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López-Angulo J, Matesanz S, Illuminati A, Pescador DS, Sánchez AM, Pías B, Chacón-Labella J, de la Cruz M, Escudero A. Ecological drivers of fine-scale distribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in a semiarid Mediterranean scrubland. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2023; 131:1107-1119. [PMID: 36976581 PMCID: PMC10457037 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcad050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi enhance the uptake of water and minerals by the plant hosts, alleviating plant stress. Therefore, AM fungal-plant interactions are particularly important in drylands and other stressful ecosystems. We aimed to determine the combined and independent effects of above- and below-ground plant community attributes (i.e. diversity and composition), soil heterogeneity and spatial covariates on the spatial structure of the AM fungal communities in a semiarid Mediterranean scrubland. Furthermore, we evaluated how the phylogenetic relatedness of both plants and AM fungi shapes these symbiotic relationships. METHODS We characterized the composition and diversity of AM fungal and plant communities in a dry Mediterranean scrubland taxonomically and phylogenetically, using DNA metabarcoding and a spatially explicit sampling design at the plant neighbourhood scale. KEY RESULTS The above- and below-ground plant community attributes, soil physicochemical properties and spatial variables explained unique fractions of AM fungal diversity and composition. Mainly, variations in plant composition affected the AM fungal composition and diversity. Our results also showed that particular AM fungal taxa tended to be associated with closely related plant species, suggesting the existence of a phylogenetic signal. Although soil texture, fertility and pH affected AM fungal community assembly, spatial factors had a greater influence on AM fungal community composition and diversity than soil physicochemical properties. CONCLUSIONS Our results highlight that the more easily accessible above-ground vegetation is a reliable indicator of the linkages between plant roots and AM fungi. We also emphasize the importance of soil physicochemical properties in addition to below-ground plant information, while accounting for the phylogenetic relationships of both plants and fungi, because these factors improve our ability to predict the relationships between AM fungal and plant communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús López-Angulo
- Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28933, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH), 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Matesanz
- Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28933, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - Angela Illuminati
- Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28933, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - David S Pescador
- Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28933, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacognosia y Botánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana M Sánchez
- Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28933, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Pías
- Departamento de Biodiversidad, Ecología y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Marcelino de la Cruz
- Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28933, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - Adrián Escudero
- Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28933, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
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Hiiesalu I, Schweichhart J, Angel R, Davison J, Doležal J, Kopecký M, Macek M, Řehakova K. Plant-symbiotic fungal diversity tracks variation in vegetation and the abiotic environment along an extended elevational gradient in the Himalayas. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2023; 99:fiad092. [PMID: 37562924 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiad092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi can benefit plants under environmental stress, and influence plant adaptation to warmer climates. However, very little is known about the ecology of these fungi in alpine environments. We sampled plant roots along a large fraction (1941-6150 m asl (above sea level)) of the longest terrestrial elevational gradient on Earth and used DNA metabarcoding to identify AM fungi. We hypothesized that AM fungal alpha and beta diversity decreases with increasing elevation, and that different vegetation types comprise dissimilar communities, with cultured (putatively ruderal) taxa increasingly represented at high elevations. We found that the alpha diversity of AM fungal communities declined linearly with elevation, whereas within-site taxon turnover (beta diversity) was unimodally related to elevation. The composition of AM fungal communities differed between vegetation types and was influenced by elevation, mean annual temperature, and precipitation. In general, Glomeraceae taxa dominated at all elevations and vegetation types; however, higher elevations were associated with increased presence of Acaulosporaceae, Ambisporaceae, and Claroideoglomeraceae. Contrary to our expectation, the proportion of cultured AM fungal taxa in communities decreased with elevation. These results suggest that, in this system, climate-induced shifts in habitat conditions may facilitate more diverse AM fungal communities at higher elevations but could also favour ruderal taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Hiiesalu
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, J. Liivi 2, 50 409 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Johannes Schweichhart
- Biology Centre of the CAS, Institute of Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Na Sádkách 702/7 , 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1160/31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Roey Angel
- Biology Centre of the CAS, Institute of Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Na Sádkách 702/7 , 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - John Davison
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, J. Liivi 2, 50 409 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jiři Doležal
- Institute of Botany of the CAS, Dukelská 135, 379 01 Třeboň, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1160/31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kopecký
- Institute of Botany of the CAS, Zámek 1, 252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 21, Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Macek
- Institute of Botany of the CAS, Zámek 1, 252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Klára Řehakova
- Biology Centre of the CAS, Institute of Hydrobiology, Na Sádkách 702/7, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Institute of Botany of the CAS, Dukelská 135, 379 01 Třeboň, Czech Republic
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Ramana JV, Tylianakis JM, Ridgway HJ, Dickie IA. Root diameter, host specificity and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal community composition among native and exotic plant species. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 239:301-310. [PMID: 36967581 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Plant root systems rely on a functionally diverse range of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to, among other benefits, extend their nutrient foraging. Extended nutrient foraging is likely of greatest importance to coarse-rooted plants, yet few studies have examined the link between root traits and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal community composition. Here, we examine the relationship between root diameter and the composition of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities in a range of native and exotic plant species. We characterized the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities of 30 co-occurring native and exotic montane grassland/shrubland plant species in New Zealand. We found that plant root diameter and native/exotic status both strongly correlated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal community composition. Coarse-rooted plants had a lower diversity of mycorrhizal fungi compared with fine-rooted plants and associated less with generalist fungal partners. Exotic plants had a lower diversity of fungi and fewer associations with nondominant families of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi compared with native plants. These observational patterns suggest that plants may differentially associate with fungal partners based on their root traits, with coarse-rooted plants being more specific in their associations. Furthermore, exotic plants may associate with dominant arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal taxa as a strategy in invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- John V Ramana
- Bioprotection Aotearoa, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, 8041, New Zealand
- Manaaki Whenua - Landcare Research, Lincoln, 7640, New Zealand
| | - Jason M Tylianakis
- Bioprotection Aotearoa, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, 8041, New Zealand
| | - Hayley J Ridgway
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Lincoln, 7608, New Zealand
| | - Ian A Dickie
- Bioprotection Aotearoa, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, 8041, New Zealand
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Poveda J, Rodríguez VM, Abilleira R, Velasco P. Trichoderma hamatum can act as an inter-plant communicator of foliar pathogen infections by colonizing the roots of nearby plants: A new inter-plant "wired communication". PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 330:111664. [PMID: 36858205 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Trichoderma is a genus of filamentous fungi widely studied and used as a biological control agent in agriculture. However, its ability to form fungal networks for inter-plant communication by means of the so-called inter-plant "wired communication" has not yet been addressed. In our study we used the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, the fungus Trichoderma hamatum (isolated from Brassicaceae plants) and the pathogens Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Xanthomonas campestris (necrotrophic fungus and hemibiotrophic bacteria, respectively). We performed different combinations of isolated/neighboring plants and root colonization/non-colonization by T. hamatum, as well as foliar infections with the pathogens. In this way, we were able to determine how, in the absence of T. hamatum, there is an inter-plant communication that induces systemic resistance in neighboring plants of plants infected by the pathogens. On the other hand, the plants colonized by T. hamatum roots show a greater systemic resistance against the pathogens. Regarding the role of T. hamatum as an inter-plant communicator, it is the result of an increase in foliar signaling by jasmonic acid (increased expression of LOX1 and VSP2 genes and decreased expression of ICS1 and PR-1 genes), antagonistically increasing root signaling by salicylic acid (increased expression of ICS1 and PR-1 genes and decreased expression of LOX1 and VSP2). This situation prevents root colonization by T. hamatum of the foliarly infected plant and leads to massive colonization of the neighboring plant, where jasmonic acid-mediated systemic defenses are induced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Poveda
- Recognised Research Group AGROBIOTECH, Department of Plant Production and Forest Resources, Higher Technical School of Agricultural Engineering of Palencia, University Institute for Research in Sustainable Forest Management (iuFOR), University of Valladolid, Avda. Madrid 57, 34004 Palencia, Spain.
| | - Víctor M Rodríguez
- Group of Genetics, Breeding and Biochemistry of Brassicas, Mision Biologica de Galicia (MBG-CSIC), 36143 Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Rosaura Abilleira
- Group of Genetics, Breeding and Biochemistry of Brassicas, Mision Biologica de Galicia (MBG-CSIC), 36143 Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Pablo Velasco
- Group of Genetics, Breeding and Biochemistry of Brassicas, Mision Biologica de Galicia (MBG-CSIC), 36143 Pontevedra, Spain
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Yang X, Ma Y, Zhang J, Bai H, Shen Y. How arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi drives herbaceous plants' C: N: P stoichiometry? A meta-analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 862:160807. [PMID: 36526182 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Plant element stoichiometry is fundamental for preserving growth-related terrestrial ecosystem structures and functions. However, effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on herbaceous plant element stoichiometry (carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P)) remain unclear. In this study, we aimed at evaluating the potential effects of AMF on herbaceous plant C, N and P concentration and their C:N:P stoichiometry worldwide through a quantitative meta-analysis. We observed that AMF reduced C:P and N:P ratios in the shoot of plants by 35.83 % and 54.23 %, respectively, and in plant root organs by 36.24 % and 46.35 %, respectively. Conversely, C:N ratios increased in roots by 6.61 %. The negative effect of AMF on N:P and C:P ratios in plant shoots and root organs is mainly attributed to the plant benefits in P and N concentrations. AMF impact on plant C:N:P stoichiometry depends on fungal and plant functional group identities and soil nutrient availability. Our results suggest that plant functional group identity affects plant nutrient concentration, which, in turn, controls herbaceous plant C:N:P stoichiometry. Overall, we emphasize the importance of abiotic and biotic environmental factors in changing AMF effects on plant element stoichiometry. Therefore, clarifying the relationship between AMF and herbaceous plant C:N:P stoichiometry will improve our understanding of herbaceous plant stoichiometric variations in terrestrial ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yang
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China; Ningxia Engineering Technology Research Center for Prataculture, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China
| | - Yurong Ma
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China
| | - Haotian Bai
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China
| | - Yue Shen
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China; Ningxia Engineering Technology Research Center for Prataculture, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China.
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Yang H, Mai S, Liu W, Fu J, Yang Q, Zhang B, Huang B. Variations of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi following succession stages in a tropical lowland rainforest ecosystem of South China. Front Ecol Evol 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2023.1125749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionThe grasslands in the Nature Reserve of Ganshenling, in the south of Hainan Island, were first formed after deforestation disturbance before a natural restoration of shrubs and secondary forests. However, the stages of grassland and shrubs in some parts of Ganshenling regions could not be naturally restored to secondary forests. In addition, the forest form of the secondary forest after 40 years (40a) of succession was similar to that of the secondary forest of 60 years (60a). However, it was not known whether the microorganisms recovered to the level of the secondary forest of 60a. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are plant root symbionts that can improve the nitrogen and phosphorus absorption of plants and play a key role in secondary forest succession. An understanding of the essential role of soil AMF in secondary forest succession of tropical rainforest in Ganshenling regions is still limited.MethodsTherefore, the soil of 0–10 cm was collected with the help of a 5-point sampling method in grassland, shrubs, and second tropical lowland rainforest of 40a and 60a. We studied community changes in AMF with the succession and explored the impacts of soil physicochemical properties on soil AMF.ResultsOur findings were as follows: (1) Different successional stages showed divergent effects on soil AMF communities. (2) After 40a recovery, the alpha-diversity indices of AMF recovered to the level of secondary forest of 60a, but the similarity of soil AMF communities only recovered to 25.3%. (3) Species richness of common species, rare species, and all the species of AMF showed a significantly positive correlation with soil nitrogen. (4) OTU10; OTU6, OTU9, and OTU141; OTU3 and OTU38; and OTU2, OTU15, OTU23, and OTU197 were significantly unique AMF for grasslands, shrubs, and secondary forests of 40a and 60a, respectively. (5) The phylogenetic tree and the heatmap of AMF showed that the OTUs in grasslands and shrubs were in contrast to the OTUs in secondary forests of 40a and 60a.DiscussionWe concluded that the succession of a secondary forest after deforestation disturbance was probably limited by its AMF community.
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Shao Y, Jiang S, Peng H, Li H, Li P, Jiang R, Fang W, Chen T, Jiang G, Yang T, Nambeesan SU, Xu Y, Dong C. Indigenous and commercial isolates of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi display differential effects in Pyrus betulaefolia roots and elicit divergent transcriptomic and metabolomic responses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1040134. [PMID: 36699828 PMCID: PMC9868765 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1040134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are beneficial soil fungi which can effectively help plants with acquisition of mineral nutrients and water and promote their growth and development. The effects of indigenous and commercial isolates of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on pear (Pyrus betulaefolia) trees, however, remains unclear. METHODS Trifolium repens was used to propagate indigenous AMF to simulate spore propagation in natural soils in three ways: 1. the collected soil was mixed with fine roots (R), 2. fine roots were removed from the collected soil (S), and 3. the collected soil was sterilized with 50 kGy 60Co γ-radiation (CK). To study the effects of indigenous AMF on root growth and metabolism of pear trees, CK (sterilized soil from CK in T. repens mixed with sterilized standard soil), indigenous AMF (R, soil from R in T. repens mixed with sterilized standard soil; S, soil from S in T. repens mixed with sterilized standard soil), and two commercial AMF isolates (Rhizophagus intraradices(Ri) and Funneliformis mosseae (Fm)) inoculated in the media with pear roots. Effects on plant growth, root morphology, mineral nutrient accumulation, metabolite composition and abundance, and gene expression were analyzed. RESULTS AMF treatment significantly increased growth performance, and altered root morphology and mineral nutrient accumulation in this study, with the S treatment displaying overall better performance. In addition, indigenous AMF and commercial AMF isolates displayed common and divergent responses on metabolite and gene expression in pear roots. Compared with CK, most types of flavones, isoflavones, and carbohydrates decreased in the AMF treatment, whereas most types of fatty acids, amino acids, glycerolipids, and glycerophospholipids increased in response to the AMF treatments. Further, the relative abundance of amino acids, flavonoids and carbohydrates displayed different trends between indigenous and commercial AMF isolates. The Fm and S treatments altered gene expression in relation to root metabolism resulting in enriched fructose and mannose metabolism (ko00051), fatty acid biosynthesis (ko00061) and flavonoid biosynthesis (ko00941). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that indigenous AMF and commercial AMF isolates elicited different effects in pear plants through divergent responses from gene transcription to metabolite accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadong Shao
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-Saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shangtao Jiang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-Saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haiying Peng
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-Saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Han Li
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-Saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peigen Li
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-Saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rou Jiang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-Saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenyi Fang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-Saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tingsu Chen
- Microbiology Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Gaofei Jiang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-Saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tianjie Yang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-Saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Savithri U. Nambeesan
- Department of Horticulture, 1111 Miller Plant Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Yangchun Xu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-Saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Caixia Dong
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-Saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Cappelli SL, Domeignoz-Horta LA, Loaiza V, Laine AL. Plant biodiversity promotes sustainable agriculture directly and via belowground effects. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 27:674-687. [PMID: 35279365 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2022.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
While the positive relationship between plant biodiversity and ecosystem functioning (BEF) is well established, the extent to which this is mediated via belowground microbial processes is poorly understood. Growing evidence suggests that plant community structure influences soil microbial diversity, which in turn promotes functions desired for sustainable agriculture. Here, we outline the 'plant-directed' and soil microbe-mediated mechanisms expected to promote positive BEF. We identify how this knowledge can be utilized in plant diversification schemes to maximize ecosystem functioning in agroecosystems, which are typically species poor and sensitive to biotic and abiotic stressors. In the face of resource overexploitation and global change, bridging the gaps between biodiversity science and agricultural practices is crucial to meet food security in the Anthropocene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seraina L Cappelli
- Research Centre for Ecological Change, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Luiz A Domeignoz-Horta
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Sciences, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Viviana Loaiza
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Sciences, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Anna-Liisa Laine
- Research Centre for Ecological Change, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Sciences, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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Guardiola-Márquez CE, Pacheco A, Mora-Godínez S, Schüßler A, Gradilla-Hernández MS, Senés-Guerrero C. Septoglomus species dominate the arbuscular mycorrhiza of five crop plants in an arid region of northern Mexico. Symbiosis 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-022-00851-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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10
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Huang K, Kardol P, Yan X, Luo X, Guo H. Plant–soil biota interactions explain shifts in plant community composition under global change. Funct Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kailing Huang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
| | - Paul Kardol
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Umeå Sweden
| | - Xuebin Yan
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
| | - Xi Luo
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
| | - Hui Guo
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
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Šmilauer P, Košnar J, Kotilínek M, Pecháčková S, Šmilauerová M. Host age and surrounding vegetation affect the community and colonization rates of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in a temperate grassland. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 232:290-302. [PMID: 34115391 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are important symbionts for the majority of terrestrial vascular plants, yet the drivers of the compositional variation in AMF communities need to be better understood. What effects does the ontogenetic stage of host plants have and do these effects differ between plant functional groups? Are the AMF communities modified by the properties of surrounding vegetation, such as the proportion of different functional groups or nonmycorrhizal plants ? We addressed these questions in a temperate grassland and studied AMF communities using next-generation sequencing and light microscopy, evaluating their composition, taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional diversity, functional traits and root colonization levels. We found important differences between AMF communities and their diversity between seedlings and adults which are larger than the differences among host species or between functional groups. The proportion of nonmycorrhizal plants in the surrounding affected AMF community composition and increased its richness. Our results highlight the need for further investigating the existence of a common mycelial networks. The decision to use seedlings for experimental work can affect the results more than the chosen host species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Šmilauer
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, České Budějovice, 370 05, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Košnar
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, České Budějovice, 370 05, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Kotilínek
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, České Budějovice, 370 05, Czech Republic
| | - Sylvie Pecháčková
- The West Bohemian Museum, Kopeckého Sady 2, Plzeň, 301 00, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Šmilauerová
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, České Budějovice, 370 05, Czech Republic
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da Silva SIA, de Souza TAF, de Lucena EO, da Silva LJR, Laurindo LK, dos Santos Nascimento G, Santos D. High phosphorus availability promotes the diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal spores’ community in different tropical crop systems. Biologia (Bratisl) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-021-00874-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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13
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Šmilauer P, Šmilauerová M, Kotilínek M, Košnar J. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities of forbs and C3 grasses respond differently to cultivation and elevated nutrients. MYCORRHIZA 2021; 31:455-470. [PMID: 34050407 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-021-01036-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) represent important players in the structure and function of many ecosystems. Yet, we learn about their roles mostly from greenhouse-based experiments, with results subjected to cultivation bias. This study explores multiple aspects of this bias and separates the effect of increased nutrient availability from other cultivation specifics. For 15 grassland plant species from two functional groups (C3 grasses vs dicotyledonous forbs), we compared AMF communities of adults collected from non-manipulated vegetation with those in plants grown in a greenhouse. Nutrient availability was comparable to field conditions or experimentally elevated. We evaluated changes in AMF community composition, diversity, root colonisation, and the averages of functional traits characterising hyphal soil exploration. Additionally, we use the data from the greenhouse experiment to propose a new plant functional trait-the change of AMF colonisation in response to nutrient surplus. The AMF community differed profoundly between field-collected and greenhouse-grown plants, with a larger change of its composition in grass species, and AMF community composition in grasses also responded more to fertilisation than in forbs. Taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity declined more in forbs under cultivation (particularly with elevated nutrients), because in their roots, the AMF taxa from families other than Glomeraceae largely disappeared. A decline in AMF colonisation was not caused by greenhouse cultivation itself but selectively by the elevation of nutrient availability, particularly in grass host species. We demonstrate that the extent of decrease in AMF colonisation with elevated nutrients is a useful plant functional trait explaining an observed response of the plant community to manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Šmilauer
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, CZ-370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Marie Šmilauerová
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, CZ-370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Kotilínek
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, CZ-370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Košnar
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, CZ-370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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14
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Guzman A, Montes M, Hutchins L, DeLaCerda G, Yang P, Kakouridis A, Dahlquist‐Willard RM, Firestone MK, Bowles T, Kremen C. Crop diversity enriches arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities in an intensive agricultural landscape. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 231:447-459. [PMID: 33638170 PMCID: PMC9292320 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are keystone symbionts of agricultural soils but agricultural intensification has negatively impacted AMF communities. Increasing crop diversity could ameliorate some of these impacts by positively affecting AMF. However, the underlying relationship between plant diversity and AMF community composition has not been fully resolved. We examined how greater crop diversity affected AMF across farms in an intensive agricultural landscape, defined by high nutrient input, low crop diversity and high tillage frequency. We assessed AMF communities across 31 field sites that were either monocultures or polycultures (growing > 20 different crop types) in three ways: richness, diversity and composition. We also determined root colonization across these sites. We found that polycultures drive the available AMF community into richer and more diverse communities while soil properties structure AMF community composition. AMF root colonization did not vary by farm management (monocultures vs polycultures), but did vary by crop host. We demonstrate that crop diversity enriches AMF communities, counteracting the negative effects of agricultural intensification on AMF, providing the potential to increase agroecosystem functioning and sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidee Guzman
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and ManagementUniversity of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyCA94720USA
| | - Marisol Montes
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and ManagementUniversity of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyCA94720USA
| | - Leslie Hutchins
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and ManagementUniversity of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyCA94720USA
| | - Gisel DeLaCerda
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and ManagementUniversity of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyCA94720USA
| | - Paula Yang
- Department of BiologyCalifornia State University, FresnoFresnoCA93740USA
| | - Anne Kakouridis
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and ManagementUniversity of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyCA94720USA
| | | | - Mary K. Firestone
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and ManagementUniversity of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyCA94720USA
| | - Timothy Bowles
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and ManagementUniversity of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyCA94720USA
| | - Claire Kremen
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and ManagementUniversity of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyCA94720USA
- Institute for Resources, Environment and SustainabilityUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCV6T 1Z4Canada
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15
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Zhang M, Shi Z, Yang M, Lu S, Cao L, Wang X. Molecular Diversity and Distribution of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi at Different Elevations in Mt. Taibai of Qinling Mountain. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:609386. [PMID: 33746912 PMCID: PMC7974767 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.609386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMFs) play a vital role in ecosystems, especially in ecosystem variability, diversity, and function. Understanding the AMF diversity, distribution, and their driver at different altitudinal gradients is a benefit for understanding the ecological function of AMF in mountain ecosystems. In this study, we explored the AMF molecular diversity and their distribution from 660 to 3,500 m a.s.l. in Mount Taibai of Qinling Mountains based on high-throughput sequencing technology. A total of 702 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in 103 species of AMF are isolated from soil samples, which belong to 18 identified and 1 unidentified genus in 10 families. The fungi in the genus of Glomus is the most dominant, with the occurrence frequency of 100% and the relative abundance of 42.268% and 33.048% on the species and OTU level, respectively. The AMF colonization in root could be simulated by a cubic function with the change of altitudes with the peak and trough at a.s.l. 1,170 and 2,850 m, respectively. Further, AMF diversity indices including Sob, Shannon diversity, and Pielou evenness also showed the same cubic function change trends with increasing altitude at OTU and species levels. However, the average values of diversity indices at OTU level are always higher than these at the species level. Based on the OTU level, the highest and lowest values of Shannon and Pielou indices are observed at the altitudes of 1,400 and 2,800 m, respectively. The pattern of AMF community distribution in Mt. Taibai is driven by altitude with the characteristics of more abundance in the medium- to low-altitude than high-altitude areas. In general, abundant AMF molecular diversity and species exit in different elevations of Mt. Taibai, which indicate gradient changes with elevations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengge Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Symbiotic Microorganism and Green Development, Luoyang, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Human Settlements, Luoyang, China
| | - Zhaoyong Shi
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Symbiotic Microorganism and Green Development, Luoyang, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Human Settlements, Luoyang, China
| | - Mei Yang
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Symbiotic Microorganism and Green Development, Luoyang, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Human Settlements, Luoyang, China
| | - Shichuan Lu
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Symbiotic Microorganism and Green Development, Luoyang, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Human Settlements, Luoyang, China
| | - Libing Cao
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Xugang Wang
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Symbiotic Microorganism and Green Development, Luoyang, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Human Settlements, Luoyang, China
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16
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Lubin TK, Alexander HM, Bever JD. Adaptation of plant‐mycorrhizal interactions to moisture availability in prairie restoration. Restor Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Terra K. Lubin
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Kansas Lawrence KS 66045 U.S.A
| | - Helen M. Alexander
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Kansas Lawrence KS 66045 U.S.A
| | - James D. Bever
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Kansas Lawrence KS 66045 U.S.A
- Kansas Biological Survey University of Kansas Lawrence KS 66045 U.S.A
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17
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Song F, Bai F, Wang J, Wu L, Jiang Y, Pan Z. Influence of Citrus Scion/Rootstock Genotypes on Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Community Composition under Controlled Environment Condition. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9070901. [PMID: 32708770 PMCID: PMC7412222 DOI: 10.3390/plants9070901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Citrus is vegetatively propagated by grafting for commercial production, and most rootstock cultivars of citrus have scarce root hairs, thus heavily relying on mutualistic symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) for mineral nutrient uptake. However, the AMF community composition, and its differences under different citrus scion/rootstock genotypes, were largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the citrus root-associated AMF diversity and richness, and assessed the influence of citrus scion/rootstock genotypes on the AMF community composition in a controlled condition, in order to exclude interferences from environmental factors and agricultural practices. As a result, a total of 613,408 Glomeromycota tags were detected in the citrus roots, and 46 AMF species were annotated against the MAARJAM database. Of these, 39 species belonged to Glomus, indicating a dominant role of the Glomus AMF in the symbiosis with citrus. PCoA analysis indicated that the AMF community’s composition was significantly impacted by both citrus scion and rootstock genotypes, but total samples were clustered according to rootstock genotype rather than scion genotype. In addition, AMF α diversity was significantly affected merely by rootstock genotype. Thus, rootstock genotype might exert a greater impact on the AMF community than scion genotype. Taken together, this study provides a comprehensive insight into the AMF community in juvenile citrus plants, and reveals the important effects of citrus genotype on AMF community composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Song
- Institute of Fruit and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Fuxi Bai
- Institute of Fruit and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Juanjuan Wang
- Institute National Agro-Technical Extension and Service Center (NATESC), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Liming Wu
- Institute of Fruit and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Yingchun Jiang
- Institute of Fruit and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Zhiyong Pan
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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18
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Zhu X, Yang W, Song F, Li X. Diversity and composition of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities in the cropland black soils of China. Glob Ecol Conserv 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e00964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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19
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Šmilauer P, Šmilauerová M, Kotilínek M, Košnar J. Foraging speed and precision of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi under field conditions: An experimental approach. Mol Ecol 2020; 29:1574-1587. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.15425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Petr Šmilauer
- Faculty of Science University of South Bohemia České Budějovice Czech Republic
| | - Marie Šmilauerová
- Faculty of Science University of South Bohemia České Budějovice Czech Republic
| | - Milan Kotilínek
- Faculty of Science University of South Bohemia České Budějovice Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Košnar
- Faculty of Science University of South Bohemia České Budějovice Czech Republic
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