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Bedini A, Boutin JA, Legros C, Zlotos DP, Spadoni G. Industrial and academic approaches to the search for alternative melatonin receptor ligands: An historical survey. J Pineal Res 2024; 76:e12953. [PMID: 38682544 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
The search for melatonin receptor agonists formed the main part of melatonin medicinal chemistry programs for the last three decades. In this short review, we summarize the two main aspects of these programs: the development of all the necessary tools to characterize the newly synthesized ligands at the two melatonin receptors MT1 and MT2, and the medicinal chemist's approaches to find chemically diverse ligands at these receptors. Both strategies are described. It turns out that the main source of tools were industrial laboratories, while the medicinal chemistry was mainly carried out in academia. Such complete accounts are interesting, as they delineate the spirits in which the teams were working demonstrating their strength and innovative character. Most of the programs were focused on nonselective agonists and few of them reached the market. In contrast, discovery of MT1-selective agonists and melatonergic antagonists with proven in vivo activity and MT1 or MT2-selectivity is still in its infancy, despite the considerable interest that subtype selective compounds may bring in the domain, as the physiological respective roles of the two subtypes of melatonin receptors, is still poorly understood. Poly-pharmacology applications and multitarget ligands have also been considered.
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MESH Headings
- Ligands
- Humans
- Animals
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT2/metabolism
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT2/agonists
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT1/metabolism
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT1/agonists
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Melatonin/metabolism
- Receptors, Melatonin/agonists
- Melatonin/metabolism
- History, 20th Century
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalida Bedini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Jean A Boutin
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrine Endocrine and Germinal Differentiation and Communication (NorDiC), Univ Rouen Normandie, Inserm, NorDiC, Rouen, France
| | | | - Darius P Zlotos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, The German University in Cairo, New Cairo City, Egypt
| | - Gilberto Spadoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
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2
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Hu Y, Lv Y, Long X, Yang G, Zhou J. Melatonin attenuates chronic sleep deprivation-induced cognitive deficits and HDAC3-Bmal1/clock interruption. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14474. [PMID: 37721401 PMCID: PMC10916425 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Sleep is predicted as a key modulator of cognition, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of melatonin on chronic rapid eye movement sleep deprivation (CRSD)-induced cognitive impairment and circadian dysfunction in rat models. METHODS Thirty-six Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided into three groups: CRSD with saline treatment, CRSD with chronic melatonin injection (20 mg/kg/day), and non-sleep-deprived control. The cognitive behavioral tests as well as the expression of clocks and HDAC3 were evaluated in all groups. RESULTS CRSD significantly reduced recognition index in novel object location, increased escape latency and distance traveling in Morris water maze while melatonin treatment attenuated CRSD-induced hippocampal-dependent spatial learning and memory deficits. Furthermore, the mRNAs of brain and muscle aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like 1(Bmal1) and circadian locomotor output cycles kaput (Clock) were globally down-regulated by CRSD with constant intrinsic oscillation in both hippocampus and peripheral blood. The protein levels of hippocampal Bmal1, Clock, and HDAC3 were also remarkably down-regulated following CRSD. Melatonin treatment reversed CRSD-induced alterations of Bmal1/Clock and HDAC3 on both mRNA levels and protein levels. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that melatonin treatment attenuates CRSD-induced cognitive impairment via regulating HDAC3-Bmal1/Clock interaction. These findings explore a broader understanding of the relationship between sleep and cognition and provide a potential new therapeutic target for cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Hu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Department of NeurologyHaikou Affiliated Hospital of Central South University Xiangya School of MedicineHaikouChina
| | - Yefan Lv
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Xiaoyan Long
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Guoshuai Yang
- Department of NeurologyHaikou Affiliated Hospital of Central South University Xiangya School of MedicineHaikouChina
| | - Jinxia Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
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3
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Pissas KP, Schilling M, Korkmaz A, Tian Y, Gründer S. Melatonin alters the excitability of mouse cerebellar granule neurons by inhibiting voltage-gated sodium, potassium, and calcium channels. J Pineal Res 2024; 76:e12919. [PMID: 37794846 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Besides its role in the circadian rhythm, the pineal gland hormone melatonin (MLT) also possesses antiepileptogenic, antineoplastic, and cardioprotective properties, among others. The dosages necessary to elicit beneficial effects in these diseases often far surpass physiological concentrations. Although even high doses of MLT are considered to be largely harmless to humans, the possible side effects of pharmacological concentrations are so far not well investigated. In the present study, we report that pharmacological doses of MLT (3 mM) strongly altered the electrophysiological characteristics of cultured primary mouse cerebellar granule cells (CGCs). Using whole-cell patch clamp and ratiometric Ca2+ imaging, we observed that pharmacological concentrations of MLT inhibited several types of voltage-gated Na+ , K+ , and Ca2+ channels in CGCs independently of known MLT-receptors, altering the character and pattern of elicited action potentials (APs) significantly, quickly and reversibly. Specifically, MLT reduced AP frequency, afterhyperpolarization, and rheobase, whereas AP amplitude and threshold potential remained unchanged. The altered biophysical profile of the cells could constitute a possible mechanism underlying the proposed beneficial effects of MLT in brain-related disorders, such as epilepsy. On the other hand, it suggests potential adverse effects of pharmacological MLT concentrations on neurons, which should be considered when using MLT as a pharmacological compound.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Schilling
- Medical faculty, Institute of Physiology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ahmet Korkmaz
- Medical faculty, Institute of Physiology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Yuemin Tian
- Medical faculty, Institute of Physiology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefan Gründer
- Medical faculty, Institute of Physiology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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4
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Boutin JA, Liberelle M, Yous S, Ferry G, Nepveu F. Melatonin facts: Lack of evidence that melatonin is a radical scavenger in living systems. J Pineal Res 2024; 76:e12926. [PMID: 38146602 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin is a small natural compound, so called a neuro-hormone that is synthesized mainly in pineal gland in animals. Its main role is to master the clock of the body, under the surveillance of light. In other words, it transfers the information concerning night and day to the peripheral organs which, without it, could not "know" which part of the circadian rhythm the body is in. Besides its main circadian and circannual rhythms mastering, melatonin is reported to be a radical scavenger and/or an antioxidant. Because radical scavengers are chemical species able to neutralize highly reactive and toxic species such as reactive oxygen species, one would like to transfer this property to living system, despite impossibilities already largely reported in the literature. In the present commentary, we refresh the memory of the readers with this notion of radical scavenger, and review the possible evidence that melatonin could be an in vivo radical scavenger, while we only marginally discuss here the fact that melatonin is a molecular antioxidant, a feature that merits a review on its own. We conclude four things: (i) the evidence that melatonin is a scavenger in acellular systems is overwhelming and could not be doubted; (ii) the transposition of this property in living (animal) systems is (a) theoretically impossible and (b) not proven in any system reported in the literature where most of the time, the delay of the action of melatonin is over several hours, thus signing a probable induction of cellular enzymatic antioxidant defenses; (iii) this last fact needs a confirmation through the discovery of a nuclear factor-a key relay in induction processes-that binds melatonin and is activated by it and (iv) we also gather the very important description of the radical scavenging capacity of melatonin in acellular systems that is now proven and shared by many other double bond-bearing molecules. We finally discussed briefly on the reason-scientific or else-that led this description, and the consequences of this claim, in research, in physiology, in pathology, but most disturbingly in therapeutics where a vast amount of money, hope, and patient bien-être are at stake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean A Boutin
- Laboratory of Regulatory Peptides, Energy Metabolism and Motivated Behavior, Department of Neuroendocrine, Endocrine and Germinal Differentiation and Communication (NorDiC), Univ Rouen Normandie, Inserm, NorDiC, Rouen, France
| | - Maxime Liberelle
- University of Lille, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition Research Center, U1172, Lille, France
| | - Saïd Yous
- University of Lille, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition Research Center, U1172, Lille, France
| | | | - Françoise Nepveu
- Dpt Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Faculté de santé, PHARMADEV, UMR 152, Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
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5
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Liu B, Fan L, Wang Y, Wang H, Yan Y, Chen S, Hung I, Liu C, Wei H, Ge L, Ren W. Gut microbiota regulates host melatonin production through epithelial cell MyD88. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2313769. [PMID: 38353638 PMCID: PMC10868534 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2313769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Melatonin has various physiological effects, such as the maintenance of circadian rhythms, anti-inflammatory functions, and regulation of intestinal barriers. The regulatory functions of melatonin in gut microbiota remodeling have also been well clarified; however, the role of gut microbiota in regulating host melatonin production remains poorly understood. To address this, we studied the contribution of gut microbiota to host melatonin production using gut microbiota-perturbed models. We demonstrated that antibiotic-treated and germ-free mice possessed diminished melatonin levels in the serum and elevated melatonin levels in the colon. The influence of the intestinal microbiota on host melatonin production was further confirmed by fecal microbiota transplantation. Notably, Lactobacillus reuteri (L. R) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) recapitulated the effects of gut microbiota on host melatonin production. Mechanistically, L. R and E. coli activated the TLR2/4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway to promote expression of arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT, a rate-limiting enzyme for melatonin production), and MyD88 deficiency in colonic epithelial cells abolished the influence of intestinal microbiota on colonic melatonin production. Collectively, we revealed a specific underlying mechanism of gut microbiota to modulate host melatonin production, which might provide novel therapeutic ideas for melatonin-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingnan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Pigs, Chongqing, China
| | - Lijuan Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Pigs, Chongqing, China
| | - Youxia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Pigs, Chongqing, China
| | - Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Pigs, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuqi Yan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ifen Hung
- Anyou Biotechnology Group Co. LTD, Taicang, China
- Joint Laboratory of Functional Nutrition and Animal Health, Centree Bio-tech (Wuhan) Co., LTD, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunxue Liu
- Anyou Biotechnology Group Co. LTD, Taicang, China
| | - Hong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Liangpeng Ge
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Pigs, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Key Laboratory of Pig Industry Science, Ministry of Agriculture, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenkai Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Pigs, Chongqing, China
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Woldańska-Okońska M, Kubsik-Gidlewska A, Koszela K. Changes in Melatonin Concentration in a Clinical Observation Study under the Influence of Low-Frequency Magnetic Fields (Magnetic Stimulation in Men with Low Back Pain)-Results of Changes in an Eight-Point Circadian Profile. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15860. [PMID: 37958842 PMCID: PMC10648269 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the changes in melatonin concentration under the influence of magnetic stimulation in men with low back pain. A total of 15 men were used in this study, divided into two groups. In Group 1, consisting of seven men, the M1P1 Viofor JPS program was used twice a day for 8 min, at 08:00 and 13:00. In Group 2, consisting of eight men, the M2P2 Viofor JPS program was used once a day for 12 min at 10:00. The application was subjected to the whole body of patients. The treatments in both groups lasted 3 weeks, for 5 days each week, with breaks on weekends. The diurnal melatonin profile was determined the day before exposure and the day after the last treatment, as well as at one-month follow-up. Blood samples were collected eight times a day. In both programs, magnetic stimulation did not reduce the nocturnal peak of melatonin concentration. After exposure, prolonged secretion of melatonin was observed until the morning hours. The impact of the magnetic field was maintained 1 month after the end of the application. The effect of the magnetic field was maintained for 1 month from the end of the application, which confirms the thesis about the occurrence of the phenomenon of biological hysteresis. The parameters of the magnetic fields, the application system, and the time and length of the application may affect the secretion of melatonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Woldańska-Okońska
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Medical University, 90-419 Lodz, Poland; (M.W.-O.); (A.K.-G.)
| | - Anna Kubsik-Gidlewska
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Medical University, 90-419 Lodz, Poland; (M.W.-O.); (A.K.-G.)
| | - Kamil Koszela
- Department of Neuroorthopedics and Neurology Clinic and Polyclinic, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, 02-637 Warsaw, Poland
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7
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Farid A, Michael V, Safwat G. Melatonin loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles reduce inflammation, inhibit apoptosis and protect rat's liver from the hazardous effects of CCL4. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16424. [PMID: 37777583 PMCID: PMC10543381 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43546-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver is an important organ that carries out major important functions including the detoxification of harmful chemicals. Numerous studies have lately focused on the impact of various substances, such as chemical pollutants and pharmaceutical drugs, on the liver. Melatonin (Mel) has been reported for the protection against liver injury. In order to enhance Mel therapeutic benefits and prevent any potential negative effects, Mel has to be delivered to the injured liver. Therefore, the goal of the current investigation was to create Mel-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (Mel-PLGA NPs) to alleviate carbon tetrachloride (CCL4)-induced liver damage in male Sprague Dawley rats. The prepared Mel-PLGA NPs were physically characterized to determine its size and charge. Moreover, Mel-PLGA NPs were examined, in vitro, to determine its antioxidant, anticoagulant, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxicity effects before being used in vivo. The effect of NPs on liver injury was evaluated through biochemical, immunological, histopathological examination and flow cytometry technique. Mel-PLGA NPs were smooth and spherical with no signs of aggregation and have in vitro antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticoagulant effects. NPs varied in size from 87 to 96 nm in transmission electron microscope images, while their hydrodynamic diameter was 41 nm and their zeta potential was -6 mV. Mel-PLGA NPs had encapsulation efficiency (EE%) and drug loading (DL%) of 59.9 and 12.5%, respectively. Treatment with Mel-PLGA NPs ameliorated all histopathological changes, in liver sections, that resulted from CCL4 administration; where, liver sections of treated groups were similar to those of healthy control GI. NPs administration were superior to free Mel and reversed the elevated levels of liver function enzymes, inflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases to their normal levels. Moreover, liver sections of groups treated with NPs showed negative immunostaining for nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and C-reactive protein indicating their anti-inflammatory behavior. Mel-PLGA NPs significantly protected liver from the toxicity of CCL4. The effective dose of NPs was 5 mg/kg indicating a reduction in the required Mel dose and its associated adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyaa Farid
- Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Valina Michael
- Faculty of Biotechnology, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza, Egypt
| | - Gehan Safwat
- Faculty of Biotechnology, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza, Egypt
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8
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Sieminski M, Szaruta-Raflesz K, Szypenbejl J, Krzyzaniak K. Potential Neuroprotective Role of Melatonin in Sepsis-Associated Encephalopathy Due to Its Scavenging and Anti-Oxidative Properties. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1786. [PMID: 37760089 PMCID: PMC10525116 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12091786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is defined as life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. The brain is one of the organs involved in sepsis, and sepsis-induced brain injury manifests as sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE). SAE may be present in up to 70% of septic patients. SAE has a very wide spectrum of clinical symptoms, ranging from mild behavioral changes through cognitive disorders to disorders of consciousness and coma. The presence of SAE increases mortality in the population of septic patients and may lead to chronic cognitive dysfunction in sepsis survivors. Therefore, therapeutic interventions with neuroprotective effects in sepsis are needed. Melatonin, a neurohormone responsible for the control of circadian rhythms, exerts many beneficial physiological effects. Its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties are well described. It is considered a potential therapeutic factor in sepsis, with positive results from studies on animal models and with encouraging results from the first human clinical trials. With its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential, it may also exert a neuroprotective effect in sepsis-associated encephalopathy. The review presents data on melatonin as a potential drug in SAE in the wider context of the pathophysiology of SAE and the specific actions of the pineal neurohormone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Sieminski
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-214 Gdansk, Poland; (K.S.-R.); (K.K.)
| | | | - Jacek Szypenbejl
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-214 Gdansk, Poland; (K.S.-R.); (K.K.)
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9
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Alaa H, Abdelaziz M, Mustafa M, Mansour M, Magdy S, Mohsen S, El-Karamany Y, Farid A. Therapeutic effect of melatonin-loaded chitosan/lecithin nanoparticles on hyperglycemia and pancreatic beta cells regeneration in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10617. [PMID: 37391460 PMCID: PMC10313733 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36929-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology is used to overcome fundamental flaws in today's marketed pharmaceuticals that obstruct therapy, like restricted solubility and quick release of drugs into the bloodstream. In both human and animal researches, melatonin was demonstrated to regulate glucose levels. Despite the fact that melatonin is quickly transported through the mucosa, its sensitivity to be oxidized creates a difficulty in achieving the required dose. Additionally, due to its variable absorption and poor oral bioavailability necessitates the development of alternative delivery methods. The study aimed to synthesize melatonin loaded chitosan/lecithin (Mel-C/L) nanoparticles to be assessed in the treatment of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes in rats. The antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxicity properties of nanoparticles were estimated to determine the safety of manufactured nanoparticles for in vivo studies. In addition, Mel-C/L nanoparticles were administered to rats for eight weeks after inducing hyperglycemia. The therapeutic effect of Mel-C/L nanoparticles was assessed in all experimental groups by detecting insulin and blood glucose levels; observing improvements in liver and kidney functions as well as histological and immunohistochemical evaluation of rats' pancreatic sections. The results proved that Mel-C/L nanoparticles showed remarkable anti-inflammatory, anti-coagulant, and anti-oxidant effects, in addition to its efficiency in reducing blood glucose levels of STZ-induced diabetic rats and great ability to promote the regeneration of pancreatic beta (β)-cells. Furthermore, Mel-C/L nanoparticles elevated the insulin level; and decreased the elevated levels of urea, creatinine and cholesterol. In conclusion, nanoparticles application decreased the administrated melatonin dose that in turn can diminish the side effects of free melatonin administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habiba Alaa
- Biotechnology/Biomolecular Chemistry Program, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mariam Abdelaziz
- Biotechnology/Biomolecular Chemistry Program, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Maryam Mustafa
- Biotechnology/Biomolecular Chemistry Program, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mustafa Mansour
- Biotechnology/Biomolecular Chemistry Program, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Salma Magdy
- Biotechnology/Biomolecular Chemistry Program, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Salma Mohsen
- Biotechnology/Biomolecular Chemistry Program, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Yomna El-Karamany
- Biotechnology/Biomolecular Chemistry Program, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Alyaa Farid
- Immunology Division, Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
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10
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Bartolucci S, Retini M, Fanini F, Paderni D, Piersanti G. Synthesis and Fluorescence Properties of 4-Cyano and 4-Formyl Melatonin as Putative Melatoninergic Ligands. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:22190-22194. [PMID: 37360469 PMCID: PMC10286092 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent ligands are imperative to many facets of chemical biology and medicinal chemistry. Herein, we report the syntheses of two fluorescent melatonin-based derivatives as potential ligands of melatonin receptors. The two compounds, namely, 4-cyano and 4-formyl melatonin (4CN-MLT and 4CHO-MLT, respectively), which differ from melatonin by only two/three atoms that are very compact in size, were prepared using the selective C3-alkylation of indoles with N-acetyl ethanolamines involving the "borrowing hydrogen" strategy. These compounds exhibit absorption/emission spectra that are red-shifted from those of melatonin. Binding studies on two melatonin receptor subtypes showed that these derivatives have a modest affinity and selectivity ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Bartolucci
- Department
of Biomolecular Sciences, University of
Urbino Carlo Bo, Piazza del Rinascimento 6, 61029 Urbino, Pesaro and Urbino, Italy
| | - Michele Retini
- Department
of Biomolecular Sciences, University of
Urbino Carlo Bo, Piazza del Rinascimento 6, 61029 Urbino, Pesaro and Urbino, Italy
| | - Fabiola Fanini
- Department
of Biomolecular Sciences, University of
Urbino Carlo Bo, Piazza del Rinascimento 6, 61029 Urbino, Pesaro and Urbino, Italy
| | - Daniele Paderni
- Department
of Pure and Applied Sciences, University
of Urbino Carlo Bo, Via della Stazione 4, 61029 Urbino, Pesaro and Urbino, Italy
| | - Giovanni Piersanti
- Department
of Biomolecular Sciences, University of
Urbino Carlo Bo, Piazza del Rinascimento 6, 61029 Urbino, Pesaro and Urbino, Italy
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11
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Boutin JA, Kennaway DJ, Jockers R. Melatonin: Facts, Extrapolations and Clinical Trials. Biomolecules 2023; 13:943. [PMID: 37371523 DOI: 10.3390/biom13060943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is a fascinating molecule that has captured the imagination of many scientists since its discovery in 1958. In recent times, the focus has changed from investigating its natural role as a transducer of biological time for physiological systems to hypothesized roles in virtually all clinical conditions. This goes along with the appearance of extensive literature claiming the (generally) positive benefits of high doses of melatonin in animal models and various clinical situations that would not be receptor-mediated. Based on the assumption that melatonin is safe, high doses have been administered to patients, including the elderly and children, in clinical trials. In this review, we critically review the corresponding literature, including the hypotheses that melatonin acts as a scavenger molecule, in particular in mitochondria, by trying not only to contextualize these interests but also by attempting to separate the wheat from the chaff (or the wishful thinking from the facts). We conclude that most claims remain hypotheses and that the experimental evidence used to promote them is limited and sometimes flawed. Our review will hopefully encourage clinical researchers to reflect on what melatonin can and cannot do and help move the field forward on a solid basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Boutin
- Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, University of Normandy, INSERM U1239, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - D J Kennaway
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide Health and Medical Science Building, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia
| | - R Jockers
- Institut Cochin, Université Paris Cité, INSERM, CNRS, 75014 Paris, France
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Light, Water, and Melatonin: The Synergistic Regulation of Phase Separation in Dementia. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065835. [PMID: 36982909 PMCID: PMC10054283 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The swift rise in acceptance of molecular principles defining phase separation by a broad array of scientific disciplines is shadowed by increasing discoveries linking phase separation to pathological aggregations associated with numerous neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease, that contribute to dementia. Phase separation is powered by multivalent macromolecular interactions. Importantly, the release of water molecules from protein hydration shells into bulk creates entropic gains that promote phase separation and the subsequent generation of insoluble cytotoxic aggregates that drive healthy brain cells into diseased states. Higher viscosity in interfacial waters and limited hydration in interiors of biomolecular condensates facilitate phase separation. Light, water, and melatonin constitute an ancient synergy that ensures adequate protein hydration to prevent aberrant phase separation. The 670 nm visible red wavelength found in sunlight and employed in photobiomodulation reduces interfacial and mitochondrial matrix viscosity to enhance ATP production via increasing ATP synthase motor efficiency. Melatonin is a potent antioxidant that lowers viscosity to increase ATP by scavenging excess reactive oxygen species and free radicals. Reduced viscosity by light and melatonin elevates the availability of free water molecules that allow melatonin to adopt favorable conformations that enhance intrinsic features, including binding interactions with adenosine that reinforces the adenosine moiety effect of ATP responsible for preventing water removal that causes hydrophobic collapse and aggregation in phase separation. Precise recalibration of interspecies melatonin dosages that account for differences in metabolic rates and bioavailability will ensure the efficacious reinstatement of the once-powerful ancient synergy between light, water, and melatonin in a modern world.
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Álvarez-Fernández L, Gomez-Gomez A, Haro N, García-Lino AM, Álvarez AI, Pozo OJ, Merino G. ABCG2 transporter plays a key role in the biodistribution of melatonin and its main metabolites. J Pineal Res 2023; 74:e12849. [PMID: 36562106 PMCID: PMC10078363 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The ATP-binding cassette G2 (ABCG2) is an efflux transporter expressed in the apical membrane of cells from a large number of tissues, directly affecting bioavailability, tissue accumulation, and secretion into milk of both xenobiotics and endogenous compounds. The aim of this work was to characterize the role of ABCG2 in the systemic distribution and secretion into milk of melatonin and its main metabolites, 6-hydroxymelatonin, and 6-sulfatoxymelatonin. For this purpose, we first showed that these three molecules are transported by this transporter using in vitro transepithelial assays with MDCK-II polarized cells transduced with different species variants of ABCG2. Second, we tested the in vivo effect of murine Abcg2 in the systemic distribution of melatonin and its metabolites using wild-type and Abcg2-/- mice. Our results show that after oral administration of melatonin, the plasma concentration of melatonin metabolites in Abcg2-/- mice was between 1.5 and 6-fold higher compared to the wild-type mice. We also evaluated in these animals differences in tissue accumulation of melatonin metabolites. The most relevant differences between both types of mice were found for small intestine and kidney (>sixfold increase for 6-sulfatoxymelatonin in Abcg2-/- mice). Finally, melatonin secretion into milk was also affected by the murine Abcg2 transporter, with a twofold higher milk concentration in wild-type compared with Abcg2-/- lactating female mice. In addition, melatonin metabolites showed a higher milk-to-plasma ratio in wild-type mice. Overall, our results show that the ABCG2 transporter plays a critical role in the biodistribution of melatonin and its main metabolites, thereby potentially affecting their biological and therapeutic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Álvarez-Fernández
- Department of Biomedical Sciences-Physiology, Animal Health Institute (INDEGSAL), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Alex Gomez-Gomez
- Applied Metabolomics Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Noemí Haro
- Applied Metabolomics Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alba M García-Lino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences-Physiology, Animal Health Institute (INDEGSAL), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Ana I Álvarez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences-Physiology, Animal Health Institute (INDEGSAL), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Oscar J Pozo
- Applied Metabolomics Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gracia Merino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences-Physiology, Animal Health Institute (INDEGSAL), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad de León, León, Spain
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14
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Zhang XY, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Liu ZF, Wei BB, Feng XS. Melatonin in different food samples: Recent update on distribution, bioactivities, pretreatment and analysis techniques. Food Res Int 2023; 163:112272. [PMID: 36596183 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin (MLT) plays a significant role on maintaining the basic physiological functions and regulating various metabolic processes in plentiful organisms. Recent years have witnessed an increase in MLT's share in global market with its affluent functions. However, the worrisome quality issues and inappropriate or excessive application of MLT take place inevitably. In addition, its photosensitive properties, oxidation, complex substrate concentration and trace levels leave exact detection of MLT doubly difficult. Therefore, it is essential to exploit precise, sensitive and stable extraction and detection methods to resolve above questions. In this study, we reviewed the distribution and bioactivities of MLT and conducted a comprehensive overview of the developments of pretreatment and analysis methods for MLT in food samples since 2010. Commonly used pretreatment methods for MLT include not only traditional techniques, but also novel ones, such as solid-phase extraction, QuEChERS, microextraction by packed sorbent, solid phase microextraction, liquid phase microextraction, and so on. Analysis methods include liquid chromatography coupled with different detectors, GC methods, capillary electrophoresis, sensors, and so on. The advantages and disadvantages of different techniques have been compared and the development tendency was prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yue Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China; Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacy Administration, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021 China
| | - Zhi-Fei Liu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Bin-Bin Wei
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
| | - Xue-Song Feng
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
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15
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Eugster PJ, Dunand M, Grund B, Ivanyuk A, Fogarasi Szabo N, Bardinet C, Abid K, Buclin T, Grouzmann E, Chtioui H. Quantification of serotonin and eight of its metabolites in plasma of healthy volunteers by mass spectrometry. Clin Chim Acta 2022; 535:19-26. [PMID: 35963304 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin is transformed into melatonin under the control of the light/dark cycle, representing a cornerstone of circadian rhythmicity. Serotonin also undergoes extensive metabolism to produce 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), a biomarker for the diagnosis and monitoring of serotonin secreting neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). While serotonin, melatonin and their metabolites are part of an integrated comprehensive system, human observations about their respective plasma concentrations are still limited. We report here for the first time a multiplex UHPLC-MS/MS assay for the quantification of serotonin, 5-HIAA, 5-hydroxytryptophol (5-HTPL), N-acetyl-serotonin (NAS), Mel, 6-OH-Mel, 5-methoxytryptamine (5-MT), 5-methoxytryptophol (5-MTPL), and 5-methoxyindoleacetic acid (5-MIAA) in human plasma. Analytes were extracted by protein precipitation and solid phase extraction. Plasma concentrations for these analytes were determined in 102 healthy volunteers. The LLOQ of the assay ranges from 2.2 nM for serotonin to 1.0 pM for 6-OH-Mel. This sensitivity enables the quantification of circulating serotonin, 5-HIAA, NAS, Mel, and 5-MIAA, even at their lowest diurnal concentrations. This assay will enable specific, precise and accurate measurement of serotonin, Mel and their metabolites to draw a detailed picture of this complex pineal metabolism, allowing a dynamic understanding of these pathways and providing promising biomarkers and a metabolic signature for serotonin-secreting NETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe J Eugster
- Service of Clinical Pharmacology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Marielle Dunand
- Service of Clinical Pharmacology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Baptiste Grund
- Service of Clinical Pharmacology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anton Ivanyuk
- Service of Clinical Pharmacology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Fogarasi Szabo
- Service of Clinical Pharmacology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Carine Bardinet
- Service of Clinical Pharmacology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Karim Abid
- Service of Clinical Pharmacology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thierry Buclin
- Service of Clinical Pharmacology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Eric Grouzmann
- Service of Clinical Pharmacology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Haithem Chtioui
- Service of Clinical Pharmacology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland
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16
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Liu S, Kang W, Mao X, Ge L, Du H, Li J, Hou L, Liu D, Yin Y, Liu Y, Huang K. Melatonin mitigates aflatoxin B1-induced liver injury via modulation of gut microbiota/intestinal FXR/liver TLR4 signaling axis in mice. J Pineal Res 2022; 73:e12812. [PMID: 35652241 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a widespread contaminant in foods and feedstuffs, and its target organ is the liver. Melatonin (MT) has been shown to alleviate inflammation in organs and remodel gut microbiota in animals and humans. However, the underlying mechanism by which MT alleviates AFB1-induced liver injury remains unclear. In the present study, MT pretreatment markedly increased the expression of intestinal tight junction proteins (ZO-1, Occludin, and Claudin-1), decreased intestinal permeability, reduced production of gut-derived Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and remodeled gut microbiota, ultimately alleviated AFB1-induced liver injury in mice. Interestingly, MT pretreatment failed to exert beneficial effects on the intestine and liver in antibiotic-treated mice. Meanwhile, MT pretreatment significantly increased the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) protein expression of ileum, and decreased the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway-related messenger RNA (mRNA) and proteins (TLR4, MyD88, p-p65, and p-IκBα) expression in livers of AFB1-exposed mice. Subsequently, pretreatment by Gly-β-MCA, an intestine-selective FXR inhibitor, blocked the alleviating effect of MT on liver injury through increasing the liver-specific expression of TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway-related mRNA and proteins (TLR4, MyD88, p-p65, and p-IκBα). In conclusion, MT pretreatment ameliorated AFB1-induced liver injury and the potential mechanism may be related to regulate gut microbiota/intestinal FXR/liver TLR4 signaling axis, which provides a strong evidence for the protection of gut-derived liver inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuiping Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Animal Nutritional Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weili Kang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Animal Nutritional Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinru Mao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Animal Nutritional Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Ge
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Animal Nutritional Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Heng Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Animal Nutritional Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinyan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Animal Nutritional Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lili Hou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Animal Nutritional Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dandan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Animal Nutritional Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yunhuan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Animal Nutritional Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kehe Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Animal Nutritional Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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17
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Cecon E, Fernandois D, Renault N, Coelho CFF, Wenzel J, Bedart C, Izabelle C, Gallet S, Le Poder S, Klonjkowski B, Schwaninger M, Prevot V, Dam J, Jockers R. Melatonin drugs inhibit SARS-CoV-2 entry into the brain and virus-induced damage of cerebral small vessels. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:361. [PMID: 35697820 PMCID: PMC9191404 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04390-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 is a complex disease with short- and long-term respiratory, inflammatory and neurological symptoms that are triggered by the infection with SARS-CoV-2. Invasion of the brain by SARS-CoV-2 has been observed in humans and is postulated to be involved in post-COVID state. Brain infection is particularly pronounced in the K18-hACE2 mouse model of COVID-19. Prevention of brain infection in the acute phase of the disease might thus be of therapeutic relevance to prevent long-lasting symptoms of COVID-19. We previously showed that melatonin or two prescribed structural analogs, agomelatine and ramelteon delay the onset of severe clinical symptoms and improve survival of SARS-CoV-2-infected K18-hACE2 mice. Here, we show that treatment of K18-hACE2 mice with melatonin and two melatonin-derived marketed drugs, agomelatine and ramelteon, prevents SARS-CoV-2 entry in the brain, thereby reducing virus-induced damage of small cerebral vessels, immune cell infiltration and brain inflammation. Molecular modeling analyses complemented by experimental studies in cells showed that SARS-CoV-2 entry in endothelial cells is prevented by melatonin binding to an allosteric-binding site on human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), thus interfering with ACE2 function as an entry receptor for SARS-CoV-2. Our findings open new perspectives for the repurposing of melatonergic drugs and its clinically used analogs in the prevention of brain infection by SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19-related long-term neurological symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Cecon
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Daniela Fernandois
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, UMR-S 1172, FHU 1000 Days for Health, Lille, France
| | - Nicolas Renault
- Univ Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, U-1286 - INFINTE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Caio Fernando Ferreira Coelho
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, UMR-S 1172, FHU 1000 Days for Health, Lille, France
| | - Jan Wenzel
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Hamburg-Lübeck-Kiel, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Corentin Bedart
- Univ Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, U-1286 - INFINTE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, 59000, Lille, France.,Par'Immune, Bio-incubateur Eurasanté, 70 rue du Dr. Yersin, 59120, Loos-Lez-Lille, France
| | - Charlotte Izabelle
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Sarah Gallet
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, UMR-S 1172, FHU 1000 Days for Health, Lille, France
| | - Sophie Le Poder
- UMR Virologie, INRAE, ANSES, École Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Bernard Klonjkowski
- UMR Virologie, INRAE, ANSES, École Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Markus Schwaninger
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Hamburg-Lübeck-Kiel, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Vincent Prevot
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, UMR-S 1172, FHU 1000 Days for Health, Lille, France
| | - Julie Dam
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Ralf Jockers
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, 75014, Paris, France.
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18
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Nasseh N, Khezri MB, Farzam S, Shiravandi S, Shafikhani AA. The effect of melatonin on cardiac biomarkers after coronary artery bypass graft surgery: A double-blind, randomized pilot study. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2022; 36:3800-3805. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2022.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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19
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Tsotinis A, Afroudakis PA, Papanastasiou IP, Sakellaropoulou A, Boniakou M, Komiotis D, Garratt PJ, Delagrange P, Bocianowska-Zbrog A, Sugden D. Mapping the Melatonin Receptor. 8. Selective MT2 Agonists derived from 5,6-dihydroindolo[2,1-a]isoquinolines and related systems. ChemMedChem 2022; 17:e202200129. [PMID: 35478275 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202200129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A series of substituted indolo[2,1- a ]isoquinolines and indolo[1,2- a ]benzoxazines have been prepared, as melatonin analogues, to investigate the nature of the binding site of the melatonin receptor. Agonist and antagonist potency of all the analogues was measured using the [35S]GTPγS binding assay protocol. The binding affinity of the analogues were measured by competition binding studies against the human MT1 (hMT1) and MT2 (hMT2) receptors stably transfected in Chinese Hamster Ovarian (CHO) cells, using 2-[ 125 I]-iodomelatonin, as a ligand. N -Acetyl 2-(10-methoxy-5,6-dihydroindolo[2,1- a ]isoquinolin-12-yl)propyl-1-amine (12a) binds strongly to both the hMT1 and hMT2 receptors, and shows a preference for the hMT2, as does Its propanamido counterpart 12b . The introduction of two methyl groups into their side chain, analogues 15a and 1 5b, leads to antagonism, in the case of the former, and drastically diminishes its hMT1 binding; an analogous profile is seen for 15b , which, however, is a partial agonist.. Introduction of chlorine or methoxyl groups into ring 4 gives compounds, that are weakly binding, with a preference for MT2. Substitution of oxygen for carbon at position 5 gives the indolo[1,2- c ]benzoxazines 33 , 36a and b , that bind strongly to the human receptors, 33 , 36b are potent agonists at the melatonin receptors, but do not discriminate between hMT1 and hMT2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Tsotinis
- University of Athens: Ethniko kai Kapodistriako Panepistemio Athenon, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Panepistimioupoli-Zografou, 15771, Athens, GREECE
| | - Pandelis A Afroudakis
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Health Sciences: Ethniko kai Kapodistriako Panepistemio Athenon, Pharmacy, GREECE
| | - Ioannis P Papanastasiou
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Health Sciences: Ethniko kai Kapodistriako Panepistemio Athenon, Pharmacy, GREECE
| | - Aikaterini Sakellaropoulou
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Health Sciences: Ethniko kai Kapodistriako Panepistemio Athenon, Pharmacy, GREECE
| | - Marina Boniakou
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens: Ethniko kai Kapodistriako Panepistemio Athenon, Pharmacy, GREECE
| | - Dimitri Komiotis
- University of Thessaly: Panepistemio Thessalias, Department of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, GREECE
| | | | | | | | - David Sugden
- King's College London, Pharmacology, UNITED KINGDOM
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20
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Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari M, Mihanfar A, Yousefi B, Majidinia M. Nanotechnology-based advances in the efficient delivery of melatonin. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:43. [PMID: 35093076 PMCID: PMC8800219 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02472-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
N-[2-(5-methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl) ethyl] or simply melatonin is a biogenic amine produced by pineal gland and recently recognized various other organs. Because of a broad range of biological function melatonin is considered as a therapeutic agent with high efficacy in the treatment of multiple disorders, such as cancer, degenerative disorders and immune disease. However, since melatonin can affect receptors on the cellular membrane, in the nucleus and can act as an anti-oxidant molecule, some unwanted effects may be observed after administration. Therefore, the entrapment of melatonin in biocompatible, biodegradable and safe nano-delivery systems can prevent its degradation in circulation; decrease its toxicity with increased half-life, enhanced pharmacokinetic profile leading to improved patient compliance. Because of this, nanoparticles have been used to deliver melatonin in multiple studies, and the present article aims to cumulatively illustrate their findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ainaz Mihanfar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Majidinia
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Orjhans Street, Resalat Blvd, Urmia, Iran.
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21
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Boutin JA. [Melatonin: A short clarification for the over-enthusiasts]. Med Sci (Paris) 2022; 38:89-95. [PMID: 35060893 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2021115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is a naturally occurring molecule derived from tryptophan. Melatonin is a key player in relaying the circadian rhythm between our environment and our body. It has also a key role in rhythming the seasons (more production during long nights and less during short ones) as well as in the reproduction cycles of the mammals. Melatonin is often and surprisingly presented as a molecule with multiple therapeutic properties that can fix (or help to fix) many health issues, such as diseases (cancer, ageing, virus-induced affections including COVID-19, etc…) or toxicological situations (metals, venoms, chemical such as adriamycin [doxorubicin], methotrexate or paclitaxel). The mechanistics behind those wonders is still missing and this is puzzling. In the present commentary, the main well-established biological properties are presented and briefly discussed with the aim of delineating the borders between facts and wishful thinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean A Boutin
- PHARMADEV, Pharmacochimie et biologie pour le développement, UUM 152, Faculté de pharmacie, Rue des Maraîchers, 31000 Toulouse, France
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22
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Bonnaud A, Dupré C, Legros C, Boutin JA. MT1 Receptor Signaling Pathways by Impedance Measurement. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2550:201-206. [PMID: 36180694 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2593-4_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin exerts its classical effects of relay of the circadian rhythm through two G protein-coupled receptors, MT1 and MT2. The functions attributed to melatonin are so numerous that the action of this neurohormone should be through several protein targets or through new coupled biochemistry routes at its receptors. In order to better explore and understand these melatonin-dependent activities, we enlarged the functional pathways linked to the activation of the receptors in living system. Impedance has been shown to rely on the shape-shifting capacity of receptor-associated mechanisms. Those changes elicited by an agonist lead to changes in the actual shape of the cells, and thus to their electric conductivity. The impact of those changes onto the physiology of the cells is not completely understood from a mechanistic point of view, but the measure of these changes associated with various ligands at the melatonin receptor(s) might bring new information on melatonin-dependent cell reactivity. The following chapter is a detailed account of the way impedance can be measured in MT1-experssing cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Bonnaud
- Pole d'expertise Biotechnologie, Chimie & Biologie, Institut de Recherches Servier, Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Clémence Dupré
- Pole d'expertise Biotechnologie, Chimie & Biologie, Institut de Recherches Servier, Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Céline Legros
- Pole d'expertise Biotechnologie, Chimie & Biologie, Institut de Recherches Servier, Croissy-sur-Seine, France
- Eurofins Discovery, Celle l'Evescault, France
| | - Jean A Boutin
- Pole d'expertise Biotechnologie, Chimie & Biologie, Institut de Recherches Servier, Croissy-sur-Seine, France.
- PHARMADEV (Pharmacochimie et biologie pour le développement), Faculté de Pharmacie, Toulouse, France.
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23
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Legros C, Boutin JA. Detection of Melatonin in Tissue Samples. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2550:7-12. [PMID: 36180671 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2593-4_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin is present in higher quantity in brain during the night. The variation of its quantity is not only a matter of day/night cycle but also a matter of organ and tissues' sublocalization. It is of the highest importance to be able to precisely measure these quantities, and thus, these variations, particularly to better understand the way melatonin signals its presence and the variation thereof through many putative targets. In this chapter, we detail the way these measures can be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jean A Boutin
- PHARMADEV (Pharmacochimie et biologie pour le développement), Faculté de Pharmacie, Toulouse, France.
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24
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Cecon E, Izabelle C, Poder SL, Real F, Zhu A, Tu L, Ghigna MR, Klonjkowski B, Bomsel M, Jockers R, Dam J. Therapeutic potential of melatonin and melatonergic drugs on K18-hACE2 mice infected with SARS-CoV-2. J Pineal Res 2022; 72:e12772. [PMID: 34586649 PMCID: PMC8646885 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
As the COVID-19 pandemic grows, several therapeutic candidates are being tested or undergoing clinical trials. Although prophylactic vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 infection has been shown to be effective, no definitive treatment exists to date in the event of infection. The rapid spread of infection by SARS-CoV-2 and its variants fully warrants the continued evaluation of drug treatments for COVID-19, especially in the context of repurposing of already available and safe drugs. Here, we explored the therapeutic potential of melatonin and melatonergic compounds in attenuating COVID-19 pathogenesis in mice expressing human ACE2 receptor (K18-hACE2), strongly susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Daily administration of melatonin, agomelatine, or ramelteon delays the occurrence of severe clinical outcome with improvement of survival, especially with high melatonin dose. Although no changes in most lung inflammatory cytokines are observed, treatment with melatonergic compounds limits the exacerbated local lung production of type I and type III interferons, which is likely associated with the observed improved symptoms in treated mice. The promising results from this preclinical study should encourage studies examining the benefits of repurposing melatonergic drugs to treat COVID-19 and related diseases in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Cecon
- Institut CochinINSERMCNRSUniversité de ParisParisFrance
| | | | - Sophie Le Poder
- UMR VirologieINRAEANSESÉcole Nationale Vétérinaire d'AlfortMaisons‐AlfortFrance
| | - Fernando Real
- Institut CochinINSERMCNRSUniversité de ParisParisFrance
| | - Aiwei Zhu
- Institut CochinINSERMCNRSUniversité de ParisParisFrance
| | - Ly Tu
- School of Medicine Le Kremlin‐BicêtreHôpital Marie Lannelongue, INSERM UMRS 999Université Paris‐SaclayLe Plessis‐RobinsonFrance
| | - Maria Rosa Ghigna
- School of Medicine Le Kremlin‐BicêtreHôpital Marie Lannelongue, INSERM UMRS 999Université Paris‐SaclayLe Plessis‐RobinsonFrance
| | - Bernard Klonjkowski
- UMR VirologieINRAEANSESÉcole Nationale Vétérinaire d'AlfortMaisons‐AlfortFrance
| | | | - Ralf Jockers
- Institut CochinINSERMCNRSUniversité de ParisParisFrance
| | - Julie Dam
- Institut CochinINSERMCNRSUniversité de ParisParisFrance
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25
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Gautier C, Theret I, Lizzo G, Ferry G, Guénin SP, Boutin JA. Why Are We Still Cloning Melatonin Receptors? A Commentary. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2550:267-281. [PMID: 36180698 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2593-4_29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cloning may seem to be a view from the past. The time before software, computers and AI were invented. It seems to us worth discussing these points in view of our favorite target: the melatoninergic system. In a few stances, it might be important to point out that even in the new era of dry science, there is still a need to experiment and to prove at the bench that our in silico assertions are right. Most of the living animals express to some extend the melatonin receptors. Some of these animal genomes were completely or partially sequenced, and it is tempting to extract from this huge information the sequence(s) of our favorite genes (MLT receptors). Then, why bother cloning, as opposed to simply built the gene and express it in a host cell? Because the genetic boundaries of the expressed sequence(s) are not 100% sure. Because the melatonin receptor gene(s) comprise a first exon 25,000 base pair far from the second one and the limits between this Ex1 and In1-as between In1 and Ex2-are subject to changes that might have a huge impact on the biochemical properties of the receptor, once expressed. Because a receptor is a biochemical entity with characteristics that are important for the functioning of this particular pathway, and more generally, for the functioning of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Célia Gautier
- Pôle d'expertise Biotechnologie, Chimie & Biologie, Institut de Recherches Servier, Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Isabelle Theret
- Pôle d'expertise Biotechnologie, Chimie & Biologie, Institut de Recherches Servier, Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Giulia Lizzo
- Pôle d'expertise Biotechnologie, Chimie & Biologie, Institut de Recherches Servier, Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Gilles Ferry
- Pôle d'expertise Biotechnologie, Chimie & Biologie, Institut de Recherches Servier, Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Sophie-Pénélope Guénin
- Pôle d'expertise Biotechnologie, Chimie & Biologie, Institut de Recherches Servier, Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Jean A Boutin
- Pôle d'expertise Biotechnologie, Chimie & Biologie, Institut de Recherches Servier, Croissy-sur-Seine, France.
- Pharma-Dev (Pharmacochimie et Biologie pour le Développement), Faculté de Pharmacie, UMR 152, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
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26
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Ferlenghi F, Mari M, Gobbi G, Elisi GM, Mor M, Rivara S, Vacondio F, Bartolucci S, Bedini A, Fanini F, Spadoni G. N-(Anilinoethyl)amide Melatonergic Ligands with Improved Water Solubility and Metabolic Stability. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:3071-3082. [PMID: 34213063 PMCID: PMC8518537 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The MT2 -selective melatonin receptor ligand UCM765 (N-(2-((3-methoxyphenyl)(phenyl)amino)ethyl)acetamide), showed interesting sleep inducing, analgesic and anxiolytic properties in rodents, but suffers from low water solubility and modest metabolic stability. To overcome these limitations, different strategies were investigated, including modification of metabolically liable sites, introduction of hydrophilic substituents and design of more basic derivatives. Thermodynamic solubility, microsomal stability and lipophilicity of new compounds were experimentally evaluated, together with their MT1 and MT2 binding affinities. Introduction of a m-hydroxymethyl substituent on the phenyl ring of UCM765 and replacement of the replacement of the N,N-diphenyl-amino scaffold with a N-methyl-N-phenyl-amino one led to highly soluble compounds with good microsomal stability and receptor binding affinity. Docking studies into the receptor crystal structure provided a rationale for their binding affinity. Pharmacokinetic characterization in rats highlighted higher plasma concentrations for the N-methyl-N-phenyl-amino derivative, consistent with its improved microsomal stability and makes this compound worthy of consideration for further pharmacological investigation.
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MESH Headings
- Acetamides/chemistry
- Acetamides/metabolism
- Acetamides/pharmacokinetics
- Aniline Compounds/chemistry
- Aniline Compounds/metabolism
- Aniline Compounds/pharmacokinetics
- Animals
- Humans
- Ligands
- Male
- Microsomes, Liver/chemistry
- Microsomes, Liver/metabolism
- Molecular Structure
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT1/chemistry
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT1/metabolism
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT2/chemistry
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT2/metabolism
- Solubility
- Thermodynamics
- Water/chemistry
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Ferlenghi
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del FarmacoUniversità degli Studi di ParmaParco Area delle Scienze 27/A43124ParmaItaly
| | - Michele Mari
- Dipartimento di Scienze BiomolecolariUniversità degli Studi di Urbino Carlo BoPiazza Rinascimento 661029UrbinoItaly
| | - Gabriella Gobbi
- Department of PsychiatryMcGill UniversityMontrealQCH3A1A1Canada
- McGill University Health CenterMontrealQCH31A1Canada
| | - Gian Marco Elisi
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del FarmacoUniversità degli Studi di ParmaParco Area delle Scienze 27/A43124ParmaItaly
| | - Marco Mor
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del FarmacoUniversità degli Studi di ParmaParco Area delle Scienze 27/A43124ParmaItaly
- Microbiome Research HubUniversity of Parma43124ParmaItaly
| | - Silvia Rivara
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del FarmacoUniversità degli Studi di ParmaParco Area delle Scienze 27/A43124ParmaItaly
| | - Federica Vacondio
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del FarmacoUniversità degli Studi di ParmaParco Area delle Scienze 27/A43124ParmaItaly
| | - Silvia Bartolucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze BiomolecolariUniversità degli Studi di Urbino Carlo BoPiazza Rinascimento 661029UrbinoItaly
| | - Annalida Bedini
- Dipartimento di Scienze BiomolecolariUniversità degli Studi di Urbino Carlo BoPiazza Rinascimento 661029UrbinoItaly
| | - Fabiola Fanini
- Dipartimento di Scienze BiomolecolariUniversità degli Studi di Urbino Carlo BoPiazza Rinascimento 661029UrbinoItaly
| | - Gilberto Spadoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze BiomolecolariUniversità degli Studi di Urbino Carlo BoPiazza Rinascimento 661029UrbinoItaly
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27
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Constituents of Chamaecrista diphylla (L.) Greene Leaves with Potent Antioxidant Capacity: A Feature-Based Molecular Network Dereplication Approach. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13050681. [PMID: 34068527 PMCID: PMC8150882 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13050681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Chamaecrista diphylla (L.) Greene (Fabaceae/Caesalpiniaceae) is a herbaceous plant that is widely distributed throughout the Americas. Plants from this genus have been used in traditional medicine as a laxative, to heal wounds, and to treat ulcers, snake and scorpion bites. In the present study, we investigated the chemical composition of Chamaecrista diphylla leaves through a mass spectrometry molecular network approach. The oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) for the ethanolic extract, enriched fractions and isolated compounds was assessed. Overall, thirty-five compounds were annotated for the first time in C. diphylla. Thirty-two of them were reported for the first time in the genus. The isolated compounds 9, 12, 24 and 33 showed an excellent antioxidant capacity, superior to the extract and enriched fractions. Bond dissociation energy calculations were performed to explain and sustain the antioxidant capacity found. According to our results, the leaves of C. diphylla represent a promising source of potent antioxidant compounds.
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28
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Doğanlar ZB, Doğanlar O, Kurtdere K, Güçlü H, Chasan T, Turgut E. Melatonin prevents blood-retinal barrier breakdown and mitochondrial dysfunction in high glucose and hypoxia-induced in vitro diabetic macular edema model. Toxicol In Vitro 2021; 75:105191. [PMID: 33962019 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2021.105191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic macular edema (DME) is a leading cause of blindness in diabetic retinopathy. Prolonged hyperglycemia plus hypoxia contributes to DME pathogenesis. Retinal pigmented epithelial cells comprise the outer blood-retinal barrier and are essential for maintaining physiological functioning of the retina. Melatonin acts as an antioxidant and regulator of mitochondrial bioenergetics and has a protective effect against ocular diseases. However, the role of mitochondrial dysfunction and the therapeutic potential of melatonin in DME remain largely unexplored. Here, we used an in vitro model of DME to investigate blood-retinal barrier integrity and permeability, angiogenesis, mitochondrial dynamics, and apoptosis signaling to evaluate the potential protective efficacy of melatonin in DME. We found that melatonin prevents cell hyper-permeability and outer barrier breakdown by reducing HIF-1α, HIF-1β and VEGF and VEGF receptor gene expression. In addition, melatonin reduced the expression of genes involved in mitochondrial fission (DRP1, hFis1, MIEF2, MFF), mitophagy (PINK, BNip3, NIX), and increased the expression of genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis (PGC-1α, NRF2, PPAR-γ) to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis. Moreover, melatonin prevented apoptosis of retinal pigmented epithelial cells. Our results suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction may be involved in DME pathology, and melatonin may have therapeutic value in DME, by targeting signaling in mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Banu Doğanlar
- Trakya University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Edirne, Turkey.
| | - Oğuzhan Doğanlar
- Trakya University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Kardelen Kurtdere
- Trakya University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Hande Güçlü
- Trakya University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Tourkian Chasan
- Trakya University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Esra Turgut
- Trakya University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Edirne, Turkey
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29
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Drobotun O, Kolotilov M, Safonov M. Relationship of the content of vitamin D and melatonin in blood serum and pineal gland calcifications in patients with malignant bone tumors. FRENCH-UKRAINIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.17721/fujcv9i1p63-69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between the vitamin D content, melatonin and the characteristics of pineal gland calcifications in patients with malignant tumors of the bones of the lower extremities. Vitamin D deficiency and pineal gland calcifications are observed in almost 100 % of patients with malignant tumors of the lower extremities’ bones. The high heterogeneity of calcifications and its dynamics during the treatment of patients may indicate the processes of their litholysis and dissolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Drobotun
- RE Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
| | - Mykola Kolotilov
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Diagnostic Radiology of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine
| | - Mykola Safonov
- RE Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
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