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Vives‐Ingla M, Sala‐Garcia J, Stefanescu C, Casadó‐Tortosa A, Garcia M, Peñuelas J, Carnicer J. Interspecific differences in microhabitat use expose insects to contrasting thermal mortality. ECOL MONOGR 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ecm.1561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vives‐Ingla
- CREAF, E08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès) Catalonia Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès) Catalonia Spain
| | - Javier Sala‐Garcia
- CREAF, E08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès) Catalonia Spain
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, E28006 Madrid Spain
| | - Constantí Stefanescu
- CREAF, E08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès) Catalonia Spain
- Museu de Ciències Naturals de Granollers, E08400 Granollers Spain
| | - Armand Casadó‐Tortosa
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, E08028 Barcelona Catalonia Spain
| | - Meritxell Garcia
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, E08028 Barcelona Catalonia Spain
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CREAF, E08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès) Catalonia Spain
- CSIC, Global Ecology CREAF‐CSIC‐UAB, E08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès) Catalonia Spain
| | - Jofre Carnicer
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès) Catalonia Spain
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, E08028 Barcelona Catalonia Spain
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, E08028 Barcelona Catalonia Spain
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Lembrechts JJ, van den Hoogen J, Aalto J, Ashcroft MB, De Frenne P, Kemppinen J, Kopecký M, Luoto M, Maclean IMD, Crowther TW, Bailey JJ, Haesen S, Klinges DH, Niittynen P, Scheffers BR, Van Meerbeek K, Aartsma P, Abdalaze O, Abedi M, Aerts R, Ahmadian N, Ahrends A, Alatalo JM, Alexander JM, Allonsius CN, Altman J, Ammann C, Andres C, Andrews C, Ardö J, Arriga N, Arzac A, Aschero V, Assis RL, Assmann JJ, Bader MY, Bahalkeh K, Barančok P, Barrio IC, Barros A, Barthel M, Basham EW, Bauters M, Bazzichetto M, Marchesini LB, Bell MC, Benavides JC, Benito Alonso JL, Berauer BJ, Bjerke JW, Björk RG, Björkman MP, Björnsdóttir K, Blonder B, Boeckx P, Boike J, Bokhorst S, Brum BNS, Brůna J, Buchmann N, Buysse P, Camargo JL, Campoe OC, Candan O, Canessa R, Cannone N, Carbognani M, Carnicer J, Casanova‐Katny A, Cesarz S, Chojnicki B, Choler P, Chown SL, Cifuentes EF, Čiliak M, Contador T, Convey P, Cooper EJ, Cremonese E, Curasi SR, Curtis R, Cutini M, Dahlberg CJ, Daskalova GN, de Pablo MA, Della Chiesa S, Dengler J, Deronde B, Descombes P, Di Cecco V, Di Musciano M, Dick J, Dimarco RD, Dolezal J, Dorrepaal E, Dušek J, Eisenhauer N, Eklundh L, Erickson TE, Erschbamer B, Eugster W, Ewers RM, Exton DA, Fanin N, Fazlioglu F, Feigenwinter I, Fenu G, Ferlian O, Fernández Calzado MR, Fernández‐Pascual E, Finckh M, Higgens RF, Forte TGW, Freeman EC, Frei ER, Fuentes‐Lillo E, García RA, García MB, Géron C, Gharun M, Ghosn D, Gigauri K, Gobin A, Goded I, Goeckede M, Gottschall F, Goulding K, Govaert S, Graae BJ, Greenwood S, Greiser C, Grelle A, Guénard B, Guglielmin M, Guillemot J, Haase P, Haider S, Halbritter AH, Hamid M, Hammerle A, Hampe A, Haugum SV, Hederová L, Heinesch B, Helfter C, Hepenstrick D, Herberich M, Herbst M, Hermanutz L, Hik DS, Hoffrén R, Homeier J, Hörtnagl L, Høye TT, Hrbacek F, Hylander K, Iwata H, Jackowicz‐Korczynski MA, Jactel H, Järveoja J, Jastrzębowski S, Jentsch A, Jiménez JJ, Jónsdóttir IS, Jucker T, Jump AS, Juszczak R, Kanka R, Kašpar V, Kazakis G, Kelly J, Khuroo AA, Klemedtsson L, Klisz M, Kljun N, Knohl A, Kobler J, Kollár J, Kotowska MM, Kovács B, Kreyling J, Lamprecht A, Lang SI, Larson C, Larson K, Laska K, le Maire G, Leihy RI, Lens L, Liljebladh B, Lohila A, Lorite J, Loubet B, Lynn J, Macek M, Mackenzie R, Magliulo E, Maier R, Malfasi F, Máliš F, Man M, Manca G, Manco A, Manise T, Manolaki P, Marciniak F, Matula R, Mazzolari AC, Medinets S, Medinets V, Meeussen C, Merinero S, Mesquita RDCG, Meusburger K, Meysman FJR, Michaletz ST, Milbau A, Moiseev D, Moiseev P, Mondoni A, Monfries R, Montagnani L, Moriana‐Armendariz M, Morra di Cella U, Mörsdorf M, Mosedale JR, Muffler L, Muñoz‐Rojas M, Myers JA, Myers‐Smith IH, Nagy L, Nardino M, Naujokaitis‐Lewis I, Newling E, Nicklas L, Niedrist G, Niessner A, Nilsson MB, Normand S, Nosetto MD, Nouvellon Y, Nuñez MA, Ogaya R, Ogée J, Okello J, Olejnik J, Olesen JE, Opedal ØH, Orsenigo S, Palaj A, Pampuch T, Panov AV, Pärtel M, Pastor A, Pauchard A, Pauli H, Pavelka M, Pearse WD, Peichl M, Pellissier L, Penczykowski RM, Penuelas J, Petit Bon M, Petraglia A, Phartyal SS, Phoenix GK, Pio C, Pitacco A, Pitteloud C, Plichta R, Porro F, Portillo‐Estrada M, Poulenard J, Poyatos R, Prokushkin AS, Puchalka R, Pușcaș M, Radujković D, Randall K, Ratier Backes A, Remmele S, Remmers W, Renault D, Risch AC, Rixen C, Robinson SA, Robroek BJM, Rocha AV, Rossi C, Rossi G, Roupsard O, Rubtsov AV, Saccone P, Sagot C, Sallo Bravo J, Santos CC, Sarneel JM, Scharnweber T, Schmeddes J, Schmidt M, Scholten T, Schuchardt M, Schwartz N, Scott T, Seeber J, Segalin de Andrade AC, Seipel T, Semenchuk P, Senior RA, Serra‐Diaz JM, Sewerniak P, Shekhar A, Sidenko NV, Siebicke L, Siegwart Collier L, Simpson E, Siqueira DP, Sitková Z, Six J, Smiljanic M, Smith SW, Smith‐Tripp S, Somers B, Sørensen MV, Souza JJLL, Souza BI, Souza Dias A, Spasojevic MJ, Speed JDM, Spicher F, Stanisci A, Steinbauer K, Steinbrecher R, Steinwandter M, Stemkovski M, Stephan JG, Stiegler C, Stoll S, Svátek M, Svoboda M, Tagesson T, Tanentzap AJ, Tanneberger F, Theurillat J, Thomas HJD, Thomas AD, Tielbörger K, Tomaselli M, Treier UA, Trouillier M, Turtureanu PD, Tutton R, Tyystjärvi VA, Ueyama M, Ujházy K, Ujházyová M, Uogintas D, Urban AV, Urban J, Urbaniak M, Ursu T, Vaccari FP, Van de Vondel S, van den Brink L, Van Geel M, Vandvik V, Vangansbeke P, Varlagin A, Veen GF, Veenendaal E, Venn SE, Verbeeck H, Verbrugggen E, Verheijen FGA, Villar L, Vitale L, Vittoz P, Vives‐Ingla M, von Oppen J, Walz J, Wang R, Wang Y, Way RG, Wedegärtner REM, Weigel R, Wild J, Wilkinson M, Wilmking M, Wingate L, Winkler M, Wipf S, Wohlfahrt G, Xenakis G, Yang Y, Yu Z, Yu K, Zellweger F, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Zhao P, Ziemblińska K, Zimmermann R, Zong S, Zyryanov VI, Nijs I, Lenoir J. Global maps of soil temperature. Glob Chang Biol 2022; 28:3110-3144. [PMID: 34967074 PMCID: PMC9303923 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Research in global change ecology relies heavily on global climatic grids derived from estimates of air temperature in open areas at around 2 m above the ground. These climatic grids do not reflect conditions below vegetation canopies and near the ground surface, where critical ecosystem functions occur and most terrestrial species reside. Here, we provide global maps of soil temperature and bioclimatic variables at a 1-km2 resolution for 0-5 and 5-15 cm soil depth. These maps were created by calculating the difference (i.e. offset) between in situ soil temperature measurements, based on time series from over 1200 1-km2 pixels (summarized from 8519 unique temperature sensors) across all the world's major terrestrial biomes, and coarse-grained air temperature estimates from ERA5-Land (an atmospheric reanalysis by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts). We show that mean annual soil temperature differs markedly from the corresponding gridded air temperature, by up to 10°C (mean = 3.0 ± 2.1°C), with substantial variation across biomes and seasons. Over the year, soils in cold and/or dry biomes are substantially warmer (+3.6 ± 2.3°C) than gridded air temperature, whereas soils in warm and humid environments are on average slightly cooler (-0.7 ± 2.3°C). The observed substantial and biome-specific offsets emphasize that the projected impacts of climate and climate change on near-surface biodiversity and ecosystem functioning are inaccurately assessed when air rather than soil temperature is used, especially in cold environments. The global soil-related bioclimatic variables provided here are an important step forward for any application in ecology and related disciplines. Nevertheless, we highlight the need to fill remaining geographic gaps by collecting more in situ measurements of microclimate conditions to further enhance the spatiotemporal resolution of global soil temperature products for ecological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas J. Lembrechts
- Research Group PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems)University of AntwerpWilrijkBelgium
| | - Johan van den Hoogen
- Department of Environmental Systems ScienceInstitute of Integrative BiologyETH ZürichZürichSwitzerland
| | - Juha Aalto
- Finnish Meteorological InstituteHelsinkiFinland
- Department of Geosciences and GeographyUniversity of HelsinkiFinland
| | - Michael B. Ashcroft
- Centre for Sustainable Ecosystem Solutions, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life SciencesUniversity of WollongongWollongongNew South WalesAustralia
- Australian MuseumSydneyAustralia
| | - Pieter De Frenne
- Forest & Nature LabDepartment of EnvironmentGhent UniversityMelle‐GontrodeBelgium
| | | | - Martin Kopecký
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of SciencesPrůhoniceCzech Republic
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood SciencesCzech University of Life Sciences PraguePrague 6 ‐ SuchdolCzech Republic
| | - Miska Luoto
- Department of Geosciences and GeographyUniversity of HelsinkiFinland
| | - Ilya M. D. Maclean
- Environment and Sustainability InstituteUniversity of ExeterPenryn CampusPenrynUK
| | - Thomas W. Crowther
- Department of Environmental Systems ScienceInstitute of Integrative BiologyETH ZürichZürichSwitzerland
| | | | - Stef Haesen
- Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - David H. Klinges
- School of Natural Resources and EnvironmentUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
- Smithsonian Environmental Research CenterEdgewaterMarylandUSA
| | - Pekka Niittynen
- Department of Geosciences and GeographyUniversity of HelsinkiFinland
| | - Brett R. Scheffers
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and ConservationUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | | | - Peter Aartsma
- Department of Natural Sciences and Environmental HealthUniversity of South‐Eastern NorwayBøNorway
| | - Otar Abdalaze
- Alpine Ecosystems Research ProgramInstitute of EcologyIlia State UniversityTbilisiGeorgia
| | - Mehdi Abedi
- Department of Range ManagementFaculty of Natural Resources and Marine SciencesTarbiat Modares UniversityNoorIran
| | - Rien Aerts
- Department of Ecological ScienceVrije Universiteit AmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Negar Ahmadian
- Department of Range ManagementFaculty of Natural Resources and Marine SciencesTarbiat Modares UniversityNoorIran
| | | | | | - Jake M. Alexander
- Department of Environmental Systems ScienceInstitute of Integrative BiologyETH ZurichZürichSwitzerland
| | | | - Jan Altman
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of SciencesPrůhoniceCzech Republic
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood SciencesCzech University of Life Sciences PraguePrague 6 ‐ SuchdolCzech Republic
| | - Christof Ammann
- Department of Agroecology and EnvironmentAgroscope Research InstituteZürichSwitzerland
| | - Christian Andres
- Department of Environmental Systems ScienceETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | | | - Jonas Ardö
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem ScienceLund UniversityLundSweden
| | - Nicola Arriga
- European CommissionJoint Research Centre (JRC)IspraItaly
| | | | - Valeria Aschero
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y NaturalesUniversidad Nacional de CuyoMendozaArgentina
- Instituto Argentino de NivologiáGlaciologiá y Ciencias Ambientales (IANIGLA)CONICETCCT‐MendozaMendozaArgentina
| | | | - Jakob Johann Assmann
- Center for Sustainable Landscapes Under Global ChangeDepartment of BiologyAarhus UniversityAarhus CDenmark
- Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing WorldDepartment of BiologyAarhus UniversityAarhus CDenmark
| | - Maaike Y. Bader
- Ecological Plant GeographyFaculty of GeographyUniversity of MarburgMarburgGermany
| | - Khadijeh Bahalkeh
- Department of Range ManagementFaculty of Natural Resources and Marine SciencesTarbiat Modares UniversityNoorIran
| | - Peter Barančok
- Institute of Landscape Ecology Slovak Academy of SciencesBratislavaSlovakia
| | - Isabel C. Barrio
- Faculty of Environmental and Forest SciencesAgricultural University of IcelandReykjavíkIceland
| | - Agustina Barros
- Instituto Argentino de NivologiáGlaciologiá y Ciencias Ambientales (IANIGLA)CONICETCCT‐MendozaMendozaArgentina
| | - Matti Barthel
- Department of Environmental Systems ScienceETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Edmund W. Basham
- School of Natural Resources and EnvironmentUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Marijn Bauters
- Isotope Bioscience Laboratory ‐ ISOFYSGhent UniversityGentBelgium
| | - Manuele Bazzichetto
- Université de RennesCNRSEcoBio (Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution) ‐ UMR 6553RennesFrance
| | - Luca Belelli Marchesini
- Department of Sustainable Agro‐ecosystems and Bioresources, Research and Innovation CentreFondazione Edmund MachSan Michele all’AdigeItaly
| | | | | | | | - Bernd J. Berauer
- Institute of Landscape and Plant EcologyDepartment of Plant EcologyUniversity of HohenheimStuttgartGermany
- Disturbance EcologyBayCEERUniversity of BayreuthBayreuthGermany
| | - Jarle W. Bjerke
- Norwegian Institute for Nature ResearchFRAM ‐ High North Research Centre for Climate and the EnvironmentTromsøNorway
| | - Robert G. Björk
- Department of Earth SciencesUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity CentreGothenburgSweden
| | - Mats P. Björkman
- Department of Earth SciencesUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity CentreGothenburgSweden
| | - Katrin Björnsdóttir
- Department of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Benjamin Blonder
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and ManagementUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Pascal Boeckx
- Isotope Bioscience Laboratory ‐ ISOFYSGhent UniversityGentBelgium
| | - Julia Boike
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine ResearchTelegrafenberg A45PotsdamGermany
- Geography DepartmentHumboldt‐Universität zu BerlinGermany
| | - Stef Bokhorst
- Department of Ecological ScienceVrije Universiteit AmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Bárbara N. S. Brum
- Pós‐Graduação em Ciências de Florestas TropicaisInstituto Nacional de Pesquisas da AmazôniaManausBrasil
| | - Josef Brůna
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of SciencesPrůhoniceCzech Republic
| | - Nina Buchmann
- Department of Environmental Systems ScienceETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Pauline Buysse
- UMR ECOSYS INRAEUinversité Paris SaclayAgroParisTechFrance
| | - José Luís Camargo
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments ProjectBDFFPInstituto Nacional de Pesquisas da AmazôniaManausBrazil
| | - Otávio C. Campoe
- Department of Forest SciencesFederal University of LavrasLavrasBrazil
| | - Onur Candan
- Faculty of Arts and SciencesDepartment of Molecular Biology and GeneticsOrdu UniversityOrduTurkey
| | - Rafaella Canessa
- Ecological Plant GeographyFaculty of GeographyUniversity of MarburgMarburgGermany
- Plant Ecology GroupDepartment of Evolution and EcologyUniversity of TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Nicoletta Cannone
- Department of Science and High TechnologyInsubria UniversityComoItaly
| | - Michele Carbognani
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental SustainabilityUniversity of ParmaParmaItaly
| | - Jofre Carnicer
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental SciencesBiodiversity Research Institute (IRBio)University of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- CREAFE08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès)Spain
| | - Angélica Casanova‐Katny
- Laboratorio de Ecofisiología Vegetal y Cambio ClimáticoLaboratorio de Ecofisiología Vegetal y Cambio ClimáticoDepartamento de Ciencias Veterinarias y Salud PúblicaUniversidad Católica de TemucoCampus Luis Rivas del Canto and Núcleo de Estudios Ambientales (NEA)Facultad de Recursos NaturalesUniversidad Católica de TemucoTemucoChile
| | - Simone Cesarz
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Institute of BiologyLeipzig UniversityLeipzigGermany
| | - Bogdan Chojnicki
- Laboratory of BioclimatologyDepartment of Ecology and Environmental ProtectionPoznan University of Life SciencesPoznanPoland
| | - Philippe Choler
- Univ. Grenoble AlpesUniv. Savoie Mont BlancCNRSLECAGrenobleFrance
- Univ. Grenoble AlpesUniv. Savoie Mont BlancCNRSLTSER Zone Atelier AlpesGrenobleFrance
| | - Steven L. Chown
- Securing Antarctica's Environmental FutureSchool of Biological SciencesMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Edgar F. Cifuentes
- Forest Ecology and Conservation GroupDepartment of Plant SciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Marek Čiliak
- Faculty of Ecology and Environmental SciencesTechnical University in ZvolenZvolenSlovakia
| | - Tamara Contador
- Millennium Institute Biodiversity of Antarctic and Subantarctic Ecosystems (BASE)University Austral of ChileValdiviaChile
- Cape Horn International Center (CHIC)Puerto WilliamsChile
| | - Peter Convey
- British Antarctic SurveyNERC, High CrossCambridgeUK
| | - Elisabeth J. Cooper
- Department of Arctic and Marine BiologyFaculty of Biosciences Fisheries and EconomicsUiT‐The Arctic University of NorwayTromsøNorway
| | - Edoardo Cremonese
- Climate Change UnitEnvironmental Protection Agency of Aosta ValleyItaly
| | - Salvatore R. Curasi
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Notre DameNotre DameIndianaUSA
| | - Robin Curtis
- Environment and Sustainability InstituteUniversity of ExeterPenryn CampusPenrynUK
| | | | - C. Johan Dahlberg
- Department of EcologyEnvironment and Plant Sciences and Bolin Centre for Climate ResearchStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
- The County Administrative Board of Västra GötalandGothenburgSweden
| | | | | | | | - Jürgen Dengler
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Vegetation EcologyInstitute of Natural Resource Sciences (IUNR)ZHAW Zurich University of Applied SciencesWädenswilSwitzerland
- Plant EcologyBayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER)University of BayreuthBayreuthGermany
| | | | | | - Valter Di Cecco
- Majella Seed BankMajella National ParkColle MadonnaLama dei PeligniItaly
| | - Michele Di Musciano
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental SciencesUniversity of L'AquilaL'AquilaItaly
| | - Jan Dick
- UK Centre for Ecology and HydrologyPenicuikUK
| | - Romina D. Dimarco
- Grupo de Ecología de Poblaciones de InsectosIFAB (INTA ‐ CONICET)BarilocheArgentina
- Department of Biology and BiochemistryUniversity of HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Jiri Dolezal
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of SciencesPrůhoniceCzech Republic
- Faculty of ScienceDepartment of BotanyUniversity of South BohemiaČeské BudějoviceCzech Republic
| | - Ellen Dorrepaal
- Climate Impacts Research CentreDepartment of Ecology and Environmental ScienceUmeå UniversityAbiskoSweden
| | - Jiří Dušek
- Global Change Research InstituteAcademy of Sciences of the Czech RepublicCzech Republic
| | - Nico Eisenhauer
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Institute of BiologyLeipzig UniversityLeipzigGermany
| | - Lars Eklundh
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem ScienceLund UniversityLundSweden
| | - Todd E. Erickson
- School of Biological SciencesThe University of Western AustraliaCrawleyWestern AustraliaAustralia
- Kings Park ScienceDepartment of Biodiversity, Conservation and AttractionsKings ParkAustralia
| | - Brigitta Erschbamer
- Department of BotanyFaculty of BiologyUniversity of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Werner Eugster
- Department of Environmental Systems ScienceETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | | | | | - Nicolas Fanin
- INRAEBordeaux Sciences AgroUMR 1391 ISPAVillenave d'OrnonFrance
| | - Fatih Fazlioglu
- Faculty of Arts and SciencesDepartment of Molecular Biology and GeneticsOrdu UniversityOrduTurkey
| | - Iris Feigenwinter
- Department of Environmental Systems ScienceETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Giuseppe Fenu
- Department of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of CagliariCagliariItaly
| | - Olga Ferlian
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Institute of BiologyLeipzig UniversityLeipzigGermany
| | | | | | - Manfred Finckh
- Institute for Plant Science and MicrobiologyUniversity of HamburgHamburgGermany
| | | | - T'ai G. W. Forte
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental SustainabilityUniversity of ParmaParmaItaly
| | - Erika C. Freeman
- Ecosystems and Global Change GroupDepartment of Plant SciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Esther R. Frei
- WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLFDavos DorfSwitzerland
- Climate Change, Extremes and Natural Hazards in Alpine Regions Research Center CERCDavos DorfSwitzerland
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSLBirmensdorfSwitzerland
| | - Eduardo Fuentes‐Lillo
- Research Group PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems)University of AntwerpWilrijkBelgium
- Laboratorio de Invasiones Biológicas (LIB)Facultad de Ciencias ForestalesUniversidad de ConcepciónConcepciónChile
- School of Education and Social SciencesAdventist University of ChileChile
| | - Rafael A. García
- Laboratorio de Invasiones Biológicas (LIB)Facultad de Ciencias ForestalesUniversidad de ConcepciónConcepciónChile
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB)SantiagoChile
| | | | - Charly Géron
- Research Group PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems)University of AntwerpWilrijkBelgium
- Biodiversity and LandscapeTERRA Research CentreGembloux Agro‐Bio TechUniversity of LiègeGemblouxBelgium
| | - Mana Gharun
- Department of Environmental Systems ScienceETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Dany Ghosn
- Department of Geo‐information in Environmental ManagementMediterranean Agronomic Institute of ChaniaChaniaGreece
| | - Khatuna Gigauri
- Department of Environmental Management and PolicyGeorgian Institute of Public AffairsTbilisiGeorgia
| | - Anne Gobin
- Flemish Institute for Technological ResearchMolBelgium
- Department of Earth and Environmental ScienceFaculty of BioScience EngineeringKULeuvenBelgium
| | - Ignacio Goded
- European CommissionJoint Research Centre (JRC)IspraItaly
| | - Mathias Goeckede
- Department of Biogeochemical SignalsMax Planck Institute for BiogeochemistryJenaGermany
| | - Felix Gottschall
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Institute of BiologyLeipzig UniversityLeipzigGermany
| | - Keith Goulding
- Sustainable Agricultural Sciences DepartmentRothamsted ResearchHarpendenUK
| | - Sanne Govaert
- Forest & Nature LabDepartment of EnvironmentGhent UniversityMelle‐GontrodeBelgium
| | - Bente Jessen Graae
- Department of BiologyNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway
| | - Sarah Greenwood
- Biodiversity, Wildlife and Ecosystem HealthBiomedical SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Caroline Greiser
- Department of EcologyEnvironment and Plant Sciences and Bolin Centre for Climate ResearchStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | - Achim Grelle
- Department of EcologySwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaSweden
| | - Benoit Guénard
- School of Biological SciencesThe University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Mauro Guglielmin
- Department of Theoretical and Applied SciencesInsubria UniversityVareseItaly
| | - Joannès Guillemot
- CIRAD, UMR Eco&SolsMontpellierFrance
- Eco&SolsUniv MontpellierCIRADINRAEIRDMontpellier SupAgroMontpellierFrance
| | - Peter Haase
- Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum FrankfurtGelnhausenGermany
- Faculty of BiologyUniversity of Duisburg‐EssenEssenGermany
| | - Sylvia Haider
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Institute of Biology / Geobotany and Botanical GardenMartin Luther University Halle‐WittenbergHalle (Saale)Germany
| | - Aud H. Halbritter
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bjerknes Centre for Climate ResearchUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
| | - Maroof Hamid
- Centre for Biodiversity and TaxonomyDepartment of BotanyUniversity of KashmirSrinagarIndia
| | - Albin Hammerle
- Department of EcologyUniversity of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | | | - Siri V. Haugum
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bjerknes Centre for Climate ResearchUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
- The Heathland CentreAlverNorway
| | - Lucia Hederová
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of SciencesPrůhoniceCzech Republic
| | - Bernard Heinesch
- TERRA Teaching and Research CenterFaculty of Gembloux Agro‐Bio TechUniversity of LiegeGemblouxBelgium
| | | | - Daniel Hepenstrick
- Vegetation EcologyInstitute of Natural Resource SciencesZHAW Zurich University of Applied SciencesGrüentalSwitzerland
| | - Maximiliane Herberich
- Institute for BotanyUniversity of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU)ViennaAustria
| | - Mathias Herbst
- Centre for Agrometeorological Research (ZAMF)German Meteorological Service (DWD)BraunschweigGermany
| | - Luise Hermanutz
- Dept of BiologyMemorial UniversitySt. John'sNewfoundlandCanada
| | - David S. Hik
- Department of Biological SciencesSimon Fraser UniversityBurnabyBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Raúl Hoffrén
- Department of GeographyUniversity of ZaragozaZaragozaSpain
| | - Jürgen Homeier
- Faculty of Resource ManagementHAWK University of Applied Sciences and ArtsGöttingenGermany
- Plant EcologyAlbrecht‐von‐Haller‐Institute for Plant SciencesGeorg‐August University of GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Lukas Hörtnagl
- Department of Environmental Systems ScienceETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Toke T. Høye
- Department of Ecoscience and Arctic Research CentreAarhus UniversityRøndeDenmark
| | - Filip Hrbacek
- Department of GeographyFaculty of ScienceMasaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Kristoffer Hylander
- Department of EcologyEnvironment and Plant Sciences and Bolin Centre for Climate ResearchStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | - Hiroki Iwata
- Department of Environmental ScienceShinshu UniversityMatsumotoJapan
| | - Marcin Antoni Jackowicz‐Korczynski
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem ScienceLund UniversityLundSweden
- Department of Ecoscience and Arctic Research CentreAarhus UniversityRoskildeDenmark
| | | | - Järvi Järveoja
- Department of Forest Ecology and ManagementSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUmeåSweden
| | - Szymon Jastrzębowski
- Department of Silviculture and Forest Tree GeneticsForest Research InstituteRaszynPoland
| | - Anke Jentsch
- Disturbance EcologyBayCEERUniversity of BayreuthBayreuthGermany
- Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental ResearchBayreuthGermany
| | - Juan J. Jiménez
- ARAID/IPE‐CSICPyrenean Institute of EcologyAvda. Llano de la VictoriaSpain
| | | | - Tommaso Jucker
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - Alistair S. Jump
- Biological and Environmental SciencesFaculty of Natural SciencesUniversity of StirlingScotland
| | - Radoslaw Juszczak
- Laboratory of BioclimatologyDepartment of Ecology and Environmental ProtectionPoznan University of Life SciencesPoznanPoland
| | - Róbert Kanka
- Institute of Landscape Ecology Slovak Academy of SciencesBratislavaSlovakia
| | - Vít Kašpar
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of SciencesPrůhoniceCzech Republic
- Faculty of Environmental SciencesCzech University of Life Sciences PraguePrague 6 ‐ SuchdolCzech Republic
| | - George Kazakis
- Department of Geo‐information in Environmental ManagementMediterranean Agronomic Institute of ChaniaChaniaGreece
| | - Julia Kelly
- Centre for Environmental and Climate ScienceLund UniversityLundSweden
| | - Anzar A. Khuroo
- Centre for Biodiversity and TaxonomyDepartment of BotanyUniversity of KashmirSrinagarIndia
| | - Leif Klemedtsson
- Department of Earth SciencesUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Marcin Klisz
- Department of Silviculture and Forest Tree GeneticsForest Research InstituteRaszynPoland
| | - Natascha Kljun
- Centre for Environmental and Climate ScienceLund UniversityLundSweden
| | | | | | - Jozef Kollár
- Institute of Landscape Ecology Slovak Academy of SciencesBratislavaSlovakia
| | - Martyna M. Kotowska
- Plant EcologyAlbrecht‐von‐Haller‐Institute for Plant SciencesGeorg‐August University of GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Bence Kovács
- Centre for Ecological ResearchInstitute of Ecology and BotanyVácrátótHungary
| | - Juergen Kreyling
- Experimental Plant EcologyInstitute of Botany and Landscape EcologyUniversity of GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
| | - Andrea Lamprecht
- GLORIA CoordinationInstitute for Interdisciplinary Mountain ResearchAustrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW) & Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity ResearchUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Simone I. Lang
- Department of Arctic BiologyThe University Centre in Svalbard (UNIS)Longyearbyen, SvalbardNorway
| | - Christian Larson
- Department of Land Resources and Environmental SciencesMontana State UniversityBozemanMontanaUSA
| | - Keith Larson
- Climate Impacts Research CentreDepartment of Ecology and Environmental SciencesUmeå UniversityAbiskoSweden
| | - Kamil Laska
- Department of GeographyFaculty of ScienceMasaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
- Centre for Polar EcologyFaculty of ScienceUniversity of South BohemiaČeské BudějoviceCzech Republic
| | - Guerric le Maire
- CIRAD, UMR Eco&SolsMontpellierFrance
- Eco&SolsUniv MontpellierCIRADINRAEIRDMontpellier SupAgroMontpellierFrance
| | - Rachel I. Leihy
- School of Biological SciencesMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Luc Lens
- Terrestrial Ecology UnitDepartment of BiologyGhent UniversityGentBelgium
| | - Bengt Liljebladh
- Department of Earth SciencesUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Annalea Lohila
- Finnish Meteorological InstituteClimate System ResearchHelsinkiFinland
- INAR Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/PhysicsFaculty of ScienceUniversity of HelsinkiFinland
| | - Juan Lorite
- Department of BotanyUniversity of GranadaGranadaSpain
- Interuniversity Institute for Earth System ResearchUniversity of GranadaGranadaSpain
| | | | - Joshua Lynn
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bjerknes Centre for Climate ResearchUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
| | - Martin Macek
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of SciencesPrůhoniceCzech Republic
| | - Roy Mackenzie
- Millennium Institute Biodiversity of Antarctic and Subantarctic Ecosystems (BASE)University Austral of ChileValdiviaChile
| | - Enzo Magliulo
- CNR Institute for Agricultural and Forestry Systems in the MediterraneanPortici (Napoli)Italy
| | - Regine Maier
- Department of Environmental Systems ScienceETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Francesco Malfasi
- Department of Science and High TechnologyInsubria UniversityComoItaly
| | - František Máliš
- Faculty of ForestryTechnical University in ZvolenZvolenSlovakia
| | - Matěj Man
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of SciencesPrůhoniceCzech Republic
| | - Giovanni Manca
- European CommissionJoint Research Centre (JRC)IspraItaly
| | - Antonio Manco
- CNR Institute for Agricultural and Forestry Systems in the MediterraneanPortici (Napoli)Italy
| | - Tanguy Manise
- TERRA Teaching and Research CenterFaculty of Gembloux Agro‐Bio TechUniversity of LiegeGemblouxBelgium
| | - Paraskevi Manolaki
- School of Pure & Applied SciencesEnvironmental Conservation and Management ProgrammeOpen University of CyprusLatsiaCyprus
- Department of BiologyAarhus UniversityAarhus CDenmark
- Aarhus Institute of Advanced StudiesAIAS Høegh‐Guldbergs Gade 6BAarhusDenmark
| | - Felipe Marciniak
- Pós‐Graduação em Ciências de Florestas TropicaisInstituto Nacional de Pesquisas da AmazôniaManausBrasil
| | - Radim Matula
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood SciencesCzech University of Life Sciences PraguePrague 6 ‐ SuchdolCzech Republic
- Department of Forest Botany, Dendrology and GeobiocoenologyFaculty of Forestry and Wood TechnologyMendel University in BrnoBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Ana Clara Mazzolari
- Instituto Argentino de NivologiáGlaciologiá y Ciencias Ambientales (IANIGLA)CONICETCCT‐MendozaMendozaArgentina
| | - Sergiy Medinets
- Regional Centre for Integrated Environmental MonitoringOdesa National I.I. Mechnikov UniversityOdesaUkraine
- Department of AgroecologyAarhus UniversityTjeleDenmark
- NGO New EnergyKharkivUkraine
| | - Volodymyr Medinets
- Regional Centre for Integrated Environmental MonitoringOdesa National I.I. Mechnikov UniversityOdesaUkraine
| | - Camille Meeussen
- Forest & Nature LabDepartment of EnvironmentGhent UniversityMelle‐GontrodeBelgium
| | - Sonia Merinero
- Department of EcologyEnvironment and Plant Sciences and Bolin Centre for Climate ResearchStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | - Rita de Cássia Guimarães Mesquita
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments ProjectCoordenação de Dinâmica AmbientalInstituto Nacional de Pesquisas da AmazôniaManausBrazil
| | - Katrin Meusburger
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL)BirmensdorfSwitzerland
| | | | - Sean T. Michaletz
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research CentreUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Ann Milbau
- Department of EnvironmentProvince of AntwerpAntwerpenBelgium
| | - Dmitry Moiseev
- Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology of Ural Division of Russian Academy of ScienceEkaterinburgRussia
| | - Pavel Moiseev
- Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology of Ural Division of Russian Academy of ScienceEkaterinburgRussia
| | - Andrea Mondoni
- Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | | | | | - Mikel Moriana‐Armendariz
- Department of Arctic and Marine BiologyFaculty of Biosciences Fisheries and EconomicsUiT‐The Arctic University of NorwayTromsøNorway
| | - Umberto Morra di Cella
- Climate Change Unit, Environmental Protection Agency of Aosta ValleySaint‐ChristopheItaly
| | | | - Jonathan R. Mosedale
- Environment and Sustainability InstituteUniversity of ExeterPenryn CampusCornwallUK
| | - Lena Muffler
- Plant EcologyAlbrecht‐von‐Haller‐Institute for Plant SciencesGeorg‐August University of GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Miriam Muñoz‐Rojas
- Centre for Ecosystem ScienceSchool of Biological, Earth and Environmental SciencesUNSW SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Department of Plant Biology and EcologyUniversity of SevilleSevilleSpain
| | - Jonathan A. Myers
- Department of BiologyWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | | | - Laszlo Nagy
- Department of Animal BiologyInstitute of BiologyUniversity of CampinasCampinasBrazil
| | | | - Ilona Naujokaitis‐Lewis
- National Wildlife Research CentreEnvironment and Climate Change CanadaCarleton UniversityOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Emily Newling
- School of Life and Environmental SciencesDeakin UniversityBurwoodVictoriaAustralia
| | - Lena Nicklas
- Department of BotanyFaculty of BiologyUniversity of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Georg Niedrist
- Institute for Alpine EnvironmentEurac ResearchBozen/BolzanoItaly
| | - Armin Niessner
- Institute of BiologyDepartment of Molecular BotanyUniversity of HohenheimStuttgartGermany
| | - Mats B. Nilsson
- Department of Forest Ecology and ManagementSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUmeåSweden
| | - Signe Normand
- Center for Sustainable Landscapes Under Global ChangeDepartment of BiologyAarhus UniversityAarhus CDenmark
- Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing WorldDepartment of BiologyAarhus UniversityAarhus CDenmark
| | - Marcelo D. Nosetto
- Instituto de Matemática Aplicada San LuisIMASL, CONICET and Universidad Nacional de San LuisSan LuisArgentina
- Cátedra de Climatología Agrícola (FCA‐UNER)Entre RíosArgentina
| | - Yann Nouvellon
- CIRAD, UMR Eco&SolsMontpellierFrance
- Eco&SolsUniv MontpellierCIRADINRAEIRDMontpellier SupAgroMontpellierFrance
| | - Martin A. Nuñez
- Department of Biology and BiochemistryUniversity of HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
- Grupo de Ecología de InvasionesINIBIOMACONICET/ Universidad Nacional del ComahueBarilocheArgentina
| | - Romà Ogaya
- CSICGlobal Ecology Unit CREAF‐ CSIC‐UABBellaterraSpain
- CREAFSpain
| | - Jérôme Ogée
- INRAEBordeaux Sciences AgroUMR 1391 ISPAVillenave d'OrnonFrance
| | - Joseph Okello
- Isotope Bioscience Laboratory ‐ ISOFYSGhent UniversityGentBelgium
- Mountains of the Moon UniversityFort PortalUganda
- National Agricultural Research OrganisationMbarara Zonal Agricultural Research and Development InstituteMbararaUganda
| | - Janusz Olejnik
- Laboratory of MeteorologyDepartment of Construction and GeoengineeringFaculty of Environmental Engineering and Mechanical EngineeringPoznan University of Life SciencesPoznanPoland
| | | | | | - Simone Orsenigo
- Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | - Andrej Palaj
- Institute of Landscape Ecology Slovak Academy of SciencesBratislavaSlovakia
| | - Timo Pampuch
- Institute of Botany and Landscape EcologyUniversity GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
| | | | - Meelis Pärtel
- Institute of Ecology and Earth SciencesUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
| | - Ada Pastor
- Department of BiologyAarhus UniversityAarhus CDenmark
| | - Aníbal Pauchard
- Laboratorio de Invasiones Biológicas (LIB)Facultad de Ciencias ForestalesUniversidad de ConcepciónConcepciónChile
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB)SantiagoChile
| | - Harald Pauli
- GLORIA CoordinationInstitute for Interdisciplinary Mountain ResearchAustrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW) & Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity ResearchUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Marian Pavelka
- Global Change Research InstituteAcademy of Sciences of the Czech RepublicCzech Republic
| | - William D. Pearse
- Department of Biology and Ecology CenterUtah State UniversityLoganUtahUSA
- Department of Life SciencesImperial CollegeAscot, BerkshireUK
| | - Matthias Peichl
- Department of Forest Ecology and ManagementSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUmeåSweden
| | - Loïc Pellissier
- Landscape EcologyInstitute of Terrestrial EcosystemsDepartment of Environmental Systems ScienceETH ZürichZürichSwitzerland
- Unit of Land Change ScienceSwiss Federal Research Institute WSLBirmensdorfSwitzerland
| | | | - Josep Penuelas
- CSICGlobal Ecology Unit CREAF‐ CSIC‐UABBellaterraSpain
- CREAFSpain
| | - Matteo Petit Bon
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of SciencesPrůhoniceCzech Republic
- Department of Arctic and Marine BiologyFaculty of Biosciences Fisheries and EconomicsUiT‐The Arctic University of NorwayTromsøNorway
- Department of Arctic BiologyThe University Centre in Svalbard (UNIS)Longyearbyen, SvalbardNorway
| | - Alessandro Petraglia
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental SustainabilityUniversity of ParmaParmaItaly
| | - Shyam S. Phartyal
- School of Ecology and Environment StudiesNalanda UniversityRajgirIndia
| | | | - Casimiro Pio
- CESAM & Department of EnvironmentUniversity of AveiroAveiroPortugal
| | - Andrea Pitacco
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resourcesAnimals and Environment ‐ University of PaduaLegnaroItaly
| | - Camille Pitteloud
- Landscape EcologyInstitute of Terrestrial EcosystemsDepartment of Environmental Systems ScienceETH ZürichZürichSwitzerland
- Unit of Land Change ScienceSwiss Federal Research Institute WSLBirmensdorfSwitzerland
| | - Roman Plichta
- Department of Forest Botany, Dendrology and GeobiocoenologyFaculty of Forestry and Wood TechnologyMendel University in BrnoBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Francesco Porro
- Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | | | - Jérôme Poulenard
- Univ. Savoie Mont BlancCNRSUniv. Grenoble AlpesEDYTEMChambéryFrance
| | - Rafael Poyatos
- CREAFE08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès)Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaSpain
| | - Anatoly S. Prokushkin
- Siberian Federal UniversityKrasnoyarskRussia
- V.N. Sukachev Institute of Forest SB RASKrasnoyarskRussia
| | - Radoslaw Puchalka
- Department of Ecology and BiogeographyFaculty of Biological and Veterinary SciencesNicolaus Copernicus UniversityToruńPoland
- Centre for Climate Change ResearchNicolaus Copernicus UniversityToruńPoland
| | - Mihai Pușcaș
- A. Borza Botanic GardenBabeș‐Bolyai UniversityCluj‐NapocaRomania
- Faculty of Biology and GeologyDepartment of Taxonomy and EcologyBabeș‐Bolyai UniversityCluj‐NapocaRomania
- E. G. Racoviță InstituteBabeș‐Bolyai UniversityCluj‐NapocaRomania
| | - Dajana Radujković
- Research Group PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems)University of AntwerpWilrijkBelgium
| | - Krystal Randall
- Centre for Sustainable Ecosystem Solutions, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life SciencesUniversity of WollongongWollongongNew South WalesAustralia
- Securing Antarctica's Environmental Future, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life SciencesUniversity of WollongongWollongongNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Amanda Ratier Backes
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Institute of Biology / Geobotany and Botanical GardenMartin Luther University Halle‐WittenbergHalle (Saale)Germany
| | - Sabine Remmele
- Institute of BiologyDepartment of Molecular BotanyUniversity of HohenheimStuttgartGermany
| | - Wolfram Remmers
- University of Applied Sciences TrierEnvironmental Campus BirkenfeldBirkenfeldGermany
| | - David Renault
- Université de RennesCNRSEcoBio (Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution) ‐ UMR 6553RennesFrance
- Institut Universitaire de FranceParisFrance
| | - Anita C. Risch
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSLBirmensdorfSwitzerland
| | - Christian Rixen
- WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLFDavos DorfSwitzerland
- Climate Change, Extremes and Natural Hazards in Alpine Regions Research Center CERCDavos DorfSwitzerland
| | - Sharon A. Robinson
- Centre for Sustainable Ecosystem Solutions, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life SciencesUniversity of WollongongWollongongNew South WalesAustralia
- Securing Antarctica's Environmental Future, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life SciencesUniversity of WollongongWollongongNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Bjorn J. M. Robroek
- Aquatic Ecology and Environmental Biology, Radboud Institute for Environmental and Biological SciencesRadboud University NijmegenNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Adrian V. Rocha
- Department of Biological Sciences and the Environmental Change InitiativeUniversity of Notre DameNotre DameIndianaUSA
| | - Christian Rossi
- Swiss National ParkChastè Planta‐WildenbergZernezSwitzerland
- Remote Sensing LaboratoriesDepartment of GeographyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Graziano Rossi
- Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | - Olivier Roupsard
- CIRADUMR Eco&SolsDakarSenegal
- Eco&SolsUniv MontpellierCIRADINRAE, IRDInstitut AgroMontpellierFrance
- LMI IESOLCentre IRD‐ISRA de Bel AirDakarSenegal
| | | | - Patrick Saccone
- GLORIA CoordinationInstitute for Interdisciplinary Mountain ResearchAustrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW) & Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity ResearchUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaAustria
| | | | - Jhonatan Sallo Bravo
- Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del CuscoCuscoPerú
- Centro de Investigación de la Biodiversidad Wilhelm L. JohannsenCuscoPerú
| | - Cinthya C. Santos
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, PDBFFInstituto Nacional de Pesquisas da AmazôniaManausBrazil
| | - Judith M. Sarneel
- Department of Ecology and Environmental ScienceUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
| | - Tobias Scharnweber
- Institute of Botany and Landscape EcologyUniversity GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
| | - Jonas Schmeddes
- Experimental Plant EcologyInstitute of Botany and Landscape EcologyUniversity of GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
| | - Marius Schmidt
- Institute of Bio‐ and Geosciences (IBG‐3): AgrosphereForschungszentrum Jülich GmbHJülichGermany
| | - Thomas Scholten
- Chair of Soil Science and GeomorphologyDepartment of GeosciencesUniversity of TuebingenTuebingenGermany
| | - Max Schuchardt
- Disturbance EcologyBayCEERUniversity of BayreuthBayreuthGermany
| | - Naomi Schwartz
- Department of GeographyThe University of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Tony Scott
- Sustainable Agricultural Sciences DepartmentRothamsted ResearchHarpendenUK
| | - Julia Seeber
- Department of EcologyUniversity of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
- Institute for Alpine EnvironmentEurac ResearchBozen/BolzanoItaly
| | | | - Tim Seipel
- Department of Land Resources and Environmental SciencesMontana State UniversityBozemanMontanaUSA
| | | | - Rebecca A. Senior
- Princeton School of Public and International AffairsPrinceton UniversityPrincetonNew JerseyUSA
| | | | - Piotr Sewerniak
- Department of Soil Science and Landscape ManagementFaculty of Earth Sciences and Spatial ManagementNicolaus Copernicus UniversityToruńPoland
| | - Ankit Shekhar
- Department of Environmental Systems ScienceETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | | | | | - Laura Siegwart Collier
- Dept of BiologyMemorial UniversitySt. John'sNewfoundlandCanada
- Terra Nova National ParkParks Canada AgencyGlovertownNewfoundlandCanada
| | - Elizabeth Simpson
- Department of Biology and Ecology CenterUtah State UniversityLoganUtahUSA
| | - David P. Siqueira
- Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy RibeiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Zuzana Sitková
- National Forest CentreForest Research Institute ZvolenZvolenSlovakia
| | - Johan Six
- Department of Environmental Systems ScienceETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Marko Smiljanic
- Institute of Botany and Landscape EcologyUniversity GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
| | - Stuart W. Smith
- Department of BiologyNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway
- Department of Physical GeographyStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | - Sarah Smith‐Tripp
- Department of GeographyUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Ben Somers
- Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesLeuvenBelgium
| | - Mia Vedel Sørensen
- Department of BiologyNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway
| | | | - Bartolomeu Israel Souza
- Departamento de Geociências. Cidade UniversitáriaUniversidade Federal da ParaíbaJoão Pessoa ‐ PBBrasil
| | - Arildo Souza Dias
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, PDBFFInstituto Nacional de Pesquisas da AmazôniaManausBrazil
- Department of Physical GeographyGoethe‐Universität FrankfurtFrankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Marko J. Spasojevic
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal BiologyUniversity of California RiversideRiversideCaliforniaUSA
| | - James D. M. Speed
- Department of Natural HistoryNTNU University MuseumNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway
| | - Fabien Spicher
- UMR 7058 CNRS ‘Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés’ (EDYSAN)Univ. de Picardie Jules VerneAmiensFrance
| | - Angela Stanisci
- EnvixLabDipartimento di Bioscienze e TerritorioUniversità degli Studi del MoliseTermoliItaly
| | - Klaus Steinbauer
- GLORIA CoordinationInstitute for Interdisciplinary Mountain ResearchAustrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW) & Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity ResearchUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Rainer Steinbrecher
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK)Department of Atmospheric Environmental Research (IFU)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Garmisch‐PartenkirchenGermany
| | | | - Michael Stemkovski
- Department of Biology and Ecology CenterUtah State UniversityLoganUtahUSA
| | - Jörg G. Stephan
- Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesSLU Swedish Species Information CentreUppsalaSweden
| | | | - Stefan Stoll
- University of Applied Sciences TrierEnvironmental Campus BirkenfeldBirkenfeldGermany
- Faculty for BiologyUniversity Duisburg‐EssenEssenGermany
| | - Martin Svátek
- Department of Forest Botany, Dendrology and GeobiocoenologyFaculty of Forestry and Wood TechnologyMendel University in BrnoBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Miroslav Svoboda
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood SciencesCzech University of Life Sciences PraguePrague 6 ‐ SuchdolCzech Republic
| | - Torbern Tagesson
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem ScienceLund UniversityLundSweden
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource ManagementUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Andrew J. Tanentzap
- Ecosystems and Global Change GroupDepartment of Plant SciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Franziska Tanneberger
- Experimental Plant EcologyInstitute of Botany and Landscape EcologyUniversity of Greifswald, partner in the Greifswald Mire CentreGreifswaldGermany
| | - Jean‐Paul Theurillat
- Foundation J.‐M. AubertChampex‐LacSwitzerland
- Département de Botanique et Biologie végétaleUniversité de GenèveChambésySwitzerland
| | | | - Andrew D. Thomas
- Department of Geography and Earth SciencesAberystwyth UniversityWalesUK
| | - Katja Tielbörger
- Plant Ecology GroupDepartment of Evolution and EcologyUniversity of TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Marcello Tomaselli
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental SustainabilityUniversity of ParmaParmaItaly
| | - Urs Albert Treier
- Center for Sustainable Landscapes Under Global ChangeDepartment of BiologyAarhus UniversityAarhus CDenmark
- Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing WorldDepartment of BiologyAarhus UniversityAarhus CDenmark
| | - Mario Trouillier
- Institute of Botany and Landscape EcologyUniversity GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
| | - Pavel Dan Turtureanu
- A. Borza Botanic GardenBabeș‐Bolyai UniversityCluj‐NapocaRomania
- E. G. Racoviță InstituteBabeș‐Bolyai UniversityCluj‐NapocaRomania
- Center for Systematic Biology, Biodiversity and Bioresources ‐ 3BBabeș‐Bolyai UniversityCluj‐NapocaRomania
| | - Rosamond Tutton
- Northern Environmental Geoscience LaboratoryDepartment of Geography and PlanningQueen's UniversityKingstonOntarioCanada
| | - Vilna A. Tyystjärvi
- Department of Geosciences and GeographyUniversity of HelsinkiFinland
- Finnish Meteorological InstHelsinkiFinland
| | - Masahito Ueyama
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental SciencesOsaka Prefecture UniversityJapan
| | - Karol Ujházy
- Faculty of ForestryTechnical University in ZvolenZvolenSlovakia
| | - Mariana Ujházyová
- Faculty of Ecology and Environmental SciencesTechnical University in ZvolenZvolenSlovakia
| | | | - Anastasiya V. Urban
- Department of Forest Botany, Dendrology and GeobiocoenologyFaculty of Forestry and Wood TechnologyMendel University in BrnoBrnoCzech Republic
- V.N. Sukachev Institute of Forest SB RASKrasnoyarskRussia
| | - Josef Urban
- Siberian Federal UniversityKrasnoyarskRussia
- Department of Forest Botany, Dendrology and GeobiocoenologyFaculty of Forestry and Wood TechnologyMendel University in BrnoBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Marek Urbaniak
- Laboratory of MeteorologyDepartment of Construction and GeoengineeringFaculty of Environmental Engineering and Mechanical EngineeringPoznan University of Life SciencesPoznanPoland
| | - Tudor‐Mihai Ursu
- Institute of Biological Research Cluj‐NapocaNational Institute of Research and Development for Biological SciencesBucharestRomania
| | | | - Stijn Van de Vondel
- The Ecosystem Management Research Group (ECOBE)University of AntwerpWilrijk (Antwerpen)Belgium
| | - Liesbeth van den Brink
- Plant Ecology GroupDepartment of Evolution and EcologyUniversity of TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Maarten Van Geel
- Plant Conservation and Population BiologyDepartment of BiologyKU LeuvenHeverleeBelgium
| | - Vigdis Vandvik
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bjerknes Centre for Climate ResearchUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
| | - Pieter Vangansbeke
- Forest & Nature LabDepartment of EnvironmentGhent UniversityMelle‐GontrodeBelgium
| | - Andrej Varlagin
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and EvolutionRussian Academy of SciencesMoscowRussia
| | - G. F. Veen
- Netherlands Institute of EcologyWageningenthe Netherlands
| | - Elmar Veenendaal
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation GroupWageningen UniversityWageningenthe Netherlands
| | - Susanna E. Venn
- Centre for Integrative EcologySchool of Life and Environmental SciencesDeakin UniversityBurwoodVictoriaAustralia
| | - Hans Verbeeck
- CAVElab ‐ Computational and Applied Vegetation EcologyDepartment of EnvironmentGhent UniversityGentBelgium
| | - Erik Verbrugggen
- Research Group PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems)University of AntwerpWilrijkBelgium
| | - Frank G. A. Verheijen
- Earth Surface Processes TeamCentre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM)Department of Environment and PlanningUniversity of AveiroAveiroPortugal
| | - Luis Villar
- Instituto Pirenaico de EcologíaIPE‐CSIC. Av. Llano de la VictoriaJaca (Huesca)Spain
| | - Luca Vitale
- CNR ‐ Institute for Agricultural and Forestry Systems in the MediterraneanPorticiItaly
| | - Pascal Vittoz
- Institute of Earth Surface DynamicsFaculty of Geosciences and EnvironmentUniversity of LausanneGéopolisSwitzerland
| | | | - Jonathan von Oppen
- Center for Sustainable Landscapes Under Global ChangeDepartment of BiologyAarhus UniversityAarhus CDenmark
- Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing WorldDepartment of BiologyAarhus UniversityAarhus CDenmark
| | - Josefine Walz
- Climate Impacts Research CentreDepartment of Ecology and Environmental SciencesUmeå UniversityAbiskoSweden
| | - Runxi Wang
- School of Biological SciencesThe University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Yifeng Wang
- Northern Environmental Geoscience LaboratoryDepartment of Geography and PlanningQueen's UniversityKingstonOntarioCanada
| | - Robert G. Way
- Northern Environmental Geoscience LaboratoryDepartment of Geography and PlanningQueen's UniversityKingstonOntarioCanada
| | | | - Robert Weigel
- Plant EcologyAlbrecht‐von‐Haller‐Institute for Plant SciencesGeorg‐August University of GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Jan Wild
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of SciencesPrůhoniceCzech Republic
- Faculty of Environmental SciencesCzech University of Life Sciences PraguePrague 6 ‐ SuchdolCzech Republic
| | | | - Martin Wilmking
- Institute of Botany and Landscape EcologyUniversity GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
| | - Lisa Wingate
- INRAEBordeaux Sciences AgroUMR 1391 ISPAVillenave d'OrnonFrance
| | - Manuela Winkler
- GLORIA CoordinationInstitute for Interdisciplinary Mountain ResearchAustrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW) & Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity ResearchUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Sonja Wipf
- WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLFDavos DorfSwitzerland
- Swiss National ParkChastè Planta‐WildenbergZernezSwitzerland
| | - Georg Wohlfahrt
- Department of EcologyUniversity of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | | | - Yan Yang
- Institute of Mountain Hazards and EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesChengduP.R. China
| | - Zicheng Yu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security in Changbai MountainsSchool of Geographical SciencesNortheast Normal UniversityChangchunChina
- Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesLehigh UniversityBethlehemPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Kailiang Yu
- High Meadows Environmental InstitutePrinceton UniversityNew JerseyUSA
| | - Florian Zellweger
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSLBirmensdorfSwitzerland
| | - Jian Zhang
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research StationSchool of Ecological and Environmental SciencesEast China Normal UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Zhaochen Zhang
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research StationSchool of Ecological and Environmental SciencesEast China Normal UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Peng Zhao
- Department of Forest Ecology and ManagementSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUmeåSweden
| | - Klaudia Ziemblińska
- Laboratory of MeteorologyDepartment of Construction and GeoengineeringFaculty of Environmental Engineering and Mechanical EngineeringPoznan University of Life SciencesPoznanPoland
| | - Reiner Zimmermann
- Institute of BiologyDepartment of Molecular BotanyUniversity of HohenheimStuttgartGermany
- Ecological‐Botanical GardensUniversity of BayreuthBayreuthGermany
| | - Shengwei Zong
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security in Changbai MountainsMinistry of EducationSchool of Geographical SciencesNortheast Normal UniversityChangchunChina
| | | | - Ivan Nijs
- Research Group PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems)University of AntwerpWilrijkBelgium
| | - Jonathan Lenoir
- UMR 7058 CNRS ‘Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés’ (EDYSAN)Univ. de Picardie Jules VerneAmiensFrance
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3
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Pellissier V, Schmucki R, Pe'er G, Aunins A, Brereton TM, Brotons L, Carnicer J, Chodkiewicz T, Chylarecki P, Del Moral JC, Escandell V, Evans D, Foppen R, Harpke A, Heliölä J, Herrando S, Kuussaari M, Kühn E, Lehikoinen A, Lindström Å, Moshøj CM, Musche M, Noble D, Oliver TH, Reif J, Richard D, Roy DB, Schweiger O, Settele J, Stefanescu C, Teufelbauer N, Touroult J, Trautmann S, van Strien AJ, van Swaay CAM, van Turnhout C, Vermouzek Z, Voříšek P, Jiguet F, Julliard R. Effects of Natura 2000 on nontarget bird and butterfly species based on citizen science data. Conserv Biol 2020; 34:666-676. [PMID: 31701577 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The European Union's Natura 2000 (N2000) is among the largest international networks of protected areas. One of its aims is to secure the status of a predetermined set of (targeted) bird and butterfly species. However, nontarget species may also benefit from N2000. We evaluated how the terrestrial component of this network affects the abundance of nontargeted, more common bird and butterfly species based on data from long-term volunteer-based monitoring programs in 9602 sites for birds and 2001 sites for butterflies. In almost half of the 155 bird species assessed, and particularly among woodland specialists, abundance increased (slope estimates ranged from 0.101 [SD 0.042] to 3.51 [SD 1.30]) as the proportion of landscape covered by N2000 sites increased. This positive relationship existed for 27 of the 104 butterfly species (estimates ranged from 0.382 [SD 0.163] to 4.28 [SD 0.768]), although most butterflies were generalists. For most species, when land-cover covariates were accounted for these positive relationships were not evident, meaning land cover may be a determinant of positive effects of the N2000 network. The increase in abundance as N2000 coverage increased correlated with the specialization index for birds, but not for butterflies. Although the N2000 network supports high abundance of a large spectrum of species, the low number of specialist butterflies with a positive association with the N2000 network shows the need to improve the habitat quality of N2000 sites that could harbor open-land butterfly specialists. For a better understanding of the processes involved, we advocate for standardized collection of data at N2000 sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Pellissier
- Sorbonne Université, MNHN-CNRS-UPMC, UMR7204-CESCO, 43 rue Buffon, CP 135, Paris, 75005, France
- Section for Ecoinformatics & Biodiversity, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, DK 8000, Denmark
| | - R Schmucki
- Sorbonne Université, MNHN-CNRS-UPMC, UMR7204-CESCO, 43 rue Buffon, CP 135, Paris, 75005, France
- Centre de Synthèse et d'Analyse sur la Biodiversité, Immeuble Henri Poincaré, Domaine du Petit Arbois, Avenue Louis Philibert, Aix-en-Provence, 13857, France
- NERC Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, OX10 8EF, U.K
| | - G Pe'er
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
- Department Economics and Department Ecosystem Services, UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstr. 15, Leipzig, 04318, Germany
| | - A Aunins
- Faculty of Biology, University of Latvia, Jelgavas iela 1, Riga, LV-1004, Latvia
- Latvian Ornithological Society, Skolas iela 3, Riga, LV-1010, Latvia
| | - T M Brereton
- Butterfly Conservation, Manor Yard, East Lulworth, Wareham, Dorset, BH20 5QP, U.K
| | - L Brotons
- CSIC-CREAF, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
- Catalan Ornithological Institute, Natural History Museum of Barcelona, Plaça Leonardo da Vinci 4-5, Barcelona, Catalonia, 08019, Spain
- InForest JRU (CEMFOR-CTFC), Solsona, Catalonia, 25280, Spain
| | - J Carnicer
- CSIC-CREAF, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology, and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Catalonia, 08028, Spain
| | - T Chodkiewicz
- Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wilcza 64, Warszawa, 00-679, Poland
- Polish Society for the Protection of Birds (OTOP), ul. Odrowaza 24, Marki, 05-270, Poland
| | - P Chylarecki
- Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wilcza 64, Warszawa, 00-679, Poland
| | - J C Del Moral
- Sociedad Española de Ornitología (SEO/BirdLife), Melquíades Biencinto 34 ES-28053, Madrid, Spain
| | - V Escandell
- Sociedad Española de Ornitología (SEO/BirdLife), Melquíades Biencinto 34 ES-28053, Madrid, Spain
| | - D Evans
- European Topic Centre on Biological Diversity, 57 rue Cuvier, Paris, 75005, France
| | - R Foppen
- Sovon Dutch Centre for Field Ornithology, PO Box 6521, Nijmegen, 6503 GA, The Netherlands
| | - A Harpke
- Department of Community Ecology, UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Theodor-Lieser-Strasse 4, Halle/Saale, 06120, Germany
| | - J Heliölä
- Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE), Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 140, Helsinki, FI-00251, Finland
| | - S Herrando
- Catalan Ornithological Institute, Natural History Museum of Barcelona, Plaça Leonardo da Vinci 4-5, Barcelona, Catalonia, 08019, Spain
- InForest JRU (CEMFOR-CTFC), Solsona, Catalonia, 25280, Spain
| | - M Kuussaari
- Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE), Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 140, Helsinki, FI-00251, Finland
| | - E Kühn
- Department of Community Ecology, UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Theodor-Lieser-Strasse 4, Halle/Saale, 06120, Germany
| | - A Lehikoinen
- Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 17, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Å Lindström
- Department of Biology, Biodiversity Unit, Lund University, Ecology Building, Lund, SE-223 62, Sweden
| | - C M Moshøj
- DOF-BirdLife Denmark, Vesterbrogade 140, Copenhagen V, DK-1620, Denmark
| | - M Musche
- Department of Community Ecology, UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Theodor-Lieser-Strasse 4, Halle/Saale, 06120, Germany
| | - D Noble
- BTO, The Nunnery, Thetford, Norfolk, IP24 2PU, U.K
| | - T H Oliver
- School of Biological Sciences, Harborne Building, Whiteknights Campus, University of Reading, Berkshire, RG6 6AS, U.K
| | - J Reif
- Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Zoology and Laboratory of Ornithology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, 17. listopadu 50, Olomouc, 771 43, Czech Republic
| | - D Richard
- European Topic Centre on Biological Diversity, 57 rue Cuvier, Paris, 75005, France
| | - D B Roy
- NERC Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, OX10 8EF, U.K
| | - O Schweiger
- Department of Community Ecology, UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Theodor-Lieser-Strasse 4, Halle/Saale, 06120, Germany
| | - J Settele
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
- Department of Community Ecology, UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Theodor-Lieser-Strasse 4, Halle/Saale, 06120, Germany
| | - C Stefanescu
- CSIC-CREAF, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
- Museu de Ciències Naturals de Granollers, Francesc Macià 51, Granollers, Catalonia, 08402, Spain
| | - N Teufelbauer
- BirdLife Austria, Museumplatz 1/10/8, Wien, A-1070, Austria
| | - J Touroult
- UMS 2006 PatriNat AFB, CNRS, MNHN; CP41, 36 rue Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, Paris, 75005, France
| | - S Trautmann
- DDA, An den Speichern 6, Münster, 48157, Germany
| | | | - C A M van Swaay
- Dutch Butterfly Conservation and Butterfly Conservation Europe, P.O. Box 506 NL 6700 AM, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - C van Turnhout
- Sovon Dutch Centre for Field Ornithology, PO Box 6521, Nijmegen, 6503 GA, The Netherlands
- Department of Animal Ecology & Ecophysiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, P.O. Box 9010, Nijmegen, 6500 GL, The Netherlands
| | - Z Vermouzek
- Czech Society for Ornithology, Na Bělidle 252/34, Prague, CZ-150 00, Czech Republic
| | - P Voříšek
- Department of Zoology and Laboratory of Ornithology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, 17. listopadu 50, Olomouc, 771 43, Czech Republic
- Czech Society for Ornithology, Na Bělidle 252/34, Prague, CZ-150 00, Czech Republic
| | - F Jiguet
- Sorbonne Université, MNHN-CNRS-UPMC, UMR7204-CESCO, 43 rue Buffon, CP 135, Paris, 75005, France
| | - R Julliard
- Sorbonne Université, MNHN-CNRS-UPMC, UMR7204-CESCO, 43 rue Buffon, CP 135, Paris, 75005, France
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4
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Penuelas J, Fernández-Martínez M, Vallicrosa H, Maspons J, Zuccarini P, Carnicer J, Sanders TGM, Krüger I, Obersteiner M, Janssens IA, Ciais P, Sardans J. Increasing atmospheric CO 2 concentrations correlate with declining nutritional status of European forests. Commun Biol 2020; 3:125. [PMID: 32170162 PMCID: PMC7070084 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-0839-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The drivers of global change, including increases in atmospheric CO2 concentrations, N and S deposition, and climate change, likely affect the nutritional status of forests. Here we show forest foliar concentrations of N, P, K, S and Mg decreased significantly in Europe by 5%, 11%, 8%, 6% and 7%, respectively during the last three decades. The decrease in nutritional status was especially large in Mediterranean and temperate forests. Increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration was well correlated with the decreases in N, P, K, Mg, S concentrations and the increase of N:P ratio. Regional analyses indicated that increases in some foliar nutrient concentrations such as N, S and Ca in northern Europe occurred associated with increasingly favourable conditions of mean annual precipitation and temperature. Crucial changes in forest health, structure, functioning and services, including negative feedbacks on C capture can be expected if these trends are not reversed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep Penuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, 08913, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain. .,CREAF, 08913, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Marcos Fernández-Martínez
- Research group PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Helena Vallicrosa
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, 08913, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain.,CREAF, 08913, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Joan Maspons
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, 08913, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain.,CREAF, 08913, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Paolo Zuccarini
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, 08913, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain.,CREAF, 08913, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jofre Carnicer
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, 08913, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain.,CREAF, 08913, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Tanja G M Sanders
- Thünen Institute of Forest Ecosystems, Alfred-Möller-Straße 1, Haus 41/42, Eberswalde, 16225, Germany
| | - Inken Krüger
- Thünen Institute of Forest Ecosystems, Alfred-Möller-Straße 1, Haus 41/42, Eberswalde, 16225, Germany
| | - Michael Obersteiner
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Ecosystems Services and Management, Schlossplatz 1, A-2361, Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Ivan A Janssens
- Research group PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, IPSL, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Jordi Sardans
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, 08913, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain.,CREAF, 08913, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
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5
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Carnicer J, Domingo-Marimon C, Ninyerola M, Camarero JJ, Bastos A, López-Parages J, Blanquer L, Rodríguez-Fonseca B, Lenton TM, Dakos V, Ribas M, Gutiérrez E, Peñuelas J, Pons X. Regime shifts of Mediterranean forest carbon uptake and reduced resilience driven by multidecadal ocean surface temperatures. Glob Chang Biol 2019; 25:2825-2840. [PMID: 31012512 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms translating global circulation changes into rapid abrupt shifts in forest carbon capture in semi-arid biomes remain poorly understood. Here, we report unprecedented multidecadal shifts in forest carbon uptake in semi-arid Mediterranean pine forests in Spain over 1950-2012. The averaged carbon sink reduction varies between 31% and 37%, and reaches values in the range of 50% in the most affected forest stands. Regime shifts in forest carbon uptake are associated with climatic early warning signals, decreased forest regional synchrony and reduced long-term carbon sink resilience. We identify the mechanisms linked to ocean multidecadal variability that shape regime shifts in carbon capture. First, we show that low-frequency variations of the surface temperature of the Atlantic Ocean induce shifts in the non-stationary effects of El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on regional forest carbon capture. Modelling evidence supports that the non-stationary effects of ENSO can be propagated from tropical areas to semi-arid Mediterranean biomes through atmospheric wave trains. Second, decadal changes in the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) significantly alter sea-air heat exchanges, modifying in turn ocean vapour transport over land and land surface temperatures, and promoting sustained drought conditions in spring and summer that reduce forest carbon uptake. Third, we show that lagged effects of AMO on the winter North Atlantic Oscillation also contribute to the maintenance of long-term droughts. Finally, we show that the reported strong, negative effects of ocean surface temperature (AMO) on forest carbon uptake in the last decades are unprecedented over the last 150 years. Our results provide new, unreported explanations for carbon uptake shifts in these drought-prone forests and review the expected impacts of global warming on the profiled mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jofre Carnicer
- BEECA, Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CREAF, Barcelona, Spain
- GELIFES, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Cristina Domingo-Marimon
- CREAF, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Geography, Grumets Research Group, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Miquel Ninyerola
- Department of Animal Biology, Plant Biology and Ecology, Grumets Research Group, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | | | - Ana Bastos
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Department of Geography, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munchen, München, Germany
| | | | - Laura Blanquer
- BEECA, Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CREAF, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Timothy M Lenton
- Earth System Science group, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Vasilis Dakos
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution, UMR 5554, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier Cedex, France
| | - Montserrat Ribas
- BEECA, Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emilia Gutiérrez
- BEECA, Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CREAF, Barcelona, Spain
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit, CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Pons
- Department of Geography, Grumets Research Group, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
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6
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Carnicer J, Stefanescu C, Vives-Ingla M, López C, Cortizas S, Wheat C, Vila R, Llusià J, Peñuelas J. Phenotypic biomarkers of climatic impacts on declining insect populations: A key role for decadal drought, thermal buffering and amplification effects and host plant dynamics. J Anim Ecol 2019; 88:376-391. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jofre Carnicer
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences; University of Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
- CREAF; E08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès); Catalonia Spain
| | - Constantí Stefanescu
- CREAF; E08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès); Catalonia Spain
- Natural History Museum of Granollers; Granollers Spain
| | - Maria Vives-Ingla
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences; University of Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - Carlos López
- CREAF; E08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès); Catalonia Spain
| | - Sofia Cortizas
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences; University of Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - Christopher Wheat
- Department of Zoology (Population Genetics); University of Stockholm; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Roger Vila
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-UPF); Barcelona Spain
| | - Joan Llusià
- CREAF; E08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès); Catalonia Spain
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CREAF; E08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès); Catalonia Spain
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7
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Fernández‐Martínez M, Vicca S, Janssens IA, Carnicer J, Martín‐Vide J, Peñuelas J. The consecutive disparity index,
D
: a measure of temporal variability in ecological studies. Ecosphere 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Fernández‐Martínez
- Centre of Excellence PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems) Department of Biology University of Antwerp 2610 Wilrijk Belgium
| | - Sara Vicca
- Centre of Excellence PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems) Department of Biology University of Antwerp 2610 Wilrijk Belgium
| | - Ivan A. Janssens
- Centre of Excellence PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems) Department of Biology University of Antwerp 2610 Wilrijk Belgium
| | - Jofre Carnicer
- CSIC Global Ecology Unit CREAF‐CSIC‐UAB Cerdanyola del Vallés 08193 Catalonia Spain
- CREAF Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193 Catalonia Spain
- Department of Ecology University of Barcelona Avinguda Diagonal 643 08028 Barcelona Spain
- eGELIFES Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences University of Groningen P.O. Box 11103 9700 CC Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Javier Martín‐Vide
- Group of Climatology University of Barcelona Montalegre 6 Barcelona 08001 Spain
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC Global Ecology Unit CREAF‐CSIC‐UAB Cerdanyola del Vallés 08193 Catalonia Spain
- CREAF Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193 Catalonia Spain
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8
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Schmucki R, Pe'er G, Roy DB, Stefanescu C, Van Swaay CA, Oliver TH, Kuussaari M, Van Strien AJ, Ries L, Settele J, Musche M, Carnicer J, Schweiger O, Brereton TM, Harpke A, Heliölä J, Kühn E, Julliard R. A regionally informed abundance index for supporting integrative analyses across butterfly monitoring schemes. J Appl Ecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Reto Schmucki
- MNHN‐CNRS‐UPMC UMR7204‐CESCO Sorbonne Universités 43 rue Buffon CP 135 75005 Paris France
- Centre de Synthése et d'Analyse sur la Biodiversité Immeuble Henri Poincaré, Domaine du Petit Arbois Avenue Louis Philibert 13857 Aix‐en‐Provence France
| | - Guy Pe'er
- Department of Conservation Biology UFZ ‐ Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research Permoserstr. 15 04318 Leipzig Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Deutscher Platz 5e 04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - David B. Roy
- NERC Centre for Ecology & Hydrology Wallingford Oxfordshire OX10 8EF UK
| | - Constantí Stefanescu
- CREAF Cerdanyola del Valles Catalonia 08193 Spain
- Butterfly Monitoring Scheme ‐ Museu de Ciencies Naturals de Granollers Granollers Catalonia 08402 Spain
| | - Chris A.M. Van Swaay
- Dutch Butterfly Conservation and Butterfly Conservation Europe PO Box 506 NL‐6700 AM Wageningen Netherlands
| | - Tom H. Oliver
- NERC Centre for Ecology & Hydrology Wallingford Oxfordshire OX10 8EF UK
- School of Biological Sciences University of Reading, Whiteknights Reading Berkshire RG6 6AS UK
| | - Mikko Kuussaari
- Natural Environment Centre Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE) PO Box 140 FI‐00251 Helsinki Finland
| | | | - Leslie Ries
- Department of Biology University of Maryland College Park MD 20740 USA
- National Socio‐Environmental Synthesis Centre 1 Park Place, Suite 300 Annapolis MD 21401 USA
| | - Josef Settele
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Deutscher Platz 5e 04103 Leipzig Germany
- Department of Community Ecology UFZ ‐ Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research Theodor‐Lieser Str. 4 06120 Halle Germany
| | - Martin Musche
- Department of Community Ecology UFZ ‐ Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research Theodor‐Lieser Str. 4 06120 Halle Germany
| | - Jofre Carnicer
- CREAF Cerdanyola del Valles Catalonia 08193 Spain
- Community and Conservation Ecology Group Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Science Nijenborgh 7 9747 AG Groningen Netherlands
| | - Oliver Schweiger
- Department of Community Ecology UFZ ‐ Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research Theodor‐Lieser Str. 4 06120 Halle Germany
| | - Tom M. Brereton
- Butterfly Conservation Manor Yard, East Lulworth Wareham Dorset BH20 5QP UK
| | - Alexander Harpke
- Department of Community Ecology UFZ ‐ Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research Theodor‐Lieser Str. 4 06120 Halle Germany
| | - Janne Heliölä
- Natural Environment Centre Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE) PO Box 140 FI‐00251 Helsinki Finland
| | - Elisabeth Kühn
- Department of Community Ecology UFZ ‐ Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research Theodor‐Lieser Str. 4 06120 Halle Germany
| | - Romain Julliard
- MNHN‐CNRS‐UPMC UMR7204‐CESCO Sorbonne Universités 43 rue Buffon CP 135 75005 Paris France
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Sardans J, Alonso R, Janssens IA, Carnicer J, Vereseglou S, Rillig MC, Fernández‐Martínez M, Sanders TGM, Peñuelas J. Foliar and soil concentrations and stoichiometry of nitrogen and phosphorous across
E
uropean
P
inus sylvestris
forests: relationships with climate,
N
deposition and tree growth. Funct Ecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Sardans
- CSIC Unitat d'Ecologia Global CREAF‐CEAB‐CSIC‐UAB Edifici C Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Cerdanyola del Vallès Catalonia 08193 Barcelona Spain
- CREAF Cerdanyola del Vallès Catalonia 08193 Barcelona Spain
| | - Rocio Alonso
- Ecotoxicology of Air Pollution CIEMAT Avda. Complutense 22 (edif. 70) Madrid 28040 Spain
| | - Ivan A. Janssens
- UA University of Antwerpen Universiteitsplein 1 2610 Wilrjk Belgium
| | - Jofre Carnicer
- CSIC Unitat d'Ecologia Global CREAF‐CEAB‐CSIC‐UAB Edifici C Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Cerdanyola del Vallès Catalonia 08193 Barcelona Spain
- CREAF Cerdanyola del Vallès Catalonia 08193 Barcelona Spain
- Community and Conservation Ecology Group Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies Nijenborg 7 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Stavros Vereseglou
- Institut für Biologie Freie Universität Berlin Altensteinstr. 6 D‐14195 Berlin Germany
- Berlin‐Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB) D‐14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Matthias C. Rillig
- Institut für Biologie Freie Universität Berlin Altensteinstr. 6 D‐14195 Berlin Germany
- Berlin‐Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB) D‐14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Marcos Fernández‐Martínez
- CSIC Unitat d'Ecologia Global CREAF‐CEAB‐CSIC‐UAB Edifici C Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Cerdanyola del Vallès Catalonia 08193 Barcelona Spain
- CREAF Cerdanyola del Vallès Catalonia 08193 Barcelona Spain
| | - Tanja G. M. Sanders
- Thünen‐Institute of Forest Ecosystems Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries Alfred‐Moeller‐Str. 1 16225 Eberswalde Germany
- Institute for Botany and Landscape Ecology University Greifswald Grimmer Str. 88 17487 Greifswald Germany
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC Unitat d'Ecologia Global CREAF‐CEAB‐CSIC‐UAB Edifici C Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Cerdanyola del Vallès Catalonia 08193 Barcelona Spain
- CREAF Cerdanyola del Vallès Catalonia 08193 Barcelona Spain
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10
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Carnicer J, Sardans J, Stefanescu C, Ubach A, Bartrons M, Asensio D, Peñuelas J. Global biodiversity, stoichiometry and ecosystem function responses to human-induced C-N-P imbalances. J Plant Physiol 2015; 172:82-91. [PMID: 25270104 PMCID: PMC6485510 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2014.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Global change analyses usually consider biodiversity as a global asset that needs to be preserved. Biodiversity is frequently analysed mainly as a response variable affected by diverse environmental drivers. However, recent studies highlight that gradients of biodiversity are associated with gradual changes in the distribution of key dominant functional groups characterized by distinctive traits and stoichiometry, which in turn often define the rates of ecosystem processes and nutrient cycling. Moreover, pervasive links have been reported between biodiversity, food web structure, ecosystem function and species stoichiometry. Here we review current global stoichiometric gradients and how future distributional shifts in key functional groups may in turn influence basic ecosystem functions (production, nutrient cycling, decomposition) and therefore could exert a feedback effect on stoichiometric gradients. The C-N-P stoichiometry of most primary producers (phytoplankton, algae, plants) has been linked to functional trait continua (i.e. to major axes of phenotypic variation observed in inter-specific analyses of multiple traits). In contrast, the C-N-P stoichiometry of higher-level consumers remains less precisely quantified in many taxonomic groups. We show that significant links are observed between trait continua across trophic levels. In spite of recent advances, the future reciprocal feedbacks between key functional groups, biodiversity and ecosystem functions remain largely uncertain. The reported evidence, however, highlights the key role of stoichiometric traits and suggests the need of a progressive shift towards an ecosystemic and stoichiometric perspective in global biodiversity analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jofre Carnicer
- Community and Conservation Ecology Group, Centre for Life Sciences, University of Groningen, The Netherlands.; CSIC, Global Ecology Unit, Cerdanyola del Valles, Barcelona, Catalonia 08193, Spain; Department of Ecology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia 08028, Spain..
| | - Jordi Sardans
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Catalonia 08193, Spain.; CSIC, Global Ecology Unit, Cerdanyola del Valles, Barcelona, Catalonia 08193, Spain
| | - Constantí Stefanescu
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Catalonia 08193, Spain.; CSIC, Global Ecology Unit, Cerdanyola del Valles, Barcelona, Catalonia 08193, Spain; Museu de Ciències Naturals de Granollers, Granollers, Catalonia 08402, Spain
| | - Andreu Ubach
- Department of Ecology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia 08028, Spain
| | - Mireia Bartrons
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Catalonia 08193, Spain.; CSIC, Global Ecology Unit, Cerdanyola del Valles, Barcelona, Catalonia 08193, Spain
| | - Dolores Asensio
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Catalonia 08193, Spain.; CSIC, Global Ecology Unit, Cerdanyola del Valles, Barcelona, Catalonia 08193, Spain
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Catalonia 08193, Spain.; CSIC, Global Ecology Unit, Cerdanyola del Valles, Barcelona, Catalonia 08193, Spain
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11
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Carnicer J, Barbeta A, Sperlich D, Coll M, Peñuelas J. Contrasting trait syndromes in angiosperms and conifers are associated with different responses of tree growth to temperature on a large scale. Front Plant Sci 2013; 4:409. [PMID: 24146668 PMCID: PMC3797994 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Recent large-scale studies of tree growth in the Iberian Peninsula reported contrasting positive and negative effects of temperature in Mediterranean angiosperms and conifers. Here we review the different hypotheses that may explain these trends and propose that the observed contrasting responses of tree growth to temperature in this region could be associated with a continuum of trait differences between angiosperms and conifers. Angiosperm and conifer trees differ in the effects of phenology in their productivity, in their growth allometry, and in their sensitivity to competition. Moreover, angiosperms and conifers significantly differ in hydraulic safety margins, sensitivity of stomatal conductance to vapor-pressure deficit (VPD), xylem recovery capacity or the rate of carbon transfer. These differences could be explained by key features of the xylem such as non-structural carbohydrate content (NSC), wood parenchymal fraction or wood capacitance. We suggest that the reviewed trait differences define two contrasting ecophysiological strategies that may determine qualitatively different growth responses to increased temperature and drought. Improved reciprocal common garden experiments along altitudinal or latitudinal gradients would be key to quantify the relative importance of the different hypotheses reviewed. Finally, we show that warming impacts in this area occur in an ecological context characterized by the advance of forest succession and increased dominance of angiosperm trees over extensive areas. In this context, we examined the empirical relationships between the responses of tree growth to temperature and hydraulic safety margins in angiosperm and coniferous trees. Our findings suggest a future scenario in Mediterranean forests characterized by contrasting demographic responses in conifer and angiosperm trees to both temperature and forest succession, with increased dominance of angiosperm trees, and particularly negative impacts in pines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jofre Carnicer
- Community and Conservation Ecology Group, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies, University of GroningenGroningen, Netherlands
- CREAFBarcelona, Spain
- Global Ecology Unit, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, CREAF-CEAB-CSIC-UABBarcelona, Spain
| | - Adrià Barbeta
- CREAFBarcelona, Spain
- Global Ecology Unit, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, CREAF-CEAB-CSIC-UABBarcelona, Spain
| | - Dominik Sperlich
- CREAFBarcelona, Spain
- Global Ecology Unit, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, CREAF-CEAB-CSIC-UABBarcelona, Spain
- Department of Ecology, University of BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Coll
- CREAFBarcelona, Spain
- Global Ecology Unit, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, CREAF-CEAB-CSIC-UABBarcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CREAFBarcelona, Spain
- Global Ecology Unit, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, CREAF-CEAB-CSIC-UABBarcelona, Spain
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12
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Peñuelas J, Sardans J, Estiarte M, Ogaya R, Carnicer J, Coll M, Barbeta A, Rivas-Ubach A, Llusià J, Garbulsky M, Filella I, Jump AS. Evidence of current impact of climate change on life: a walk from genes to the biosphere. Glob Chang Biol 2013; 19:2303-38. [PMID: 23505157 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Revised: 12/31/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
We review the evidence of how organisms and populations are currently responding to climate change through phenotypic plasticity, genotypic evolution, changes in distribution and, in some cases, local extinction. Organisms alter their gene expression and metabolism to increase the concentrations of several antistress compounds and to change their physiology, phenology, growth and reproduction in response to climate change. Rapid adaptation and microevolution occur at the population level. Together with these phenotypic and genotypic adaptations, the movement of organisms and the turnover of populations can lead to migration toward habitats with better conditions unless hindered by barriers. Both migration and local extinction of populations have occurred. However, many unknowns for all these processes remain. The roles of phenotypic plasticity and genotypic evolution and their possible trade-offs and links with population structure warrant further research. The application of omic techniques to ecological studies will greatly favor this research. It remains poorly understood how climate change will result in asymmetrical responses of species and how it will interact with other increasing global impacts, such as N eutrophication, changes in environmental N : P ratios and species invasion, among many others. The biogeochemical and biophysical feedbacks on climate of all these changes in vegetation are also poorly understood. We here review the evidence of responses to climate change and discuss the perspectives for increasing our knowledge of the interactions between climate change and life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CEAB-CSIC-UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain.
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13
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Carnicer J, Brotons L, Stefanescu C, Peñuelas J. Biogeography of species richness gradients: linking adaptive traits, demography and diversification. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2011; 87:457-79. [PMID: 22129434 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-185x.2011.00210.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Here we review how adaptive traits contribute to the emergence and maintenance of species richness gradients through their influence on demographic and diversification processes. We start by reviewing how demographic dynamics change along species richness gradients. Empirical studies show that geographical clines in population parameters and measures of demographic variability are frequent along latitudinal and altitudinal gradients. Demographic variability often increases at the extremes of regional species richness gradients and contributes to shape these gradients. Available studies suggest that adaptive traits significantly influence demographic dynamics, and set the limits of species distributions. Traits related to thermal tolerance, resource use, phenology and dispersal seem to play a significant role. For many traits affecting demography and/or diversification processes, complex mechanistic approaches linking genotype, phenotype and fitness are becoming progressively available. In several taxa, species can be distributed along adaptive trait continuums, i.e. a main axis accounting for the bulk of inter-specific variation in some correlated adaptive traits. It is shown that adaptive trait continuums can provide useful mechanistic frameworks to explain demographic dynamics and diversification in species richness gradients. Finally, we review the existence of sequences of adaptive traits in phylogenies, the interactions of adaptive traits and community context, the clinal variation of traits across geographical gradients, and the role of adaptive traits in determining the history of dispersal and diversification of clades. Overall, we show that the study of demographic and evolutionary mechanisms that shape species richness gradients clearly requires the explicit consideration of adaptive traits. To conclude, future research lines and trends in the field are briefly outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jofre Carnicer
- Community and Conservation Ecology Group, Centre for Life Sciences, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep Peñuelas
- Global Ecology Unit CSIC-CEAB-CREAF, CREAF, Edifici C, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jofre Carnicer
- Integrative Ecology Group, Estación Biológica de Douiana, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Isla de La Cartuja, Av. Americo Vespucio s/n Sevilla 41092, Spain.
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Carnicer J, Abrams PA, Jordano P. Switching behavior, coexistence and diversification: comparing empirical community-wide evidence with theoretical predictions. Ecol Lett 2008; 11:802-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2008.01195.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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17
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Carnicer J, Díaz-Delgado R. Geographic differences between functional groups in patterns of bird species richness in North America. Acta Oecologica 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2007.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE During the past decade, it has been shown that the association between Down's syndrome and coeliac disease is relatively frequent Prevalence rates of coeliac disease in patients with Down's syndrome reported by different authors are significantly higher than those found in the general population. The main purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of coeliac disease in a series of subjects with Down's syndrome from our geographical area. DESIGN A cross-sectional study. SETTING Outpatient paediatric clinics of acute-care teaching hospitals in Barcelona, Spain. PARTICIPANTS A total of 284 persons with Down's syndrome aged between 1 and 25 years were included in the study. In all cases, serum concentrations of antigliadin antibodies (AGAs) (Pharmacia CAP system enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), antiendomysium antibodies (AEA) (indirect immunofluorescence) of immunoglobulin (Ig)A class or IgG class in cases of IgA deficiency were determined. Jejunal biopsy was offered to all patients with AEA positivity and to those with suggestive clinical manifestations of coeliac disease. In all patients, a clinical study was made to evaluate the presence and time-course of symptoms related to coeliac disease. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES AND RESULTS In 18 of the 284 subjects with Down's syndrome, aged between 2 and 15 years, coeliac disease was confirmed by jejunal biopsy. Accordingly, the minimum prevalence rate of coeliac disease was of 6.3%. Ninety-four percent (17/18) and 78% (14/18) of patients with the association Down's syndrome and coeliac disease showed AEA and AGA positivity, respectively. Fifteen patients with the association coeliac disease and Down's syndrome (15/18) showed clinical manifestations compatible with coeliac disease, with a predominance of intestinal symptoms (8/18) over those with atypical or extra-intestinal forms (7/18). Three patients had clinically silent forms of coeliac disease (3/ 18). CONCLUSIONS Measurement of serum concentrations of AEA should be added to the list of screening tests for coeliac disease in patients with Down's syndrome, otherwise definite association between both diseases may pass unnoticed and diagnosis of coeliac disease be considerably delayed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Carnicer
- Universitat International de Catalunya, Facultat Ciencias de la Salut, Sant Cugat del Vallés, Barcelona, Spain.
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Farré C, Humbert P, Vilar P, Varea V, Aldeguer X, Carnicer J, Carballo M, Gassull MA. Serological markers and HLA-DQ2 haplotype among first-degree relatives of celiac patients. Catalonian Coeliac Disease Study Group. Dig Dis Sci 1999; 44:2344-9. [PMID: 10573385 DOI: 10.1023/a:1026685527228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Serologic markers, HLA-DQ2 haplotype, and clinical features suggestive of celiac disease were studied to assess their diagnostic value in a multicentric study to detect celiac disease in 675 first-degree relatives of 227 celiac probands. Serum IgA-class anti-endomysium and IgA-class anti-gliadin antibodies were positive in 5.8% and 1.9% of relatives, respectively. HLA-DQ2 haplotype was present in 64% of relatives, and the overall rate of celiac disease diagnosed by intestinal biopsy was 5.5%. The frequency of HLA-DQ2 in the celiac patients and controls was 93% and 18%, respectively. The most frequent clinical features--diarrhea, anemia, food intolerance, and growth retardation--were not present in one third of the celiac disease relatives. We conclude that the assessment of IgA-class anti-endomysium antibodies alone seems a reasonable approach for screening celiac disease in relatives and cannot be replaced by an accurate clinical anamnesis. HLA-DQ2 haplotype may identify the population with a high genetic susceptibility to celiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Farré
- Department of Biochemistry, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
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20
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Farré C, Humbert P, Vilar P, Varea V, Aldeguer X, Carnicer J, Carballo M, Gassull MA. Serological markers and HLA-DQ2 haplotype among first-degree relatives of celiac patients. Catalonian Coeliac Disease Study Group. Dig Dis Sci 1999. [PMID: 10573385 DOI: 10.1023/a: 1026685527228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Serologic markers, HLA-DQ2 haplotype, and clinical features suggestive of celiac disease were studied to assess their diagnostic value in a multicentric study to detect celiac disease in 675 first-degree relatives of 227 celiac probands. Serum IgA-class anti-endomysium and IgA-class anti-gliadin antibodies were positive in 5.8% and 1.9% of relatives, respectively. HLA-DQ2 haplotype was present in 64% of relatives, and the overall rate of celiac disease diagnosed by intestinal biopsy was 5.5%. The frequency of HLA-DQ2 in the celiac patients and controls was 93% and 18%, respectively. The most frequent clinical features--diarrhea, anemia, food intolerance, and growth retardation--were not present in one third of the celiac disease relatives. We conclude that the assessment of IgA-class anti-endomysium antibodies alone seems a reasonable approach for screening celiac disease in relatives and cannot be replaced by an accurate clinical anamnesis. HLA-DQ2 haplotype may identify the population with a high genetic susceptibility to celiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Farré
- Department of Biochemistry, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
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21
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Carnicer J. [Helicobacter pylori infection and recurrent abdominal pain in children. A proved relationship?]. Gastroenterol Hepatol 1998; 21 Suppl 1:25-8. [PMID: 9549199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J Carnicer
- Servicio de Pediatría, Consorci Hospitalari Parc Taulí, Sabadell
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Affiliation(s)
- J Carnicer
- Department of Pediatrics, Consorci Hospitalari del Parc Tauli, Sabadell, Barcelona, Spain
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Bruguera M, Amat L, Garcia O, Lambruschini N, Carnicer J, Bergada A, Martin Orte E, Costa J, Sanchez-Tapias JM, Rodés J. Treatment of chronic hepatitis B in children with recombinant alfa interferon. Different response according to age at infection. J Clin Gastroenterol 1993; 17:296-9. [PMID: 8308214 DOI: 10.1097/00004836-199312000-00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the possibility of predictive factors of response to treatment with interferon in children with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. We analyzed the influence on the response rate of age, sex, mode of acquisition of infection, severity, and duration of disease in 16 children with chronic hepatitis B treated with 3 MU of recombinant alpha-interferon 2b three times a week for 6 months. Six months after the end of treatment, eight patients (50%) had cleared HBV DNA, seroconverted to anti-HBe and normalized serum transaminase values. Response was significantly higher in those whose serum transaminase levels were > 100 IU/liter before treatment (70%) and those infected after birth (72%) compared with those with lower serum transaminase levels (16%) and those infected at birth (7%). Our findings indicate that a 6 month course of low dose interferon (3 MU) is highly effective in children with horizontally transmitted chronic hepatitis B virus infection, but noneffective in children infected at birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bruguera
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
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Badía Barnusell J, Carnicer J, Artigas J, Melo M, Ramírez J, Durán C, Martín Santana J. [Intracranial hemorrhage secondary to late onset hemorrhagic disease in the newborn infant]. An Esp Pediatr 1985; 23:453-5. [PMID: 3911829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Carnicer J, Durán C, Martín J, Alsina M, Rojo J. [Diagnosis of hypertrophic stenosis of the pylorus by ultrasonography]. An Esp Pediatr 1984; 20:891-3. [PMID: 6385795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Ten infants with a clinical history of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis were examined sonographically. Upper gastrointestinal series were also performed on these patients. The authors comment on the findings, and the value of ultrasound examination in the diagnosis of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis.
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27
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Carnicer J, Martín J, Ballesta A, Amat L. [Neonatal intrahepatic cholestasis and alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (author's transl)]. An Esp Pediatr 1981; 14:189-194. [PMID: 6973942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A case of alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency in an 11 month-old Pi ZZ infant is reported. The patient exhibited intrahepatic cholestasis in the first months of life, with jaundice and hepatomegaly. Liver biopsy confirmed the diagnosis and showed the presence of hepatic fibrosis. Pi phenotypes, serum levels of alpha-1-antitrypsin, and symptoms in the family of the patient are reported. Clinical, biochemical and pathologic findings in liver disease in alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency are discussed.
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