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Vild O, Chudomelová M, Macek M, Kopecký M, Prach J, Petřík P, Halas P, Juříček M, Smyčková M, Šebesta J, Vojík M, Hédl R. Long-term shift towards shady and nutrient-rich habitats in Central European temperate forests. New Phytol 2024; 242:1018-1028. [PMID: 38436203 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Biodiversity world-wide has been under increasing anthropogenic pressure in the past century. The long-term response of biotic communities has been tackled primarily by focusing on species richness, community composition and functionality. Equally important are shifts between entire communities and habitat types, which remain an unexplored level of biodiversity change. We have resurveyed > 2000 vegetation plots in temperate forests in central Europe to capture changes over an average of five decades. The plots were assigned to eight broad forest habitat types using an algorithmic classification system. We analysed transitions between the habitat types and interpreted the trend in terms of changes in environmental conditions. We identified a directional shift along the combined gradients of canopy openness and soil nutrients. Nutrient-poor open-canopy forest habitats have declined strongly in favour of fertile closed-canopy habitats. However, the shift was not uniform across the whole gradients. We conclude that the shifts in habitat types represent a century-long successional trend with significant consequences for forest biodiversity. Open forest habitats should be urgently targeted for plant diversity restoration through the implementation of active management. The approach presented here can be applied to other habitat types and at different spatio-temporal scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondřej Vild
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, 252 43, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Markéta Chudomelová
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, 252 43, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Macek
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, 252 43, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kopecký
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, 252 43, Průhonice, Czech Republic
- Department of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jindřich Prach
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, 128 00, Prague 2, Czech Republic
- Center for Theoretical Study, Charles University and the Czech Academy of Sciences, Jilská 1, 11 000, Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Petřík
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, 252 43, Průhonice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 21, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Halas
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Geonics, Studentská 1768/9, 708 00, Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Juříček
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, 252 43, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Smyčková
- Department of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00, Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, 128 00, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Šebesta
- Department of Forest Botany, Dendrology and Geobiocoenology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University, Zemědělská 3, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Vojík
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 21, Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Nature Conservation Agency of the Czech Republic, Kaplanova 1931/1, 148 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radim Hédl
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, 252 43, Průhonice, Czech Republic
- Department of Botany, Palacký University in Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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2
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Padullés Cubino J, Lenoir J, Li D, Montaño-Centellas FA, Retana J, Baeten L, Bernhardt-Römermann M, Chudomelová M, Closset D, Decocq G, De Frenne P, Diekmann M, Dirnböck T, Durak T, Hédl R, Heinken T, Jaroszewicz B, Kopecký M, Macek M, Máliš F, Naaf T, Orczewska A, Petřík P, Pielech R, Reczyńska K, Schmidt W, Standovár T, Świerkosz K, Teleki B, Verheyen K, Vild O, Waller D, Wulf M, Chytrý M. Evaluating plant lineage losses and gains in temperate forest understories: a phylogenetic perspective on climate change and nitrogen deposition. New Phytol 2024; 241:2287-2299. [PMID: 38126264 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Global change has accelerated local species extinctions and colonizations, often resulting in losses and gains of evolutionary lineages with unique features. Do these losses and gains occur randomly across the phylogeny? We quantified: temporal changes in plant phylogenetic diversity (PD); and the phylogenetic relatedness (PR) of lost and gained species in 2672 semi-permanent vegetation plots in European temperate forest understories resurveyed over an average period of 40 yr. Controlling for differences in species richness, PD increased slightly over time and across plots. Moreover, lost species within plots exhibited a higher degree of PR than gained species. This implies that gained species originated from a more diverse set of evolutionary lineages than lost species. Certain lineages also lost and gained more species than expected by chance, with Ericaceae, Fabaceae, and Orchidaceae experiencing losses and Amaranthaceae, Cyperaceae, and Rosaceae showing gains. Species losses and gains displayed no significant phylogenetic signal in response to changes in macroclimatic conditions and nitrogen deposition. As anthropogenic global change intensifies, temperate forest understories experience losses and gains in specific phylogenetic branches and ecological strategies, while the overall mean PD remains relatively stable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep Padullés Cubino
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Spain
- Centre for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications (CREAF), Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Spain
| | - Jonathan Lenoir
- UMR CNRS 7058 'Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés' (EDYSAN), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, 80037, France
| | - Daijiang Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
- Center for Computation and Technology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - Flavia A Montaño-Centellas
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
- Center for Computation and Technology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - Javier Retana
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Spain
- Centre for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications (CREAF), Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Spain
| | - Lander Baeten
- Forest & Nature Lab, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, B-9090, Belgium
| | - Markus Bernhardt-Römermann
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, 07743, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Markéta Chudomelová
- Department of Vegetation Ecology, Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, 60200, Czech Republic
| | - Déborah Closset
- UMR CNRS 7058 'Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés' (EDYSAN), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, 80037, France
| | - Guillaume Decocq
- UMR CNRS 7058 'Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés' (EDYSAN), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, 80037, France
| | - Pieter De Frenne
- Forest & Nature Lab, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, B-9090, Belgium
| | - Martin Diekmann
- Institute of Ecology, University of Bremen, Bremen, 28334, Germany
| | - Thomas Dirnböck
- Environment Agency Austria, Ecosystem Research and Environmental Information Management, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Tomasz Durak
- Institute of Biology, University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, 35601, Poland
| | - Radim Hédl
- Department of Vegetation Ecology, Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, 60200, Czech Republic
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, Olomouc, 78371, Czech Republic
| | - Thilo Heinken
- General Botany, Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, 14469, Germany
| | - Bogdan Jaroszewicz
- Białowieża Geobotanical Station, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Białowieża, 17230, Poland
| | - Martin Kopecký
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, 25243, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Praha, 16521, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Macek
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, 25243, Czech Republic
| | - František Máliš
- Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, Zvolen, 96001, Slovakia
- National Forest Centre, Zvolen, 96001, Slovakia
| | - Tobias Naaf
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Müncheberg, 15374, Germany
| | - Anna Orczewska
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia, Katowice, 40007, Poland
| | - Petr Petřík
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, 25243, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Praha, 16500, Czech Republic
| | - Remigiusz Pielech
- Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Kraków, 30387, Poland
| | - Kamila Reczyńska
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, 50328, Poland
| | - Wolfgang Schmidt
- Department of Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Tibor Standovár
- Department of Plant Systematics, Ecology and Theoretical Biology, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary
| | - Krzysztof Świerkosz
- Museum of Natural History, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, 50335, Poland
| | - Balázs Teleki
- HUN-REN-UD Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services Research Group, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Kris Verheyen
- Forest & Nature Lab, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, B-9090, Belgium
| | - Ondřej Vild
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, 25243, Czech Republic
| | - Donald Waller
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Monika Wulf
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Müncheberg, 15374, Germany
| | - Milan Chytrý
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, 61137, Czech Republic
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3
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Ismaeel A, Tai APK, Santos EG, Maraia H, Aalto I, Altman J, Doležal J, Lembrechts JJ, Camargo JL, Aalto J, Sam K, Avelino do Nascimento LC, Kopecký M, Svátek M, Nunes MH, Matula R, Plichta R, Abera T, Maeda EE. Patterns of tropical forest understory temperatures. Nat Commun 2024; 15:549. [PMID: 38263406 PMCID: PMC10805846 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44734-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Temperature is a fundamental driver of species distribution and ecosystem functioning. Yet, our knowledge of the microclimatic conditions experienced by organisms inside tropical forests remains limited. This is because ecological studies often rely on coarse-gridded temperature estimates representing the conditions at 2 m height in an open-air environment (i.e., macroclimate). In this study, we present a high-resolution pantropical estimate of near-ground (15 cm above the surface) temperatures inside forests. We quantify diurnal and seasonal variability, thus revealing both spatial and temporal microclimate patterns. We find that on average, understory near-ground temperatures are 1.6 °C cooler than the open-air temperatures. The diurnal temperature range is on average 1.7 °C lower inside the forests, in comparison to open-air conditions. More importantly, we demonstrate a substantial spatial variability in the microclimate characteristics of tropical forests. This variability is regulated by a combination of large-scale climate conditions, vegetation structure and topography, and hence could not be captured by existing macroclimate grids. Our results thus contribute to quantifying the actual thermal ranges experienced by organisms inside tropical forests and provide new insights into how these limits may be affected by climate change and ecosystem disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ismaeel
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Programme, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Amos P K Tai
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Programme, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, and Institute of Environment, Energy and Sustainability, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Erone Ghizoni Santos
- Department of Geosciences and Geography, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 68, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heveakore Maraia
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Branisovska 31, CZ 370 05, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branisovska 1760, CZ 370 05, České Budějovice, Czechia
| | - Iris Aalto
- Department of Geosciences and Geography, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 68, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XP, UK
| | - Jan Altman
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, CZ-252 43, Průhonice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, CZ-16521, Praha 6-Suchdol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Doležal
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branisovska 1760, CZ 370 05, České Budějovice, Czechia
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, CZ-252 43, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Jonas J Lembrechts
- Research Group Plants and Ecosystems, University of Antwerp, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - José Luís Camargo
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragment Project (BDFFP) - National Institute of Amazonian Research (INPA), CP 478, 69067-375, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Juha Aalto
- Department of Geosciences and Geography, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 68, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, P.O. Box 503, FI-00101, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kateřina Sam
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Branisovska 31, CZ 370 05, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branisovska 1760, CZ 370 05, České Budějovice, Czechia
| | | | - Martin Kopecký
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, CZ-252 43, Průhonice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, CZ-16521, Praha 6-Suchdol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Svátek
- Department of Forest Botany, Dendrology and Geobiocoenology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 3, 61300, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Matheus Henrique Nunes
- Department of Geosciences and Geography, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 68, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Radim Matula
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, CZ-16521, Praha 6-Suchdol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Plichta
- Department of Forest Botany, Dendrology and Geobiocoenology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 3, 61300, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Temesgen Abera
- Department of Geosciences and Geography, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 68, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Environmental Informatics, Faculty of Geography, Philipps Universität-Marburg, Deutschhausstrasse, 12, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Eduardo Eiji Maeda
- Department of Geosciences and Geography, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 68, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland.
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, P.O. Box 503, FI-00101, Helsinki, Finland.
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4
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Landuyt D, Perring MP, Blondeel H, De Lombaerde E, Depauw L, Lorer E, Maes SL, Baeten L, Bergès L, Bernhardt-Römermann M, Brūmelis G, Brunet J, Chudomelová M, Czerepko J, Decocq G, den Ouden J, De Frenne P, Dirnböck T, Durak T, Fichtner A, Gawryś R, Härdtle W, Hédl R, Heinrichs S, Heinken T, Jaroszewicz B, Kirby K, Kopecký M, Máliš F, Macek M, Mitchell FJG, Naaf T, Petřík P, Reczyńska K, Schmidt W, Standovár T, Swierkosz K, Smart SM, Van Calster H, Vild O, Waller DM, Wulf M, Verheyen K. Combining multiple investigative approaches to unravel functional responses to global change in the understorey of temperate forests. Glob Chang Biol 2024; 30:e17086. [PMID: 38273496 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Plant communities are being exposed to changing environmental conditions all around the globe, leading to alterations in plant diversity, community composition, and ecosystem functioning. For herbaceous understorey communities in temperate forests, responses to global change are postulated to be complex, due to the presence of a tree layer that modulates understorey responses to external pressures such as climate change and changes in atmospheric nitrogen deposition rates. Multiple investigative approaches have been put forward as tools to detect, quantify and predict understorey responses to these global-change drivers, including, among others, distributed resurvey studies and manipulative experiments. These investigative approaches are generally designed and reported upon in isolation, while integration across investigative approaches is rarely considered. In this study, we integrate three investigative approaches (two complementary resurvey approaches and one experimental approach) to investigate how climate warming and changes in nitrogen deposition affect the functional composition of the understorey and how functional responses in the understorey are modulated by canopy disturbance, that is, changes in overstorey canopy openness over time. Our resurvey data reveal that most changes in understorey functional characteristics represent responses to changes in canopy openness with shifts in macroclimate temperature and aerial nitrogen deposition playing secondary roles. Contrary to expectations, we found little evidence that these drivers interact. In addition, experimental findings deviated from the observational findings, suggesting that the forces driving understorey change at the regional scale differ from those driving change at the forest floor (i.e., the experimental treatments). Our study demonstrates that different approaches need to be integrated to acquire a full picture of how understorey communities respond to global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dries Landuyt
- Forest&Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Melle, Belgium
| | - Michael P Perring
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (UKCEH), Bangor, UK
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Haben Blondeel
- Forest&Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Melle, Belgium
| | - Emiel De Lombaerde
- Forest&Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Melle, Belgium
| | - Leen Depauw
- Forest&Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Melle, Belgium
| | - Eline Lorer
- Forest&Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Melle, Belgium
| | - Sybryn L Maes
- Division of Forest, Nature and Landscape, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lander Baeten
- Forest&Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Melle, Belgium
| | - Laurent Bergès
- Laboratoire ecosystèmes et sociétés en montagne (LESSEM), National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and the Environment (INRAE), St-Martin d'Hères, France
| | - Markus Bernhardt-Römermann
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Jörg Brunet
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Lomma, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Jan den Ouden
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter De Frenne
- Forest&Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Melle, Belgium
| | | | - Tomasz Durak
- Institute of Biology, University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Andreas Fichtner
- Institute of Ecology, Leuphana University Lüneburg, Lüneburg, Germany
| | | | - Werner Härdtle
- Institute of Ecology, Leuphana University Lüneburg, Lüneburg, Germany
| | - Radim Hédl
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Steffi Heinrichs
- Department Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thilo Heinken
- General Botany, Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Bogdan Jaroszewicz
- Białowieża Geobotanical Station, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Białowieża, Poland
| | - Keith Kirby
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Martin Kopecký
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Martin Macek
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Fraser J G Mitchell
- Botany Department, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Tobias Naaf
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Petr Petřík
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kamila Reczyńska
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Wolfgang Schmidt
- Department Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tibor Standovár
- Department of Plant Systematics, Ecology and Theoretical Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krzysztof Swierkosz
- Museum of Natural History, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Simon M Smart
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (UKCEH), Lancaster University, Bailrigg, UK
| | | | - Ondřej Vild
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Donald M Waller
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Monika Wulf
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Kris Verheyen
- Forest&Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Melle, Belgium
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5
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Haesen S, Lenoir J, Gril E, De Frenne P, Lembrechts JJ, Kopecký M, Macek M, Man M, Wild J, Van Meerbeek K. Microclimate reveals the true thermal niche of forest plant species. Ecol Lett 2023; 26:2043-2055. [PMID: 37788337 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Species distributions are conventionally modelled using coarse-grained macroclimate data measured in open areas, potentially leading to biased predictions since most terrestrial species reside in the shade of trees. For forest plant species across Europe, we compared conventional macroclimate-based species distribution models (SDMs) with models corrected for forest microclimate buffering. We show that microclimate-based SDMs at high spatial resolution outperformed models using macroclimate and microclimate data at coarser resolution. Additionally, macroclimate-based models introduced a systematic bias in modelled species response curves, which could result in erroneous range shift predictions. Critically important for conservation science, these models were unable to identify warm and cold refugia at the range edges of species distributions. Our study emphasizes the crucial role of microclimate data when SDMs are used to gain insights into biodiversity conservation in the face of climate change, particularly given the growing policy and management focus on the conservation of refugia worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stef Haesen
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Celestijnenlaan 200E, Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven Plant Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Lenoir
- UMR CNRS 7058 « Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés » (EDYSAN), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Eva Gril
- UMR CNRS 7058 « Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés » (EDYSAN), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Pieter De Frenne
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Jonas J Lembrechts
- Research Group PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Martin Kopecký
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague 6 - Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Macek
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Matěj Man
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Wild
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague 6 - Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Koenraad Van Meerbeek
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Celestijnenlaan 200E, Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven Plant Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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6
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Hiiesalu I, Schweichhart J, Angel R, Davison J, Doležal J, Kopecký M, Macek M, Řehakova K. Plant-symbiotic fungal diversity tracks variation in vegetation and the abiotic environment along an extended elevational gradient in the Himalayas. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2023; 99:fiad092. [PMID: 37562924 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiad092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi can benefit plants under environmental stress, and influence plant adaptation to warmer climates. However, very little is known about the ecology of these fungi in alpine environments. We sampled plant roots along a large fraction (1941-6150 m asl (above sea level)) of the longest terrestrial elevational gradient on Earth and used DNA metabarcoding to identify AM fungi. We hypothesized that AM fungal alpha and beta diversity decreases with increasing elevation, and that different vegetation types comprise dissimilar communities, with cultured (putatively ruderal) taxa increasingly represented at high elevations. We found that the alpha diversity of AM fungal communities declined linearly with elevation, whereas within-site taxon turnover (beta diversity) was unimodally related to elevation. The composition of AM fungal communities differed between vegetation types and was influenced by elevation, mean annual temperature, and precipitation. In general, Glomeraceae taxa dominated at all elevations and vegetation types; however, higher elevations were associated with increased presence of Acaulosporaceae, Ambisporaceae, and Claroideoglomeraceae. Contrary to our expectation, the proportion of cultured AM fungal taxa in communities decreased with elevation. These results suggest that, in this system, climate-induced shifts in habitat conditions may facilitate more diverse AM fungal communities at higher elevations but could also favour ruderal taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Hiiesalu
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, J. Liivi 2, 50 409 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Johannes Schweichhart
- Biology Centre of the CAS, Institute of Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Na Sádkách 702/7 , 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1160/31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Roey Angel
- Biology Centre of the CAS, Institute of Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Na Sádkách 702/7 , 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - John Davison
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, J. Liivi 2, 50 409 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jiři Doležal
- Institute of Botany of the CAS, Dukelská 135, 379 01 Třeboň, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1160/31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kopecký
- Institute of Botany of the CAS, Zámek 1, 252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 21, Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Macek
- Institute of Botany of the CAS, Zámek 1, 252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Klára Řehakova
- Biology Centre of the CAS, Institute of Hydrobiology, Na Sádkách 702/7, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Institute of Botany of the CAS, Dukelská 135, 379 01 Třeboň, Czech Republic
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7
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Haesen S, Lembrechts JJ, De Frenne P, Lenoir J, Aalto J, Ashcroft MB, Kopecký M, Luoto M, Maclean I, Nijs I, Niittynen P, van den Hoogen J, Arriga N, Brůna J, Buchmann N, Čiliak M, Collalti A, De Lombaerde E, Descombes P, Gharun M, Goded I, Govaert S, Greiser C, Grelle A, Gruening C, Hederová L, Hylander K, Kreyling J, Kruijt B, Macek M, Máliš F, Man M, Manca G, Matula R, Meeussen C, Merinero S, Minerbi S, Montagnani L, Muffler L, Ogaya R, Penuelas J, Plichta R, Portillo-Estrada M, Schmeddes J, Shekhar A, Spicher F, Ujházyová M, Vangansbeke P, Weigel R, Wild J, Zellweger F, Van Meerbeek K. ForestClim-Bioclimatic variables for microclimate temperatures of European forests. Glob Chang Biol 2023; 29:2886-2892. [PMID: 37128754 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Microclimate research gained renewed interest over the last decade and its importance for many ecological processes is increasingly being recognized. Consequently, the call for high-resolution microclimatic temperature grids across broad spatial extents is becoming more pressing to improve ecological models. Here, we provide a new set of open-access bioclimatic variables for microclimate temperatures of European forests at 25 × 25 m2 resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stef Haesen
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, 3001, Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200E, Belgium
- KU Leuven Plant Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jonas J Lembrechts
- Research Group PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems), University of Antwerp, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Pieter De Frenne
- Forest and Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, 9090, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Lenoir
- UMR CNRS 7058 'Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés' (EDYSAN), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Juha Aalto
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, P.O. Box 503, FI-00101, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Geosciences and Geography, University of Helsinki, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2a, FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Michael B Ashcroft
- Centre for Sustainable Ecosystem Solutions, School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Martin Kopecký
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, CZ-25243, Průhonice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Prague 6 - Suchdol, CZ-165 21, Czech Republic
| | - Miska Luoto
- Department of Geosciences and Geography, University of Helsinki, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2a, FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ilya Maclean
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, TR10 9FE, UK
| | - Ivan Nijs
- Research Group PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems), University of Antwerp, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Pekka Niittynen
- Department of Geosciences and Geography, University of Helsinki, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2a, FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johan van den Hoogen
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Universitaetstrasse 2, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Arriga
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Josef Brůna
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, CZ-25243, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Nina Buchmann
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Universitaetstrasse 2, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marek Čiliak
- Faculty of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Technical University in Zvolen, T.G. Masaryka 24, 960 01, Zvolen, Slovakia
| | - Alessio Collalti
- Institute for Agriculture and Forestry Systems in the Mediterranean, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-ISAFOM), Perugia, Italy
| | - Emiel De Lombaerde
- Forest and Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, 9090, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Patrice Descombes
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Musée et Jardins Botaniques Cantonaux, 1007, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mana Gharun
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Universitaetstrasse 2, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Ignacio Goded
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Sanne Govaert
- Forest and Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, 9090, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Caroline Greiser
- Department of Physical Geography and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Achim Grelle
- Department of Forestry and Wood Technology, Linnaeus University, Växjö, 351 95, Sweden
| | | | - Lucia Hederová
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, CZ-25243, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Kristoffer Hylander
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jürgen Kreyling
- Experimental Plant Ecology, Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University of Greifswald, D-17487, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Bart Kruijt
- Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Macek
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, CZ-25243, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - František Máliš
- Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, T.G. Masaryka 24, 960 01, Zvolen, Slovakia
| | - Matěj Man
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, CZ-25243, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Giovanni Manca
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Radim Matula
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Prague 6 - Suchdol, CZ-165 21, Czech Republic
| | - Camille Meeussen
- Forest and Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, 9090, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Sonia Merinero
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C/Tulipán s/n, Móstoles, 28933, Spain
| | - Stefano Minerbi
- Forest Services, Autonomous Province of Bolzano, 39100, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Leonardo Montagnani
- Forest Services, Autonomous Province of Bolzano, 39100, Bolzano, Italy
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano, 39100, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Lena Muffler
- Plant Ecology, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Georg-August University of Goettingen, Untere Karspuele 2, 37073, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Romà Ogaya
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Catalonia, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Josep Penuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Catalonia, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Roman Plichta
- Department of Forest Botany, Dendrology and Geobiocoenology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Jonas Schmeddes
- Experimental Plant Ecology, Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University of Greifswald, D-17487, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ankit Shekhar
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Universitaetstrasse 2, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fabien Spicher
- UMR CNRS 7058 'Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés' (EDYSAN), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Mariana Ujházyová
- Faculty of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Technical University in Zvolen, T.G. Masaryka 24, 960 01, Zvolen, Slovakia
| | - Pieter Vangansbeke
- Forest and Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, 9090, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Robert Weigel
- Plant Ecology, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Georg-August University of Goettingen, Untere Karspuele 2, 37073, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Jan Wild
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, CZ-25243, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Florian Zellweger
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Koenraad Van Meerbeek
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, 3001, Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200E, Belgium
- KU Leuven Plant Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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8
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Man M, Wild J, Macek M, Kopecký M. Can high-resolution topography and forest canopy structure substitute microclimate measurements? Bryophytes say no. Sci Total Environ 2022; 821:153377. [PMID: 35077798 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Increasingly available high-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) facilitate the use of fine-scale topographic variables as proxies for microclimatic effects not captured by the coarse-grained macroclimate datasets. Species distributions and community assembly rules are, however directly shaped by microclimate and not by topography. DEM-derived topography, sometimes combined with vegetation structure, is thus widely used as a proxy for microclimatic effects in ecological research and conservation applications. However, the suitability of such a strategy has not been evaluated against in situ measured microclimate and species composition. Because bryophytes are highly sensitive to microclimate, they are ideal model organisms for such evaluation. To provide this much needed evaluation, we simultaneously recorded bryophyte species composition, microclimate, and forest vegetation structure at 218 sampling sites distributed across topographically complex sandstone landscape. Using a LiDAR-based DEM with a 1 m resolution, we calculated eleven topographic variables serving as a topographic proxy for microclimate. To characterize vegetation structure, we used hemispherical photographs and LiDAR canopy height models. Finally, we calculated eleven microclimatic variables from a continuous two-year time- series of air and soil temperature and soil moisture. To evaluate topography and vegetation structure as substitutes for the ecological effect of measured microclimate, we partitioned the variation in bryophyte species composition and richness explained by microclimate, topography, and vegetation structure. In situ measured microclimate was clearly the most important driver of bryophyte assemblages in temperate coniferous forests. The most bryophyte-relevant variables were growing degree days, maximum air temperature, and mean soil moisture. Our results thus showed that topographic variables, even when derived from high-resolution LiDAR data and combined with in situ sampled vegetation structure, cannot fully substitute effects of in situ measured microclimate on forest bryophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matěj Man
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, CZ-252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic; Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, CZ-128 01 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan Wild
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, CZ-252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic; Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, CZ-165 21 Prague 6, Suchdol, Czech Republic.
| | - Martin Macek
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, CZ-252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic.
| | - Martin Kopecký
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, CZ-252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic; Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, CZ-165 21 Prague 6, Suchdol, Czech Republic.
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9
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Lembrechts JJ, van den Hoogen J, Aalto J, Ashcroft MB, De Frenne P, Kemppinen J, Kopecký M, Luoto M, Maclean IMD, Crowther TW, Bailey JJ, Haesen S, Klinges DH, Niittynen P, Scheffers BR, Van Meerbeek K, Aartsma P, Abdalaze O, Abedi M, Aerts R, Ahmadian N, Ahrends A, Alatalo JM, Alexander JM, Allonsius CN, Altman J, Ammann C, Andres C, Andrews C, Ardö J, Arriga N, Arzac A, Aschero V, Assis RL, Assmann JJ, Bader MY, Bahalkeh K, Barančok P, Barrio IC, Barros A, Barthel M, Basham EW, Bauters M, Bazzichetto M, Marchesini LB, Bell MC, Benavides JC, Benito Alonso JL, Berauer BJ, Bjerke JW, Björk RG, Björkman MP, Björnsdóttir K, Blonder B, Boeckx P, Boike J, Bokhorst S, Brum BNS, Brůna J, Buchmann N, Buysse P, Camargo JL, Campoe OC, Candan O, Canessa R, Cannone N, Carbognani M, Carnicer J, Casanova‐Katny A, Cesarz S, Chojnicki B, Choler P, Chown SL, Cifuentes EF, Čiliak M, Contador T, Convey P, Cooper EJ, Cremonese E, Curasi SR, Curtis R, Cutini M, Dahlberg CJ, Daskalova GN, de Pablo MA, Della Chiesa S, Dengler J, Deronde B, Descombes P, Di Cecco V, Di Musciano M, Dick J, Dimarco RD, Dolezal J, Dorrepaal E, Dušek J, Eisenhauer N, Eklundh L, Erickson TE, Erschbamer B, Eugster W, Ewers RM, Exton DA, Fanin N, Fazlioglu F, Feigenwinter I, Fenu G, Ferlian O, Fernández Calzado MR, Fernández‐Pascual E, Finckh M, Higgens RF, Forte TGW, Freeman EC, Frei ER, Fuentes‐Lillo E, García RA, García MB, Géron C, Gharun M, Ghosn D, Gigauri K, Gobin A, Goded I, Goeckede M, Gottschall F, Goulding K, Govaert S, Graae BJ, Greenwood S, Greiser C, Grelle A, Guénard B, Guglielmin M, Guillemot J, Haase P, Haider S, Halbritter AH, Hamid M, Hammerle A, Hampe A, Haugum SV, Hederová L, Heinesch B, Helfter C, Hepenstrick D, Herberich M, Herbst M, Hermanutz L, Hik DS, Hoffrén R, Homeier J, Hörtnagl L, Høye TT, Hrbacek F, Hylander K, Iwata H, Jackowicz‐Korczynski MA, Jactel H, Järveoja J, Jastrzębowski S, Jentsch A, Jiménez JJ, Jónsdóttir IS, Jucker T, Jump AS, Juszczak R, Kanka R, Kašpar V, Kazakis G, Kelly J, Khuroo AA, Klemedtsson L, Klisz M, Kljun N, Knohl A, Kobler J, Kollár J, Kotowska MM, Kovács B, Kreyling J, Lamprecht A, Lang SI, Larson C, Larson K, Laska K, le Maire G, Leihy RI, Lens L, Liljebladh B, Lohila A, Lorite J, Loubet B, Lynn J, Macek M, Mackenzie R, Magliulo E, Maier R, Malfasi F, Máliš F, Man M, Manca G, Manco A, Manise T, Manolaki P, Marciniak F, Matula R, Mazzolari AC, Medinets S, Medinets V, Meeussen C, Merinero S, Mesquita RDCG, Meusburger K, Meysman FJR, Michaletz ST, Milbau A, Moiseev D, Moiseev P, Mondoni A, Monfries R, Montagnani L, Moriana‐Armendariz M, Morra di Cella U, Mörsdorf M, Mosedale JR, Muffler L, Muñoz‐Rojas M, Myers JA, Myers‐Smith IH, Nagy L, Nardino M, Naujokaitis‐Lewis I, Newling E, Nicklas L, Niedrist G, Niessner A, Nilsson MB, Normand S, Nosetto MD, Nouvellon Y, Nuñez MA, Ogaya R, Ogée J, Okello J, Olejnik J, Olesen JE, Opedal ØH, Orsenigo S, Palaj A, Pampuch T, Panov AV, Pärtel M, Pastor A, Pauchard A, Pauli H, Pavelka M, Pearse WD, Peichl M, Pellissier L, Penczykowski RM, Penuelas J, Petit Bon M, Petraglia A, Phartyal SS, Phoenix GK, Pio C, Pitacco A, Pitteloud C, Plichta R, Porro F, Portillo‐Estrada M, Poulenard J, Poyatos R, Prokushkin AS, Puchalka R, Pușcaș M, Radujković D, Randall K, Ratier Backes A, Remmele S, Remmers W, Renault D, Risch AC, Rixen C, Robinson SA, Robroek BJM, Rocha AV, Rossi C, Rossi G, Roupsard O, Rubtsov AV, Saccone P, Sagot C, Sallo Bravo J, Santos CC, Sarneel JM, Scharnweber T, Schmeddes J, Schmidt M, Scholten T, Schuchardt M, Schwartz N, Scott T, Seeber J, Segalin de Andrade AC, Seipel T, Semenchuk P, Senior RA, Serra‐Diaz JM, Sewerniak P, Shekhar A, Sidenko NV, Siebicke L, Siegwart Collier L, Simpson E, Siqueira DP, Sitková Z, Six J, Smiljanic M, Smith SW, Smith‐Tripp S, Somers B, Sørensen MV, Souza JJLL, Souza BI, Souza Dias A, Spasojevic MJ, Speed JDM, Spicher F, Stanisci A, Steinbauer K, Steinbrecher R, Steinwandter M, Stemkovski M, Stephan JG, Stiegler C, Stoll S, Svátek M, Svoboda M, Tagesson T, Tanentzap AJ, Tanneberger F, Theurillat J, Thomas HJD, Thomas AD, Tielbörger K, Tomaselli M, Treier UA, Trouillier M, Turtureanu PD, Tutton R, Tyystjärvi VA, Ueyama M, Ujházy K, Ujházyová M, Uogintas D, Urban AV, Urban J, Urbaniak M, Ursu T, Vaccari FP, Van de Vondel S, van den Brink L, Van Geel M, Vandvik V, Vangansbeke P, Varlagin A, Veen GF, Veenendaal E, Venn SE, Verbeeck H, Verbrugggen E, Verheijen FGA, Villar L, Vitale L, Vittoz P, Vives‐Ingla M, von Oppen J, Walz J, Wang R, Wang Y, Way RG, Wedegärtner REM, Weigel R, Wild J, Wilkinson M, Wilmking M, Wingate L, Winkler M, Wipf S, Wohlfahrt G, Xenakis G, Yang Y, Yu Z, Yu K, Zellweger F, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Zhao P, Ziemblińska K, Zimmermann R, Zong S, Zyryanov VI, Nijs I, Lenoir J. Global maps of soil temperature. Glob Chang Biol 2022; 28:3110-3144. [PMID: 34967074 PMCID: PMC9303923 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Research in global change ecology relies heavily on global climatic grids derived from estimates of air temperature in open areas at around 2 m above the ground. These climatic grids do not reflect conditions below vegetation canopies and near the ground surface, where critical ecosystem functions occur and most terrestrial species reside. Here, we provide global maps of soil temperature and bioclimatic variables at a 1-km2 resolution for 0-5 and 5-15 cm soil depth. These maps were created by calculating the difference (i.e. offset) between in situ soil temperature measurements, based on time series from over 1200 1-km2 pixels (summarized from 8519 unique temperature sensors) across all the world's major terrestrial biomes, and coarse-grained air temperature estimates from ERA5-Land (an atmospheric reanalysis by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts). We show that mean annual soil temperature differs markedly from the corresponding gridded air temperature, by up to 10°C (mean = 3.0 ± 2.1°C), with substantial variation across biomes and seasons. Over the year, soils in cold and/or dry biomes are substantially warmer (+3.6 ± 2.3°C) than gridded air temperature, whereas soils in warm and humid environments are on average slightly cooler (-0.7 ± 2.3°C). The observed substantial and biome-specific offsets emphasize that the projected impacts of climate and climate change on near-surface biodiversity and ecosystem functioning are inaccurately assessed when air rather than soil temperature is used, especially in cold environments. The global soil-related bioclimatic variables provided here are an important step forward for any application in ecology and related disciplines. Nevertheless, we highlight the need to fill remaining geographic gaps by collecting more in situ measurements of microclimate conditions to further enhance the spatiotemporal resolution of global soil temperature products for ecological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas J. Lembrechts
- Research Group PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems)University of AntwerpWilrijkBelgium
| | - Johan van den Hoogen
- Department of Environmental Systems ScienceInstitute of Integrative BiologyETH ZürichZürichSwitzerland
| | - Juha Aalto
- Finnish Meteorological InstituteHelsinkiFinland
- Department of Geosciences and GeographyUniversity of HelsinkiFinland
| | - Michael B. Ashcroft
- Centre for Sustainable Ecosystem Solutions, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life SciencesUniversity of WollongongWollongongNew South WalesAustralia
- Australian MuseumSydneyAustralia
| | - Pieter De Frenne
- Forest & Nature LabDepartment of EnvironmentGhent UniversityMelle‐GontrodeBelgium
| | | | - Martin Kopecký
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of SciencesPrůhoniceCzech Republic
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood SciencesCzech University of Life Sciences PraguePrague 6 ‐ SuchdolCzech Republic
| | - Miska Luoto
- Department of Geosciences and GeographyUniversity of HelsinkiFinland
| | - Ilya M. D. Maclean
- Environment and Sustainability InstituteUniversity of ExeterPenryn CampusPenrynUK
| | - Thomas W. Crowther
- Department of Environmental Systems ScienceInstitute of Integrative BiologyETH ZürichZürichSwitzerland
| | | | - Stef Haesen
- Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - David H. Klinges
- School of Natural Resources and EnvironmentUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
- Smithsonian Environmental Research CenterEdgewaterMarylandUSA
| | - Pekka Niittynen
- Department of Geosciences and GeographyUniversity of HelsinkiFinland
| | - Brett R. Scheffers
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and ConservationUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | | | - Peter Aartsma
- Department of Natural Sciences and Environmental HealthUniversity of South‐Eastern NorwayBøNorway
| | - Otar Abdalaze
- Alpine Ecosystems Research ProgramInstitute of EcologyIlia State UniversityTbilisiGeorgia
| | - Mehdi Abedi
- Department of Range ManagementFaculty of Natural Resources and Marine SciencesTarbiat Modares UniversityNoorIran
| | - Rien Aerts
- Department of Ecological ScienceVrije Universiteit AmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Negar Ahmadian
- Department of Range ManagementFaculty of Natural Resources and Marine SciencesTarbiat Modares UniversityNoorIran
| | | | | | - Jake M. Alexander
- Department of Environmental Systems ScienceInstitute of Integrative BiologyETH ZurichZürichSwitzerland
| | | | - Jan Altman
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of SciencesPrůhoniceCzech Republic
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood SciencesCzech University of Life Sciences PraguePrague 6 ‐ SuchdolCzech Republic
| | - Christof Ammann
- Department of Agroecology and EnvironmentAgroscope Research InstituteZürichSwitzerland
| | - Christian Andres
- Department of Environmental Systems ScienceETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | | | - Jonas Ardö
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem ScienceLund UniversityLundSweden
| | - Nicola Arriga
- European CommissionJoint Research Centre (JRC)IspraItaly
| | | | - Valeria Aschero
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y NaturalesUniversidad Nacional de CuyoMendozaArgentina
- Instituto Argentino de NivologiáGlaciologiá y Ciencias Ambientales (IANIGLA)CONICETCCT‐MendozaMendozaArgentina
| | | | - Jakob Johann Assmann
- Center for Sustainable Landscapes Under Global ChangeDepartment of BiologyAarhus UniversityAarhus CDenmark
- Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing WorldDepartment of BiologyAarhus UniversityAarhus CDenmark
| | - Maaike Y. Bader
- Ecological Plant GeographyFaculty of GeographyUniversity of MarburgMarburgGermany
| | - Khadijeh Bahalkeh
- Department of Range ManagementFaculty of Natural Resources and Marine SciencesTarbiat Modares UniversityNoorIran
| | - Peter Barančok
- Institute of Landscape Ecology Slovak Academy of SciencesBratislavaSlovakia
| | - Isabel C. Barrio
- Faculty of Environmental and Forest SciencesAgricultural University of IcelandReykjavíkIceland
| | - Agustina Barros
- Instituto Argentino de NivologiáGlaciologiá y Ciencias Ambientales (IANIGLA)CONICETCCT‐MendozaMendozaArgentina
| | - Matti Barthel
- Department of Environmental Systems ScienceETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Edmund W. Basham
- School of Natural Resources and EnvironmentUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Marijn Bauters
- Isotope Bioscience Laboratory ‐ ISOFYSGhent UniversityGentBelgium
| | - Manuele Bazzichetto
- Université de RennesCNRSEcoBio (Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution) ‐ UMR 6553RennesFrance
| | - Luca Belelli Marchesini
- Department of Sustainable Agro‐ecosystems and Bioresources, Research and Innovation CentreFondazione Edmund MachSan Michele all’AdigeItaly
| | | | | | | | - Bernd J. Berauer
- Institute of Landscape and Plant EcologyDepartment of Plant EcologyUniversity of HohenheimStuttgartGermany
- Disturbance EcologyBayCEERUniversity of BayreuthBayreuthGermany
| | - Jarle W. Bjerke
- Norwegian Institute for Nature ResearchFRAM ‐ High North Research Centre for Climate and the EnvironmentTromsøNorway
| | - Robert G. Björk
- Department of Earth SciencesUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity CentreGothenburgSweden
| | - Mats P. Björkman
- Department of Earth SciencesUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity CentreGothenburgSweden
| | - Katrin Björnsdóttir
- Department of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Benjamin Blonder
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and ManagementUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Pascal Boeckx
- Isotope Bioscience Laboratory ‐ ISOFYSGhent UniversityGentBelgium
| | - Julia Boike
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine ResearchTelegrafenberg A45PotsdamGermany
- Geography DepartmentHumboldt‐Universität zu BerlinGermany
| | - Stef Bokhorst
- Department of Ecological ScienceVrije Universiteit AmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Bárbara N. S. Brum
- Pós‐Graduação em Ciências de Florestas TropicaisInstituto Nacional de Pesquisas da AmazôniaManausBrasil
| | - Josef Brůna
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of SciencesPrůhoniceCzech Republic
| | - Nina Buchmann
- Department of Environmental Systems ScienceETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Pauline Buysse
- UMR ECOSYS INRAEUinversité Paris SaclayAgroParisTechFrance
| | - José Luís Camargo
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments ProjectBDFFPInstituto Nacional de Pesquisas da AmazôniaManausBrazil
| | - Otávio C. Campoe
- Department of Forest SciencesFederal University of LavrasLavrasBrazil
| | - Onur Candan
- Faculty of Arts and SciencesDepartment of Molecular Biology and GeneticsOrdu UniversityOrduTurkey
| | - Rafaella Canessa
- Ecological Plant GeographyFaculty of GeographyUniversity of MarburgMarburgGermany
- Plant Ecology GroupDepartment of Evolution and EcologyUniversity of TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Nicoletta Cannone
- Department of Science and High TechnologyInsubria UniversityComoItaly
| | - Michele Carbognani
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental SustainabilityUniversity of ParmaParmaItaly
| | - Jofre Carnicer
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental SciencesBiodiversity Research Institute (IRBio)University of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- CREAFE08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès)Spain
| | - Angélica Casanova‐Katny
- Laboratorio de Ecofisiología Vegetal y Cambio ClimáticoLaboratorio de Ecofisiología Vegetal y Cambio ClimáticoDepartamento de Ciencias Veterinarias y Salud PúblicaUniversidad Católica de TemucoCampus Luis Rivas del Canto and Núcleo de Estudios Ambientales (NEA)Facultad de Recursos NaturalesUniversidad Católica de TemucoTemucoChile
| | - Simone Cesarz
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Institute of BiologyLeipzig UniversityLeipzigGermany
| | - Bogdan Chojnicki
- Laboratory of BioclimatologyDepartment of Ecology and Environmental ProtectionPoznan University of Life SciencesPoznanPoland
| | - Philippe Choler
- Univ. Grenoble AlpesUniv. Savoie Mont BlancCNRSLECAGrenobleFrance
- Univ. Grenoble AlpesUniv. Savoie Mont BlancCNRSLTSER Zone Atelier AlpesGrenobleFrance
| | - Steven L. Chown
- Securing Antarctica's Environmental FutureSchool of Biological SciencesMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Edgar F. Cifuentes
- Forest Ecology and Conservation GroupDepartment of Plant SciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Marek Čiliak
- Faculty of Ecology and Environmental SciencesTechnical University in ZvolenZvolenSlovakia
| | - Tamara Contador
- Millennium Institute Biodiversity of Antarctic and Subantarctic Ecosystems (BASE)University Austral of ChileValdiviaChile
- Cape Horn International Center (CHIC)Puerto WilliamsChile
| | - Peter Convey
- British Antarctic SurveyNERC, High CrossCambridgeUK
| | - Elisabeth J. Cooper
- Department of Arctic and Marine BiologyFaculty of Biosciences Fisheries and EconomicsUiT‐The Arctic University of NorwayTromsøNorway
| | - Edoardo Cremonese
- Climate Change UnitEnvironmental Protection Agency of Aosta ValleyItaly
| | - Salvatore R. Curasi
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Notre DameNotre DameIndianaUSA
| | - Robin Curtis
- Environment and Sustainability InstituteUniversity of ExeterPenryn CampusPenrynUK
| | | | - C. Johan Dahlberg
- Department of EcologyEnvironment and Plant Sciences and Bolin Centre for Climate ResearchStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
- The County Administrative Board of Västra GötalandGothenburgSweden
| | | | | | | | - Jürgen Dengler
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Vegetation EcologyInstitute of Natural Resource Sciences (IUNR)ZHAW Zurich University of Applied SciencesWädenswilSwitzerland
- Plant EcologyBayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER)University of BayreuthBayreuthGermany
| | | | | | - Valter Di Cecco
- Majella Seed BankMajella National ParkColle MadonnaLama dei PeligniItaly
| | - Michele Di Musciano
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental SciencesUniversity of L'AquilaL'AquilaItaly
| | - Jan Dick
- UK Centre for Ecology and HydrologyPenicuikUK
| | - Romina D. Dimarco
- Grupo de Ecología de Poblaciones de InsectosIFAB (INTA ‐ CONICET)BarilocheArgentina
- Department of Biology and BiochemistryUniversity of HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Jiri Dolezal
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of SciencesPrůhoniceCzech Republic
- Faculty of ScienceDepartment of BotanyUniversity of South BohemiaČeské BudějoviceCzech Republic
| | - Ellen Dorrepaal
- Climate Impacts Research CentreDepartment of Ecology and Environmental ScienceUmeå UniversityAbiskoSweden
| | - Jiří Dušek
- Global Change Research InstituteAcademy of Sciences of the Czech RepublicCzech Republic
| | - Nico Eisenhauer
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Institute of BiologyLeipzig UniversityLeipzigGermany
| | - Lars Eklundh
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem ScienceLund UniversityLundSweden
| | - Todd E. Erickson
- School of Biological SciencesThe University of Western AustraliaCrawleyWestern AustraliaAustralia
- Kings Park ScienceDepartment of Biodiversity, Conservation and AttractionsKings ParkAustralia
| | - Brigitta Erschbamer
- Department of BotanyFaculty of BiologyUniversity of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Werner Eugster
- Department of Environmental Systems ScienceETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | | | | | - Nicolas Fanin
- INRAEBordeaux Sciences AgroUMR 1391 ISPAVillenave d'OrnonFrance
| | - Fatih Fazlioglu
- Faculty of Arts and SciencesDepartment of Molecular Biology and GeneticsOrdu UniversityOrduTurkey
| | - Iris Feigenwinter
- Department of Environmental Systems ScienceETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Giuseppe Fenu
- Department of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of CagliariCagliariItaly
| | - Olga Ferlian
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Institute of BiologyLeipzig UniversityLeipzigGermany
| | | | | | - Manfred Finckh
- Institute for Plant Science and MicrobiologyUniversity of HamburgHamburgGermany
| | | | - T'ai G. W. Forte
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental SustainabilityUniversity of ParmaParmaItaly
| | - Erika C. Freeman
- Ecosystems and Global Change GroupDepartment of Plant SciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Esther R. Frei
- WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLFDavos DorfSwitzerland
- Climate Change, Extremes and Natural Hazards in Alpine Regions Research Center CERCDavos DorfSwitzerland
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSLBirmensdorfSwitzerland
| | - Eduardo Fuentes‐Lillo
- Research Group PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems)University of AntwerpWilrijkBelgium
- Laboratorio de Invasiones Biológicas (LIB)Facultad de Ciencias ForestalesUniversidad de ConcepciónConcepciónChile
- School of Education and Social SciencesAdventist University of ChileChile
| | - Rafael A. García
- Laboratorio de Invasiones Biológicas (LIB)Facultad de Ciencias ForestalesUniversidad de ConcepciónConcepciónChile
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB)SantiagoChile
| | | | - Charly Géron
- Research Group PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems)University of AntwerpWilrijkBelgium
- Biodiversity and LandscapeTERRA Research CentreGembloux Agro‐Bio TechUniversity of LiègeGemblouxBelgium
| | - Mana Gharun
- Department of Environmental Systems ScienceETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Dany Ghosn
- Department of Geo‐information in Environmental ManagementMediterranean Agronomic Institute of ChaniaChaniaGreece
| | - Khatuna Gigauri
- Department of Environmental Management and PolicyGeorgian Institute of Public AffairsTbilisiGeorgia
| | - Anne Gobin
- Flemish Institute for Technological ResearchMolBelgium
- Department of Earth and Environmental ScienceFaculty of BioScience EngineeringKULeuvenBelgium
| | - Ignacio Goded
- European CommissionJoint Research Centre (JRC)IspraItaly
| | - Mathias Goeckede
- Department of Biogeochemical SignalsMax Planck Institute for BiogeochemistryJenaGermany
| | - Felix Gottschall
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Institute of BiologyLeipzig UniversityLeipzigGermany
| | - Keith Goulding
- Sustainable Agricultural Sciences DepartmentRothamsted ResearchHarpendenUK
| | - Sanne Govaert
- Forest & Nature LabDepartment of EnvironmentGhent UniversityMelle‐GontrodeBelgium
| | - Bente Jessen Graae
- Department of BiologyNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway
| | - Sarah Greenwood
- Biodiversity, Wildlife and Ecosystem HealthBiomedical SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Caroline Greiser
- Department of EcologyEnvironment and Plant Sciences and Bolin Centre for Climate ResearchStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | - Achim Grelle
- Department of EcologySwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaSweden
| | - Benoit Guénard
- School of Biological SciencesThe University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Mauro Guglielmin
- Department of Theoretical and Applied SciencesInsubria UniversityVareseItaly
| | - Joannès Guillemot
- CIRAD, UMR Eco&SolsMontpellierFrance
- Eco&SolsUniv MontpellierCIRADINRAEIRDMontpellier SupAgroMontpellierFrance
| | - Peter Haase
- Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum FrankfurtGelnhausenGermany
- Faculty of BiologyUniversity of Duisburg‐EssenEssenGermany
| | - Sylvia Haider
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Institute of Biology / Geobotany and Botanical GardenMartin Luther University Halle‐WittenbergHalle (Saale)Germany
| | - Aud H. Halbritter
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bjerknes Centre for Climate ResearchUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
| | - Maroof Hamid
- Centre for Biodiversity and TaxonomyDepartment of BotanyUniversity of KashmirSrinagarIndia
| | - Albin Hammerle
- Department of EcologyUniversity of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | | | - Siri V. Haugum
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bjerknes Centre for Climate ResearchUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
- The Heathland CentreAlverNorway
| | - Lucia Hederová
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of SciencesPrůhoniceCzech Republic
| | - Bernard Heinesch
- TERRA Teaching and Research CenterFaculty of Gembloux Agro‐Bio TechUniversity of LiegeGemblouxBelgium
| | | | - Daniel Hepenstrick
- Vegetation EcologyInstitute of Natural Resource SciencesZHAW Zurich University of Applied SciencesGrüentalSwitzerland
| | - Maximiliane Herberich
- Institute for BotanyUniversity of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU)ViennaAustria
| | - Mathias Herbst
- Centre for Agrometeorological Research (ZAMF)German Meteorological Service (DWD)BraunschweigGermany
| | - Luise Hermanutz
- Dept of BiologyMemorial UniversitySt. John'sNewfoundlandCanada
| | - David S. Hik
- Department of Biological SciencesSimon Fraser UniversityBurnabyBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Raúl Hoffrén
- Department of GeographyUniversity of ZaragozaZaragozaSpain
| | - Jürgen Homeier
- Faculty of Resource ManagementHAWK University of Applied Sciences and ArtsGöttingenGermany
- Plant EcologyAlbrecht‐von‐Haller‐Institute for Plant SciencesGeorg‐August University of GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Lukas Hörtnagl
- Department of Environmental Systems ScienceETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Toke T. Høye
- Department of Ecoscience and Arctic Research CentreAarhus UniversityRøndeDenmark
| | - Filip Hrbacek
- Department of GeographyFaculty of ScienceMasaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Kristoffer Hylander
- Department of EcologyEnvironment and Plant Sciences and Bolin Centre for Climate ResearchStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | - Hiroki Iwata
- Department of Environmental ScienceShinshu UniversityMatsumotoJapan
| | - Marcin Antoni Jackowicz‐Korczynski
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem ScienceLund UniversityLundSweden
- Department of Ecoscience and Arctic Research CentreAarhus UniversityRoskildeDenmark
| | | | - Järvi Järveoja
- Department of Forest Ecology and ManagementSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUmeåSweden
| | - Szymon Jastrzębowski
- Department of Silviculture and Forest Tree GeneticsForest Research InstituteRaszynPoland
| | - Anke Jentsch
- Disturbance EcologyBayCEERUniversity of BayreuthBayreuthGermany
- Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental ResearchBayreuthGermany
| | - Juan J. Jiménez
- ARAID/IPE‐CSICPyrenean Institute of EcologyAvda. Llano de la VictoriaSpain
| | | | - Tommaso Jucker
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - Alistair S. Jump
- Biological and Environmental SciencesFaculty of Natural SciencesUniversity of StirlingScotland
| | - Radoslaw Juszczak
- Laboratory of BioclimatologyDepartment of Ecology and Environmental ProtectionPoznan University of Life SciencesPoznanPoland
| | - Róbert Kanka
- Institute of Landscape Ecology Slovak Academy of SciencesBratislavaSlovakia
| | - Vít Kašpar
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of SciencesPrůhoniceCzech Republic
- Faculty of Environmental SciencesCzech University of Life Sciences PraguePrague 6 ‐ SuchdolCzech Republic
| | - George Kazakis
- Department of Geo‐information in Environmental ManagementMediterranean Agronomic Institute of ChaniaChaniaGreece
| | - Julia Kelly
- Centre for Environmental and Climate ScienceLund UniversityLundSweden
| | - Anzar A. Khuroo
- Centre for Biodiversity and TaxonomyDepartment of BotanyUniversity of KashmirSrinagarIndia
| | - Leif Klemedtsson
- Department of Earth SciencesUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Marcin Klisz
- Department of Silviculture and Forest Tree GeneticsForest Research InstituteRaszynPoland
| | - Natascha Kljun
- Centre for Environmental and Climate ScienceLund UniversityLundSweden
| | | | | | - Jozef Kollár
- Institute of Landscape Ecology Slovak Academy of SciencesBratislavaSlovakia
| | - Martyna M. Kotowska
- Plant EcologyAlbrecht‐von‐Haller‐Institute for Plant SciencesGeorg‐August University of GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Bence Kovács
- Centre for Ecological ResearchInstitute of Ecology and BotanyVácrátótHungary
| | - Juergen Kreyling
- Experimental Plant EcologyInstitute of Botany and Landscape EcologyUniversity of GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
| | - Andrea Lamprecht
- GLORIA CoordinationInstitute for Interdisciplinary Mountain ResearchAustrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW) & Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity ResearchUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Simone I. Lang
- Department of Arctic BiologyThe University Centre in Svalbard (UNIS)Longyearbyen, SvalbardNorway
| | - Christian Larson
- Department of Land Resources and Environmental SciencesMontana State UniversityBozemanMontanaUSA
| | - Keith Larson
- Climate Impacts Research CentreDepartment of Ecology and Environmental SciencesUmeå UniversityAbiskoSweden
| | - Kamil Laska
- Department of GeographyFaculty of ScienceMasaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
- Centre for Polar EcologyFaculty of ScienceUniversity of South BohemiaČeské BudějoviceCzech Republic
| | - Guerric le Maire
- CIRAD, UMR Eco&SolsMontpellierFrance
- Eco&SolsUniv MontpellierCIRADINRAEIRDMontpellier SupAgroMontpellierFrance
| | - Rachel I. Leihy
- School of Biological SciencesMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Luc Lens
- Terrestrial Ecology UnitDepartment of BiologyGhent UniversityGentBelgium
| | - Bengt Liljebladh
- Department of Earth SciencesUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Annalea Lohila
- Finnish Meteorological InstituteClimate System ResearchHelsinkiFinland
- INAR Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/PhysicsFaculty of ScienceUniversity of HelsinkiFinland
| | - Juan Lorite
- Department of BotanyUniversity of GranadaGranadaSpain
- Interuniversity Institute for Earth System ResearchUniversity of GranadaGranadaSpain
| | | | - Joshua Lynn
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bjerknes Centre for Climate ResearchUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
| | - Martin Macek
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of SciencesPrůhoniceCzech Republic
| | - Roy Mackenzie
- Millennium Institute Biodiversity of Antarctic and Subantarctic Ecosystems (BASE)University Austral of ChileValdiviaChile
| | - Enzo Magliulo
- CNR Institute for Agricultural and Forestry Systems in the MediterraneanPortici (Napoli)Italy
| | - Regine Maier
- Department of Environmental Systems ScienceETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Francesco Malfasi
- Department of Science and High TechnologyInsubria UniversityComoItaly
| | - František Máliš
- Faculty of ForestryTechnical University in ZvolenZvolenSlovakia
| | - Matěj Man
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of SciencesPrůhoniceCzech Republic
| | - Giovanni Manca
- European CommissionJoint Research Centre (JRC)IspraItaly
| | - Antonio Manco
- CNR Institute for Agricultural and Forestry Systems in the MediterraneanPortici (Napoli)Italy
| | - Tanguy Manise
- TERRA Teaching and Research CenterFaculty of Gembloux Agro‐Bio TechUniversity of LiegeGemblouxBelgium
| | - Paraskevi Manolaki
- School of Pure & Applied SciencesEnvironmental Conservation and Management ProgrammeOpen University of CyprusLatsiaCyprus
- Department of BiologyAarhus UniversityAarhus CDenmark
- Aarhus Institute of Advanced StudiesAIAS Høegh‐Guldbergs Gade 6BAarhusDenmark
| | - Felipe Marciniak
- Pós‐Graduação em Ciências de Florestas TropicaisInstituto Nacional de Pesquisas da AmazôniaManausBrasil
| | - Radim Matula
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood SciencesCzech University of Life Sciences PraguePrague 6 ‐ SuchdolCzech Republic
- Department of Forest Botany, Dendrology and GeobiocoenologyFaculty of Forestry and Wood TechnologyMendel University in BrnoBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Ana Clara Mazzolari
- Instituto Argentino de NivologiáGlaciologiá y Ciencias Ambientales (IANIGLA)CONICETCCT‐MendozaMendozaArgentina
| | - Sergiy Medinets
- Regional Centre for Integrated Environmental MonitoringOdesa National I.I. Mechnikov UniversityOdesaUkraine
- Department of AgroecologyAarhus UniversityTjeleDenmark
- NGO New EnergyKharkivUkraine
| | - Volodymyr Medinets
- Regional Centre for Integrated Environmental MonitoringOdesa National I.I. Mechnikov UniversityOdesaUkraine
| | - Camille Meeussen
- Forest & Nature LabDepartment of EnvironmentGhent UniversityMelle‐GontrodeBelgium
| | - Sonia Merinero
- Department of EcologyEnvironment and Plant Sciences and Bolin Centre for Climate ResearchStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | - Rita de Cássia Guimarães Mesquita
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments ProjectCoordenação de Dinâmica AmbientalInstituto Nacional de Pesquisas da AmazôniaManausBrazil
| | - Katrin Meusburger
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL)BirmensdorfSwitzerland
| | | | - Sean T. Michaletz
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research CentreUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Ann Milbau
- Department of EnvironmentProvince of AntwerpAntwerpenBelgium
| | - Dmitry Moiseev
- Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology of Ural Division of Russian Academy of ScienceEkaterinburgRussia
| | - Pavel Moiseev
- Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology of Ural Division of Russian Academy of ScienceEkaterinburgRussia
| | - Andrea Mondoni
- Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | | | | | - Mikel Moriana‐Armendariz
- Department of Arctic and Marine BiologyFaculty of Biosciences Fisheries and EconomicsUiT‐The Arctic University of NorwayTromsøNorway
| | - Umberto Morra di Cella
- Climate Change Unit, Environmental Protection Agency of Aosta ValleySaint‐ChristopheItaly
| | | | - Jonathan R. Mosedale
- Environment and Sustainability InstituteUniversity of ExeterPenryn CampusCornwallUK
| | - Lena Muffler
- Plant EcologyAlbrecht‐von‐Haller‐Institute for Plant SciencesGeorg‐August University of GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Miriam Muñoz‐Rojas
- Centre for Ecosystem ScienceSchool of Biological, Earth and Environmental SciencesUNSW SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Department of Plant Biology and EcologyUniversity of SevilleSevilleSpain
| | - Jonathan A. Myers
- Department of BiologyWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | | | - Laszlo Nagy
- Department of Animal BiologyInstitute of BiologyUniversity of CampinasCampinasBrazil
| | | | - Ilona Naujokaitis‐Lewis
- National Wildlife Research CentreEnvironment and Climate Change CanadaCarleton UniversityOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Emily Newling
- School of Life and Environmental SciencesDeakin UniversityBurwoodVictoriaAustralia
| | - Lena Nicklas
- Department of BotanyFaculty of BiologyUniversity of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Georg Niedrist
- Institute for Alpine EnvironmentEurac ResearchBozen/BolzanoItaly
| | - Armin Niessner
- Institute of BiologyDepartment of Molecular BotanyUniversity of HohenheimStuttgartGermany
| | - Mats B. Nilsson
- Department of Forest Ecology and ManagementSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUmeåSweden
| | - Signe Normand
- Center for Sustainable Landscapes Under Global ChangeDepartment of BiologyAarhus UniversityAarhus CDenmark
- Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing WorldDepartment of BiologyAarhus UniversityAarhus CDenmark
| | - Marcelo D. Nosetto
- Instituto de Matemática Aplicada San LuisIMASL, CONICET and Universidad Nacional de San LuisSan LuisArgentina
- Cátedra de Climatología Agrícola (FCA‐UNER)Entre RíosArgentina
| | - Yann Nouvellon
- CIRAD, UMR Eco&SolsMontpellierFrance
- Eco&SolsUniv MontpellierCIRADINRAEIRDMontpellier SupAgroMontpellierFrance
| | - Martin A. Nuñez
- Department of Biology and BiochemistryUniversity of HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
- Grupo de Ecología de InvasionesINIBIOMACONICET/ Universidad Nacional del ComahueBarilocheArgentina
| | - Romà Ogaya
- CSICGlobal Ecology Unit CREAF‐ CSIC‐UABBellaterraSpain
- CREAFSpain
| | - Jérôme Ogée
- INRAEBordeaux Sciences AgroUMR 1391 ISPAVillenave d'OrnonFrance
| | - Joseph Okello
- Isotope Bioscience Laboratory ‐ ISOFYSGhent UniversityGentBelgium
- Mountains of the Moon UniversityFort PortalUganda
- National Agricultural Research OrganisationMbarara Zonal Agricultural Research and Development InstituteMbararaUganda
| | - Janusz Olejnik
- Laboratory of MeteorologyDepartment of Construction and GeoengineeringFaculty of Environmental Engineering and Mechanical EngineeringPoznan University of Life SciencesPoznanPoland
| | | | | | - Simone Orsenigo
- Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | - Andrej Palaj
- Institute of Landscape Ecology Slovak Academy of SciencesBratislavaSlovakia
| | - Timo Pampuch
- Institute of Botany and Landscape EcologyUniversity GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
| | | | - Meelis Pärtel
- Institute of Ecology and Earth SciencesUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
| | - Ada Pastor
- Department of BiologyAarhus UniversityAarhus CDenmark
| | - Aníbal Pauchard
- Laboratorio de Invasiones Biológicas (LIB)Facultad de Ciencias ForestalesUniversidad de ConcepciónConcepciónChile
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB)SantiagoChile
| | - Harald Pauli
- GLORIA CoordinationInstitute for Interdisciplinary Mountain ResearchAustrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW) & Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity ResearchUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Marian Pavelka
- Global Change Research InstituteAcademy of Sciences of the Czech RepublicCzech Republic
| | - William D. Pearse
- Department of Biology and Ecology CenterUtah State UniversityLoganUtahUSA
- Department of Life SciencesImperial CollegeAscot, BerkshireUK
| | - Matthias Peichl
- Department of Forest Ecology and ManagementSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUmeåSweden
| | - Loïc Pellissier
- Landscape EcologyInstitute of Terrestrial EcosystemsDepartment of Environmental Systems ScienceETH ZürichZürichSwitzerland
- Unit of Land Change ScienceSwiss Federal Research Institute WSLBirmensdorfSwitzerland
| | | | - Josep Penuelas
- CSICGlobal Ecology Unit CREAF‐ CSIC‐UABBellaterraSpain
- CREAFSpain
| | - Matteo Petit Bon
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of SciencesPrůhoniceCzech Republic
- Department of Arctic and Marine BiologyFaculty of Biosciences Fisheries and EconomicsUiT‐The Arctic University of NorwayTromsøNorway
- Department of Arctic BiologyThe University Centre in Svalbard (UNIS)Longyearbyen, SvalbardNorway
| | - Alessandro Petraglia
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental SustainabilityUniversity of ParmaParmaItaly
| | - Shyam S. Phartyal
- School of Ecology and Environment StudiesNalanda UniversityRajgirIndia
| | | | - Casimiro Pio
- CESAM & Department of EnvironmentUniversity of AveiroAveiroPortugal
| | - Andrea Pitacco
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resourcesAnimals and Environment ‐ University of PaduaLegnaroItaly
| | - Camille Pitteloud
- Landscape EcologyInstitute of Terrestrial EcosystemsDepartment of Environmental Systems ScienceETH ZürichZürichSwitzerland
- Unit of Land Change ScienceSwiss Federal Research Institute WSLBirmensdorfSwitzerland
| | - Roman Plichta
- Department of Forest Botany, Dendrology and GeobiocoenologyFaculty of Forestry and Wood TechnologyMendel University in BrnoBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Francesco Porro
- Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | | | - Jérôme Poulenard
- Univ. Savoie Mont BlancCNRSUniv. Grenoble AlpesEDYTEMChambéryFrance
| | - Rafael Poyatos
- CREAFE08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès)Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaSpain
| | - Anatoly S. Prokushkin
- Siberian Federal UniversityKrasnoyarskRussia
- V.N. Sukachev Institute of Forest SB RASKrasnoyarskRussia
| | - Radoslaw Puchalka
- Department of Ecology and BiogeographyFaculty of Biological and Veterinary SciencesNicolaus Copernicus UniversityToruńPoland
- Centre for Climate Change ResearchNicolaus Copernicus UniversityToruńPoland
| | - Mihai Pușcaș
- A. Borza Botanic GardenBabeș‐Bolyai UniversityCluj‐NapocaRomania
- Faculty of Biology and GeologyDepartment of Taxonomy and EcologyBabeș‐Bolyai UniversityCluj‐NapocaRomania
- E. G. Racoviță InstituteBabeș‐Bolyai UniversityCluj‐NapocaRomania
| | - Dajana Radujković
- Research Group PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems)University of AntwerpWilrijkBelgium
| | - Krystal Randall
- Centre for Sustainable Ecosystem Solutions, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life SciencesUniversity of WollongongWollongongNew South WalesAustralia
- Securing Antarctica's Environmental Future, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life SciencesUniversity of WollongongWollongongNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Amanda Ratier Backes
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Institute of Biology / Geobotany and Botanical GardenMartin Luther University Halle‐WittenbergHalle (Saale)Germany
| | - Sabine Remmele
- Institute of BiologyDepartment of Molecular BotanyUniversity of HohenheimStuttgartGermany
| | - Wolfram Remmers
- University of Applied Sciences TrierEnvironmental Campus BirkenfeldBirkenfeldGermany
| | - David Renault
- Université de RennesCNRSEcoBio (Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution) ‐ UMR 6553RennesFrance
- Institut Universitaire de FranceParisFrance
| | - Anita C. Risch
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSLBirmensdorfSwitzerland
| | - Christian Rixen
- WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLFDavos DorfSwitzerland
- Climate Change, Extremes and Natural Hazards in Alpine Regions Research Center CERCDavos DorfSwitzerland
| | - Sharon A. Robinson
- Centre for Sustainable Ecosystem Solutions, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life SciencesUniversity of WollongongWollongongNew South WalesAustralia
- Securing Antarctica's Environmental Future, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life SciencesUniversity of WollongongWollongongNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Bjorn J. M. Robroek
- Aquatic Ecology and Environmental Biology, Radboud Institute for Environmental and Biological SciencesRadboud University NijmegenNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Adrian V. Rocha
- Department of Biological Sciences and the Environmental Change InitiativeUniversity of Notre DameNotre DameIndianaUSA
| | - Christian Rossi
- Swiss National ParkChastè Planta‐WildenbergZernezSwitzerland
- Remote Sensing LaboratoriesDepartment of GeographyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Graziano Rossi
- Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | - Olivier Roupsard
- CIRADUMR Eco&SolsDakarSenegal
- Eco&SolsUniv MontpellierCIRADINRAE, IRDInstitut AgroMontpellierFrance
- LMI IESOLCentre IRD‐ISRA de Bel AirDakarSenegal
| | | | - Patrick Saccone
- GLORIA CoordinationInstitute for Interdisciplinary Mountain ResearchAustrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW) & Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity ResearchUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaAustria
| | | | - Jhonatan Sallo Bravo
- Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del CuscoCuscoPerú
- Centro de Investigación de la Biodiversidad Wilhelm L. JohannsenCuscoPerú
| | - Cinthya C. Santos
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, PDBFFInstituto Nacional de Pesquisas da AmazôniaManausBrazil
| | - Judith M. Sarneel
- Department of Ecology and Environmental ScienceUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
| | - Tobias Scharnweber
- Institute of Botany and Landscape EcologyUniversity GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
| | - Jonas Schmeddes
- Experimental Plant EcologyInstitute of Botany and Landscape EcologyUniversity of GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
| | - Marius Schmidt
- Institute of Bio‐ and Geosciences (IBG‐3): AgrosphereForschungszentrum Jülich GmbHJülichGermany
| | - Thomas Scholten
- Chair of Soil Science and GeomorphologyDepartment of GeosciencesUniversity of TuebingenTuebingenGermany
| | - Max Schuchardt
- Disturbance EcologyBayCEERUniversity of BayreuthBayreuthGermany
| | - Naomi Schwartz
- Department of GeographyThe University of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Tony Scott
- Sustainable Agricultural Sciences DepartmentRothamsted ResearchHarpendenUK
| | - Julia Seeber
- Department of EcologyUniversity of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
- Institute for Alpine EnvironmentEurac ResearchBozen/BolzanoItaly
| | | | - Tim Seipel
- Department of Land Resources and Environmental SciencesMontana State UniversityBozemanMontanaUSA
| | | | - Rebecca A. Senior
- Princeton School of Public and International AffairsPrinceton UniversityPrincetonNew JerseyUSA
| | | | - Piotr Sewerniak
- Department of Soil Science and Landscape ManagementFaculty of Earth Sciences and Spatial ManagementNicolaus Copernicus UniversityToruńPoland
| | - Ankit Shekhar
- Department of Environmental Systems ScienceETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | | | | | - Laura Siegwart Collier
- Dept of BiologyMemorial UniversitySt. John'sNewfoundlandCanada
- Terra Nova National ParkParks Canada AgencyGlovertownNewfoundlandCanada
| | - Elizabeth Simpson
- Department of Biology and Ecology CenterUtah State UniversityLoganUtahUSA
| | - David P. Siqueira
- Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy RibeiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Zuzana Sitková
- National Forest CentreForest Research Institute ZvolenZvolenSlovakia
| | - Johan Six
- Department of Environmental Systems ScienceETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Marko Smiljanic
- Institute of Botany and Landscape EcologyUniversity GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
| | - Stuart W. Smith
- Department of BiologyNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway
- Department of Physical GeographyStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | - Sarah Smith‐Tripp
- Department of GeographyUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Ben Somers
- Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesLeuvenBelgium
| | - Mia Vedel Sørensen
- Department of BiologyNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway
| | | | - Bartolomeu Israel Souza
- Departamento de Geociências. Cidade UniversitáriaUniversidade Federal da ParaíbaJoão Pessoa ‐ PBBrasil
| | - Arildo Souza Dias
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, PDBFFInstituto Nacional de Pesquisas da AmazôniaManausBrazil
- Department of Physical GeographyGoethe‐Universität FrankfurtFrankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Marko J. Spasojevic
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal BiologyUniversity of California RiversideRiversideCaliforniaUSA
| | - James D. M. Speed
- Department of Natural HistoryNTNU University MuseumNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway
| | - Fabien Spicher
- UMR 7058 CNRS ‘Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés’ (EDYSAN)Univ. de Picardie Jules VerneAmiensFrance
| | - Angela Stanisci
- EnvixLabDipartimento di Bioscienze e TerritorioUniversità degli Studi del MoliseTermoliItaly
| | - Klaus Steinbauer
- GLORIA CoordinationInstitute for Interdisciplinary Mountain ResearchAustrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW) & Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity ResearchUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Rainer Steinbrecher
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK)Department of Atmospheric Environmental Research (IFU)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Garmisch‐PartenkirchenGermany
| | | | - Michael Stemkovski
- Department of Biology and Ecology CenterUtah State UniversityLoganUtahUSA
| | - Jörg G. Stephan
- Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesSLU Swedish Species Information CentreUppsalaSweden
| | | | - Stefan Stoll
- University of Applied Sciences TrierEnvironmental Campus BirkenfeldBirkenfeldGermany
- Faculty for BiologyUniversity Duisburg‐EssenEssenGermany
| | - Martin Svátek
- Department of Forest Botany, Dendrology and GeobiocoenologyFaculty of Forestry and Wood TechnologyMendel University in BrnoBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Miroslav Svoboda
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood SciencesCzech University of Life Sciences PraguePrague 6 ‐ SuchdolCzech Republic
| | - Torbern Tagesson
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem ScienceLund UniversityLundSweden
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource ManagementUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Andrew J. Tanentzap
- Ecosystems and Global Change GroupDepartment of Plant SciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Franziska Tanneberger
- Experimental Plant EcologyInstitute of Botany and Landscape EcologyUniversity of Greifswald, partner in the Greifswald Mire CentreGreifswaldGermany
| | - Jean‐Paul Theurillat
- Foundation J.‐M. AubertChampex‐LacSwitzerland
- Département de Botanique et Biologie végétaleUniversité de GenèveChambésySwitzerland
| | | | - Andrew D. Thomas
- Department of Geography and Earth SciencesAberystwyth UniversityWalesUK
| | - Katja Tielbörger
- Plant Ecology GroupDepartment of Evolution and EcologyUniversity of TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Marcello Tomaselli
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental SustainabilityUniversity of ParmaParmaItaly
| | - Urs Albert Treier
- Center for Sustainable Landscapes Under Global ChangeDepartment of BiologyAarhus UniversityAarhus CDenmark
- Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing WorldDepartment of BiologyAarhus UniversityAarhus CDenmark
| | - Mario Trouillier
- Institute of Botany and Landscape EcologyUniversity GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
| | - Pavel Dan Turtureanu
- A. Borza Botanic GardenBabeș‐Bolyai UniversityCluj‐NapocaRomania
- E. G. Racoviță InstituteBabeș‐Bolyai UniversityCluj‐NapocaRomania
- Center for Systematic Biology, Biodiversity and Bioresources ‐ 3BBabeș‐Bolyai UniversityCluj‐NapocaRomania
| | - Rosamond Tutton
- Northern Environmental Geoscience LaboratoryDepartment of Geography and PlanningQueen's UniversityKingstonOntarioCanada
| | - Vilna A. Tyystjärvi
- Department of Geosciences and GeographyUniversity of HelsinkiFinland
- Finnish Meteorological InstHelsinkiFinland
| | - Masahito Ueyama
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental SciencesOsaka Prefecture UniversityJapan
| | - Karol Ujházy
- Faculty of ForestryTechnical University in ZvolenZvolenSlovakia
| | - Mariana Ujházyová
- Faculty of Ecology and Environmental SciencesTechnical University in ZvolenZvolenSlovakia
| | | | - Anastasiya V. Urban
- Department of Forest Botany, Dendrology and GeobiocoenologyFaculty of Forestry and Wood TechnologyMendel University in BrnoBrnoCzech Republic
- V.N. Sukachev Institute of Forest SB RASKrasnoyarskRussia
| | - Josef Urban
- Siberian Federal UniversityKrasnoyarskRussia
- Department of Forest Botany, Dendrology and GeobiocoenologyFaculty of Forestry and Wood TechnologyMendel University in BrnoBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Marek Urbaniak
- Laboratory of MeteorologyDepartment of Construction and GeoengineeringFaculty of Environmental Engineering and Mechanical EngineeringPoznan University of Life SciencesPoznanPoland
| | - Tudor‐Mihai Ursu
- Institute of Biological Research Cluj‐NapocaNational Institute of Research and Development for Biological SciencesBucharestRomania
| | | | - Stijn Van de Vondel
- The Ecosystem Management Research Group (ECOBE)University of AntwerpWilrijk (Antwerpen)Belgium
| | - Liesbeth van den Brink
- Plant Ecology GroupDepartment of Evolution and EcologyUniversity of TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Maarten Van Geel
- Plant Conservation and Population BiologyDepartment of BiologyKU LeuvenHeverleeBelgium
| | - Vigdis Vandvik
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bjerknes Centre for Climate ResearchUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
| | - Pieter Vangansbeke
- Forest & Nature LabDepartment of EnvironmentGhent UniversityMelle‐GontrodeBelgium
| | - Andrej Varlagin
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and EvolutionRussian Academy of SciencesMoscowRussia
| | - G. F. Veen
- Netherlands Institute of EcologyWageningenthe Netherlands
| | - Elmar Veenendaal
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation GroupWageningen UniversityWageningenthe Netherlands
| | - Susanna E. Venn
- Centre for Integrative EcologySchool of Life and Environmental SciencesDeakin UniversityBurwoodVictoriaAustralia
| | - Hans Verbeeck
- CAVElab ‐ Computational and Applied Vegetation EcologyDepartment of EnvironmentGhent UniversityGentBelgium
| | - Erik Verbrugggen
- Research Group PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems)University of AntwerpWilrijkBelgium
| | - Frank G. A. Verheijen
- Earth Surface Processes TeamCentre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM)Department of Environment and PlanningUniversity of AveiroAveiroPortugal
| | - Luis Villar
- Instituto Pirenaico de EcologíaIPE‐CSIC. Av. Llano de la VictoriaJaca (Huesca)Spain
| | - Luca Vitale
- CNR ‐ Institute for Agricultural and Forestry Systems in the MediterraneanPorticiItaly
| | - Pascal Vittoz
- Institute of Earth Surface DynamicsFaculty of Geosciences and EnvironmentUniversity of LausanneGéopolisSwitzerland
| | | | - Jonathan von Oppen
- Center for Sustainable Landscapes Under Global ChangeDepartment of BiologyAarhus UniversityAarhus CDenmark
- Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing WorldDepartment of BiologyAarhus UniversityAarhus CDenmark
| | - Josefine Walz
- Climate Impacts Research CentreDepartment of Ecology and Environmental SciencesUmeå UniversityAbiskoSweden
| | - Runxi Wang
- School of Biological SciencesThe University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Yifeng Wang
- Northern Environmental Geoscience LaboratoryDepartment of Geography and PlanningQueen's UniversityKingstonOntarioCanada
| | - Robert G. Way
- Northern Environmental Geoscience LaboratoryDepartment of Geography and PlanningQueen's UniversityKingstonOntarioCanada
| | | | - Robert Weigel
- Plant EcologyAlbrecht‐von‐Haller‐Institute for Plant SciencesGeorg‐August University of GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Jan Wild
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of SciencesPrůhoniceCzech Republic
- Faculty of Environmental SciencesCzech University of Life Sciences PraguePrague 6 ‐ SuchdolCzech Republic
| | | | - Martin Wilmking
- Institute of Botany and Landscape EcologyUniversity GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
| | - Lisa Wingate
- INRAEBordeaux Sciences AgroUMR 1391 ISPAVillenave d'OrnonFrance
| | - Manuela Winkler
- GLORIA CoordinationInstitute for Interdisciplinary Mountain ResearchAustrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW) & Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity ResearchUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Sonja Wipf
- WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLFDavos DorfSwitzerland
- Swiss National ParkChastè Planta‐WildenbergZernezSwitzerland
| | - Georg Wohlfahrt
- Department of EcologyUniversity of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | | | - Yan Yang
- Institute of Mountain Hazards and EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesChengduP.R. China
| | - Zicheng Yu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security in Changbai MountainsSchool of Geographical SciencesNortheast Normal UniversityChangchunChina
- Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesLehigh UniversityBethlehemPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Kailiang Yu
- High Meadows Environmental InstitutePrinceton UniversityNew JerseyUSA
| | - Florian Zellweger
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSLBirmensdorfSwitzerland
| | - Jian Zhang
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research StationSchool of Ecological and Environmental SciencesEast China Normal UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Zhaochen Zhang
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research StationSchool of Ecological and Environmental SciencesEast China Normal UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Peng Zhao
- Department of Forest Ecology and ManagementSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUmeåSweden
| | - Klaudia Ziemblińska
- Laboratory of MeteorologyDepartment of Construction and GeoengineeringFaculty of Environmental Engineering and Mechanical EngineeringPoznan University of Life SciencesPoznanPoland
| | - Reiner Zimmermann
- Institute of BiologyDepartment of Molecular BotanyUniversity of HohenheimStuttgartGermany
- Ecological‐Botanical GardensUniversity of BayreuthBayreuthGermany
| | - Shengwei Zong
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security in Changbai MountainsMinistry of EducationSchool of Geographical SciencesNortheast Normal UniversityChangchunChina
| | | | - Ivan Nijs
- Research Group PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems)University of AntwerpWilrijkBelgium
| | - Jonathan Lenoir
- UMR 7058 CNRS ‘Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés’ (EDYSAN)Univ. de Picardie Jules VerneAmiensFrance
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10
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Staude IR, Pereira HM, Daskalova GN, Bernhardt-Römermann M, Diekmann M, Pauli H, Van Calster H, Vellend M, Bjorkman AD, Brunet J, De Frenne P, Hédl R, Jandt U, Lenoir J, Myers-Smith IH, Verheyen K, Wipf S, Wulf M, Andrews C, Barančok P, Barni E, Benito-Alonso JL, Bennie J, Berki I, Blüml V, Chudomelová M, Decocq G, Dick J, Dirnböck T, Durak T, Eriksson O, Erschbamer B, Graae BJ, Heinken T, Schei FH, Jaroszewicz B, Kopecký M, Kudernatsch T, Macek M, Malicki M, Máliš F, Michelsen O, Naaf T, Nagel TA, Newton AC, Nicklas L, Oddi L, Ortmann-Ajkai A, Palaj A, Petraglia A, Petřík P, Pielech R, Porro F, Puşcaş M, Reczyńska K, Rixen C, Schmidt W, Standovár T, Steinbauer K, Świerkosz K, Teleki B, Theurillat JP, Turtureanu PD, Ursu TM, Vanneste T, Vergeer P, Vild O, Villar L, Vittoz P, Winkler M, Baeten L. Directional turnover towards larger-ranged plants over time and across habitats. Ecol Lett 2021; 25:466-482. [PMID: 34866301 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Species turnover is ubiquitous. However, it remains unknown whether certain types of species are consistently gained or lost across different habitats. Here, we analysed the trajectories of 1827 plant species over time intervals of up to 78 years at 141 sites across mountain summits, forests, and lowland grasslands in Europe. We found, albeit with relatively small effect sizes, displacements of smaller- by larger-ranged species across habitats. Communities shifted in parallel towards more nutrient-demanding species, with species from nutrient-rich habitats having larger ranges. Because these species are typically strong competitors, declines of smaller-ranged species could reflect not only abiotic drivers of global change, but also biotic pressure from increased competition. The ubiquitous component of turnover based on species range size we found here may partially reconcile findings of no net loss in local diversity with global species loss, and link community-scale turnover to macroecological processes such as biotic homogenisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingmar R Staude
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Henrique M Pereira
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.,CIBIO (Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources)-InBIO (Research Network in Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology), Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal
| | | | - Markus Bernhardt-Römermann
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Diekmann
- Institute of Ecology, FB 2, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Harald Pauli
- GLORIA Coordination, Institute for Interdisciplinary Mountain Research at the Austrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW-IGF), Vienna, Austria.,GLORIA Coordination, Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Research at the University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Mark Vellend
- Département de biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Anne D Bjorkman
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jörg Brunet
- Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
| | | | - Radim Hédl
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ute Jandt
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Jonathan Lenoir
- UR "Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés" (EDYSAN, UMR7058 CNRS), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | | | - Kris Verheyen
- Forest & Nature Lab, Ghent University, Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Sonja Wipf
- WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Davos, Switzerland.,Swiss National Park, Zernez, Switzerland
| | - Monika Wulf
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Müncheberg, Germany
| | | | - Peter Barančok
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Elena Barni
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Jonathan Bennie
- Centre for Geography and Environmental Science, Exeter University, Penryn, Cornwall, UK
| | - Imre Berki
- Faculty of Forestry, University of Sopron, Sopron, Hungary
| | | | | | - Guillaume Decocq
- UR "Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés" (EDYSAN, UMR7058 CNRS), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Jan Dick
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Penicuik, Midlothian, UK
| | | | - Tomasz Durak
- Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Ove Eriksson
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Thilo Heinken
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Bogdan Jaroszewicz
- Białowieża Geobotanical Station, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Białowieża, Poland
| | - Martin Kopecký
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Praha, Czech Republic
| | | | - Martin Macek
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Malicki
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland.,Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - František Máliš
- Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovakia.,National Forest Centre, Zvolen, Slovakia
| | - Ottar Michelsen
- Department of Industrial Economics and Technology Management, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tobias Naaf
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Muencheberg, Germany
| | - Thomas A Nagel
- Department of Forestry and Renewable Forest Resources, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Adrian C Newton
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Bournemouth University, Poole, Dorset, UK
| | - Lena Nicklas
- Department of Botany, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ludovica Oddi
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Andrej Palaj
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Alessandro Petraglia
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Petr Petřík
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Environment UJEP, Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Remigiusz Pielech
- Department of Forest Biodiversity, University of Agriculture, Kraków, Poland.,Foundation for Biodiversity Research, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Francesco Porro
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Mihai Puşcaş
- Al. Borza Botanic Garden, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Center for Systematic Biology, Biodiversity and Bioresources - 3B, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Kamila Reczyńska
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Christian Rixen
- WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Davos, Switzerland.,Climate Change, Extremes and Natural Hazards in Alpine Regions Research Center CERC, Davos Dorf, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Schmidt
- Department of Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tibor Standovár
- Department of Plant Systematics, Ecology and Theoretical Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Klaus Steinbauer
- GLORIA Coordination, Institute for Interdisciplinary Mountain Research at the Austrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW-IGF), Vienna, Austria.,GLORIA Coordination, Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Research at the University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Balázs Teleki
- MTA-DE Lendület Functional and Restoration Ecology Research Group, Debrecen Egyetem, Debrecen, Hungary.,PTE KPVK Institute for Regional Development, Szekszárd, Hungary
| | - Jean-Paul Theurillat
- Fondation J.-M.Aubert, Champex-Lac, Switzerland.,Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, Chambésy, Switzerland
| | - Pavel Dan Turtureanu
- Center for Systematic Biology, Biodiversity and Bioresources - 3B, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Centre for Systems Biology, Biodiversity and Bioresources (3B), Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Emil G. Racoviță Institute, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | | | | | - Philippine Vergeer
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ondřej Vild
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Luis Villar
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología, IPE-CSIC, Jaca, Huesca, Spain
| | - Pascal Vittoz
- Institute of Earth Surface Dynamics, Faculty of Geosciences and Environment, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Manuela Winkler
- GLORIA Coordination, Institute for Interdisciplinary Mountain Research at the Austrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW-IGF), Vienna, Austria.,GLORIA Coordination, Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Research at the University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Lander Baeten
- Forest & Nature Lab, Ghent University, Gontrode, Belgium
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11
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Haesen S, Lembrechts JJ, De Frenne P, Lenoir J, Aalto J, Ashcroft MB, Kopecký M, Luoto M, Maclean I, Nijs I, Niittynen P, van den Hoogen J, Arriga N, Brůna J, Buchmann N, Čiliak M, Collalti A, De Lombaerde E, Descombes P, Gharun M, Goded I, Govaert S, Greiser C, Grelle A, Gruening C, Hederová L, Hylander K, Kreyling J, Kruijt B, Macek M, Máliš F, Man M, Manca G, Matula R, Meeussen C, Merinero S, Minerbi S, Montagnani L, Muffler L, Ogaya R, Penuelas J, Plichta R, Portillo-Estrada M, Schmeddes J, Shekhar A, Spicher F, Ujházyová M, Vangansbeke P, Weigel R, Wild J, Zellweger F, Van Meerbeek K. ForestTemp - Sub-canopy microclimate temperatures of European forests. Glob Chang Biol 2021; 27:6307-6319. [PMID: 34605132 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ecological research heavily relies on coarse-gridded climate data based on standardized temperature measurements recorded at 2 m height in open landscapes. However, many organisms experience environmental conditions that differ substantially from those captured by these macroclimatic (i.e. free air) temperature grids. In forests, the tree canopy functions as a thermal insulator and buffers sub-canopy microclimatic conditions, thereby affecting biological and ecological processes. To improve the assessment of climatic conditions and climate-change-related impacts on forest-floor biodiversity and functioning, high-resolution temperature grids reflecting forest microclimates are thus urgently needed. Combining more than 1200 time series of in situ near-surface forest temperature with topographical, biological and macroclimatic variables in a machine learning model, we predicted the mean monthly offset between sub-canopy temperature at 15 cm above the surface and free-air temperature over the period 2000-2020 at a spatial resolution of 25 m across Europe. This offset was used to evaluate the difference between microclimate and macroclimate across space and seasons and finally enabled us to calculate mean annual and monthly temperatures for European forest understories. We found that sub-canopy air temperatures differ substantially from free-air temperatures, being on average 2.1°C (standard deviation ± 1.6°C) lower in summer and 2.0°C higher (±0.7°C) in winter across Europe. Additionally, our high-resolution maps expose considerable microclimatic variation within landscapes, not captured by the gridded macroclimatic products. The provided forest sub-canopy temperature maps will enable future research to model below-canopy biological processes and patterns, as well as species distributions more accurately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stef Haesen
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jonas J Lembrechts
- Research Group PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Pieter De Frenne
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Lenoir
- UMR CNRS 7058 'Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés' (EDYSAN), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Juha Aalto
- Finnish Meteorological Inst., Helsinki, Finland
| | - Michael B Ashcroft
- Centre for Sustainable Ecosystem Solutions, School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Martin Kopecký
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miska Luoto
- Department of Geosciences and Geography, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ilya Maclean
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, UK
| | - Ivan Nijs
- Research Group PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | | | | | - Nicola Arriga
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Josef Brůna
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Nina Buchmann
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marek Čiliak
- Faculty of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Technical University in Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovakia
| | - Alessio Collalti
- Institute for Agriculture and Forestry Systems in the Mediterranean, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-ISAFOM), Perugia, Italy
| | - Emiel De Lombaerde
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Patrice Descombes
- Department of Ecology & Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Musée et Jardins botaniques Cantonaux, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mana Gharun
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ignacio Goded
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Sanne Govaert
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Caroline Greiser
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Achim Grelle
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Lucia Hederová
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Kristoffer Hylander
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jürgen Kreyling
- Experimental Plant Ecology, Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Bart Kruijt
- Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Macek
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - František Máliš
- Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovakia
| | - Matěj Man
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Giovanni Manca
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Radim Matula
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Camille Meeussen
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Sonia Merinero
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | | | - Leonardo Montagnani
- Forest Services, Bolzano, Italy
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Lena Muffler
- Plant Ecology, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Science, Georg-August University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Romà Ogaya
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Josep Penuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Catalonia, Spain
- CREAF, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Roman Plichta
- Department of Forest Botany, Dendrology and Geobiocoenology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Jonas Schmeddes
- Experimental Plant Ecology, Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ankit Shekhar
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fabien Spicher
- UMR CNRS 7058 'Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés' (EDYSAN), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Mariana Ujházyová
- Faculty of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Technical University in Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovakia
| | - Pieter Vangansbeke
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Robert Weigel
- Plant Ecology, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Science, Georg-August University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Jan Wild
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Florian Zellweger
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
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12
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Kopecký M, Macek M, Wild J. Topographic Wetness Index calculation guidelines based on measured soil moisture and plant species composition. Sci Total Environ 2021; 757:143785. [PMID: 33220998 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Soil moisture controls environmental processes and species distributions, but it is difficult to measure and interpolate across space. Topographic Wetness Index (TWI) derived from digital elevation model is therefore often used as a proxy for soil moisture. However, different algorithms can be used to calculate TWI and this potentially affects TWI relationship with soil moisture and species assemblages. To disentangle insufficiently-known effects of different algorithms on TWI relation with soil moisture and plant species composition, we measured the root-zone soil moisture throughout a growing season and recorded vascular plants and bryophytes in 45 temperate forest plots. For each plot, we calculated 26 TWI variants from a LiDAR-based digital terrain model and related these TWI variants to the measured soil moisture and moisture-controlled species assemblages of vascular plants and bryophytes. A flow accumulation algorithm determined the ability of the TWI to predict soil moisture, while the flow width and slope algorithms had only a small effects. The TWI calculated with the most often used single-flow D8 algorithm explained less than half of the variation in soil moisture and species composition explained by the TWI calculated with the multiple-flow FD8 algorithm. Flow dispersion used in the FD8 algorithm strongly affected the TWI performance, and a flow dispersion close to 1.0 resulted in the TWI best related to the soil moisture and species assemblages. Using downslope gradient instead of the local slope gradient can strongly decrease TWI performance. Our results clearly showed that the method used to calculate TWI affects study conclusion. However, TWI calculation is often not specified and thus impossible to reproduce and compare among studies. We therefore provide guidelines for TWI calculation and recommend the FD8 flow algorithm with a flow dispersion close to 1.0, flow width equal to the raster cell size and local slope gradient for TWI calculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kopecký
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, CZ-252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic; Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, CZ-165 21, Prague 6, Suchdol, Czech Republic.
| | - Martin Macek
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, CZ-252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Wild
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, CZ-252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic; Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, CZ-165 21, Prague 6, Suchdol, Czech Republic
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13
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Zellweger F, De Frenne P, Lenoir J, Vangansbeke P, Verheyen K, Bernhardt-Römermann M, Baeten L, Hédl R, Berki I, Brunet J, Van Calster H, Chudomelová M, Decocq G, Dirnböck T, Durak T, Heinken T, Jaroszewicz B, Kopecký M, Máliš F, Macek M, Malicki M, Naaf T, Nagel TA, Ortmann-Ajkai A, Petřík P, Pielech R, Reczyńska K, Schmidt W, Standovár T, Świerkosz K, Teleki B, Vild O, Wulf M, Coomes D. Response to Comment on "Forest microclimate dynamics drive plant responses to warming". Science 2020; 370:370/6522/eabf2939. [PMID: 33303585 DOI: 10.1126/science.abf2939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Schall and Heinrichs question our interpretation that the climatic debt in understory plant communities is locally modulated by canopy buffering. However, our results clearly show that the discrepancy between microclimate warming rates and thermophilization rates is highest in forests where canopy cover was reduced, which suggests that the need for communities to respond to warming is highest in those forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Zellweger
- Forest Ecology and Conservation Group, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK. .,Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Pieter De Frenne
- Forest and Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Lenoir
- UR "Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés" (EDYSAN, UMR 7058 CNRS-UPJV), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80037 Amiens Cedex 1, France
| | - Pieter Vangansbeke
- Forest and Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Kris Verheyen
- Forest and Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | | | - Lander Baeten
- Forest and Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Radim Hédl
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-602 00 Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Imre Berki
- Institute of Environmental and Earth Sciences, University of Sopron, H-9400 Sopron, Hungary
| | - Jörg Brunet
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Box 49, 230 53 Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Hans Van Calster
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), B-1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Markéta Chudomelová
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Guillaume Decocq
- UR "Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés" (EDYSAN, UMR 7058 CNRS-UPJV), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80037 Amiens Cedex 1, France
| | | | - Tomasz Durak
- Department of Plant Physiology and Ecology, University of Rzeszów, PL-35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Thilo Heinken
- General Botany, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Bogdan Jaroszewicz
- Białowieża Geobotanical Station, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 17-230 Białowieża, Poland
| | - Martin Kopecký
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, CZ-165 21 Prague 6 - Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - František Máliš
- Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, SK-960 01 Zvolen, Slovakia.,National Forest Centre, SK-960 01 Zvolen, Slovakia
| | - Martin Macek
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Malicki
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Tobias Naaf
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), D-15374 Muencheberg, Germany
| | - Thomas A Nagel
- Department of Forestry and Renewable Forest Resources, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Adrienne Ortmann-Ajkai
- Department of Hydrobiology, Institute of Biology, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Petr Petřík
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Remigiusz Pielech
- Department of Forest Biodiversity, Faculty of Forestry, University of Agriculture, Kraków, Poland
| | - Kamila Reczyńska
- Department of Botany, Institute of Environmental Biology, University of Wrocław, PL-50-328 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Wolfgang Schmidt
- Department of Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tibor Standovár
- Department of Plant Systematics, Ecology and Theoretical Biology, Institute of Biology, L. Eötvös University, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Balázs Teleki
- Institute for Regional Development, University of Pécs, H-7100 Szekszárd, Hungary.,Department of Ecology, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ondřej Vild
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Wulf
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), D-15374 Muencheberg, Germany
| | - David Coomes
- Forest Ecology and Conservation Group, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK
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14
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Zellweger F, De Frenne P, Lenoir J, Vangansbeke P, Verheyen K, Bernhardt-Römermann M, Baeten L, Hédl R, Berki I, Brunet J, Van Calster H, Chudomelová M, Decocq G, Dirnböck T, Durak T, Heinken T, Jaroszewicz B, Kopecký M, Máliš F, Macek M, Malicki M, Naaf T, Nagel TA, Ortmann-Ajkai A, Petřík P, Pielech R, Reczyńska K, Schmidt W, Standovár T, Świerkosz K, Teleki B, Vild O, Wulf M, Coomes D. Response to Comment on "Forest microclimate dynamics drive plant responses to warming". Science 2020; 370:370/6520/eabd6193. [PMID: 33243862 DOI: 10.1126/science.abd6193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Bertrand et al question our interpretation about warming effects on the thermophilization in forest plant communities and propose an alternative way to analyze climatic debt. We show that microclimate warming is a better predictor than macroclimate warming for studying forest plant community responses to warming. Their additional analyses do not affect or change our interpretations and conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Zellweger
- Forest Ecology and Conservation Group, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK. .,Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Pieter De Frenne
- Forest and Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Lenoir
- UR "Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés" (EDYSAN, UMR 7058 CNRS-UPJV), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80037 Amiens Cedex 1, France
| | - Pieter Vangansbeke
- Forest and Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Kris Verheyen
- Forest and Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | | | - Lander Baeten
- Forest and Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Radim Hédl
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-602 00 Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Imre Berki
- Institute of Environmental and Earth Sciences, University of Sopron, H-9400 Sopron, Hungary
| | - Jörg Brunet
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Box 49, 230 53 Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Hans Van Calster
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), B-1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Markéta Chudomelová
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Guillaume Decocq
- UR "Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés" (EDYSAN, UMR 7058 CNRS-UPJV), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80037 Amiens Cedex 1, France
| | | | - Tomasz Durak
- Department of Plant Physiology and Ecology, University of Rzeszów, PL-35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Thilo Heinken
- General Botany, Insitute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Bogdan Jaroszewicz
- Białowieża Geobotanical Station, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 17-230 Białowieża, Poland
| | - Martin Kopecký
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, CZ-165 21 Prague 6 - Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - František Máliš
- Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, SK-960 01 Zvolen, Slovakia.,National Forest Centre, SK-960 01 Zvolen, Slovakia
| | - Martin Macek
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Malicki
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Tobias Naaf
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), D-15374 Muencheberg, Germany
| | - Thomas A Nagel
- Department of Forestry and Renewable Forest Resources, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Adrienne Ortmann-Ajkai
- Department of Hydrobiology, Institute of Biology, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Petr Petřík
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Remigiusz Pielech
- Department of Forest Biodiversity, Faculty of Forestry, University of Agriculture, Kraków, Poland
| | - Kamila Reczyńska
- Department of Botany, Institute of Environmental Biology, University of Wrocław, PL-50-328 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Wolfgang Schmidt
- Department of Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tibor Standovár
- Department of Plant Systematics, Ecology and Theoretical Biology, Institute of Biology, L. Eötvös University, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Balázs Teleki
- Institute for Regional Development, University of Pécs, H-7100 Szekszárd, Hungary.,Department of Ecology, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ondřej Vild
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Wulf
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), D-15374 Muencheberg, Germany
| | - David Coomes
- Forest Ecology and Conservation Group, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK
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15
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Lembrechts JJ, Aalto J, Ashcroft MB, De Frenne P, Kopecký M, Lenoir J, Luoto M, Maclean IMD, Roupsard O, Fuentes-Lillo E, García RA, Pellissier L, Pitteloud C, Alatalo JM, Smith SW, Björk RG, Muffler L, Ratier Backes A, Cesarz S, Gottschall F, Okello J, Urban J, Plichta R, Svátek M, Phartyal SS, Wipf S, Eisenhauer N, Pușcaș M, Turtureanu PD, Varlagin A, Dimarco RD, Jump AS, Randall K, Dorrepaal E, Larson K, Walz J, Vitale L, Svoboda M, Finger Higgens R, Halbritter AH, Curasi SR, Klupar I, Koontz A, Pearse WD, Simpson E, Stemkovski M, Jessen Graae B, Vedel Sørensen M, Høye TT, Fernández Calzado MR, Lorite J, Carbognani M, Tomaselli M, Forte TGW, Petraglia A, Haesen S, Somers B, Van Meerbeek K, Björkman MP, Hylander K, Merinero S, Gharun M, Buchmann N, Dolezal J, Matula R, Thomas AD, Bailey JJ, Ghosn D, Kazakis G, de Pablo MA, Kemppinen J, Niittynen P, Rew L, Seipel T, Larson C, Speed JDM, Ardö J, Cannone N, Guglielmin M, Malfasi F, Bader MY, Canessa R, Stanisci A, Kreyling J, Schmeddes J, Teuber L, Aschero V, Čiliak M, Máliš F, De Smedt P, Govaert S, Meeussen C, Vangansbeke P, Gigauri K, Lamprecht A, Pauli H, Steinbauer K, Winkler M, Ueyama M, Nuñez MA, Ursu TM, Haider S, Wedegärtner REM, Smiljanic M, Trouillier M, Wilmking M, Altman J, Brůna J, Hederová L, Macek M, Man M, Wild J, Vittoz P, Pärtel M, Barančok P, Kanka R, Kollár J, Palaj A, Barros A, Mazzolari AC, Bauters M, Boeckx P, Benito Alonso JL, Zong S, Di Cecco V, Sitková Z, Tielbörger K, van den Brink L, Weigel R, Homeier J, Dahlberg CJ, Medinets S, Medinets V, De Boeck HJ, Portillo-Estrada M, Verryckt LT, Milbau A, Daskalova GN, Thomas HJD, Myers-Smith IH, Blonder B, Stephan JG, Descombes P, Zellweger F, Frei ER, Heinesch B, Andrews C, Dick J, Siebicke L, Rocha A, Senior RA, Rixen C, Jimenez JJ, Boike J, Pauchard A, Scholten T, Scheffers B, Klinges D, Basham EW, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Géron C, Fazlioglu F, Candan O, Sallo Bravo J, Hrbacek F, Laska K, Cremonese E, Haase P, Moyano FE, Rossi C, Nijs I. SoilTemp: A global database of near-surface temperature. Glob Chang Biol 2020; 26:6616-6629. [PMID: 32311220 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Current analyses and predictions of spatially explicit patterns and processes in ecology most often rely on climate data interpolated from standardized weather stations. This interpolated climate data represents long-term average thermal conditions at coarse spatial resolutions only. Hence, many climate-forcing factors that operate at fine spatiotemporal resolutions are overlooked. This is particularly important in relation to effects of observation height (e.g. vegetation, snow and soil characteristics) and in habitats varying in their exposure to radiation, moisture and wind (e.g. topography, radiative forcing or cold-air pooling). Since organisms living close to the ground relate more strongly to these microclimatic conditions than to free-air temperatures, microclimatic ground and near-surface data are needed to provide realistic forecasts of the fate of such organisms under anthropogenic climate change, as well as of the functioning of the ecosystems they live in. To fill this critical gap, we highlight a call for temperature time series submissions to SoilTemp, a geospatial database initiative compiling soil and near-surface temperature data from all over the world. Currently, this database contains time series from 7,538 temperature sensors from 51 countries across all key biomes. The database will pave the way toward an improved global understanding of microclimate and bridge the gap between the available climate data and the climate at fine spatiotemporal resolutions relevant to most organisms and ecosystem processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas J Lembrechts
- Research Group PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Juha Aalto
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Geosciences and Geography, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Michael B Ashcroft
- Centre for Sustainable Ecosystem Solutions, School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- Australian Museum, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Pieter De Frenne
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Martin Kopecký
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague 6 - Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Jonathan Lenoir
- UR 'Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisées' (EDYSAN, UMR 7058 CNRS-UPJV), Univ. de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Miska Luoto
- Department of Geosciences and Geography, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ilya M D Maclean
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK
| | - Olivier Roupsard
- CIRAD, UMR Eco&Sols, Dakar, Senegal
- Eco&Sols, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, IRD, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Eduardo Fuentes-Lillo
- Laboratorio de Invasiones Biológicas (LIB), Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Santiago, Chile
- School of Education and Social Sciences, Adventist University of Chile, Chile
| | - Rafael A García
- Laboratorio de Invasiones Biológicas (LIB), Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Santiago, Chile
| | - Loïc Pellissier
- Landscape Ecology, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Unit of Land Change Science, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Camille Pitteloud
- Landscape Ecology, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Unit of Land Change Science, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Juha M Alatalo
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Environmental Science Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Stuart W Smith
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Asian School of Environment, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Robert G Björk
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lena Muffler
- Experimental Plant Ecology, Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Plant Ecology, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Amanda Ratier Backes
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Simone Cesarz
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Felix Gottschall
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Joseph Okello
- Isotope Bioscience Laboratory - ISOFYS, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
- Mountains of the Moon University, Fort Portal, Uganda
| | - Josef Urban
- Department of Forest Botany, Dendrology and Geobiocoenology, Mendel University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Roman Plichta
- Department of Forest Botany, Dendrology and Geobiocoenology, Mendel University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Svátek
- Department of Forest Botany, Dendrology and Geobiocoenology, Mendel University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Shyam S Phartyal
- School of Ecology and Environment Studies, Nalanda University, Rajgir, India
- Department of Forestry and NR, H.N.B. Garhwal University, Srinagar-Garhwal, India
| | - Sonja Wipf
- WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Davos, Switzerland
- Swiss National Park, Chastè Planta-Wildenberg, Zernez, Switzerland
| | - Nico Eisenhauer
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mihai Pușcaș
- A. Borza Botanical Garden and Department of Taxonomy and Ecology, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Pavel D Turtureanu
- A. Borza Botanical Garden, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andrej Varlagin
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Romina D Dimarco
- Grupo de Ecología de Poblaciones de Insectos, IFAB (INTA - CONICET), Bariloche, Argentina
| | - Alistair S Jump
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Krystal Randall
- Centre for Sustainable Ecosystem Solutions, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Ellen Dorrepaal
- Climate Impacts Research Centre, Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Umeå University, Abisko, Sweden
| | - Keith Larson
- Climate Impacts Research Centre, Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Umeå University, Abisko, Sweden
| | - Josefine Walz
- Climate Impacts Research Centre, Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Umeå University, Abisko, Sweden
| | - Luca Vitale
- CNR - Institute for Mediterranean Agricultural and Forest Systems, Ercolano (Napoli), Italy
| | - Miroslav Svoboda
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague 6 - Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | | | - Aud H Halbritter
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Salvatore R Curasi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Ian Klupar
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Austin Koontz
- Department of Biology and Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - William D Pearse
- Department of Biology and Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK
| | - Elizabeth Simpson
- Department of Biology and Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Michael Stemkovski
- Department of Biology and Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Bente Jessen Graae
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Mia Vedel Sørensen
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Toke T Høye
- Department of Bioscience and Arctic Research Centre, Rønde, Denmark
| | | | - Juan Lorite
- Department of Botany, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Michele Carbognani
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Marcello Tomaselli
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - T'ai G W Forte
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Alessandro Petraglia
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Stef Haesen
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ben Somers
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Mats P Björkman
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kristoffer Hylander
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sonia Merinero
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mana Gharun
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nina Buchmann
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jiri Dolezal
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, Department of Botany, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Radim Matula
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague 6 - Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Andrew D Thomas
- Department of Geography and Earth Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Wales, UK
| | | | - Dany Ghosn
- Department of Geo-information in Environmental Management, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania, Chania, Greece
| | - George Kazakis
- Department of Geo-information in Environmental Management, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania, Chania, Greece
| | - Miguel A de Pablo
- Department of Geology, Geography and Environment, University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julia Kemppinen
- Department of Geosciences and Geography, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pekka Niittynen
- Department of Geosciences and Geography, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lisa Rew
- Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - Tim Seipel
- Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - Christian Larson
- Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - James D M Speed
- Department of Natural History, NTNU University Museum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jonas Ardö
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Nicoletta Cannone
- Department of Science and High Technology, Insubria University, Como, Italy
| | - Mauro Guglielmin
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, Insubria University, Varese, Italy
| | - Francesco Malfasi
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, Insubria University, Varese, Italy
| | - Maaike Y Bader
- Ecological Plant Geography, Faculty of Geography, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Rafaella Canessa
- Ecological Plant Geography, Faculty of Geography, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Angela Stanisci
- EnvixLab, Dipartimento di Bioscienze e Territorio, Università degli Studi del Molise, Termoli, Italy
| | - Juergen Kreyling
- Experimental Plant Ecology, Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jonas Schmeddes
- Experimental Plant Ecology, Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Laurenz Teuber
- Experimental Plant Ecology, Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Valeria Aschero
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Cuyo, Argentina
- Instituto Argentino de Nivologiá, Glaciologiá y Ciencias Ambientales (IANIGLA), CONICET, CCT-Mendoza, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Marek Čiliak
- Faculty of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Technical University in Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovakia
| | - František Máliš
- Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovakia
| | - Pallieter De Smedt
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Sanne Govaert
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Camille Meeussen
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Pieter Vangansbeke
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | | | - Andrea Lamprecht
- GLORIA Coordination, Institute for Interdisciplinary Mountain Research, Austrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW) & Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Harald Pauli
- GLORIA Coordination, Institute for Interdisciplinary Mountain Research, Austrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW) & Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Klaus Steinbauer
- GLORIA Coordination, Institute for Interdisciplinary Mountain Research, Austrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW) & Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Manuela Winkler
- GLORIA Coordination, Institute for Interdisciplinary Mountain Research, Austrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW) & Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Masahito Ueyama
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Martin A Nuñez
- Grupo de Ecología de Invasiones, INIBIOMA, CONICET/Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Bariloche, Argentina
| | - Tudor-Mihai Ursu
- Institute of Biological Research Cluj-Napoca, National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sylvia Haider
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ronja E M Wedegärtner
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Marko Smiljanic
- Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Mario Trouillier
- Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Martin Wilmking
- Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jan Altman
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Brůna
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Lucia Hederová
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Macek
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Matěj Man
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Wild
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Pascal Vittoz
- Institute of Earth Surface Dynamics, Faculty of Geosciences and Environment, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Meelis Pärtel
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Peter Barančok
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Róbert Kanka
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jozef Kollár
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Andrej Palaj
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Agustina Barros
- Instituto Argentino de Nivologiá, Glaciologiá y Ciencias Ambientales (IANIGLA), CONICET, CCT-Mendoza, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Ana C Mazzolari
- Instituto Argentino de Nivologiá, Glaciologiá y Ciencias Ambientales (IANIGLA), CONICET, CCT-Mendoza, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Marijn Bauters
- Isotope Bioscience Laboratory - ISOFYS, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Pascal Boeckx
- Isotope Bioscience Laboratory - ISOFYS, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | | | - Shengwei Zong
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security in Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Valter Di Cecco
- Majella Seed Bank, Majella National Park, Lama dei Peligni, Italy
| | - Zuzana Sitková
- National Forest Centre, Forest Research Institute Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovakia
| | - Katja Tielbörger
- Plant Ecology Group, Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Liesbeth van den Brink
- Plant Ecology Group, Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Robert Weigel
- Plant Ecology, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Homeier
- Plant Ecology, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - C Johan Dahlberg
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- County Administrative Board of Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sergiy Medinets
- Regional Centre for Integrated Environmental Monitoring, Odesa National I.I. Mechnikov University, Odesa, Ukraine
| | - Volodymyr Medinets
- Regional Centre for Integrated Environmental Monitoring, Odesa National I.I. Mechnikov University, Odesa, Ukraine
| | - Hans J De Boeck
- Research Group PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | | | - Lore T Verryckt
- Research Group PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Ann Milbau
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Benjamin Blonder
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jörg G Stephan
- Swedish Species Information Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Patrice Descombes
- Landscape Ecology, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Unit of Land Change Science, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | | | - Esther R Frei
- WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Davos, Switzerland
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Bernard Heinesch
- TERRA Teaching and Research Center, Faculty of Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liege, Gembloux, Belgium
| | | | - Jan Dick
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Midlothian, UK
| | - Lukas Siebicke
- Bioclimatology, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Adrian Rocha
- Department of Biological Sciences and the Environmental Change Initiative, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Rebecca A Senior
- Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Christian Rixen
- WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Davos, Switzerland
| | | | - Julia Boike
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research, Potsdam, Germany
- Geography Department, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Aníbal Pauchard
- Laboratorio de Invasiones Biológicas (LIB), Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Santiago, Chile
| | - Thomas Scholten
- Chair of Soil Science and Geomorphology, Department of Geosciences, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Brett Scheffers
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - David Klinges
- School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Edmund W Basham
- School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jian Zhang
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaochen Zhang
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Charly Géron
- Research Group PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
- Biodiversity and Landscape, TERRA Research Centre, University of Liège, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Fatih Fazlioglu
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey
| | - Onur Candan
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey
| | | | - Filip Hrbacek
- Department of Geography, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Laska
- Department of Geography, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Edoardo Cremonese
- Climate Change Unit, Environmental Protection Agency of Aosta Valley, Aosta, Italy
| | - Peter Haase
- Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Gelnhausen, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Christian Rossi
- Swiss National Park, Chastè Planta-Wildenberg, Zernez, Switzerland
- Remote Sensing Laboratories, Department of Geography, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Research Unit Community Ecology, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Nijs
- Research Group PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
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Zellweger F, De Frenne P, Lenoir J, Vangansbeke P, Verheyen K, Bernhardt-Römermann M, Baeten L, Hédl R, Berki I, Brunet J, Van Calster H, Chudomelová M, Decocq G, Dirnböck T, Durak T, Heinken T, Jaroszewicz B, Kopecký M, Máliš F, Macek M, Malicki M, Naaf T, Nagel TA, Ortmann-Ajkai A, Petřík P, Pielech R, Reczyńska K, Schmidt W, Standovár T, Świerkosz K, Teleki B, Vild O, Wulf M, Coomes D. Forest microclimate dynamics drive plant responses to warming. Science 2020; 368:772-775. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aba6880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Climate warming is causing a shift in biological communities in favor of warm-affinity species (i.e., thermophilization). Species responses often lag behind climate warming, but the reasons for such lags remain largely unknown. Here, we analyzed multidecadal understory microclimate dynamics in European forests and show that thermophilization and the climatic lag in forest plant communities are primarily controlled by microclimate. Increasing tree canopy cover reduces warming rates inside forests, but loss of canopy cover leads to increased local heat that exacerbates the disequilibrium between community responses and climate change. Reciprocal effects between plants and microclimates are key to understanding the response of forest biodiversity and functioning to climate and land-use changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Zellweger
- Forest Ecology and Conservation Group, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB23EA, UK
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Pieter De Frenne
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, B-9090 Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Lenoir
- UR “Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés” (EDYSAN, UMR 7058 CNRS-UPJV), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 800037 Amiens Cedex 1, France
| | - Pieter Vangansbeke
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, B-9090 Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Kris Verheyen
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, B-9090 Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | | | - Lander Baeten
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, B-9090 Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Radim Hédl
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Imre Berki
- Institute of Environmental and Earth Sciences, University of Sopron, H-9400 Sopron, Hungary
| | - Jörg Brunet
- Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 230 53 Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Hans Van Calster
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), B-1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Markéta Chudomelová
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Guillaume Decocq
- UR “Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés” (EDYSAN, UMR 7058 CNRS-UPJV), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 800037 Amiens Cedex 1, France
| | | | - Tomasz Durak
- Department of Plant Physiology and Ecology, University of Rzeszów, PL-35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Thilo Heinken
- General Botany, Insitute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Bogdan Jaroszewicz
- Białowieża Geobotanical Station, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 17-230 Białowieża, Poland
| | - Martin Kopecký
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, CZ-165 21 Prague 6 - Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - František Máliš
- Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, SK-960 01 Zvolen, Slovakia
- National Forest Centre, SK-960 01 Zvolen, Slovakia
| | - Martin Macek
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Malicki
- Department of Botany, Institute of Environmental Biology, University of Wrocław, PL-50-328 50 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Tobias Naaf
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), D-15374 Muencheberg, Germany
| | - Thomas A. Nagel
- Department of Forestry and Renewable Forest Resources, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Adrienne Ortmann-Ajkai
- Department of Hydrobiology, Institute of Biology, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Petr Petřík
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Remigiusz Pielech
- Department of Forest Biodiversity, Faculty of Forestry, University of Agriculture in Kraków, PL-32-425 Kraków, Poland
| | - Kamila Reczyńska
- Department of Botany, Institute of Environmental Biology, University of Wrocław, PL-50-328 50 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Wolfgang Schmidt
- Department of Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones, University of Göttingen, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tibor Standovár
- Department of Plant Systematics, Ecology and Theoretical Biology, Institute of Biology, L. Eötvös University, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Balázs Teleki
- MTA-DE Lendület Functional and Restoration Ecology Research Group, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ondřej Vild
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Wulf
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), D-15374 Muencheberg, Germany
| | - David Coomes
- Forest Ecology and Conservation Group, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB23EA, UK
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17
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Maes SL, Perring MP, Depauw L, Bernhardt-Römermann M, Blondeel H, Brūmelis G, Brunet J, Decocq G, den Ouden J, Govaert S, Härdtle W, Hédl R, Heinken T, Heinrichs S, Hertzog L, Jaroszewicz B, Kirby K, Kopecký M, Landuyt D, Máliš F, Vanneste T, Wulf M, Verheyen K. Plant functional trait response to environmental drivers across European temperate forest understorey communities. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2020; 22:410-424. [PMID: 31840363 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Functional traits respond to environmental drivers, hence evaluating trait-environment relationships across spatial environmental gradients can help to understand how multiple drivers influence plant communities. Global-change drivers such as changes in atmospheric nitrogen deposition occur worldwide, but affect community trait distributions at the local scale, where resources (e.g. light availability) and conditions (e.g. soil pH) also influence plant communities. We investigate how multiple environmental drivers affect community trait responses related to resource acquisition (plant height, specific leaf area (SLA), woodiness, and mycorrhizal status) and regeneration (seed mass, lateral spread) of European temperate deciduous forest understoreys. We sampled understorey communities and derived trait responses across spatial gradients of global-change drivers (temperature, precipitation, nitrogen deposition, and past land use), while integrating in-situ plot measurements on resources and conditions (soil type, Olsen phosphorus (P), Ellenberg soil moisture, light, litter mass, and litter quality). Among the global-change drivers, mean annual temperature strongly influenced traits related to resource acquisition. Higher temperatures were associated with taller understoreys producing leaves with lower SLA, and a higher proportional cover of woody and obligate mycorrhizal (OM) species. Communities in plots with higher Ellenberg soil moisture content had smaller seeds and lower proportional cover of woody and OM species. Finally, plots with thicker litter layers hosted taller understoreys with larger seeds and a higher proportional cover of OM species. Our findings suggest potential community shifts in temperate forest understoreys with global warming, and highlight the importance of local resources and conditions as well as global-change drivers for community trait variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Maes
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - M P Perring
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - L Depauw
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - M Bernhardt-Römermann
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - H Blondeel
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - G Brūmelis
- Faculty of Biology, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - J Brunet
- Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - G Decocq
- Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés (EDYSAN, UMR 7058 CNRS), Jules Verne University of Picardie, Amiens, France
| | - J den Ouden
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - S Govaert
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - W Härdtle
- Institute of Ecology, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Lüneburg, Germany
| | - R Hédl
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - T Heinken
- General Botany, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - S Heinrichs
- Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - L Hertzog
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - B Jaroszewicz
- Białowieża Geobotanical Station, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Białowieża, Poland
| | - K Kirby
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - M Kopecký
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - D Landuyt
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - F Máliš
- Faculty of Forestry, Technical University, Zvolen, Slovakia
- National Forest Centre, Zvolen, Slovakia
| | - T Vanneste
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - M Wulf
- Leibniz-ZALF e.V. Müncheberg, Müncheberg, Germany
| | - K Verheyen
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
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18
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Zellweger F, Coomes D, Lenoir J, Depauw L, Maes SL, Wulf M, Kirby KJ, Brunet J, Kopecký M, Máliš F, Schmidt W, Heinrichs S, den Ouden J, Jaroszewicz B, Buyse G, Spicher F, Verheyen K, De Frenne P. Seasonal drivers of understorey temperature buffering in temperate deciduous forests across Europe. Glob Ecol Biogeogr 2019; 28:1774-1786. [PMID: 31866760 PMCID: PMC6900070 DOI: 10.1111/geb.12991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
AIM Forest understorey microclimates are often buffered against extreme heat or cold, with important implications for the organisms living in these environments. We quantified seasonal effects of understorey microclimate predictors describing canopy structure, canopy composition and topography (i.e., local factors) and the forest patch size and distance to the coast (i.e., landscape factors). LOCATION Temperate forests in Europe. TIME PERIOD 2017-2018. MAJOR TAXA STUDIED Woody plants. METHODS We combined data from a microclimate sensor network with weather-station records to calculate the difference, or offset, between temperatures measured inside and outside forests. We used regression analysis to study the effects of local and landscape factors on the seasonal offset of minimum, mean and maximum temperatures. RESULTS The maximum temperature during the summer was on average cooler by 2.1 °C inside than outside forests, and the minimum temperatures during the winter and spring were 0.4 and 0.9 °C warmer. The local canopy cover was a strong nonlinear driver of the maximum temperature offset during summer, and we found increased cooling beneath tree species that cast the deepest shade. Seasonal offsets of minimum temperature were mainly regulated by landscape and topographic features, such as the distance to the coast and topographic position. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Forest organisms experience less severe temperature extremes than suggested by currently available macroclimate data; therefore, climate-species relationships and the responses of species to anthropogenic global warming cannot be modelled accurately in forests using macroclimate data alone. Changes in canopy cover and composition will strongly modulate the warming of maximum temperatures in forest understories, with important implications for understanding the responses of forest biodiversity and functioning to the combined threats of land-use change and climate change. Our predictive models are generally applicable across lowland temperate deciduous forests, providing ecologically important microclimate data for forest understories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Zellweger
- Forest Ecology and Conservation Group, Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSLBirmensdorfSwitzerland
| | - David Coomes
- Forest Ecology and Conservation Group, Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Jonathan Lenoir
- UR “Ecologie et dynamique des systèmes anthropisés” (EDYSAN, UMR 7058 CNRS‐UPJV)Université de Picardie Jules VerneAmiensFrance
| | - Leen Depauw
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of EnvironmentGhent UniversityMelle‐GontrodeBelgium
| | - Sybryn L. Maes
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of EnvironmentGhent UniversityMelle‐GontrodeBelgium
| | - Monika Wulf
- Leibniz‐ZALF e.V. MünchebergMünchebergGermany
| | - Keith J. Kirby
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Jörg Brunet
- Southern Swedish Forest Research CentreSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesAlnarpSweden
| | - Martin Kopecký
- Institute of BotanyCzech Academy of SciencesPrůhoniceCzech Republic
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood SciencesCzech University of Life SciencesPragueCzech Republic
| | - František Máliš
- Faculty of ForestryTechnical University in ZvolenZvolenSlovakia
| | - Wolfgang Schmidt
- Department Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate ZonesUniversity of GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Steffi Heinrichs
- Department Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate ZonesUniversity of GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Jan den Ouden
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management GroupWageningen UniversityWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Bogdan Jaroszewicz
- Białowieża Geobotanical StationFaculty of BiologyUniversity of WarsawBiałowieżaPoland
| | - Gauthier Buyse
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of EnvironmentGhent UniversityMelle‐GontrodeBelgium
| | - Fabien Spicher
- UR “Ecologie et dynamique des systèmes anthropisés” (EDYSAN, UMR 7058 CNRS‐UPJV)Université de Picardie Jules VerneAmiensFrance
| | - Kris Verheyen
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of EnvironmentGhent UniversityMelle‐GontrodeBelgium
| | - Pieter De Frenne
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of EnvironmentGhent UniversityMelle‐GontrodeBelgium
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19
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Větrovský T, Kohout P, Kopecký M, Machac A, Man M, Bahnmann BD, Brabcová V, Choi J, Meszárošová L, Human ZR, Lepinay C, Lladó S, López-Mondéjar R, Martinović T, Mašínová T, Morais D, Navrátilová D, Odriozola I, Štursová M, Švec K, Tláskal V, Urbanová M, Wan J, Žifčáková L, Howe A, Ladau J, Peay KG, Storch D, Wild J, Baldrian P. A meta-analysis of global fungal distribution reveals climate-driven patterns. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5142. [PMID: 31723140 PMCID: PMC6853883 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13164-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The evolutionary and environmental factors that shape fungal biogeography are incompletely understood. Here, we assemble a large dataset consisting of previously generated mycobiome data linked to specific geographical locations across the world. We use this dataset to describe the distribution of fungal taxa and to look for correlations with different environmental factors such as climate, soil and vegetation variables. Our meta-study identifies climate as an important driver of different aspects of fungal biogeography, including the global distribution of common fungi as well as the composition and diversity of fungal communities. In our analysis, fungal diversity is concentrated at high latitudes, in contrast with the opposite pattern previously shown for plants and other organisms. Mycorrhizal fungi appear to have narrower climatic tolerances than pathogenic fungi. We speculate that climate change could affect ecosystem functioning because of the narrow climatic tolerances of key fungal taxa. The authors assemble and analyse previously generated mycobiome data linked to geographical locations across the world. They describe the distribution of fungal taxa and show that climate is an important driver of fungal biogeography and that fungal diversity appears to be concentrated at high latitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Větrovský
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220, Praha 4, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kohout
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220, Praha 4, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, 12844, Praha 2, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kopecký
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, 25243, Průhonice, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 16521, Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Antonin Machac
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, 12844, Praha 2, Czech Republic.,Center for Theoretical Study, Charles University and the Czech Academy of Sciences, Jilská 1, 11000, Praha 1, Czech Republic.,Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, 2212 Main Mall, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Matěj Man
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, 25243, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Barbara Doreen Bahnmann
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220, Praha 4, Czech Republic
| | - Vendula Brabcová
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220, Praha 4, Czech Republic
| | - Jinlyung Choi
- Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University, 1201 Sukup Hall, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Lenka Meszárošová
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220, Praha 4, Czech Republic
| | - Zander Rainier Human
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220, Praha 4, Czech Republic
| | - Clémentine Lepinay
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220, Praha 4, Czech Republic
| | - Salvador Lladó
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220, Praha 4, Czech Republic
| | - Rubén López-Mondéjar
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220, Praha 4, Czech Republic
| | - Tijana Martinović
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220, Praha 4, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Mašínová
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220, Praha 4, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Morais
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220, Praha 4, Czech Republic
| | - Diana Navrátilová
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220, Praha 4, Czech Republic
| | - Iñaki Odriozola
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220, Praha 4, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Štursová
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220, Praha 4, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Švec
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220, Praha 4, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtěch Tláskal
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220, Praha 4, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Urbanová
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220, Praha 4, Czech Republic
| | - Joe Wan
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Lucia Žifčáková
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220, Praha 4, Czech Republic
| | - Adina Howe
- Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University, 1201 Sukup Hall, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Joshua Ladau
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | | | - David Storch
- Center for Theoretical Study, Charles University and the Czech Academy of Sciences, Jilská 1, 11000, Praha 1, Czech Republic.,Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jan Wild
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, 25243, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Baldrian
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220, Praha 4, Czech Republic.
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20
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Maes SL, Perring MP, Vanhellemont M, Depauw L, Van den Bulcke J, Brūmelis G, Brunet J, Decocq G, den Ouden J, Härdtle W, Hédl R, Heinken T, Heinrichs S, Jaroszewicz B, Kopecký M, Máliš F, Wulf M, Verheyen K. Environmental drivers interactively affect individual tree growth across temperate European forests. Glob Chang Biol 2019; 25:201-217. [PMID: 30346104 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Forecasting the growth of tree species to future environmental changes requires a better understanding of its determinants. Tree growth is known to respond to global-change drivers such as climate change or atmospheric deposition, as well as to local land-use drivers such as forest management. Yet, large geographical scale studies examining interactive growth responses to multiple global-change drivers are relatively scarce and rarely consider management effects. Here, we assessed the interactive effects of three global-change drivers (temperature, precipitation and nitrogen deposition) on individual tree growth of three study species (Quercus robur/petraea, Fagus sylvatica and Fraxinus excelsior). We sampled trees along spatial environmental gradients across Europe and accounted for the effects of management for Quercus. We collected increment cores from 267 trees distributed over 151 plots in 19 forest regions and characterized their neighbouring environment to take into account potentially confounding factors such as tree size, competition, soil conditions and elevation. We demonstrate that growth responds interactively to global-change drivers, with species-specific sensitivities to the combined factors. Simultaneously high levels of precipitation and deposition benefited Fraxinus, but negatively affected Quercus' growth, highlighting species-specific interactive tree growth responses to combined drivers. For Fagus, a stronger growth response to higher temperatures was found when precipitation was also higher, illustrating the potential negative effects of drought stress under warming for this species. Furthermore, we show that past forest management can modulate the effects of changing temperatures on Quercus' growth; individuals in plots with a coppicing history showed stronger growth responses to higher temperatures. Overall, our findings highlight how tree growth can be interactively determined by global-change drivers, and how these growth responses might be modulated by past forest management. By showing future growth changes for scenarios of environmental change, we stress the importance of considering multiple drivers, including past management and their interactions, when predicting tree growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sybryn L Maes
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Michael P Perring
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Margot Vanhellemont
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Leen Depauw
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Jan Van den Bulcke
- UGCT - UGent-Woodlab, Laboratory of Wood Technology, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | | | - Jörg Brunet
- Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Guillaume Decocq
- Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés (EDYSAN, UMR 7058 CNRS), Jules Verne University of Picardie, Amiens Cedex 1, France
| | - Jan den Ouden
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Werner Härdtle
- Institute of Ecology, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Lüneburg, Germany
| | - Radim Hédl
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Thilo Heinken
- General Botany, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Steffi Heinrichs
- Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bogdan Jaroszewicz
- Białowieża Geobotanical Station, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Białowieża, Poland
| | - Martin Kopecký
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Czech Republic
| | - František Máliš
- Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovakia
- National Forest Centre, Zvolen, Slovakia
| | - Monika Wulf
- Leibniz-ZALF e.V. Müncheberg, Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Kris Verheyen
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
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Perring MP, Diekmann M, Midolo G, Schellenberger Costa D, Bernhardt-Römermann M, Otto JCJ, Gilliam FS, Hedwall PO, Nordin A, Dirnböck T, Simkin SM, Máliš F, Blondeel H, Brunet J, Chudomelová M, Durak T, De Frenne P, Hédl R, Kopecký M, Landuyt D, Li D, Manning P, Petřík P, Reczyńska K, Schmidt W, Standovár T, Świerkosz K, Vild O, Waller DM, Verheyen K. Understanding context dependency in the response of forest understorey plant communities to nitrogen deposition. Environ Pollut 2018; 242:1787-1799. [PMID: 30115529 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.07.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Understorey communities can dominate forest plant diversity and strongly affect forest ecosystem structure and function. Understoreys often respond sensitively but inconsistently to drivers of ecological change, including nitrogen (N) deposition. Nitrogen deposition effects, reflected in the concept of critical loads, vary greatly not only among species and guilds, but also among forest types. Here, we characterize such context dependency as driven by differences in the amounts and forms of deposited N, cumulative deposition, the filtering of N by overstoreys, and available plant species pools. Nitrogen effects on understorey trajectories can also vary due to differences in surrounding landscape conditions; ambient browsing pressure; soils and geology; other environmental factors controlling plant growth; and, historical and current disturbance/management regimes. The number of these factors and their potentially complex interactions complicate our efforts to make simple predictions about how N deposition affects forest understoreys. We review the literature to examine evidence for context dependency in N deposition effects on forest understoreys. We also use data from 1814 European temperate forest plots to test the ability of multi-level models to characterize context-dependent understorey responses across sites that differ in levels of N deposition, community composition, local conditions and management history. This analysis demonstrated that historical management, and plot location on light and pH-fertility gradients, significantly affect how understorey communities respond to N deposition. We conclude that species' and communities' responses to N deposition, and thus the determination of critical loads, vary greatly depending on environmental contexts. This complicates our efforts to predict how N deposition will affect forest understoreys and thus how best to conserve and restore understorey biodiversity. To reduce uncertainty and incorporate context dependency in critical load setting, we should assemble data on underlying environmental conditions, conduct globally distributed field experiments, and analyse a wider range of habitat types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Perring
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, 9090, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium; Ecosystem Restoration and Intervention Ecology Research Group, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35, Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia.
| | - Martin Diekmann
- Vegetation Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Ecology, FB 2, University of Bremen, Leobener Str. 5, DE-28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Gabriele Midolo
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen/Bolzano, Piazza Università 5, 39100, Bozen/Bolzano, Italy
| | - David Schellenberger Costa
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Dornburger Str. 159, DE-07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Markus Bernhardt-Römermann
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Dornburger Str. 159, DE-07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Johanna C J Otto
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Dornburger Str. 159, DE-07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Frank S Gilliam
- Department of Biology, University of West Florida, Pensacola, FL, 32514, USA
| | - Per-Ola Hedwall
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, 230 53, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Annika Nordin
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå Plant Science Centre, 901 83, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Samuel M Simkin
- National Ecological Observatory Network, 1685 38th St., Suite 100, Boulder, CO, 80301, USA
| | - František Máliš
- Technical University in Zvolen, Faculty of Forestry, T. G. Masaryka 24, 960 53, Zvolen, Slovakia; National Forest Centre, T. G. Masaryka 22, 960 92, Zvolen, Slovakia
| | - Haben Blondeel
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, 9090, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Jörg Brunet
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, 230 53, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Markéta Chudomelová
- Department of Vegetation Ecology, Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Lidická 25/27, CZ-60200, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomasz Durak
- Department of Ecology, University of Rzeszów, ul. Rejtana 16C, PL-35- 959, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Pieter De Frenne
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, 9090, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Radim Hédl
- Department of Vegetation Ecology, Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Lidická 25/27, CZ-60200, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kopecký
- Department of GIS and Remote Sensing, Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, CZ-252 43, Průhonice, Czech Republic; Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, CZ-165 00, Prague 6, Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Dries Landuyt
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, 9090, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Daijiang Li
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Peter Manning
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Petr Petřík
- Department of GIS and Remote Sensing, Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, CZ-252 43, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Kamila Reczyńska
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wrocław, Kanonia 6/8, PL-50-328, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Wolfgang Schmidt
- Department of Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tibor Standovár
- Department of Plant Systematics, Ecology and Theoretical Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány P. sétány 1/c, H-1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krzysztof Świerkosz
- Museum of Natural History, University of Wrocław, Sienkiewicza 21, PL-50-335, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ondřej Vild
- Department of Vegetation Ecology, Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Lidická 25/27, CZ-60200, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Donald M Waller
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Kris Verheyen
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, 9090, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
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22
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De Lombaerde E, Verheyen K, Perring MP, Bernhardt-Römermann M, Van Calster H, Brunet J, Chudomelová M, Decocq G, Diekmann M, Durak T, Hédl R, Heinken T, Hommel P, Jaroszewicz B, Kopecký M, Lenoir J, Macek M, Máliš F, Mitchell FJ, Naaf T, Newman M, Petřík P, Reczyńska K, Schmidt W, Świerkosz K, Vild O, Wulf M, Baeten L. Responses of competitive understorey species to spatial environmental gradients inaccurately explain temporal changes. Basic Appl Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2018.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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23
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Perring MP, Bernhardt-Römermann M, Baeten L, Midolo G, Blondeel H, Depauw L, Landuyt D, Maes SL, De Lombaerde E, Carón MM, Vellend M, Brunet J, Chudomelová M, Decocq G, Diekmann M, Dirnböck T, Dörfler I, Durak T, De Frenne P, Gilliam FS, Hédl R, Heinken T, Hommel P, Jaroszewicz B, Kirby KJ, Kopecký M, Lenoir J, Li D, Máliš F, Mitchell FJG, Naaf T, Newman M, Petřík P, Reczyńska K, Schmidt W, Standovár T, Świerkosz K, Van Calster H, Vild O, Wagner ER, Wulf M, Verheyen K. Global environmental change effects on plant community composition trajectories depend upon management legacies. Glob Chang Biol 2018; 24:1722-1740. [PMID: 29271579 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The contemporary state of functional traits and species richness in plant communities depends on legacy effects of past disturbances. Whether temporal responses of community properties to current environmental changes are altered by such legacies is, however, unknown. We expect global environmental changes to interact with land-use legacies given different community trajectories initiated by prior management, and subsequent responses to altered resources and conditions. We tested this expectation for species richness and functional traits using 1814 survey-resurvey plot pairs of understorey communities from 40 European temperate forest datasets, syntheses of management transitions since the year 1800, and a trait database. We also examined how plant community indicators of resources and conditions changed in response to management legacies and environmental change. Community trajectories were clearly influenced by interactions between management legacies from over 200 years ago and environmental change. Importantly, higher rates of nitrogen deposition led to increased species richness and plant height in forests managed less intensively in 1800 (i.e., high forests), and to decreases in forests with a more intensive historical management in 1800 (i.e., coppiced forests). There was evidence that these declines in community variables in formerly coppiced forests were ameliorated by increased rates of temperature change between surveys. Responses were generally apparent regardless of sites' contemporary management classifications, although sometimes the management transition itself, rather than historic or contemporary management types, better explained understorey responses. Main effects of environmental change were rare, although higher rates of precipitation change increased plant height, accompanied by increases in fertility indicator values. Analysis of indicator values suggested the importance of directly characterising resources and conditions to better understand legacy and environmental change effects. Accounting for legacies of past disturbance can reconcile contradictory literature results and appears crucial to anticipating future responses to global environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Perring
- Forest & Nature Lab, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | | | - Lander Baeten
- Forest & Nature Lab, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Gabriele Midolo
- Forest & Nature Lab, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
- Environmental Systems Analysis Group, Wageningen University, AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Haben Blondeel
- Forest & Nature Lab, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Leen Depauw
- Forest & Nature Lab, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Dries Landuyt
- Forest & Nature Lab, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Sybryn L Maes
- Forest & Nature Lab, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Emiel De Lombaerde
- Forest & Nature Lab, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Maria Mercedes Carón
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones Botánicas (LABIBO) - CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Salta, Argentina
| | - Mark Vellend
- Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Jörg Brunet
- Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Markéta Chudomelová
- Department of Vegetation Ecology, Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Guillaume Decocq
- Unité de recherche "Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés" (EDYSAN, UMR 7058 CNRS-UPJV), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens Cedex 1, France
| | - Martin Diekmann
- Vegetation Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Ecology, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | | | - Inken Dörfler
- Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Tomasz Durak
- Department of Ecology, University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Pieter De Frenne
- Forest & Nature Lab, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
- Department of Plant Production, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Frank S Gilliam
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Radim Hédl
- Department of Vegetation Ecology, Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Thilo Heinken
- General Botany, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Patrick Hommel
- Wageningen Environmental Research (Alterra), AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Bogdan Jaroszewicz
- Białowieża Geobotanical Station, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Białowieża, Poland
| | - Keith J Kirby
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Martin Kopecký
- Department of GIS and Remote Sensing, Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic
- Department of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague 6 - Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Jonathan Lenoir
- Unité de recherche "Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés" (EDYSAN, UMR 7058 CNRS-UPJV), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens Cedex 1, France
| | - Daijiang Li
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - František Máliš
- Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovakia
- National Forest Centre, Zvolen, Slovakia
| | - Fraser J G Mitchell
- Botany Department, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Tobias Naaf
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Miles Newman
- Botany Department, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Petr Petřík
- Department of GIS and Remote Sensing, Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Kamila Reczyńska
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Wolfgang Schmidt
- Department Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tibor Standovár
- Department of Plant Systematics, Ecology and Theoretical Biology, L. Eötvös University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | | | - Ondřej Vild
- Department of Vegetation Ecology, Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Rosa Wagner
- Faculty of Biology and Preclinical Medicine, Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Monika Wulf
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Kris Verheyen
- Forest & Nature Lab, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
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Kotilínek M, Hiiesalu I, Košnar J, Šmilauerová M, Šmilauer P, Altman J, Dvorský M, Kopecký M, Doležal J. Fungal root symbionts of high-altitude vascular plants in the Himalayas. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6562. [PMID: 28747779 PMCID: PMC5529584 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06938-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and dark septate endophytes (DSE) form symbiotic relationships with plants influencing their productivity, diversity and ecosystem functions. Only a few studies on these fungi, however, have been conducted in extreme elevations and none over 5500 m a.s.l., although vascular plants occur up to 6150 m a.s.l. in the Himalayas. We quantified AMF and DSE in roots of 62 plant species from contrasting habitats along an elevational gradient (3400-6150 m) in the Himalayas using a combination of optical microscopy and next generation sequencing. We linked AMF and DSE communities with host plant evolutionary history, ecological preferences (elevation and habitat type) and functional traits. We detected AMF in elevations up to 5800 m, indicating it is more constrained by extreme conditions than the host plants, which ascend up to 6150 m. In contrast, DSE were found across the entire gradient up to 6150 m. AMF diversity was unimodally related to elevation and positively related to the intensity of AMF colonization. Mid-elevation steppe and alpine plants hosted more diverse AMF communities than plants from deserts and the subnival zone. Our results bring novel insights to the abiotic and biotic filters structuring AMF and DSE communities in the Himalayas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Kotilínek
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Inga Hiiesalu
- Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, 252 43, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Košnar
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Šmilauerová
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Šmilauer
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Altman
- Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, 252 43, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Dvorský
- Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, 252 43, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kopecký
- Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, 252 43, Průhonice, Czech Republic
- Department of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Prague 6, Suchdol, CZ-165 21, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Doležal
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, 252 43, Průhonice, Czech Republic
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-19, Nishi-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0819, Japan
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Vild O, Hédl R, Kopecký M, Szabó P, Suchánková S, Zouhar V. The paradox of long-term ungulate impact: increase of plant species richness in a temperate forest. Appl Veg Sci 2017; 20:282-292. [PMID: 29249901 PMCID: PMC5726491 DOI: 10.1111/avsc.12289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
QUESTIONS Did high densities of wild ungulates cause a decline in plant species richness in a temperate oakwood? How did species composition change after nearly five decades? Did ungulates facilitate the spread of ruderal species and supress endangered species? Did dispersal strategies play a role in these processes? LOCATION Krumlov Wood, SE Czech Republic. METHODS In 2012, we resampled 58 quasi-permanent vegetation plots first surveyed in 1960s. Between the surveys, 36 plots were enclosed in a game preserve with artificially high density of ungulates (mostly deer, mouflon and wild boar; ca. 55 animals per square km). We analysed the differences in temporal changes between plots inside and outside the game preserve, focusing on species diversity and composition. We assessed species characteristics relevant to grazing to understand compositional changes. RESULTS Ungulates significantly increased alpha and gamma diversity and caused significant vegetation homogenization inside the game preserve. Vegetation homogenization and the increase in species richness resulted from massive enrichment by ruderal species. However, richness of endangered species decreased. Species dispersed by animals internally (endozoochory) increased, while species dispersed externally (epizoochory) or by wind (anemochory) decreased. CONCLUSIONS Contrary to our expectations, our long-term data showed that artificially high ungulate densities substantially increased plant species richness. Apparently, the establishment of ruderal herbs was supported by frequent disturbances and ungulate-mediated dispersal. At the same time, species richness of non-ruderal plants did not change, probably because ungulates hindered the regeneration of woody species and maintained an open forest canopy. In conclusion, high ungulate density led to the spread of ruderal species, which in turn strongly contributed to the observed shift towards nutrient-richer conditions and taxonomically more homogenous communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondřej Vild
- Institute of Botany, Department of Vegetation Ecology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Lidická 25/27, Brno, 602 00, Czech Republic
- Masaryk University, Department of Botany and Zoology, Kotlářská 2, Brno, 611 37, Czech Republic
| | - Radim Hédl
- Institute of Botany, Department of Vegetation Ecology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Lidická 25/27, Brno, 602 00, Czech Republic
- Palacký University, Department of Botany, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kopecký
- Institute of Botany, Department of Vegetation Ecology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Lidická 25/27, Brno, 602 00, Czech Republic
- Department of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Prague 6 - Suchdol, CZ-165 21, Czech Republic
| | - Péter Szabó
- Institute of Botany, Department of Vegetation Ecology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Lidická 25/27, Brno, 602 00, Czech Republic
| | - Silvie Suchánková
- Institute of Botany, Department of Vegetation Ecology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Lidická 25/27, Brno, 602 00, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Zouhar
- The Forest Management Institute, Vrázova 1, 616 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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Macek M, Wild J, Kopecký M, Červenka J, Svoboda M, Zenáhlíková J, Brůna J, Mosandl R, Fischer A. Life and death of Picea abies after bark-beetle outbreak: ecological processes driving seedling recruitment. Ecol Appl 2017; 27:156-167. [PMID: 28052495 DOI: 10.1002/eap.1429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The severity and spatial extent of bark-beetle outbreaks substantially increased in recent decades worldwide. The ongoing controversy about natural forest recovery after these outbreaks highlights the need for individual-based long-term studies, which disentangle processes driving forest regeneration. However, such studies have been lacking. To fill this gap, we followed the fates of 2,552 individual seedlings for 12 years after a large-scale bark-beetle outbreak that caused complete canopy dieback in mountain Norway spruce (Picea abies) forests in southeast Germany. We explore the contribution of advance, disturbance-related, and post-disturbance regeneration to forest recovery. Most seedlings originated directly within the three-year dieback of canopy trees induced by bark-beetle outbreak. After complete canopy dieback, the establishment of new seedlings was minimal. Surprisingly, advance regeneration formed only a minor part of all regeneration. However, because it had the highest survival rate, its importance increased over time. The most important factor influencing the survival of seedlings after disturbance was their height. Survival was further modified by microsite: seedlings established on dead wood survived best, whereas almost all seedlings surrounded by graminoids died. For 5 cm tall seedlings, annual mortality ranged from 20 to 50% according to the rooting microsite. However, for seedlings taller than 50 cm, annual mortality was below 5% at all microsites. While microsite modified seedling mortality, it did not affect seedling height growth. A model of regeneration dynamics based on short-term observations accurately predicts regeneration height growth, but substantially underestimates mortality rate, thus predicting more surviving seedlings than were observed. We found that P. abies forests were able to regenerate naturally even after severe bark-beetle outbreaks owing to advance and particularly disturbance-related regeneration. This, together with microsite-specific mortality, yields structurally and spatially diverse forests. Our study thus highlights the so far unrecognized importance of disturbance-related regeneration for stand recovery after bark-beetle outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Macek
- Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, CZ-252 43, Průhonice, Czech Republic
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, CZ-128 01, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Wild
- Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, CZ-252 43, Průhonice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, CZ-165 21, Prague 6 -, Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kopecký
- Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, CZ-252 43, Průhonice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, CZ-165 21, Prague 6 -, Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Červenka
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, CZ-165 21, Prague 6 -, Suchdol, Czech Republic
- Šumava National Park, 1. máje 260, CZ-385 01, Vimperk, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Svoboda
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, CZ-165 21, Prague 6 -, Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Zenáhlíková
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, CZ-165 21, Prague 6 -, Suchdol, Czech Republic
- Šumava National Park, 1. máje 260, CZ-385 01, Vimperk, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Brůna
- Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, CZ-252 43, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Reinhard Mosandl
- Institute of Silviculture, Technische Universität München TUM, D-85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Anton Fischer
- Geobotany, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Center of Life and Food Sciences, Technische Universität München TUM, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, D-85354, Freising, Germany
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Verheyen K, De Frenne P, Baeten L, Waller DM, Hédl R, Perring MP, Blondeel H, Brunet J, Chudomelova M, Decocq G, De Lombaerde E, Depauw L, Dirnböck T, Durak T, Eriksson O, Gilliam FS, Heinken T, Heinrichs S, Hermy M, Jaroszewicz B, Jenkins MA, Johnson SE, Kirby KJ, Kopecký M, Landuyt D, Lenoir J, Li D, Macek M, Maes S, Máliš F, Mitchell FJG, Naaf T, Peterken G, Petřík P, Reczyńska K, Rogers DA, Schei FH, Schmidt W, Standovár T, Świerkosz K, Ujházy K, Van Calster H, Vellend M, Vild O, Woods K, Wulf M, Bernhard-Römermann M. Combining community resurvey data to advance global change research. Bioscience 2016; 67:73-83. [PMID: 30220729 PMCID: PMC6136644 DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biw150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
More and more ecologists have started to resurvey communities sampled in earlier decades to determine long-term shifts in community composition and infer the likely drivers of the ecological changes observed. However, to assess the relative importance of, and interactions among, multiple drivers joint analyses of resurvey data from many regions spanning large environmental gradients are needed. In this paper we illustrate how combining resurvey data from multiple regions can increase the likelihood of driver-orthogonality within the design and show that repeatedly surveying across multiple regions provides higher representativeness and comprehensiveness, allowing us to answer more completely a broader range of questions. We provide general guidelines to aid implementation of multi-region resurvey databases. In so doing, we aim to encourage resurvey database development across other community types and biomes to advance global environmental change research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kris Verheyen
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Forest & Water Management, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, 9090 Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Pieter De Frenne
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Forest & Water Management, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, 9090 Melle-Gontrode, Belgium,
| | - Lander Baeten
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Forest & Water Management, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, 9090 Melle-Gontrode, Belgium,
| | - Donald M Waller
- Botany Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 430 Lincoln Dr., Madison, WI 53706, USA,
| | - Radim Hédl
- Department of Vegetation Ecology, Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Lidická 25/27, Brno, 60200, Czech Republic, ; Department of Botany, Palacky University in Olomouc, Slechtitelu 27, Olomouc, 78371, Czech Republic
| | - Michael P Perring
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Forest & Water Management, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, 9090 Melle-Gontrode, Belgium, ; Ecosystem Restoration and Intervention Ecology Research Group; School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, 35, Stirling Highway, Crawley WA 6009, AUSTRALIA,
| | - Haben Blondeel
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Forest & Water Management, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, 9090 Melle-Gontrode, Belgium,
| | - Jörg Brunet
- Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 49, 230 53 Alnarp, Sweden,
| | - Markéeta Chudomelova
- Department of Vegetation Ecology, Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Lidická 25/27, Brno, 60200, Czech Republic; Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, Brno CZ-60200, Czech Republic,
| | - Guillaume Decocq
- UR "Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés" (EDYSAN, FRE 3498 CNRS-UPJV), Jules Verne University of Picardy, 1, rue des Louvels, 80037 Amiens Cédex, FRANCE,
| | - Emiel De Lombaerde
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Forest & Water Management, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, 9090 Melle-Gontrode, Belgium,
| | - Leen Depauw
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Forest & Water Management, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, 9090 Melle-Gontrode, Belgium,
| | - Thomas Dirnböck
- Department for Ecosystem Research, Environment Agency Austria, Spittelauer Lände 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria,
| | - Tomasz Durak
- Department of Botany, University of Rzeszów, Zelwerowicza 4, Rzeszów PL-35-601, Poland,
| | - Ove Eriksson
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, SE - 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden,
| | - Frank S Gilliam
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marshall University, 1 John Marshall Drive, Huntington, WV 25755-2510, USA,
| | - Thilo Heinken
- Biodiversity Research / Systematic Botany, Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Maulbeerallee 1, 14469 Potsdam, Germany,
| | - Steffi Heinrichs
- Department Silviculture & Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Burckhardt Institute, Büsgenweg 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany,
| | - Martin Hermy
- Dept Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Celestijnenlaan 200E, Heverlee 3001, Belgium,
| | - Bogdan Jaroszewicz
- Białowieża Geobotanical Station, University of Warsaw, Faculty of Biology, Sportowa 19, Białowieża, 17-230, Poland
| | - Michael A Jenkins
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, 715 West State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2061, USA,
| | - Sarah E Johnson
- Department of Natural Resources and Biology, Northland College, 1411 Ellis Avenue, Ashland, Wisconsin 54806, USA,
| | - Keith J Kirby
- Department of Plant Sciences, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK,
| | - Martin Kopecký
- Department of Vegetation Ecology, Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Lidická 25/27, Brno, CZ-602 00, Czech Republic, , : Department of Forest Ecology, : Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, : Kamýcká 129, CZ-165 21, Prague 6 - Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Dries Landuyt
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Forest & Water Management, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, 9090 Melle-Gontrode, Belgium,
| | - Jonathan Lenoir
- UR "Ecologie et dynamique des systems anthropisés" (EDYSAN, FRE 3498 CNRS-UPJV), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 1 Rue des Louvels, 80000 Amiens, France,
| | - Daijiang Li
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 430 Lincoln Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA,
| | - Martin Macek
- Dept. of GIS and RS, Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, Průhonice 252 43, Czech Republic,
| | - Sybryn Maes
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Forest & Water Management, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, 9090 Melle-Gontrode, Belgium,
| | - Frantisek Máliš
- Department of Phytology, Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, T. G. Masaryka 24, 960 53 Zvolen, Slovakia,
| | | | - Tobias Naaf
- Institute of Land Use Systems, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Straße 84, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany,
| | | | - Petr Petřík
- Department of GIS and Remote Sensing, Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, Průhonice 25243, Czech Republic,
| | - Kamila Reczyńska
- Wrocław University, Museum of Natural History, Sienkiewicza 21, Wrocław 50-335, Poland,
| | - David A Rogers
- Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin - Parkside, 900 Wood Rd., Kenosha, Wisconsin 53141, USA,
| | - Fride Hoistad Schei
- Forestry and Forest Resources, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Fanaflaten 4, 5244 Fana, Norway,
| | - Wolfgang Schmidt
- Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones, Faculty of Forestry and Forest Ecology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany,
| | - Tibor Standovár
- Dept. Plant Systematics, Ecology and Theoretical Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány sétány 1/C, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary,
| | - Krzystof Świerkosz
- Wrocław University, Museum of Natural History, Sienkiewicza 21, Wrocław 50-335, Poland,
| | - Karol Ujházy
- Department of Phytology, Technical University in Zvolen, T. G. Masaryka 24, SK-960 53 Zvolen, Slovakia,
| | - Hans Van Calster
- Biometry & Quality Assurance, Research Institute for Nature and Forest, Kliniekstraat 25, Brussels, 1070, Belgium,
| | - Mark Vellend
- Département de biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boulevard de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada,
| | - Ondřej Vild
- Department of Vegetation Ecology, Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Lidická 25/27, Brno, 60200, Czech Republic, Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, Brno CZ-60200, Czech Republic,
| | - Kerry Woods
- Natural Sciences, Bennington College, 1 College Drive, Bennington, VT 05201, USA,
| | - Monika Wulf
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Institute of Land Use Systems, Eberswalder Straße 84, Müncheberg, 15374, Germany,
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28
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Kapfer J, Hédl R, Jurasinski G, Kopecký M, Schei FH, Grytnes JA. Resurveying historical vegetation data - opportunities and challenges. Appl Veg Sci 2016; 20:164-171. [PMID: 30245580 PMCID: PMC6145442 DOI: 10.1111/avsc.12269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resurveying historical vegetation plots has become more and more popular in recent years as it provides a unique opportunity to estimate vegetation and environmental changes over the past decades. Most historical plots, however, are not permanently marked and uncertainty in plot location, in addition to observer bias and seasonal bias, may add significant error to temporal change. These errors may have major implications for the reliability of studies on long-term environmental change and deserve closer attention of vegetation ecologists. MATERIAL & METHODS Vegetation data obtained from the resurveying of non-permanently marked plots are assessed for their potential to study environmental-change effects on plant communities and the challenges the use of such data have to meet. We describe the properties of vegetation resurveys distinguishing basic types of plots according to relocation error, and we highlight the potential of such data types for studying vegetation dynamics and their drivers. Finally, we summarise the challenges and limitations of resurveying non-permanently marked vegetation plots for different purposes in environmental change research. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Resampling error is caused by three main independent sources of error: error caused by plot relocation, observer bias, and seasonality bias. For relocation error, vegetation plots can be divided into permanent and non-permanent plots, while the latter are further divided into quasi-permanent (with approximate relocation) and non-traceable (with random relocation within a sampled area) plots. To reduce the inherent sources of error in resurvey data, the following precautions should be followed: (i) resurvey historical vegetation plots whose approximate plot location within a study area is known; (ii) consider all information available from historical studies in order to keep plot relocation errors low; (iii) resurvey at times of the year when vegetation development is comparable to the historical survey to control for seasonal variability in vegetation; (iv) keep a high level of experience of the observers to keep observer bias low; and (v) edit and standardise datasets before analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jutta Kapfer
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Holtveien 66, 9016 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Radim Hédl
- Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Lidická 25/27, 60200 Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Botany, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Gerald Jurasinski
- Landscape Ecology and Site Evaluation, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Martin Kopecký
- Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Lidická 25/27, 60200 Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, CZ-165 21, Praha 6-Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Fride H Schei
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Fanaflaten 4, 5244 Fana, Norway
| | - John-Arvid Grytnes
- Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Thormøhlensgate 53A, 5020 Bergen, Norway
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29
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de Bello F, Fibich P, Zelený D, Kopecký M, Mudrák O, Chytrý M, Pyšek P, Wild J, Michalcová D, Sádlo J, Šmilauer P, Lepš J, Pärtel M. Measuring size and composition of species pools: a comparison of dark diversity estimates. Ecol Evol 2016; 6:4088-101. [PMID: 27516866 PMCID: PMC4877358 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Ecological theory and biodiversity conservation have traditionally relied on the number of species recorded at a site, but it is agreed that site richness represents only a portion of the species that can inhabit particular ecological conditions, that is, the habitat-specific species pool. Knowledge of the species pool at different sites enables meaningful comparisons of biodiversity and provides insights into processes of biodiversity formation. Empirical studies, however, are limited due to conceptual and methodological difficulties in determining both the size and composition of the absent part of species pools, the so-called dark diversity. We used >50,000 vegetation plots from 18 types of habitats throughout the Czech Republic, most of which served as a training dataset and 1083 as a subset of test sites. These data were used to compare predicted results from three quantitative methods with those of previously published expert estimates based on species habitat preferences: (1) species co-occurrence based on Beals' smoothing approach; (2) species ecological requirements, with envelopes around community mean Ellenberg values; and (3) species distribution models, using species environmental niches modeled by Biomod software. Dark diversity estimates were compared at both plot and habitat levels, and each method was applied in different configurations. While there were some differences in the results obtained by different methods, particularly at the plot level, there was a clear convergence, especially at the habitat level. The better convergence at the habitat level reflects less variation in local environmental conditions, whereas variation at the plot level is an effect of each particular method. The co-occurrence agreed closest the expert estimate, followed by the method based on species ecological requirements. We conclude that several analytical methods can estimate species pools of given habitats. However, the strengths and weaknesses of different methods need attention, especially when dark diversity is estimated at the plot level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco de Bello
- Institute of BotanyThe Czech Academy of SciencesDukelská 135CZ‐379 82TřeboňCzech Republic
- Department of BotanyUniversity of South BohemiaNa Zlaté stoce 1CZ‐370 05České BudějoviceCzech Republic
| | - Pavel Fibich
- Institute of BotanyThe Czech Academy of SciencesDukelská 135CZ‐379 82TřeboňCzech Republic
- Department of BotanyUniversity of South BohemiaNa Zlaté stoce 1CZ‐370 05České BudějoviceCzech Republic
| | - David Zelený
- Department of Botany and ZoologyMasaryk UniversityKotlářská 2CZ‐611 37BrnoCzech Republic
- Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyNational Taiwan UniversityRoosevelt Rd. 110617TaipeiTaiwan
| | - Martin Kopecký
- Institute of BotanyThe Czech Academy of SciencesLidická 25/27CZ‐602 00BrnoCzech Republic
- Department of Forest EcologyFaculty of Forestry and Wood SciencesCzech University of Life Sciences PragueKamýcká 129CZ‐165 21Prague 6 – SuchdolCzech Republic
| | - Ondřej Mudrák
- Institute of BotanyThe Czech Academy of SciencesDukelská 135CZ‐379 82TřeboňCzech Republic
| | - Milan Chytrý
- Department of Botany and ZoologyMasaryk UniversityKotlářská 2CZ‐611 37BrnoCzech Republic
| | - Petr Pyšek
- Institute of BotanyThe Czech Academy of SciencesZámek 1CZ‐252 43PrůhoniceCzech Republic
- Department of EcologyFaculty of ScienceCharles University in PragueViničná 7CZ‐128 44PragueCzech Republic
- Department of Botany and ZoologyCentre for Invasion BiologyStellenbosch UniversityMatieland7602South Africa
| | - Jan Wild
- Institute of BotanyThe Czech Academy of SciencesZámek 1CZ‐252 43PrůhoniceCzech Republic
- Faculty of Environmental SciencesCzech University of Life Sciences PragueKamýcká 129CZ‐165 21Prague 6 – SuchdolCzech Republic
| | - Dana Michalcová
- Department of Botany and ZoologyMasaryk UniversityKotlářská 2CZ‐611 37BrnoCzech Republic
| | - Jiří Sádlo
- Institute of BotanyThe Czech Academy of SciencesZámek 1CZ‐252 43PrůhoniceCzech Republic
| | - Petr Šmilauer
- Department of Ecosystem BiologyFaculty of ScienceUniversity of South BohemiaBranišovská 1970CZ‐370 05České BudějoviceCzech Republic
| | - Jan Lepš
- Department of BotanyUniversity of South BohemiaNa Zlaté stoce 1CZ‐370 05České BudějoviceCzech Republic
- Biology CentreThe Czech Academy of SciencesBranišovská 31370 05České BudějoviceCzech Republic
| | - Meelis Pärtel
- Institute of Ecology and Earth SciencesUniversity of TartuLai 4051005TartuEstonia
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30
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Máliš F, Kopecký M, Petřík P, Vladovič J, Merganič J, Vida T. Life stage, not climate change, explains observed tree range shifts. Glob Chang Biol 2016; 22:1904-1914. [PMID: 26725258 PMCID: PMC5424071 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Ongoing climate change is expected to shift tree species distribution and therefore affect forest biodiversity and ecosystem services. To assess and project tree distributional shifts, researchers may compare the distribution of juvenile and adult trees under the assumption that differences between tree life stages reflect distributional shifts triggered by climate change. However, the distribution of tree life stages could differ within the lifespan of trees, therefore, we hypothesize that currently observed distributional differences could represent shifts over ontogeny as opposed to climatically driven changes. Here, we test this hypothesis with data from 1435 plots resurveyed after more than three decades across the Western Carpathians. We compared seedling, sapling and adult distribution of 12 tree species along elevation, temperature and precipitation gradients. We analyzed (i) temporal shifts between the surveys and (ii) distributional differences between tree life stages within both surveys. Despite climate warming, tree species distribution of any life stage did not shift directionally upward along elevation between the surveys. Temporal elevational shifts were species specific and an order of magnitude lower than differences among tree life stages within the surveys. Our results show that the observed range shifts among tree life stages are more consistent with ontogenetic differences in the species' environmental requirements than with responses to recent climate change. The distribution of seedlings substantially differed from saplings and adults, while the distribution of saplings did not differ from adults, indicating a critical transition between seedling and sapling tree life stages. Future research has to take ontogenetic differences among life stages into account as we found that distributional differences recently observed worldwide may not reflect climate change but rather the different environmental requirements of tree life stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- František Máliš
- Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, T.G. Masaryka 24, SK-960 53, Zvolen, Slovak Republic
- Forest Research Institute Zvolen, National Forest Centre, T.G. Masaryka 22, SK-960 52, Zvolen, Slovak Republic
| | - Martin Kopecký
- Department of Vegetation Ecology, Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Lidická 25/27, CZ-602 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Petřík
- Department of GIS and Remote Sensing, Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, CZ-252 43, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Jozef Vladovič
- Forest Research Institute Zvolen, National Forest Centre, T.G. Masaryka 22, SK-960 52, Zvolen, Slovak Republic
| | - Ján Merganič
- Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, T.G. Masaryka 24, SK-960 53, Zvolen, Slovak Republic
| | - Tomáš Vida
- Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, T.G. Masaryka 24, SK-960 53, Zvolen, Slovak Republic
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31
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Dvorský M, Chlumská Z, Altman J, Čapková K, Řeháková K, Macek M, Kopecký M, Liancourt P, Doležal J. Gardening in the zone of death: an experimental assessment of the absolute elevation limit of vascular plants. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24440. [PMID: 27071305 PMCID: PMC4829891 DOI: 10.1038/srep24440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular plants in the western Tibetan Plateau reach 6000 m-the highest elevation on Earth. Due to the significant warming of the region, plant ranges are expected to shift upwards. However, factors governing maximum elevational limits of plant are unclear. To experimentally assess these factors, we transplanted 12 species from 5750 m to 5900 m (upper edge of vegetation) and 6100 m (beyond range) and monitored their survival for six years. In the first three years (2009–2012), there were plants surviving beyond the regional upper limit of vegetation. This supports the hypothesis of dispersal and/or recruitment limitation. Substantial warming, recorded in-situ during this period, very likely facilitated the survival. The survival was ecologically a non-random process, species better adapted to repeated soil freezing and thawing survived significantly better. No species have survived at 6100 m since 2013, probably due to the extreme snowfall in 2013. In conclusion, apart from the minimum heat requirements, our results show that episodic climatic events are decisive determinants of upper elevational limits of vascular plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Dvorský
- Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czech Republic.,Department of Botany, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Chlumská
- Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czech Republic.,Department of Botany, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Altman
- Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czech Republic.,Department of Botany, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Čapková
- Department of Ecosystem Biology, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Klára Řeháková
- Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Macek
- Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic.,Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, Praha, CZ-128 01, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kopecký
- Department of Vegetation Ecology, Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, CZ-165 21, Praha 6-Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Pierre Liancourt
- Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Doležal
- Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czech Republic.,Department of Botany, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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32
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Bernhardt-Römermann M, Baeten L, Craven D, De Frenne P, Hédl R, Lenoir J, Bert D, Brunet J, Chudomelová M, Decocq G, Dierschke H, Dirnböck T, Dörfler I, Heinken T, Hermy M, Hommel P, Jaroszewicz B, Keczyński A, Kelly DL, Kirby KJ, Kopecký M, Macek M, Máliš F, Mirtl M, Mitchell FJG, Naaf T, Newman M, Peterken G, Petřík P, Schmidt W, Standovár T, Tóth Z, Calster HV, Verstraeten G, Vladovič J, Vild O, Wulf M, Verheyen K. Drivers of temporal changes in temperate forest plant diversity vary across spatial scales. Glob Chang Biol 2015; 21:3726-37. [PMID: 26212787 PMCID: PMC6136642 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Global biodiversity is affected by numerous environmental drivers. Yet, the extent to which global environmental changes contribute to changes in local diversity is poorly understood. We investigated biodiversity changes in a meta-analysis of 39 resurvey studies in European temperate forests (3988 vegetation records in total, 17-75 years between the two surveys) by assessing the importance of (i) coarse-resolution (i.e., among sites) vs. fine-resolution (i.e., within sites) environmental differences and (ii) changing environmental conditions between surveys. Our results clarify the mechanisms underlying the direction and magnitude of local-scale biodiversity changes. While not detecting any net local diversity loss, we observed considerable among-site variation, partly explained by temporal changes in light availability (a local driver) and density of large herbivores (a regional driver). Furthermore, strong evidence was found that presurvey levels of nitrogen deposition determined subsequent diversity changes. We conclude that models forecasting future biodiversity changes should consider coarse-resolution environmental changes, account for differences in baseline environmental conditions and for local changes in fine-resolution environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lander Baeten
- Forest & Nature Lab, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, B-9090, Gontrode-Melle, Belgium
- Department of Biology, Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dylan Craven
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Synthesis Centre for Biodiversity Sciences (sDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute for Biology, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 21, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Pieter De Frenne
- Forest & Nature Lab, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, B-9090, Gontrode-Melle, Belgium
| | - Radim Hédl
- Department of Vegetation Ecology, Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Lidická 25/27, CZ-602 00, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, CZ-783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jonathan Lenoir
- Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés (EDYSAN, FRE 3498 CNRS - UPJV), Jules Verne University of Picardie, 1 rue des Louvels, F-80037, Amiens Cedex, France
| | - Didier Bert
- INRA, UMR 1202 BIOGECO, F-33610, Cestas, France
- BIOGECO, UMR1202, Université de Bordeaux, F-33615, Pessac, France
| | - Jörg Brunet
- Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 49, S-23053, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Markéta Chudomelová
- Department of Vegetation Ecology, Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Lidická 25/27, CZ-602 00, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, CZ-611 37, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Guillaume Decocq
- Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés (EDYSAN, FRE 3498 CNRS - UPJV), Jules Verne University of Picardie, 1 rue des Louvels, F-80037, Amiens Cedex, France
| | - Hartmut Dierschke
- Department of Vegetation and Phytodiversity Analysis, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Georg-August University Göttingen, Untere Karspüle 2, D-37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Dirnböck
- Ecosystem Research & Environmental Information Management, Environment Agency Austria, Spittelauer Lände 5, A-1090, Wien, Austria
| | - Inken Dörfler
- Department of Ecology and Ecosystem management, TU München, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, D-85350, Freising, Germany
| | - Thilo Heinken
- Biodiversity Research/Systematic Botany, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Maulbeerallee 1, D-14471, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Martin Hermy
- Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Division of Forest, Nature and Landscape, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200E, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrick Hommel
- Alterra Research Institute, Wageningen UR, P.O. Box 47, NL-6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bogdan Jaroszewicz
- Faculty of Biology, Białowieża Geobotanical Station, University of Warsaw, ul. Sportowa 19, PL-17-230, Białowieża, Poland
| | - Andrzej Keczyński
- Białowieża National Park, Park Pałacowy 11, PL-17-230, Białowieża, Poland
| | - Daniel L Kelly
- Botany Department and Trinity Centre for Biodiversity Research, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College, the University of Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Keith J Kirby
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK
| | - Martin Kopecký
- Department of Vegetation Ecology, Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Lidická 25/27, CZ-602 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Macek
- Department of GIS and Remote Sensing, Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, CZ-252 43, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - František Máliš
- Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, T.G. Masaryka 24, SK-960 53 Zvolen, Slovak Republic
- Forest Research Institute Zvolen, National Forest Centre, T.G. Masaryka 22, SK-960 52, Zvolen, Slovak Republic
| | - Michael Mirtl
- Ecosystem Research & Environmental Information Management, Environment Agency Austria, Spittelauer Lände 5, A-1090, Wien, Austria
| | - Fraser J G Mitchell
- Botany Department and Trinity Centre for Biodiversity Research, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College, the University of Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Tobias Naaf
- Institute of Land Use Systems, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Straße 84, D-15374, Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Miles Newman
- Botany Department and Trinity Centre for Biodiversity Research, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College, the University of Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - George Peterken
- Beechwood House, St. Briavels Common, Lydney, Gloucestershire, GL15 6SL, United Kingdom
| | - Petr Petřík
- Department of GIS and Remote Sensing, Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, CZ-252 43, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Wolfgang Schmidt
- Department Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones, Burckhardt-Institute, Georg-August University Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tibor Standovár
- Department of Plant Systematics, Ecology and Theoretical Biology, Institute of Biology, L. Eötvös University, Pázmány sétány 1/c, H-1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Tóth
- Department of Plant Systematics, Ecology and Theoretical Biology, Institute of Biology, L. Eötvös University, Pázmány sétány 1/c, H-1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Hans Van Calster
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest, Kliniekstraat 25, B-1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gorik Verstraeten
- Forest & Nature Lab, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, B-9090, Gontrode-Melle, Belgium
| | - Jozef Vladovič
- Forest Research Institute Zvolen, National Forest Centre, T.G. Masaryka 22, SK-960 52, Zvolen, Slovak Republic
| | - Ondřej Vild
- Department of Vegetation Ecology, Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Lidická 25/27, CZ-602 00, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, CZ-611 37, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Wulf
- Institute of Land Use Systems, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Straße 84, D-15374, Müncheberg, Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Maulbeerallee 2, D-14469, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Kris Verheyen
- Forest & Nature Lab, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, B-9090, Gontrode-Melle, Belgium
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Abstract
AIM Resurveys of historical vegetation plots are increasingly used for the assessment of decadal changes in plant species diversity and composition. However, historical plots are usually relocated only approximately. This potentially inflates temporal changes and undermines results. LOCATION Temperate deciduous forests in Central Europe. METHODS To explore if robust conclusions can be drawn from resurvey studies despite location uncertainty, we compared temporal changes in species richness, frequency, composition and compositional heterogeneity between exactly and approximately relocated plots. We hypothesized that compositional changes should be lower and changes in species richness should be less variable on exactly relocated plots, because pseudo-turnover inflates temporal changes on approximately relocated plots. RESULTS Temporal changes in species richness were not more variable and temporal changes in species composition and compositional heterogeneity were not higher on approximately relocated plots. Moreover, the frequency of individual species changed similarly on both plot types. MAIN CONCLUSIONS The resurvey of historical vegetation plots is robust to uncertainty in original plot location and, when done properly, provides reliable evidence of decadal changes in plant communities. This provides important background for other resurvey studies and opens up the possibility for large-scale assessments of plant community change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kopecký
- Department of Vegetation Ecology, Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Lidická 25/27, CZ-602 00, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, CZ-128 01, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Macek
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, CZ-128 01, Praha, Czech Republic.,Department of GIS and Remote Sensing, Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Zámek 1, CZ-252 43, Průhonice, Czech Republic
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Vild O, Roleček J, Hédl R, Kopecký M, Utinek D. Experimental restoration of coppice-with-standards: Response of understorey vegetation from the conservation perspective. For Ecol Manage 2013; 310:234-241. [PMID: 29367802 PMCID: PMC5777631 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2013.07.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A substantial part of European lowland woodlands was managed as coppices or wood pastures for millennia. However, traditional management forms were almost completely abandoned in Central Europe by the middle of the 20th century. Combined with the effects of nitrogen deposition and herbivore pressure, shifts in management resulted in biodiversity loss affecting particularly light-demanding oligotrophic plant species. Experimental thinning was applied in a former oak coppice-with-standards in an attempt to restore vanishing understorey plant communities. Two levels of thinning intensity and zero management as control were used on 90 plots. Ten years after the treatment, significant changes in species composition and diversity were observed in heavily thinned plots, while moderate thinning had mostly insignificant effects. Light-demanding oligotrophic species significantly increased, indicating positive consequences of restoration. However, heavy thinning also brought about the expansion of native ruderal species. Alien species remained unchanged. We conclude that the restoration of coppice-with-standards can be an efficient tool to support vanishing light-demanding woodland species. Combined with biodiversity benefits, the increasing demand for biofuel may contribute to the renaissance of traditional management forms in forestry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondřej Vild
- Institute of Botany, Department of Vegetation Ecology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Lidická 25/27, Brno 602 00, Czech Republic
- Masaryk University, Department of Botany and Zoology, Kotlářská 2, Brno 611 37, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Roleček
- Institute of Botany, Department of Vegetation Ecology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Lidická 25/27, Brno 602 00, Czech Republic
- Masaryk University, Department of Botany and Zoology, Kotlářská 2, Brno 611 37, Czech Republic
| | - Radim Hédl
- Institute of Botany, Department of Vegetation Ecology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Lidická 25/27, Brno 602 00, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kopecký
- Institute of Botany, Department of Vegetation Ecology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Lidická 25/27, Brno 602 00, Czech Republic
| | - Dušan Utinek
- Ministry of Environment of the Czech Republic, Vršovická 1442, Prague 10, 100 10, Czech Republic
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Müllerová J, Szabó P, Kopecký M, Macek M. LONGWOOD - integrating woodland history and ecology in a geodatabase through an interdisciplinary approach. Proc SPIE Int Soc Opt Eng 2013; 8795:87951W. [PMID: 29242674 PMCID: PMC5726494 DOI: 10.1117/12.2027650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Forests in Europe have been shaped considerably by human activities during most of the Holocene. Changes in forest structure, distribution of tree species and forest biodiversity are partly driven by management history, and many current forest types result from former management. The interdisciplinary project "Long-term woodland dynamics in Central Europe: from estimations to a realistic model" (LONGWOOD) aims to reconstruct long-term dynamics of woodland cover, structure and management in the eastern Czech Republic (Moravia, ca. 27,000 km2), compare the historical and present state of forests, and analyze general patterns of changes and stability of woodlands as well as the role of humans in these processes. In the LONGWOOD project, palaeoecological, archaeological, historical and ecological sources of information on woodland cover, species composition, and human activities (management, settlement density) over the past 7500 years are collected and integrated in the form of a geodatabase. Combining data of different origin, scale, degree of spatial precision and detail into a single geodatabase is a challenging task. The level of detail, information content, and spatio-temporal distribution of data varies between layers as well as individual records according to the nature of the data source and the data itself. The limited and incomplete sources of information until ca. 1100 AD provide a coarser view on forest history while the historical period (especially the past ca. 250 years) is covered by large amounts of precisely located ecological and historical data enabling detailed spatial and temporal analyses. Data on forest structure, history and management will be related to environmental factors (soil type, climate, elevation and other topographic variables derived from DEM) and social historical data (settlement distribution, population density, landuse). A spatio-temporal forest landscape model will be built to assess the forest changes and the main drivers of change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Müllerová
- Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Péter Szabó
- Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Lidická 25/27 Brno 60200, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kopecký
- Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Lidická 25/27 Brno 60200, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Macek
- Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic
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Janatková K, Reháková K, Doležal J, Simek M, Chlumská Z, Dvorský M, Kopecký M. Community structure of soil phototrophs along environmental gradients in arid Himalaya. Environ Microbiol 2013; 15:2505-16. [PMID: 23647963 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.12132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 03/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The well-developed biological soil crusts cover up to 40% of the soil surface in the alpine and subnival zones of the Tibetan Plateau, accounting for a vast area of Asia. We investigated the diversity and biomass of the phototrophic part (Cyanobacteria) of the microbial community inhabiting biological soil crusts and uncrusted soils in their surroundings on the elevation gradient of 5200-5900 m a.s.l. The influence of soil physico-chemical properties on phototrophs was studied. The ability of high-altitude phototrophs to fix molecular nitrogen was also determined under laboratory conditions. The biological soil crust phototroph community did not differ from that living in uncrusted soil in terms of the species composition, but the biomass is three-to-five times higher. An increasing trend in the cyanobacterial biomass from the biological soil crusts with elevation was observed, with the genera Nostoc spp., Microcoleus vaginatus and Phormidium spp. contributing to this increase. Based on the laboratory experiments, the highest nitrogenase activity was recorded in the middle elevations, and the rate of nitrogen fixation was not correlated with the cyanobacterial biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateřina Janatková
- Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Dukelská 135, 37982, Třeboň, Czech Republic
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Altman J, Hédl R, Szabó P, Mazůrek P, Riedl V, Müllerová J, Kopecký M, Doležal J. Tree-rings mirror management legacy: dramatic response of standard oaks to past coppicing in Central Europe. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55770. [PMID: 23405213 PMCID: PMC3565998 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coppicing was one of the most important forest management systems in Europe documented in prehistory as well as in the Middle Ages. However, coppicing was gradually abandoned by the mid-20(th) century, which has altered the ecosystem structure, diversity and function of coppice woods. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Our aim was to disentangle factors shaping the historical growth dynamics of oak standards (i.e. mature trees growing through several coppice cycles) in a former coppice-with-standards in Central Europe. Specifically, we tried to detect historical coppicing events from tree-rings of oak standards, to link coppicing events with the recruitment of mature oaks, and to determine the effects of neighbouring trees on the stem increment of oak standards. Large peaks in radial growth found for the periods 1895-1899 and 1935-1939 matched with historical records of coppice harvests. After coppicing, the number of newly recruited oak standards markedly grew in comparison with the preceding or following periods. The last significant recruitment of oak standards was after the 1930s following the last regular coppicing event. The diameter increment of oak standards from 1953 to 2003 was negatively correlated with competition indices, suggesting that neighbouring trees (mainly resprouting coppiced Tilia platyphyllos) partly suppressed the growth of oak standards. Our results showed that improved light conditions following historical coppicing events caused significant increase in pulses of radial growth and most probably maintained oak recruitment. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Our historical perspective carries important implications for oak management in Central Europe and elsewhere. Relatively intense cutting creating open canopy woodlands, either as in the coppicing system or in the form of selective cutting, is needed to achieve significant radial growth in mature oaks. It is also critical for the successful regeneration and long-term maintenance of oak populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Altman
- Institute of Botany of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Průhonice, Czech Republic.
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38
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Abstract
1. The plant community structure of European lowland forests has changed dramatically in the 20th century, leading to biodiversity decline at various spatial scales. However, due to methodological difficulties associated with simultaneous changes in species diversity and composition, ecological processes behind the changes are still poorly understood. 2. We analysed temporal changes in forest plant community after the mid-20th century abandonment of coppicing in a typical Central European forest, which had been managed as coppice for centuries. We used 122 semi-permanent plots first surveyed in the 1950s shortly after the last coppicing and again in the 2000s after half a century of natural succession. We used a novel Temporal Nestedness Analysis to disentangle the immigration and extinction processes underlying temporal changes in community structure and tested whether species gains and losses were ecologically random. 3. The studied vegetation has shifted from the species-rich assemblages of a relatively open and low-nutrient forest towards the impoverished flora of a closed-canopy forest dominated by a few shade-adapted species. The significant reduction of beta diversity, i.e. compositional heterogeneity among plots, indicated taxonomic homogenization of the forest understorey. Temporal species turnover was only a minor component of the community change and recent assemblages are nested subsets of the former ones. Ecologically non-random extinctions dominated these changes. Light-demanding species with a persistent seed-bank were the most prone to extinction, while species with high specific leaf area substantially increased in frequency. 4. Synthesis and applications. The dominant process after the abandonment of coppicing was the ecologically non-random extinction of light-demanding species leading to an impoverished, temporally nested plant community structure. This development is typical for many abandoned lowland coppice forests and poses a significant threat to forest biodiversity in Europe. If forestry and conservation policies continue to prefer closed-canopy stands, many endangered species are likely to pay their extinction debts. To restore declining or even locally extinct species, canopy opening in abandoned coppices is urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kopecký
- Department of Vegetation Ecology, Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Lidická 25/27, CZ-602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Benátská 2, CZ-128 01 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radim Hédl
- Department of Vegetation Ecology, Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Lidická 25/27, CZ-602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Péter Szabó
- Department of Vegetation Ecology, Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Lidická 25/27, CZ-602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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Šourek Z, Kopecký M, Kub J, Fábry J, Hlinka J. Atomic ordering in PbMgTaO recovered from the anomalous X-ray scattering. Acta Crystallogr A 2012. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767312095414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Fábry J, Krupková R, Kopecký M. When organic and metal–organic molecules cease to crystallize? Acta Crystallogr A 2011. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767311091951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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41
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Šourek Z, Kopecký M, Kub J, Fábry J, Novák V, Cukr M. Real-structure anisotropy in GaMnAs layers. Acta Crystallogr A 2011. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767311088866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Abstract
A new approach to local structure determination is presented. A three-dimensional region of the reciprocal space of a SrTiO(3) single crystal was mapped by measuring x-ray diffuse scattering patterns at different sample orientations in order to reconstruct the local atomic structure. The phase problem was solved by means of anomalous scattering from strontium atoms at photon energies near their K absorption edge. Real-space reconstruction provides the average short-range order atomic arrangement in the vicinity of anomalous scatterers up to a distance of several unit cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kopecký
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague 8, Czech Republic
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Kopecký M, Kub J, Busetto E, Lausi A, Cukr M, Novák V, Olejník K, Wright JP, Fábry J. Location of Mn sites in ferromagnetic Ga1−xMnxAs studied by means of X-ray diffuse scattering holography. J Appl Crystallogr 2006. [DOI: 10.1107/s0021889806029748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
A three-dimensional image of the local neighbourhood of Mn atoms in a Ga1−xMnxAs (x= 0.02) layer has been obtained by using X-ray diffuse scattering holography. The first and second nearest neighbours of the Mn atoms correspond to the local structure around Ga atoms in the zinc-blende GaAs structure. Accordingly, the Mn atoms are situated in substitutional positions.
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Abstract
Corticosteroids have been shown to play a role in cardiac remodeling, with the possibility of a direct effect of overexpression of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11HSD) isoform 2 at the level of the cardiomyocytes. The aim of this study was to examine cardiac steroid metabolism in hypertensive rats with hearts that are hypertrophied and fibrotic and have structural alterations in the coronary circulation. To assess possible alterations of cardiac steroid metabolism the expression and activity of both isoforms of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11HSD) were studied in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), their normotensive controls Wistar-Kyoto (WKY), and in Dahl salt-sensitive (DS) and salt-resistant rats (DR) kept on a low- or high-salt diet. Using real-time quantitative RT-PCR and enzyme activity assay we found strain-dependent differences in cardiac metabolism of glucocorticoids. In Dahl rats expression of 11HSD1 and 11HSD2 mRNA was lower in DS than in DR rats and was not influenced by dietary salt intake; 11HSD1 mRNA was expressed at higher level than 11HSD2 mRNA. NADP(+)-dependent cardiac 11HSD activity showed similar distribution as 11HSD1 mRNA-lower activity in DS than in DR rats and no effect of salt intake. In SHR and WKY strains 11HSD2 mRNA expression was significantly higher in WKY than in SHR but no differences were observed in 11HSD1 mRNA abundance and NADP(+)-dependent 11HSD activity. These results show that the heart is able to metabolize glucocorticoids and that this metabolism is strain-dependent but do not support the notion of association between cardiac hypertrophy and changes of 11HSD1 and 11HSD2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Mazancová
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídenská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4 Krc, Czech Republic
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Kopecký M, Balás P, Semecký V, Tilser I, Rouchalová E. [Reperfusion injury in the isolated rat liver after hypothermic preservation]. Ceska Slov Farm 2002; 51:84-90. [PMID: 11928282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Histological changes which appear as a result of reperfusion injury of cold-preserved rat liver were studied at intervals of 0 hr, 3 hr, 24 hr and 48 hr of cold storage. The isolated livers were stored in a UW solution (University of Wisconsin), which is used in human liver transplantations. Computer image analysis of light microscopic sections (methyl green-pyronin stained) was used for the study and quantification of injured cells. The method of TUNEL was performed to prove possible apoptosis of sinusoidal endothelial cells and heptocytes. Bile production during reperfusion and ALT, AST, LDH and ACP were measured in the reperfusion medium at the end of the 90 min reperfusion. It has been confirmed that prolongation of the cold storage of liver results in extensive changes in the liver structure and increased injury of liver cells. Sinusoidal endothelial cells were damaged more and earlier than hepatocytes. It has been shown that methyl green-pyronin stained sections are advantageous for the study of these morphological changes, allowing the strongest view of these changes. The appearance of TUNEL positive cells and an increase in the levels of biochemical parameters, e.g. AST or ALT, indicate earlier cell injury. The methodology described in this article can be used for the study of reperfusion injury of the liver and for the study of this phenomenon in other experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kopecký
- Katedra biologických a lékarských vĕd Farmaceutické fakulty Univerzity Karlovy, Hradec Králove.
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