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Zhou C, Ding Y, Zang R. Compositional changes at neighborhood and stand scales during recovery of a tropical lowland rainforest after shifting cultivation on Hainan Island, China. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 351:119951. [PMID: 38171125 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Understanding compositional changes during secondary forest recovery is crucial for effective restoration efforts. While previous research has predominantly focused on shifts in species composition at the stand scale, this study delves into the recovery dynamics in three compositional aspects of location (neighbor distances), size (tree diameters), and species (tree species) at both stand and neighborhood scale. The investigation spans nine chronosequence plots within a tropical lowland rainforest ecosystem after shifting cultivation, including three each for young-secondary forests (18-30 years), old-secondary forests (60 years), and old-growth forests (without obvious human interference). The quantification of location, size, and species composition involved categorized neighbor distances (Near, Moderate, Far-distance), tree diameters (Small, Medium, Large-tree), and tree species (Pioneer, Intermediate, Climax-species) into three groups, respectively. Compositional changes at the stand scale (plot) were directly based on these groups, while at the neighborhood scale, assessment involved combination types of these groups within a neighborhood (comprising three adjacent trees). At the stand scale, neighbor distances shifted from Near to Moderate and Far, tree diameters transitioned from Small to Medium and Large, and tree species of Pioneer gave way to Climax. Meanwhile, at the neighborhood scale, there was a notable decline in the aggregations of Near-distance (N), Small-tree (S), and Pioneer-species (P), while the mixtures of Far and Moderate-distance (F-M), Large and Small-tree (L-S), and Climax and Intermediate-species (C-I) experienced a marked increase. The compositional change exhibited a recovery pattern, with the fastest recovery in neighbor distances, followed by tree diameters and tree species. Moreover, compositional recovery in tree diameters and tree species at the neighborhood scale generally lagged behind that at the stand scale. The study suggests that rapid restoration of secondary forest can be achieved by different targeted cutting according to the recovery stages, aimed at reduce the Pioneer-species, Small-tree and Near-distance in neighborhood. Our findings underscore that analyzing the compositional changes in three aspects at two scales not only provides a profound understanding of secondary forest recovery dynamics, but also offers valuable insights for guiding practices in the restoration of degraded forest ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaofan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China; Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Ding
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China; Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Runguo Zang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China; Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China.
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Chazdon RL, Norden N, Colwell RK, Chao A. Monitoring recovery of tree diversity during tropical forest restoration: lessons from long-term trajectories of natural regeneration. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2023; 378:20210069. [PMID: 36373917 PMCID: PMC9661944 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2021.0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the importance of species diversity as a tool for assessing recovery during forest regeneration and active restoration, robust approaches for assessing changes in tree species diversity over time are urgently needed. We assessed changes in tree species diversity during natural regeneration over 12-20 years in eight 1-ha monitoring plots in NE Costa Rica, six second-growth forests and two old-growth reference forests. We used diversity profiles to show successional trajectories in measures of observed, asymptotic and standardized tree diversity and evenness as well as sample completeness. We randomly subsampled 1-ha plot data to evaluate how well smaller spatial subsamples would have captured temporal trajectories. Annual surveys in eight 1-ha plots were missing substantial numbers of rare or infrequent species. Older second-growth sites showed consistent declines in tree diversity, whereas younger sites showed fluctuating patterns or increases. Subsample areas of 0.5 ha or greater were sufficient to infer the diversity of abundant species, but smaller subsamples failed to capture temporal trajectories of species richness and yielded positively biased estimates of evenness. In tropical forest regions with high levels of diversity, species diversity from small sample plots should be assessed using methods that incorporate abundance information and that standardize for sample coverage. This article is part of the theme issue 'Understanding forest landscape restoration: reinforcing scientific foundations for the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin L. Chazdon
- Tropical Forest and People Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, 4556 Queensland, Australia,Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CO 06269, USA
| | - Natalia Norden
- Programa Ciencias Básicas de la Biodiversidad, Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Robert K. Colwell
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CO 06269, USA,University of Colorado Museum of Natural History, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Anne Chao
- Institute of Statistics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsin Chu, Taiwan, 30043
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3
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Pulido-Chavez MF, Randolph JWJ, Zalman C, Larios L, Homyak PM, Glassman SI. Rapid bacterial and fungal successional dynamics in first year after chaparral wildfire. Mol Ecol 2022; 32:1685-1707. [PMID: 36579900 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The rise in wildfire frequency and severity across the globe has increased interest in secondary succession. However, despite the role of soil microbial communities in controlling biogeochemical cycling and their role in the regeneration of post-fire vegetation, the lack of measurements immediately post-fire and at high temporal resolution has limited understanding of microbial secondary succession. To fill this knowledge gap, we sampled soils at 17, 25, 34, 67, 95, 131, 187, 286, and 376 days after a southern California wildfire in fire-adapted chaparral shrublands. We assessed bacterial and fungal biomass with qPCR of 16S and 18S and richness and composition with Illumina MiSeq sequencing of 16S and ITS2 amplicons. Fire severely reduced bacterial biomass by 47%, bacterial richness by 46%, fungal biomass by 86%, and fungal richness by 68%. The burned bacterial and fungal communities experienced rapid succession, with 5-6 compositional turnover periods. Analogous to plants, turnover was driven by "fire-loving" pyrophilous microbes, many of which have been previously found in forests worldwide and changed markedly in abundance over time. Fungal secondary succession was initiated by the Basidiomycete yeast Geminibasidium, which traded off against the filamentous Ascomycetes Pyronema, Aspergillus, and Penicillium. For bacteria, the Proteobacteria Massilia dominated all year, but the Firmicute Bacillus and Proteobacteria Noviherbaspirillum increased in abundance over time. Our high-resolution temporal sampling allowed us to capture post-fire microbial secondary successional dynamics and suggest that putative tradeoffs in thermotolerance, colonization, and competition among dominant pyrophilous microbes control microbial succession with possible implications for ecosystem function.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fabiola Pulido-Chavez
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - James W J Randolph
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Cassandra Zalman
- Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, Orange, California, USA
| | - Loralee Larios
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Peter M Homyak
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Sydney I Glassman
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
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4
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Nooten SS, Guénard B. Ant communities in disturbed subtropical landscapes: is climate more important than stochastic processes? Oecologia 2022; 200:441-454. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-022-05276-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Vanderlei RS, Barros MF, Leal IR, Tabarelli M. Impoverished woody seedling assemblages and the regeneration of Caatinga dry forest in a human‐modified landscape. Biotropica 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.13081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Renato Soares Vanderlei
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Biologia Vegetal Federal University of Pernambuco Recife Brasil
| | - Maria Fabíola Barros
- Programa de Capacitação Institucional (PCI) Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi Belém Brasil
| | - Inara R. Leal
- Botany Department Federal University of Pernambuco Recife Brasil
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Li T, Wu M, Duan C, Li S, Liu C. The effect of different restoration approaches on vegetation development in metal mines. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:150626. [PMID: 34597554 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mining is the most destructive human activity towards ecosystems through changing the terrain, substrate properties, and vegetation community structure. Vegetation succession, the theoretical basis of restoration, is influenced by site conditions and anthropogenic intervention. In order to provide general practical applications for mine restoration, it is critical to identify the optimal intervention that promotes succession, and the influence of climates. Here, we hypothesized that high-intervention contributes to positive characteristics and more successful succession, while increasing climatic severity presents negative characteristics and succession is hard to succeed. In this study, we collected 55 global studies (n = 804) on the vegetation succession of abandoned metal mines, and evaluated the ecological characteristics and successional trends under spontaneous succession and anthropogenic intervention conditions by conducting meta-analyses. Furthermore, we considered factors that may affect the vegetation succession after closing mines, including geological conditions, mining area (area of degraded land in mine field) and mining time (duration of mining operations). Species richness and evenness increased with the age of succession under low- and non- intervention conditions, while coverage increased under high-intervention, and species diversity decreased significantly with increasing mining time in cold areas. There were significant differences in succession trends under different climate types. The vegetation structure was more likely to develop towards the target vegetation in megathermal and mesothermal than in microthermal regions. We contend that a low level of intervention can help succession, while high-intervention will not. Vegetation succession can be achieved more easily with less climatic severity, and the reduction of large-scale mining processes (area and time) can increase vegetation evenness, especially for continental or microthermal regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science & Yunnan Key Laboratory for Plateau Mountain Ecology and Restoration of Degraded Environments, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Minghui Wu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Changqun Duan
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science & Yunnan Key Laboratory for Plateau Mountain Ecology and Restoration of Degraded Environments, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China.
| | - Shiyu Li
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science & Yunnan Key Laboratory for Plateau Mountain Ecology and Restoration of Degraded Environments, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Chang'e Liu
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science & Yunnan Key Laboratory for Plateau Mountain Ecology and Restoration of Degraded Environments, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
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7
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A Review of Forest Ecosystem Vulnerability and Resilience: Implications for the Rocky Desertification Control. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su132111849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
With a changing climate and socio-economic development, ecological problems are increasingly serious, research on ecosystem vulnerability and ecological resilience has become a hot topic of study for various institutions. Forests, the “lungs of the earth”, have also been damaged to varying degrees. In recent years, scholars have conducted numerous studies on the vulnerability and resilience of forest ecosystems, but there is a lack of a systematic elaboration of them. The results of a statistical analysis of 217 related documents show: (1) the number of studies published rises wave upon wave in time series, which indicates that this area of study is still at the stage of rising; (2) the research content is concentrated in four dimensions—ecosystem vulnerability assessment, ecosystem vulnerability model prediction, ecological resilience, and management strategies—among which the ecosystem vulnerability assessment research content mainly discusses the evaluation methods and models; (3) the research areas are mainly concentrated in China and the United States, with different degrees of distribution in European countries; and (4) the research institutions are mainly the educational institutions and forestry bureaus in various countries. In addition, this paper also reveals the frontier theory of forest ecosystem vulnerability and resilience research from three aspects—theoretical research, index system, and technical methods—puts forward the problems of current research, and suggests that a universally applicable framework for forest ecosystem vulnerability and resilience research should be built in the future, and theoretical research should be strengthened to comprehensively understand the characteristics of forest ecosystems so that sustainable management strategies can be proposed according to local conditions.
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8
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Arnold H, Deacon AE, Hulme MF, Sansom A, Jaggernauth D, Magurran AE. Contrasting trends in biodiversity of birds and trees during succession following cacao agroforest abandonment. J Appl Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haley Arnold
- School of Biology University of St Andrews St Andrews UK
| | - Amy E. Deacon
- Department of Life Sciences The University of the West Indies St Augustine Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Mark F. Hulme
- Department of Life Sciences The University of the West Indies St Augustine Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Alex Sansom
- Trinidad and Tobago Field Naturalists’ Club Port of Spain Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Dan Jaggernauth
- Trinidad and Tobago Field Naturalists’ Club Port of Spain Trinidad and Tobago
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9
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A Remote Sensing Approach to Understanding Patterns of Secondary Succession in Tropical Forest. REMOTE SENSING 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/rs13112148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring biodiversity on a global scale is a major challenge for biodiversity conservation. Field assessments commonly used to assess patterns of biodiversity and habitat condition are costly, challenging, and restricted to small spatial scales. As ecosystems face increasing anthropogenic pressures, it is important that we find ways to assess patterns of biodiversity more efficiently. Remote sensing has the potential to support understanding of landscape-level ecological processes. In this study, we considered cacao agroforests at different stages of secondary succession, and primary forest in the Northern Range of Trinidad, West Indies. We assessed changes in tree biodiversity over succession using both field data, and data derived from remote sensing. We then evaluated the strengths and limitations of each method, exploring the potential for expanding field data by using remote sensing techniques to investigate landscape-level patterns of forest condition and regeneration. Remote sensing and field data provided different insights into tree species compositional changes, and patterns of alpha- and beta-diversity. The results highlight the potential of remote sensing for detecting patterns of compositional change in forests, and for expanding on field data in order to better understand landscape-level patterns of forest diversity.
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10
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Extensive clonal propagation and resprouting drive the regeneration of a Brazilian dry forest. JOURNAL OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1017/s0266467421000079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractWoody plant resprouting has received considerable attention in the last two decades as human disturbances continue to encroach on terrestrial ecosystems globally. We examined the regeneration mechanisms of a Caatinga dry forest in the context of slash-and-burn agriculture and resprouting ability of the local flora. We excavated two old fields (from 32) experiencing early forest regeneration dominated by the tree Pityrocarpa moniliformis (Fabaceae) to map clonal propagation and, in parallel, submitted 260 seedlings from 13 woody plant species to experimental clipping. What seemed to be ‘seedlings’ popping up around P. moniliformis stumps and remaining adults actually were condensed sets of root suckers connected via complex networks of long, ramified shallow horizontal roots without taproots. We mapped respectively 39 and 783 connected root suckers, which summed 96 m and 910 m in root length. Regarding the seedlings, 33% resprouted across nine species with resprouting rates varying between 5–100%. Seedling height before clipping positively influenced resprouting vigour. Our preliminary results suggest that the Caatinga dry forest supports a relatively high proportion of resprouting species, some of them able to clonally propagate and playing an ecosystem-level role by responding to early forest regeneration and high abundance/biomass across both regenerating and old-growth forests.
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11
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Jakovac CC, Junqueira AB, Crouzeilles R, Peña-Claros M, Mesquita RCG, Bongers F. The role of land-use history in driving successional pathways and its implications for the restoration of tropical forests. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 96:1114-1134. [PMID: 33709566 PMCID: PMC8360101 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Secondary forests are increasingly important components of human‐modified landscapes in the tropics. Successional pathways, however, can vary enormously across and within landscapes, with divergent regrowth rates, vegetation structure and species composition. While climatic and edaphic conditions drive variations across regions, land‐use history plays a central role in driving alternative successional pathways within human‐modified landscapes. How land use affects succession depends on its intensity, spatial extent, frequency, duration and management practices, and is mediated by a complex combination of mechanisms acting on different ecosystem components and at different spatial and temporal scales. We review the literature aiming to provide a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms underlying the long‐lasting effects of land use on tropical forest succession and to discuss its implications for forest restoration. We organize it following a framework based on the hierarchical model of succession and ecological filtering theory. This review shows that our knowledge is mostly derived from studies in Neotropical forests regenerating after abandonment of shifting cultivation or pasture systems. Vegetation is the ecological component assessed most often. Little is known regarding how the recovery of belowground processes and microbiota communities is affected by previous land‐use history. In published studies, land‐use history has been mostly characterized by type, without discrimination of intensity, extent, duration or frequency. We compile and discuss the metrics used to describe land‐use history, aiming to facilitate future studies. The literature shows that (i) species availability to succession is affected by transformations in the landscape that affect dispersal, and by management practices and seed predation, which affect the composition and diversity of propagules on site. Once a species successfully reaches an abandoned field, its establishment and performance are dependent on resistance to management practices, tolerance to (modified) soil conditions, herbivory, competition with weeds and invasive species, and facilitation by remnant trees. (ii) Structural and compositional divergences at early stages of succession remain for decades, suggesting that early communities play an important role in governing further ecosystem functioning and processes during succession. Management interventions at early stages could help enhance recovery rates and manipulate successional pathways. (iii) The combination of local and landscape conditions defines the limitations to succession and therefore the potential for natural regeneration to restore ecosystem properties effectively. The knowledge summarized here could enable the identification of conditions in which natural regeneration could efficiently promote forest restoration, and where specific management practices are required to foster succession. Finally, characterization of the landscape context and previous land‐use history is essential to understand the limitations to succession and therefore to define cost‐effective restoration strategies. Advancing knowledge on these two aspects is key for finding generalizable relations that will increase the predictability of succession and the efficiency of forest restoration under different landscape contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina C Jakovac
- International Institute for Sustainability, Estrada Dona Castorina, 124, Rio de Janeiro, 22460-320, Brazil.,Forest Ecology and Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, 6700 AA, The Netherlands
| | - André B Junqueira
- International Institute for Sustainability, Estrada Dona Castorina, 124, Rio de Janeiro, 22460-320, Brazil.,Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Carrer de les Columnes s/n, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Renato Crouzeilles
- International Institute for Sustainability, Estrada Dona Castorina, 124, Rio de Janeiro, 22460-320, Brazil.,International Institute for Sustainability Australia, Canberra, ACT, 2602, Australia.,Mestrado Profissional em Ciências do Meio Ambiente, Universidade Veiga de Almeida, Rio de Janeiro, 20271-901, Brazil
| | - Marielos Peña-Claros
- Forest Ecology and Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, 6700 AA, The Netherlands
| | - Rita C G Mesquita
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Manaus, 69083-000, Brazil
| | - Frans Bongers
- Forest Ecology and Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, 6700 AA, The Netherlands
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12
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Araia MG, Chirwa PW, Syampungani S. Do strictly protected areas protect vulnerable local tree species better than human land use? Disentangling conservation value from biodiversity value. J Nat Conserv 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnc.2020.125919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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13
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Saenz-Pedroza I, Feldman R, Reyes-García C, Meave JA, Calvo-Irabien LM, May-Pat F, Dupuy JM. Seasonal and successional dynamics of size-dependent plant demographic rates in a tropical dry forest. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9636. [PMID: 32983631 PMCID: PMC7497611 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Tropical forests are globally important for biodiversity conservation and climate change mitigation but are being converted to other land uses. Conversion of seasonally dry tropical forests (SDTF) is particularly high while their protection is low. Secondary succession allows forests to recover their structure, diversity and composition after conversion and subsequent abandonment and is influenced by demographic rates of the constituent species. However, how these rates vary between seasons for different plant sizes at different successional stages in SDTF is not known. The effect of seasonal drought may be more severe early in succession, when temperature and radiation are high, while competition and density-dependent processes may be more important at later stages, when vegetation is tall and dense. Besides, the effects of seasonality and successional stage may vary with plant size. Large plants can better compete with small plants for limiting resources and may also have a greater capacity to withstand stress. We asked how size-dependent density, species density, recruitment and mortality varied between seasons and successional stages in a SDTF. We monitored a chronosequence in Yucatan, Mexico, over six years in three 0.1 ha plots in each of three successional stages: early (3–5 years-old), intermediate (18–20 years-old) and advanced (>50 years-old). Recruitment, mortality and species gain and loss rates were calculated from wet and dry season censuses separately for large (diameter > 5 cm) and small (1–5 cm in diameter) plants. We used linear mixed-effects models to assess the effects of successional stage, seasonality and their changes through time on demographic rates and on plant and species density. Seasonality affected demographic rates and density of large plants, which exhibited high wet-season recruitment and species gain rates at the early stage and high wet-season mortality at the intermediate stage, resulting in an increase in plant and species density early in succession followed by a subsequent stabilization. Small plant density decreased steadily after only 5 years of land abandonment, whereas species density increased with successional stage. A decline in species dominance may be responsible for these contrasting patterns. Seasonality, successional stage and their changes through time had a stronger influence on large plants, likely because of large among-plot variation of small plants. Notwithstanding the short duration of our study, our results suggest that climate-change driven decreases in rainy season precipitation may have an influence on successional dynamics in our study forest as strong as, or even stronger than, prolonged or severe droughts during the dry season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irving Saenz-Pedroza
- Unidad de Recursos Naturales, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Richard Feldman
- Unidad de Recursos Naturales, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Casandra Reyes-García
- Unidad de Recursos Naturales, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Jorge A Meave
- Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Luz Maria Calvo-Irabien
- Unidad de Recursos Naturales, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Filogonio May-Pat
- Unidad de Recursos Naturales, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Juan M Dupuy
- Unidad de Recursos Naturales, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México
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14
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Mesa-Sierra N, Laborde J, Escobar F. Seasonally dry tropical forests of the Gulf of Mexico: A degraded landscape undergoing homogenization or a promising, resilient reservoir? ACTA OECOLOGICA 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2020.103583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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15
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Fremout T, Thomas E, Gaisberger H, Van Meerbeek K, Muenchow J, Briers S, Gutierrez-Miranda CE, Marcelo-Peña JL, Kindt R, Atkinson R, Cabrera O, Espinosa CI, Aguirre-Mendoza Z, Muys B. Mapping tree species vulnerability to multiple threats as a guide to restoration and conservation of tropical dry forests. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:3552-3568. [PMID: 32020698 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the vulnerability of tree species to anthropogenic threats is important for the efficient planning of restoration and conservation efforts. We quantified and compared the effects of future climate change and four current threats (fire, habitat conversion, overgrazing and overexploitation) on the 50 most common tree species of the tropical dry forests of northwestern Peru and southern Ecuador. We used an ensemble modelling approach to predict species distribution ranges, employed freely accessible spatial datasets to map threat exposures, and developed a trait-based scoring approach to estimate species-specific sensitivities, using differentiated trait weights in accordance with their expected importance in determining species sensitivities to specific threats. Species-specific vulnerability maps were constructed from the product of the exposure maps and the sensitivity estimates. We found that all 50 species face considerable threats, with an average of 46% of species' distribution ranges displaying high or very high vulnerability to at least one of the five threats. Our results suggest that current levels of habitat conversion, overexploitation and overgrazing pose larger threats to most of the studied species than climate change. We present a spatially explicit planning strategy for species-specific restoration and conservation actions, proposing management interventions to focus on (a) in situ conservation of tree populations and seed collection for tree planting activities in areas with low vulnerability to climate change and current threats; (b) ex situ conservation or translocation of populations in areas with high climate change vulnerability; and (c) active planting or assisted regeneration in areas under high current threat vulnerability but low climate change vulnerability, provided that interventions are in place to lower threat pressure. We provide an online, user-friendly tool to visualize both the vulnerability maps and the maps indicating priority restoration and conservation actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Fremout
- Division of Forest, Nature and Landscape, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Alliance Bioversity International - CIAT, Lima, Peru
| | - Evert Thomas
- Alliance Bioversity International - CIAT, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Koenraad Van Meerbeek
- Division of Forest, Nature and Landscape, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jannes Muenchow
- Institute of Geography, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Siebe Briers
- Division of Forest, Nature and Landscape, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | - Omar Cabrera
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja, Ecuador
| | - Carlos I Espinosa
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja, Ecuador
| | | | - Bart Muys
- Division of Forest, Nature and Landscape, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Nikinmaa L, Lindner M, Cantarello E, Jump AS, Seidl R, Winkel G, Muys B. Reviewing the Use of Resilience Concepts in Forest Sciences. CURRENT FORESTRY REPORTS 2020; 6:61-80. [PMID: 35747899 PMCID: PMC7612878 DOI: 10.1007/s40725-020-00110-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Resilience is a key concept to deal with an uncertain future in forestry. In recent years, it has received increasing attention from both research and practice. However, a common understanding of what resilience means in a forestry context and how to operationalise it is lacking. Here, we conducted a systematic review of the recent forest science literature on resilience in the forestry context, synthesizing how resilience is defined and assessed. RECENT FINDINGS Based on a detailed review of 255 studies, we analysed how the concepts of engineering resilience, ecological resilience and social-ecological resilience are used in forest sciences. A clear majority of the studies applied the concept of engineering resilience, quantifying resilience as the recovery time after a disturbance. The two most used indicators for engineering resilience were basal area increment and vegetation cover, whereas ecological resilience studies frequently focus on vegetation cover and tree density. In contrast, important social-ecological resilience indicators used in the literature are socioeconomic diversity and stock of natural resources. In the context of global change, we expected an increase in studies adopting the more holistic social-ecological resilience concept, but this was not the observed trend. SUMMARY Our analysis points to the nestedness of these three resilience concepts, suggesting that they are complementary rather than contradictory. It also means that the variety of resilience approaches does not need to be an obstacle for operationalisation of the concept. We provide guidance for choosing the most suitable resilience concept and indicators based on the management, disturbance and application context.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Nikinmaa
- European Forest Institute, Platz der Vereinten Nationen 7, 53113 Bonn, Germany
- Division of Forest, Nature and Landscape, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200E, Box 2411, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - M. Lindner
- European Forest Institute, Platz der Vereinten Nationen 7, 53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - E. Cantarello
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Bournemouth University, Poole BH12 5BB, UK
| | - A. S. Jump
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK
| | - R. Seidl
- Institute of Silviculture, Department of Forest- and Soil Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences in Vienna, Peter Jordan Str. 82, 1190 Vienna, Austria
- Ecosystem Dynamics and Forest Management Group, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - G. Winkel
- European Forest Institute, Platz der Vereinten Nationen 7, 53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - B. Muys
- Division of Forest, Nature and Landscape, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200E, Box 2411, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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17
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Quisehuatl‐Medina A, Averett JP, Endress BA, Lopez‐Toledo L. Removal of cattle accelerates tropical dry forest succession in Northwestern Mexico. Biotropica 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdieel Quisehuatl‐Medina
- Instituto de Investigaciones sobre los Recursos Naturales Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo Morelia México
| | - Joshua P. Averett
- Eastern Oregon Agriculture Research Center – Union Station Oregon State University La Grande OR USA
| | - Bryan A. Endress
- Eastern Oregon Agriculture Research Center – Union Station Oregon State University La Grande OR USA
- Division of Applied Plant Ecology Institute for Conservation Research San Diego Zoo Global Escondido CA USA
| | - Leonel Lopez‐Toledo
- Instituto de Investigaciones sobre los Recursos Naturales Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo Morelia México
- Eastern Oregon Agriculture Research Center – Union Station Oregon State University La Grande OR USA
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18
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Contrasting the Effect of Forest Landscape Condition to the Resilience of Species Diversity in a Human Modified Landscape: Implications for the Conservation of Tree Species. LAND 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/land9010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Using landscape moderation insurance and Intermediate Disturbance Hypothesis (IDH) as frameworks, this study assessed the response of local assemblage among different land use regimes (mean β-diversity), using the Jaccard dissimilarity matrix in contrasting Human Modified Forest Landscapes (HMFLs). The study was conducted at the relatively simplified Mafhela Forest Reserve and the complex Thathe Vondo Forest Reserve in South Africa. The patterns of overall β-diversity between HMFL and State-protected Indigenous Forests (SIF) were compared and the leading change drivers were then untangled. This study found that human disturbance affects mean β-diversity of local assemblages among land use regimes between the two HMFLs in an ecologically contrasting manner. The HMFL in Mafhela Forest Reserve had distinct local assemblages among land use regimes and did not conform to the expectation of IDH. On average, HMFL had the same average local species richness as SIF, mainly due to change in species composition (species replacement) induced by land use disturbance. Land use intensity gradient was the leading change driver to explain the overall β-diversity of the Mafhela Forest Reserve. The findings in the Thathe Vondo Forest Reserve were in contrast with the Mafhela Forest Reserve. Although on average the HMFL had the same local species richness as SIFs, this was mainly due to a trade-off of species gain in trees along the rivers and streams and species loss in Culturally Protected Areas (sacred forests) (CPA) as expected by IDH. The contrasting findings imply that the effectiveness of any alternative conservation strategy is context-dependent. The resilience of local assemblages and conservation value of HMFL depends on the condition of the overall forest landscape complexity and cannnot be captured by one theory, nor by one species diversity matrix (e.g., β-diversity or Richness). It thus demands the application of complementary theoretical frameworks and multilevel modeling.
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19
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Ibáñez I, Acharya K, Juno E, Karounos C, Lee BR, McCollum C, Schaffer-Morrison S, Tourville J. Forest resilience under global environmental change: Do we have the information we need? A systematic review. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222207. [PMID: 31513607 PMCID: PMC6742408 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The capacity of forests to recover after disturbance, i.e., their resilience, determines their ability to persist and function over time. Many variables, natural and managerial, affect forest resilience. Thus, understanding their effects is critical for the development of sound forest conservation and management strategies, especially in the context of ongoing global environmental changes. We conducted a representative review, meta-analysis, of the forest literature in this topic (search terms “forest AND resilience”). We aimed to identify natural conditions that promote or jeopardize resilience, assess the efficacy of post-disturbance management practices on forest recovery, and evaluate forest resilience under current environmental changes. We surveyed more than 2,500 articles and selected the 156 studies (724 observations) that compared and quantified forest recovery after disturbance under different contexts. Context of recovery included: resource gradients (moisture and fertility), post-disturbance biomass reduction treatments, species richness gradients, incidence of a second disturbance, and disturbance severity. Metrics of recovery varied from individual tree growth and reproduction, to population abundance, to species richness and cover. Analyses show management practices only favored recovery through increased reproduction (seed production) and abundance of recruitment stages. Higher moisture conditions favored recovery, particularly in dry temperate regions; and in boreal forests, this positive effect increased with regional humidity. Biomass reduction treatments were only effective in increasing resilience after a drought. Early recruiting plant stages benefited from increased severity, while disturbance severity was associated with lower recovery of remaining adult trees. This quantitative review provides insight into the natural conditions and management practices under which forest resilience is enhanced and highlights conditions that could jeopardize future resilience. We also identified important knowledge gaps, such as the role of diversity in determining forest resilience and the lack of data in many regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Ibáñez
- School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Kirk Acharya
- School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Edith Juno
- School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Christopher Karounos
- School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Benjamin R. Lee
- School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Caleb McCollum
- School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Samuel Schaffer-Morrison
- School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Jordon Tourville
- School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
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20
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González-Esquivel JG, Cuevas-Reyes P, González-Rodríguez A, Ávila-Cabadilla LD, Álvarez-Añorve MY, Fagundes M, Maldonado-López Y. Functional attributes of two Croton species in different successional stages of tropical dry forest: effects on herbivory and fluctuating asymmetry patterns. Trop Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s42965-019-00027-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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21
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Brando PM, Silvério D, Maracahipes-Santos L, Oliveira-Santos C, Levick SR, Coe MT, Migliavacca M, Balch JK, Macedo MN, Nepstad DC, Maracahipes L, Davidson E, Asner G, Kolle O, Trumbore S. Prolonged tropical forest degradation due to compounding disturbances: Implications for CO 2 and H 2 O fluxes. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2019; 25:2855-2868. [PMID: 31237398 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Drought, fire, and windstorms can interact to degrade tropical forests and the ecosystem services they provide, but how these forests recover after catastrophic disturbance events remains relatively unknown. Here, we analyze multi-year measurements of vegetation dynamics and function (fluxes of CO2 and H2 O) in forests recovering from 7 years of controlled burns, followed by wind disturbance. Located in southeast Amazonia, the experimental forest consists of three 50-ha plots burned annually, triennially, or not at all from 2004 to 2010. During the subsequent 6-year recovery period, postfire tree survivorship and biomass sharply declined, with aboveground C stocks decreasing by 70%-94% along forest edges (0-200 m into the forest) and 36%-40% in the forest interior. Vegetation regrowth in the forest understory triggered partial canopy closure (70%-80%) from 2010 to 2015. The composition and spatial distribution of grasses invading degraded forest evolved rapidly, likely because of the delayed mortality. Four years after the experimental fires ended (2014), the burned plots assimilated 36% less carbon than the Control, but net CO2 exchange and evapotranspiration (ET) had fully recovered 7 years after the experimental fires ended (2017). Carbon uptake recovery occurred largely in response to increased light-use efficiency and reduced postfire respiration, whereas increased water use associated with postfire growth of new recruits and remaining trees explained the recovery in ET. Although the effects of interacting disturbances (e.g., fires, forest fragmentation, and blowdown events) on mortality and biomass persist over many years, the rapid recovery of carbon and water fluxes can help stabilize local climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo M Brando
- Woods Hole Research Center, Falmouth, Massachusetts
- Instituto de Pesquisa Ambiental da Amazônia (IPAM), Brasília, Brazil
| | - Divino Silvério
- Instituto de Pesquisa Ambiental da Amazônia (IPAM), Brasília, Brazil
- Ecology Department, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | | | - Claudinei Oliveira-Santos
- Instituto de Pesquisa Ambiental da Amazônia (IPAM), Brasília, Brazil
- Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Shaun R Levick
- Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia
- CSIRO Tropical Ecosystems Research Centre, Darwin, NT, Australia
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | | | | | - Jennifer K Balch
- Geography Department, University of Colorado-Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Marcia N Macedo
- Woods Hole Research Center, Falmouth, Massachusetts
- Instituto de Pesquisa Ambiental da Amazônia (IPAM), Brasília, Brazil
| | | | | | - Eric Davidson
- Appalachian Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Frostburg, Maryland
| | - Gregory Asner
- Center for Global Discovery and Conservation Science, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
| | - Olaf Kolle
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
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22
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Relationships between soil seed bank composition and standing vegetation along chronosequences in a tropical dry forest in north-eastern Brazil. JOURNAL OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1017/s0266467419000130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractTo better understand the role of seed banks in ecological succession of dry forests, we compared similarities between vegetation and seed banks and assessed the relative contributions of seed dispersal and persistence in chronosequences in the Brazilian semi-arid region. To sample the standing vegetation and the seed bank, we collected data in three sites with three successional ages in each one (5 y, 25 y and 45 y). A total of 180 soil samples (three sites × three successional ages × 10 plots × two components) were collected. The composition of the seed bank was assessed by the seedling emergence method. Of 166 species identified in the standing vegetation, only 50 (30.1%) were also present in the seed bank, resulting in low similarity (Jaccard index = 0.02–0.21) and reflecting the rarity of woody species and the dominance of annuals (71% of richness). The relative importance of seed persistence and seed dispersal to seed banks composition were balanced in most cases (difference was not rejected in four out six comparisons). Those results suggest that seed banks in tropical dry forests are largely the result of high dispersal rates and the persistence of allochthonous annual species that contribute to decoupling seed bank and vegetation composition.
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23
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Tropical Dry Forest Diversity, Climatic Response, and Resilience in a Changing Climate. FORESTS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/f10050443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Central and South America tropical dry forest (TDF) is a water-limited biome with a high number of endemic species and numerous ecosystem services which has experienced a boom in research in the last decade. Although the number of case studies across these seasonal, water-limited, tropical forests has increased, there has not been a comprehensive review to assess the physiological variability of this biome across the continent and assess how these forests respond to climatic variables. Additionally, understanding forest change and resilience under climatic variability, currently and in the future, is essential for assessing the future extent and health of forests in the future. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to provide a literature review on the variability of TDF diversity and structure across a latitudinal gradient and to assess how these components respond to differences in climatic variables across this geographic area. We first assess the current state of understanding of the structure, biomass, phenological cycles, and successional stages across the latitudinal gradient. We subsequently review the response of these five areas to differences in precipitation, temperature, and extreme weather events, such as droughts and hurricanes. We find that there is a range of adaptability to precipitation, with many areas exhibiting drought tolerance except under the most extreme circumstances, while being susceptible to damage from increased extreme precipitation events. Finally, we use this climatic response to provide a commentary on the projected resilience of TDFs under climatic changes, finding a likelihood of resilience under drying scenarios, although model projections do not agree on the magnitude or direction of precipitation change. This review of quantitative studies will provide more concrete details on the current diversity that encompasses the TDF, the natural climatic ranges under which this ecosystem can survive and thrive, and can help inform future forest management practices under climate change scenarios.
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24
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Bauters M, Vercleyen O, Vanlauwe B, Six J, Bonyoma B, Badjoko H, Hubau W, Hoyt A, Boudin M, Verbeeck H, Boeckx P. Long‐term recovery of the functional community assembly and carbon pools in an African tropical forest succession. Biotropica 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marijn Bauters
- Isotope Bioscience Laboratory—ISOFYSDepartment of Green Chemistry and TechnologyFaculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent University Gent Belgium
- Computational and Applied Vegetation Ecology—CAVElabDepartment of EnvironmentFaculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent University Gent Belgium
- Meise Botanic Garden, Domein Bouchout Meise Belgium
| | - Oscar Vercleyen
- Isotope Bioscience Laboratory—ISOFYSDepartment of Green Chemistry and TechnologyFaculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent University Gent Belgium
| | - Bernard Vanlauwe
- Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research—CGIAR, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture–IITA Nairobi Kenya
| | - Johan Six
- Sustainable Agroecosystems GroupDepartment of Environmental Systems ScienceETH Zürich Zürich Switzerland
| | - Bernard Bonyoma
- Institut National pour l'Etude et la Recherche Agronomique—INERA Yangambi Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Henri Badjoko
- Institut National pour l'Etude et la Recherche Agronomique—INERA Yangambi Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Wannes Hubau
- Service of Wood BiologyRoyal Museum for Central Africa Tervuren Belgium
| | - Alison Hoyt
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry Jena Germany
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California
| | | | - Hans Verbeeck
- Computational and Applied Vegetation Ecology—CAVElabDepartment of EnvironmentFaculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent University Gent Belgium
| | - Pascal Boeckx
- Isotope Bioscience Laboratory—ISOFYSDepartment of Green Chemistry and TechnologyFaculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent University Gent Belgium
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25
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Rozendaal DMA, Bongers F, Aide TM, Alvarez-Dávila E, Ascarrunz N, Balvanera P, Becknell JM, Bentos TV, Brancalion PHS, Cabral GAL, Calvo-Rodriguez S, Chave J, César RG, Chazdon RL, Condit R, Dallinga JS, de Almeida-Cortez JS, de Jong B, de Oliveira A, Denslow JS, Dent DH, DeWalt SJ, Dupuy JM, Durán SM, Dutrieux LP, Espírito-Santo MM, Fandino MC, Fernandes GW, Finegan B, García H, Gonzalez N, Moser VG, Hall JS, Hernández-Stefanoni JL, Hubbell S, Jakovac CC, Hernández AJ, Junqueira AB, Kennard D, Larpin D, Letcher SG, Licona JC, Lebrija-Trejos E, Marín-Spiotta E, Martínez-Ramos M, Massoca PES, Meave JA, Mesquita RCG, Mora F, Müller SC, Muñoz R, de Oliveira Neto SN, Norden N, Nunes YRF, Ochoa-Gaona S, Ortiz-Malavassi E, Ostertag R, Peña-Claros M, Pérez-García EA, Piotto D, Powers JS, Aguilar-Cano J, Rodriguez-Buritica S, Rodríguez-Velázquez J, Romero-Romero MA, Ruíz J, Sanchez-Azofeifa A, de Almeida AS, Silver WL, Schwartz NB, Thomas WW, Toledo M, Uriarte M, de Sá Sampaio EV, van Breugel M, van der Wal H, Martins SV, Veloso MDM, Vester HFM, Vicentini A, Vieira ICG, Villa P, Williamson GB, Zanini KJ, Zimmerman J, Poorter L. Biodiversity recovery of Neotropical secondary forests. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaau3114. [PMID: 30854424 PMCID: PMC6402850 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aau3114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Old-growth tropical forests harbor an immense diversity of tree species but are rapidly being cleared, while secondary forests that regrow on abandoned agricultural lands increase in extent. We assess how tree species richness and composition recover during secondary succession across gradients in environmental conditions and anthropogenic disturbance in an unprecedented multisite analysis for the Neotropics. Secondary forests recover remarkably fast in species richness but slowly in species composition. Secondary forests take a median time of five decades to recover the species richness of old-growth forest (80% recovery after 20 years) based on rarefaction analysis. Full recovery of species composition takes centuries (only 34% recovery after 20 years). A dual strategy that maintains both old-growth forests and species-rich secondary forests is therefore crucial for biodiversity conservation in human-modified tropical landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danaë M. A. Rozendaal
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands
- Department of Biology, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- Laboratory of Geo-Information Science and Remote Sensing, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands
- Corresponding author.
| | - Frans Bongers
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - T. Mitchell Aide
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, P.O. Box 23360, San Juan, PR 00931-3360, Puerto Rico
| | - Esteban Alvarez-Dávila
- Escuela ECAPMA, UNAD, Calle 14 Sur No. 14-23, Bogotá, Colombia
- Fundación Con Vida, Avenida del Río # 20-114, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Nataly Ascarrunz
- Instituto Boliviano de Investigación Forestal (IBIF), Km 9 Carretera al Norte, El Vallecito, FCA-UAGRM, Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia
| | - Patricia Balvanera
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CP 58190, Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | | | - Tony V. Bentos
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, Coordenação de Dinâmica Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, AM CEP 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Pedro H. S. Brancalion
- Department of Forest Sciences, “Luiz de Queiroz” College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, 13418-900 Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - George A. L. Cabral
- Departamento de Botânica-CCB, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Pernambuco, CEP 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Sofia Calvo-Rodriguez
- Earth and Atmospheric Sciences Department, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2EG, Canada
| | - Jerome Chave
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique, UMR5174, CNRS/Université Paul Sabatier, Bâtiment 4R1, 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse cedex 9, France
| | - Ricardo G. César
- Department of Forest Sciences, “Luiz de Queiroz” College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, 13418-900 Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Robin L. Chazdon
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- International Institute for Sustainability, Estrada Dona Castorina 124, Horto, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22460-320, Brazil
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Ramaley N122, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Richard Condit
- SI ForestGEO, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Roosevelt Ave., 401 Balboa, Ancon, Panama
| | - Jorn S. Dallinga
- Laboratory of Geo-Information Science and Remote Sensing, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands
| | | | - Ben de Jong
- Department of Sustainability Science, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Av. Rancho Polígono 2-A, Ciudad Industrial, Lerma 24500, Campeche, Mexico
| | - Alexandre de Oliveira
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, Travessa 14, no. 321, São Paulo CEP 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Julie S. Denslow
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
| | - Daisy H. Dent
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Roosevelt Ave., 401 Balboa, Ancon, Panama
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK
| | - Saara J. DeWalt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, 132 Long Hall, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Juan Manuel Dupuy
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán A.C. Unidad de Recursos Naturales, Calle 43 # 130 x 32 y 34, Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, C.P. 97200 Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Sandra M. Durán
- Earth and Atmospheric Sciences Department, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2EG, Canada
| | - Loïc P. Dutrieux
- Laboratory of Geo-Information Science and Remote Sensing, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands
- National Commission for the Knowledge and Use of Biodiversity (CONABIO), Mexico City, C.P. 14010, México
| | - Mario M. Espírito-Santo
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, CEP 39401-089, Brazil
| | - María C. Fandino
- Fondo Patrimonio Natural para la Biodiversidad y Areas Protegidas, Calle 72 No. 12-65 piso 6, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - G. Wilson Fernandes
- Ecologia Evolutiva & Biodiversidade/DBG, ICB/Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 30161-901, Brazil
| | - Bryan Finegan
- Forests, Biodiversity and Climate Change Programme, CATIE – Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza, Turrialba, Costa Rica
| | - Hernando García
- Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Calle 28A No. 15-09 Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Noel Gonzalez
- Departamento de Ingenierías, Instituto Tecnológico de Chiná, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Calle 11 s/n, entre 22 y 28, Chiná, 24520 Campeche, México
| | - Vanessa Granda Moser
- Graduate School, Tropical Agricultural Centre for Research and Higher Education (CATIE), Turrialba, Costa Rica
| | - Jefferson S. Hall
- SI ForestGEO, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Roosevelt Ave., 401 Balboa, Ancon, Panama
| | - José Luis Hernández-Stefanoni
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán A.C. Unidad de Recursos Naturales, Calle 43 # 130 x 32 y 34, Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, C.P. 97200 Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Stephen Hubbell
- SI ForestGEO, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Roosevelt Ave., 401 Balboa, Ancon, Panama
| | - Catarina C. Jakovac
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, Coordenação de Dinâmica Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, AM CEP 69067-375, Brazil
- International Institute for Sustainability, Estrada Dona Castorina 124, Horto, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22460-320, Brazil
- Centre for Conservation and Sustainability Science (CSRio), Department of Geography and the Environment, Pontificial Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alma Johanna Hernández
- Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Calle 28A No. 15-09 Bogotá, Colombia
| | - André B. Junqueira
- International Institute for Sustainability, Estrada Dona Castorina 124, Horto, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22460-320, Brazil
- Centre for Conservation and Sustainability Science (CSRio), Department of Geography and the Environment, Pontificial Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Soil Quality, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Deborah Kennard
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, Colorado Mesa University, 1100 North Avenue, Grand Junction, CO 81501, USA
| | - Denis Larpin
- Direction Générale Déléguée aux Musées et aux Jardins botaniques et zoologiques (DGD-MJZ), Direction des Jardins Botaniques, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, 43 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Susan G. Letcher
- Department of Environmental Studies, Purchase College (SUNY), 735 Anderson Hill Road, Purchase, NY 10577, USA
| | - Juan-Carlos Licona
- Instituto Boliviano de Investigación Forestal (IBIF), Km 9 Carretera al Norte, El Vallecito, FCA-UAGRM, Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia
| | - Edwin Lebrija-Trejos
- Department of Biology and the Environment, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa-Oranim, Tivon 36006, Israel
| | - Erika Marín-Spiotta
- Department of Geography, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 550 North Park St., Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Miguel Martínez-Ramos
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CP 58190, Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | - Paulo E. S. Massoca
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, Coordenação de Dinâmica Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, AM CEP 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Jorge A. Meave
- Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, C.P. 04510, México
| | - Rita C. G. Mesquita
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, Coordenação de Dinâmica Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, AM CEP 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Francisco Mora
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CP 58190, Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | - Sandra C. Müller
- Graduate Program in Ecology, Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Muñoz
- Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, C.P. 04510, México
| | | | - Natalia Norden
- Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Calle 28A No. 15-09 Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Yule R. F. Nunes
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, CEP 39401-089, Brazil
| | - Susana Ochoa-Gaona
- Department of Sustainability Science, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Av. Rancho Polígono 2-A, Ciudad Industrial, Lerma 24500, Campeche, Mexico
| | - Edgar Ortiz-Malavassi
- Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Escuela de Ingeniería Forestal, Cartago, Costa Rica
| | - Rebecca Ostertag
- Department of Biology, University of Hawai’i at Hilo, Hilo, HI 96720, USA
| | - Marielos Peña-Claros
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Eduardo A. Pérez-García
- Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, C.P. 04510, México
| | - Daniel Piotto
- Centro de Formação em Ciências Agroflorestais, Universidade Federal do Sul da Bahia, Itabuna-BA, 45613-204, Brazil
| | - Jennifer S. Powers
- Departments of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior and Plant Biology, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - José Aguilar-Cano
- Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Calle 28A No. 15-09 Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Susana Rodriguez-Buritica
- Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Calle 28A No. 15-09 Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Jorge Rodríguez-Velázquez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CP 58190, Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | - Marco Antonio Romero-Romero
- Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, C.P. 04510, México
| | - Jorge Ruíz
- School of Social Sciences, Geography Area, Universidad Pedagogica y Tecnologica de Colombia (UPTC), Tunja, Colombia
- Department of Geography, 4841 Ellison Hall, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Arturo Sanchez-Azofeifa
- Earth and Atmospheric Sciences Department, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2EG, Canada
| | | | - Whendee L. Silver
- Ecosystem Science Division, Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Naomi B. Schwartz
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - William Wayt Thomas
- Institute of Systematic Botany, The New York Botanical Garden, 2900 Southern Blvd., Bronx, NY 10458-5126, USA
| | - Marisol Toledo
- Instituto Boliviano de Investigación Forestal (IBIF), Km 9 Carretera al Norte, El Vallecito, FCA-UAGRM, Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia
| | - Maria Uriarte
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Everardo Valadares de Sá Sampaio
- Departamento de Energia Nuclear -CTG, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Luis Freire 1000, Recife, Pernambuco, CEP 50740-540, Brazil
| | - Michiel van Breugel
- SI ForestGEO, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Roosevelt Ave., 401 Balboa, Ancon, Panama
- Yale-NUS College, 16 College Avenue West, Singapore 138610, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Hans van der Wal
- Departamento de Agricultura, Sociedad y Ambiente, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Unidad Villahermosa, 86280 Centro Tabasco, México
| | | | - Maria D. M. Veloso
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, CEP 39401-089, Brazil
| | - Hans F. M. Vester
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94248, 1090 GE Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Alberto Vicentini
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, Coordenação de Dinâmica Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, AM CEP 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Ima C. G. Vieira
- Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, C.P. 399, CEP 66040-170, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Pedro Villa
- Program of Botany, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Fundación para la Conservación de la Biodiversidad (ProBiodiversa), 5101 Mérida, Mérida, Venezuela
| | - G. Bruce Williamson
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, Coordenação de Dinâmica Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, AM CEP 69067-375, Brazil
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803-1705, USA
| | - Kátia J. Zanini
- Graduate Program in Ecology, Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Jess Zimmerman
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, San Juan, PR 00936, Puerto Rico
| | - Lourens Poorter
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands
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Suazo-Ortuño I, Urbina-Cardona JN, Lara-Uribe N, Marroquín-Páramo J, Soto-Sandoval Y, Rangel-Orozco J, Lopez-Toledo L, Benítez-Malvido J, Alvarado-Díaz J. Impact of a hurricane on the herpetofaunal assemblages of a successional chronosequence in a tropical dry forest. Biotropica 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ireri Suazo-Ortuño
- Instituto de Investigaciones sobre los Recursos Naturales; Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo; Av. San Juanito Itzícuaro s/n, Col. Nueva Esperanza Morelia Michoacán CP 58330 México
| | - José Nicolás Urbina-Cardona
- Departamento de Ecología y Territorio; Facultad de Estudios Ambientales y Rurales; Pontificia Universidad Javeriana; Carrera 7 No. 40-62 Bogotá Colombia
| | - Nancy Lara-Uribe
- Instituto de Investigaciones sobre los Recursos Naturales; Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo; Av. San Juanito Itzícuaro s/n, Col. Nueva Esperanza Morelia Michoacán CP 58330 México
| | - Jorge Marroquín-Páramo
- Instituto de Investigaciones sobre los Recursos Naturales; Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo; Av. San Juanito Itzícuaro s/n, Col. Nueva Esperanza Morelia Michoacán CP 58330 México
| | - Yunuen Soto-Sandoval
- Instituto de Investigaciones sobre los Recursos Naturales; Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo; Av. San Juanito Itzícuaro s/n, Col. Nueva Esperanza Morelia Michoacán CP 58330 México
| | - Jorge Rangel-Orozco
- Instituto de Investigaciones sobre los Recursos Naturales; Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo; Av. San Juanito Itzícuaro s/n, Col. Nueva Esperanza Morelia Michoacán CP 58330 México
| | - Leonel Lopez-Toledo
- Instituto de Investigaciones sobre los Recursos Naturales; Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo; Av. San Juanito Itzícuaro s/n, Col. Nueva Esperanza Morelia Michoacán CP 58330 México
| | - Julieta Benítez-Malvido
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Antigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro no. 8701, Ex-Hacienda de San José de la Huerta Morelia Michoacán CP 59180 México
| | - Javier Alvarado-Díaz
- Instituto de Investigaciones sobre los Recursos Naturales; Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo; Av. San Juanito Itzícuaro s/n, Col. Nueva Esperanza Morelia Michoacán CP 58330 México
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Powers JS, Marín-Spiotta E. Ecosystem Processes and Biogeochemical Cycles in Secondary Tropical Forest Succession. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY EVOLUTION AND SYSTEMATICS 2017. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-110316-022944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer S. Powers
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior and
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA
| | - Erika Marín-Spiotta
- Department of Geography, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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Recovery of woody plant species richness in secondary forests in China: a meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10614. [PMID: 28878395 PMCID: PMC5587664 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10898-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
There is considerable uncertainty concerning changes in plant diversity of Chinese secondary forests, particularly with respect to diversity recovery following anthropogenic disturbance. Here we present a meta-analysis of the recovery of woody plant species richness in secondary forests in China, with nearby primary forests as a reference. A total of 125 pairs of secondary-primary forest data reported in 55 publications were identified across China. We analyzed the data by region and logging history to examine their influences on secondary forest recovery. Our results indicated that the woody plant richness of secondary forests in China was close to fully recovered when compared to the primary forest, with the recovery ratio being 85–103%. Higher recovery ratios were observed in central, northeast and southwest China, with lower recovery ratios seen in east, south and northwest China, and the recovery in central China significantly reached the primary forests (reference) level. Concerning logging histories, the recovery ratios showed two peak values, with one at 21–40 years after clear cutting and the other at 61–80 years. We reveal the fundamental recovery patterns of woody plant species richness in secondary forests in China. These patterns provide information for the sustainable management of secondary forest resources.
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Rangel-Acosta JL, Martínez-Hernández NJ. Comparación de los ensamblajes de escarabajos copronecrófagos (Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) entre fragmentos de bosque seco tropical y la matriz adyacente en el departamento del Atlántico-Colombia. REV MEX BIODIVERS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmb.2017.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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30
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Barbosa JM, Asner GP. Prioritizing landscapes for restoration based on spatial patterns of ecosystem controls and plant-plant interactions. J Appl Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jomar M. Barbosa
- Department of Global Ecology; Carnegie Institution for Science; Stanford CA USA
| | - Gregory P. Asner
- Department of Global Ecology; Carnegie Institution for Science; Stanford CA USA
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Gorzelak MA, Pickles BJ, Hart MM. Exploring the symbiont diversity of ancient western redcedars: arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi of long-lived hosts. Mol Ecol 2017; 26:1586-1597. [PMID: 28099772 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Revised: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are globally distributed, monophyletic root symbionts with ancient origins. Their contribution to carbon cycling and nutrient dynamics is ecologically important, given their obligate association with over 70% of vascular plant species. Current understanding of AMF species richness and community structure is based primarily on studies of grasses, herbs and agricultural crops, typically in disturbed environments. Few studies have considered AMF interactions with long-lived woody perennial species in undisturbed ecosystems. Here we examined AMF communities associated with roots and soils of young, mature and old western redcedar (Thuja plicata) at two sites in the old-growth temperate rainforests of British Columbia. Due to the unique biology of AMF, community richness and structure were assessed using a conservative, clade-based approach. We found 91 AMF OTUs across all samples, with significantly greater AMF richness in the southern site, but no differences in richness along the host chronosequence at either site. All host age classes harboured AMF communities that were overdispersed (more different to each other than expected by chance), with young tree communities most resembling old tree communities. A comparison with similar clade richness data obtained from the literature indicates that western redcedar AMF communities are as rich as those of grasses, tropical trees and palms. Our examination of undisturbed temperate old-growth rainforests suggests that priority effects, rather than succession, are an important aspect of AMF community assembly in this ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika A Gorzelak
- Department of Forest and Conservation Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Brian J Pickles
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Harborne Building, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 8AS, UK
| | - Miranda M Hart
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
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