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Leone LA, Vermont LN, Tutasi-Lozada A, Anderson L. Development of the Fit&Fab Exercise Intervention for Women With Obesity: A Community Advisory Board Informed Process. J Phys Act Health 2024; 21:624-631. [PMID: 38580302 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2023-0292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women with higher body mass index report low rates of and face unique barriers to exercise. Increasing exercise participation can improve mental and physical health independent of weight loss; however, most exercise programs targeting this population focus predominately on losing weight. This paper aims to describe the development of Fit&Fab, a community-based exercise intervention focused on increasing exercise participation and enjoyment for women with obesity. METHODS In partnership with the YMCA, we recruited women ages 35-64 years (body mass index ≥ 30) to participate in 4 focus groups to understand exercise preferences. Formative work was used to identify theory constructs and associated intervention components. Women from the focus groups were recruited for a community advisory board that finalized the intervention design, recruitment, and evaluation plan. RESULTS Focus groups participants (N = 29) preferred to exercise without men and wanted a cohort-style class that included women of similar exercise levels and body types, incorporated social support, fun activities, and broke exercise into smaller bouts. They wanted a supportive instructor who was fit but understood weight-related challenges. The community advisory board and research team used focus group findings to inform design of the final intervention including group exercise classes, psychosocial support sessions, personalized training, exercise tracking, outcome monitoring, and rewards. CONCLUSIONS Our findings emphasize the need to focus on exercise enjoyment and benefits other than losing weight to improve exercise participation among women with higher body mass index. In addition to having outcomes other than weight loss, exercise interventions with this population should also consider group composition, instructor, and class format.
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Walle R, Petitbon A, Fois GR, Varin C, Montalban E, Hardt L, Contini A, Angelo MF, Potier M, Ortole R, Oummadi A, De Smedt-Peyrusse V, Adan RA, Giros B, Chaouloff F, Ferreira G, de Kerchove d'Exaerde A, Ducrocq F, Georges F, Trifilieff P. Nucleus accumbens D1- and D2-expressing neurons control the balance between feeding and activity-mediated energy expenditure. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2543. [PMID: 38514654 PMCID: PMC10958053 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46874-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence points to dysregulations of the Nucleus Accumbens (NAc) in eating disorders (ED), however its precise contribution to ED symptomatic dimensions remains unclear. Using chemogenetic manipulations in male mice, we found that activity of dopamine D1 receptor-expressing neurons of the NAc core subregion facilitated effort for a food reward as well as voluntary exercise, but decreased food intake, while D2-expressing neurons have opposite effects. These effects are congruent with D2-neurons being more active than D1-neurons during feeding while it is the opposite during running. Chronic manipulations of each subpopulations had limited effects on energy balance. However, repeated activation of D1-neurons combined with inhibition of D2-neurons biased behavior toward activity-related energy expenditure, whilst the opposite manipulations favored energy intake. Strikingly, concomitant activation of D1-neurons and inhibition of D2-neurons precipitated weight loss in anorexia models. These results suggest that dysregulations of NAc dopaminoceptive neurons might be at the core of EDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Walle
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, 33000, Bordeaux, France.
| | - Anna Petitbon
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Giulia R Fois
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, IMN, UMR5293 F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Christophe Varin
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, ULB Neuroscience Institute, WELBIO, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Enrica Montalban
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Lola Hardt
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Andrea Contini
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Mylène Potier
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, 33000, Bordeaux, France
- Bordeaux Sciences Agro, F-, 33175, Gradignan, France
| | - Rodrigue Ortole
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Asma Oummadi
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Roger A Adan
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584CG, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Altrecht Eating Disorders Rintveld, Zeist, the Netherlands
| | - Bruno Giros
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Université de Paris Cité, INCC UMR 8002, CNRS; F-75006, Paris, France
| | - Francis Chaouloff
- Endocannabinoids and NeuroAdaptation, NeuroCentre INSERM U1215, 33077, Bordeaux, France
- Université de Bordeaux, 33077, Bordeaux, France
| | - Guillaume Ferreira
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Alban de Kerchove d'Exaerde
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, ULB Neuroscience Institute, WELBIO, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Fabien Ducrocq
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Pierre Trifilieff
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, 33000, Bordeaux, France.
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Oliveira GTA, Costa EC, Santos TM, Bezerra RA, Lemos TMAM, Mortatti AL, Elsangedy HM. Effect of High-Intensity Interval, Moderate-Intensity Continuous, and Self-Selected Intensity Training on Health and Affective Responses. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2024; 95:31-46. [PMID: 36638528 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2022.2141674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: To compare the effects of 12-week high-intensity interval (HIIT), moderate-intensity continuous (MICT), and self-selected intensity training (SSIT) on health outcomes and affective responses. Methods: Seventy-three overweight/obese inactive adults (62% woman; age, 31.4 ± 7.2 years; height, 1.66 ± 0.09 cm; Body mass index, 28.9 ± 2.7 kg.m-2) who were randomized into HIIT (n = 23), MICT (n = 24) and SSIT (n = 26) groups. The training was conducted three times per week in an outdoor environment, with 4 weeks under direct supervision and 8 weeks with semi-supervision. Cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition, and metabolic profile were evaluated at baseline and at the end of the 4th and 12th weeks. Core affect was measured during all training sessions. Results: Peak oxygen uptake improved in all groups after 4 and 12 weeks compared with baseline. Only the SSIT had reductions in body fat throughout the intervention. No improvements were observed in the metabolic profile across all groups. SSIT was perceived as more pleasurable than HIIT; however, there were no differences in affective responses between SSIT and MICT. Affective responses in-task (e.g. negative and positive peak, rate of change and affect at the end of the exercise session) predicted the HIIT and SSIT exercises attendance rate. Conclusion: Regardless of the exercise training protocol, overweight/obese inactive adults improved health outcomes, which suggests the prescribing HIIT, MICT, and SSIT in outdoor environments. SSIT should be considered in order to optimize the pleasure during training sessions. Affective response more positive in-task of the HIIT and SSIT is associated with greater attendance rate in these exercise protocols.
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Browning NG, Phipps DJ, Rhodes RE, Hamilton K. Testing the moderative role of automatic-reflective affect divergence in predicting physical activity. PSYCHOLOGY OF SPORT AND EXERCISE 2024; 71:102538. [PMID: 37778403 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2023.102538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Dual process theories postulate that behaviour is the product of two distinct cognitive systems, the automatic and reflective, and that congruence/divergence between the two types of cognitions can influence the predictive strength of either system on behaviour. However, the congruence/divergence hypothesis has yet to experience strong empirical support. The aim of this study was to test a novel dual process model to determine the moderating effect of affect divergence on the relationship between automatic affective evaluations-affective judgements, and physical activity. A sample of 315 university students recruited from an undergraduate research pool completed the Affective Misattribution Procedure and Affective Exercise Experiences Questionnaire, followed by a measure of physical activity behaviour one week later. A path analysis revealed a significant moderation effect such that the predictive strength of affective judgements was stronger when participants' automatic affective evaluations and affective judgements were congruent. Findings support current dual process theory and contributes to calls for more interventions, such as evaluative conditioning that target automatic processes alongside consciously held beliefs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas G Browning
- Griffith University, Mount Gravatt Campus, 176 Messines Ridge Rd, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | | | | | - Kyra Hamilton
- Griffith University, Mount Gravatt Campus, 176 Messines Ridge Rd, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Hawkins RM, Swann C, Jackman PC. Exploring How Active and Insufficiently Active Individuals Respond to Specific and Non-Specific Physical Activity Goals. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2024; 95:60-68. [PMID: 36693248 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2022.2147894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to extend understanding of goal setting in physical activity (PA) by exploring qualitatively active and insufficiently active individuals' experiences of pursuing specific and non-specific goals. Methods: Twelve active (Mage = 25.00 years) and nine insufficiently active (Mage = 24.33 years) adults were interviewed after participating in three 6-minute walking tests, during which they pursued specific and non-specific (open and DYB) goals and completed a no-goal control condition. Content analysis was used to examine each subgroup independently, before a between-group comparison to explore similarities and differences in experiences was undertaken. Results: Several strategies were employed to enhance trustworthiness. Our analysis was organised into seven categories: (1) perception of challenge; (2) perceived control; (3) performance satisfaction; (4) motivational intensity; (5) enjoyment; (6) self-efficacy; and (7) strategies for pursuing goals. Our findings suggest that active participants responded more positively to specific goals, with differences in the cognitions experienced before, during, and after the goal conditions. Conversely, insufficiently active participants responded more positively to non-specific goals, with differences in the cognitions experienced before, during, and after the goal conditions and more negatively to specific goals. Conclusion: Findings extend understanding of specific and non-specific goals in PA and underline the need to consider goal specificity in the prescription of PA for certain population groups most in need of intervention.
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Burberg T, Würth S, Amesberger G, Finkenzeller T. Affective associations towards running: fuzzy patterns of implicit-explicit interaction in young female runners and non-runners. Front Sports Act Living 2024; 6:1210546. [PMID: 38356793 PMCID: PMC10864672 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1210546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Empirical evidence demonstrates that high concordance and low discrepancy of implicit and explicit affective processes facilitate consistent exercise behavior. Novice runners often have difficulties implementing their running behavior on a regular basis resulting in irregular running behavior. To investigate the potential value of affective associations 89 young female runners (regular and irregular) and non-runners were recruited. Affective associations towards running were measured through a Single-Target Implicit Association Test on the implicit level and by self-report on the explicit level. Implicit-explicit interaction (IEI) scores (i.e., implicit-explicit concordance and discrepancy) were derived from principal component analysis. Fuzzy k-means cluster analysis was used to identify patterns of interacting implicit-explicit affective associations. The resulting clusters were assessed for differences in previous running experience, current running behavior, motivational and intentional aspects. Four meaningful overlapping clusters were found and labeled according to their prevalent IEI patterns (i.e., "positive non-discrepant", "positive discrepant", "negative discrepant", "negative non-discrepant"). Significant differences between clusters were found for past running experience, current running behavior, motivational and intentional aspects. The results indicate that running behavior varies between and within patterns of affective associations. In line with previous findings, positive non-discrepant implicit and explicit affective associations are linked to more consistent running behavior, while negative non-discrepant affect is associated with non-runners. However, the occurrence of discrepant implicit-explicit affective associations in young women differing in running behavior, motivation, and intention broadens the view of the complex relationship between affective processes and exercise behavior. In conclusion, individualized interventions that take into account the implicit-explicit interaction of affective associations besides well-known cognitive self-regulatory resources may prove more effective for individuals who struggle to run regularly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Burberg
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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Seiferth C, Fiedler J, Färber T, Pape M, Schroeder S, Herpertz S, Steins-Loeber S, Wolstein J. Bi-directional associations of core affect and physical activity in adults with higher body weight: An ecological momentary assessment study. J Health Psychol 2024:13591053241228202. [PMID: 38284358 DOI: 10.1177/13591053241228202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Affect is known to be predictive of and enhanced by higher physical activity (PA) levels in the general population. This secondary analysis aimed to increase the understanding of the bi-directional relationship between PA and core affect (i.e. valence, energetic arousal, and calmness) among adults with higher body weight. Affect and PA were assessed in naturalistic settings via ecological momentary assessment using a mixed sampling scheme from 157 participants (body mass index: 32.99 ± 3.78 kg/m2). Multilevel models revealed that being more physically active in the 15 minutes prior to the assessment predicted an increase in energetic arousal and a decrease in calmness. Subsequently, feeling more energetic and agitated was associated with increased PA within the following 15 minutes. Valence (i.e. pleasure-displeasure) was not associated with PA nor predictive of subsequent PA. Digital PA interventions may target the enhancement of feelings of energy and present psychoeducation about these distinct psychological benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Magdalena Pape
- LWL-University Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany
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8
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Ehmann MM, LaFata EM, McCausland HC, Knudsen FM, Butryn ML. Perceived importance of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity as a weight control strategy in behavioral weight loss. Obes Sci Pract 2023; 9:631-640. [PMID: 38090685 PMCID: PMC10712407 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Previous research has established the importance of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) for weight control. One area of unexplored investigation is the relationship between individuals' perceptions of the importance of MVPA for weight control and MVPA engagement. This study examined the associations between the perceived importance of MVPA and MVPA engagement, weight loss, barriers to PA, and exercise enjoyment in adults enrolled in a long-term behavioral weight loss (BWL) intervention. Methods Adults (N = 301) with overweight/obesity (BMI = 27-45 kg/m2) completed an 18-month BWL intervention, followed by a no-intervention 18-month follow-up. At baseline, 6 months, 18 months (i.e., post-treatment), and 36 months (i.e., follow-up), participants ranked the importance of six strategies for weight control: keeping a food record, MVPA, light PA, self-weighing, small portions, and low-calorie diet. Observed MVPA (measured by accelerometer), percent weight loss, perceived barriers to PA, and exercise enjoyment were also measured at each assessment. Results Results showed that most participants perceived MVPA as a primary weight control strategy (first, second, or third most important) throughout the intervention, regardless of the weight control goal (weight loss vs. maintenance). Individuals who ranked MVPA as a primary strategy for weight control at concurrent time points, compared to those who did not, engaged in significantly more MVPA at post-treatment, had greater weight loss at follow-up, endorsed fewer barriers to PA at post-treatment and follow-up, and reported greater exercise enjoyment at baseline and post-treatment. Conclusion Perceived importance of MVPA was related to subjective experiences of MVPA, MVPA adherence, and weight loss in a long-term BWL intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marny M. Ehmann
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences and Center for WeightEating and Lifestyle Science (WELL Center)Drexel UniversityPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Erica M. LaFata
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences and Center for WeightEating and Lifestyle Science (WELL Center)Drexel UniversityPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Hannah C. McCausland
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences and Center for WeightEating and Lifestyle Science (WELL Center)Drexel UniversityPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Francesca M. Knudsen
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences and Center for WeightEating and Lifestyle Science (WELL Center)Drexel UniversityPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Meghan L. Butryn
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences and Center for WeightEating and Lifestyle Science (WELL Center)Drexel UniversityPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
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Kariuki JK, Sereika S, Erickson K, Burke LE, Kriska A, Cheng J, Milton H, Hirshfield S, Ogutu D, Gibbs B. Feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a novel web-based physical activity intervention in adults with overweight/obesity: A pilot randomized controlled trial. Contemp Clin Trials 2023; 133:107318. [PMID: 37625586 PMCID: PMC10591946 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2023.107318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Only 14% of adults with obesity attain federal guidelines for physical activity (PA), but few interventions address obesity-specific barriers to PA. We designed the web-based Physical Activity for The Heart (PATH) intervention to address this gap. PURPOSE Test the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of PATH for promoting PA and reducing cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in adults with overweight/obesity. METHODS In a 12-week pilot RCT, participants were randomized to PATH (n = 41) or wait-list control (n = 41) groups. Treatment group received access to PATH and met twice/month with a remote coach. The control group received a self-help PA guide and newsletters on general health. Moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) was assessed via Actigraph-GT3X, steps via Fitbit Charge 2™, weight via smart scale, blood pressure (BP) via Omron BP device, and lipids/HbAIC via dry blood spot. Linear mixed modeling examined between- and within-group differences in PA and CVD risk. RESULTS The sample (N = 82) was on average 55.9 ± 8.2 years old; mean BMI 35.5 ± 6.2 kg/m2; 57.3% white and 80.5% female. Recruitment lasted 6-months, and 12-week retention was 96.3%. Treatment group accessed PATH ≥twice/week (92.1%), spent ≥10 min/visit (89.5%) and thought the site was culturally appropriate (79%). At 12 wks, the PATH group had greater mean changes in weekly MVPA (+58.9 vs. +0.9 min, p = .024) and daily steps (+1246.4 vs. -64.2 steps, p = .002) compared to the control group. Also, the PATH group improved in weight, BMI, body fat, waist circumference, and BP (p < .05). CONCLUSION The PATH intervention is feasible/acceptable and demonstrated preliminary efficacy for promoting PA among adults with overweight/obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jessica Cheng
- Harvard University T. H. Chan School of Public Health, MA, USA
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Oppert JM, Ciangura C, Bellicha A. Physical activity and exercise for weight loss and maintenance in people living with obesity. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2023; 24:937-949. [PMID: 37142892 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-023-09805-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Physical activity and exercise training programs are integral part of a comprehensive obesity management approach. In persons with overweight or obesity, exercise training, specifically aerobic (i.e. endurance) training, is associated with significant additional weight loss compared to the absence of training. However the magnitude of effect remains modest amounting to only 2-3 kg additional weight loss on average. Comparable effects have been observed for total fat loss. Exercise training, specifically aerobic training, is also associated with decreased abdominal visceral fat as assessed by imaging techniques, which is likely to benefit cardiometabolic health in persons with obesity. Based on data from controlled trials with randomization after prior weight loss, the evidence for weight maintenance with exercise training is as yet not conclusive, although retrospective analyses point to the value of relatively high-volume exercise in this regard. Resistance (i.e. muscle-strengthening) training is specifically advised for lean mass preservation during weight loss. Given the relatively limited effect of exercise training on weight loss as such, the changes in physical fitness brought about by exercise training cannot be overlooked as they provide major health benefits to persons with obesity. Aerobic, as well as combined aerobic and resistance training, increase cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max) while resistance training, but not aerobic training, improves muscle strength even in the absence of a significant change in muscle mass. Regarding the overall management strategy, adherence in the long term to new lifestyle habits remains a challenging issue to be addressed by further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Michel Oppert
- Department of Nutrition, Pitié-Salpetrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Sorbonne University, Paris, 75013, France.
- Center of Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Université Sorbonne Paris Nord and Université Paris Cité, INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Bobigny, F-93017, France.
- Department of Nutrition, Pitié-Salpêtrière hospital, 47-83 boulevard de l'Hôpital, Paris, 75013, France.
| | - Cécile Ciangura
- Department of Nutrition, Pitié-Salpetrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Sorbonne University, Paris, 75013, France
- Department of Diabetology, Pitié-Salpetrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Sorbonne University, Paris, 75013, France
| | - Alice Bellicha
- Center of Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Université Sorbonne Paris Nord and Université Paris Cité, INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Bobigny, F-93017, France
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Raisi A, Zerbini V, Piva T, Belvederi Murri M, Menegatti E, Caruso L, Masotti S, Grazzi G, Mazzoni G, Mandini S. Treating Binge Eating Disorder With Physical Exercise: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2023; 55:523-530. [PMID: 37245147 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2023.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This review aimed to collect evidence about the effectiveness of exercise programs for managing binge eating disorder (BED) (recurrent binge eating episodes). METHODS Meta-analysis was developed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses protocol. Articles were searched in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. Randomized controlled trials were eligible for inclusion if they reported the effect of an exercise-based program on BED symptoms in adults. Outcomes were changes in binge eating symptom severity, measured through validated assessment instruments, after an exercise-based intervention. Study results were pooled using the Bayesian model averaging for random and fixed effects meta-analysis. RESULTS Of 2,757 studies, 5 trials were included, with 264 participants. The mean age was 44.7 ± 8.1 years for the intervention group and 46.6 ± 8.5 years for the control group. All participants were female. A significant improvement was observed between groups (standardized mean difference, 0.94; 95% credibility interval, -1.46 to -0.31). Patients obtained significant improvements either following supervised exercise programs or home-based exercise prescriptions. IMPLICATIONS FOR RESEARCH AND PRACTICE These findings suggest that physical exercise, within a multidisciplinary clinical and psychotherapeutic approach, may be an effective intervention for managing BED symptoms. Further comparative studies are needed to clarify which exercise modality is associated with greater clinical benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Raisi
- Center for Exercise Science and Sport, Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Valentina Zerbini
- Center for Exercise Science and Sport, Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Tommaso Piva
- Center for Exercise Science and Sport, Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Martino Belvederi Murri
- Institute of Psychiatry Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Erica Menegatti
- Departement of Environmental Sciences and Prevention, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Caruso
- Departement of Environmental Sciences and Prevention, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Sabrina Masotti
- Center for Exercise Science and Sport, Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giovanni Grazzi
- Center for Exercise Science and Sport, Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Public Health Department, AUSL Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Healthy Living for Pandemic Event Protection (HL-PIVOT) Network, Chicago, IL
| | - Gianni Mazzoni
- Center for Exercise Science and Sport, Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Public Health Department, AUSL Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Simona Mandini
- Center for Exercise Science and Sport, Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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Lewis BA, Schuver K, Dunsiger S. Evaluating the feasibility and efficacy of a home-based combined high intensity interval and moderate intensity training program for increasing physical activity among low-active adults: A randomized pilot trial. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281985. [PMID: 36809292 PMCID: PMC9942957 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High intensity interval training (HIIT), which includes short bursts of high-intensity physical activity (PA) followed by recovery, can increase PA by addressing time barriers and improving PA enjoyment. The purpose of this pilot study was to examine the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a home-based HIIT intervention on PA. METHODS Low active adults (n = 47) were randomly assigned to a home-based HIIT intervention or wait-list control lasting 12 weeks. Participants in the HIIT intervention received motivational phone sessions based on Self-Determination Theory and accessed a website that included workout instructions and videos demonstrating proper form. RESULTS The HIIT intervention appears feasible based on retention, recruitment, adherence to the counseling sessions, follow-up rates, and the consumer satisfaction survey. HIIT participants reported more minutes of vigorous intensity PA at six weeks relative to control (no differences at 12 weeks). HIIT participants reported higher levels of self-efficacy for PA, enjoyment of PA, outcome expectations related to PA, and positive engagement with PA than the control. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence for feasibility and possible efficacy of a home-based HIIT intervention for vigorous intensity PA; however, additional studies are needed with larger samples sizes to confirm efficacy of home-based HIIT interventions. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical Trials Number: NCT03479177.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth A. Lewis
- School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Katie Schuver
- School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Shira Dunsiger
- Center for Health Promotion and Health Equity, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
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13
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Ketelhut S, Ketelhut RG, Weisser B, Nigg CR. Interval Training in Sports Medicine: Current Thoughts on an Old Idea. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11185468. [PMID: 36143115 PMCID: PMC9501174 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11185468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Ketelhut
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
- Correspondence:
| | - Reinhard G. Ketelhut
- Cardiology and Sports Medicine, Medical Center Berlin (MCB), 10559 Berlin, Germany
| | - Burkhard Weisser
- Institute of Sports Science, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Claudio R. Nigg
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
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14
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A single functional training session induces positive emotions and post-exercise hypotension. Sci Sports 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2021.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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15
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Marillier M, Borowik A, Chacaroun S, Baillieul S, Doutreleau S, Guinot M, Wuyam B, Tamisier R, Pépin JL, Estève F, Vergès S, Tessier D, Flore P. High-intensity interval training to promote cerebral oxygenation and affective valence during exercise in individuals with obesity. J Sports Sci 2022; 40:1500-1511. [PMID: 35942923 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2022.2086658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Left/right prefrontal cortex (PFC) activation is linked to positive/negative affects, respectively. Besides, larger left PFC oxygenation during exercise relates to higher cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is superior to moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) in improving CRF. The influence of training on PFC oxygenation and affects during exercise in individuals with obesity is, however, currently unknown. Twenty participants with obesity (14 males, 48 ± 8 years, body-mass index = 35 ± 6 kg·m-2) were randomised to MICT [50% peak work rate (WRpeak)] or HIIT (1-min bouts 100% WRpeak; 3 sessions/week, 8 weeks). Before/after training, participants completed an incremental ergocycle test. Near-infrared spectroscopy and the Feeling Scale assessed PFC oxygenation and affects during exercise, respectively. Improvements in CRF (e.g., WRpeak: 32 ± 14 vs 20 ± 13 W) were greater after HIIT vs MICT (p < 0.05). Only HIIT induced larger left PFC oxygenation (haemoglobin difference from 7 ± 6 to 10 ± 7 μmol) and enhanced affective valence (from 0.7 ± 2.9 to 2.2 ± 2.0; p < 0.05) at intensities ≥ second ventilatory threshold. Exercise-training induced changes in left PFC oxygenation correlated with changes in CRF [e.g., WRpeak (% predicted), r = 0.46] and post-training affective valence (r = 0.45; p < 0.05). HIIT specifically improved left PFC oxygenation and affects during exercise in individuals with obesity. Implementing HIIT in exercise programmes may therefore have relevant implications for the management of obesity, since greater affective response to exercise is thought to be associated with future commitment to physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Borowik
- Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | | | | | | | - Michel Guinot
- Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Bernard Wuyam
- Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Renaud Tamisier
- Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Louis Pépin
- Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - François Estève
- CHU Grenoble Alpes, CLUNI, SCRIMM-Sud, Inserm - UA07 - Rayonnement Synchrotron pour la Recherche Biomédicale (STROBE) ID17 Installation Européenne du Rayonnement Synchrotron (ESRF), Grenoble, France
| | - Samuel Vergès
- Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Damien Tessier
- Laboratoire SENS, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Patrice Flore
- Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
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16
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Tsirigkakis S, Koutedakis Y, Mastorakos G, Stavrinou PS, Mougios V, Bogdanis GC. Physiological, perceptual and affective responses to high-intensity interval training using two work-matched programs with different bout duration in obese males. J Exerc Sci Fit 2022; 20:199-205. [PMID: 35510254 PMCID: PMC9035702 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study compared physiological, perceptual, and affective responses to high-intensity interval training (HIIT) between two work-matched programs with different bout durations in obese males. Methods Sixteen low-to-moderately active obese men completed an eight-week cycling program of supervised HIIT (3 days/week) using either short bouts [48 × 10 s at 100% of peak power output (PPO) with 15 s of recovery (HIIT10)] or long bouts [8 × 60 s at 100% PPO with 90 s of recovery (HIIT60)]. Workload was progressively adjusted, to maintain high intensity (100% PPO), throughout training. Blood lactate (BLa), heart rate (HR), ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), and feeling scale ratings (pleasure/displeasure) were measured in each HIIT session. Results Average HR decreased in the last 2 weeks of training in both groups by 2.2 ± 1.8% of peak HR (p < 0.001). Training resulted in a reduction in BLa during exercise by 28 ± 19% (p < 0.001) from the 10th min onward only in HIIT10. Similarly, during the last weeks of training, RPE decreased (by 1.0 ± 1.1 units, p < 0.05) and feeling scale ratings were improved only in HIIT10, while RPE remained unchanged and feeling scale ratings deteriorated in HIIT60 (from 3.0 ± 1.1 to 2.1 ± 0.9 units, p < 0.001). No differences in post-exercise enjoyment were found. Conclusion Both HIIT formats induced similar HR adaptations, but improvement of BLa, perceptual and affective responses occurred only when bout duration was shorter. Our findings suggest that, in low-to-moderately active obese men, HIIT may be more effective in improving metabolic, perceptual, and affective responses when shorter, rather than longer, bouts of exercise are used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spyridon Tsirigkakis
- School of Physical Education & Sports Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - Yiannis Koutedakis
- School of Physical Education & Sports Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - George Mastorakos
- Unit of Metabolism and Endocrinology of Physical Activity and Sport, Aretaieion Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Unit of Endocrinology, Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolism, Aretaieion Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Vassilis Mougios
- Laboratory of Evaluation of Human Biological Performance, School of Physical Education and Sport Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 57001, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Gregory C Bogdanis
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 17237, Athens, Greece
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17
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Batrakoulis A, Fatouros IG. Psychological Adaptations to High-Intensity Interval Training in Overweight and Obese Adults: A Topical Review. Sports (Basel) 2022; 10:sports10050064. [PMID: 35622474 PMCID: PMC9148041 DOI: 10.3390/sports10050064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Regular exercise has been reported as a fundamental piece of the management and treatment puzzle of obesity, playing a vital role in numerous psychological indicators. However, it is unclear whether high-intensity interval training (HIIT) can improve critical psychological health markers such as adherence, exercise enjoyment, affective responses, health-related quality of life, anxiety, and depression in overweight and obese adults. The purpose of this topical review was to catalogue studies investigating the psychological responses to HIIT in order to identify what psychological outcomes have been assessed, the research methods used, and the results. The inclusion/exclusion criteria were met by 25 published articles investigating either a traditional, single-component (84%) or a hybrid-type, multi-component (16%) HIIT protocol and involving 930 participants with overweight/obesity. The present topical review on HIIT-induced psychological adaptations shows that this popular exercise mode, but also demanding for the masses, can meaningfully increase the vast majority of the selected mental health-related indices. These improvements seem to be equal if not greater than those observed for moderate-intensity continuous training in overweight and obese adults. However, further research is needed in this area, focusing on the potential mechanisms behind positive alterations in various psychological health parameters through larger samples and high-quality randomized controlled trials.
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18
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Mendelson M, Chacaroun S, Baillieul S, Doutreleau S, Guinot M, Wuyam B, Tamisier R, Pépin JL, Estève F, Tessier D, Vergès S, Flore P. Effects of high intensity interval training on sustained reduction in cardiometabolic risk associated with overweight/obesity. A randomized trial. J Exerc Sci Fit 2022; 20:172-181. [PMID: 35401768 PMCID: PMC8956941 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Considering the potential greater cardiocirculatory effects of high intensity interval training (HIIT), we hypothesized that a 2-month supervised high volume short interval HIIT would induce greater improvements in CRF and cardiometabolic risk and increase long-term maintenance to physical activity compared to isocaloric moderate intensity continuous training (MICT) in overweight/obesity. Methods Sixty (19 females) subjects with overweight/obesity were randomized to three training programs (3 times/week for 2 months): MICT (45 min, 50% peak power output-PPO), HIIT (22 × 1-min cycling at 100% PPO/1-min passive recovery) and HIIT-RM (RM: recovery modulation, i.e. subjects adjusted passive recovery duration between 30s and 2 min). After the intervention, participants no longer benefited from supervised physical activity and were instructed to maintain the same exercise modalities on their own. We assessed anthropometrics, body composition, CRF, fat oxidation, lipid profile, glycemic balance, low-grade inflammation, vascular function, spontaneous physical activity and motivation for eating at three time points: baseline (T0), 4 days after the end of the 2-month supervised training program (T2) and 4 months after the end of the training program (T6). Results HIIT/HIIT-RM induced greater improvement in VO2peak (between +14% and +17%), power output at ventilatory thresholds and at maximal fat oxidation rate (+25%) and waist circumference (−1.53 cm) compared to MICT and tended to decrease insulin resistance. During the four-month follow-up period during which exercise in autonomy was prescribed, HIIT induced a greater preservation of CRF, decreases in total and abdominal fat masses and total cholesterol/HDL. Conclusion We have shown greater short-term benefits induced by a high volume short interval (1 min) HIIT on cardiorespiratory fitness and cardiometabolic risk over an isocaloric moderate intensity continuous exercise in persons with overweight/obesity. We also showed greater long-term effects (i.e. after 4 months) of this exercise modality on the maintenance of CRF, decreases in total and abdominal fat masses and total cholesterol/HDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Mendelson
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, HP2, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Samarmar Chacaroun
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, HP2, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Sébastien Baillieul
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, HP2, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Stéphane Doutreleau
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, HP2, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Michel Guinot
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, HP2, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Bernard Wuyam
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, HP2, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Renaud Tamisier
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, HP2, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Louis Pépin
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, HP2, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - François Estève
- Inserm - UA07 - Rayonnement Synchrotron pour la Recherche Biomédicale (STROBE) ID17 Installation Européenne du Rayonnement Synchrotron (ESRF), CHU Grenoble Alpes, CLUNI, SCRIMM-Sud, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Damien Tessier
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire SENS, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Samuel Vergès
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, HP2, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Patrice Flore
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, HP2, 38000, Grenoble, France
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19
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Increasing motivation and game performance of children in basketball classes using video applications. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-02835-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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20
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Barker JL, Kolar D, Lazzer ASD, Keel PK. Exercise Satiation: A novel theoretical conceptualization for problematic exercise observed in eating disorders. Int J Eat Disord 2022; 55:176-179. [PMID: 34729798 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Exercise Satiation is a novel theoretical conceptualization for problematic exercise often observed in eating disorders. Problematic exercise is present across the spectrum of eating disorder presentations and is a cardinal symptom of eating disorders that has been difficult to treat historically. Conceptualizing exercise in the context of Reward Satiation similar to other biological drives such as eating could provide new insights into the etiology, maintenance, and treatment of problematic exercise in eating disorders. Through this understanding, we may be able to provide and increase adherence to interventions that target these mechanisms and as such, reduce impairment associated with problematic exercise for those with eating disorders. Using the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) framework, we propose and discuss potential research avenues to explore Exercise Satiation in the context of eating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Barker
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - David Kolar
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Pamela K Keel
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
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21
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Rupp K, Stewart AL, Friel CP. Perception of moderate-intensity physical activity by onset of obesity: A randomized crossover trial. Clin Obes 2022; 12:e12492. [PMID: 34624179 DOI: 10.1111/cob.12492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Moderate-intensity physical activity is recommended for inactive adults with overweight/obesity (OW/OB). The objective of this study is to determine if differences exist in the selection of moderate intensity between inactive adults with juvenile-onset (JO) and adult-onset (AO) OW/OB. Participants (JO = 18, AO = 20) were stratified by onset and completed two separate 20-minute moderate-intensity exercise sessions on a treadmill and cycle ergometer (randomized order). Multiple linear regression was used to determine whether exercise intensity (average METS, % age-predicted HRmax ), self-reported pleasure or exertion differed by onset, controlling for age and gender. On the treadmill, JO and AO participants selected an average intensity of (mean [SD]) 3.5 (0.9) and 3.7 (0.9) METS, and 64.0 (7.7) and 64.9 (7.5) % of age-predicted HRmax , respectively. On the cycle, JO and AO participants selected an average intensity of 3.3 (0.9) and 3.3 (1.0) METS, and 65.2 (8.8) and 60.7 (7.2) % of age-predicted HRmax . After adjustment, participant intensity selection did not significantly differ by obesity onset when walking or cycling. There were no significant differences in pleasure or perceived exertion by onset, however, perception of exertion was on the high-end of moderate for both the cycle (13.0, 12.5) and treadmill (12.0, 12.1), in JO and AO participants, respectively. Perception of moderate intensity did not differ by obesity onset. Self-selected intensity was at the low end of moderate for walking and cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristie Rupp
- Department of Health and Movement Sciences, Southern Connecticut State University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Andrea L Stewart
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ciarán P Friel
- Center for Personalized Health, Northwell Health, New York City, New York, USA
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22
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Oppert JM, Bellicha A, Ciangura C. Physical activity in management of persons with obesity. Eur J Intern Med 2021; 93:8-12. [PMID: 34024703 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2021.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Physical activity and exercise have many benefits in persons with obesity, helping with weight loss, body fat loss, abdominal visceral fat loss and possibly with weight maintenance after weight loss. The effect of exercise training (endurance or endurance plus resistance or high-intensity interval training) alone on weight loss as outcome appears relatively modest, amounting to only a few kg. However, endurance training during weight loss has been shown to increase V̇O2max and resistance training during weight loss leads to lower loss in lean body mass and increased muscle strength. In addition, higher physical activity levels improve cardiovascular risk, whatever weight variations. Specifically, physical activity or exercise is part of lifestyle measures for prevention of type 2 diabetes and substantially helps with metabolic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. The importance of physical activity counselling and exercise prescription in the management strategy will depend on specific treatment objectives as defined for a given patient, including weight loss, prevention of weigh regain, prevention of cardio-metabolic comorbidities, lean body mass preservation but also improvement in quality of life or development of social links. The 5 A's strategy consisting in: Ask, Assess, Advise, Agree, Assist (or Arrange) appears well adapted in this setting. Professionals need to be aware of the many barriers patients with obesity may meet on their way to increase habitual physical activity as specific solutions should be proposed. A major challenge is how to improve adherence to new physical activity habits over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Michel Oppert
- Department of Nutrition, Pitié-Salpêtrière university hospital (AP-HP), Sorbonne university, Centre for research on human nutrition (CRNH IdF), Institute of cardiometabolism and nutrition (ICAN), 47-83 boulevard de l'Hôpital 75013 Paris, France; Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Inserm U1153/Inrae U1125/Cnam/USPN, 74 rue Marcel Cachin 93017 Bobigny, France.
| | - Alice Bellicha
- Department of Nutrition, Pitié-Salpêtrière university hospital (AP-HP), Sorbonne university, Centre for research on human nutrition (CRNH IdF), Institute of cardiometabolism and nutrition (ICAN), 47-83 boulevard de l'Hôpital 75013 Paris, France; INSERM, Nutrition and obesities: systemic approaches (NutriOmics), Sorbonne University, 91 boulevard de l'Hôpital 75013 Paris, France
| | - Cécile Ciangura
- Department of Nutrition, Pitié-Salpêtrière university hospital (AP-HP), Sorbonne university, Centre for research on human nutrition (CRNH IdF), Institute of cardiometabolism and nutrition (ICAN), 47-83 boulevard de l'Hôpital 75013 Paris, France
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23
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Smith KE, Mason TB, Schumacher LM, Pellegrini CA, Goldschmidt AB, Unick JL. Momentary affective response to bouts of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity predicts changes in physical activity and sedentary behavior during behavioral weight loss. PSYCHOLOGY OF SPORT AND EXERCISE 2021; 57:102056. [PMID: 34737670 PMCID: PMC8562688 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2021.102056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Affective responses are posited to be key predictors of the uptake and maintenance of health behaviors. However, few studies have examined how individuals' affective response to physical activity, as well as the degree to which their affect response changes, may predict changes in physical activity and sedentary time during behavioral weight loss treatment. PURPOSE The current study examined how baseline momentary affective response (i.e., stress and anxiety) to moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and the degree of pre--post intervention change in this response predicted change in daily sedentary, light, and MVPA time during a three-month internet-based weight loss program. METHODS Women with overweight/obesity (final N=37) completed 14-day ecological momentary assessment (EMA) protocols with objective measurement of physical activity (i.e., bout-related MVPA time) before and after the intervention. RESULTS Women who had more reinforcing responses to MVPA (i.e., greater reductions in anxiety and stress response following MVPA bouts) at baseline had greater increases in overall MVPA at the end of the intervention. Those who had greater anxiety reductions after MVPA bouts at baseline also evidenced less sedentary time at the end of the intervention. Changes in affective responses across the intervention were not related to changes in physical activity levels. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest initial levels of affective reinforcement from MVPA bouts predict future change in MVPA and sedentary time during behavioral weight loss. Future work is needed to examine the utility of more precisely targeting affective responses to physical activity to optimize intervention approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E Smith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tyler B Mason
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Leah M Schumacher
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University/The Miriam Hospital, Weight Control and Diabetes Research Center, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Christine A Pellegrini
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - Andrea B Goldschmidt
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University/The Miriam Hospital, Weight Control and Diabetes Research Center, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Jessica L Unick
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University/The Miriam Hospital, Weight Control and Diabetes Research Center, Providence, RI, USA
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24
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Tuominen M, Suorsa K, Pentti J, Koski P, Stenholm S, Leskinen T. The Impact of a 12-Month Activity Tracker Intervention on Activity Behavior Across Body Mass Index Subgroups Among Recent Retirees: Post Hoc Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial. J Phys Act Health 2021; 18:1563-1569. [PMID: 34702785 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2021-0352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examined the effectiveness of a 12-month activity tracker-based intervention on activity behavior among recent retirees (Enhancing physical ACTivity and healthy aging among recent REtirees [REACT]) in subgroups based on body mass index. METHODS REACT trial randomized 231 participants (mean age 65.2) into intervention and control groups. Main outcomes were accelerometer-measured moderate-to-vigorous (MVPA) and light physical activity (LPA) and sedentary time (SED) measured at baseline and 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-ups. As a post hoc analysis, the intervention effect was examined among participants with normal weight (n = 77), overweight (n = 89), and obesity (n = 61). RESULTS An intervention effect was observed among participants with obesity in LPA (time × group P = .045) mirrored by a similar, albeit nonsignificant, effect in SED (P = .067), but not in MVPA (P = .92). A transient increase of 41 minutes per day (95% confidence interval, 14 to 68) in LPA was observed at 6 months among the intervention group, with a concomitant decrease of 42 minutes per day (-72 to -12) in SED. However, these changes were not maintained at 12 months. No between-group differences in changes over time were observed among participants with normal or overweight. CONCLUSIONS Activity trackers may be particularly suitable for promoting changes in LPA and SED among older adults with obesity. However, their long-term effectiveness might be limited.
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Jossa-Bastidas O, Zahia S, Fuente-Vidal A, Sánchez Férez N, Roda Noguera O, Montane J, Garcia-Zapirain B. Predicting Physical Exercise Adherence in Fitness Apps Using a Deep Learning Approach. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182010769. [PMID: 34682515 PMCID: PMC8535546 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182010769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The use of mobile fitness apps has been on the rise for the last decade and especially during the worldwide SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, which led to the closure of gyms and to reduced outdoor mobility. Fitness apps constitute a promising means for promoting more active lifestyles, although their attrition rates are remarkable and adherence to their training plans remains a challenge for developers. The aim of this project was to design an automatic classification of users into adherent and non-adherent, based on their training behavior in the first three months of app usage, for which purpose we proposed an ensemble of regression models to predict their behaviour (adherence) in the fourth month. The study was conducted using data from a total of 246 Mammoth Hunters Fitness app users. Firstly, pre-processing and clustering steps were taken in order to prepare the data and to categorize users into similar groups, taking into account the first 90 days of workout sessions. Then, an ensemble approach for regression models was used to predict user training behaviour during the fourth month, which were trained with users belonging to the same cluster. This was used to reach a conclusion regarding their adherence status, via an approach that combined affinity propagation (AP) clustering algorithm, followed by the long short-term memory (LSTM), rendering the best results (87% accuracy and 85% F1_score). This study illustrates the suggested the capacity of the system to anticipate future adherence or non-adherence, potentially opening the door to fitness app creators to pursue advanced measures aimed at reducing app attrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Jossa-Bastidas
- eVIDA Research Group, University of Deusto, 48007 Bilbao, Spain; (S.Z.); (B.G.-Z.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Sofia Zahia
- eVIDA Research Group, University of Deusto, 48007 Bilbao, Spain; (S.Z.); (B.G.-Z.)
| | - Andrea Fuente-Vidal
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, FPCEE Blanquerna, Ramon Llull University, 08022 Barcelona, Spain; (A.F.-V.); (J.M.)
| | | | | | - Joel Montane
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, FPCEE Blanquerna, Ramon Llull University, 08022 Barcelona, Spain; (A.F.-V.); (J.M.)
- Blanquerna School of Health Sciences, Ramon Llull University, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
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When American Adults Do Move, How Do They Do So? Trends in Physical Activity Intensity, Type, and Modality: 1988-2017. J Phys Act Health 2021; 18:1181-1198. [PMID: 34470912 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2020-0424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few Americans accumulate enough physical activity (PA) to realize its benefits. Understanding how and why individuals use their discretionary time for different forms of PA could help identify and rectify issues that drive individuals away from certain physical activities, and leverage successful strategies to increase participation in others. METHODS The authors analyzed approximately 30 years of changes in PA behavior by intensity, type, and mode, using data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. RESULTS Since 1988, the proportions of adults most frequently engaging in exercise, sport, or lifestyle physical activity have changed noticeably. The most apparent changes from 1988 to 2017 were the proportions most frequently engaging in Exercise and Sport. In addition, the proportion of time reportedly spent in vigorous-intensity PA decreased over time, particularly among male respondents. Moreover, the proportion of Americans reporting an "Other" PA mode increased substantially, suggesting a growing need for a greater variety of easily accessible options for adult PA. CONCLUSIONS Over time, a smaller proportion of American adults reported participating in sport and exercise modalities and reported engaging more frequently in low-intensity physical activities.
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Klasnja P, Rosenberg DE, Zhou J, Anau J, Gupta A, Arterburn DE. A quality-improvement optimization pilot of BariFit, a mobile health intervention to promote physical activity after bariatric surgery. Transl Behav Med 2021; 11:530-539. [PMID: 32421187 DOI: 10.1093/tbm/ibaa040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment for severe obesity (body mass index >40), helping individuals lose, on average, 25%-29% of their body weight over the first year. However, many patients begin to plateau and regain weight within 12-24 months, and 20% of patients begin to regain weight within 6 months postsurgery. As physical activity (PA) is an important predictor of weight loss and maintenance postsurgery, there is a need for scalable, effective lifestyle interventions to help bariatric patients increase PA in order to maximize their weight loss and maintenance. To assess feasibility of using mobile health (mHealth) tools to support PA postsurgery, we conducted a quality-improvement optimization pilot of BariFit, an mHealth intervention that combines commercial devices and custom text messages. Fifty-one bariatric patients enrolled in a 16-week optimization pilot of BariFit. To assess feasibility, pre-post changes in PA were assessed using activPAL. In addition, the pilot randomized, using a 2 × 2 factorial design, two adaptive approaches to daily step goals (variable and 60th percentile goals) and provision of rest days (yes/no), and microrandomized provision of SMS-delivered activity suggestions five times a day for each participant. Adherence to using study equipment was over 95% at 16 weeks. Participants increased PA by 1,866 steps from baseline to end-of-study (p < .007). Participants who received variable step goals averaged 1,141 more steps per day (p = .096) than those who received 60th percentile goals. Activity suggestions had no effect. mHealth interventions are feasible for supporting PA postbariatric surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Predrag Klasnja
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle WA, USA.,School of Information, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Dori E Rosenberg
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle WA, USA
| | - Jing Zhou
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle WA, USA
| | - Jane Anau
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle WA, USA
| | - Anirban Gupta
- Bariatric Surgery Program, Kaiser Permanente Bellevue, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David E Arterburn
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle WA, USA
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Wong MWH, Ross NA, Chien LC, Bhammar DM. Respiratory and Perceptual Responses to High-Intensity Interval Exercise in Obese Adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2021; 53:1719-1728. [PMID: 33587550 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) has emerged as an attractive alternative to continuous exercise (CE), the effects of HIIE on ventilatory constraints and dyspnea on exertion have not been studied in obese adults, and thus, tolerability of HIIE in obese adults is unknown. The purpose of this study was to examine differences in respiratory and perceptual responses between HIIE and CE in nonobese and obese adults. METHODS Ten nonobese (5 men; 24.1 ± 6.2 yr; body mass index, 23.0 ± 1.3 kg·m-2) and 10 obese (5 men; 24.2 ± 3.8 yr; body mass index, 37 ± 4.6 kg·m-2) adults participated in this study. Respiratory and perceptual responses were assessed during HIIE (eight 30-s intervals at 80% maximal work rate, with 45-s recovery periods) and two 6-min sessions of CE, completed below and above ventilatory threshold (Vth). RESULTS Despite similar work rate, HIIE was completed at a higher relative intensity in obese when compared with nonobese participants (68.8% ± 9.4% vs 58.9% ± 5.6% maximal oxygen uptake, respectively; P = 0.01). Expiratory flow limitation and/or dynamic hyperinflation was present during HIIE in 50% of the obese but in none of the nonobese participants. Ratings of perceived breathlessness were highest during HIIE (5.3 ± 2.4), followed by CEaboveVth (2.5 ± 1.6), and CEbelowVth (0.9 ± 0.7; P < 0.05) in obese participants. Unpleasantness associated with breathlessness was higher in obese (4.2 ± 3.0) when compared with nonobese participants (0.6 ± 1.3; P = 0.005) during HIIE. CONCLUSIONS HIIE, when prescribed relative to maximal work rate, is associated with greater ventilatory constraints and dyspnea on exertion when compared with CE in obese adults. CE may be more tolerable when compared with HIIE for obese adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W H Wong
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, School of Integrated Health Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV
| | - Nicholas A Ross
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, School of Integrated Health Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV
| | - Lung-Chang Chien
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV
| | - Dharini M Bhammar
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, School of Integrated Health Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV
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Baillot A, Chenail S, Barros Polita N, Simoneau M, Libourel M, Nazon E, Riesco E, Bond DS, Romain AJ. Physical activity motives, barriers, and preferences in people with obesity: A systematic review. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253114. [PMID: 34161372 PMCID: PMC8221526 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although the benefits of physical activity (PA) are well known, physical inactivity is highly prevalent among people with obesity. The objective of this systematic review was to i) appraise knowledge on PA motives, barriers, and preferences in individuals with obesity, and ii) quantify the most frequently reported PA motives, barriers and preferences in this population. Methods Six databases (Pubmed, CINAHL, Psyarticle, SportDiscus, Web of science and Proquest) were searched by independent reviewers to identify relevant quantitative or qualitative articles reporting PA motives, barriers or preferences in adults with body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2 (last searched in June 2020). Risk of bias for each study was assessed by two independent reviewers with the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). Results From 5,899 papers identified, a total of 27 studies, 14 quantitative, 10 qualitative and 3 mixed studies were included. About 30% of studies have a MMAT score below 50% (k = 8). The three most reported PA motives in people with obesity were weight management, energy/physical fitness, and social support. The three most common PA barriers were lack of self-discipline/motivation, pain or physical discomfort, and lack of time. Based on the only 4 studies available, walking seems to be the preferred mode of PA in people with obesity. Conclusions Weight management, lack of motivation and pain are key PA motives and barriers in people with obesity, and should be addressed in future interventions to facilitate PA initiation and maintenance. Further research is needed to investigate the PA preferences of people with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Baillot
- Department of Nursing, University of Québec en Outaouais, Gatineau, QC, Canada
- Institut du savoir Montfort-Recherche, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Centre de recherche du Centre Intégré de Santé et Services Sociaux de l’Outaouais, Gatineau, QC, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Naiara Barros Polita
- Department of Nursing, State University of Northern Paraná, Bandeirantes, PR, Brazil
| | - Mylène Simoneau
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Mathilde Libourel
- Faculty of Physical Activity Sciences, University of Sherbrooke and Research Center on Aging, CIUSSS de l’Estrie–CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Institut des Sciences et Industries du vivant et de l’environnement, AgroParisTech, Paris, France
| | - Evy Nazon
- Department of Nursing, University of Québec en Outaouais, Gatineau, QC, Canada
| | - Eléonor Riesco
- Faculty of Physical Activity Sciences, University of Sherbrooke and Research Center on Aging, CIUSSS de l’Estrie–CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Dale S. Bond
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Weight Control and Diabetes Research Center, The Miriam Hospital/Brown Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI, United States of America
| | - Ahmed J. Romain
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Kinesiology and Physical Activity Sciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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Cardiovascular Effects of Aerobic Exercise With Self-Selected or Predetermined Intensity in Adolescents With Obesity. Pediatr Exerc Sci 2021; 33:125-131. [PMID: 34010805 DOI: 10.1123/pes.2020-0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study compared the effects of self-selected exercise intensity (SEI) versus predetermined exercise intensity (PEI) on blood pressure (BP) and arterial stiffness in adolescents with obesity. A total of 37 adolescents, 14.7 (1.6) years old, body mass index ≥95th percentile were randomly allocated into SEI (n = 18; 12 boys) or PEI (n = 19; 13 boys). Both groups exercised for 35 minutes on a treadmill, 3 times per week, for 12 weeks. The SEI could set the speed at the beginning of the sessions and make changes every 5 minutes. The PEI adolescents were trained at an intensity set at 60% to 70% of heart rate reserve. Brachial and central BP, pulse pressure, augmentation index, and carotid-femoral pulse wave were determined at baseline and after 12 weeks. Both groups reduced brachial systolic BP (SEI, Δ = -9 mm Hg; PEI, Δ = -4 mm Hg; P < .01), central systolic BP (SEI, Δ = -4 mm Hg; PEI, Δ = -4 mm Hg; P = .01), and central pulse pressure (SEI, Δ = -4 mm Hg; PEI, Δ = -3 mm Hg; P = .02) without differences between groups. No changes in the augmentation index and carotid-femoral pulse wave were observed in either group. The SEI induced similar changes in various cardiovascular outcomes compared with PEI in adolescents with obesity.
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Ávila-Gandía V, Sánchez-Macarro M, Luque-Rubia A, García-Sánchez E, Cánovas F, López-Santiago A, López-Román FJ. High versus Low-Moderate Intensity Exercise Training Program as an Adjunct to Antihypertensive Medication: A Pilot Clinical Study. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11040291. [PMID: 33920194 PMCID: PMC8069909 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11040291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this pilot clinical study we investigated the effect on blood pressure (BP) of two community-based exercise training programs of high (HIT) vs. low-moderate intensity (LMIT) in hypertensive individuals receiving at least one antihypertensive drug. METHODS The study included two phases of physical exercises based on 1-h session, 3 days/week for 12 and 16 weeks, respectively, separately by a 7-week resting period. Each phase was preceded by a four-week conditioning training period. According to the average maximal heart rate at baseline, participants were randomized to HIT (80-90%), LMIT (50-70%) or no-exercise (control). Heart rate was monitored during workout and BP profiles were registered by ambulatory BP monitoring at the beginning and end of each phase. RESULTS Of 60 individuals randomized, 44 completed the study (HIT, n = 10; LMIT, n = 16; controls, n = 18). BP levels were significantly reduced after the second phase for both LMIT (SBP -3.1 mmHg, DBP -2.4 mmHg) and HIT (SBP -10.8 mmHg, DBP -8.3 mmHg). Similar levels of improvement were also found in daytime and night-time BP. Mean attendance of the prescribed training sessions was 87.4 ± 6.2% for HIT and 87.4 ± 5.3% for LMIT during the first phase and 84.1 ± 5.0% and 85.2 ± 5.9% during the second phase, respectively (p = 0.047). CONCLUSION Both HIT and LMIT exercise training programs reduced BP but the HIT modality showed a lower rate of compliance with proposed training schedule. Intensity of training should be individually prescribed to improve tolerance to more high intensity exercises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Ávila-Gandía
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Universidad Católica de Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (M.S.-M.); (A.L.-R.); (F.C.); (F.J.L.-R.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Maravillas Sánchez-Macarro
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Universidad Católica de Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (M.S.-M.); (A.L.-R.); (F.C.); (F.J.L.-R.)
| | - Antonio Luque-Rubia
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Universidad Católica de Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (M.S.-M.); (A.L.-R.); (F.C.); (F.J.L.-R.)
| | - Esther García-Sánchez
- Fundación para la Formación e Invetigación Sanitarias de la Región de Murcia, 30003 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Fernando Cánovas
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Universidad Católica de Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (M.S.-M.); (A.L.-R.); (F.C.); (F.J.L.-R.)
| | | | - Francisco Javier López-Román
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Universidad Católica de Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (M.S.-M.); (A.L.-R.); (F.C.); (F.J.L.-R.)
- Primary Care Research GroupBiomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB–Arrixaca), 30120 Murcia, Spain
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Pinidiyapathirage J, Kasthuriratne A, Bennie JA, Pathmeswaran A, Biddle SJH, De Silva HJ, Chackrewarthy S, Dassanayake AS, Ranawaka U, Kato N, Wickremasinghe AR. Physical Activity Tracking Among Sri Lankan Adults: Findings From a 7-Year Follow-up of the Ragama Health Study. Asia Pac J Public Health 2021; 33:205-212. [PMID: 33577353 DOI: 10.1177/1010539520971179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Limited data are available on physical activity tracking among adults in low- and middle-income countries. Using a longitudinal design, we assessed trends and correlates of physical activity among Sri Lankan adults. Individuals selected through age-stratified random sampling, were screened initially in 2007 (n = 2986) and reevaluated in 2014 (n = 2148). On both occasions, structured interviews and clinical measurements were completed. Approximately 40% of the participants engaged in recommended levels of physical activity both at baseline and follow-up. One-fifth reported increased physical activity at follow-up, a similar proportion reported being persistently inactive or a reduction in physical activity. In the adjusted analysis, being persistently active was associated with male sex, a lower educational level and income, being free of any chronic disease conditions, better self-rated health, and sitting time <8 hours. Our findings support public health interventions to help maintain recommended physical activity levels over time, particularly for subgroups at high-risk of physical inactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janani Pinidiyapathirage
- University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia.,University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka.,Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Jason A Bennie
- University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Norihiro Kato
- National Centre for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Lee HH, Emerson JA, Bohlen LC, Williams DM. Affective response to physical activity as an intermediate phenotype. Soc Sci Med 2021; 271:112038. [PMID: 30502097 PMCID: PMC6510653 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Over the past seventy years, biomedical and epidemiological research has shown that regular physical activity (PA) is critical for physical and mental health. Despite this knowledge, physical inactivity is the fourth leading risk factor for global mortality, accounting for 9% (5.3 million) of premature deaths annually. We suggest this mismatch between knowing about the risks of PA and engaging in regular PA can be reconciled by focusing less on expected health benefits of PA and more on how people feel during PA. Specifically, in this position paper, we argue that affective response (feeling good versus bad) to PA is an intermediate phenotype that can explain significant variance in PA behavior and is, in turn, a function of genetic variability. In making this argument, we first review empirical evidence showing that affective response to PA predicts future physical activity behavior. Second, we systematically review research on single nucleotide morphisms (SNPs) that are associated with affective response to PA. Investigating affective response to PA as an intermediate phenotype will allow future researchers to move beyond asking "What SNPs are associated with PA?", and begin asking "How do these SNPs influence PA?", thus ultimately optimizing the translation of knowledge gained from genomic data to intervention development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harold H Lee
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA.
| | - Jessica A Emerson
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | | | - David M Williams
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
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Hobbins L, Girard O, Gaoua N, Hunter S. Acute psycho-physiological responses to perceptually regulated hypoxic and normoxic interval walks in overweight-to-obese adults. J Sci Med Sport 2020; 24:481-487. [PMID: 33281095 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2020.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We investigated psycho-physiological responses to perceptually regulated interval walks in hypoxia versus normoxia in obese individuals. DESIGN Within-participants repeated measures. METHODS Ten obese adults (BMI=32±3kg/m-2) completed a 60-min interval session (15×2min walking at a rating of perceived exertion of 14 on the 6-20 Borg scale with 2min of rest) either in hypoxia (FiO2=13.0%, HYP) or normoxia (NOR). A third trial replicating the HYP speed pattern was carried out in normoxia as a control (CON). Exercise responses were analysed comparing the average of 1st to 3rd exercise bouts to those of the 4th-6th, 7th-9th, 10th-12th and 13th-15th exercise bouts (block 1 versus 2, 3, 4 and 5). RESULTS Treadmill speed was slower during block 4 (6.14±0.67 versus 6.24±0.73km/h-1) and block 5 (6.12±0.64 versus 6.25±0.75km/h-1) in HYP compared to NOR or CON (p=0.009). Compared to NOR and CON, heart rate was +6-10% higher (p=0.001), whilst arterial oxygen saturation (-12-13%) was lower (p<0.001) in HYP. Perceived limb discomfort was lower in HYP and CON versus NOR (-21±4% and -34±6%; p=0.004). CONCLUSIONS In overweight-to-obese adults, perceptually regulated interval walks in hypoxia versus normoxia leads to progressively slower speeds along with lower limb discomfort and larger physiological stress than normoxia. Walking at the speed adopted in hypoxia produces similar psycho-physiological responses at the same absolute intensity in normoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam Hobbins
- Sport and Exercise Science Research Centre (SESRC), London South Bank University, United Kingdom
| | - Olivier Girard
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Nadia Gaoua
- Sport and Exercise Science Research Centre (SESRC), London South Bank University, United Kingdom
| | - Steve Hunter
- Sport and Exercise Science Research Centre (SESRC), London South Bank University, United Kingdom
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Rosenberg DE, Anderson ML, Renz A, Matson TE, Lee AK, Greenwood-Hickman MA, Arterburn DE, Gardiner PA, Kerr J, McClure JB. Reducing Sitting Time in Obese Older Adults: The I-STAND Randomized Controlled Trial. J Aging Phys Act 2020; 28:864-874. [PMID: 32498040 PMCID: PMC9067913 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2019-0470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The authors tested the efficacy of the "I-STAND" intervention for reducing sitting time, a novel and potentially health-promoting approach, in older adults with obesity. METHODS The authors recruited 60 people (mean age = 68 ± 4.9 years, 68% female, 86% White; mean body mass index = 35.4). The participants were randomized to receive the I-STAND sitting reduction intervention (n = 29) or healthy living control group (n = 31) for 12 weeks. At baseline and at 12 weeks, the participants wore activPAL devices to assess sitting time (primary outcome). Secondary outcomes included fasting glucose, blood pressure, and weight. Linear regression models assessed between-group differences in the outcomes. RESULTS The I-STAND participants significantly reduced their sitting time compared with the controls (-58 min per day; 95% confidence interval [-100.3, -15.6]; p = .007). There were no statistically significant changes in the secondary outcomes. CONCLUSION I-STAND was efficacious in reducing sitting time, but not in changing health outcomes in older adults with obesity.
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García-Sánchez E, Rubio-Arias JÁ, Ávila-Gandía V, López-Román FJ, Menarguez-Puche JF. Effects of Two Community-Based Exercise Programs on Adherence, Cardiometabolic Markers, and Body Composition in Older People with Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Prospective Observational Cohort Study. J Pers Med 2020; 10:jpm10040176. [PMID: 33081361 PMCID: PMC7711811 DOI: 10.3390/jpm10040176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is one of the leading causes of death globally, and cardiovascular risk factors (CRFs) are major behavioral risk factors. Therefore, community-based programs are being designed based on the prescription of physical exercise from primary care centers to improve people’s health through changes in lifestyle. The objective was to compare the effects of two types of community exercise on adherence, lipid profile, body composition and blood pressure. A prospective observational cohort study was designed with two cohorts of study depending on the duration and type of physical exercise program performed. Fifty-one participants (82.4% women) with CRF completed the observation period in which they carried out a short-term, non-individualized exercise program (3 months), and 42 participants (71.4% women) with CRF completed the observation period in which they conducted a long-term, individualized exercise program (6 months). The results suggest that participants who carried out the longer program with an individualized progression produced greater adherence to physical exercise and a decrease in diastolic blood pressure. In addition, LDL and insulin levels decreased in both groups. Therefore, our results suggest that a longer duration and individualized evolution of the loads of a community exercise program lead to higher levels of physical activity (PA) and improvements diastolic blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther García-Sánchez
- Fundación para la Formación e Investigación Sanitaria de la Región de Murcia (FFIS), Calle Luis Fontes Pagán 9, 1ª planta, 30003 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Jacobo Á. Rubio-Arias
- LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Science-INEF, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +34-9106-77964
| | - Vicente Ávila-Gandía
- Sports Physiology Department, Catholic University of Murcia (UCAM), 30107 Murcia, Spain; (V.Á.-G.); (F.J.L.-R.)
| | - F. Javier López-Román
- Sports Physiology Department, Catholic University of Murcia (UCAM), 30107 Murcia, Spain; (V.Á.-G.); (F.J.L.-R.)
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | - Juan F. Menarguez-Puche
- Primary Care Health Center, Jesús Marín, Calle Enrique Bernal Capel, 4, Molina de Segura, 30500 Murcia, Spain;
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Schmidt G, Pichler S. General Self-Efficacy and Body Weight: The Role of Race and Gender. Psychol Rep 2020; 124:2476-2500. [PMID: 32998657 DOI: 10.1177/0033294120961072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Overweight and obesity have become a prominent concern for policymakers, the Surgeon General, scholars, and for work organizations. The estimated annual cost of obesity in terms of lost productivity is in the tens of billions of dollars, and the estimated annual medical cost of obesity is in the hundreds of millions of dollars. Psychologists have become increasingly interested in issues related to body weight, such as ways to help people reduce body weight. The aims of our study are twofold. First, based on social cognitive theory, we offer the first study of the relationship between general self-efficacy (GSE) and body weight based on a large, representative sample. Second, we also offer an understanding of the role of race and gender as potential boundary conditions of this relationship. Findings indicate that race moderates the relationship between GSE and body weight (both BMI and perceived weight) such that this relationship is positive for Blacks but negative for Whites. Gender did not moderate the relationship between GSE and body weight. These results suggest that body weight is unrelated to general self-efficacy in the population writ large and that body weight is differentially related to self-efficacy based on race but not gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon Schmidt
- Department of Organizational Leadership College of Engineering, Technology and Computer Science, Purdue University Fort Wayne, Fort Wayne, IN, USA
| | - Shaun Pichler
- Department of Management Mihaylo College of Business & Economics, CSUF Steven G Mihaylo College of Business and Economics, Fullerton, CA, USA
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Belvederi Murri M, Folesani F, Zerbinati L, Nanni MG, Ounalli H, Caruso R, Grassi L. Physical Activity Promotes Health and Reduces Cardiovascular Mortality in Depressed Populations: A Literature Overview. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E5545. [PMID: 32751902 PMCID: PMC7432205 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17155545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Major depression is associated with premature mortality, largely explained by heightened cardiovascular burden. This narrative review summarizes secondary literature (i.e., reviews and meta-analyses) on this topic, considering physical exercise as a potential tool to counteract this alarming phenomenon. Compared to healthy controls, individuals with depression consistently present heightened cardiovascular risk, including "classical" risk factors and dysregulation of pertinent homeostatic systems (immune system, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and autonomic nervous system). Ultimately, both genetic background and behavioral abnormalities contribute to explain the link between depression and cardiovascular mortality. Physical inactivity is particularly common in depressed populations and may represent an elective therapeutic target to address premature mortality. Exercise-based interventions, in fact, have proven effective reducing cardiovascular risk and mortality through different mechanisms, although evidence still needs to be replicated in depressed populations. Notably, exercise also directly improves depressive symptoms. Despite its potential, however, exercise remains under-prescribed to depressed individuals. Public health may be the ideal setting to develop and disseminate initiatives that promote the prescription and delivery of exercise-based interventions, with a particular focus on their cost-effectiveness.
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Hernández-Reyes A, Cámara-Martos F, Molina-Luque R, Moreno-Rojas R. Effect of an mHealth Intervention Using a Pedometer App With Full In-Person Counseling on Body Composition of Overweight Adults: Randomized Controlled Weight Loss Trial. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2020; 8:e16999. [PMID: 32348263 PMCID: PMC7287728 DOI: 10.2196/16999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In clinical practice, it is difficult to convey the benefits of sustained physical activity to adult patients with excess weight or obesity. For this purpose, a goal-setting walking prescription may be an effective strategy. Objective This study aimed to determine the efficacy of the intervention of a pedometer app in setting a goal to reach 10,000 steps per day in adults. Methods Overweight adults (n=98; mean body mass index 32.53 [SD 4.92] kg/m2) were randomized to one of two conditions (control or intervention). Both groups downloaded a pedometer app that recorded their daily step counts and were given a daily walking goal of 10,000 steps. Subjects participated in a 24-week in-person behavioral weight control program and were asked to monitor their daily levels using the pedometer app. Baseline data were recorded and followed up weekly. Only the intervention group had structured information delivery, a personalized physical activity prescription, and follow-up on number of steps per day. Results The results show that regardless of sex or age, prescribing walking increased the number of steps per day by 4806 step on average (standardized β coefficient=–0.813, SE=427.586, t=–11.242, P<.001). Conclusions These results could have implications for improving self-monitoring in overweight adults during periods of weight loss. Health professionals should analyze the implementation of tools that permit them to prescribe, follow up, and encourage the achievement of a goal of physical activity in overweight or obese patients. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03845478; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03845478
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Adenan DM, Jaafar Z, Jayapalan JJ, Abdul Aziz A. Plasma antioxidants and oxidative stress status in obese women: correlation with cardiopulmonary response. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9230. [PMID: 32477840 PMCID: PMC7243812 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A high body fat coupled with low cardiopulmonary fitness and an increase in oxidative stress has been connoted as contributing factors in developing cardiovascular comorbidities. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between antioxidants and oxidative stress status with cardiopulmonary responses in women of different body mass index (BMI). SUBJECTS AND METHODS Eighty female adults were recruited and divided into three groups; normal weight (n = 23), overweight (n = 28) and obese (n = 29), according to their BMI. Blood samples were obtained prior to cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Plasma samples were separated by centrifugation and analysed for enzymatic antioxidant activity including catalase, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase. Non-enzymatic antioxidant activities were assessed using 2, 2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging and ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) assays. To evaluate the oxidative stress status of subjects, levels of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde, the by-product of lipid peroxidation, were measured. Cardiopulmonary responses were analysed using cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) which involved 15 various parameters such as peak oxygen consumption, metabolic equivalents and respiratory exchange ratio. RESULTS The obese group had significantly lower ABTS radical scavenging and FRAP activities than the normal weight group. A higher catalase activity was observed in the obese group than the normal weight group. Spearman's correlation showed an inverse relationship between catalase and peak oxygen consumption, while partial correlation analysis showed inverse correlations between superoxide dismutase and respiratory frequency, ABTS activity and oxygen pulse, and between ABTS activity and cardiac output. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate a lower cardiovascular fitness and antioxidant capacity in obese women; the higher catalase activity may be a compensatory mechanism. The negative correlations found between these two parameters may indicate the potential effect of antioxidants on the cardiopulmonary system and deserve further analysis in a larger population. Nevertheless, this study provides the basis for future studies to further explore the relationships between redox status and cardiopulmonary responses. This can potentially be used to predict future risk of developing diseases associated with oxidative stress, especially pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dyg Mastura Adenan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zulkarnain Jaafar
- Department of Sports Medicine, University Malaya Medical Centre, Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Azlina Abdul Aziz
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Roloff ZA, Dicks ND, Krynski LM, Hartman ME, Ekkekakis P, Pettitt RW. Ratings of affective valence closely track changes in oxygen uptake: Application to high-intensity interval exercise. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.peh.2020.100158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Incidence of obesity, adiposity and physical activity pattern as risk factor in adults of Delhi, India. CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GLOBAL HEALTH 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cegh.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Billingsley HE, Rodriguez-Miguelez P, Del Buono MG, Abbate A, Lavie CJ, Carbone S. Lifestyle Interventions with a Focus on Nutritional Strategies to Increase Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Heart Failure, Obesity, Sarcopenia, and Frailty. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11122849. [PMID: 31766324 PMCID: PMC6950118 DOI: 10.3390/nu11122849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is an independent predictor for all-cause and disease-specific morbidity and mortality. CRF is a modifiable risk factor, and exercise training and increased physical activity, as well as targeted medical therapies, can improve CRF. Although nutrition is a modifiable risk factor for chronic noncommunicable diseases, little is known about the effect of dietary patterns and specific nutrients on modifying CRF. This review focuses specifically on trials that implemented dietary supplementation, modified dietary pattern, or enacted caloric restriction, with and without exercise training interventions, and subsequently measured the effect on peak oxygen consumption (VO2) or surrogate measures of CRF and functional capacity. Populations selected for this review are those recognized to have a reduced CRF, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, heart failure, obesity, sarcopenia, and frailty. We then summarize the state of existing knowledge and explore future directions of study in disease states recently recognized to have an abnormal CRF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley E. Billingsley
- Department of Internal Medicine, VCU Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA; (H.E.B.); (A.A.)
- Department of Kinesiology & Health Sciences, College of Humanities & Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA;
| | - Paula Rodriguez-Miguelez
- Department of Kinesiology & Health Sciences, College of Humanities & Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA;
| | - Marco Giuseppe Del Buono
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Antonio Abbate
- Department of Internal Medicine, VCU Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA; (H.E.B.); (A.A.)
| | - Carl J. Lavie
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Ochsner Clinical School, New Orleans, LA 70121, USA;
| | - Salvatore Carbone
- Department of Internal Medicine, VCU Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA; (H.E.B.); (A.A.)
- Department of Kinesiology & Health Sciences, College of Humanities & Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-804-628-3980
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Nyboe L, Lemcke S, Møller AV, Stubbs B. Non-pharmacological interventions for preventing weight gain in patients with first episode schizophrenia or bipolar disorder: A systematic review. Psychiatry Res 2019; 281:112556. [PMID: 31521840 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2019.112556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Weight gain is a side effect of antipsychotic medication and highly prevalent in people with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder, increasing their overall cardio-metabolic risk. We conducted a systematic review on non-pharmacological interventions for preventing/reducing weight gain or increase in waist-circumference in young, newly diagnosed patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. We searched major electronic databases from inception to 04/2019 on RCTs, pre- and post-test studies, and non-randomized controlled clinical trials. From a potential of 2963 hits, eight studies met the inclusion criteria (n = 438, mean age of 18.8 (13-45) years). The interventions comprised supervised and individually adjusted aerobic exercise activities (5 studies), individual lifestyle counselling vs. control condition (2 RCTs), and dietetic counselling and practical training of cooking and shopping (1 study). Physical activity and practical dietetic interventions seem to be more efficient than lifestyle counselling. However, the results shall be taken with caution due to the non-randomized designs and other methodologically deficits in the majority of the included studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lene Nyboe
- Aarhus University Hospital, Psychiatry, Department of Depression and Anxiety, Denmark.
| | - Sanne Lemcke
- Aarhus University Hospital, Psychiatry, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Denmark
| | | | - Brendon Stubbs
- Physiotherapy Department, South London and Maudsley National Health Services Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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Similar perceptual responses to reduced exertion high intensity interval training (REHIT) in adults differing in cardiorespiratory fitness. Physiol Behav 2019; 213:112687. [PMID: 31622613 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.112687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Reduced exertion high intensity interval training (REHIT) is an extremely low-volume approach of sprint interval exercise (SIE) that increases maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and reduces body fat. However, there are concerns regarding implementation of SIE including REHIT in untrained populations due to generation of supramaximal power outputs and potential feelings of displeasure. This study examined perceptual responses to a single REHIT session in adults with above (n = 43, VO2max = 41 ± 6 mL/kg/min) and below average VO2max (n = 42, VO2max = 33 ± 5 mL/kg/min). Initially, incremental exercise was completed to determine VO2max. Subsequently, participants completed REHIT consisting of two 20 s "all-out" sprints at resistance equal to 5 % body mass. Rating of perceived exertion (RPE), affective valence, and physical activity enjoyment (PACES) were determined. Tolerance and preference to exercise intensity were also measured to examine if they moderated the responses. Compared to participants with below average VO2max, those with above average VO2max revealed similar change in affective valence (p = 0.86), RPE (p = 0.41), and enjoyment (p = 0.64) despite attaining significantly higher peak and mean power output in response to REHIT. The lowest value of affective valence ranged from 1.0-1.5, representing "fairly good." Overall, one session of REHIT elicits positive affective valence and similar pleasure:displeasure and enjoyment responses in individuals having diverse cardiorespiratory fitness, although we recommend that REHIT should be individualized for each client as greater frequency of aversive responses was shown in our participants with low fitness.
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Mohajeri M, Hoojeghani S, Pourfarzi F, Ghahremanzadeh M, Barzegar A. Association between dietary diversity and obesity in Ardebil adults: a case-control study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1108/nfs-04-2019-0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PurposeObesity is a multi-factorial problem that develops from an interaction between diet, genetics, physical activity, medication, and other factors. This paper aims to examine the association between dietary diversity score (DDS) and obesity among adults of Ardebil.Design/methodology/approachThis case-control study was conducted on 204 cases (obese and overweight participants) and 204 controls (healthy weight individuals) matched by socioeconomic status (SES), age (older than 30 years) and sex. Dietary intake was assessed using a 24 h food recall questionnaire. Data on physical activity and socio-demographic variables were gathered. DDS was computed based on the scoring of the 14 food groups recommended by the Food and Agriculture organization guideline.FindingsThe DDS of the obese group was higher (5.02 ± 1.02) than that of the healthy weight group (4.23 ± 1.18) (p < 0.001). There was a significant association between DDS and body mass index (BMI) in both groups of study, but this association was more significant in the obese group (β= 0.501,p = 0.021) than that of healthy weight group (β= 0.413,p= 0.042). Vegetable food group score in both groups of the study was associated with obesity inversely (p < 0.05).Originality/valueThis study was conducted for the first time in Ardabil city and the results showed for the first time that there is a relationship between dietary diversity and obesity. People with a higher dietary diversity score are more likely to be obese. In fact, this study for the first time proved that people who are obese have a more varied diet but less vegetables and fruits.
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Silveira R, Prado RCR, Brietzke C, Coelho-Júnior HJ, Santos TM, Pires FO, Asano RY. Prefrontal cortex asymmetry and psychological responses to exercise: A systematic review. Physiol Behav 2019; 208:112580. [PMID: 31220517 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.112580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have shown a relationship between prefrontal cortex (PFC) activation asymmetry and psychological responses to exercise, so that a higher rest activation in left rather than right PFC has been associated with positive psychological responses to exercise such as an improved affect, anxiety and multidimensional arousal states. PURPOSE To review: 1) evidence that PFC activation asymmetry before exercise is associated with psychological responses to exercise; 2) protocols of PFC asymmetry determination. METHODS A systematic review (SR) was performed on studies retrieved from the PubMed and Web of Science database up to 04-30-2019. Eligibility criteria were: 1) studies investigating participants submitted to aerobic exercises; 2) including cerebral activation measures through electroencephalography (EEG) before the exercise bout; 3) and psychological measures during or after the exercise bout; 4) original studies. RESULTS A number of 1901 studies was retrieved from the databases and 1 study was manually inserted. Thereafter, 1858 studies were excluded during the screening stage so that 30 studies remained for the SR. After full reading, 22 studies were excluded and 8 studies composed the final SR. Methodological assessment revealed that 62.5% of the studies showed a low risk of bias, while 34.37% and 3.12% showed either an unclear or a high risk of bias, respectively. Protocols of PFC activation asymmetry used EEG at F3-F4-P3-P4 (3 studies), F3-F4 (2 studies), F3-F4-T3-T4 (1 study), F3-F4-F7-F8-T5-T6-P3-P4 (1 study) and Fp1-Fp2-Fz-F3-F4-F7-F8-Cz-C3-C4-T3-T4-T5-T6-Pz-P3-P4-Oz-O1-O2 (1 study) positions. Most studies (75%) found a higher left PFC activation associated with a greater affect (n = 2), energetic arousal (n = 2), lower anxiety (n = 2) as well as calmness and tired arousal, simultaneously (n = 1). CONCLUSIONS Although the heterogeneity of PFC asymmetry protocols, reviewed studies showed a low risk of bias, suggesting that a higher left PFC activation is associated with a positive psychological response to exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Silveira
- Exercise Psychophysiology Research Group, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, Arlindo Béttio Avenue, 1000, Ermelino Matarazzo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Raul Cosme Ramos Prado
- Exercise Psychophysiology Research Group, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, Arlindo Béttio Avenue, 1000, Ermelino Matarazzo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cayque Brietzke
- Exercise Psychophysiology Research Group, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, Arlindo Béttio Avenue, 1000, Ermelino Matarazzo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hélio José Coelho-Júnior
- Applied Kinesiology Laboratory, University of Campinas, Érico Veríssimo Avenue, 701, Barão Geraldo, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Tony Meireles Santos
- Performance and Health Research Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Prof. Moraes Rego Avenue, 1235 - Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Flávio Oliveira Pires
- Exercise Psychophysiology Research Group, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, Arlindo Béttio Avenue, 1000, Ermelino Matarazzo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Yukio Asano
- Exercise Psychophysiology Research Group, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, Arlindo Béttio Avenue, 1000, Ermelino Matarazzo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Pickering C, Kiely J. Exercise Response Efficiency: A Novel Way to Enhance Population Health? Lifestyle Genom 2019; 11:129-135. [PMID: 31302657 DOI: 10.1159/000501206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The rates of obesity and its related comorbidities have increased substantially over the last 30 years, with approximately 35% of all US adults now classified as obese. Whilst the causes of obesity are both complex and multifactorial, one contributor is a reduction in leisure time physical activity, with no concurrent reduction in energy intake. Physical activity interventions have been demonstrated to promote fat loss, yet more than 50% of US adults undertake no leisure time physical activity at all, with a lack of time and enjoyment often cited as the main drivers of rising inactivity levels. Furthermore, recent evidence has demonstrated that a sub-group of individuals may experience no improvement in a given fitness or health-related measure following a specific training programme, suggesting that there may be optimal exercise types for different groups of individuals. In this paper, we introduce the concept of exercise response efficiency, whereby individuals are matched to the training type from which they are most likely to derive the greatest improvements for the least time commitment. We propose that a more precise targeting of exercise interventions is likely to drive more rapid improvements in health, thereby promoting exercise adherence and enjoyment, whilst simultaneously reducing obesity and mortality risks. Such an innovation would, we suggest, confer important public health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig Pickering
- Institute of Coaching and Performance, School of Sport and Wellbeing, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, United Kingdom,
| | - John Kiely
- Institute of Coaching and Performance, School of Sport and Wellbeing, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, United Kingdom
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Jones L, Ekkekakis P. Affect and prefrontal hemodynamics during exercise under immersive audiovisual stimulation: Improving the experience of exercise for overweight adults. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2019; 8:325-338. [PMID: 31333885 PMCID: PMC6620430 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Research on methods of improving the affective experience of exercise remains limited, especially for low-active overweight adults. We investigated the effectiveness of a virtual-reality headset and headphones in improving affective responses over conventionally delivered audiovisual stimulation. METHODS Low-active, overweight adults (16 women, 5 men; age: 34.67 ± 9.62 years; body mass index: 28.56 ± 4.95 kg/m²; peak oxygen uptake for men: 29.14 ± 6.56 mL/kg/min, for women: 22.67 ± 4.52 mL/kg/min, mean ± SD) completed 15-min sessions of recumbent cycling at the ventilatory threshold: (a) high immersion (HI, virtual reality headset and headphones), (b) low immersion (LI, television screen and speakers), and (c) Control. During-exercise pleasure and post-exercise enjoyment were self-reported. Oxygenation of the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) was assessed with near infrared spectroscopy. RESULTS Higher pleasure was reported during HI than during LI and Control (Condition × Time interaction; p < 0.001, η p 2 = 0.43). Participants who reported a preference for low exercise intensity showed higher dlPFC oxygenation during Control, but this difference diminished during LI and HI (Condition × Time × Preference interaction; p = 0.036, ηp 2 = 0.10). CONCLUSION Compared with conventionally delivered audiovisual stimulation, using a virtual-reality headset strengthens the dissociative effect, further improving affective responses to exercise at the ventilatory threshold among overweight, low-active adults. Presumably by competing with interoceptive afferents at the level of sensory input, audiovisual stimulation may lessen reliance on cognitive efforts to attenuate declining affect, as indicated by lower right dlPFC activity, particularly among participants disinclined toward high exercise intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leighton Jones
- Academy of Sport and Physical Activity, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, S10 2BP, UK
- Corresponding author.
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Batrakoulis A, Fatouros IG, Chatzinikolaou A, Draganidis D, Georgakouli K, Papanikolaou K, Deli CK, Tsimeas P, Avloniti A, Syrou N, Jamurtas AZ. Dose-response effects of high-intensity interval neuromuscular exercise training on weight loss, performance, health and quality of life in inactive obese adults: Study rationale, design and methods of the DoIT trial. Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2019; 15:100386. [PMID: 31193901 PMCID: PMC6543184 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2019.100386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with high mortality and morbidity rates and low levels of quality of life among adults globally. It is critical to examine evidence-based practices for developing lifestyle behavioral changes such as physical movement and structured exercise training. The DoIT protocol, a high-intensity interval exercise training (HIIT) program, effectively reduces body mass, alters energy balance, and improves performance of obese adults with a high adherence rate. This study aims to determine the dose-response effects of the DoIT protocol on body composition, health, performance and quality of life in sedentary obese adults. This study will recruit 88 sedentary, obese males and females (BMI 25.0–34.9; 30–50 years) who will be randomly assigned to one of four groups: (i) control (n = 22), (ii) one session/week (n = 22), (iii) two sessions/week (n = 22) or (iv) three sessions/week (n = 22). DoIT will use a supervised, circuit-type (1–3 rounds), functional/neuromotor and progressive exercise program for 12 months. DoIT incorporates 8–12 multi-planar, fundamental and complex, whole body movements and uses bodyweight and alternative exercise modes as a resistance. DoIT utilizes prescribed work-to-rest ratios which will be varied every four weeks. Each session will last less than 30 min. DoIT will be implemented for a year and its effects on body mass and body composition, physical fitness, functional capacity, bone health, leptin, adiponectin, blood lipids, glycemic control, inflammation, oxidative stress and quality of life will be assessed. The outcomes of the proposed study will provide insight on optimal exercise prescription guidelines for such HIIT-type exercise protocols for overweight or obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexios Batrakoulis
- School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, Karies, Trikala, 42100, Greece
| | - Ioannis G Fatouros
- School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, Karies, Trikala, 42100, Greece
| | - Athanasios Chatzinikolaou
- School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, Komotini, 69100, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Draganidis
- School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, Karies, Trikala, 42100, Greece
| | - Kalliopi Georgakouli
- School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, Karies, Trikala, 42100, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Papanikolaou
- School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, Karies, Trikala, 42100, Greece
| | - Charikleia K Deli
- School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, Karies, Trikala, 42100, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Tsimeas
- School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, Karies, Trikala, 42100, Greece
| | - Alexandra Avloniti
- School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, Komotini, 69100, Greece
| | - Niki Syrou
- School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, Karies, Trikala, 42100, Greece
| | - Athanasios Z Jamurtas
- School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, Karies, Trikala, 42100, Greece
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