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Carmona-Rivera C, Kaplan MJ, O'Neil LJ. Neutrophils in Inflammatory Bone Diseases. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2024; 22:280-289. [PMID: 38418800 PMCID: PMC11061041 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-024-00865-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In this review, we summarize the current evidence that suggests that neutrophils play a key role in facilitating damage to local bone structures. RECENT FINDINGS Neutrophil infiltration is a hallmark of inflammatory bone diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and periodontitis disease (PD). Both of these human diseases are marked by an imbalance in bone homeostasis, favoring the degradation of local bone which ultimately leads to erosions. Osteoclasts, a multinucleated resident bone cell, are responsible for facilitating the turnover of bone and the bone damage observed in these diseases. The involvement of neutrophils and neutrophil extracellular trap formation have recently been implicated in exacerbating osteoclast function through direct and indirect mechanisms. We highlight a recent finding that NET proteins such as histones and elastase can generate non-canonical, inflammatory osteoclasts, and this process is mediated by post-translational modifications such as citrullination and carbamylation, both of which act as autoantigens in RA. It appears that NETs, autoantibodies, modified proteins, cytokines, and osteoclasts all ultimately contribute to local and permanent bone damage in RA and PD. However, more studies are needed to fully understand the role of neutrophils in inflammatory bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmelo Carmona-Rivera
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Mariana J Kaplan
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Liam J O'Neil
- Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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2
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Kovalčíková AG, Novák B, Roshko O, Kovaľová E, Pastorek M, Vlková B, Celec P. Extracellular DNA and Markers of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Saliva from Patients with Periodontitis-A Case-Control Study. J Clin Med 2024; 13:468. [PMID: 38256602 PMCID: PMC10816443 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13020468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease. We have previously shown that salivary DNA is higher in patients with periodontitis. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are involved in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases. The objective of this case-control study was to compare patients with periodontitis and healthy controls regarding the salivary concentrations of extracellular DNA and NET components. Unstimulated saliva samples were collected from 49 patients with periodontitis and 71 controls before an oral examination. Salivary extracellular DNA was isolated and quantified fluorometrically and using PCR. NET-associated markers were assessed using ELISA. We have found significantly higher concentrations of salivary extracellular DNA in samples from periodontitis patients (five-times higher for supernatant and three times for pellet). Our results show that patients also have three-times-higher salivary nucleosomes and NET-associated enzymes-myeloperoxidase and neutrophil elastase (both two-times higher). Neutrophil elastase and salivary DNA in the pellet correlated positively with the pocket depth/clinical attachment level in periodontitis patients (r = 0.31-weak correlation; p = 0.03 and r = 0.41-moderate correlation, p = 0.004). Correlations between salivary extracellular DNA and NET enzymes were positive and significant. Based on our results, the higher salivary extracellular DNA in periodontitis seems to be related to components of NETs, albeit with weak to moderate correlations indicating that NETs are produced in periodontitis and can play a role in its pathogenesis similarly to other inflammatory diseases. Further studies should prove this assumption with potential diagnostic and therapeutic consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Gaál Kovalčíková
- Department of Pediatrics, National Institute of Children’s Diseases and Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 83340 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Bohuslav Novák
- Department of Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 81250 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Oksana Roshko
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Faculty of Health Care, Prešov University, 08001 Prešov, Slovakia; (O.R.); (E.K.)
| | - Eva Kovaľová
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Faculty of Health Care, Prešov University, 08001 Prešov, Slovakia; (O.R.); (E.K.)
| | - Michal Pastorek
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 81108 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.P.); (B.V.)
| | - Barbora Vlková
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 81108 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.P.); (B.V.)
| | - Peter Celec
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 81108 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.P.); (B.V.)
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 81108 Bratislava, Slovakia
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3
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Freiherr Von Seckendorff A, Nomenjanahary MS, Labreuche J, Ollivier V, Di Meglio L, Dupont S, Hamdani M, Brikci-Nigassa N, Brun A, Boursin P, Piotin M, Mazighi M, Ho-Tin-Noé B, Desilles JP, Delbosc S. Periodontitis in ischemic stroke: impact of Porphyromonas gingivalis on thrombus composition and ischemic stroke outcomes. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2024; 8:102313. [PMID: 38318152 PMCID: PMC10840352 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpth.2023.102313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Periodontitis is associated with an increased risk of ischemic stroke, but the mechanisms underlying this association remain unclear. Objectives Our objective was to determine whether Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), a periodontal bacterium, could be detected within thrombus aspirates, modify thrombus composition, and endovascular therapy responses. Methods The presence of Pg gingipain in 175 consecutive thrombi from patients with large vessel occlusion stroke enrolled in the multicenter research cohort compoCLOT was investigated by immunostaining. Thrombus blood cell composition according to gingipain status was analyzed in a subset of 63 patients. Results Pg gingipain immunostaining was positive in 33.7% of thrombi (95% CI, 26.7%-40.8%). The percentage of near to complete reperfusion (modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction Score 2c/3) at the end of the procedure was lower in the Pgpos group than the Pgneg group (39.0% vs 57.8% respectively; adjusted odds ratio, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.19-0.77). At 3 months, 35.7% of patients in the Pgpos group had a favorable neurological outcome vs 49.5% in the Pgneg group (odds ratio, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.30-1.40). Quantitative analysis of a subset of 63 thrombi showed that neutrophil elastase content was significantly (P < .05) higher in Pgpos thrombi than in Pgneg thrombi. Conclusion Our results indicate that intrathrombus Pg gingipain is associated with increased neutrophil content and resistance to endovascular therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien Freiherr Von Seckendorff
- Interventional Neuroradiology Department and Biological Resources Center, Rothschild Foundation Hospital, Paris, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité Mixte de Recherche-1144, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, Unité de Formation et de Recherche Pharmacie, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Mialitiana Solo Nomenjanahary
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité Mixte de Recherche-1144, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, Unité de Formation et de Recherche Pharmacie, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Julien Labreuche
- Department of Biostatistics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Lille, France
| | - Véronique Ollivier
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité Mixte de Recherche-1144, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, Unité de Formation et de Recherche Pharmacie, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Lucas Di Meglio
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité Mixte de Recherche-1144, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, Unité de Formation et de Recherche Pharmacie, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Sebastien Dupont
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité Mixte de Recherche-1144, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, Unité de Formation et de Recherche Pharmacie, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Mylène Hamdani
- Interventional Neuroradiology Department and Biological Resources Center, Rothschild Foundation Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Nahida Brikci-Nigassa
- Interventional Neuroradiology Department and Biological Resources Center, Rothschild Foundation Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Adrian Brun
- Laboratory of Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies URP2496, Unité de Formation et de Recherche Odontologie, Faculté de Santé, Université Paris Cité, Montrouge, France
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Medicine, Assisantance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Henri Mondor Hospital, Créteil, France
| | - Perrine Boursin
- Interventional Neuroradiology Department and Biological Resources Center, Rothschild Foundation Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Michel Piotin
- Interventional Neuroradiology Department and Biological Resources Center, Rothschild Foundation Hospital, Paris, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité Mixte de Recherche-1144, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, Unité de Formation et de Recherche Pharmacie, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Mikael Mazighi
- Interventional Neuroradiology Department and Biological Resources Center, Rothschild Foundation Hospital, Paris, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité Mixte de Recherche-1144, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, Unité de Formation et de Recherche Pharmacie, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire Neurovasc, Department of Neurology, Hopital Lariboisière, Assisantance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- Department of Neurology, Hôpital Lariboisière, Assisantance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris Nord, Paris, France
| | - Benoit Ho-Tin-Noé
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité Mixte de Recherche-1144, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, Unité de Formation et de Recherche Pharmacie, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Desilles
- Interventional Neuroradiology Department and Biological Resources Center, Rothschild Foundation Hospital, Paris, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité Mixte de Recherche-1144, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, Unité de Formation et de Recherche Pharmacie, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire Neurovasc, Department of Neurology, Hopital Lariboisière, Assisantance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Delbosc
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Research, Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Paris, France
| | - compoCLOT study group
- Interventional Neuroradiology Department and Biological Resources Center, Rothschild Foundation Hospital, Paris, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité Mixte de Recherche-1144, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, Unité de Formation et de Recherche Pharmacie, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Department of Biostatistics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Lille, France
- Laboratory of Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies URP2496, Unité de Formation et de Recherche Odontologie, Faculté de Santé, Université Paris Cité, Montrouge, France
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Medicine, Assisantance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Henri Mondor Hospital, Créteil, France
- Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire Neurovasc, Department of Neurology, Hopital Lariboisière, Assisantance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- Department of Neurology, Hôpital Lariboisière, Assisantance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris Nord, Paris, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Research, Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Paris, France
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Bassani B, Cucchiara M, Butera A, Kayali O, Chiesa A, Palano MT, Olmeo F, Gallazzi M, Dellavia CPB, Mortara L, Parisi L, Bruno A. Neutrophils' Contribution to Periodontitis and Periodontitis-Associated Cardiovascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15370. [PMID: 37895050 PMCID: PMC10607037 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils represent the primary defense against microbial threats playing a pivotal role in maintaining tissue homeostasis. This review examines the multifaceted involvement of neutrophils in periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory condition affecting the supporting structures of teeth summarizing the contribution of neutrophil dysfunction in periodontitis and periodontal-related comorbidities. Periodontitis, a pathological condition promoted by dysbiosis of the oral microbiota, is characterized by the chronic inflammation of the gingiva and subsequent tissue destruction. Neutrophils are among the first immune cells recruited to the site of infection, releasing antimicrobial peptides, enzymes, and reactive oxygen species to eliminate pathogens. The persistent inflammatory state in periodontitis can lead to aberrant neutrophil activation and a sustained release of proinflammatory mediators, finally resulting in tissue damage, bone resorption, and disease progression. Growing evidence now points to the correlation between periodontitis and systemic comorbidities. Indeed, the release of inflammatory mediators, immune complexes, and oxidative stress by neutrophils, bridge the gap between local and systemic immunity, thus highlighting neutrophils as key players in linking periodontal inflammation to chronic conditions, including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, and rheumatoid arthritis. This review underscores the crucial role of neutrophils in the pathogenesis of periodontitis and the complex link between neutrophil dysfunction, local inflammation, and systemic comorbidities. A comprehensive understanding of neutrophil contribution to periodontitis development and their impact on periodontal comorbidities holds significant implications for the management of oral health. Furthermore, it highlights the need for the development of novel approaches aimed at limiting the persistent recruitment and activation of neutrophils, also reducing the impact of periodontal inflammation on broader health contexts, offering promising avenues for improved disease management and patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Bassani
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Unit of Molecular Pathology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, Italy; (B.B.); (M.C.); (O.K.); (M.T.P.); (F.O.); (M.G.)
| | - Martina Cucchiara
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Unit of Molecular Pathology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, Italy; (B.B.); (M.C.); (O.K.); (M.T.P.); (F.O.); (M.G.)
- Immunology and General Pathology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy;
| | - Andrea Butera
- Unit of Dental Hygiene, Section of Dentistry, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.B.); (A.C.)
| | - Omar Kayali
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Unit of Molecular Pathology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, Italy; (B.B.); (M.C.); (O.K.); (M.T.P.); (F.O.); (M.G.)
| | - Alessandro Chiesa
- Unit of Dental Hygiene, Section of Dentistry, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.B.); (A.C.)
| | - Maria Teresa Palano
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Unit of Molecular Pathology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, Italy; (B.B.); (M.C.); (O.K.); (M.T.P.); (F.O.); (M.G.)
| | - Francesca Olmeo
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Unit of Molecular Pathology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, Italy; (B.B.); (M.C.); (O.K.); (M.T.P.); (F.O.); (M.G.)
| | - Matteo Gallazzi
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Unit of Molecular Pathology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, Italy; (B.B.); (M.C.); (O.K.); (M.T.P.); (F.O.); (M.G.)
| | | | - Lorenzo Mortara
- Immunology and General Pathology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy;
| | - Luca Parisi
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Antonino Bruno
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Unit of Molecular Pathology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, Italy; (B.B.); (M.C.); (O.K.); (M.T.P.); (F.O.); (M.G.)
- Immunology and General Pathology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy;
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5
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Yang X, Shi Z, Wang X, Yang Y, Sun D, Zhu B, Song F, Zhu X, Ding S, Zou Y, Xiao C, Yang X. Disruption of Histamine-H 1R signaling exacerbates cardiac microthrombosis after periodontal disease via TLR4/NFκB-p65 pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 123:110774. [PMID: 37567012 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory disease that is highly correlated with cardiovascular disease(CVD). Histamine has been proven to participate in the pathophysiological processes of cardiovascular disease and oral inflammation. However, the role of histamine in the development of cardiac microthrombosis caused by periodontal disease has not been fully elucidated. We established a murine periodontal inflammation model by injecting lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis). In order to examine the effect of histamine/H1R signaling on cardiac injury after periodontal disease, we used histidine decarboxylase- knockout (HDC-/-) mice and histamine 1 receptor (H1R) antagonist. Our results demonstrated that LPS-induced periodontal inflammation significantly increased CD11b+Gr-1+ neutrophils in the peripheral blood and myocardial interstitium. Histamine deficiency resulted in further increases in P. gingivalis, neutrophils, inflammatory cytokines, and cardiac microthrombosis in the myocardium of HDC-/- mice compared to wild-type (WT) mice. Mechanistic analysis showed that blocking H1R could synergistically interact with LPS, further increasing the phosphorylation of p65, exacerbating the inflammatory response of neutrophils and endothelial cell damage. Conclusively, the disruption of histamine-H1R signaling exacerbates cardiac microthrombosis after periodontal disease via TLR4/NFκB-p65 pathway. Our findings not only reveal a link between periodontal inflammation and myocardial injury but also provided some thoughts for the use of H1R antagonist in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyang Yang
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital & Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhaocheng Shi
- Department of Oral Mucosa and Periodontal Clinic, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital& School of Stomatology & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiangfei Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital & Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Medical Technology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China
| | - Dili Sun
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital & Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Baoling Zhu
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Fujie Song
- Department of First Dental Clinic, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhu
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital & Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Suling Ding
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital & Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yunzeng Zou
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital & Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chun Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, Third People's Hospital of Huizhou, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong 516002, China.
| | - Xiangdong Yang
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital & Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Cardiology, Third People's Hospital of Huizhou, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong 516002, China.
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6
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Pandey SD, Perpich JD, Stocke KS, Mansfield JM, Kikuchi Y, Yakoumatos L, Muszyński A, Azadi P, Tettelin H, Whiteley M, Uriarte SM, Bagaitkar J, Vickerman M, Lamont RJ. Impact of Polymicrobial Infection on Fitness of Streptococcus gordonii In Vivo. mBio 2023; 14:e0065823. [PMID: 37042761 PMCID: PMC10294625 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00658-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic microbial ecosystems are often polymicrobial, and interbacterial interactions drive emergent properties of these communities. In the oral cavity, Streptococcus gordonii is a foundational species in the development of plaque biofilms, which can contribute to periodontal disease and, after gaining access to the bloodstream, target remote sites such as heart valves. Here, we used a transposon sequencing (Tn-Seq) library of S. gordonii to identify genes that influence fitness in a murine abscess model, both as a monoinfection and as a coinfection with an oral partner species, Porphyromonas gingivalis. In the context of a monoinfection, conditionally essential genes were widely distributed among functional pathways. Coinfection with P. gingivalis almost completely changed the nature of in vivo gene essentiality. Community-dependent essential (CoDE) genes under the coinfection condition were primarily related to DNA replication, transcription, and translation, indicating that robust growth and replication are required to survive with P. gingivalis in vivo. Interestingly, a group of genes in an operon encoding streptococcal receptor polysaccharide (RPS) were associated with decreased fitness of S. gordonii in a coinfection with P. gingivalis. Individual deletion of two of these genes (SGO_2020 and SGO_2024) resulted in the loss of RPS production by S. gordonii and increased susceptibility to killing by neutrophils. P. gingivalis protected the RPS mutants by inhibiting neutrophil recruitment, degranulation, and neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation. These results provide insight into genes and functions that are important for S. gordonii survival in vivo and the nature of polymicrobial synergy with P. gingivalis. Furthermore, we show that RPS-mediated immune protection in S. gordonii is dispensable and detrimental in the presence of a synergistic partner species that can interfere with neutrophil killing mechanisms. IMPORTANCE Bacteria responsible for diseases originating at oral mucosal membranes assemble into polymicrobial communities. However, we know little regarding the fitness determinants of the organisms that initiate community formation. Here, we show that the extracellular polysaccharide of Streptococcus gordonii, while important for streptococcal survival as a monoinfection, is detrimental to survival in the context of a coinfection with Porphyromonas gingivalis. We found that the presence of P. gingivalis compensates for immune protective functions of extracellular polysaccharide, rendering production unnecessary. The results show that fitness determinants of bacteria in communities differ substantially from those of individual species in isolation. Furthermore, constituents of communities can undertake activities that relieve the burden of energetically costly biosynthetic reactions on partner species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satya D. Pandey
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - John D. Perpich
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Sullivan University, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Kendall S. Stocke
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Jillian M. Mansfield
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Yuichiro Kikuchi
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Lan Yakoumatos
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Artur Muszyński
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Parastoo Azadi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Hervé Tettelin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Marvin Whiteley
- School of Biological Sciences, Center for Microbial Dynamics and Infection, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Silvia M. Uriarte
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Juhi Bagaitkar
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Margaret Vickerman
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Richard J. Lamont
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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7
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Tong Y, Xin Y, Fu L, Shi J, Sun Y. Excessive neutrophil extracellular trap formation induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide exacerbates inflammatory responses in high glucose microenvironment. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1108228. [PMID: 36743304 PMCID: PMC9895784 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1108228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) is a novel defense strategy of neutrophils and found to be induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or high glucose. The aim of this study was to investigate the roles and mechanisms of NET formation in high glucose inflammatory microenvironment. Methods NETs induced by 1 μg/ml P. gingivalis LPS and/or 25 mM glucose were visualized using a fluorescence microscopy and the levels of extracellular DNA were determined by a microplate reader. The bactericidal efficiency of NETs was assessed by quantifying the survival P. gingivalis in neutrophils. The levels of NLRP3 and IL-1β in THP-1 derived-macrophages, and the expressions of p-PKC βII, p-MEK1/2, p-ERK1/2, ORAI1 and ORAI2 in neutrophils were detected by Western blot. Moreover, levels of intracellular Ca2+ and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in neutrophils were explored by flow cytometry. Results P. gingivalis LPS enhanced the formation of NETs and increased the levels of extracellular DNA in high glucose microenvironment (p < 0.05). Compared with normal glucose inflammatory microenvironment, quantities of extra- and intracellular viable P. gingivalis in neutrophils exposed to NETs induced in high glucose inflammatory one were increased (p < 0.05) and the expressions of NLRP3 and IL-1β were dramatically increased in macrophages co-cultured with NETs from high glucose inflammatory microenvironment (p < 0.05). In addition, levels of ROS, intracellular Ca2+, p-PKC βII, p-MEK1/2, p-ERK1/2, ORAI1 and ORAI2 were increased in neutrophils stimulated with both high glucose and P. gingivalis LPS compared with the single stimulus groups (p < 0.05). Discussion In high glucose inflammatory microenvironment, formation of NETs was enhanced via oxidative stress, which failed to reverse the decreased bactericidal capacity in high glucose microenvironment, and instead aggravated the subsequent inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Tong
- Department of Periodontology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing, China,Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Xin
- Department of Periodontology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing, China,Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Lanqing Fu
- Department of Periodontology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing, China,Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia Shi
- Department of Periodontology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing, China,Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Periodontology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing, China,Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China,*Correspondence: Ying Sun,
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Janssen L, Muller HS, Martins VDP. Unweaving the NET: Microbial strategies for neutrophil extracellular trap evasion. Microb Pathog 2022; 171:105728. [PMID: 36028070 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Circa 20 years ago, a new type of defense mechanism was described in neutrophils. At the time, this mechanism corresponded to the extrusion of DNA, associated with histones, granular and cytosolic proteins from the cell and it was produced in response to exposure to pathogens or interleukins. The resulting NET-like structure was described as to entrap and/or kill microbes. However, shortly after the discovery the so-called Neutrophil Extracellular Traps, it was soon noticed and often mentioned in the literature that certain microbes are able to evade NET-mediated entrapment and/or death, to the point where its antimicrobial capacities were questioned, depending on the infection context. In this review, we summarize the diversity of strategies published thus far that viruses, fungi, bacteria and protists employ as to prevent or endure NETs. Moreover, we point to a few perspectives on the matter and a few evolutionary speculations on NETs evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Janssen
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Cellular Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Herick Sampaio Muller
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Cellular Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Vicente de Paulo Martins
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Cellular Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil.
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Chen JL, Tong Y, Zhu Q, Gao LQ, Sun Y. Neutrophil extracellular traps induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide modulate inflammatory responses via a Ca2+-dependent pathway. Arch Oral Biol 2022; 141:105467. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2022.105467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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10
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Maronek M, Gardlik R. The Citrullination-Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Axis in Chronic Diseases. J Innate Immun 2022; 14:393-417. [PMID: 35263752 PMCID: PMC9485962 DOI: 10.1159/000522331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Citrullination of proteins is crucial for the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) − strands of nuclear DNA expulsed in the extracellular environment along with antimicrobial proteins in order to halt the spread of pathogens. Paradoxically, NETs may be immunogenic and contribute to inflammation. It is known that for the externalization of DNA, a group of enzymes called peptidyl arginine deiminases (PADs) is required. Current research often looks at citrullination, NET formation, PAD overexpression, and extracellular DNA (ecDNA) accumulation in chronic diseases as separate events. In contrast, we propose that citrullination can be viewed as the primary mechanism of autoimmunity, for instance by the formation of anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) but also as a process contributing to chronic inflammation. Therefore, citrullination could be at the center, connecting and impacting multiple inflammatory diseases in which ACPAs, NETs, or ecDNA have already been documented. In this review, we aimed to highlight the importance of citrullination in the etiopathogenesis of a number of chronic diseases and to explore the diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic potential of the citrullination-NET axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Maronek
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Roman Gardlik
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
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11
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Zhu X, Huang H, Zhao L. PAMPs and DAMPs as the Bridge Between Periodontitis and Atherosclerosis: The Potential Therapeutic Targets. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:856118. [PMID: 35281098 PMCID: PMC8915442 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.856118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic artery disease characterized by plaque formation and vascular inflammation, eventually leading to myocardial infarction and stroke. Innate immunity plays an irreplaceable role in the vascular inflammatory response triggered by chronic infection. Periodontitis is a common chronic disorder that involves oral microbe-related inflammatory bone loss and local destruction of the periodontal ligament and is a risk factor for atherosclerosis. Periodontal pathogens contain numerous pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) such as lipopolysaccharide, CpG DNA, and Peptidoglycan, that initiate the inflammatory response of the innate immunity depending on the recognition of pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) of host cells. The immune-inflammatory response and destruction of the periodontal tissue will produce a large number of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) such as neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), alarmins (S100 protein), and which can further affect the progression of atherosclerosis. Molecular patterns have recently become the therapeutic targets for inflammatory disease, including blocking the interaction between molecular patterns and PRRs and controlling the related signal transduction pathway. This review summarized the research progress of some representative PAMPs and DAMPs as the molecular pathological mechanism bridging periodontitis and atherosclerosis. We also discussed possible ways to prevent serious cardiovascular events in patients with periodontitis and atherosclerosis by targeting molecular patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanzhi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontics, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hanyao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Hanyao Huang, ; Lei Zhao,
| | - Lei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontics, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Hanyao Huang, ; Lei Zhao,
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12
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Fu X, Liu H, Huang G, Dai SS. The emerging role of neutrophils in autoimmune-associated disorders: effector, predictor, and therapeutic targets. MedComm (Beijing) 2021; 2:402-413. [PMID: 34766153 PMCID: PMC8554667 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are essential components of the immune system and have vital roles in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disorders. As effector cells, neutrophils promote autoimmune disease by releasing cytokines and chemokines cascades that accompany inflammation, neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) regulating immune responses through cell-cell interactions. More recent evidence has extended functions of neutrophils. Accumulating evidence implicated neutrophils contribute to tissue damage during a broad range of disorders, involving rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), primary sjögren's syndrome (pSS), multiple sclerosis (MS), crohn's disease (CD), and gout. A variety of studies have reported on the functional role of neutrophils as therapeutic targets in autoimmune diseases. However, challenges and controversies in the field remain. Enhancing our understanding of neutrophils' role in autoimmune disorders may further advance the development of new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Fu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Science Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University) Chongqing China
| | - Heting Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Science Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University) Chongqing China
| | - Gang Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Science Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University) Chongqing China
| | - Shuang-Shuang Dai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Science Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University) Chongqing China
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Zheng S, Yu S, Fan X, Zhang Y, Sun Y, Lin L, Wang H, Pan Y, Li C. Porphyromonas gingivalis survival skills: Immune evasion. J Periodontal Res 2021; 56:1007-1018. [PMID: 34254681 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory condition that destroys the tooth-supporting tissues and eventually leads to tooth loss. As one of the most prevalent oral conditions, periodontitis endangers the oral health of 70% of people throughout the world. Periodontitis is also related to various systemic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, and rheumatoid arthritis, which not only has a great impact on population health status and the quality of life but also increases the social burden. Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) is a gram-negative oral anaerobic bacterium that plays a key role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. Porphyromonas gingivalis can express various of virulence factors to overturn innate and adaptive immunities, which makes P. gingivalis survive and propagate in the host, destroy periodontal tissues, and have connection to systemic diseases. Porphyromonas gingivalis can invade into and survive in host tissues by destructing the gingival epithelial barrier, internalizing into the epithelial cells, and enhancing autophagy in epithelial cells. Deregulation of complement system, degradation of antibacterial peptides, and destruction of phagocyte functions facilitate the evasion of P. gingivalis. Porphyromonas gingivalis can also suppress adaptive immunity, which allows P. gingivalis to exist in the host tissues and cause the inflammatory response persistently. Here, we review studies devoted to understanding the strategies utilized by P. gingivalis to escape host immunity. Methods for impairing P. gingivalis immune evasion are also mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaowen Zheng
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shiwen Yu
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaomiao Fan
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yonghuan Zhang
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yangyang Sun
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hongyan Wang
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Shenyang, China
| | - Yaping Pan
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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14
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Gene expression profiles of mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum tethering in human gingival fibroblasts in response to periodontal pathogens. Arch Oral Biol 2021; 128:105173. [PMID: 34058723 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2021.105173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current study aimed to elucidate the potential involvement of mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum contact genes in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease by monitoring levels of contact associated genes including Mitofusion 1 (MFN1) and MFN2, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R), chaperone glucose-regulated protein 75 (GRP75), sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1 (SIGMAR1) and phosphate and tensin homolog induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) in human gingival fibroblasts in response to periodontal pathogens Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) and Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) in vitro. DESIGN Primary human gingival fibroblasts were exposed to live cultures of P. gingivalis (W83; ATCC BAA-308) and F. nucleatum (subsp. Polymorphum; ATCC 10953) alone or in combination for 4 h at a 50 or 200 multiplicity of infection. Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (10 μg/mL) exposure was used as a positive control. Gene expression levels of contact genes (MFN1, MFN2, IP3R, GRP75, SIGMAR1 and PINK1) as well as a proinflammatory cytokine, Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and the apoptosis associated gene, Immediate early response 3 (IER3), were evaluated by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis. RESULTS MFN1, GRP75, IP3R and PINK1 were significantly upregulated by P. gingivalis with or without F. nucleatum. Only P. gingivalis with F. nucleatum caused a significant upregulation of SIGMAR1. TNF-α and IER3 gene expression positively correlated with the contact-associated gene expression changes. CONCLUSION F. nucleatum and P. gingivalis alone or in combination may differentially dysregulate the gene expression levels of contact-associated genes in human gingival fibroblasts. These host-microbiome interactions may mechanistically be important in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease.
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15
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Jiang Q, Zhao Y, Shui Y, Zhou X, Cheng L, Ren B, Chen Z, Li M. Interactions Between Neutrophils and Periodontal Pathogens in Late-Onset Periodontitis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:627328. [PMID: 33777839 PMCID: PMC7994856 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.627328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Late-onset periodontitis is associated with a series of inflammatory reactions induced by periodontal pathogens, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, a keystone pathogen involved in periodontitis. Neutrophils are the most abundant leukocytes in the periodontal pocket/gingival crevice and inflamed periodontal tissues. They form a “wall” between the dental plaque and the junctional epithelium, preventing microbial invasion. The balance between neutrophils and the microbial community is essential to periodontal homeostasis. Excessive activation of neutrophils in response to periodontal pathogens can induce tissue damage and lead to periodontitis persistence. Therefore, illuminating the interactions between neutrophils and periodontal pathogens is critical for progress in the field of periodontitis. The present review aimed to summarize the interactions between neutrophils and periodontal pathogens in late-onset periodontitis, including neutrophil recruitment, neutrophil mechanisms to clear the pathogens, and pathogen strategies to evade neutrophil-mediated elimination of bacteria. The recruitment is a multi-step process, including tethering and rolling, adhesion, crawling, and transmigration. Neutrophils clear the pathogens mainly by phagocytosis, respiratory burst responses, degranulation, and neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation. The mechanisms that pathogens activate to evade neutrophil-mediated killing include impairing neutrophil recruitment, preventing phagocytosis, uncoupling killing from inflammation, and resistance to ROS, degranulation products, and NETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingsong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuxi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yusen Shui
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Biao Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhu Chen
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guiyang Hospital of Stomatology, Guiyang, China
| | - Mingyun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Miralda I, Uriarte SM. Periodontal Pathogens' strategies disarm neutrophils to promote dysregulated inflammation. Mol Oral Microbiol 2020; 36:103-120. [PMID: 33128827 PMCID: PMC8048607 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is an irreversible, chronic inflammatory disease where inflammophilic pathogenic microbial communities accumulate in the gingival crevice. Neutrophils are a major component of the innate host response against bacterial challenge, and under homeostatic conditions, their microbicidal functions typically protect the host against periodontitis. However, a number of periodontal pathogens developed survival strategies to evade neutrophil microbicidal functions while promoting inflammation, which provides a source of nutrients for bacterial growth. Research on periodontal pathogens has largely focused on a few established species: Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, and Porphyromonas gingivalis. However, advances in culture-independent techniques have facilitated the identification of new bacterial species in periodontal lesions, such as the two Gram-positive anaerobes, Filifactor alocis and Peptoanaerobacter stomatis, whose characterization of pathogenic potential has not been fully described. Additionally, there is not a full understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms used against neutrophils by organisms that are abundant in periodontal lesions. This presents a substantial barrier to the development of new approaches to prevent or ameliorate the disease. In this review, we first summarize the neutrophil functions affected by the established periodontal pathogens listed above, denoting unknown areas that still merit a closer look. Then, we review the literature on neutrophil functions and the emerging periodontal pathogens, F. alocis and P. stomatis, comparing the effects of the emerging microbes to that of established pathogens, and speculate on the contribution of these putative pathogens to the progression of periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Miralda
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, School of Dentistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Silvia M Uriarte
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, School of Dentistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
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Zhang L, Sun Y, Xu W, Geng Y, Su Y, Wang Q, Wang J. Baicalin inhibits Salmonella typhimurium-induced inflammation and mediates autophagy through TLR4/MAPK/NF-κB signalling pathway. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2020; 128:241-255. [PMID: 32955161 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Baicalin has been reported to protect mice against Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium) infection, while its molecular mechanisms are unclear. In this study, multiplicity of infection (MOI) and observation time were measured. Cell viability and LDH levels were examined in RAW264.7 cells and H9 cells. RAW264.7 cells were stimulated with S typhimurium in the presence or absence of Baicalin, and the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The changes in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were determined by fluorescence microscopy and ELISA. The autophagy and TLR4/MAPK/NF-κB signalling pathway were examined by immunofluorescence microscopy, quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. The results indicated that MOI of 30 and duration of autophagy evident at 5 h were applicable to this study. Baicalin prevented death of macrophages, promoted bactericidal activity, decreased the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and ROS and reduced the changes of key biomarkers in autophagy and TLR4/MAPK/NF-κB signalling pathway infected by S typhimurium. TLR4-overexpressed cells, autophagy and TLR4/MAPK/NF-κB signalling pathway were activated by S typhimurium, which was suppressed by Baicalin. Our findings indicated that Baicalin exerts anti-inflammatory and cell-protective effects, and it mediates autophagy by down-regulating the activity of TLR4 infected by S typhimurium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Yuan Sun
- First Affiliated Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Wei Xu
- First Affiliated Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Yu Geng
- Healthcare Management School, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Yuhong Su
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Qiuning Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Jinli Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
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Magán-Fernández A, Rasheed Al-Bakri SM, O’Valle F, Benavides-Reyes C, Abadía-Molina F, Mesa F. Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Periodontitis. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061494. [PMID: 32575367 PMCID: PMC7349145 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are key cells of the immune system and have a decisive role in fighting foreign pathogens in infectious diseases. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) consist of a mesh of DNA enclosing antimicrobial peptides and histones that are released into extracellular space following neutrophil response to a wide range of stimuli, such as pathogens, host-derived mediators and drugs. Neutrophils can remain functional after NET formation and are important for periodontal homeostasis. Periodontitis is an inflammatory multifactorial disease caused by a dysbiosis state between the gingival microbiome and the immune response of the host. The pathogenesis of periodontitis includes an immune-inflammatory component in which impaired NET formation and/or elimination can be involved, contributing to an exacerbated inflammatory reaction and to the destruction of gingival tissue. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about the role of NETs in the pathogenesis of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Magán-Fernández
- Periodontology Department, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (A.M.-F.); (S.M.R.A.-B.); (F.M.)
| | - Sarmad Muayad Rasheed Al-Bakri
- Periodontology Department, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (A.M.-F.); (S.M.R.A.-B.); (F.M.)
| | - Francisco O’Valle
- Pathology Department, School of Medicine (IBIMER, CIBM), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
- Biosanitary Research Institute (IBS-GRANADA), University of Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Cristina Benavides-Reyes
- Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-9-5824-0654
| | - Francisco Abadía-Molina
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
- INYTA, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, University of Granada, Armilla, 18100 Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco Mesa
- Periodontology Department, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (A.M.-F.); (S.M.R.A.-B.); (F.M.)
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Nobre Dos Santos-Lima EK, Araújo Paiva Andrade Cardoso K, Mares de Miranda P, Cirino de Carvalho-Filho P, Passos Rocha T, Ferreira de Moura-Costa L, Olczak T, Miranda Lopes Falcão M, Gomes-Filho IS, Meyer R, Tosta Xavier M, Castro Trindade S. Novel synthetic peptide derived from Porphyromonas gingivalis Lys-gingipain detects IgG-mediated host response in periodontitis. Anaerobe 2020; 61:102140. [PMID: 31838319 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2019.102140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis is a keystone pathogen in periodontitis. Analysis of the immunogenicity of its virulence factors may provide insight into the host response to this infection. The Kgp12 (IEDB Epitope ID 763561), an epitope of Lys-gingipain (Kgp) virulence factor from P. gingivalis ATCC 33277, elicits an immunoglobulin G (IgG) immunoreactivity with low cross-reactivity and, therefore, more specificity. The aim of the present study was to determine in silico the localization of Kgp12 within the protein and to evaluate the IgG host response to this novel Kgp peptide through its capacity to differentiate individuals with different periodontal status. Sera of 71 volunteers were tested by indirect ELISA to detect the IgG immunoreactivity specific to Kgp12, as well as to the protein HmuY and to the sonicated total extract of P. gingivalis ATCC33277, both used as gold standard. The participants had no systemic disease and were classified according to periodontal clinical parameters to comparison, firstly, into periodontitis (P) and without periodontitis (WP) groups and, secondly, into periodontitis (P), gingivitis (G) and clinically health (CH) ones. All the antigens tested, Kgp12 (p = 0.02), HmuY (p = 0.00) and P. gingivalis extract (p = 0.03), could differentiate P from WP groups considering IgG serum levels. P group also had higher IgG levels specific to Kgp12 (p = 0.03), HmuY (p < 0.01) and P. gingivalis extract (p = 0.01) when compared to G group. We conclude that the Kgp12 synthetic peptide was useful to detect the IgG-mediated host response signaling that it is a promising epitope to analyze the immunogenicity of P. gingivalis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Thaise Passos Rocha
- Dentistry Course, Feira de Santana State University, Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Teresa Olczak
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | | | | | - Roberto Meyer
- Department of Biointeraction, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Soraya Castro Trindade
- Department of Health, Feira de Santana State University, Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil.
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20
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Bryzek D, Ciaston I, Dobosz E, Gasiorek A, Makarska A, Sarna M, Eick S, Puklo M, Lech M, Potempa B, Potempa J, Koziel J. Triggering NETosis via protease-activated receptor (PAR)-2 signaling as a mechanism of hijacking neutrophils function for pathogen benefits. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007773. [PMID: 31107907 PMCID: PMC6544335 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil-derived networks of DNA-composed extracellular fibers covered with antimicrobial molecules, referred to as neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), are recognized as a physiological microbicidal mechanism of innate immunity. The formation of NETs is also classified as a model of a cell death called NETosis. Despite intensive research on the NETs formation in response to pathogens, the role of specific bacteria-derived virulence factors in this process, although postulated, is still poorly understood. The aim of our study was to determine the role of gingipains, cysteine proteases responsible for the virulence of P. gingivalis, on the NETosis process induced by this major periodontopathogen. We showed that NETosis triggered by P. gingivalis is gingipain dependent since in the stark contrast to the wild-type strain (W83) the gingipain-null mutant strain only slightly induced the NETs formation. Furthermore, the direct effect of proteases on NETosis was documented using purified gingipains. Notably, the induction of NETosis was dependent on the catalytic activity of gingipains, since proteolytically inactive forms of enzymes showed reduced ability to trigger the NETs formation. Mechanistically, gingipain-induced NETosis was dependent on proteolytic activation of protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2). Intriguingly, both P. gingivalis and purified Arg-specific gingipains (Rgp) induced NETs that not only lacked bactericidal activity but instead stimulated the growth of bacteria species otherwise susceptible to killing in NETs. This protection was executed by proteolysis of bactericidal components of NETs. Taken together, gingipains play a dual role in NETosis: they are the potent direct inducers of NETs formation but in the same time, their activity prevents P. gingivalis entrapment and subsequent killing. This may explain a paradox that despite the massive accumulation of neutrophils and NETs formation in periodontal pockets periodontal pathogens and associated pathobionts thrive in this environment. Periodontitis, or gum disease, is characterized by chronic inflammation and erosion of the tooth-supporting tissues. The condition is fuelled by bacterial accumulation on the tooth surface below the gum line that resists the host innate immune response, including massive accumulation of neutrophils. Despite possessing a formidable array of bactericidal machineries, including neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation whereby neutrophils release DNA-composed fibers decorated with bactericidal proteins and peptides to efficiently trap and kill bacteria. Nevertheless, neutrophils in periodontitis are unable to clear the infection due to the presence of key periodontal pathogens, including Porphyromonas gingivalis. This bacterium secretes a variety of virulence factors, including proteases (gingipains) that allow the organism to manipulate the host immune response to benefit the entire dysbiotic microbial community. Here, we describe a unique strategy whereby P. gingivalis trigger NET formation through gingipain-dependent cleavage of Protease Activated Receptor (PAR)-2 on the neutrophil surface. Importantly, NETs formed in this way are deficient in antibacterial activity but instead, supports bacterial growth due to degradation of bactericidal components by gingipains. This finding may explain a paradox that dysbiotic bacteria flourished in periodontal pockets in spite of massive accumulation of neutrophils and abundant NETs formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danuta Bryzek
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Izabela Ciaston
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewelina Dobosz
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Gasiorek
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Makarska
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Michal Sarna
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Sigrun Eick
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Magdalena Puklo
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Maciej Lech
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
- Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Department of Nephrology, Munich, Germany
| | - Barbara Potempa
- Department of Oral Immunity and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Jan Potempa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
- Department of Oral Immunity and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JP); (JK)
| | - Joanna Koziel
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
- * E-mail: (JP); (JK)
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Carmona-Rivera C, Bicker KL, Thompson PR, Buckner JH, Robinson WH, Fox DA, Kaplan MJ. Response to comment on "Synovial fibroblast-neutrophil interactions promote pathogenic adaptive immunity in rheumatoid arthritis". Sci Immunol 2018; 3:3/21/eaar3701. [PMID: 29602804 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aar3701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The citrullinome cargo in neutrophil extracellular traps varies according to disease condition and stimulation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmelo Carmona-Rivera
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kevin L Bicker
- Department of Chemistry, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, USA
| | - Paul R Thompson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Jane H Buckner
- Translational Research Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - William H Robinson
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.,Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - David A Fox
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Mariana J Kaplan
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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22
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Neutrophil Function in an Inflammatory Milieu of Rheumatoid Arthritis. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:8549329. [PMID: 30622982 PMCID: PMC6304923 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8549329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory autoimmune disease characterized by the presence of autoantibodies against citrullinated protein antigens and proinflammatory cytokines which cause chronic synovitis, bone erosion, and eventual deformity; however, the precise etiology of RA is unclear. In the early stage of RA, neutrophils migrate into the articular cavity, become activated, and exert their function in an inflammatory process, suggesting an essential role of neutrophils in the initial events contributing to the pathogenesis of RA. Solid evidence exists that supports the contribution of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) to the production of autoantibodies against citrullinated proteins which can trigger the immune reaction in RA. Concurrently, proinflammatory cytokines regulate the neutrophil migration, apoptosis, and NET formation. As a result, the inflammatory neutrophils produce more cytokines and influence other immune cells thereby perpetuating the inflammatory condition in RA. In this review, we summarize the advances made in improving our understanding of neutrophil migration, apoptosis, and NET formation in the presence of an RA inflammatory milieu. We will also discuss the most recent strategies in modulating the inflammatory microenvironment that have an impact on neutrophil function which may provide alternative novel therapies for RA.
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Pardo-Esté C, Hidalgo AA, Aguirre C, Briones AC, Cabezas CE, Castro-Severyn J, Fuentes JA, Opazo CM, Riedel CA, Otero C, Pacheco R, Valvano MA, Saavedra CP. The ArcAB two-component regulatory system promotes resistance to reactive oxygen species and systemic infection by Salmonella Typhimurium. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203497. [PMID: 30180204 PMCID: PMC6122832 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) is an intracellular bacterium that overcomes host immune system barriers for successful infection. The bacterium colonizes the proximal small intestine, penetrates the epithelial layer, and is engulfed by macrophages and neutrophils. Intracellularly, S. Typhimurium encounters highly toxic reactive oxygen species including hydrogen peroxide and hypochlorous acid. The molecular mechanisms of Salmonella resistance to intracellular oxidative stress is not completely understood. The ArcAB two-component system is a global regulatory system that responds to oxygen. In this work, we show that the ArcA response regulator participates in Salmonella adaptation to changing oxygen levels and is also involved in promoting intracellular survival in macrophages and neutrophils, enabling S. Typhimurium to successfully establish a systemic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coral Pardo-Esté
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandro A. Hidalgo
- Laboratorio de Patogenesis Bacteriana, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Camila Aguirre
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alan C. Briones
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina E. Cabezas
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Castro-Severyn
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan A. Fuentes
- Laboratorio de Genética y Patogénesis Bacteriana, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cecilia M. Opazo
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de la Vida y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia A. Riedel
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de la Vida y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina Otero
- Center for Integrative Medicine and Innovative Science (CIMIS), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Pacheco
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunología, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Miguel A. Valvano
- The Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Claudia P. Saavedra
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de la Vida y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- * E-mail:
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24
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Edmisson JS, Tian S, Armstrong CL, Vashishta A, Klaes CK, Miralda I, Jimenez-Flores E, Le J, Wang Q, Lamont RJ, Uriarte SM. Filifactor alocis modulates human neutrophil antimicrobial functional responses. Cell Microbiol 2018; 20:e12829. [PMID: 29377528 PMCID: PMC5980721 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Filifactor alocis is a newly appreciated pathogen in periodontal diseases. Neutrophils are the predominant innate immune cell in the gingival crevice. In this study, we examined modulation of human neutrophil antimicrobial functions by F. alocis. Both non-opsonised and serum-opsonised F. alocis were engulfed by neutrophils but were not efficiently eliminated. Challenge of neutrophils with either non-opsonised or serum-opsonised F. alocis induced a minimal intracellular as well as extracellular respiratory burst response compared to opsonised Staphylococcus aureus and fMLF, respectively. However, pretreatment or simultaneous challenge of neutrophils with F. alocis did not affect the subsequent oxidative response to a particulate stimulus, suggesting that the inability to trigger the respiratory response was only localised to F. alocis phagosomes. In addition, although neutrophils engulfed live or heat-killed F. alocis with the same efficiency, heat-killed F. alocis elicited a higher intracellular respiratory burst response compared to viable organisms, along with decreased surface expression of CD35, a marker of secretory vesicles. F. alocis phagosomes remained immature by delayed and reduced recruitment of specific and azurophil granules, respectively. These results suggest that F. alocis withstands neutrophil antimicrobial responses by preventing intracellular ROS production, along with specific and azurophil granule recruitment to the bacterial phagosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob S. Edmisson
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Shifu Tian
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Cortney L. Armstrong
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Aruna Vashishta
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Christopher K. Klaes
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Irina Miralda
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Emeri Jimenez-Flores
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, School of Dentistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Junyi Le
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, School of Dentistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Richard J. Lamont
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, School of Dentistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Silvia M. Uriarte
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, School of Dentistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
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25
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Abstract
Neutrophils are innate immune phagocytes that have a central role in immune defence. Our understanding of the role of neutrophils in pathogen clearance, immune regulation and disease pathology has advanced dramatically in recent years. Web-like chromatin structures known as neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have been at the forefront of this renewed interest in neutrophil biology. The identification of molecules that modulate the release of NETs has helped to refine our view of the role of NETs in immune protection, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases and cancer. Here, I discuss the key findings and concepts that have thus far shaped the field of NET biology.
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26
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Jayaprakash K, Demirel I, Gunaltay S, Khalaf H, Bengtsson T. PKC, ERK/p38 MAP kinases and NF-κB targeted signalling play a role in the expression and release of IL-1β and CXCL8 in Porphyromonas gingivalis-infected THP1 cells. APMIS 2017; 125:623-633. [PMID: 28493507 DOI: 10.1111/apm.12701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis is a keystone pathogen in periodontitis and is gaining importance in cardiovascular pathogenesis. Protease-activated receptors (PARs), toll-like receptors (TLRs) and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD) on monocytes recognize the structural components on P. gingivalis, inducing inflammatory intermediates. Here, we elucidate the modulation of PARs, TLRs, NODs, and the role of MAPK and NF-κB in IL-1β and CXCL8 release. THP1 cells were stimulated with P. gingivalis wild-type W50 and its isogenic gingipain mutants: Rgp mutant E8 and Kgp mutant K1A. We observed modulation of PARs, TLRs, NOD, IL-1β and CXCL8 expression by P. gingivalis. Gingipains hydrolyse IL-1β and CXCL8, which is more evident for IL-1β accumulation at 24 h. Inhibition of PKC (protein kinase C), p38 and ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinases) partially reduced P. gingivalis-induced IL-1β at 6 h, whereas PKC and ERK reduced CXCL8 at both 6 and 24 h. Following NF-κB inhibition, P. gingivalis-induced IL-1β and CXCL8 were completely suppressed to basal levels. Overall, TLRs, PARs and NOD possibly act in synergy with PKC, MAPK ERK/p38 and NF-κB in P. gingivalis-induced IL-1β and CXCL8 release from THP1 cells. These pro-inflammatory cytokines could affect leucocytes in circulation and exacerbate other vascular inflammatory conditions such as atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isak Demirel
- Department of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Sezin Gunaltay
- Department of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Hazem Khalaf
- Department of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
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Gorgojo J, Scharrig E, Gómez RM, Harvill ET, Rodríguez ME. Bordetella parapertussis Circumvents Neutrophil Extracellular Bactericidal Mechanisms. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169936. [PMID: 28095485 PMCID: PMC5240980 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
B. parapertussis is a whooping cough etiological agent with the ability to evade the immune response induced by pertussis vaccines. We previously demonstrated that in the absence of opsonic antibodies B. parapertussis hampers phagocytosis by neutrophils and macrophages and, when phagocytosed, blocks intracellular killing by interfering with phagolysosomal fusion. But neutrophils can kill and/or immobilize extracellular bacteria through non-phagocytic mechanisms such as degranulation and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). In this study we demonstrated that B. parapertussis also has the ability to circumvent these two neutrophil extracellular bactericidal activities. The lack of neutrophil degranulation was found dependent on the O antigen that targets the bacteria to cell lipid rafts, eventually avoiding the fusion of nascent phagosomes with specific and azurophilic granules. IgG opsonization overcame this inhibition of neutrophil degranulation. We further observed that B. parapertussis did not induce NETs release in resting neutrophils and inhibited NETs formation in response to phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) stimulation by a mechanism dependent on adenylate cyclase toxin (CyaA)-mediated inhibition of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Thus, B. parapertussis modulates neutrophil bactericidal activity through two different mechanisms, one related to the lack of proper NETs-inducer stimuli and the other one related to an active inhibitory mechanism. Together with previous results these data suggest that B. parapertussis has the ability to subvert the main neutrophil bactericidal functions, inhibiting efficient clearance in non-immune hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Gorgojo
- CINDEFI (UNLP CONICET La Plata), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Emilia Scharrig
- Institute of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, CCT-La Plata, CONICET-UNLP, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Ricardo M. Gómez
- Institute of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, CCT-La Plata, CONICET-UNLP, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Eric T. Harvill
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Maria Eugenia Rodríguez
- CINDEFI (UNLP CONICET La Plata), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
- * E-mail:
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28
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Cytokine response of human THP-1 macrophages to Trichomonas tenax. Exp Parasitol 2016; 169:77-80. [PMID: 27497807 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2016.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Trichomonas tenax is a protozoan that inhabits the oral cavity of humans, most often those with poor oral hygiene. Although T. tenax is widely considered a commensal, recent studies have suggested a pathogenic role for the protozoan in persons with periodontitis. Here we investigated the capacity of T. tenax to induce pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion in human macrophages, with the idea that elicitation of inflammation may be one mechanism by which T. tenax contributes to oral pathology. Human THP-1 cells differentiated to the macrophage phenotype (dTHP-1) were incubated with live or sonicated T. tenax at trophozoite:dTHP-1 ratios of 1:5, 1:10, and 1:20. Culture media removed from the wells after 4, 8, and 16 h of stimulation were assayed by ELISA for tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-8, and the immunoregulatory cytokine interleukin-10. Live T. tenax trophozoites failed to induce production of any of the cytokines tested, regardless of trophozoite:dTHP-1 cell ratio or length of co-incubation. T. tenax lysates stimulated interleukin-8 synthesis, but only after 16 h of incubation at the 1:5 trophozoite:dTHP-1 cell ratio. These results suggest that pro-inflammatory cytokine synthesis by human macrophages in direct response to T. tenax contributes little to oral pathology.
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29
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Links between atherosclerotic and periodontal disease. Exp Mol Pathol 2016; 100:220-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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