consisted of 12 nurses, with a mean age of 36.1 ± 8.6 years. Their experiences of workplace bullying were analysed and categorised into a main theme called 'Consequences of Workplace Bullying', with two categories identified as 'Organisational Consequences' and 'Individual Consequences'. The organisational consequences were further elaborated through two subcategories: 'work performance consequences' and 'patient care consequences'. The individual consequences category included subcategories including 'psychosomatic consequences', 'psychological consequences' and 'family consequences'.

CONCLUSION

Workplace bullying among nurses can have negative impacts on patients, nurses and organisations. In order to mitigate these effects, nurse managers can take proactive measures by implementing management strategies and fostering a positive work culture. By addressing the underlying factors and promoting a supportive environment, the adverse consequences of workplace bullying can be reduced or prevented.

PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION

Yes.

Risk perception and quality of working life of nurses in infectious disease department in China: The chain-mediating effects of psychological resilience and social support

AIM

To determine whether social support and psychological resiliency are significant mediators of the associations between risk perception and quality of working life in Chinese nurses working with infectious diseases.

DESIGN

A cross-sectional study.

METHODS

A cross-sectional survey of 879 nurses in infectious diseases department of specialty or general hospitals in China completed online questionnaires on the nurses' risk perception questionnaire, quality of working life, psychological resilience and the social support rating scale.

RESULTS

Our study observed that risk perception directly negatively influences the quality of working life of infectious disease nurses, while psychological resilience and social support positively chain mediate this relationship.

CONCLUSION

Critical elements impacting the quality of working life of infectious disease nurses are risk perception, psychological resilience and social support. Managers may think about decreasing the level of risk perception and enhancing the quality of working life of infectious disease nurses by enhancing their psychological resilience and providing support.

PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION

The quality of working life of infectious disease nurses should be a priority for nursing management; it is critical to maintain their health and well-being, raise the quality of care and lower turnover. Managers should create resilience-building programmes and support tools to assist nurses properly perceive risks and adopt protective strategies to deal with them to improve the quality of working life for nurses.

Bullying against Healthcare Professionals and Coping Strategies: A Scoping Review

Violence against healthcare professionals is an event that further burdens the daily lives of those who try every day to care for and assist those who need it most. In an attempt to overcome these events, there are coping strategies that can be used to reduce the stress caused. Therefore, this study aims to analyse the phenomenon of violence against healthcare professionals and the relationship between the bullying suffered by these professionals and the coping strategies they developed to overcome these moments. To this end, a scoping review was conducted in which eight articles were selected for final analysis from a total of 276 articles found in three electronic databases (EBSCO, PubMed, and Web of Science). This review concludes that the most common workplace bullying behaviours include excessive workloads, humiliation and ridicule, impossible deadlines, and verbal attacks. Professionals reported negative impacts, such as helplessness, depression, stress, insomnia, and the desire to change jobs. Victims of workplace bullying often expressed their intention to leave their current job or even abandon the profession. Problem-focused coping strategies are the most used. The studies indicated that workplace bullying negatively affects professionals in physical and mental terms, as well as in terms of quality of life at work, requiring more research and adoption of preventive measures to identify and combat the problem.

Impact of Workplace Bullying on Quiet Quitting in Nurses: The Mediating Effect of Coping Strategies

Workplace bullying is common among nurses and negatively affects several work-related variables, such as job burnout and job satisfaction. However, no study until now has examined the impact of workplace bullying on quiet quitting among nurses. Thus, our aim was to examine the direct effect of workplace bullying on quiet quitting and to investigate the mediating effect of coping strategies on the relationship between workplace bullying and quiet quitting in nurses. We conducted a cross-sectional study with a convenience sample of 650 nurses in Greece. We collected our data in February 2024. We used the Negative Acts Questionnaire-Revised, the Quiet Quitting Scale, and the Brief COPE to measure workplace bullying, quiet quitting, and coping strategies, respectively. We found that workplace bullying and negative coping strategies were positive predictors of quiet quitting, while positive coping strategies were negative predictors of quiet quitting. Our mediation analysis showed that positive and negative coping strategies partially mediated the relationship between workplace bullying and quiet quitting. In particular, positive coping strategies caused competitive mediation, while negative coping strategies caused complimentary mediation. Nurses' managers and policy makers should improve working conditions by reducing workplace bullying and strengthening positive coping strategies among nurses.

Association between Workplace Bullying, Job Stress, and Professional Quality of Life in Nurses: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Workplace bullying affects workers' lives, causing several mental and physical health problems and job-related issues. Therefore, a summary of the evidence on the consequences of workplace bullying on workers' lives is essential to improve working conditions. The literature lacks systematic reviews and meta-analyses on the association between workplace bullying and job stress and the professional quality of life of nurses. Thus, we aimed to quantitatively summarize the data on the association between workplace bullying, job stress, and professional quality of life. We performed our study in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines. The review protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42024495948). We searched PubMed, Medline, Scopus, Cinahl, and Web of Science up to 4 January 2024. We calculated pooled correlation coefficients and 95% confidence intervals [CI]. We identified nine studies with a total of 3730 nurses. We found a moderate positive correlation between workplace bullying and job stress (pooled correlation coefficient = 0.34, 95% CI = 0.29 to 0.39). Moreover, a small negative correlation between workplace bullying and compassion satisfaction (pooled correlation coefficient = -0.28, 95% CI = -0.41 to -0.15) was identified. Additionally, our findings suggested a moderate positive correlation between workplace bullying and job burnout (pooled correlation coefficient = 0.43, 95% CI = 0.32 to 0.53) and secondary traumatic stress (pooled correlation coefficient = 0.36, 95% CI = 0.11 to 0.57). Our findings can help nursing managers and policy-makers to draw attention to workplace bullying by implementing effective interventions, so as to reduce the bullying of nurses.

A cross-sectional survey on the relationship between workplace psychological violence and empathy among Chinese nurses: the mediation role of resilience

BACKGROUND

Workplace violence is one of the most serious public health issues worldwide in healthcare occupations, nurse is a profession which faces the greatest risk of exposure to workplace violence among healthcare occupations.

OBJECTIVE

The present study aimed to explore the relationship between workplace psychological violence and empathy among Chinese nurses, and further examine the mediation role of resilience in this relationship.

METHOD

A cross-sectional survey was conducted among a convenience sample of clinical registered nurses in Xinjiang China from 29 September 2023 to 19 October 2023.The online questionnaire, contained the general information form, the Workplace Psychologically Violent Behaviors Instrument, the Jefferson Scale of Empathy-Healthcare Professionals Version, and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, was used to collect data. The IBM SPSS statistics software version 22.0 was used to perform data analyses in forms of descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and mediation analysis.

RESULT

This survey recruited a convenience sample of 1613 clinical registered nurses aged 22 to 55 years who come from diverse ethnicities and worked in different departments. A total of 534 nurse experienced psychological violent, which yielded a positive rate of 33.1% for psychological violent among nurses. Pearson analysis reported a negative correlation between psychological violences and empathy (r=-0.724, P < 0.01) as well as a negative correlation between psychological violences and resilience (r=-0.681, P < 0.01). Mediation analysis reported that resilience mediated the negative relationship between psychological violence and empathy, the mediation effect accounted for ab/(ab + c') = 23.40% of the total effect.

CONCLUSION

This study supported an inverse ralationship between psychological violence and empathy among Chinese nurses where resilience acted as a protective factor to mediated the negative impacts of psychological violences on empathy These results directed health policies and clinical interventions to equip nurses with resilience to copy with and recover from workplace psychological violence.

Exploring the relationship between family care, organizational support, and resilience on the professional quality of life among emergency nurses: A cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND

The professional quality of life (ProQOL), encompassing emotional, physical, and psychological well-being, is profoundly influenced by the unique nursing experiences of emergency nurses. Understanding and effectively enhancing their professional well-being are of paramount importance. This study aimed to explore the relationship between family care, organizational support, and resilience with the ProQOL among emergency nurses.

METHODS

This cross-sectional study, conducted between May 1 and June 1, 2023, involved 118 emergency nurses from Hunan Provincial Brain Hospital. Demographic and work-related information were collected. ProQOL, family care, organizational support and resilience were assessed using validated scales. Statistical analysis was conducted to examine the associations between these variables.

RESULTS

Significant differences were observed in the two dimensions of ProQOL (compassion satisfaction and burnout) among emergency nurses with different age, marital status, technical titles, work experience and night shift frequency (P < 0.05). Furthermore, both organizational support and resilience demonstrated a significant positive correlation with compassion satisfaction, while exhibiting a significant negative correlation with burnout (P < 0.05). Additionally, the third dimension of ProQOL (secondary trauma stress) was significantly negatively correlated with resilience (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION

This study elucidates the pivotal role of organizational support and resilience in influencing the professional quality of life among emergency nurses, highlighting the specific needs of younger and less-experienced practitioners. Our findings lay the groundwork for targeted interventions aimed at enhancing the occupational well-being and job satisfaction of nursing staff.

The mediating role of coping styles between nurses' workplace bullying and professional quality of life

AIMS

This study aimed to explore the relationship between workplace bullying among nurses and their professional quality of life, as well as the mediating role of coping styles between the two factors.

BACKGROUND

In China, the overall status of nurses' professional quality of life is not optimistic, and the problems of low compassion satisfaction and high compassion fatigue persist. Workplace bullying, which is a serious global issue, can negatively impact the mental health and professional quality of nurses. However, it has still not attracted enough attention from managers.

METHODS

The study used a cross-sectional research design and surveyed 297 clinical nurses from two tertiary grade A hospitals in Wuhan, China. Data were collected through an online questionnaire survey from March to May 2022. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistical methods, including Pearson correlation analysis and structural equation modeling.

RESULTS

The score for nurses' workplace bullying was 38.72 ± 12.30. The scores for the three dimensions of professional quality of life were 27.56 ± 4.79 for compassion satisfaction, 30.51 ± 4.33 for burnout, and 28.47 ± 4.65 for secondary trauma stress. The scores for positive coping style and negative coping style were 34.59 ± 5.72 and 20.34 ± 5.08 points, respectively. Workplace bullying had a direct negative effect on compassion satisfaction, as well as positive direct effects on burnout and secondary traumatic stress. Coping styles played a mediating effect between workplace bullying and the pairwise relationships of compassion satisfaction, burnout, and secondary trauma stress.

CONCLUSION

Workplace bullying hurts nurses' professional quality of life while coping styles plays an mediating role between workplace bullying and professional quality of life. Nursing managers can improve nurses' professional quality of life by reducing workplace bullying and enhancing positive coping style.

IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT

Nursing managers can employ management wisdom and techniques to mitigate the presence and detrimental effects of workplace bullying. This, in turn, promotes a positive work environment and enhances the professional quality of life for nurses.

Bullied: Exploring the concepts of territorialism and groupthink involvement in workplace bullying

AIMS

To educate nurse managers on territorialism and groupthink as being factors within workplace bullying among nurses within the clinical and academic settings that can psychologically and physically harm affected persons.

DESIGN

Territorialism and groupthink are explored as being factors within workplace bullying used by a bully or bullies to target others for personal gain and power. Workplace bullying has become habitual practice in nursing and nursing academia. Workplace bullying is identified not only as unethical behaviour but also as a dangerous practice that can lead to depression, anxiety, stress, and posttraumatic distress syndrome. Persons affected are subjected to emotional abuse that can lead to isolation, low self-esteem, and self-doubt.

METHODS

Methods by which persons in the workplace can identify bullying that involves territorialism and groupthink are examined. Nurse managers are identified as being instrumental in the identification of workplace bullying involving territorialism and groupthink, and in working with the affected person(s) and bully or bullies to seek mediation through a human resource representative. For nursing managers, it is imperative that workplace bullying is immediately addressed. Workplace bullying creates a hostile and intimidating working environment that affects the physical and mental health of affected persons.

RESULTS

Early identification and resolution of workplace bullying could alleviate the development of physiological and psychological health problems by affected persons. After workplace bullying has been reported, the affected persons should focus on the healing of mind, spirit, and body. New circumstances (e.g., a new place of employment or a promotion) may trigger feelings of anger, intimidation or fear; therefore, it' is important for persons who have experienced bullying in the workplace to understand the abusive environment itself was not directly associated with any wrongdoing by them.

NO PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION

Workplace bullying is disruptive to the workplace and affects productivity, absenteeism from work and turnover intentions. Persons impacted by territorialism and groupthink within the context of workplace bullying can develop psychological and physiological health problems.

Pilot Study Using Cognitive Rehearsal, Simulation, and Biomarker Data to Address Workplace Incivility

BACKGROUND

Workplace incivility poses a threat to patient safety. This intervention pilot study used simulation and biomarker data with newly graduated nurses to explore the impact of incivility on patient care and tested whether cognitive rehearsal could mitigate the effects of workplace incivility.

METHOD

A clinical scenario and script were used by actors to deliver either an uncivil or a hurried but not uncivil handoff report to participants before they conducted a focused patient assessment and administered medications to a standardized patient.

RESULTS

Participants identified gaps in understanding of both handoff reports that resulted in compromised patient care. Quantitative trends showed lower resilience scores and higher stress appraisal scores for participants who received the uncivil handoff report.

CONCLUSION

Although participants expressed confidence using cognitive rehearsal as an intervention before the simulation, responses indicated that a 60-minute session was insufficient to adequately prepare them to effectively address an uncivil nurse encounter. [J Contin Educ Nurs. 2023;54(2):79-88.].

Workplace violence and the risk of post-traumatic stress disorder and burnout among nurses: a systematic review and meta-analysis

AIM

This review examined the association between workplace violence and the risk of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and burnout among nurses.

BACKGROUND

The extent to which workplace violence is associated with an increased risk of PTSD and burnout in nurses remains unclear.

EVALUATION

We searched nine electronic databases (PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Chinese Biomedical, China National Knowledge Internet, and WANFANG).

KEY ISSUES

Overall, 114 full-text studies were identified; 43 met the inclusion criteria, of which 10 were included in the meta-analysis. Compared to their counterparts with non-exposure to workplace violence, nurses experiencing it had 2.13 and 2.25 times higher odds of reporting PTSD and burnout after adjusting the confounding factors. Additionally, the moderator and mediator factors might help reduce the risk of both in this population.

CONCLUSION

This study indicated that workplace violence increases the risk of PTSD and burnout.

IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT

Our review identified the magnitude of the association between exposure to workplace violence and the reported symptoms of PTSD and burnout in nurses. Furthermore, multi-targeted efforts directed at the identified social/organisational, task-related, and individual resources might help mitigate their harmful impact in the aforementioned population.