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Malinowski R, Singh D, Kasprzewska A, Blicharz S, Basińska-Barczak A. Vascular tissue - boon or bane? How pathogens usurp long-distance transport in plants and the defence mechanisms deployed to counteract them. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 243:2075-2092. [PMID: 39101283 DOI: 10.1111/nph.20030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Evolutionary emergence of specialised vascular tissues has enabled plants to coordinate their growth and adjust to unfavourable external conditions. Whilst holding a pivotal role in long-distance transport, both xylem and phloem can be encroached on by various biotic factors for systemic invasion and hijacking of nutrients. Therefore, a complete understanding of the strategies deployed by plants against such pathogens to restrict their entry and establishment within plant tissues, is of key importance for the future development of disease-tolerant crops. In this review, we aim to describe how microorganisms exploit the plant vascular system as a route for gaining access and control of different host tissues and metabolic pathways. Highlighting several biological examples, we detail the wide range of host responses triggered to prevent or hinder vascular colonisation and effectively minimise damage upon biotic invasions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Malinowski
- Department of Integrative Plant Biology, Institute of Plant Genetics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Strzeszynska 34, Poznań, 60-479, Poland
| | - Deeksha Singh
- Department of Integrative Plant Biology, Institute of Plant Genetics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Strzeszynska 34, Poznań, 60-479, Poland
| | - Anna Kasprzewska
- Regulation of Gene Expression Team, Institute of Plant Genetics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Strzeszynska 34, Poznań, 60-479, Poland
| | - Sara Blicharz
- Department of Integrative Plant Biology, Institute of Plant Genetics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Strzeszynska 34, Poznań, 60-479, Poland
| | - Aneta Basińska-Barczak
- Department of Integrative Plant Biology, Institute of Plant Genetics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Strzeszynska 34, Poznań, 60-479, Poland
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2
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Leastro MO, Pallás V, Sánchez-Navarro JÁ. The capsid protein of citrus leprosis virus C shows a nuclear distribution and interacts with the nucleolar fibrillarin protein. Virus Res 2024; 340:199297. [PMID: 38070688 PMCID: PMC10758971 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2023.199297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Brevipalpus-transmitted viruses (BTVs) have a significant negative economic impact on the citrus industry in Central and South America. Until now, only a few studies have explored the intracellular distribution and interaction of BTVs-encoded proteins with host factors, particularly for cileviruses, the main BTV responsible for the Citrus Leprosis (CL) disease. This study describes the nuclear localization of citrus leprosis virus C (CiLV-C) capsid protein (p29) and its interaction with the fibrillarin (Fib2) within the nucleolar compartment and cell cytoplasm. Our results, obtained by computer predictions and laser scanning confocal microscopy analyses, including colocalization and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) approaches, revealed that a fraction of the p29 is localized in the nucleus and colocalizes with the Fib2 in both the nucleolus and cytosol. The nuclear localization of p29 correlated with a smaller nucleus size. Furthermore, co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) assays confirmed the interactions between p29 and Fib2. The implications of these findings for the functionalities of the cilevirus capsid protein are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Oliveira Leastro
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universitat Politècnica de Valencia-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valencia 46022, Spain.
| | - Vicente Pallás
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universitat Politècnica de Valencia-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valencia 46022, Spain
| | - Jesús Ángel Sánchez-Navarro
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universitat Politècnica de Valencia-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valencia 46022, Spain.
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3
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Lettin L, Erbay B, Blair GE. Viruses and Cajal Bodies: A Critical Cellular Target in Virus Infection? Viruses 2023; 15:2311. [PMID: 38140552 PMCID: PMC10747631 DOI: 10.3390/v15122311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear bodies (NBs) are dynamic structures present in eukaryotic cell nuclei. They are not bounded by membranes and are often considered biomolecular condensates, defined structurally and functionally by the localisation of core components. Nuclear architecture can be reorganised during normal cellular processes such as the cell cycle as well as in response to cellular stress. Many plant and animal viruses target their proteins to NBs, in some cases triggering their structural disruption and redistribution. Although not all such interactions have been well characterised, subversion of NBs and their functions may form a key part of the life cycle of eukaryotic viruses that require the nucleus for their replication. This review will focus on Cajal bodies (CBs) and the viruses that target them. Since CBs are dynamic structures, other NBs (principally nucleoli and promyelocytic leukaemia, PML and bodies), whose components interact with CBs, will also be considered. As well as providing important insights into key virus-host cell interactions, studies on Cajal and associated NBs may identify novel cellular targets for development of antiviral compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Lettin
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK (B.E.)
| | - Bilgi Erbay
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK (B.E.)
- Moleküler Biyoloji ve Genetik Bölümü, Fen Fakültesi, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van 65140, Türkiye
| | - G. Eric Blair
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK (B.E.)
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4
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Li S, Guo W, Wang C, Tang Y, Li L, Zhang H, Li Y, Wei Z, Chen J, Sun Z. Alternative splicing impacts the rice stripe virus response transcriptome. Virology 2023; 587:109870. [PMID: 37669612 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2023.109870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Alternative splicing (AS) is an important form of post transcriptional modification present in both animals and plants. However, little information was obtained about AS events in response to plant virus infection. In this study, we conducted a genome-wide transcriptome analysis on AS change in rice infected by a devastating virus, Rice stripe virus (RSV). KEGG analysis was performed on the differentially expressed (DE) genes and differentially alternative spliced (DAS) genes. The results showed that DE genes were significantly enriched in the pathway of interaction with plant pathogens. The DAS genes were mainly enriched in basal metabolism and RNA splicing pathways. The heat map clustering showed that DEGs clusters were mainly enriched in regulation of transcription and defense response while differential transcript usage (DTU) clusters were strongly enriched in mRNA splicing and calcium binding. Overall, our results provide a fundamental basis for gene-wide AS changes in rice after RSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Li
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Wenbin Guo
- Information and Computational Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Dundee, DD2 5DA, Scotland, UK
| | - Chen Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Yao Tang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Lulu Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Hehong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Yanjun Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Zhongyan Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Jianping Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
| | - Zongtao Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
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5
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Taliansky ME, Love AJ, Kołowerzo-Lubnau A, Smoliński DJ. Cajal bodies: Evolutionarily conserved nuclear biomolecular condensates with properties unique to plants. THE PLANT CELL 2023; 35:3214-3235. [PMID: 37202374 PMCID: PMC10473218 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Proper orchestration of the thousands of biochemical processes that are essential to the life of every cell requires highly organized cellular compartmentalization of dedicated microenvironments. There are 2 ways to create this intracellular segregation to optimize cellular function. One way is to create specific organelles, enclosed spaces bounded by lipid membranes that regulate macromolecular flux in and out of the compartment. A second way is via membraneless biomolecular condensates that form due to to liquid-liquid phase separation. Although research on these membraneless condensates has historically been performed using animal and fungal systems, recent studies have explored basic principles governing the assembly, properties, and functions of membraneless compartments in plants. In this review, we discuss how phase separation is involved in a variety of key processes occurring in Cajal bodies (CBs), a type of biomolecular condensate found in nuclei. These processes include RNA metabolism, formation of ribonucleoproteins involved in transcription, RNA splicing, ribosome biogenesis, and telomere maintenance. Besides these primary roles of CBs, we discuss unique plant-specific functions of CBs in RNA-based regulatory pathways such as nonsense-mediated mRNA decay, mRNA retention, and RNA silencing. Finally, we summarize recent progress and discuss the functions of CBs in responses to pathogen attacks and abiotic stresses, responses that may be regulated via mechanisms governed by polyADP-ribosylation. Thus, plant CBs are emerging as highly complex and multifunctional biomolecular condensates that are involved in a surprisingly diverse range of molecular mechanisms that we are just beginning to appreciate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew J Love
- The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Agnieszka Kołowerzo-Lubnau
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Torun, Poland
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Wilenska 4, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Dariusz Jan Smoliński
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Torun, Poland
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Wilenska 4, 87-100 Torun, Poland
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6
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Zhang X, Wan Q, Rui P, Lu Y, Sun Z, Chen J, Wang Y, Yan F. Rice stripe virus p2 protein interacts with ATG5 and is targeted for degradation by autophagy. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1191403. [PMID: 37187544 PMCID: PMC10175675 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1191403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy can be induced by viral infection and plays antiviral roles in plants, but the underlying mechanism is not well understood. In our previous reports, we have demonstrated that the plant ATG5 plays an essential role in activating autophagy in rice stripe virus (RSV)-infected plants. We also showed that eIF4A, a negative factor of autophagy, interacts with and inhibits ATG5. We here found that RSV p2 protein interacts with ATG5 and can be targeted by autophagy for degradation. Expression of p2 protein induced autophagy and p2 protein was shown to interfere with the interaction between ATG5 and eIF4A, while eIF4A had no effect on the interaction between ATG5 and p2. These results indicate an additional information on the induction of autophagy in RSV-infected plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangxiang Zhang
- Plant Protection College, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Qionglian Wan
- Plant Protection College, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Penghuan Rui
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yuwen Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Zongtao Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jianping Chen
- Plant Protection College, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Jianping Chen,
| | - Yunyue Wang
- Plant Protection College, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Yunyue Wang,
| | - Fei Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- *Correspondence: Fei Yan,
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7
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Li L, Zhang H, Yang Z, Wang C, Li S, Cao C, Yao T, Wei Z, Li Y, Chen J, Sun Z. Independently evolved viral effectors convergently suppress DELLA protein SLR1-mediated broad-spectrum antiviral immunity in rice. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6920. [PMID: 36376330 PMCID: PMC9663503 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34649-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant viruses adopt diverse virulence strategies to inhibit host antiviral defense. However, general antiviral defense directly targeted by different types of plant viruses have rarely been studied. Here, we show that the single rice DELLA protein, SLENDER RICE 1 (SLR1), a master negative regulator in Gibberellin (GA) signaling pathway, is targeted by several different viral effectors for facilitating viral infection. Viral proteins encoded by different types of rice viruses all directly trigger the rapid degradation of SLR1 by promoting association with the GA receptor OsGID1. SLR1-mediated broad-spectrum resistance was subverted by these independently evolved viral proteins, which all interrupted the functional crosstalk between SLR1 and jasmonic acid (JA) signaling. This decline of JA antiviral further created the advantage of viral infection. Our study reveals a common viral counter-defense strategy in which different types of viruses convergently target SLR1-mediated broad-spectrum resistance to benefit viral infection in the monocotyledonous crop rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Li
- grid.27871.3b0000 0000 9750 7019College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China ,grid.203507.30000 0000 8950 5267State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211 China
| | - Hehong Zhang
- grid.203507.30000 0000 8950 5267State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211 China
| | - Zihang Yang
- grid.203507.30000 0000 8950 5267State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211 China
| | - Chen Wang
- grid.27871.3b0000 0000 9750 7019College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China ,grid.203507.30000 0000 8950 5267State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211 China
| | - Shanshan Li
- grid.27871.3b0000 0000 9750 7019College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China ,grid.203507.30000 0000 8950 5267State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211 China
| | - Chen Cao
- grid.203507.30000 0000 8950 5267State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211 China
| | - Tongsong Yao
- grid.27871.3b0000 0000 9750 7019College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China ,grid.203507.30000 0000 8950 5267State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211 China
| | - Zhongyan Wei
- grid.203507.30000 0000 8950 5267State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211 China
| | - Yanjun Li
- grid.203507.30000 0000 8950 5267State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211 China
| | - Jianping Chen
- grid.27871.3b0000 0000 9750 7019College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China ,grid.203507.30000 0000 8950 5267State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211 China
| | - Zongtao Sun
- grid.203507.30000 0000 8950 5267State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211 China
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8
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Wang P, Liu J, Lyu Y, Huang Z, Zhang X, Sun B, Li P, Jing X, Li H, Zhang C. A Review of Vector-Borne Rice Viruses. Viruses 2022; 14:v14102258. [PMID: 36298813 PMCID: PMC9609659 DOI: 10.3390/v14102258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the major staple foods for global consumption. A major roadblock to global rice production is persistent loss of crops caused by plant diseases, including rice blast, sheath blight, bacterial blight, and particularly various vector-borne rice viral diseases. Since the late 19th century, 19 species of rice viruses have been recorded in rice-producing areas worldwide and cause varying degrees of damage on the rice production. Among them, southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus (SRBSDV) and rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV) in Asia, rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV) in Africa, and rice stripe necrosis virus (RSNV) in America currently pose serious threats to rice yields. This review systematizes the emergence and damage of rice viral diseases, the symptomatology and transmission biology of rice viruses, the arm races between viruses and rice plants as well as their insect vectors, and the strategies for the prevention and control of rice viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyue Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Jianjian Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Pest Forewarning and Management, College of Agronomy, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Yajing Lyu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Co-Construction State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Ziting Huang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Bingjian Sun
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Pengbai Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xinxin Jing
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Honglian Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Correspondence:
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9
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Pérez-Cañamás M, Taliansky M, Hernández C. A Viral Suppressor of RNA Silencing May Be Targeting a Plant Defence Pathway Involving Fibrillarin. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11151903. [PMID: 35893605 PMCID: PMC9331457 DOI: 10.3390/plants11151903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
To establish productive infections, viruses must be able both to subdue the host metabolism for their own benefit and to counteract host defences. This frequently results in the establishment of viral–host protein–protein interactions that may have either proviral or antiviral functions. The study of such interactions is essential for understanding the virus–host interplay. Plant viruses with RNA genomes are typically translated, replicated, and encapsidated in the cytoplasm of infected cells. Despite this, a significant array of their encoded proteins has been reported to enter the nucleus, often showing high accumulation at subnuclear structures such as the nucleolus and/or Cajal bodies. However, the biological significance of such a distribution pattern is frequently unknown. Here, we explored whether the nucleolar/Cajal body localization of protein p37 of Pelargonium line pattern virus (PLPV, genus Pelarspovirus, family Tombusviridae), might be related to potential interactions with the nucleolar/Cajal body marker proteins, fibrillarin and coilin. The results revealed that p37, which has a dual role as coat protein and as suppressor of RNA silencing, a major antiviral system in plants, is able to associate with these cellular factors. Analysis of (wildtype and/or mutant) PLPV accumulation in plants with up- or downregulated levels of fibrillarin or coilin have suggested that the former might be involved in an as yet unknown antiviral pathway, which may be targeted by p37. The results suggest that the growing number of functions uncovered for fibrillarin can be wider and may prompt future investigations to unveil the plant antiviral responses in which this key nucleolar component may take part.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miryam Pérez-Cañamás
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Politécnica de Valencia), Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación, Calle Ingeniero Fausto Elio, Ed. 8E. Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Michael Taliansky
- The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK;
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Carmen Hernández
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Politécnica de Valencia), Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación, Calle Ingeniero Fausto Elio, Ed. 8E. Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain;
- Correspondence:
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10
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Li Y, Zhu L, Gao J, Ma H, Li C, Song Y, Zhu X, Zhu C. Silencing suppressors of rice black-streaked dwarf virus and rice stripe virus hijack the 26S proteasome of Laodelphax striatellus to facilitate virus accumulation and transmission. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:2940-2951. [PMID: 35439336 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV) is transmitted by small brown planthopper (Laodelphax striatellus [L. striatellus]) and causes devastating disease in rice. P9-1 has silencing suppression activity and is the key protein for viroplasm formation in RBSDV-infected plants and insects; however, its exact function is poorly understood. RESULTS In this study, the P9-1 of RBSDV interacted with L. striatellus 26S proteasome subunit RPN8. RBSDV accumulation in L. striatellus increased after the 26S proteasome was disrupted by silencing the RPN8 expression. This finding indicated that L. striatellus 26S proteasome played a defense role against RBSDV infection by regulating RBSDV accumulation. Further investigations revealed that P9-1 could competitively bind to RPN8 with RPN7, thereby disrupting the assembly of 26S proteasome in L. striatellus and promoting the infection of RBSDV in insect vectors, and further affecting the transmission of the virus to rice by insect vectors. Similar to P9-1, rice stripe virus (RSV) NS2, a weak silencing suppressor, regulated virus accumulation and transmission by hijacking RPN8 to interfere with the function of 26S proteasome in L. striatellus. CONCLUSION These results suggest that viruses promote their own infection via interfering with ubiquitination pathway of insect vectors, and this mechanism might be of universal importance. These findings provide a new insight into the mechanism of virus transmission in insect vectors. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, P. R. China
| | - Lifei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, P. R. China
| | - Jiaqi Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, P. R. China
| | - Haoran Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, P. R. China
| | - Changyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, P. R. China
| | - Yunzhi Song
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoping Zhu
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, P. R. China
| | - Changxiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, P. R. China
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11
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Yang Z, Zhang H, Tan X, Wei Z, Wen C, Sun Z, Sun B, Chen J. Insights Into the Effect of Rice Stripe Virus P2 on Rice Defense by Comparative Proteomic Analysis. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:897589. [PMID: 35747367 PMCID: PMC9209781 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.897589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice stripe virus (RSV) has a serious effect on rice production. Our previous research had shown that RSV P2 plays important roles in RSV infection, so in order to further understand the effect of P2 on rice, we used Tandem Mass Tag (TMT) quantitative proteomics experimental system to analyze the changes of protein in transgenic rice expressing P2 for the first time. The results of proteomics showed that a total of 4,767 proteins were identified, including 198 up-regulated proteins and 120 down-regulated proteins. Functional classification results showed that differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were mainly localized in chloroplasts and mainly involved in the metabolic pathways. Functional enrichment results showed that DEPs are mainly involved in RNA processing and splicing. We also verified the expression of several DEPs at the mRNA level and the interaction of a transcription factor (B7EPB8) with RSV P2. This research is the first time to use proteomics technology to explore the mechanism of RSV infection in rice with the RSV P2 as breakthrough point. Our findings provide valuable information for the study of RSV P2 and RSV infection mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihang Yang
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Hehong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Tan
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Zhongyan Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Caiyi Wen
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zongtao Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Bingjian Sun
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Bingjian Sun,
| | - Jianping Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Jianping Chen,
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12
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Pereira FS, Stempkowski LA, Fajardo TVM, Júnior AN, Lau D, Mar TB, do Nascimento SC, Bogo A, Casa RT, da Silva FN. A novel tenuivirus infecting wheat in Brazil. Arch Virol 2022; 167:989-993. [PMID: 35112198 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-022-05361-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Since 1948, pale yellow wheat spike have been reported in southern Brazil. This symptom was associated with tenuiviruses due to the observation of cytoplasmic inclusions constituted by a mass of filamentous particles (7-10 nm in diameter) with indeterminate length, identical to those found in "leaf dip" preparations. Such symptoms are still seen in wheat crops; however, there is a lack of information regarding this pathosystem. Decades after the first report, the first sequences of wheat white spike virus were characterized. Wheat plants with symptoms such as pale yellowing, chlorotic streaks, and leaf mosaic were collected in Paraná State, Southern Brazil. High-throughput sequencing was used to determine the nearly complete nucleotide sequence of the viral genome. The genome is composed of five RNAs with a total size of 18,129 nucleotides, with eight open reading frames (ORFs). The virus identified in this study can be included in a new species in the family Phenuiviridae, genus Tenuivirus, and we have tentatively named this virus "wheat white spike virus".
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Amauri Bogo
- Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Lages, SC, Brazil
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13
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Highly adaptive
Phenuiviridae
with biomedical importance in multiple fields. J Med Virol 2022; 94:2388-2401. [DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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14
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Bolus S, Braithwaite KS, Grinstead SC, Fuentes-Bueno I, Beiriger R, Falk BW, Mollov D. Completion of Maize Stripe Virus Genome Sequence and Analysis of Diverse Isolates. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:684599. [PMID: 34194416 PMCID: PMC8238005 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.684599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Maize stripe virus is a pathogen of corn and sorghum in subtropical and tropical regions worldwide. We used high-throughput sequencing to obtain the complete nucleotide sequence for the reference genome of maize stripe virus and to sequence the genomes of ten additional isolates collected from the United States or Papua New Guinea. Genetically, maize stripe virus is most closely related to rice stripe virus. We completed and characterized the RNA1 sequence for maize stripe virus, which revealed a large open reading frame encoding a putative protein with ovarian tumor-like cysteine protease, endonuclease, and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase domains. Phylogenetic and amino acid identity analyses among geographically diverse isolates revealed evidence for reassortment in RNA3 that was correlated with the absence of RNA5. This study yielded a complete and updated genetic description of the tenuivirus maize stripe virus and provided insight into potential mechanisms underpinning its diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Bolus
- National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD, United States
| | | | - Samuel C Grinstead
- National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD, United States
| | - Irazema Fuentes-Bueno
- National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD, United States
| | - Robert Beiriger
- Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Belle Glade, FL, United States
| | - Bryce W Falk
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Dimitre Mollov
- National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD, United States
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15
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Decle-Carrasco S, Rodríguez-Zapata LC, Castano E. Plant viral proteins and fibrillarin: the link to complete the infective cycle. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:4677-4686. [PMID: 34036480 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06401-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The interaction between viruses with the nucleolus is already a well-defined field of study in plant virology. This interaction is not restricted to those viruses that replicate in the nucleus, in fact, RNA viruses that replicate exclusively in the cytoplasm express proteins that localize in the nucleolus. Some positive single stranded RNA viruses from animals and plants have been reported to interact with the main nucleolar protein, Fibrillarin. Among nucleolar proteins, Fibrillarin is an essential protein that has been conserved in sequence and function throughout evolution. Fibrillarin is a methyltransferase protein with more than 100 methylation sites in the pre-ribosomal RNA, involved in multiple cellular processes, including initiation of transcription, oncogenesis, and apoptosis, among others. Recently, it was found that AtFib2 shows a ribonuclease activity. In plant viruses, Fibrillarin is involved in long-distance movement and cell-to-cell movement, being two highly different processes. The mechanism that Fibrillarin performs is still unknown. However, and despite belonging to very different viral families, the majority comply with the following. (1) They are positive single stranded RNA viruses; (2) encode different types of viral proteins that partially localize in the nucleolus; (3) interacts with Fibrillarin exporting it to the cytoplasm; (4) the viral protein-Fibrillarin interaction forms an RNP complex with the viral RNA and; (5) Fibrillarin depletion affects the infective cycle of the virus. Here we review the relationship of those plant viruses with Fibrillarin interaction, with special focus on the molecular processes of the virus to sequester Fibrillarin to complete its infective cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Decle-Carrasco
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas. Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C. Calle 43 No. 130, Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Luis Carlos Rodríguez-Zapata
- Unidad de Biotecnología. Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C. Calle 43 No. 130, Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Enrique Castano
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas. Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C. Calle 43 No. 130, Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida, Yucatán, México.
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16
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Kormelink R, Verchot J, Tao X, Desbiez C. The Bunyavirales: The Plant-Infecting Counterparts. Viruses 2021; 13:842. [PMID: 34066457 PMCID: PMC8148189 DOI: 10.3390/v13050842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Negative-strand (-) RNA viruses (NSVs) comprise a large and diverse group of viruses that are generally divided in those with non-segmented and those with segmented genomes. Whereas most NSVs infect animals and humans, the smaller group of the plant-infecting counterparts is expanding, with many causing devastating diseases worldwide, affecting a large number of major bulk and high-value food crops. In 2018, the taxonomy of segmented NSVs faced a major reorganization with the establishment of the order Bunyavirales. This article overviews the major plant viruses that are part of the order, i.e., orthospoviruses (Tospoviridae), tenuiviruses (Phenuiviridae), and emaraviruses (Fimoviridae), and provides updates on the more recent ongoing research. Features shared with the animal-infecting counterparts are mentioned, however, special attention is given to their adaptation to plant hosts and vector transmission, including intra/intercellular trafficking and viral counter defense to antiviral RNAi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Kormelink
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeanmarie Verchot
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
| | - Xiaorong Tao
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;
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17
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Decle-Carrasco S, Rodríguez-Zapata LC, Castano E. Plant viral proteins and fibrillarin: the link to complete the infective cycle. Mol Biol Rep 2021. [PMID: 34036480 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06401-1/tables/1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between viruses with the nucleolus is already a well-defined field of study in plant virology. This interaction is not restricted to those viruses that replicate in the nucleus, in fact, RNA viruses that replicate exclusively in the cytoplasm express proteins that localize in the nucleolus. Some positive single stranded RNA viruses from animals and plants have been reported to interact with the main nucleolar protein, Fibrillarin. Among nucleolar proteins, Fibrillarin is an essential protein that has been conserved in sequence and function throughout evolution. Fibrillarin is a methyltransferase protein with more than 100 methylation sites in the pre-ribosomal RNA, involved in multiple cellular processes, including initiation of transcription, oncogenesis, and apoptosis, among others. Recently, it was found that AtFib2 shows a ribonuclease activity. In plant viruses, Fibrillarin is involved in long-distance movement and cell-to-cell movement, being two highly different processes. The mechanism that Fibrillarin performs is still unknown. However, and despite belonging to very different viral families, the majority comply with the following. (1) They are positive single stranded RNA viruses; (2) encode different types of viral proteins that partially localize in the nucleolus; (3) interacts with Fibrillarin exporting it to the cytoplasm; (4) the viral protein-Fibrillarin interaction forms an RNP complex with the viral RNA and; (5) Fibrillarin depletion affects the infective cycle of the virus. Here we review the relationship of those plant viruses with Fibrillarin interaction, with special focus on the molecular processes of the virus to sequester Fibrillarin to complete its infective cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Decle-Carrasco
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas. Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C. Calle 43 No. 130, Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Luis Carlos Rodríguez-Zapata
- Unidad de Biotecnología. Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C. Calle 43 No. 130, Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Enrique Castano
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas. Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C. Calle 43 No. 130, Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida, Yucatán, México.
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18
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Bagayoko I, Celli MG, Romay G, Poulicard N, Pinel-Galzi A, Julian C, Filloux D, Roumagnac P, Sérémé D, Bragard C, Hébrard E. Genetic Diversity of Rice stripe necrosis virus and New Insights into Evolution of the Genus Benyvirus. Viruses 2021; 13:v13050737. [PMID: 33922593 PMCID: PMC8145960 DOI: 10.3390/v13050737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The rice stripe necrosis virus (RSNV) has been reported to infect rice in several countries in Africa and South America, but limited genomic data are currently publicly available. Here, eleven RSNV genomes were entirely sequenced, including the first corpus of RSNV genomes of African isolates. The genetic variability was differently distributed along the two genomic segments. The segment RNA1, within which clusters of polymorphisms were identified, showed a higher nucleotidic variability than did the beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) RNA1 segment. The diversity patterns of both viruses were similar in the RNA2 segment, except for an in-frame insertion of 243 nucleotides located in the RSNV tgbp1 gene. Recombination events were detected into RNA1 and RNA2 segments, in particular in the two most divergent RSNV isolates from Colombia and Sierra Leone. In contrast to BNYVV, the RSNV molecular diversity had a geographical structure with two main RSNV lineages distributed in America and in Africa. Our data on the genetic diversity of RSNV revealed unexpected differences with BNYVV suggesting a complex evolutionary history of the genus Benyvirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Issiaka Bagayoko
- Earth and Life Institute, Applied Microbiology-Phytopathology, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Croix du Sud 2 Bte L07.05.03, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; (I.B.); (G.R.); (C.B.)
| | - Marcos Giovanni Celli
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires 1425, Argentina;
- Instituto de Patología Vegetal (IPAVE, CIAP, INTA), Camino 60 cuadras Km 5, Cordoba 5119, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Romay
- Earth and Life Institute, Applied Microbiology-Phytopathology, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Croix du Sud 2 Bte L07.05.03, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; (I.B.); (G.R.); (C.B.)
| | - Nils Poulicard
- PHIM, Plant Health Institute, Université de Montpellier, IRD, INRAE, CIRAD, SupAgro, 911 Avenue Agropolis, 34394 Montpellier, France; (N.P.); (A.P.-G.); (C.J.); (D.F.); (P.R.)
| | - Agnès Pinel-Galzi
- PHIM, Plant Health Institute, Université de Montpellier, IRD, INRAE, CIRAD, SupAgro, 911 Avenue Agropolis, 34394 Montpellier, France; (N.P.); (A.P.-G.); (C.J.); (D.F.); (P.R.)
| | - Charlotte Julian
- PHIM, Plant Health Institute, Université de Montpellier, IRD, INRAE, CIRAD, SupAgro, 911 Avenue Agropolis, 34394 Montpellier, France; (N.P.); (A.P.-G.); (C.J.); (D.F.); (P.R.)
- CIRAD, UMR PHIM, Campus International de Montferrier-Baillarguet, 34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Denis Filloux
- PHIM, Plant Health Institute, Université de Montpellier, IRD, INRAE, CIRAD, SupAgro, 911 Avenue Agropolis, 34394 Montpellier, France; (N.P.); (A.P.-G.); (C.J.); (D.F.); (P.R.)
- CIRAD, UMR PHIM, Campus International de Montferrier-Baillarguet, 34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Philippe Roumagnac
- PHIM, Plant Health Institute, Université de Montpellier, IRD, INRAE, CIRAD, SupAgro, 911 Avenue Agropolis, 34394 Montpellier, France; (N.P.); (A.P.-G.); (C.J.); (D.F.); (P.R.)
- CIRAD, UMR PHIM, Campus International de Montferrier-Baillarguet, 34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Drissa Sérémé
- Laboratoire de Laboratoire de Virologie et de Biotechnologies Végétales, INERA—Institut de l’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles, LMI Patho-Bios, Ouagadougou 01 BP 476, Burkina Faso;
| | - Claude Bragard
- Earth and Life Institute, Applied Microbiology-Phytopathology, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Croix du Sud 2 Bte L07.05.03, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; (I.B.); (G.R.); (C.B.)
| | - Eugénie Hébrard
- PHIM, Plant Health Institute, Université de Montpellier, IRD, INRAE, CIRAD, SupAgro, 911 Avenue Agropolis, 34394 Montpellier, France; (N.P.); (A.P.-G.); (C.J.); (D.F.); (P.R.)
- Correspondence:
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19
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Zhang X, Sun K, Liang Y, Wang S, Wu K, Li Z. Development of Rice Stripe Tenuivirus Minireplicon Reverse Genetics Systems Suitable for Analyses of Viral Replication and Intercellular Movement. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:655256. [PMID: 33833749 PMCID: PMC8021733 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.655256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice stripe virus (RSV), a tenuivirus with four negative-sense/ambisense genome segments, is one of the most devastating viral pathogens affecting rice production in many Asian countries. Despite extensive research, our understanding of RSV infection cycles and pathogenesis has been severely impaired by the lack of reverse genetics tools. In this study, we have engineered RSV minireplicon (MR)/minigenome cassettes with reporter genes substituted for the viral open reading frames in the negative-sense RNA1 or the ambisense RNA2-4 segments. After delivery to Nicotiana benthamiana leaves via agroinfiltration, MR reporter gene expression was detected only when the codon-optimized large viral RNA polymerase protein (L) was coexpressed with the nucleocapsid (N) protein. MR activity was also critically dependent on the coexpressed viral suppressors of RNA silencing, but ectopic expression of the RSV-encoded NS3 silencing suppressor drastically decreased reporter gene expression. We also developed intercellular movement-competent MR systems with the movement protein expressed either in cis from an RNA4-based MR or in trans from a binary plasmid. Finally, we generated multicomponent replicon systems by expressing the N and L proteins directly from complementary-sense RNA1 and RNA3 derivatives, which enhanced reporter gene expression, permitted autonomous replication and intercellular movement, and reduced the number of plasmids required for delivery. In summary, this work enables reverse genetics analyses of RSV replication, transcription, and cell-to-cell movement and provides a platform for engineering more complex recombinant systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kai Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kaili Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhenghe Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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20
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Leastro MO, Freitas-Astúa J, Kitajima EW, Pallás V, Sánchez-Navarro JA. Unravelling the involvement of cilevirus p32 protein in the viral transport. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2943. [PMID: 33536554 PMCID: PMC7859179 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82453-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Citrus leprosis (CL) is a severe disease that affects citrus orchards mainly in Latin America. It is caused by Brevipalpus-transmitted viruses from genera Cilevirus and Dichorhavirus. Currently, no reports have explored the movement machinery for the cilevirus. Here, we have performed a detailed functional study of the p32 movement protein (MP) of two cileviruses. Citrus leprosis-associated viruses are not able to move systemically in neither their natural nor experimental host plants. However, here we show that cilevirus MPs are able to allow the cell-to-cell and long-distance transport of movement-defective alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV). Several features related with the viral transport were explored, including: (i) the ability of cilevirus MPs to facilitate virus movement on a nucleocapsid assembly independent-manner; (ii) the generation of tubular structures from transient expression in protoplast; (iii) the capability of the N- and C- terminus of MP to interact with the cognate capsid protein (p29) and; (iv) the role of the C-terminus of p32 in the cell-to-cell and long-distance transport, tubule formation and the MP-plasmodesmata co-localization. The MP was able to direct the p29 to the plasmodesmata, whereby the C-terminus of MP is independently responsible to recruit the p29 to the cell periphery. Furthermore, we report that MP possess the capacity to enter the nucleolus and to bind to a major nucleolar protein, the fibrillarin. Based on our findings, we provide a model for the role of the p32 in the intra- and intercellular viral spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Oliveira Leastro
- Unidade Laboratorial de Referência em Biologia Molecular Aplicada, Instituto Biológico, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. .,Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valencia, Spain.
| | - Juliana Freitas-Astúa
- Unidade Laboratorial de Referência em Biologia Molecular Aplicada, Instituto Biológico, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Embrapa Mandioca e Fruticultura, Cruz das Almas, BA, Brazil
| | - Elliot Watanabe Kitajima
- Departamento de Fitopatologia e Nematologia, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Vicente Pallás
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Jesús A Sánchez-Navarro
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valencia, Spain.
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21
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He YJ, Lu G, Qi YH, Zhang Y, Zhang XD, Huang HJ, Zhuo JC, Sun ZT, Yan F, Chen JP, Zhang CX, Li JM. Activation of Toll Immune Pathway in an Insect Vector Induced by a Plant Virus. Front Immunol 2021; 11:613957. [PMID: 33488623 PMCID: PMC7821435 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.613957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Toll pathway plays an important role in defense against infection of various pathogenic microorganisms, including viruses. However, current understanding of Toll pathway was mainly restricted in mammal and some model insects such as Drosophila and mosquitoes. Whether plant viruses can also activate the Toll signaling pathway in vector insects is still unknown. In this study, using rice stripe virus (RSV) and its insect vector (small brown planthopper, Laodelphax striatellus) as a model, we found that the Toll pathway was activated upon RSV infection. In comparison of viruliferous and non-viruliferous planthoppers, we found that four Toll pathway core genes (Toll, Tube, MyD88, and Dorsal) were upregulated in viruliferous planthoppers. When the planthoppers infected with RSV, the expressions of Toll and MyD88 were rapidly upregulated at the early stage (1 and 3 days post-infection), whereas Dorsal was upregulated at the late stage (9 days post-infection). Furthermore, induction of Toll pathway was initiated by interaction between a Toll receptor and RSV nucleocapsid protein (NP). Knockdown of Toll increased the proliferation of RSV in vector insect, and the dsToll-treated insects exhibited higher mortality than that of dsGFP-treated ones. Our results provide the first evidence that the Toll signaling pathway of an insect vector is potentially activated through the direct interaction between Toll receptor and a protein encoded by a plant virus, indicating that Toll immune pathway is an important strategy against plant virus infection in an insect vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Juan He
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Gang Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yu-Hua Qi
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xiao-Di Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Hai-Jian Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Ji-Chong Zhuo
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Zong-Tao Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Fei Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jian-Ping Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Chuan-Xi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jun-Min Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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22
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Jiang L, Lu Y, Zheng X, Yang X, Chen Y, Zhang T, Zhao X, Wang S, Zhao X, Song X, Zhang X, Peng J, Zheng H, Lin L, MacFarlane S, Liu Y, Chen J, Yan F. The plant protein NbP3IP directs degradation of Rice stripe virus p3 silencing suppressor protein to limit virus infection through interaction with the autophagy-related protein NbATG8. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:1036-1051. [PMID: 32898938 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
In plants, autophagy is involved in responses to viral infection. However, the role of host factors in mediating autophagy to suppress viruses is poorly understood. A previously uncharacterized plant protein, NbP3IP, was shown to interact with p3, an RNA-silencing suppressor protein encoded by Rice stripe virus (RSV), a negative-strand RNA virus. The potential roles of NbP3IP in RSV infection were examined. NbP3IP degraded p3 through the autophagy pathway, thereby affecting the silencing suppression activity of p3. Transgenic overexpression of NbP3IP conferred resistance to RSV infection in Nicotiana benthamiana. RSV infection was promoted in ATG5- or ATG7-silenced plants and was inhibited in GAPC-silenced plants where autophagy was activated, confirming the role of autophagy in suppressing RSV infection. NbP3IP interacted with NbATG8f, indicating a potential selective autophagosomal cargo receptor role for P3IP. Additionally, the rice NbP3IP homolog (OsP3IP) also mediated p3 degradation and interacted with OsATG8b and p3. Through identification of the involvement of P3IP in the autophagy-mediated degradation of RSV p3, we reveal a new mechanism to antagonize the infection of RSV, and thereby provide the first evidence that autophagy can play an antiviral role against negative-strand RNA viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Jiang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Yuwen Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
- Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Xiyin Zheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Plant Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xue Yang
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang, 110161, China
| | - Ying Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang, 110161, China
| | - Tianhao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Xing Zhao
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang, 110161, China
| | - Shu Wang
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xia Zhao
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xijiao Song
- Public Lab, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Xiangxiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Jiejun Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
- Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Hongying Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
- Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Lin Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
- Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Stuart MacFarlane
- Cell and Molecular Sciences Group, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Yule Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Plant Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jianping Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
- Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Fei Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
- Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
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23
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Wang D, Sun S, Ren Y, Li S, Yang X, Zhou X. RepA Promotes the Nucleolar Exclusion of the V2 Protein of Mulberry Mosaic Dwarf-Associated Virus. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1828. [PMID: 32903838 PMCID: PMC7438950 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant viruses have limited coding capacities so that they rely heavily on the expression of multifunctional viral proteins to achieve a successful infection. The functional specification of viral proteins is often related to their differential interaction with plant and viral components and somewhat depends on their localization to various subcellular compartments. In this study, we analyzed the intracellular localization of the V2 protein of Mulberry mosaic dwarf-associated virus (MMDaV), an unsigned species of the family Geminiviridae. We show that the V2 protein colocalizes with the nucleolar protein fibrillarin (NbFib2) in the nucleolus upon transient expression in the epidermal cells of Nicotiana benthamiana. A yeast-two hybrid assay, followed by bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays, demonstrated the specific interaction between V2 and NbFib2. Intriguingly, we find that the presence of MMDaV excludes the V2 protein from the nucleolus to nucleoplasm. We present evidence that the replication-associated protein A (RepA) protein of MMDaV interacts with V2 and enables the nucleolar exclusion of V2. We also show that, while V2 interacts with itself primarily in the nucleolus, the presence of RepA redirects the site of V2-V2 interaction from the nucleolus to the nucleoplasm. We further reveal that RepA promotes V2 out of the nucleolus presumably by directing the NbFib2-V2 complex from the nucleolus to the nucleoplasm. Considering the critical role of the nucleolus in plant virus infection, this RepA-dependent modulation of V2 nucleolar localization would be crucial for understanding the involvement of this subcellular compartment in plant-virus interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxue Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shaoshuang Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanxiang Ren
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shifang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuling Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xueping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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24
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Zheng L, Hong P, Guo X, Li Y, Xie L. Rice stripe virus p2 Colocalizes and Interacts with Arabidopsis Cajal Bodies and Its Domains in Plant Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:5182164. [PMID: 32685498 PMCID: PMC7317325 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5182164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
p2 of rice stripe virus may translocate from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and recruit nucleolar functions to promote virus systemic movement. Cajal bodies (CBs) are nuclear components associated with the nucleolus, which play a major role in plant virus infection. Coilin, a marker protein of CBs, is essential for CB formation and function. Coilin contains three domains, the N-terminal, the center, and the C-terminal fragments. Using yeast two-hybrid, colocalization, and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) approaches, we show that p2 interacts with the full-length of Arabidopsis thaliana coilin (Atcoilin), the center and C-terminal domain of Atcoilin in the nucleus. Moreover, the N-terminal is indispensable for Atcoilin to interact with Cajal bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luping Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Pengxiang Hong
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xiaonan Guo
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yang Li
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Li Xie
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
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25
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Lin W, Wu R, Qiu P, Jing Jin, Yang Y, Wang J, Lin Z, Zhang J, Wu Z, Du Z. A convenient in vivo cap donor delivery system to investigate the cap snatching of plant bunyaviruses. Virology 2020; 539:114-120. [PMID: 31710910 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2019.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Like their animal-infecting counterparts, plant bunyaviruses use capped RNA leaders cleaved from host cellular mRNAs to prime viral genome transcription in a process called cap-snatching, but in vivo systems to investigate the details of this process are lacking for them. Here, we report that Rice stripe tenuivirus (RSV) and Tomato spotted wilt tospovirus (TSWV) cleave capped RNA leaders from mRNAs transiently expressed by agroinfiltration, which makes it possible to artificially deliver defined cap donors to the two plant bunyaviruses with unprecedented convenience. With this system, some ideas regarding how plant bunyaviruses select and use capped RNA leaders can be tested easily. We were also able to obtain clear evidence that the capped RNA leaders selected by TSWV are generally longer than those by RSV. TSWV frequently uses the prime-and-realign mechanism in transcription primed by capped RNA leaders shorter than a certain length, like that has been demonstrated recently for RSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhong Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fuzhou, 350002, China; Plant virus research institute, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Ran Wu
- Plant virus research institute, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Ping Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fuzhou, 350002, China; Plant virus research institute, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Jing Jin
- Plant virus research institute, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yunyue Yang
- Plant virus research institute, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Jinglin Wang
- Plant virus research institute, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Zhonglong Lin
- China Tobacco Corporation Yunnan Company, Kunming, 650001, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Plant virus research institute, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Zujian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fuzhou, 350002, China; Plant virus research institute, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
| | - Zhenguo Du
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fuzhou, 350002, China; Plant virus research institute, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
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26
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Xu M, Mazur MJ, Tao X, Kormelink R. Cellular RNA Hubs: Friends and Foes of Plant Viruses. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2020; 33:40-54. [PMID: 31415225 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-06-19-0161-fi] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
RNA granules are dynamic cellular foci that are widely spread in eukaryotic cells and play essential roles in cell growth and development, and immune and stress responses. Different types of granules can be distinguished, each with a specific function and playing a role in, for example, RNA transcription, modification, processing, decay, translation, and arrest. By means of communication and exchange of (shared) components, they form a large regulatory network in cells. Viruses have been reported to interact with one or more of these either cytoplasmic or nuclear granules, and act either proviral, to enable and support viral infection and facilitate viral movement, or antiviral, protecting or clearing hosts from viral infection. This review describes an overview and recent progress on cytoplasmic and nuclear RNA granules and their interplay with virus infection, first in animal systems and as a prelude to the status and current developments on plant viruses, which have been less well studied on this thus far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Xu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Magdalena J Mazur
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Xiaorong Tao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Richard Kormelink
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
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27
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Medina-Puche L, Lozano-Duran R. Tailoring the cell: a glimpse of how plant viruses manipulate their hosts. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 52:164-173. [PMID: 31731105 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2019.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Viruses are intracellular parasites that completely rely on the molecular machinery of the infected host to complete their cycle. Upon invasion of a susceptible cell, viruses dramatically reshape the intracellular environment to suit their needs, in a complex process that requires the fine manipulation of multiple aspects of the host cell biology, including those enabling replication of the viral genome, facilitating suppression or avoidance of anti-viral plant defence mechanisms, and supporting precise intra-cellular and inter-cellular trafficking of viral components. This tailoring of the cell to fit viral functions occurs through the coordinated action of fast-evolving, multifunctional viral proteins, which efficiently target host factors. In this review, we intend to offer a glimpse of how plant viruses manipulate their hosts from a cell biology perspective, focusing on recent advances covering three specific aspects of the viral infection: viral manipulation of organelle function; virus-induced formation of viral replication complexes through membrane remodelling; and viral evasion of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Medina-Puche
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China
| | - Rosa Lozano-Duran
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China.
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28
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Navarro JA, Sanchez-Navarro JA, Pallas V. Key checkpoints in the movement of plant viruses through the host. Adv Virus Res 2019; 104:1-64. [PMID: 31439146 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aivir.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Plant viruses cannot exploit any of the membrane fusion-based routes of entry described for animal viruses. In addition, one of the distinctive structures of plant cells, the cell wall, acts as the first barrier against the invasion of pathogens. To overcome the rigidity of the cell wall, plant viruses normally take advantage of the way of life of different biological vectors. Alternatively, the physical damage caused by environmental stresses can facilitate virus entry. Once inside the cell and taking advantage of the characteristic symplastic continuity of plant cells, viruses need to remodel and/or modify the restricted pore size of the plasmodesmata (channels that connect plant cells). In a successful interaction for the virus, it can reach the vascular tissue to systematically invade the plant. The connections between the different cell types in this path are not designed to allow the passage of molecules with the complexity of viruses. During this process, viruses face different cell barriers that must be overcome to reach the distal parts of the plant. In this review, we highlight the current knowledge about how plant RNA viruses enter plant cells, move between them to reach vascular cells and overcome the different physical and cellular barriers that the phloem imposes. Finally, we update the current research on cellular organelles as key regulator checkpoints in the long-distance movement of plant viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose A Navarro
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Universidad Politécnica de Valencia-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jesus A Sanchez-Navarro
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Universidad Politécnica de Valencia-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia, Spain
| | - Vicente Pallas
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Universidad Politécnica de Valencia-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia, Spain.
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29
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Zhao W, Wang Q, Xu Z, Liu R, Cui F. Distinct replication and gene expression strategies of the Rice Stripe virus in vector insects and host plants. J Gen Virol 2019; 100:877-888. [PMID: 30990404 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent propagative plant viruses are usually transmitted between a vector insect and a host plant. To adapt to the two different organisms, viruses may show distinct genomic replication or gene expression patterns. To verify this hypothesis, we applied an aboslute real-time quantitative PCR method to measure and compare the replication levels of four genomic RNA segments and the expression levels of seven genes of rice stripe virus (RSV) according to the infection time in the small brown planthopper and rice plant, respectively. In the vector insect, RNA3 began replicating later than the other segments, and RNA2 remained nearly constant during the infection process. RNA1 was the dominant segment, and a difference of over 300-fold appeared among the four segments. In rice plants, the size of the four segments increased with infection time, but decreased to a low level in the late infection period. The ratios of the four segments varied by no more than 15-fold. In planthoppers, three expression patterns were observed for the seven viral genes during viral infection, while in rice plants, the expression patterns of the seven viral genes were similar. These results reflect distinct genomic replication and gene expression patterns in a persistent propagative plant virus in adapting to vector insects and host plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Zhao
- 1State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Qianshuo Wang
- 1State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
- 2Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, PR China
| | - Zhongtian Xu
- 3Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, PR China
- 4University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Renyi Liu
- 5College of Horticulture and FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Feng Cui
- 1State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
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30
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Zhao J, Xu J, Chen B, Cui W, Zhou Z, Song X, Chen Z, Zheng H, Lin L, Peng J, Lu Y, Deng Z, Chen J, Yan F. Characterization of Proteins Involved in Chloroplast Targeting Disturbed by Rice Stripe Virus by Novel Protoplast⁻Chloroplast Proteomics. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E253. [PMID: 30634635 PMCID: PMC6358847 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice stripe virus (RSV) is one of the most devastating viral pathogens in rice and can also cause the general chlorosis symptom in Nicotiana benthamiana plants. The chloroplast changes associated with chlorosis symptom suggest that RSV interrupts normal chloroplast functions. Although the change of proteins of the whole cell or inside the chloroplast in response to RSV infection have been revealed by proteomics, the mechanisms resulted in chloroplast-related symptoms and the crucial factors remain to be elucidated. RSV infection caused the malformation of chloroplast structure and a global reduction of chloroplast membrane protein complexes in N. benthamiana plants. Here, both the protoplast proteome and the chloroplast proteome were acquired simultaneously upon RSV infection, and the proteins in each fraction were analyzed. In the protoplasts, 1128 proteins were identified, among which 494 proteins presented significant changes during RSV; meanwhile, 659 proteins were identified from the chloroplasts, and 279 of these chloroplast proteins presented significant change. According to the label-free LC⁻MS/MS data, 66 nucleus-encoded chloroplast-related proteins (ChRPs), which only reduced in chloroplast but not in the whole protoplast, were identified, indicating that these nuclear-encoded ChRPswere not transported to chloroplasts during RSV infection. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis confirmed that RSV infection changed the biological process of protein targeting to chloroplast, where 3 crucial ChRPs (K4CSN4, K4CR23, and K4BXN9) were involved in the regulation of protein targeting into chloroplast. In addition to these 3 proteins, 41 among the 63 candidate proteins were characterized to have chloroplast transit peptides. These results indicated that RSV infection changed the biological process of protein targeting into chloroplast and the location of ChRPs through crucial protein factors, which illuminated a new layer of RSV⁻host interaction that might contribute to the symptom development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinping Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
- Texas A&M University AgriLife Research Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75252, USA.
| | - Jingjing Xu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Binghua Chen
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
- Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
- Center of Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Weijun Cui
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
- Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Zhongjing Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
| | - Xijiao Song
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
| | - Zhuo Chen
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
- Center of Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Hongying Zheng
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
- Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Lin Lin
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
- Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Jiejun Peng
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
- Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Yuwen Lu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
- Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Zhiping Deng
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
| | - Jianping Chen
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
- Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Fei Yan
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
- Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
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Souza PFN, Carvalho FEL. Killing two birds with one stone: How do Plant Viruses Break Down Plant Defenses and Manipulate Cellular Processes to Replicate Themselves? JOURNAL OF PLANT BIOLOGY = SINGMUL HAKHOE CHI 2019; 62:170-180. [PMID: 32218684 PMCID: PMC7090608 DOI: 10.1007/s12374-019-0056-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
As simple organisms with a parasite nature, viruses have become masters in manipulating and subvert cellular components, including host proteins and organelles, to improve viral replication. Therefore, the understanding of viral strategies to manipulate cell function disrupting plant defenses and enhancing viral infection cycles is fundamental to the production of virus-resistant plant lines. After invading susceptible plants, viruses create conditions that favor local and systemic infections by suppressing multiple layers of innate host defenses while use cellular machinery to own benefit. Viral interference in interlinked essential cellular functions results in phenotypic changes and disease symptoms, which debilitates plants favoring infection establishment. Herein in this review, the novelty it will be the discussion about the strategies used by (+) single strand RNA viruses to affect cellular processes and components to improve viral replication, in parallel to overcome plant defenses, favoring disease establishment by applying in one action using the same viral protein to coordinate viral replication and breaking down plant defense. This focus on plant-virus interaction was never done before, and this knowledge has the potential to help in the development of new strategies to produce resistant plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Filho Noronha Souza
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center of Science, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara Brazil
- Nebraska Center for Virology, Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska USA
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32
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Arif M, Islam SU, Adnan M, Anwar M, Ali H, Wu Z. Recent progress on gene silencing/suppression by virus-derived small interfering RNAs in rice viruses especially Rice grassy stunt virus. Microb Pathog 2018; 125:210-218. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Lu L, Wu S, Jiang J, Liang J, Zhou X, Wu J. Whole genome deep sequencing revealed host impact on population structure, variation and evolution of Rice stripe virus. Virology 2018; 524:32-44. [PMID: 30142571 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
High-throughput deep sequencing and variant detection showed that variations of Rice stripe virus (RSV) populations obtained from small brown planthopper-transmitted rice plants and sap-inoculated N. benthamiana plants were single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and insertion-deletions (InDels). The SNPs were more uniform across RSV genome, but InDels occurred mainly in the intergenic regions (IRs) and in the 5' or 3' noncoding regions. There were no clear patterns of InDels, although the inserted sequences were all from virus itself. Six, one, and one non-synonymous substitutions were respectively observed in the RdRP ORF, IR and the movement protein ORF. These non-synonymous substitutions were found to be stable, resulting in new consensus sequences in the NBL11 RSV population. Furthermore, the numbers of SNPs and InDels in RSV genome from N. benthamiana plants were much higher than that from O. sativa plants. These differences are likely caused by selection pressures generated by different host plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China.
| | - Sanling Wu
- Analysis Center of Agrobiology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Life and Environment Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China.
| | - Jun Jiang
- Kaifeng Xiangfu Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Kaifeng, Henan 475100, PR China.
| | - Jingting Liang
- Department of Applied Biological Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China.
| | - Xueping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China; State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China.
| | - Jianxiang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China.
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Pérez-Cañamás M, Hernández C. New Insights into the Nucleolar Localization of a Plant RNA Virus-Encoded Protein That Acts in Both RNA Packaging and RNA Silencing Suppression: Involvement of Importins Alpha and Relevance for Viral Infection. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2018; 31:1134-1144. [PMID: 29781763 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-02-18-0050-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite the fact that replication of plus-strand RNA viruses takes place in the cytoplasm of host cells, different proteins encoded by these infectious agents have been shown to localize in the nucleus, with high accumulation at the nucleolus. In most cases, the molecular determinants or biological significance of such subcellular localization remains elusive. Recently, we reported that protein p37 encoded by Pelargonium line pattern virus (family Tombusviridae) acts in both RNA packaging and RNA silencing suppression. Consistently with these functions, p37 was detected in the cytoplasm of plant cells, although it was also present in the nucleus and, particularly, in the nucleolus. Here, we searched for further insights into factors influencing p37 nucleolar localization and into its potential relevance for viral infection. Besides mapping the protein region containing the nucleolar localization signal, we have found that p37 interacts with distinct members of the importin alpha family-main cellular transporters for nucleo-cytoplasmic traffic of proteins-and that these interactions are crucial for nucleolar targeting of p37. Impairment of p37 nucleolar localization through downregulation of importin alpha expression resulted in a reduction of viral accumulation, suggesting that sorting of the protein to the major subnuclear compartment is advantageous for the infection process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miryam Pérez-Cañamás
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Politécnica de Valencia). Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación, Ed. 8E. Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Carmen Hernández
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Politécnica de Valencia). Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación, Ed. 8E. Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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Gilmer D, Ratti C, Michel F. Long-distance movement of helical multipartite phytoviruses: keep connected or die? Curr Opin Virol 2018; 33:120-128. [PMID: 30199788 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2018.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
All living organisms have to preserve genome integrity to ensure the survival of progeny generations. Viruses, though often regarded as 'non living', protect their nucleic acids from biotic and abiotic stresses, ranging from nuclease action to radiation-induced adducts. When the viral genome is split into multiple segments, preservation of at least one copy of each segment is required. While segmented and monopartite viruses use an all-in-one strategy, multipartite viruses have to address in the cell at least one of each viral particle in which the split positive stranded RNA genome is individually packaged. Here, we review and discuss the biology of multipartite helical RNA phytoviruses to outline our current hypothesis on a coordinated genomic RNA network RNP complex that preserves an all-in-one strategy and genome integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Gilmer
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IBMP UPR 2357, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Claudio Ratti
- Università di Bologna, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agroambientali, Viale G. Fanin 40, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabrice Michel
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IBMP UPR 2357, F-67000 Strasbourg, France.
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36
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Folimonova SY, Tilsner J. Hitchhikers, highway tolls and roadworks: the interactions of plant viruses with the phloem. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 43:82-88. [PMID: 29476981 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The phloem is of central importance to plant viruses, providing the route by which they spread throughout their host. Compared with virus movement in non-vascular tissue, phloem entry, exit, and long-distance translocation usually involve additional viral factors and complex virus-host interactions, probably, because the phloem has evolved additional protection against these molecular 'hitchhikers'. Recent progress in understanding phloem trafficking of endogenous mRNAs along with observations of membranous viral replication 'factories' in sieve elements challenge existing conceptions of virus long-distance transport. At the same time, the central role of the phloem in plant defences against viruses and the sophisticated viral manipulation of this host tissue are beginning to emerge.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jens Tilsner
- Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews, BMS Building, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, United Kingdom; Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, United Kingdom.
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37
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Li Z, Zhang Y, Jiang Z, Jin X, Zhang K, Wang X, Han C, Yu J, Li D. Hijacking of the nucleolar protein fibrillarin by TGB1 is required for cell-to-cell movement of Barley stripe mosaic virus. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2018; 19:1222-1237. [PMID: 28872759 PMCID: PMC6638131 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV) Triple Gene Block1 (TGB1) is a multifunctional movement protein with RNA-binding, ATPase and helicase activities which mainly localizes to the plasmodesmata (PD) in infected cells. Here, we show that TGB1 localizes to the nucleus and the nucleolus, as well as the cytoplasm, and that TGB1 nuclear-cytoplasmic trafficking is required for BSMV cell-to-cell movement. Prediction analyses and laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) experiments verified that TGB1 possesses a nucleolar localization signal (NoLS) (amino acids 95-104) and a nuclear localization signal (NLS) (amino acids 227-238). NoLS mutations reduced BSMV cell-to-cell movement significantly, whereas NLS mutations almost completely abolished movement. Furthermore, neither the NoLS nor NLS mutant viruses could infect Nicotiana benthamiana systemically, although the NoLS mutant virus was able to establish systemic infections of barley. Protein interaction experiments demonstrated that TGB1 interacts directly with the glycine-arginine-rich (GAR) domain of the nucleolar protein fibrillarin (Fib2). Moreover, in BSMV-infected cells, Fib2 accumulation increased by about 60%-70% and co-localized with TGB1 in the plasmodesmata. In addition, BSMV cell-to-cell movement in fib2 knockdown transgenic plants was reduced to less than one-third of that of non-transgenic plants. Fib2 also co-localized with both TGB1 and BSMV RNA, which are the main components of the ribonucleoprotein (RNP) movement complex. Collectively, these results show that TGB1-Fib2 interactions play a direct role in cell-to-cell movement, and we propose that Fib2 is hijacked by BSMV TGB1 to form a BSMV RNP which functions in cell-to-cell movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenggang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agro‐Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China
| | - Yongliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agro‐Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China
| | - Zhihao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Agro‐Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China
| | - Xuejiao Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Agro‐Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China
| | - Kun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agro‐Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China
| | - Xianbing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agro‐Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China
| | - Chenggui Han
- State Key Laboratory of Agro‐Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China
| | - Jialin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Agro‐Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China
| | - Dawei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agro‐Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China
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Identification of Functional Domain(s) of Fibrillarin Interacted with p2 of Rice stripe virus. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES & MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2018; 2018:8402839. [PMID: 29736196 PMCID: PMC5875058 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8402839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
p2 of Rice stripe virus may promote virus systemic infection by interacting with the full length of fibrillarin from Nicotiana benthamiana (NbFib2) in the nucleolus and cajal body (CB). NbFib2 contains three functional domains. We used yeast two-hybrid, colocalization, and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assays to study the interactions between p2 and the three domains of NbFib2, namely, the N-terminal fragment containing a glycine and arginine-rich (GAR) domain, the central RNA-binding domain, and the C-terminal fragment containing an α-helical domain. The results show that the N-terminal domain is indispensable for NbFib2 to localize in the nucleolus and cajal body. p2 binds all three regions of NbFib2, and they target to the nucleus but fail to the nucleolus and cajal bodies (CBs).
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39
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Kalinina NO, Makarova S, Makhotenko A, Love AJ, Taliansky M. The Multiple Functions of the Nucleolus in Plant Development, Disease and Stress Responses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:132. [PMID: 29479362 PMCID: PMC5811523 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The nucleolus is the most conspicuous domain in the eukaryotic cell nucleus, whose main function is ribosomal RNA (rRNA) synthesis and ribosome biogenesis. However, there is growing evidence that the nucleolus is also implicated in many other aspects of cell biology, such as regulation of cell cycle, growth and development, senescence, telomerase activity, gene silencing, responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. In the first part of the review, we briefly assess the traditional roles of the plant nucleolus in rRNA synthesis and ribosome biogenesis as well as possible functions in other RNA regulatory pathways such as splicing, nonsense-mediated mRNA decay and RNA silencing. In the second part of the review we summarize recent progress and discuss already known and new hypothetical roles of the nucleolus in plant growth and development. In addition, this part will highlight studies showing new nucleolar functions involved in responses to pathogen attack and abiotic stress. Cross-talk between the nucleolus and Cajal bodies is also discussed in the context of their association with poly(ADP ribose)polymerase (PARP), which is known to play a crucial role in various physiological processes including growth, development and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia O. Kalinina
- Branch of the Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Natalia O. Kalinina
| | - Svetlana Makarova
- Branch of the Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Antonida Makhotenko
- Branch of the Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Michael Taliansky
- Branch of the Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Michael Taliansky
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40
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Lin W, Qiu P, Jin J, Liu S, Ul Islam S, Yang J, Zhang J, Kormelink R, Du Z, Wu Z. The Cap Snatching of Segmented Negative Sense RNA Viruses as a Tool to Map the Transcription Start Sites of Heterologous Co-infecting Viruses. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2519. [PMID: 29312219 PMCID: PMC5735111 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Identification of the transcription start sites (TSSs) of a virus is of great importance to understand and dissect the mechanism of viral genome transcription but this often requires costly and laborious experiments. Many segmented negative-sense RNA viruses (sNSVs) cleave capped leader sequences from a large variety of mRNAs and use these cleaved leaders as primers for transcription in a conserved process called cap snatching. The recent developments in high-throughput sequencing have made it possible to determine most, if not all, of the capped RNAs snatched by a sNSV. Here, we show that rice stripe tenuivirus (RSV), a plant-infecting sNSV, co-infects Nicotiana benthamiana with two different begomoviruses and snatches capped leader sequences from their mRNAs. By determining the 5' termini of a single RSV mRNA with high-throughput sequencing, the 5' ends of almost all the mRNAs of the co-infecting begomoviruses could be identified and mapped on their genomes. The findings in this study provide support for the using of the cap snatching of sNSVs as a tool to map viral TSSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhong Lin
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Plant Protection College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ping Qiu
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Plant Protection College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jing Jin
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Plant Protection College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shunmin Liu
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Plant Protection College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Saif Ul Islam
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Plant Protection College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jinguang Yang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Plant Protection College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Richard Kormelink
- Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Zhenguo Du
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Plant Protection College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zujian Wu
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Plant Protection College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fuzhou, China
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41
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Kim H, Cho WK, Lian S, Kim KH. Identification of residues or motif(s) of the rice stripe virus NS3 protein required for self-interaction and for silencing suppressor activity. Virus Res 2017; 235:14-23. [PMID: 28392445 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2017.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Rice stripe virus (RSV) is an important pathogen of rice. The RSV genome consists of four single-stranded RNA segments that encode seven viral proteins. A previous report found that NS3 is a viral suppressor of RNA silencing and self interacts. Using a model that predicts protein structure, we identified amino acid residues or motifs, including four α-helix motifs, required for NS3 self-interaction. We then used yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assays to study the interactions between full-length NS3 and its truncated and alanine substitution mutants. Y2H and BiFC results showed that the N-terminal region of NS3 is essential for self-interaction. All α-helix deletion mutants and substitution mutants lost the ability to self-interact. To identify the relationship between NS3 self-interaction and silencing suppressor activity, we used a GFP silencing system in Nicotiana benthamiana with Agrobacterium-mediated transient overexpression of each mutated NS3 protein. All of the deletion and the α-helix substitution mutants that had lost the ability to self-interact also lost their silencing suppressor ability. The substitution of amino acids with alanine at positions 70-75, 76-83, and 173-177, however, resulted in mutants that were able to self-interact but were unable to function as silencing suppressors. These results suggest that RSV requires NS3 self-interaction to suppress RNA silencing and to thereby counter host defenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangil Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, and Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Kyong Cho
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, and Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sen Lian
- College of Crop Protection and Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, China
| | - Kook-Hyung Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, and Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Model-based structural and functional characterization of the Rice stripe tenuivirus nucleocapsid protein interacting with viral genomic RNA. Virology 2017; 506:73-83. [PMID: 28359901 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2017.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Rice stripe tenuivirus (RSV) is a filamentous, negative-strand RNA virus causing severe diseases on rice in Asian countries. The viral particle is composed predominantly of a nucleocapsid protein (NP) and genomic RNA. However, the molecular details of how the RSV NP interacts with genomic RNA during particle assembly remain largely unknown. Here, we modeled the NP-RNA complex and show that polar amino acids within a predicted groove of NP are critical for RNA binding and protecting the RNA from RNase digestion. RSV NP formed pentamers, hexamers, heptamers, and octamers. By modeling the higher-order structures, we found that oligomer formation was driven by the N-terminal amino arm of the NP. Deletion of this arm abolished oligomerization; the N-terminally truncated NP was less able to interact with RNA and protect RNA than was the wild type. These findings afford valuable new insights into molecular mechanism of RSV NPs interacting with genomic RNA.
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Chang CH, Hsu FC, Lee SC, Lo YS, Wang JD, Shaw J, Taliansky M, Chang BY, Hsu YH, Lin NS. The Nucleolar Fibrillarin Protein Is Required for Helper Virus-Independent Long-Distance Trafficking of a Subviral Satellite RNA in Plants. THE PLANT CELL 2016; 28:2586-2602. [PMID: 27702772 PMCID: PMC5134973 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.16.00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
RNA trafficking plays pivotal roles in regulating plant development, gene silencing, and adaptation to environmental stress. Satellite RNAs (satRNAs), parasites of viruses, depend on their helper viruses (HVs) for replication, encapsidation, and efficient spread. However, it remains largely unknown how satRNAs interact with viruses and the cellular machinery to undergo trafficking. Here, we show that the P20 protein of Bamboo mosaic potexvirus satRNA (satBaMV) can functionally complement in trans the systemic trafficking of P20-defective satBaMV in infected Nicotiana benthamiana The transgene-derived satBaMV, uncoupled from HV replication, was able to move autonomously across a graft union identified by RT-qPCR, RNA gel blot, and in situ RT-PCR analyses. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments revealed that the major nucleolar protein fibrillarin is coprecipitated in the P20 protein complex. Notably, silencing fibrillarin suppressed satBaMV-, but not HV-, phloem-based movement following grafting or coinoculation with HV Confocal microscopy revealed that the P20 protein colocalized with fibrillarin in the nucleoli and formed punctate structures associated with plasmodesmata. The mobile satBaMV RNA appears to exist as ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex composed of P20 and fibrillarin, whereas BaMV movement proteins, capsid protein, and BaMV RNA are recruited with HV coinfection. Taken together, our findings provide insight into movement of satBaMV via the fibrillarin-satBaMV-P20 RNP complex in phloem-mediated systemic trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hao Chang
- Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 11106, Taiwan
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Chen Hsu
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chuan Lee
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Shan Lo
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Jiun-Da Wang
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Jane Shaw
- The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Taliansky
- The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, United Kingdom
| | - Ban-Yang Chang
- Department of Biochemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Yau-Heiu Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Na-Sheng Lin
- Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 11106, Taiwan
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
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Mann KS, Bejerman N, Johnson KN, Dietzgen RG. Cytorhabdovirus P3 genes encode 30K-like cell-to-cell movement proteins. Virology 2016; 489:20-33. [PMID: 26700068 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2015.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Plant viruses encode movement proteins (MP) to facilitate cell-to-cell transport through plasmodesmata. In this study, using trans-complementation of a movement-defective turnip vein-clearing tobamovirus (TVCV) replicon, we show for the first time for cytorhabdoviruses (lettuce necrotic yellows virus (LNYV) and alfalfa dwarf virus (ADV)) that their P3 proteins function as MP similar to the TVCV P30 protein. All three MP localized to plasmodesmata when ectopically expressed. In addition, we show that these MP belong to the 30K superfamily since movement was inhibited by mutation of an aspartic acid residue in the critical 30K-specific LxD/N50-70G motif. We also report that Nicotiana benthamiana microtubule-associated VOZ1-like transcriptional activator interacts with LNYV P3 and TVCV P30 but not with ADV P3 or any of the MP point mutants. This host protein, which is known to interact with P3 of sonchus yellow net nucleorhabdovirus, may be involved in aiding the cell-to-cell movement of LNYV and TVCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krin S Mann
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Nicolas Bejerman
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Karyn N Johnson
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Ralf G Dietzgen
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
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Zheng L, Yao J, Gao F, Chen L, Zhang C, Lian L, Xie L, Wu Z, Xie L. The Subcellular Localization and Functional Analysis of Fibrillarin2, a Nucleolar Protein in Nicotiana benthamiana. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:2831287. [PMID: 26885505 PMCID: PMC4738988 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2831287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Nucleolar proteins play important roles in plant cytology, growth, and development. Fibrillarin2 is a nucleolar protein of Nicotiana benthamiana (N. benthamiana). Its cDNA was amplified by RT-PCR and inserted into expression vector pEarley101 labeled with yellow fluorescent protein (YFP). The fusion protein was localized in the nucleolus and Cajal body of leaf epidermal cells of N. benthamiana. The N. benthamiana fibrillarin2 (NbFib2) protein has three functional domains (i.e., glycine and arginine rich domain, RNA-binding domain, and α-helical domain) and a nuclear localization signal (NLS) in C-terminal. The protein 3D structure analysis predicted that NbFib2 is an α/β protein. In addition, the virus induced gene silencing (VIGS) approach was used to determine the function of NbFib2. Our results showed that symptoms including growth retardation, organ deformation, chlorosis, and necrosis appeared in NbFib2-silenced N. benthamiana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luping Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Virology of Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jinai Yao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Fangluan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Virology of Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Virology of Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Virology of Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Lingli Lian
- Key Laboratory of Plant Virology of Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Liyan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Plant Virology of Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zujian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Virology of Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Lianhui Xie
- Key Laboratory of Plant Virology of Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
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46
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Zhang C, Liu XJ, Wu KC, Zheng LP, Ding ZM, Li F, Zou P, Yang L, Wu JG, Wu ZJ. Rice grassy stunt virus nonstructural protein p5 serves as a viral suppressor of RNA silencing and interacts with nonstructural protein p3. Arch Virol 2015; 160:2769-79. [PMID: 26296721 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-015-2560-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Rice grassy stunt virus (RGSV), a member of the genus Tenuivirus, causes serious rice disease in Southeast Asian countries. In this study, a green fluorescent protein (GFP)-based transient expression assay was conducted to show that p5, encoded on RNA5 in the viral sense, is a viral suppressor of RNA silencing (VSR). Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) between p5 and all RGSV proteins except pC1 and pC2 were investigated using Gal4-based yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) experiments. The results demonstrated that p5 interacts with itself and with p3 encoded on RNA3 in the viral sense. p5-p5 and p5-p3 interactions were detected by bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assay, and the p5-p3 interaction was confirmed by subcellular co-localization and co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) assays. Using the Y2H system, we demonstrated that the p5-p3 interaction requires both the N-terminal (amino acid residues 1 to 99) and C-terminal (amino acid residues 94 to 191) domains of p5. In addition, either p5 or p3 could enhance the pathogenicity of potato virus X (PVX) in Nicotiana benthamiana plants. A much more significant enhancement of PVX pathogenicity and accumulation was observed when p5 and p3 were expressed together. Our data also showed that RGSV p3 does not function as a VSR, and it had no effect on the VSR activity of p5 or the subcellular localization pattern of p5 in plant cells from Nicotiana benthamiana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Virology of Fujian Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xiao-juan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Virology of Fujian Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Kang-cheng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Virology of Fujian Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Lu-Ping Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Virology of Fujian Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Zuo-mei Ding
- Key Laboratory of Plant Virology of Fujian Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Fei Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Virology of Fujian Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Peng Zou
- Key Laboratory of Plant Virology of Fujian Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Liang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Virology of Fujian Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Jian-guo Wu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Virology of Fujian Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
- Peking-Yale Joint Center for Plant Molecular Genetics and Agrobiotechnology, The National Laboratory of Protein Engineering and Plant Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
| | - Zu-jian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Virology of Fujian Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
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