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Heilmann RM, Grützner N, Kook PH, Schellenberg S, Suchodolski JS, Steiner JM. High-Dose Hydrocortisone Treatment Does Not Affect Serum C-Reactive Protein (CRP) Concentrations in Healthy Dogs. Vet Sci 2023; 10:620. [PMID: 37888572 PMCID: PMC10610719 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10100620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Measuring C-reactive protein (CRP) in serum is a useful surrogate marker for assessing disease progression and treatment response in dogs with autoinflammatory diseases. Affected dogs often receive high-dose glucocorticoid treatment, but the effect of such treatment alone on serum CRP concentrations is unknown. We evaluated serum CRP concentrations via immunoassay (sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and particle-enhanced turbidimetric immunoassay) in 12 healthy beagle dogs administered high-dose hydrocortisone (8 mg/kg q12 h) per os vs. placebo over 28 days (days 0, 1, 5, and 28) in a randomized parallel study design. Serum CRP concentrations slightly decreased during treatment or placebo but without a significant association with hydrocortisone administration (p = 0.761). Compared to baseline, serum CRP concentrations were decreased by >2.7-fold (minimum critical difference) in three hydrocortisone-treated dogs and two dogs in the placebo group on day 28, whereas an increase to >2.7-fold was seen in one dog receiving placebo. These results suggest a lack of confounding effects of high-dose hydrocortisone administration on serum CRP concentrations in healthy dogs. This might also hold in dogs with autoinflammatory conditions and/or administration of other high-dose corticosteroids, suggesting that CRP presents a suitable biomarker to monitor inflammatory disease processes. However, this needs confirmation by further studies evaluating corticosteroid-induced cellular (e.g., hepatic) transcriptome and proteome changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romy M. Heilmann
- Department for Small Animals, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, An den Tierkliniken 23, DE-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Niels Grützner
- Ruminant and Swine Clinic, Free University of Berlin, Königsweg 65, DE-14163 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Peter H. Kook
- Small Animal Clinic, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Stefan Schellenberg
- Small Animal Specialty Center Aarau West, Muhenstrasse 56, CH-5036 Oberentfelden, Switzerland;
| | - Jan S. Suchodolski
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, TAMU 4474, College Station, TX 77845, USA; (J.S.S.); (J.M.S.)
| | - Joerg M. Steiner
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, TAMU 4474, College Station, TX 77845, USA; (J.S.S.); (J.M.S.)
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Indzhova V, Czopowicz M, Kilpatrick S, Gutierrez-Quintana R, Brocal J. Signalment and C-reactive protein values in dogs with immune-mediated polyarthritis and steroid responsive meningitis arteritis. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1091318. [PMID: 36865442 PMCID: PMC9971500 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1091318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction This retrospective multicentric study aims to evaluate the ability of CRP concentration to differentiate between dogs diagnosed with IMPA and SRMA. C-reactive protein (CRP) is a marker of inflammation widely used in two of the most commonly diagnosed immune-mediated diseases in dogs-Immune-mediated polyarthritis (IMPA) and steroid responsive meningitis arteritis (SRMA). Materials and methods Data collected from medical records of 167 client-owned dogs included age, breed, gender, neuter status, body weight, body temperature, CRP concentration, month and season of diagnosis. CRP was measured quantitatively in 142 dogs (84%) and semi-quantitatively in 27 dogs (16%). Results SRMA was diagnosed significantly more often in dogs < 12 months old and IMPA in dogs ≥12 months old (P < 0.001). Dogs diagnosed with SRMA had higher CRP concentration than dogs diagnosed with IMPA (P = 0.02). This difference was influenced by the dog's age-when a dog was <12 months old, a higher CRP concentration indicated IMPA (P = 0.02), whereas when a dog was ≥12 months old, a higher CRP concentration indicated SRMA (P = 0.02). Discussion CRP concentration as a sole diagnostic modality showed only fair discriminatory potential to differentiate between SRMA and IMPA (area under ROC curve close to 0.7). CRP concentration varied depending on patient age and definitive diagnosis. It may play some role in differentiating between SRMA and IMPA but should not be used as the sole diagnostic modality, given it has been demonstrated to only have fair discriminatory potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoriya Indzhova
- Willows Veterinary Centre and Referral Service, Part of Linnaeus Veterinary Limited, Solihull, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Viktoriya Indzhova ✉
| | - Michał Czopowicz
- Division of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Rodrigo Gutierrez-Quintana
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Josep Brocal
- Anderson Moores Veterinary Specialists, Part of Linnaeus Veterinary Limited, Winchester, United Kingdom
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Hernandez B, Jaffey JA, Cohn LA, Backus RC, KuKanich K, Hanzlicek AS, Parker VJ, White ME, Ringold R, Westerback E, Freilich L, Bolch C. Evaluation of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, C-reactive protein, and haptoglobin as biomarkers in dogs newly diagnosed with histoplasmosis. J Vet Intern Med 2023; 37:476-483. [PMID: 36748822 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin (OH)D, C-reactive protein (CRP), and haptoglobin are useful biomarkers in various infectious diseases and inflammatory disorders in dogs, but their utility in histoplasmosis is unknown. OBJECTIVE Determine if serum 25(OH)D, CRP, and haptoglobin concentrations are different in dogs with histoplasmosis compared to healthy controls and whether serum globulin, albumin, CRP, or haptoglobin are associated with 25(OH)D concentration. ANIMALS Twenty-two client-owned dogs (histoplasmosis, n = 12; controls, n = 10). METHODS Prospective case-control study. Dogs with histoplasmosis were categorized as pulmonary, disseminated, or gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Serum 25(OH)D was measured using modified high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Serum CRP and haptoglobin were measured with ELISA assays. RESULTS Dogs with histoplasmosis were grouped as disseminated (n = 8) and GI tract (n = 4). No dogs had pulmonary tract involvement alone. Dogs with histoplasmosis (median, interquartile range [IQR]; 11.6 ng/mL, 16.8) had lower serum 25(OH)D concentrations than controls (35.7 ng/mL, 17.6; P < .001). Serum CRP and haptoglobin concentrations were higher in dogs with histoplasmosis (CRP: median, IQR; 63.5 mg/L, 37.1 and haptoglobin: 459.7 mg/dL, 419.6) than controls (CRP: 1.9 mg/L, 2; P < .001 and haptoglobin: 85.5 mg/dL, 106.7; P = .003). Serum 25(OH)D concentration was positively associated with fold change in serum albumin concentration (ρ = 0.77; P < .001), and negatively associated with fold change in serum globulin (ρ = -0.61; P = .003) and CRP concentrations (ρ = -0.56; P = .01). CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Assay of serum 25(OH)D, CRP, and haptoglobin could have clinical value in dogs with histoplasmosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betsy Hernandez
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Jared A Jaffey
- Department of Specialty Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, Arizona, USA
| | - Leah A Cohn
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Robert C Backus
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Kate KuKanich
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Andrew S Hanzlicek
- MiraVista Diagnostics, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Valerie J Parker
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Mary E White
- Department of Pathology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Emily Westerback
- Department of Specialty Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, Arizona, USA
| | - Leah Freilich
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Charlotte Bolch
- Department of Research and Sponsored Programs, Midwestern University, College of Graduate Studies, Glendale, Arizona, USA
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Jaffey JA, Shubitz LF, Johnson MDL, Bolch CA, da Cunha A, Murthy AK, Lopez BS, Monasky R, Carswell I, Spiker J, Neubert MJ, Menghani SV. Evaluation of Host Constitutive and Ex Vivo Coccidioidal Antigen-Stimulated Immune Response in Dogs with Naturally Acquired Coccidioidomycosis. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9020213. [PMID: 36836327 PMCID: PMC9959558 DOI: 10.3390/jof9020213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The early innate immune response to coccidioidomycosis has proven to be pivotal in directing the adaptive immune response and disease outcome in mice and humans but is unexplored in dogs. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the innate immune profile of dogs with coccidioidomycosis and determine if differences exist based on the extent of infection (i.e., pulmonary or disseminated). A total of 28 dogs with coccidioidomycosis (pulmonary, n = 16; disseminated, n = 12) and 10 seronegative healthy controls were enrolled. Immunologic testing was performed immediately, without ex vivo incubation (i.e., constitutive), and after coccidioidal antigen stimulation of whole blood cultures. Whole blood cultures were incubated with a phosphate-buffered solution (PBS) (negative control) or a coccidioidal antigen (rCTS1 (105-310); 10 µg/mL) for 24 h. A validated canine-specific multiplex bead-based assay was used to measure 12 cytokines in plasma and cell culture supernatant. Serum C-reactive protein (CRP) was measured with an ELISA assay. Leukocyte expression of toll-like receptors (TLRs)2 and TLR4 was measured using flow cytometry. Dogs with coccidioidomycosis had higher constitutive plasma keratinocyte chemotactic (KC)-like concentrations (p = 0.02) and serum CRP concentrations compared to controls (p < 0.001). Moreover, dogs with pulmonary coccidioidomycosis had higher serum CRP concentrations than those with dissemination (p = 0.001). Peripheral blood leukocytes from dogs with coccidioidomycosis produced higher concentrations of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α (p = 0.0003), interleukin (IL)-6 (p = 0.04), interferon (IFN)-γ (p = 0.03), monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 (p = 0.02), IL-10 (p = 0.02), and lower IL-8 (p = 0.003) in supernatants following coccidioidal antigen stimulation when compared to those from control dogs. There was no detectable difference between dogs with pulmonary and disseminated disease. No differences in constitutive or stimulated leukocyte TLR2 and TLR4 expression were found. These results provide information about the constitutive and coccidioidal antigen-specific stimulated immune profile in dogs with naturally acquired coccidioidomycosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared A. Jaffey
- Department of Specialty Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Lisa F. Shubitz
- Valley Fever Center for Excellence, College of Medicine-Tucson, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Michael D. L. Johnson
- Department of Immunobiology, Valley Fever Center for Excellence, BIO5 Institute, Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona, College of Medicine-Tucson, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Charlotte A. Bolch
- Office of Research and Sponsored Programs, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
| | - Anderson da Cunha
- Department of Specialty Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
| | - Ashlesh K. Murthy
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
| | - Brina S. Lopez
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
| | - Ross Monasky
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
| | - Imani Carswell
- Department of Specialty Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
| | - Justine Spiker
- Department of Specialty Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
| | - Miranda J. Neubert
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Medicine-Tucson, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Sanjay V. Menghani
- Department of Immunobiology, Medical Scientist Training Program, College of Medicine-Tucson, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
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Jaffey JA, Kreisler R, Shubitz LF, Backus RC, Hostnik ET, Wycislo KL, Monasky R, Schaffer M, Holland C. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in dogs with coccidioidomycosis and variables associated with extent of clinically evident disease. Vet Med (Auckl) 2023; 37:150-160. [PMID: 36629803 PMCID: PMC9889719 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinicopathologic variables predictive of disseminated coccidioidomycosis are known in humans but have not been explored in dogs. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin (OH)D correlates with severity of disease of various etiologies in dogs but its role in coccidioidomycosis is unknown. OBJECTIVE Determine whether serum 25(OH)D concentrations are different in dogs with coccidioidomycosis compared with healthy controls and if clinicopathologic variables are associated with extent of disease. ANIMALS Thirty-five dogs with coccidioidomycosis (pulmonary, n = 13; disseminated, n = 15; uncharacterized, n = 7), and 25 healthy control dogs. METHODS Prospective cohort study. Serum 25(OH)D and C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations were measured with modified-HPLC and a commercial ELISA kit, respectively. RESULTS There was no difference in 25(OH)D concentrations between dogs with coccidioidomycosis (median, interquartile range [IQR]; 31.9 ng/mL, 23.3-49.2) and controls (29.5 ng/mL, 25.6-40.8, P = .73). Serum 25(OH)D concentration was lower in dogs with coccidioidomycosis and IgG titers ≥1:32 than dogs with titers below this cut-off (P = .02). Dogs with IgG titers ≥1:32 were more likely to have disseminated disease (OR, 7.5; 95% CI: 1.1-68; P = .03). Serum CRP concentrations were higher in dogs with IgG titers ≥1:16 (median, IQR; 4474.8 ng/mL, 2885.8-8236.1) than in those below this cut-off (151.2 ng/mL, 30.4-2907.3; P = .02). There was a significant inverse association between serum 25(OH)D and CRP at 25(OH)D concentrations ≤33 ng/mL. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Serum 25(OH)D concentration was lower for dogs with IgG titers ≥1:32, indicating a potential association between semi-quantitative titers and 25(OH)D concentrations in dogs with coccidioidomycosis. IgG titers ≥1:32 yielded higher odds of disseminated disease, but was inadequate as a standalone test to determine form of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared A. Jaffey
- Department of Specialty MedicineMidwestern University College of Veterinary MedicineGlendaleArizonaUSA
| | - Rachael Kreisler
- Department of Primary Care, Shelter, and Community MedicineMidwestern University College of Veterinary MedicineGlendaleArizonaUSA
| | - Lisa F. Shubitz
- Valley Fever Center for ExcellenceUniversity of Arizona College of Medicine‐TucsonTucsonArizonaUSA
| | - Robert C. Backus
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Health CenterUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA
| | - Eric T. Hostnik
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary MedicineThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Kathryn L. Wycislo
- Department of PathologyMidwestern University College of Veterinary MedicineGlendaleArizonaUSA
| | - Ross Monasky
- Department of Specialty MedicineMidwestern University College of Veterinary MedicineGlendaleArizonaUSA
| | - Magen Schaffer
- Department of Specialty MedicineMidwestern University College of Veterinary MedicineGlendaleArizonaUSA
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Carvajal JL, Kim SE. Serum acute-phase protein concentrations following uncomplicated total hip arthroplasty in dogs. Vet Surg 2023; 52:81-86. [PMID: 36148894 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.13894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To establish preoperative and postoperative serum C reactive protein (CRP) and serum amyloid A (SAA) levels in dogs undergoing uncomplicated total hip arthroplasty (THA). STUDY DESIGN Prospective clinical trial. ANIMALS Eighteen client-owned dogs. METHODS Dogs undergoing THA were recruited. Serum CRP and SAA levels were measured in all dogs the day prior to surgery, and 3 and 6 months following surgery. All dogs received a physical examination and underwent radiography at each visit, and dogs with complications were excluded from the study. For continuous numeric data, histograms were generated and evaluated for normality. A 1-way repeated measures ANOVA was performed to find differences between time points. RESULTS No complications were encountered in any of the recruited dogs. Median age was 30 months (12-66), and the median bodyweight was 27.3 kg (22.3-40.2). Mean CRP concentrations in the preoperative, 3-month, and 6-month periods were 3.8 mg/L ± 4.4, 0.8 mg/L ± 1.9, and 1.4 mg/L ± 1.4, respectively. The mean SAA concentrations in the preoperative, 3-month, and 6-month periods were 13.9 mg/L ± 8.8, 14.1 mg/L ± 12.6, and 18.4 mg/L ± 15.1, respectively. There were no differences for each parameter between time points. CONCLUSION C-reactive protein and SAA levels were consistent with levels previously established for noninflammatory and normal conditions in dogs. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Postoperative CRP and SAA concentrations were low by 3 months following uncomplicated THA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose L Carvajal
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Stanley E Kim
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Ambrosini YM, Piedra‐Mora C, Jennings S, Webster CRL. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and C-reactive protein and plasma von Willebrand concentrations in 23 dogs with chronic hepatopathies. J Vet Intern Med 2022; 36:966-975. [PMID: 35420222 PMCID: PMC9151486 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)VD) and C-reactive protein (CRP) and von Willebrand's factor (vWF) concentration correlate with histopathologic disease grade and stage in chronic inflammatory and fibrotic hepatopathies (CH) in humans. OBJECTIVES To evaluate serum 25(OH)VD and serum CRP concentrations and plasma vWF concentration and determine if they correlate with histopathologic and biochemical variables in dog with CH. ANIMALS Twenty-three client-owned dogs with a histopathologic diagnosis of CH were prospectively enrolled. METHODS Blood samples were collected before liver biopsy. Correlations between biomarkers and clinical pathological and histopathologic variables were evaluated using Pearson's or Spearman's test. RESULTS Serum 25(OH)VD concentration (median, 213 nmol/L; range, 42-527 nmol/L) was negatively correlated with serum aspartate aminotransferase activity (AST; rho = -0.59, P < .01), polymorphonuclear neutrophil count (PMN; r = -0.46, P < .05), and positively correlated with serum albumin concentration (r = 0.69, P < .001). Serum CRP concentration (median, 7.4 μg/L; range, 1-44.9 μg/L) was positively correlated with overall histopathologic necroinflammatory activity (r = 0.78, P < .001) and fibrosis score (rho = 0.49, P < .05). Plasma vWF concentration (median, 73.3%; range, 15-141%) was positively correlated with fibrosis score (r = 0.53, P < .05) and prothrombin time (rho = 0.67, P < .01), and negatively correlated with serum albumin concentration (r = -0.73, P < .001). CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE In dogs with CH, serum 25(OH)VD concentration was negatively correlated with disease activity, whereas serum CRP concentration and plasma vWF concentration were positively correlated with histopathologic grade and stage. Our results provide preliminary evidence that these biomarkers may be useful to assess grade and stage of CH in dogs in the absence of liver biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko M. Ambrosini
- Washington State UniversityPullmanWashingtonUSA
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts UniversityGraftonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Cesar Piedra‐Mora
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts UniversityGraftonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Sam Jennings
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts UniversityGraftonMassachusettsUSA
- Zoetis Reference LaboratoriesSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
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Asakawa M, Fukuzawa M, Asakawa MG, Flanders JA. Preoperative serum C-reactive protein concentration can be used to detect gallbladder rupture in dogs with gallbladder mucocele. Am J Vet Res 2022; 83:23-32. [PMID: 34757924 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.21.09.0141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether serum C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration could be used to detect gallbladder rupture (GBR) prior to surgery in dogs undergoing cholecystectomy for treatment of gallbladder mucocele (GBM). ANIMALS 45 dogs that underwent cholecystectomy because of GBM at a companion animal referral hospital from 2017 to 2020. PROCEDURES Electronic medical records were reviewed, and dogs were included if serum CRP concentration had been measured within 24 hours prior to cholecystectomy. Dogs were grouped as to whether the gallbladder was found to be ruptured or intact during surgery. Accuracy of using preoperative CRP concentration to predict GBR was compared with accuracy of abdominal ultrasonography and other preoperative blood tests. RESULTS GBR was present in 15 dogs at the time of surgery. Median preoperative CRP concentration was significantly higher in dogs with GBR (15.1 mg/dL; interquartile range, 7.4 to 16.8 mg/dL) than in dogs with an intact gallbladder (2.65 mg/dL; interquartile range, 0.97 to 13.4 mg/dL). Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of using preoperative CRP concentration to predict GBR were 100%, 67%, and 78%, respectively. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Measurement of preoperative CRP concentration provided excellent sensitivity and moderate specificity for detection of GBR in dogs undergoing cholecystectomy because of GBM. Accuracy of using preoperative CRP concentration for detection of GBR was not superior to the accuracy of preoperative abdominal ultrasonography. However, when CRP concentration was combined with results of ultrasonography, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for detection of GBR were 100%, 93%, and 96%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Asakawa
- 1Veterinary Specialists Emergency Center, Saitama Prefecture, Japan
| | - Mayuko Fukuzawa
- 1Veterinary Specialists Emergency Center, Saitama Prefecture, Japan
| | | | - James A Flanders
- 2Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
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Varney JL, Fowler JW, Coon CN. Undenatured type II collagen mitigates inflammation and cartilage degeneration in healthy Labrador Retrievers during an exercise regimen. Transl Anim Sci 2021; 5:txab084. [PMID: 34124592 PMCID: PMC8191485 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txab084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of undenatured type II collagen supplementation on inflammation and cartilage degeneration after exercise in healthy dogs. Forty healthy Labrador Retrievers (20 male/20 female; range 5-12 yr; average 8 yr) were sorted into two groups: undenatured type II collagen group receiving 40 mg UC-II (10 mg collagen type II/min. 3% undenatured type II collagen; Lonza Consumer Health, Inc.) and placebo group receiving 40 mg maltodextrin daily by capsule. After 2-wk loading, all dogs began an 11-wk endurance exercise regimen consisting of two weekly runs, starting at 5 km and increasing incrementally to 8 km, with one final 16 km run. Blood samples were collected at baseline, pre and post first 5 km run, and pre- and post-16 km run. Activity per kilometer was greater in male undenatured type II collagen vs. male placebo over all runs (P = 0.004), and average moving speed was greater in all undenatured type II collagen dogs compared with placebo over all runs (P < 0.001). Hematology analysis indicated that during the first insult, undenatured type II collagen dogs had a greater lymphocyte count (P < 0.001) and lymphocyte percentage (P = 0.001) vs. placebo dogs. Undenatured type II collagen dogs had a lesser neutrophil percentage (P = 0.042) and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratios (P = 0.001) compared to placebo dogs. For the final insult, undenatured type II collagen dogs had greater lymphocyte percentage (P = 0.013) and lesser mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (P = 0.043) compared with placebo dogs. Both groups had significant changes between timepoints for several hematological parameters. Biomarker IL-6 was lesser in undenatured type II collagen dogs compared with placebo at post 5 km (P = 0.037). Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) was lesser in undenatured type II collagen dogs at post 16 km (P = 0.023), and only the placebo dogs had a significant increase in COMP from pre to post 16 km (P = 0.021). In summary, Labrador Retrievers supplemented with undenatured type II collagen had decreased inflammation and cartilage degeneration compared with nonsupplemented dogs during exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Varney
- Four Rivers Kennel, LLC, Walker, MO 64790, USA
| | - J W Fowler
- Four Rivers Kennel, LLC, Walker, MO 64790, USA
| | - C N Coon
- Four Rivers Kennel, LLC, Walker, MO 64790, USA
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Canonne AM, Menard M, Maurey C, Benchrekroun G, Fernandes Rodrigues N, Billen F, Clercx C. Comparison of C-reactive protein concentrations in dogs with Bordetella bronchiseptica infection and aspiration bronchopneumonia. J Vet Intern Med 2021; 35:1519-1524. [PMID: 33709444 PMCID: PMC8163113 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND C-reactive protein (CRP) is a well-known acute-phase protein in dogs that may discriminate bacterial bronchopneumonia from other pulmonary conditions. Bronchopneumonia caused by Bordetella bronchiseptica (Bb) is common but the associated increase in CRP concentration in naturally infected dogs has not been fully explored. OBJECTIVE To compare CRP concentrations of dogs with Bb infection, with or without radiographic pulmonary lesions, to dogs with aspiration bronchopneumonia (ABP). ANIMALS Sixteen dogs with Bb infection and 36 dogs with ABP. METHODS Retrospective study. C-reactive protein concentrations and thoracic radiographs were available for each dog. RESULTS Eleven dogs with Bb infection had alveolar lesions. In all dogs, CRP concentration was mildly increased (14-38 mg/L). In the 5 dogs without alveolar lesions, CRP concentration was within the reference range in all but 1 dog, in which it was slightly increased. Median CRP concentration was significantly higher in dogs with alveolar lesions (20 mg/L) compared with dogs without alveolar lesions (5 mg/L; p < .002). In dogs with Bb infection, median duration of clinical signs was not different between dogs with normal CRP concentration and dogs with increased concentration. In dogs with Bb infection either with or without alveolar lessions, median CRP concentration was significantly lower (20 mg/L) than in dogs with ABP (118 mg/L; p < .001). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE In contrast to dogs with APB, CRP was not a good marker for the diagnosis of dogs suspected to have bordetellosis. Confirmation of Bb infection still requires lower airway sampling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aude Morgane Canonne
- Department of Medicine, Ecole nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort, Univ Paris Est Créteil, Maisons-Alfort, France.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Maud Menard
- Department of Medicine, Ecole nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort, Univ Paris Est Créteil, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Christelle Maurey
- Department of Medicine, Ecole nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort, Univ Paris Est Créteil, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Ghita Benchrekroun
- Department of Medicine, Ecole nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort, Univ Paris Est Créteil, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Nina Fernandes Rodrigues
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Frédéric Billen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Cecile Clercx
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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11
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Trub SA, Bush WW, Paek M, Cuff DE. Use of C-reactive protein concentration in evaluation of diskospondylitis in dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2020; 35:209-216. [PMID: 33319417 PMCID: PMC7848344 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background C‐reactive protein (CRP) is a positive acute phase protein that increases in many inflammatory conditions of dogs. Serum CRP concentration has important diagnostic and prognostic utility in humans with vertebral osteomyelitis. Hypothesis/objectives To determine if a correlation exists between serum CRP concentration and clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in dogs with diskospondylitis, and if CRP predicts prognosis. Animals Eighteen client‐owned dogs with MRI diagnosis of diskospondylitis. Methods Retrospective study evaluating signalment, clinical signs, neurologic examination findings, white blood cell count, neutrophil count, serum globulin concentration, serum CRP concentration, radiographic findings, MRI findings, bacterial culture results, and outcome in dogs with diskospondylitis. Results Serum CRP concentration was significantly more sensitive than were fever and leukocytosis for predicting the presence of diskospondylitis. Serum CRP concentration was more sensitive than neutrophilia and hyperglobulinemia. No difference in serum CRP concentration was found between dogs with single or multiple lesions, nor between dogs with or without empyema, muscular involvement or spinal cord compression. No association was found between serum CRP concentration and positive bacterial culture. Conclusions and Clinical Importance C‐reactive protein is a sensitive, but nonspecific biomarker for diskospondylitis which may prove useful as an adjunctive diagnostic test in patients with suspicious clinical signs and may help predict prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Trub
- Bush Veterinary Neurology Service, Leesburg, Virginia, USA.,Synergy Veterinary Imaging Partners, Columbia, Maryland, USA.,Bush Veterinary Neurology Service, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - William W Bush
- Bush Veterinary Neurology Service, Leesburg, Virginia, USA.,Synergy Veterinary Imaging Partners, Columbia, Maryland, USA.,Bush Veterinary Neurology Service, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Matthew Paek
- Bush Veterinary Neurology Service, Leesburg, Virginia, USA.,Synergy Veterinary Imaging Partners, Columbia, Maryland, USA.,Bush Veterinary Neurology Service, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Daniel E Cuff
- Bush Veterinary Neurology Service, Leesburg, Virginia, USA.,Synergy Veterinary Imaging Partners, Columbia, Maryland, USA.,Bush Veterinary Neurology Service, Rockville, Maryland, USA
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12
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Nye G, Liebel FX, Harcourt-Brown T. C-reactive protein in dogs with suspected bacterial diskospondylitis: 16 cases (2010-2019). Vet Rec Open 2020; 7:e000386. [PMID: 32704377 PMCID: PMC7373310 DOI: 10.1136/vetreco-2019-000386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives C-reactive protein (CRP) is an acute phase protein used in multiple canine inflammatory conditions including steroid responsive meningitis-arteritis, immune-mediated polyarthritis and bronchopneumonia. The aim of this study was to assess whether serum CRP is elevated in cases of diskospondylitis. Methods Medical records from 2010 to 2019 were searched to identify dogs diagnosed with diskospondylitis based on findings consistent on CT or MRI and with CRP tested. Results A total of 16 dogs met the inclusion criteria. All cases had back pain. Fourteen cases had elevated CRP, with a median value of 100.7 mg/l (reference range for CRP values: 0-10 mg/l), 12 were pyrexic and six had leucocytosis. The two dogs with normal CRP were normothermic and did not have leucocytosis. CRP was measured four to six weeks into antimicrobial treatment in eight of 14 dogs and was normal in all cases. One dog developed a suspected bacterial empyema diagnosed on MRI; this occurred two weeks after antibiotic treatment was discontinued based on a normal CRP level at follow-up. Conclusions Serum CRP is elevated in cases of diskospondylitis and may be clinically more useful to screen dogs with back pain than pyrexia or leucocytosis alone. Further long-term clinical evaluation in a prospective study is needed to assess its use as a treatment monitoring tool and in decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Nye
- School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol Faculty of Medical and Veterinary Sciences, Bristol, Somerset, UK
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13
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Yuki M, Kainuma D, Naitoh E, Aoyama R, Hirano T. Resolution of reactive arthritis after splenectomy in a dog with a nonneoplastic splenic hyperplastic nodule. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2020; 255:939-941. [PMID: 31573868 DOI: 10.2460/javma.255.8.939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
CASE DESCRIPTION A 10-year-old spayed female Golden Retriever was examined because of a 3-month history of lethargy, anorexia, and stumbling gait. CLINICAL FINDINGS A splenic mass was identified on abdominal radiography and ultrasonography, and results of clinicopathologic findings indicated nonregenerative anemia, leukocytosis, and high serum C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration. To further investigate the cause of the dog's high serum CRP concentration, radiography and arthrocentesis were performed bilaterally on the carpal and stifle joints. On the basis of results, anemia of chronic disease associated with polyarthritis caused by the localized splenic mass was suspected. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME After splenectomy, there were improvements in the dog's clinical signs, polyarthritis, nonregenerative anemia, and serum CRP concentration. The splenic mass was histologically diagnosed as a nonneoplastic splenic hyperplastic nodule with evidence of omental adhesion. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Findings indicated that nonneoplastic splenic hyperplastic nodules could result in reactive polyarthritis, although such nodules have not to our knowledge been described previously as an underlying cause of polyarthritis. Therefore, veterinarians should investigate for nonneoplastic splenic hyperplastic nodules in addition to other typical underlying causes when treating dogs with polyarthritis.
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14
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Hindenberg S, Bauer N, Moritz A. Extremely high canine C-reactive protein concentrations > 100 mg/l - prevalence, etiology and prognostic significance. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:147. [PMID: 32434519 PMCID: PMC7237877 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02367-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In human medicine, extremely high CRP (C-reactive protein) concentrations > 100 mg/l are indicators of bacterial infection and the need of antibiotic treatment. Similar decision limits for septic pneumonia are recommended for dogs but have not yet been evaluated for other organ systems. The aim of the retrospective study was to investigate the prevalence and evaluate dogs with CRP concentrations > 100 mg/l regarding the underlying etiology, the affected organ system and the prognostic significance. RESULTS Prevalence of CRP > 100 mg/l was investigated in dogs presented between 2014 and 2015 and was 12%. For evaluation of etiology and organ systems, dogs with CRP > 100 mg/l presented between 2014 and 2016 were enrolled. Dogs were classified into 4 main disease categories, i.e. inflammatory, neoplastic, tissue damage or "diverse". Diseases were assigned to the affected organ system. If an organ classification was not possible, dogs were classified as "multiple". 147 dogs with CRP 101-368 mg/l were included and classified into disease categories: 86/147 (59%) with inflammatory etiology (among these, 23/86 non-infectious, 44/86 infectious (33/44 bacterial), 19/86 inflammation non-classifiable), 31/147 (21%) tissue damage, 17/147 (12%) neoplastic (all malignant) and 13/147 (9%) diverse diseases. The affected organ systems included 57/147 (39%) multiple, 30/147 (20%) trauma, 21/147 (14%) gastrointestinal tract, 10/147 (7%) musculoskeletal system, 8/147 (5%) respiratory tract, 7/147 (5%) urinary/reproductive tract, 6/147 (4%) skin/subcutis/ear, 6/147 (4%) central/peripheral nervous system and 2/147 (1%) heart. The disease group (p = 0.081) or organ system (p = 0.17) did not have an impact on CRP. Based on CRP, a detection of bacterial infection was not possible. The prognostic significance was investigated by determining the 3-months survival and hospitalization rate in a subgroup with known outcome. The 3-months survival rate was 46/73 (63%) while the majority 66/73 (90%) of patients was hospitalized. CONCLUSIONS CRP concentrations > 100 mg/l are occasionally seen in a clinic population. They indicate a severe systemic disease of various etiologies with guarded prognosis. Extremely high CRP concentrations do not allow a conclusion of the underlying etiology or an identification of bacterial inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Hindenberg
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Clinical Pathology and Clinical Pathophysiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Frankfurter Str. 114, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Natali Bauer
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Clinical Pathology and Clinical Pathophysiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Frankfurter Str. 114, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Andreas Moritz
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Clinical Pathology and Clinical Pathophysiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Frankfurter Str. 114, 35392, Giessen, Germany
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15
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Kitanaka N, Nakano R, Sugiura K, Kitanaka T, Namba S, Konno T, Nakayama T, Sugiya H. Interleukin-1β promotes interleulin-6 expression via ERK1/2 signaling pathway in canine dermal fibroblasts. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220262. [PMID: 31344106 PMCID: PMC6658082 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a pleiotropic cytokine involved in the regulation of the immune response and inflammation. In this study, we investigated effect of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) on IL-6 expression in canine dermal fibroblasts. IL-1β induced IL-6 mRNA expression and protein release in a time- and dose-dependent manner. When cells were treated with inhibitors of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) inhibitor FR180240 inhibited IL-1β-induced IL-6 mRNA expression, but not SP600125 or SKF86002, which are c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 MAPK inhibitors, respectively. In cells treated with U0126, an inhibitor of MAPK/ERK kinase (MEK), which activates ERK, IL-1β-induced IL-6 mRNA expression was also inhibited. IL-1β stimulated ERK1/2 phosphorylation. In cells transfected with ERK1 and ERK2 isoform siRNAs, IL-1β-induced IL-6 mRNA expression was reduced. These observations suggest that IL-1β induces IL-6 expression via ERK1/2 signaling pathway in canine dermal fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanako Kitanaka
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, Nihon University College of Bioresource Sciences, Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Rei Nakano
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, Nihon University College of Bioresource Sciences, Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
- Laboratory for Cellular Function Conversion Technology, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kanae Sugiura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, Nihon University College of Bioresource Sciences, Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Taku Kitanaka
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, Nihon University College of Bioresource Sciences, Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shinichi Namba
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, Nihon University College of Bioresource Sciences, Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tadayoshi Konno
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, Nihon University College of Bioresource Sciences, Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Nakayama
- Laboratory of Veterinary Radiotherapy, Nihon University College of Bioresource Sciences, Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sugiya
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, Nihon University College of Bioresource Sciences, Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
- * E-mail:
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16
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Tamamoto T, Nagao A, Sugano M. Detection of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies in dogs with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2018; 203:47-51. [PMID: 30243372 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) is a type of autoantibody against neutrophil cytoplasm. In veterinary medicine, few studies have reported the detection of ANCA in dogs, and most of these studies were performed in dogs with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The aim of this study was to evaluate whether ANCA is detected in dogs with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) other than IBD. Serum samples were collected before treatment initiation from 40 client-owned dogs with various diseases and 22 healthy beagle dogs; the dogs were classified into two groups: IMID group (n = 16) and control group (n = 46). ANCA was detected using the indirect fluorescent antibody test. Of the 16 dogs in the IMID group, 13 (81.3%) tested positive for ANCA. In contrast, of the 46 dogs in the control group, 13 (28.03%) tested positive for ANCA. Moreover, a significant association between ANCA positivity and IMIDs was identified in the IMID group than in the control group (P = 0.0003). In the control group, however, dogs with bacterial infection showed a relatively high rate of ANCA positivity. Therefore, ANCA positivity was observed in dogs with both IMIDs and bacterial infection. This suggested that ANCA positivity is associated with diseases accompanied by neutrophil activation and infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Tamamoto
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582 Bunkyodai-Midorimachi, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, 069-8501, Japan.
| | - Aki Nagao
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582 Bunkyodai-Midorimachi, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, 069-8501, Japan
| | - Mizuki Sugano
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582 Bunkyodai-Midorimachi, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, 069-8501, Japan
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17
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Ceron JJ, Pardo-Marin L, Caldin M, Furlanello T, Solano-Gallego L, Tecles F, Bernal L, Baneth G, Martinez-Subiela S. Use of acute phase proteins for the clinical assessment and management of canine leishmaniosis: general recommendations. BMC Vet Res 2018; 14:196. [PMID: 29925385 PMCID: PMC6011270 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1524-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dogs with canine leishmaniosis (CanL) due to Leishmania infantum can show a wide spectrum of clinical and clinicopathological findings at the time of diagnosis. The aim of this paper is to describe the possible application of acute phase proteins (APPs) for the characterization and management of this disease, based on previously published information on the utility of APPs in CanL and the experience of the authors in using APPs as analytes in the profiling of canine diseases. MAIN BODY Dogs diagnosed with L. infantum infection by serology, polymerase chain reaction, cytological or histopathological identification, can be divided into three groups based on their clinical condition at physical examination and their APPs concentrations: Group 1: dogs with no clinical signs on physical examination and APPs in reference range; Group 2: dogs with changes in APPs but no clinical signs on physical examination; Group 3: dogs with clinical signs and changes in APPs. This report describes the main characteristics of each group as well as its association with the clinical classification schemes of CanL. CONCLUSION APPs concentration can be a useful clinical tool to characterize and manage CanL.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Ceron
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
| | - L Pardo-Marin
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - M Caldin
- San Marco Veterinary Clinic, Veggiano, Padova, Italy
| | - T Furlanello
- San Marco Veterinary Clinic, Veggiano, Padova, Italy
| | - L Solano-Gallego
- Animal Medicine and Surgery Department, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Valles, Spain
| | - F Tecles
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - L Bernal
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - G Baneth
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebrew University, Rehovot, Israel
| | - S Martinez-Subiela
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
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18
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Raghu C, Ekena J, Cullen JM, Webb CB, Trepanier LA. Evaluation of potential serum biomarkers of hepatic fibrosis and necroinflammatory activity in dogs with liver disease. J Vet Intern Med 2018; 32:1009-1018. [PMID: 29485210 PMCID: PMC5980386 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Serum interleukin 6 (IL‐6), chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), C‐reactive protein (CRP), and the ratio of aspartate transaminase to alanine transaminase (AST:ALT) have been correlated with fibrosis and necroinflammatory activity in humans with various hepatopathies. Hypothesis/Objectives To determine whether increases in serum IL‐6, CCL2, CRP, or AST:ALT were associated with moderate to severe fibrosis or necroinflammatory activity in dogs with various hepatopathies. Animals Forty‐four client‐owned dogs with clinical evidence of liver disease and 10 healthy purpose‐bred dogs, all undergoing liver biopsies by laparoscopy or laparotomy. Methods Measurement of serum IL‐6, CCL2, CRP, AST, and ALT before scheduled liver biopsy and evaluation of liver histopathology using the METAVIR scoring system used in human medicine, blinded to clinical presentation. Results Median serum IL‐6 was approximately twice as high in dogs with high fibrosis scores (15.5 pg/mL; range, 1.4 to 235 pg/mL) compared to dogs with low fibrosis scores (7.6 pg/mL; range, 1.4 to 148.1 pg/mL), with marginal significance (P = .05). Median serum CCL2 was significantly higher in dogs with active necroinflammation (444 pg/mL; range, 144 to 896 pg/mL) compared to dogs without detectable necroinflammation (326 pg/mL; range, 59 to 1692 pg/mL; P = .008), but with considerable overlap between groups. Neither serum CRP nor AST:ALT ratios were significantly different based on fibrosis or necroinflammatory scores. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Because of substantial variability among dogs, single measurements of IL‐6 and CCL2 have limited diagnostic utility for identifying fibrosis or necroinflammation, respectively, in dogs with various chronic liver diseases. The value of these biomarkers should be explored further in monitoring response to treatment in individual dogs with chronic hepatopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantel Raghu
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Joanne Ekena
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - John M Cullen
- Department of Public Health and Pathobiology, North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Craig B Webb
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Lauren A Trepanier
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
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19
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Severo JS, Santana AE, Aoki V, Michalany NS, Mantovani MM, Larsson CE, Larsson CE. Evaluation of C-reactive protein as an inflammatory marker of pemphigus foliaceus and superficial pyoderma in dogs. Vet Dermatol 2017; 29:128-e51. [PMID: 29168248 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND C-reactive protein (CRP) is a major acute phase protein in dogs and may be an inflammatory marker of autoimmune diseases. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES To measure pre- and post-treatment CRP levels in dogs with superficial pyoderma (SP) and pemphigus foliaceus (PF) compared to normal dogs; to evaluate possible correlation between CRP values, indirect immunofluorescence (IIF), and pemphigus foliaceus extent and severity index (PEFESI) scores. ANIMALS Fifty nine dogs divided into three groups: Group I (control, n = 31), Group II (SP, n = 14) and Group III (PF, n = 14). METHODS CRP levels were measured in Group I dogs. Skin biopsies of Groups II and III dogs were obtained for histopathological examination. In Group II dogs, CRP levels were measured at days 0, 15, 30 and 60. In Group III dogs were evaluated by PEFESI, IIF and CRP levels at days 0, 15, 30, 60 and 90. RESULTS Group III showed a higher median CRP (37.4 mg/mL) compared to the other groups (Group I, CRP 2.9 mg/mL, P < 0.0001; Group II CRP 3.8 mg/mL, P = 0.008). There was no significant difference in CRP levels between groups I and II. IIF titres and CRP levels decreased in most cases of PF with clinical improvement. Dogs with CRP >10.6 μg/mL were 5.5 times more likely to have PF than SP. There was a strong positive correlation between CRP values and PEFESI and a weak positive correlation between CRP values and IIF titres. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE CRP levels are increased in dogs with PF and exceed levels found in most dogs with SP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia So Severo
- Department of Clinical Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Orlando M. Paiva, 87, São Paulo, SP, 05508-270, Brazil
| | - Aline Elisa Santana
- Department of Clinical Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Orlando M. Paiva, 87, São Paulo, SP, 05508-270, Brazil
| | - Valeria Aoki
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Eneas C. Aguiar, 255, São Paulo, SP, 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Nilceo S Michalany
- Dermatopathology Laboratory of São Paulo, Av. Brig. Luis Antônio, 4315, São Paulo, SP, 01401-002, Brazil
| | - Matheus Matioli Mantovani
- Department of Clinical Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Orlando M. Paiva, 87, São Paulo, SP, 05508-270, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo Larsson
- Department of Clinical Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Orlando M. Paiva, 87, São Paulo, SP, 05508-270, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo Larsson
- Department of Clinical Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Orlando M. Paiva, 87, São Paulo, SP, 05508-270, Brazil
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20
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Bremer HD, Hillström A, Kånåhols M, Hagman R, Hansson-Hamlin H. Serum C-reactive protein concentrations in Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retrievers with immune-mediated rheumatic disease. Acta Vet Scand 2017; 59:21. [PMID: 28416005 PMCID: PMC5392944 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-017-0289-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retrievers (NSDTRs) are a dog breed often affected by immune-mediated rheumatic disease (IMRD), a disorder characterised by chronic stiffness and joint pain. Most, but not all, dogs with IMRD, have antinuclear antibodies (ANA), which are also commonly present in the autoimmune disease systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The clinical and diagnostic findings of IMRD indicate that it is an SLE-related disorder. C-reactive protein (CRP), an acute phase protein, is a quantitative marker of inflammation for many diseases and is used for diagnosing and monitoring systemic inflammation in both humans and dogs. However, in human SLE, CRP concentrations are often elevated but correlate poorly with disease activity; they can be low in individual patients with active disease. The aim of the study was to investigate CRP in a group of NSDTRs with the SLE-related disorder IMRD. The hypothesis was that CRP concentrations would be increased in dogs with IMRD compared to healthy dogs, but that the increase would be mild. Serum CRP concentrations were measured in 18 IMRD-affected NSDTRs and 19 healthy control NSDTRs using two different canine-specific CRP assays. Dogs with IMRD and ANA had higher CRP concentrations than the control dogs, but the concentrations were below the clinical decision limit for systemic inflammation for most of the IMRD dogs. These results indicate that CRP concentrations were increased in dogs with IMRD and ANA, but the increase was mild, similar to what has been observed in human SLE.
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Tan WM, Lau SF, Ajat M, Mansor R, Abd Rani PAM, Rahmad NB. Proteomic Analysis of Synovial Fluid Obtained From a Dog Diagnosed With Idiopathic Immune-Mediated Polyarthritis. Top Companion Anim Med 2017; 32:24-27. [DOI: 10.1053/j.tcam.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Shaughnessy ML, Sample SJ, Abicht C, Heaton C, Muir P. Clinical features and pathological joint changes in dogs with erosive immune-mediated polyarthritis: 13 cases (2004-2012). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2016; 249:1156-1164. [PMID: 27823373 PMCID: PMC5332147 DOI: 10.2460/javma.249.10.1156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the clinical features and pathological joint changes in dogs with erosive immune-mediated polyarthritis (IMPA). DESIGN Retrospective case series. ANIMALS 13 dogs with erosive IMPA and 66 dogs with nonerosive IMPA. PROCEDURES The medical record database of a veterinary teaching hospital was reviewed to identify dogs with IMPA that were examined between October 2004 and December 2012. For each IMPA-affected dog, information extracted from the medical record included signalment, diagnostic test results, radiographic findings, and treatments administered. Dogs were classified as having erosive IMPA if review of radiographs revealed the presence of bone lysis in multiple joints, and descriptive data were generated for those dogs. All available direct smears of synovial fluid samples underwent cytologic evaluation. The synovial fluid total nucleated cell count and WBC differential count were estimated and compared between dogs with erosive IMPA and dogs with nonerosive IMPA. RESULTS 13 of 79 (16%) dogs had erosive IMPA. Dogs with erosive IMPA had a mean ± SD age of 7.1 ± 2.4 years and body weight of 8.3 ± 3.4 kg (18.3 ± 7.5 lb). All 13 dogs had erosive lesions in their carpal joints. The estimated median synovial fluid lymphocyte count for dogs with erosive IMPA was significantly greater than that for dogs with nonerosive IMPA. All dogs received immunosuppressive therapy with leflunomide (n = 9), prednisone (3), or prednisone-azathioprine (1). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated erosive IMPA most commonly affected the carpal joints of middle-aged small-breed dogs. Further genetic analyses and analysis of lymphocyte-subsets are warranted for dogs with erosive IMPA.
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Hillström A, Bylin J, Hagman R, Björhall K, Tvedten H, Königsson K, Fall T, Kjelgaard-Hansen M. Measurement of serum C-reactive protein concentration for discriminating between suppurative arthritis and osteoarthritis in dogs. BMC Vet Res 2016; 12:240. [PMID: 27793205 PMCID: PMC5084410 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-016-0868-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In a dog with joint pain, it is important to determine whether it has suppurative joint disease, characterized by exudation of neutrophils in the synovial fluid, or not, as this affects choice of diagnostic tests and treatments. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether measurement of serum C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration could be used to discriminate between dogs with suppurative arthritis and osteoarthritis (OA). Furthermore, the concentrations of serum and synovial fluid interleukin (IL) 6 concentrations were measured in dogs with joint disease and in healthy dogs, and were correlated to serum CRP concentrations. Methods Dogs with joint pain were enrolled prospectively and were classified to have suppurative arthritis or OA based on synovial fluid analysis and radiographic/arthroscopic findings. Healthy Beagles were enrolled as a comparative group. CRP and IL-6 concentrations were measured with canine-specific immunoassays. The performance of CRP concentration in discriminating between dogs with suppurative arthritis and OA was evaluated using a previously established clinical decision limit for CRP (20 mg/l), and by receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve and logistic regression analysis. Comparisons of CRP and IL-6 concentrations between groups were performed using t-tests, and correlations by Spearman rank correlation coefficients. Results Samples were obtained from 31 dogs with suppurative arthritis, 34 dogs with OA, and 17 healthy dogs. Sixty-two out of 65 dogs with joint disease were correctly classified using the clinical decision limit for CRP. Evaluation of ROC curve and regression analysis indicated that serum CRP concentrations could discriminate between suppurative arthritis and OA. Dogs with suppurative arthritis had higher serum CRP and serum and synovial fluid IL-6 concentrations compared to dogs with OA (p < 0.001). Dogs with OA had higher synovial fluid IL-6 concentrations (p < 0.001), but not higher serum CRP (p = 0.29) or serum IL-6 (p = 0.07) concentrations, compared to healthy dogs. There was a positive correlation between synovial fluid IL-6 and serum CRP concentrations (rs = 0.733, p < 0.001), and between serum IL-6 and serum CRP concentrations (rs = 0.729, p < 0.001). Conclusion CRP concentration was found to discriminate well between dogs with suppurative arthritis and OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Hillström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Jonas Bylin
- Evidensia Södra Djursjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ragnvi Hagman
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karin Björhall
- Department of Translational Sciences, RIA IMed, AstraZeneca R&D Mölndal, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Harold Tvedten
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Tove Fall
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Safra N, Hitchens PL, Maverakis E, Mitra A, Korff C, Johnson E, Kol A, Bannasch MJ, Pedersen NC, Bannasch DL. Serum levels of innate immunity cytokines are elevated in dogs with metaphyseal osteopathy (hypertrophic osteodytrophy) during active disease and remission. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2016; 179:32-5. [PMID: 27590423 PMCID: PMC5570445 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Metaphyseal osteopathy (MO) (hypertrophic osteodystrophy) is a developmental disorder of unexplained etiology affecting dogs during rapid growth. Affected dogs experience relapsing episodes of lytic/sclerotic metaphyseal lesions and systemic inflammation. MO is rare in the general dog population; however, some breeds (Weimaraner, Great Dane and Irish Setter) have a much higher incidence, supporting a hereditary etiology. Autoinflammatory childhood disorders of parallel presentation such as chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO), and deficiency of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (DIRA), involve impaired innate immunity pathways and aberrant cytokine production. Given the similarities between these diseases, we hypothesize that MO is an autoinflammatory disease mediated by cytokines involved in innate immunity. To characterize immune dysregulation in MO dogs we measured serum levels of inflammatory markers in 26 MO and 102 control dogs. MO dogs had significantly higher levels (pg/ml) of serum Interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), IL-18, IL-6, Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), C-X-C motif chemokine 10 (CXCL10), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and IL-10. Notably, recovered MO dogs were not different from dogs during active MO disease, providing a suggestive mechanism for disease predisposition. This is the first documentation of elevated immune markers in MO dogs, uncovering an immune profile similar to comparable autoinflammatory disorders in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noa Safra
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, 1 Garrod Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Peta L Hitchens
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, 1 Garrod Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Almas Allé 8, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Emanual Maverakis
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, 3301 C Street, Sacramento, CA 95816, USA
| | - Anupam Mitra
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, 3301 C Street, Sacramento, CA 95816, USA
| | - Courtney Korff
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, 1 Garrod Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Eric Johnson
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, 1 Garrod Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Amir Kol
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, 1 Garrod Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Michael J Bannasch
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, 1 Garrod Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Niels C Pedersen
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, 1 Garrod Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Danika L Bannasch
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, 1 Garrod Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Gruen ME, Messenger KM, Thomson AE, Griffith EH, Paradise H, Vaden S, Lascelles BDX. A comparison of serum and plasma cytokine values using a multiplexed assay in cats. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2016; 182:69-73. [PMID: 27863553 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Degenerative joint disease (DJD) is highly prevalent in cats, and pain contributes to morbidity. In humans, alterations of cytokine concentrations have been associated with joint deterioration and pain. Similar changes have not been investigated in cats. Cytokine concentrations can be measured using multiplex technology with small samples of serum or plasma, however, serum and plasma are not interchangeable for most bioassays. Correlations for cytokine concentrations between serum and plasma have not been evaluated in cats. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the levels of detection and agreement between serum and plasma samples in cats. ANIMALS Paired serum and plasma samples obtained from 38 cats. METHODS Blood was collected into anti-coagulant free and EDTA Vacutainer® tubes, serum or plasma extracted, and samples frozen at -80°C until testing. Duplicate samples were tested using a 19-plex feline cytokine/chemokine magnetic bead panel. RESULTS Agreement between serum and plasma for many analytes was high, however correlation coefficients ranged from -0.01 to 0.97. Results from >50% of samples were below the lower limit of quantification for both serum and plasma for nine analytes, and for an additional three analytes for plasma only. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE While serum and plasma agreement was generally good, detection was improved using serum samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret E Gruen
- Comparative Pain Research Program, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA; Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
| | - Kristen M Messenger
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27607, Raleigh, NC, USA.
| | - Andrea E Thomson
- Comparative Pain Research Program, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA.
| | - Emily H Griffith
- Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, 2311 Stinson Drive, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
| | - Hayley Paradise
- Comparative Pain Research Program, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Shelly Vaden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27607, Raleigh, NC, USA.
| | - B D X Lascelles
- Comparative Pain Research Program, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA; Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; Center for Pain Research and Innovation, University of North Carolina School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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Murakami K, Maeda S, Yonezawa T, Matsuki N. CC chemokine ligand 2 and CXC chemokine ligand 8 as neutrophil chemoattractant factors in canine idiopathic polyarthritis. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2016; 182:52-58. [PMID: 27863550 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2016.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Canine idiopathic polyarthritis (IPA) is characterized by increased numbers of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) in the synovial fluid (SF). In humans, CC chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) and CXC chemokine ligand 8 (CXCL8) recruit monocytes and neutrophils, respectively, and are involved in various inflammatory disorders. The aim of this study was to assess the roles of these chemokines in driving PMNs infiltration into the joints of dogs with IPA. SF samples were collected from dogs with IPA (n=19) and healthy controls (n=8), and the concentrations of SF CCL2 and CXCL8 were determined by ELISA. Dogs with IPA had significantly higher concentrations of CCL2 (3316±2452pg/ml, mean±SD) and CXCL8 (3668±3879pg/ml) compared with the healthy controls (235±45pg/ml and <15.6pg/ml, respectively). Then, an in vitro chemotaxis assay was performed using a modified Boyden chamber (pore size: 3μm). SF from IPA dogs had a chemoattractant activity for PMNs that purified from the peripheral blood of a healthy dog. We subsequently found that combination treatment with MK-0812 (an antagonist of CCL2 receptor) and repertaxin (an antagonist of CXCL8 receptors) significantly inhibited the migration of PMNs to SF from IPA dogs. Thus, expression of the CCL2 receptor (chemokine (CC motif) receptor 2 (CCR2)) was examined using polymerase chain reaction and immunocytochemistry. Canine peripheral blood PMNs exhibited significantly higher CCR2 mRNA expression levels than those in monocytes. In addition, we observed strong CCR2 expression on PMNs obtained from healthy controls and IPA dogs, although mononuclear cells did not express CCR2. Taken together, the data suggest that CCL2 acts as a canine PMNs chemotactic factor as well as CXCL8 and both CCL2 and CXCL8 facilitate the infiltration of PMNs into the joints of dogs with IPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Murakami
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathobiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Shingo Maeda
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathobiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Yonezawa
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathobiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Naoaki Matsuki
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathobiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
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Muir P, Hans EC, Racette M, Volstad N, Sample SJ, Heaton C, Holzman G, Schaefer SL, Bloom DD, Bleedorn JA, Hao Z, Amene E, Suresh M, Hematti P. Autologous Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Modulate Molecular Markers of Inflammation in Dogs with Cruciate Ligament Rupture. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159095. [PMID: 27575050 PMCID: PMC5005014 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Mid-substance rupture of the canine cranial cruciate ligament rupture (CR) and associated stifle osteoarthritis (OA) is an important veterinary health problem. CR causes stifle joint instability and contralateral CR often develops. The dog is an important model for human anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture, where rupture of graft repair or the contralateral ACL is also common. This suggests that both genetic and environmental factors may increase ligament rupture risk. We investigated use of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) to reduce systemic and stifle joint inflammatory responses in dogs with CR. Twelve dogs with unilateral CR and contralateral stable partial CR were enrolled prospectively. BM-MSCs were collected during surgical treatment of the unstable CR stifle and culture-expanded. BM-MSCs were subsequently injected at a dose of 2x106 BM-MSCs/kg intravenously and 5x106 BM-MSCs by intra-articular injection of the partial CR stifle. Blood (entry, 4 and 8 weeks) and stifle synovial fluid (entry and 8 weeks) were obtained after BM-MSC injection. No adverse events after BM-MSC treatment were detected. Circulating CD8+ T lymphocytes were lower after BM-MSC injection. Serum C-reactive protein (CRP) was decreased at 4 weeks and serum CXCL8 was increased at 8 weeks. Synovial CRP in the complete CR stifle was decreased at 8 weeks. Synovial IFNγ was also lower in both stifles after BM-MSC injection. Synovial/serum CRP ratio at diagnosis in the partial CR stifle was significantly correlated with development of a second CR. Systemic and intra-articular injection of autologous BM-MSCs in dogs with partial CR suppresses systemic and stifle joint inflammation, including CRP concentrations. Intra-articular injection of autologous BM-MSCs had profound effects on the correlation and conditional dependencies of cytokines using causal networks. Such treatment effects could ameliorate risk of a second CR by modifying the stifle joint inflammatory response associated with cranial cruciate ligament matrix degeneration or damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Muir
- Comparative Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Eric C. Hans
- Comparative Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, United States of America
| | - Molly Racette
- Comparative Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, United States of America
| | - Nicola Volstad
- Comparative Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, United States of America
| | - Susannah J. Sample
- Comparative Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, United States of America
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, United States of America
| | - Caitlin Heaton
- Comparative Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, United States of America
| | - Gerianne Holzman
- UW Veterinary Care Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Susan L. Schaefer
- Comparative Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, United States of America
| | - Debra D. Bloom
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine & Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53705, United States of America
| | - Jason A. Bleedorn
- Comparative Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, United States of America
| | - Zhengling Hao
- Comparative Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, United States of America
| | - Ermias Amene
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, United States of America
| | - M. Suresh
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, United States of America
| | - Peiman Hematti
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine & Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53705, United States of America
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin, 53705, United States of America
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Craig SM, Fry JK, Rodrigues Hoffmann A, Manino P, Heilmann RM, Suchodolski JS, Steiner JM, Hottinger HA, Hunter SL, Lidbury JA. Serum C-reactive protein and S100A12 concentrations in dogs with hepatic disease. J Small Anim Pract 2016; 57:459-64. [PMID: 27271454 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe serum C-reactive protein and S100A12 concentrations in dogs with hepatic disease and to determine whether there is a relationship between the concentration of either and the severity of hepatic necroinflammation. METHODS Serum C-reactive protein and S100A12 concentrations were measured in 46 dogs undergoing hepatic biopsy. Dogs were divided into three groups: congenital portosystemic shunts, chronic hepatitis and hepatic neoplasia. The histological severity of hepatic necroinflammation was scored. RESULTS C-reactive protein and S100A12 concentrations were greater than the upper limit of the reference intervals in 39 and 26% of dogs, respectively. There was no association of disease group with C-reactive protein (P=0·1733) or S100A12 (P=0·1513) concentrations. There was a positive correlation between serum C-reactive protein concentration and hepatic necroinflammatory activity (rs =0·428, P=0·006). CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Increased serum C-reactive protein and S100A12 concentrations were observed in a subpopulation of dogs with various types of hepatic diseases, suggesting acute-phase inflammation and activation of phagocytic cells, respectively. Dogs with higher hepatic necroinflammatory activity scores tended to have higher serum C-reactive protein concentrations. Further studies are needed to confirm this finding in a larger group of dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Craig
- Gulf Coast Veterinary Specialists, Houston, Texas, 77027, USA
| | - J K Fry
- Gulf Coast Veterinary Specialists, Houston, Texas, 77027, USA
| | - A Rodrigues Hoffmann
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, College Station, Texas, 77843-4474, USA
| | - P Manino
- Gulf Coast Veterinary Specialists, Houston, Texas, 77027, USA
| | - R M Heilmann
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, College Station, Texas, 77843-4474, USA
| | - J S Suchodolski
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, College Station, Texas, 77843-4474, USA
| | - J M Steiner
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, College Station, Texas, 77843-4474, USA
| | - H A Hottinger
- Gulf Coast Veterinary Specialists, Houston, Texas, 77027, USA
| | - S L Hunter
- Gulf Coast Veterinary Specialists, Houston, Texas, 77027, USA
| | - J A Lidbury
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, College Station, Texas, 77843-4474, USA
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Selting KA, Ringold R, Husbands B, Pithua PO. Thymidine Kinase Type 1 and C-Reactive Protein Concentrations in Dogs with Spontaneously Occurring Cancer. J Vet Intern Med 2016; 30:1159-66. [PMID: 27214230 PMCID: PMC5089580 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.13954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Serum thymidine kinase type 1 (TK1) and canine C‐Reactive Protein (cCRP) might be useful in detecting dogs with cancer. Algorithms combining biomarkers are sometimes more accurate than results of individual tests. Objectives The aim of this study was to compare serum TK1 and cCRP and Neoplasia Index (NI) in healthy and tumor‐bearing dogs. Animals Client‐owned dogs with (n = 253) and without (n = 156) cancer. Methods Retrospective case–control study. Dogs with cancer were identified after submission of samples for commercial assay and case details were retrospectively collected. Healthy dogs (control) were identified through breed groups and health status was confirmed by health questionnaire for a minimum of 6 months. Serum TK1 activity was measured using a quantitative chemiluminescent assay and serum cCRP was measured using a quantitative ELISA assay. Results TK1 activity in the cancer (n = 253) and control group (n = 156) were 7.0 μ/L (median, range <0.5 to >100) and 1.8 μ/L (median, range 0.4 to 55.3), respectively (P < .001). cCRP concentrations in the cancer and control group were 6.0 mg/L (median, range <0.5 to >50) and 1.6 mg/L (median, range 0.09 to >50), respectively (P < .001). The NI in the cancer and control group were 6.4 (median, range 0–9.9) and 0.9 (median, range 0–7.6), respectively (P < .001). ROC AUCs of the NI and TK1 for all cancers were greater than 0.8, highest for lymphoma and histiocytic sarcoma. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Increased concentrations of TK1 and cCRP, when present in dogs with cancer, might be useful in confirming a diagnosis and monitoring response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Selting
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - R Ringold
- Veterinary Diagnostic Institute, Inc., Simi Valley, CA
| | - B Husbands
- BluePearl Veterinary Partners, Eden Prarie, MN
| | - P O Pithua
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
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Rhoades AC, Vernau W, Kass PH, Herrera MA, Sykes JE. Comparison of the efficacy of prednisone and cyclosporine for treatment of dogs with primary immune-mediated polyarthritis. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2016; 248:395-404. [DOI: 10.2460/javma.248.4.395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Abstract
Idiopathic polyarthritis (IPA) is a very common inflammatory arthropathy in the dog.
Canine IPA is diagnosed mainly by detecting increased number of leukocytes in the synovial
fluid (SF), which is easily influenced by glucocorticoid therapy. We obtained 31 SF
samples from 24 IPA dogs prior to (n=19) and/or after
(n=12) 1 to 10 weeks of glucocorticoid therapy. The SF total protein
concentrations of IPA dogs were significantly higher than those of dogs with non-arthritis
diseases (n=34) and healthy controls (n=10). Our data
revealed that the SF total protein concentrations are not influenced by several weeks of
glucocorticoid therapy. Hence, the SF total protein concentration is applicable as a
diagnostic marker of canine IPA even when the patients are receiving glucocorticoid
therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Murakami
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathobiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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