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Lv X, Yao Q, Mao F, Liu M, Wang Y, Wang X, Gao Y, Wang Y, Liao S, Wang P, Huang S. Heat stress and sexual reproduction in maize: unveiling the most pivotal factors and the greatest opportunities. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:4219-4243. [PMID: 38183327 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
The escalation in the intensity, frequency, and duration of high-temperature (HT) stress is currently unparalleled, which aggravates the challenges for crop production. Yet, the stage-dependent responses of reproductive organs to HT stress at the morphological, physiological, and molecular levels remain inadequately explored in pivotal staple crops. This review synthesized current knowledge regarding the mechanisms by which HT stress induces abnormalities and aberrations in reproductive growth and development, as well as by which it alters the morphology and function of florets, flowering patterns, and the processes of pollination and fertilization in maize (Zea mays L.). We identified the stage-specific sensitivities to HT stress and accurately defined the sensitive period from a time scale of days to hours. The microspore tetrad phase of pollen development and anthesis (especially shortly after pollination) are most sensitive to HT stress, and even brief temperature spikes during these stages can lead to significant kernel loss. The impetuses behind the heat-induced impairments in seed set are closely related to carbon, reactive oxygen species, phytohormone signals, ion (e.g. Ca2+) homeostasis, plasma membrane structure and function, and others. Recent advances in understanding the genetic mechanisms underlying HT stress responses during maize sexual reproduction have been systematically summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanlong Lv
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Yao
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Fen Mao
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Mayang Liu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yudong Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingbo Gao
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- College of Agronomy, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuhua Liao
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Pu Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shoubing Huang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Yu L, Chen Y, Zeng X, Lou Y, Baldwin IT, Li R. Brown planthoppers manipulate rice sugar transporters to benefit their own feeding. Curr Biol 2024; 34:2990-2996.e4. [PMID: 38870934 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
The feeding of piercing-sucking insect herbivores often elicits changes in their host plants that benefit the insect.1 In addition to thwarting a host's defense responses, these phloem-feeding insects may manipulate source-sink signaling so as to increase resources consumed.2,3 To date, the molecular mechanisms underlying herbivore-induced resource reallocation remain less investigated. Brown planthopper (BPH), an important rice pest, feeds on the phloem and oviposits into leaf sheaths. BPH herbivory increases sugar accumulations 5-fold in the phloem sap of leaf sheaths and concurrently induces the expression of two clade III SWEET genes, SWEET13 and SWEET14, in leaf tissues, but not in leaf sheaths of attacked rice plants. Mutations of both genes by genome editing attenuate resistance to BPH without alterations of known chemical and physical defense responses. Moreover, BPH-elicited sugar levels in the phloem sap were significantly reduced in sweet13/14 mutants, which is likely to attenuate BPH feeding behavior on sweet13/14 mutants. In one of the two field seasons tested, the sweet13/14 mutants showed comparable yield to wild types, and in the other season, the mutants demonstrated stronger BPH resistance. These preliminary results suggested that the mutations in these SWEET transporters could enhance BPH resistance without yield penalties. Given that sweet13/14 mutants also exhibit resistance to bacterial blight pathogen, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, these SWEET genes could serve as excellent molecular targets for the breeding of resistant rice cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yumeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xuan Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Yonggen Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ian T Baldwin
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Ran Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Bülbül S, Sezgin Muslu A, Saglam A, Kadioglu A. Heliotropium thermophilum adapts to high soil temperature in natural conditions due to its highly active antioxidant system protecting its photosynthetic machinery. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2024; 51:FP23325. [PMID: 38991103 DOI: 10.1071/fp23325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Heliotropium thermophilum (Boraginaceae) plants have strong antioxidant properties. This study investigated the effectiveness of the antioxidant system in protecting the photosynthetic machinery of H. thermophilum . Plants were obtained from Kızıldere geothermal area in Buharkent district, Aydın, Turkey. Plants in the geothermal area that grew at 25-35°C were regarded as the low temperature group, while those that grew at 55-65°C were regarded as the high temperature group. We analysed the physiological changes of these plants at the two temperature conditions at stage pre-flowering and flowering. We meaured the effect of high soil temperature on water potential, malondialdehyde, cell membrane stability, and hydrogen peroxide analysis to determine stress levels on leaves and roots. Changes in antioxidant enzyme activities, ascorbate and chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence, photosynthetic gas exchange parameters, and photosynthetic enzymes (Rubisco and invertase) activities were also determined. Our results showed minimal changes to stress levels, indicating that plants were tolerant to high soil temperatures. In general, an increase in antioxidant enzyme activities, ascorbat levels, and all chlorophyll fluorescence parameters except for non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) and F v /F m were observed. The pre-flowering and flowering stages were both characterised by decreased NPQ, despite F v /F m not changing. Additionally, there was a rise in the levels of photosynthetic gas exchange parameters, Rubisco, and invertase activities. High temperature did not affect photosynthetic yield because H. thermophilum was found to stimulate antioxidant capacity, which reduces oxidative damage and maintains its photosynthetic machinery in high temperature conditions and therefore, it is tolerant to high soil temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevgi Bülbül
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon 61080, Turkey
| | - Asiye Sezgin Muslu
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon 61080, Turkey
| | - Aykut Saglam
- Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon 61080, Turkey
| | - Asim Kadioglu
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon 61080, Turkey
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Wang Y, Lv X, Sheng D, Hou X, Mandal S, Liu X, Zhang P, Shen S, Wang P, Krishna Jagadish SV, Huang S. Heat-dependent postpollination limitations on maize pollen tube growth and kernel sterility. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:3822-3838. [PMID: 37623372 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress has a negative impact on pollen development in maize (Zea mays L.) but the postpollination events that determine kernel sterility are less well characterised. The impact of short-term (hours) heat exposure during postpollination was therefore assessed in silks and ovaries. The temperatures inside the kernels housed within the husks was significantly lower than the imposed heat stress. This protected the ovaries and possibly the later phase of pollen tube growth from the adverse effects of heat stress. Failure of maize kernel fertilization was observed within 6 h of heat stress exposure postpollination. This was accompanied by a significant restriction of early pollen tube growth rather than pollen germination. Limitations on early pollen tube growth were therefore a major factor contributing to heat stress-induced kernel sterility. Exposure to heat stress altered the sugar composition of silks, suggesting that hexose supply contributed to the limitations on pollen tube growth. Moreover, the activities of sucrose metabolising enzymes, the expression of sucrose degradation and trehalose biosynthesis genes were decreased following heat stress. Significant increases in reactive oxygen species, abscisic acid and auxin levels accompanied by altered expression of phytohormone-related genes may also be important in the heat-induced suppression of pollen tube growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuanlong Lv
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Dechang Sheng
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinfang Hou
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shreya Mandal
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi, India
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Maize and Featured Upland Crops, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dongyang, China
| | - Si Shen
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Pu Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - S V Krishna Jagadish
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Shoubing Huang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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He Y, Guan H, Li B, Zhang S, Xu Y, Yao Y, Yang X, Zha Z, Guo Y, Jiao C, Cai H. Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Dynamic and Rapid Transcriptional Reprogramming Involved in Heat Stress and Identification of Heat Response Genes in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14802. [PMID: 37834249 PMCID: PMC10572967 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
High temperature is one of the most important environmental factors influencing rice growth, development, and yield. Therefore, it is important to understand how rice plants cope with high temperatures. Herein, the heat tolerances of T2 (Jinxibai) and T21 (Taizhongxianxuan2hao) were evaluated at 45 °C, and T21 was found to be sensitive to heat stress at the seedling stage. Analysis of the H2O2 and proline content revealed that the accumulation rate of H2O2 was higher in T21, whereas the accumulation rate of proline was higher in T2 after heat treatment. Meanwhile, transcriptome analysis revealed that several pathways participated in the heat response, including "protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum", "plant hormone signal transduction", and "carbon metabolism". Additionally, our study also revealed that different pathways participate in heat stress responses upon prolonged stress. The pathway of "protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum" plays an important role in stress responses. We found that most genes involved in this pathway were upregulated and peaked at 0.5 or 1 h after heat treatment. Moreover, sixty transcription factors, including the members of the AP2/ERF, NAC, HSF, WRKY, and C2H2 families, were found to participate in the heat stress response. Many of them have also been reported to be involved in biotic or abiotic stresses. In addition, through PPI (protein-protein interactions) analysis, 22 genes were identified as key genes in the response to heat stress. This study improves our understanding of thermotolerance mechanisms in rice, and also lays a foundation for breeding thermotolerant cultivars via molecular breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang He
- Institute of Food Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.H.); (H.G.); (B.L.); (S.Z.); (Y.X.); (Y.Y.); (X.Y.); (Z.Z.); (Y.G.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Huimin Guan
- Institute of Food Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.H.); (H.G.); (B.L.); (S.Z.); (Y.X.); (Y.Y.); (X.Y.); (Z.Z.); (Y.G.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Bo Li
- Institute of Food Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.H.); (H.G.); (B.L.); (S.Z.); (Y.X.); (Y.Y.); (X.Y.); (Z.Z.); (Y.G.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Institute of Food Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.H.); (H.G.); (B.L.); (S.Z.); (Y.X.); (Y.Y.); (X.Y.); (Z.Z.); (Y.G.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yanhao Xu
- Institute of Food Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.H.); (H.G.); (B.L.); (S.Z.); (Y.X.); (Y.Y.); (X.Y.); (Z.Z.); (Y.G.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yan Yao
- Institute of Food Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.H.); (H.G.); (B.L.); (S.Z.); (Y.X.); (Y.Y.); (X.Y.); (Z.Z.); (Y.G.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiaolong Yang
- Institute of Food Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.H.); (H.G.); (B.L.); (S.Z.); (Y.X.); (Y.Y.); (X.Y.); (Z.Z.); (Y.G.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhongping Zha
- Institute of Food Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.H.); (H.G.); (B.L.); (S.Z.); (Y.X.); (Y.Y.); (X.Y.); (Z.Z.); (Y.G.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ying Guo
- Institute of Food Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.H.); (H.G.); (B.L.); (S.Z.); (Y.X.); (Y.Y.); (X.Y.); (Z.Z.); (Y.G.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chunhai Jiao
- Institute of Food Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.H.); (H.G.); (B.L.); (S.Z.); (Y.X.); (Y.Y.); (X.Y.); (Z.Z.); (Y.G.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Haiya Cai
- Institute of Food Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.H.); (H.G.); (B.L.); (S.Z.); (Y.X.); (Y.Y.); (X.Y.); (Z.Z.); (Y.G.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, China
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Wu X, Wu Z, Ju X, Fan Y, Yang C, Han Y, Chen W, Tang D, Lv C, Cao Q, Wang J, Zhang K. IbInvInh2, a novel invertase inhibitor in sweet potato, regulates starch content through post-translational regulation of vacuolar invertase IbβFRUCT2. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 201:107815. [PMID: 37301188 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
As a key enzyme in the starch and sugar metabolic pathways in sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.), the vacuolar invertase (EC 3.2.1.26) IbβFRUCT2 is involved in partitioning and modulating the starch and sugar components of the storage root. However, the post-translational regulation of its invertase activity remains unclear. In this study, we identified three invertase inhibitors, IbInvInh1, IbInvInh2, and IbInvInh3, as potential interaction partners of IbβFRUCT2. All were found to act as vacuolar invertase inhibitors (VIFs) and belonged to the plant invertase/pectin methyl esterase inhibitor superfamily. Among the three VIFs, IbInvInh2 is a novel VIF in sweet potato and was confirmed to be an inhibitor of IbβFRUCT2. The N-terminal domain of IbβFRUCT2 and the Thr39 and Leu198 sites of IbInvInh2 were predicted to be engaged in their interactions. The transgenic expression of IbInvInh2 in Arabidopsis thaliana plants reduced the starch content of leaves, while its expression in the Ibβfruct2-expressing Arabidopsis plants increased the starch content of leaves, suggesting that the post-translational inhibition of IbβFRUCT2 activity by IbInvInh2 contributes to the regulation of the plant starch content. Taken together, our findings reveal a novel VIF in sweet potato and provide insights into the potential regulatory roles of the VIFs and invertase-VIF interaction in starch metabolism. These insights lay the foundation for using VIFs to improve the starch properties of crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuli Wu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding for Tuber and Root Crops in Chongqing, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Zhengdan Wu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China; Cash Crops Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, China
| | - Xisan Ju
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding for Tuber and Root Crops in Chongqing, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yonghai Fan
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Chaobin Yang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding for Tuber and Root Crops in Chongqing, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yonghui Han
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding for Tuber and Root Crops in Chongqing, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Wanxia Chen
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding for Tuber and Root Crops in Chongqing, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Daobin Tang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding for Tuber and Root Crops in Chongqing, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China; State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Changwen Lv
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding for Tuber and Root Crops in Chongqing, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China; State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Qinghe Cao
- Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Jiangsu Xuhuai District, Xuzhou, 221131, China
| | - Jichun Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding for Tuber and Root Crops in Chongqing, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China; State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding for Tuber and Root Crops in Chongqing, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China; State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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7
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Feng B, Xu Y, Fu W, Li H, Li G, Li J, Wang W, Tao L, Chen T, Fu G. RGA1 Negatively Regulates Thermo-tolerance by Affecting Carbohydrate Metabolism and the Energy Supply in Rice. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 16:32. [PMID: 37495715 PMCID: PMC10371973 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-023-00649-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Signal transduction mediated by heterotrimeric G proteins, which comprise the α, β, and γ subunits, is one of the most important signaling pathways in rice plants. RGA1, which encodes the Gα subunit of the G protein, plays an important role in the response to various types of abiotic stress, including salt, drought, and cold stress. However, the role of RGA1 in the response to heat stress remains unclear. RESULTS The heat-resistant mutant ett1 (enhanced thermo-tolerance 1) with a new allele of the RGA1 gene was derived from an ethane methyl sulfonate-induced Zhonghua11 mutant. After 45 °C heat stress treatment for 36 h and recovery for 7 d, the survival rate of the ett1 mutants was significantly higher than that of wild-type (WT) plants. The malondialdehyde content was lower, and the maximum fluorescence quantum yield of photosystem II, peroxidase activity, and hsp expression were higher in ett1 mutants than in WT plants after 12 h of exposure to 45 °C. The RNA-sequencing results revealed that the expression of genes involved in the metabolism of carbohydrate, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, and energy was up-regulated in ett1 under heat stress. The carbohydrate content and the relative expression of genes involved in sucrose metabolism indicated that carbohydrate metabolism was accelerated in ett1 under heat stress. Energy parameters, including the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content and the energy charge, were significantly higher in the ett1 mutants than in WT plants under heat stress. Importantly, exogenous glucose can alleviate the damages on rice seedling plants caused by heat stress. CONCLUSION RGA1 negatively regulates the thermo-tolerance in rice seedling plants through affecting carbohydrate and energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baohua Feng
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Yongqiang Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Weimeng Fu
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Hubo Li
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Gengmi Li
- Key Laboratory of Southwest Rice Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture/Luzhou Branch of National Rice Improvement Center, Rice and Sorghum Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Deyang, China
| | - Juncai Li
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
- China National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, China
| | - Wenting Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Longxing Tao
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Tingting Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
| | - Guanfu Fu
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
- China National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, China.
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8
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Mei X, Zhao Z, Bai Y, Yang Q, Gan Y, Wang W, Li C, Wang J, Cai Y. Salt Tolerant Gene 1 contributes to salt tolerance by maintaining photosystem II activity in maize. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:1453-1471. [PMID: 36891878 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress is a major environmental factor limiting crop growth and productivity. Here, we show that Salt-Tolerant Gene 1 (ZmSTG1) contributes to salt tolerance by maintaining photosystem activity in maize. ZmSTG1 encodes an endoplasmic reticulum localized protein and retrotransposon insertion in the promoter region causes differential expression levels in maize inbred lines. Overexpression of ZmSTG1 improved plant growth vigor, and knockout of ZmSTG1 weakened plant growth under normal and salt stress conditions. Transcriptome and metabolome analyses indicated that ZmSTG1 might regulate the expression of lipid trafficking-related genes dependent on the abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway, thereby increasing the galactolipids and phospholipid concentrations in the photosynthetic membrane under salt stress. Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters showed that the knockout of ZmSTG1 led to significant impairment of plant photosystem II (PSII) activity under normal and salt stress conditions, whereas overexpression of ZmSTG1 dramatically improved plant PSII activity under salt stress conditions. We also demonstrated that the application of the salt-tolerant locus could enhance salt tolerance in hybrid maize plants. Taken together, we propose that ZmSTG1 may modulate the lipid composition in the photosynthetic membrane by affecting the expression of lipid trafficking-related genes to maintain the photosynthetic activity of plants under salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiupeng Mei
- Maize Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Zikun Zhao
- Maize Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Bai
- Maize Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiuyue Yang
- Maize Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuling Gan
- Maize Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenqin Wang
- Maize Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Chaofeng Li
- Maize Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiuguang Wang
- Maize Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Yilin Cai
- Maize Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
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9
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Li H, Feng B, Li J, Fu W, Wang W, Chen T, Liu L, Wu Z, Peng S, Tao L, Fu G. RGA1 alleviates low-light-repressed pollen tube elongation by improving the metabolism and allocation of sugars and energy. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:1363-1383. [PMID: 36658612 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Low-light stress compromises photosynthetic and energy efficiency and leads to spikelet sterility; however, the effect of low-light stress on pollen tube elongation in the pistil remains poorly understood. The gene RGA1, which encodes a Gα-subunit of the heterotrimeric G-protein, enhanced low-light tolerance at anthesis by preventing the cessation of pollen tube elongation in the pistil of rice plants. In this process, marked increases in the activities of acid invertase (INV), sucrose synthase (SUS) and mitochondrial respiratory electron transport chain complexes, as well as the relative expression levels of SUTs (sucrose transporter), SWEETs (sugars will eventually be exported transporters), SUSs, INVs, CINs (cell-wall INV 1), SnRK1A (sucrose-nonfermenting 1-related kinase 1) and SnRK1B, were observed in OE-1 plants. Accordingly, notable increases in contents of ATP and ATPase were presented in OE-1 plants under low-light conditions, while they were decreased in d1 plants. Importantly, INV and ATPase activators (sucrose and Na2 SO3 , respectively) increased spikelet fertility by improving the energy status in the pistil under low-light conditions, and the ATPase inhibitor Na2 VO4 induced spikelet sterility and decreased ATPase activity. These results suggest that RGA1 could alleviate the low-light stress-induced impairment of pollen tube elongation to increase spikelet fertility by promoting sucrose unloading in the pistil and improving the metabolism and allocation of energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hubo Li
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
- Crop Production and Physiology Center (CPPC), College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Baohua Feng
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Juncai Li
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
- Agronomy College, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Weimeng Fu
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenting Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lianmeng Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhihai Wu
- Agronomy College, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Shaobing Peng
- Crop Production and Physiology Center (CPPC), College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Longxing Tao
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guanfu Fu
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
- Agronomy College, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
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10
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Zhang W, Huang H, Zhou Y, Zhu K, Wu Y, Xu Y, Wang W, Zhang H, Gu J, Xiong F, Wang Z, Liu L, Yang J. Brassinosteroids mediate moderate soil-drying to alleviate spikelet degeneration under high temperature during meiosis of rice. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:1340-1362. [PMID: 36097648 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study tested the hypothesis that brassinosteroids (BRs) mediate moderate soil-drying (MD) to alleviate spikelet degeneration under high temperature (HT) stress during meiosis of rice (Oryza sativa L.). A rice cultivar was pot-grown and subjected to normal temperature (NT) and HT treatments during meiosis, and two irrigation regimes including well-watered (WW) and MD were imposed to the plants simultaneously. The MD effectively alleviated the spikelet degeneration and yield loss under HT stress mainly via improving root activity and canopy and panicle traits including higher photosynthetic capacity, tricarboxylic acid cycle activity, and antioxidant capacity than WW. These parameters were regulated by BRs levels in plants. The decrease in BRs levels at HT was due mainly to the enhanced BRs decomposition, and the MD could rescue the BRs deficiency at HT via enhancing BRs biosynthesis and impeding decomposition. The connection between BRs and HT was verified by using rice BRs-deficient mutants, transgenic rice lines, and chemical regulators. Similar results were obtained in the open-air field experiment. The results suggest that BRs can mediate the MD to alleviate spikelet degeneration under HT stress during meiosis mainly via enhancing root activity, canopy traits, and young panicle traits of rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyang Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Hanghang Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yujiao Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Kuanyu Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yunfei Wu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yunji Xu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weilu Wang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Junfei Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Fei Xiong
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiqin Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Lijun Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jianchang Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
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11
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Chen L, Dong X, Yang H, Chai Y, Xia Y, Tian L, Qu LQ. Cytosolic disproportionating enzyme2 is essential for pollen germination and pollen tube elongation in rice. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 191:96-109. [PMID: 36282529 PMCID: PMC9806659 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Degradation of starch accumulated in pollen provides energy and cellular materials for pollen germination and pollen tube elongation. Little is known about the function of cytosolic disproportionating enzyme2 (DPE2) in rice (Oryza sativa). Here, we obtained several DPE2 knockout mutant (dpe2) lines via genomic editing and found that the mutants grew and developed normally but with greatly reduced seed-setting rates. Reciprocal crosses between dpe2 and wild-type plants demonstrated that the mutant was male sterile. In vitro and in vivo examinations revealed that the pollen of the dpe2 mutant developed and matured normally but was defective in germination and elongation. DPE2 deficiency increased maltose content in pollen, whereas it reduced the levels of starch, glucose, fructose, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Exogenous supply of glucose or ATP to the germination medium partially rescued the pollen germination defects of dpe2. The expression of cytosolic phosphorylase2 (Pho2) increased significantly in dpe2 pollen. Knockout of Pho2 resulted in a semi-sterile phenotype. We failed to obtain homozygous dpe2 pho2 double mutant lines. Our results demonstrate that maltose catalyzed by DPE2 to glucose is the main energy source for pollen germination and pollen tube elongation, while Pho2 might partially compensate for deficiency of DPE2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangke Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiangbai Dong
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Huifang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yaru Chai
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yan Xia
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lihong Tian
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Le Qing Qu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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12
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Li J, Feng B, Yu P, Fu W, Wang W, Lin J, Qin Y, Li H, Chen T, Xu C, Tao L, Wu Z, Fu G. Oligomeric Proanthocyanidins Confer Cold Tolerance in Rice through Maintaining Energy Homeostasis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 12:antiox12010079. [PMID: 36670941 PMCID: PMC9854629 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligomeric proanthocyanidins (OPCs) are abundant polyphenols found in foods and botanicals that benefit human health, but our understanding of the functions of OPCs in rice plants is limited, particularly under cold stress. Two rice genotypes, named Zhongzao39 (ZZ39) and its recombinant inbred line RIL82, were subjected to cold stress. More damage was caused to RIL82 by cold stress than to ZZ39 plants. Transcriptome analysis suggested that OPCs were involved in regulating cold tolerance in the two genotypes. A greater increase in OPCs content was detected in ZZ39 than in RIL82 plants under cold stress compared to their respective controls. Exogenous OPCs alleviated cold damage of rice plants by increasing antioxidant capacity. ATPase activity was higher and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) activity was lower under cold stress in ZZ39 than in RIL82 plants. Importantly, improvements in cold tolerance were observed in plants treated with the OPCs and 3-aminobenzamide (PARP inhibitor, 3ab) combination compared to the seedling plants treated with H2O, OPCs, or 3ab alone. Therefore, OPCs increased ATPase activity and inhibited PARP activity to provide sufficient energy for rice seedling plants to develop antioxidant capacity against cold stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juncai Li
- Agronomy College, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Baohua Feng
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Pinghui Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Weimeng Fu
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Wenting Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Jie Lin
- Agronomy College, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Yebo Qin
- Zhejiang Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Hangzhou 310020, China
| | - Hubo Li
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Tingting Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Chunmei Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Longxing Tao
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Zhihai Wu
- Agronomy College, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Correspondence: (Z.W.); (G.F.)
| | - Guanfu Fu
- Agronomy College, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
- Correspondence: (Z.W.); (G.F.)
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13
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Chen T, Ma J, Xu C, Jiang N, Li G, Fu W, Feng B, Wang D, Wu Z, Tao L, Fu G. Increased ATPase activity promotes heat-resistance, high-yield, and high-quality traits in rice by improving energy status. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1035027. [PMID: 36600923 PMCID: PMC9806274 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1035027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress during the reproductive stage results in major losses in yield and quality, which might be mainly caused by an energy imbalance. However, how energy status affected heat response, yield and quality remains unclear. No relationships were observed among the heat resistance, yield, and quality of the forty-nine early rice cultivars under normal temperature conditions. However, two cultivars, Zhuliangyou30 (ZLY30) and Luliangyou35 (LLY35), differing in heat resistance, yield, and quality were detected. The yield was higher and the chalkiness degree was lower in ZLY30 than in LLY35. Decreases in yields and increases in the chalkiness degree with temperatures were more pronounced in LLY35 than in ZLY30. The accumulation and allocation (ratio of the panicle to the whole plant) of dry matter weight and non-structural carbohydrates were higher in ZLY30 than in LLY35 across all sowing times and temperatures. The accumulation and allocation of dry matter weight and non-structural carbohydrates in panicles were higher in ZLY30 than in LLY35. Similar patterns were observed in the relative expression levels of sucrose unloading related genes SUT1 and SUT2 in grains. The ATP content was higher in the grains of LLY35 than in ZLY30, whereas the ATPase activity, which determined the energy status, was significantly lower in the former than in the latter. Thus, increased ATPase activity, which improved the energy status of rice, was the factor mediating the balance among heat-resistance, high-yield, and high-quality traits in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
- Agronomy College, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiaying Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chunmei Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ning Jiang
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guangyan Li
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Agricultural College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Weimeng Fu
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Baohua Feng
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Danying Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhihai Wu
- Agronomy College, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Longxing Tao
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guanfu Fu
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
- Agronomy College, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
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14
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Zhu A, Li J, Fu W, Wang W, Tao L, Fu G, Chen T, Feng B. Abscisic Acid Improves Rice Thermo-Tolerance by Affecting Trehalose Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810615. [PMID: 36142525 PMCID: PMC9506140 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat stress that occurs during the flowering stage severely decreases the rice (Oryza sativa L.) seed-setting rate. This damage can be reversed by abscisic acid (ABA), through effects on reactive oxygen species, carbohydrate metabolism, and heat shock proteins, but the exact role of trehalose and ATP in this process remains unclear. Two rice genotypes, namely, Zhefu802 (heat-resistant plant, a recurrent parent) and its near-isogenic line (faded green leaf, Fgl, heat-sensitive plant), were subjected to 38 °C heat stress after being sprayed with ABA or its biosynthetic inhibitor, fluridone (Flu), at the flowering stage. The results showed that exogenous ABA significantly increased the seed-setting rate of rice under heat stress, by 14.31 and 22.40% in Zhefu802 and Fgl, respectively, when compared with the H2O treatment. Similarly, exogenous ABA increased trehalose content, key enzyme activities of trehalose metabolism, ATP content, and F1Fo-ATPase activity. Importantly, the opposite results were observed in plants treated with Flu. Therefore, ABA may improve rice thermo-tolerance by affecting trehalose metabolism and ATP consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aike Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
- Nanchong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchong 637000, China
| | - Juncai Li
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
- Agronomy College, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Weimeng Fu
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Wenting Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Longxing Tao
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Guanfu Fu
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Tingting Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
- Correspondence: (T.C.); (B.F.); Tel.: +86-571-63370264 (T.C.); +86-571-63370370 (B.F.); Fax: +86-571-63370358 (T.C. & B.F.)
| | - Baohua Feng
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
- Correspondence: (T.C.); (B.F.); Tel.: +86-571-63370264 (T.C.); +86-571-63370370 (B.F.); Fax: +86-571-63370358 (T.C. & B.F.)
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15
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Piao L, Wang Y, Liu X, Sun G, Zhang S, Yan J, Chen Y, Meng Y, Li M, Gu W. Exogenous Hemin alleviated cadmium stress in maize ( Zea mays L.) by enhancing leaf photosynthesis, AsA-GSH cycle and polyamine metabolism. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:993675. [PMID: 36160952 PMCID: PMC9493101 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.993675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) stress is one of the principal abiotic stresses that inhibit maize growth. The research was to explore (hemin chloride) Hemin (100 μmol L-1) on photosynthesis, ascorbic acid (AsA)-glutathione (GSH) cycle system, and polyamine metabolism of maize under Cd stress (85 mg L-1) using nutrient solution hydroponics, with Tiannong 9 (Cd tolerant) and Fenghe 6 (Cd sensitive) as experimental materials. The results showed that Hemin can increase leaf photosynthetic pigment content and ameliorate the ratio of Chlorophyll a/chlorophyll b (Chla/Chlb) under Cd stress. The values of ribose 1, 5-diphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBPcase) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPCase), and total xanthophyll cycle pool [(violoxanthin (V), antiflavin (A) and zeaxanthin (Z)] increased, which enhancing xanthophyll cycle (DEPS) de-epoxidation, and alleviating stomatal and non-stomatal limitation of leaf photosynthesis. Hemin significantly increased net photosynthetic rate (Pn ), stomatal conductance (gs ), transpiration rate (Tr ), photochemical quenching coefficient (qP), PSII maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm ), and electron transfer rate (ETR), which contributed to the improvement of the PSII photosynthetic system. Compared with Cd stress, Hemin can reduce thiobartolic acid reactant (TBARS) content, superoxide anion radical (O2 -) production rate, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) accumulation, and the extent of electrolyte leakage (EL); decreased the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) content and increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT); slowed the decrease in dehydroascorbic acid reductase (DHAR) and monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR) activity and the increase in glutathione reductase (GR) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity in leaves; promoted the increase in AsA and GSH content, decreased dehydroascorbic acid (DHA) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG), and increased AsA/DHA and GSH/GSSG ratios under Cd stress. Hemin promoted the increase of conjugated and bound polyamine content, and the conversion process speed of free putrescine (Put) to free spermine (Spm) and spermidine (Spd) in maize; decreased polyamine oxidase (PAO) activity and increased diamine oxidase (DAO), arginine decarboxylase (ADC), ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (SAMDC) enzyme activities in leaves under Cd stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Piao
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Maize Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yong Wang
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Guangyan Sun
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Shiyu Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Junyao Yan
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Heilongjiang Kenfeng Seed Industry Co., Ltd., Harbin, China
| | - Yao Meng
- Heilongjiang Academy of Land Reclamation Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Ming Li
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Wanrong Gu
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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16
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Zhao M, Meng Y, Wang Y, Sun G, Liu X, Li J, Wei S, Gu W. Exogenous Hemin alleviates cadmium stress in maize by enhancing sucrose and nitrogen metabolism and regulating endogenous hormones. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2022; 25:368-380. [PMID: 35732582 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2022.2086212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) stress restricts maize growth and productivity severely. We aimed to investigate the effects of Hemin on the metabolism of sucrose and nitrogen and endogenous hormones in maize under cadmium stress. Maize varieties 'Tiannong 9' (cadmium tolerant) and 'Fenghe 6' (cadmium sensitive) were grown in nutrient solutions to study the effects of Hemin on maize physiological and ecological mechanisms under cadmium stress. The results showed that Hemin mediated the increase of sucrose content and the activities of key enzymes sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) and sucrose synthase (SS) in maize leaves under cadmium stress. Soluble acid invertase (SAInv) and basic/neutral invertase (A/N-Inv) enzyme activities in leaves were decreased significantly, and sucrose accumulation in leaves was increased. Hemin also mediated the increase of NO3- content in leaves, the decrease of NH4+ content and the increase of nitrate reductase (NR), glutamine synthetase (GS), glutamate synthase activity (GOGAT) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) enzyme activities under cadmium stress. The contents of IAA, ZR, and GA in leaves and roots increased, ABA, MeJA, and SA decreased, and IAA/ABA, ZR/ABA, and GA/ABA increased under cadmium stress. Our study showed Hemin can alleviate cadmium stress in maize by enhancing sucrose and nitrogen metabolism and regulating endogenous hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhao
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yao Meng
- Heilongjiang Academy of Land Reclamation Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yong Wang
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Guangyan Sun
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Shi Wei
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Wanrong Gu
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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17
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Kumar S, Thakur M, Mitra R, Basu S, Anand A. Sugar metabolism during pre- and post-fertilization events in plants under high temperature stress. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2022; 41:655-673. [PMID: 34628530 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02795-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
High temperature challenges global crop production by limiting the growth and development of the reproductive structures and seed. It impairs the developmental stages of male and female gametogenesis, pollination, fertilization, endosperm formation and embryo development. Among these, the male reproductive processes are highly prone to abnormalities under high temperature at various stages of development. The disruption of source-sink balance is the main constraint for satisfactory growth of the reproductive structures which is disturbed at the level of sucrose import and utilization within the tissue. Seed development after fertilization is affected by modulation in the activity of enzymes involved in starch metabolism. In addition, the alteration in the seed-filling rate and its duration affects the seed weight and quality. The present review critically discusses the role of sugar metabolism in influencing the various stages of gamete and seed development under high temperature stress. It also highlights the interaction of the sugars with hormones that mediate the transport of sugars to sink tissues. The role of transcription factors for the regulation of sugar availability under high temperature has also been discussed. Further, the omics-based systematic investigation has been suggested to understand the synergistic or antagonistic interactions between sugars, hormones and reactive oxygen species at various points of sucrose flow from source to sink under high temperature stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar
- Division of Seed Science and Technology, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Meenakshi Thakur
- College of Horticulture and Forestry, Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Neri, Hamirpur, 177 001, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Raktim Mitra
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India
| | - Sudipta Basu
- Division of Seed Science and Technology, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Anjali Anand
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India.
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18
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Gautam H, Fatma M, Sehar Z, Iqbal N, Albaqami M, Khan NA. Exogenously-Sourced Ethylene Positively Modulates Photosynthesis, Carbohydrate Metabolism, and Antioxidant Defense to Enhance Heat Tolerance in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031031. [PMID: 35162955 PMCID: PMC8835467 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of exogenously-applied ethylene sourced from ethephon (2-chloroethyl phosphonic acid)was studied on photosynthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, and high-temperature stress tolerance in Taipei-309 and Rasi cultivars of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Heat stress increased the content of H2O2 and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS)more in Rasi than Taipei-309. Further, a significant decline in sucrose, starch, and carbohydrate metabolism enzyme activity and photosynthesis was also observed in response to heat stress. The application of ethephon reduced H2O2 and TBARS content by enhancing the enzymatic antioxidant defense system and improved carbohydrate metabolism, photosynthesis, and growth more conspicuously in Taipei-309 under heat stress. The ethephon application enhanced photosynthesis by up-regulating the psbA and psbB genes of photosystem II in heat-stressed plants. Interestingly, foliar application of ethephoneffectively down-regulated high-temperature-stress-induced elevated ethylene biosynthesis gene expression. Overall, ethephon application optimized ethylene levels under high-temperature stress to regulate the antioxidant enzymatic system and carbohydrate metabolism, reducing the adverse effects on photosynthesis. These findings suggest that ethylene regulates photosynthesis via carbohydrate metabolism and the antioxidant system, thereby influencing high-temperature stress tolerance in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsha Gautam
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India; (H.G.); (M.F.); (Z.S.)
| | - Mehar Fatma
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India; (H.G.); (M.F.); (Z.S.)
| | - Zebus Sehar
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India; (H.G.); (M.F.); (Z.S.)
| | - Noushina Iqbal
- Department of Botany, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India;
| | - Mohammed Albaqami
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (M.A.); (N.A.K.)
| | - Nafees A. Khan
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India; (H.G.); (M.F.); (Z.S.)
- Correspondence: (M.A.); (N.A.K.)
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19
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Seydel C, Kitashova A, Fürtauer L, Nägele T. Temperature-induced dynamics of plant carbohydrate metabolism. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13602. [PMID: 34802152 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrates are direct products of photosynthetic CO2 assimilation. Within a changing temperature regime, both photosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism need tight regulation to prevent irreversible damage of plant tissue and to sustain energy metabolism, growth and development. Due to climate change, plants are and will be exposed to both long-term and short-term temperature changes with increasing amplitude. Particularly sudden fluctuations, which might comprise a large temperature amplitude from low to high temperature, pose a challenge for plants from the cellular to the ecosystem level. A detailed understanding of fundamental regulatory processes, which link photosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism under such fluctuating environmental conditions, is essential for an estimate of climate change consequences. Further, understanding these processes is important for biotechnological application, breeding and engineering. Environmental light and temperature regimes are sensed by a molecular network that comprises photoreceptors and molecular components of the circadian clock. Photosynthetic efficiency and plant productivity then critically depend on enzymatic regulation and regulatory circuits connecting plant cells with their environment and re-stabilising photosynthetic efficiency and carbohydrate metabolism after temperature-induced deflection. This review summarises and integrates current knowledge about re-stabilisation of photosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism after perturbation by changing temperature (heat and cold).
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Seydel
- Faculty of Biology, Plant Development, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, Plant Evolutionary Cell Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Anastasia Kitashova
- Faculty of Biology, Plant Evolutionary Cell Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Lisa Fürtauer
- Institute for Biology III, Unit of Plant Molecular Systems Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Nägele
- Faculty of Biology, Plant Evolutionary Cell Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
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20
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Hu Q, Wang W, Lu Q, Huang J, Peng S, Cui K. Abnormal anther development leads to lower spikelet fertility in rice (Oryza sativa L.) under high temperature during the panicle initiation stage. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:428. [PMID: 34544370 PMCID: PMC8451141 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03209-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Decreased spikelet fertility is often responsible for reduction in grain yield in rice (Oryza sativa L.). In this study, two varieties with different levels of heat tolerance, Liangyoupeijiu (LYPJ, heat susceptible) and Shanyou63 (SY63, heat tolerant) were subjected to two temperature treatments for 28 days during the panicle initiation stage in temperature/relative humidity-controlled greenhouses: high temperature (HT; 37/27 °C; day/night) and control temperature (CK; 31/27 °C; day/night) to investigate changes in anther development under HT during panicle initiation and their relationship with spikelet fertility. RESULTS HT significantly decreased the grain yield of LYPJ by decreasing the number of spikelets per panicle and seed setting percentage. In addition, HT produced minor adverse effects in SY63. The decreased spikelet fertility was primarily attributed to decreased pollen viability and anther dehiscence, as well as poor pollen shedding of the anthers of LYPJ under HT. HT resulted in abnormal anther development (fewer vacuolated microspores, un-degraded tapetum, unevenly distributed Ubisch bodies) and malformation of pollen (obscure outline of the pollen exine with a collapsed bacula, disordered tectum, and no nexine of the pollen walls, uneven sporopollenin deposition on the surface of pollen grains) in LYPJ, which may have lowered pollen viability. Additionally, HT produced a compact knitted anther cuticle structure of the epidermis, an un-degraded septum, a thickened anther wall, unevenly distributed Ubisch bodies, and inhibition of the confluent locule, and these malformed structures may be partially responsible for the decreased anther dehiscence rate and reduced pollen shedding of the anthers in LYPJ. In contrast, the anther wall and pollen development of SY63 were not substantially changed under HT. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that disturbed anther walls and pollen development are responsible for the reduced spikelet fertility and grain yield of the tested heat susceptible variety, and noninvasive anthers and pollen formation in response to HT were associated with improved heat tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuqian Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wencheng Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qifan Lu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianliang Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaobing Peng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kehui Cui
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
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21
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Wang Y, Impa SM, Sunkar R, Jagadish SVK. The neglected other half - role of the pistil in plant heat stress responses. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:2200-2210. [PMID: 33866576 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress coinciding with reproductive stage leads to a significant loss in reproductive organs viability, resulting in lower seed-set and crop productivity. Successful fertilization and seed formation are determined by the viability of male and female reproductive organs. The impact of heat stress on the male reproductive organ (pollen) is studied more often compared to the female reproductive organ (pistil). This is attributed to easier accessibility of the pollen coupled with the notion that the pistil's role in fertilization and seed-set under heat stress is negligible. However, depending on species and developmental stages, recent studies reveal varying degrees of sensitivity of the pistil to heat stress. Remarkably, in some cases, the vulnerability of the pistil is even greater than the pollen. This article summarizes the current knowledge of the impact of heat stress on three critical stages of pistil for successful seed-set, that is, female reproductive organ development (gametogenesis), pollen-pistil interactions including pollen capture on stigma and pollen tube growth in style, as well as fertilization and early embryogenesis. Further, future research directions are suggested to unravel molecular basis of heat stress tolerance in pistil, which is critical for sustaining crop yields under predicted warming scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - S M Impa
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Ramanjulu Sunkar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
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22
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Santiago JP, Soltani A, Bresson MM, Preiser AL, Lowry DB, Sharkey TD. Contrasting anther glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities between two bean varieties suggest an important role in reproductive heat tolerance. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:2185-2199. [PMID: 33783858 PMCID: PMC8360076 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) are highly sensitive to elevated temperatures, and rising global temperatures threaten bean production. Plants at the reproductive stage are especially susceptible to heat stress due to damage to male (anthers) and female (ovary) reproductive tissues, with anthers being more sensitive to heat. Heat damage promotes early tapetal cell degradation, and in beans this was shown to cause male infertility. In this study, we focus on understanding how changes in leaf carbon export in response to elevated temperature stress contribute to heat-induced infertility. We hypothesize that anther glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) activity plays an important role at elevated temperature and promotes thermotolerance. To test this hypothesis, we compared heat-tolerant and susceptible common bean genotypes using a combination of phenotypic, biochemical, and physiological approaches. Our results identified changes in leaf sucrose export, anther sugar accumulation and G6PDH activity and anther H2 O2 levels and antioxidant-related enzymes between genotypes at elevated temperature. Further, anther respiration rate was found to be lower at high temperature in both bean varieties. Overall, our results support the hypothesis that enhanced male reproductive heat tolerance involves changes in the anther oxidative pentose phosphate pathway, which supplies reductants to critical H2 O2 scavenging enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P. Santiago
- Michigan State University‐Department of Energy Plant Research LaboratoryMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
| | - Ali Soltani
- Department of Plant BiologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
| | - Madeline M. Bresson
- Michigan State University‐Department of Energy Plant Research LaboratoryMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
| | - Alyssa L. Preiser
- Michigan State University‐Department of Energy Plant Research LaboratoryMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
| | - David B. Lowry
- Department of Plant BiologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
| | - Thomas D. Sharkey
- Michigan State University‐Department of Energy Plant Research LaboratoryMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
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23
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Qin-Di D, Gui-Hua J, Xiu-Neng W, Zun-Guang M, Qing-Yong P, Shiyun C, Yu-Jian M, Shuang-Xi Z, Yong-Xiang H, Yu L. High temperature-mediated disturbance of carbohydrate metabolism and gene expressional regulation in rice: a review. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2021; 16:1862564. [PMID: 33470154 PMCID: PMC7889029 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2020.1862564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Global warming has induced higher frequencies of excessively high-temperature weather episodes, which pose damage risk to rice growth and production. Past studies seldom specified how high temperature-induced carbohydrate metabolism disturbances from both source and sink affect rice fertilization and production. Here we discuss the mechanism of heat-triggered damage to rice quality and production through disturbance of carbohydrate generation and consumption under high temperatures. Furthermore, we provide strong evidence from past studies that rice varieties that maintain high photosynthesis and carbohydrate usage efficiencies under high temperatures will suffer less heat-induced damage during reproductive developmental stages. We also discuss the complexity of expressional regulation of rice genes in response to high temperatures, while highlighting the important roles of heat-inducible post-transcriptional regulations of gene expression. Lastly, we predict future directions in heat-tolerant rice breeding and also propose challenges that need to be conquered in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deng Qin-Di
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang,China
| | - Jian Gui-Hua
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang,China
| | - Wang Xiu-Neng
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang,China
| | - Mo Zun-Guang
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang,China
| | - Peng Qing-Yong
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang,China
| | - Chen Shiyun
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang,China
| | - Mo Yu-Jian
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang,China
| | - Zhou Shuang-Xi
- New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Hawke’s Bay,New Zealand
| | - Huang Yong-Xiang
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang,China
| | - Ling Yu
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang,China
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24
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Li G, Chen T, Feng B, Peng S, Tao L, Fu G. Respiration, Rather Than Photosynthesis, Determines Rice Yield Loss Under Moderate High-Temperature Conditions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:678653. [PMID: 34249047 PMCID: PMC8264589 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.678653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis is an important biophysical and biochemical reaction that provides food and oxygen to maintain aerobic life on earth. Recently, increasing photosynthesis has been revisited as an approach for reducing rice yield losses caused by high temperatures. We found that moderate high temperature causes less damage to photosynthesis but significantly increases respiration. In this case, the energy production efficiency is enhanced, but most of this energy is allocated to maintenance respiration, resulting in an overall decrease in the energy utilization efficiency. In this perspective, respiration, rather than photosynthesis, may be the primary contributor to yield losses in a high-temperature climate. Indeed, the dry matter weight and yield could be enhanced if the energy was mainly allocated to the growth respiration. Therefore, we proposed that engineering smart rice cultivars with a highly efficient system of energy production, allocation, and utilization could effectively solve the world food crisis under high-temperature conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyan Li
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
- Crop Production and Physiology Center (CPPC), College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tingting Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Baohua Feng
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shaobing Peng
- Crop Production and Physiology Center (CPPC), College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Longxing Tao
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Longxing Tao,
| | - Guanfu Fu
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
- Guanfu Fu,
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25
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Chen J, Miao W, Fei K, Shen H, Zhou Y, Shen Y, Li C, He J, Zhu K, Wang Z, Yang J. Jasmonates Alleviate the Harm of High-Temperature Stress During Anthesis to Stigma Vitality of Photothermosensitive Genetic Male Sterile Rice Lines. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:634959. [PMID: 33854518 PMCID: PMC8039518 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.634959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Using photothermosensitive genic male sterile (PTSGMS) rice (Oryza sativa L.) lines to produce hybrids can obtain great heterosis. However, PTSGMS rice lines exhibit low stigma vitality when high-temperature (HT) stress happens during anthesis. Jasmonates (JAs) are novel phytohormones and play vital roles in mediating biotic and abiotic stresses. Little is known, however, if and how JAs could alleviate the harm of HT stress during anthesis to the stigma vitality of PTSGMS lines. This study investigated the question. Two PTSGMS lines and one restorer line of rice were pot-grown and subjected to normal temperature and HT stress during anthesis. The stigma exertion rate, sigma fresh weight, stigma area, contents of JAs, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and ascorbic acid (AsA), activity of catalase in stigmas, and the number of pollens germinated on the stigma of PTSGMS lines were determined. The results showed that a rice line with higher JAs content in the stigma under HT stress showed lower H2O2 content, higher AsA content and catalase activity in stigmas, larger stigma area, heavier stigma fresh weight, more pollens germinated on the stigma, and higher fertilization and seed-setting and rates. Applying methyl JAs during anthesis to rice panicles decreased the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and enhanced stigma vitality, thereby increasing fertilization and seed-setting rates of the hybrids of PTSGMS rice lines under HT stress. The results demonstrate that JAs attenuate the injury of HT stress to the stigma vitality of PTSGMS rice lines through enhancing antioxidant ability.
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26
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Yang J, Fei K, Chen J, Wang Z, Zhang W, Zhang J. Jasmonates alleviate spikelet‐opening impairment caused by high temperature stress during anthesis of photo‐thermo‐sensitive genic male sterile rice lines. Food Energy Secur 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/fes3.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jianchang Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/ Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology Agricultural College of Yangzhou University Yangzhou China
| | - Keqi Fei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/ Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology Agricultural College of Yangzhou University Yangzhou China
| | - Jing Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/ Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology Agricultural College of Yangzhou University Yangzhou China
| | - Zhiqin Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/ Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology Agricultural College of Yangzhou University Yangzhou China
| | - Weiyang Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/ Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology Agricultural College of Yangzhou University Yangzhou China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Biology Hong Kong Baptist University Hong Kong China
- School of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China
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27
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Yu P, Jiang N, Fu W, Zheng G, Li G, Feng B, Chen T, Ma J, Li H, Tao L, Fu G. ATP Hydrolysis Determines Cold Tolerance by Regulating Available Energy for Glutathione Synthesis in Rice Seedling Plants. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 13:23. [PMID: 32274603 PMCID: PMC7145886 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-020-00383-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glutathione (GSH) is important for plants to resist abiotic stress, and a large amount of energy is required in the process. However, it is not clear how the energy status affects the accumulation of GSH in plants under cold stress. RESULTS Two rice pure lines, Zhongzao39 (ZZ39) and its recombinant inbred line 82 (RIL82) were subjected to cold stress for 48 h. Under cold stress, RIL82 suffered more damages than ZZ39 plants, in which higher increases in APX activity and GSH content were showed in the latter than the former compared with their respective controls. This indicated that GSH was mainly responsible for the different cold tolerance between these two rice plants. Interestingly, under cold stress, greater increases in contents of carbohydrate, NAD(H), NADP(H) and ATP as well as the expression levels of GSH1 and GSH2 were showed in RIL82 than ZZ39 plants. In contrast, ATPase content in RIL82 plants was adversely inhibited by cold stress while it increased significantly in ZZ39 plants. This indicated that cold stress reduced the accumulation of GSH in RIL82 plants mainly due to the inhibition on ATP hydrolysis rather than energy deficit. CONCLUSION We inferred that the energy status determined by ATP hydrolysis involved in regulating the cold tolerance of plants by controlling GSH synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinghui Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006 China
| | - Ning Jiang
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006 China
| | - Weimeng Fu
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006 China
| | - Guangjie Zheng
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006 China
| | - Guangyan Li
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006 China
| | - Baohua Feng
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006 China
| | - Tingting Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006 China
| | - Jiaying Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006 China
| | - Hubo Li
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006 China
| | - Longxing Tao
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006 China
| | - Guanfu Fu
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006 China
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