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van den Bosch QCC, de Klein A, Verdijk RM, Kiliç E, Brosens E. Uveal melanoma modeling in mice and zebrafish. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189055. [PMID: 38104908 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.189055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Despite extensive research and refined therapeutic options, the survival for metastasized uveal melanoma (UM) patients has not improved significantly. UM, a malignant tumor originating from melanocytes in the uveal tract, can be asymptomatic and small tumors may be detected only during routine ophthalmic exams; making early detection and treatment difficult. UM is the result of a number of characteristic somatic alterations which are associated with prognosis. Although UM morphology and biology have been extensively studied, there are significant gaps in our understanding of the early stages of UM tumor evolution and effective treatment to prevent metastatic disease remain elusive. A better understanding of the mechanisms that enable UM cells to thrive and successfully metastasize is crucial to improve treatment efficacy and survival rates. For more than forty years, animal models have been used to investigate the biology of UM. This has led to a number of essential mechanisms and pathways involved in UM aetiology. These models have also been used to evaluate the effectiveness of various drugs and treatment protocols. Here, we provide an overview of the molecular mechanisms and pharmacological studies using mouse and zebrafish UM models. Finally, we highlight promising therapeutics and discuss future considerations using UM models such as optimal inoculation sites, use of BAP1mut-cell lines and the rise of zebrafish models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quincy C C van den Bosch
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annelies de Klein
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert M Verdijk
- Department of Pathology, Section of Ophthalmic Pathology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Emine Kiliç
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erwin Brosens
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Cerivastatin Synergizes with Trametinib and Enhances Its Efficacy in the Therapy of Uveal Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030886. [PMID: 36765842 PMCID: PMC9913575 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastatic uveal melanoma (MUM) is a highly aggressive, therapy-resistant disease. Driver mutations in Gα-proteins GNAQ and GNA11 activate MAP-kinase and YAP/TAZ pathways of oncogenic signalling. MAP-kinase and MEK-inhibitors do not significantly block MUM progression, likely due to persisting YAP/TAZ signalling. Statins inhibit YAP/TAZ activation by blocking the mevalonate pathway, geranyl-geranylation, and subcellular localisation of the Rho-GTPase. We investigated drugs that affect the YAP/TAZ pathway, valproic acid, verteporfin and statins, in combination with MEK-inhibitor trametinib. METHODS We established IC50 values of the individual drugs and monitored the effects of their combinations in terms of proliferation. We selected trametinib and cerivastatin for evaluation of cell cycle and apoptosis. Synergism was detected using isobologram and Chou-Talalay analyses. The most synergistic combination was tested in vivo. RESULTS Synergistic concentrations of trametinib and cerivastatin induced a massive arrest of proliferation and cell cycle and enhanced apoptosis, particularly in the monosomic, BAP1-mutated UPMM3 cell line. The combined treatment reduced ERK and AKT phosphorylation, increased the inactive, cytoplasmatic form of YAP and significantly impaired the growth of UM cells with monosomy of chromosome 3 in NSG mice. CONCLUSION Statins can potentiate the efficacy of MEK inhibitors in the therapy of UM.
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De Herdt MJ, van der Steen B, Baatenburg de Jong RJ, Looijenga LHJ, Koljenović S, Hardillo JA. The Occurrence of MET Ectodomain Shedding in Oral Cancer and Its Potential Impact on the Use of Targeted Therapies. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14061491. [PMID: 35326642 PMCID: PMC8946088 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Head and neck cancer is the sixth most common cancer type worldwide, comprising tumors of the upper aero/digestive tract. Approximately 50% of these cancers originate in the oral cavity. Depending on disease stage, oral cancer patients are treated with single-modality surgery, or in combination with radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy. Despite advances in these modalities, the 5-year survival rate is merely 50%. Therefore, implementation of targeted therapies, directed against signaling molecules, has gained attention. One potential target is the MET protein, which can be present on the surface of cancer cells, orchestrating aggressive behavior. As cancer cells can shed the extracellular part of MET from their surface, it is important to identify for MET positive patients whether they possess the entire and/or only the intracellular part of the receptor to assess whether targeted therapies directed against the extracellular, intracellular, or both parts of MET need to be implemented. Abstract The receptor tyrosine kinase MET has gained attention as a therapeutic target. Although MET immunoreactivity is associated with progressive disease, use of targeted therapies has not yet led to major survival benefits. A possible explanation is the lack of companion diagnostics (CDx) that account for proteolytic processing. During presenilin-regulated intramembrane proteolysis, MET’s ectodomain is shed into the extracellular space, which is followed by γ-secretase-mediated cleavage of the residual membranous C-terminal fragment. The resulting intracellular fragment is degraded by the proteasome, leading to downregulation of MET signaling. Conversely, a membrane-bound MET fragment lacking the ectodomain (MET-EC-) can confer malignant potential. Use of C- and N-terminal MET monoclonal antibodies (moAbs) has illustrated that MET-EC- occurs in transmembranous C-terminal MET-positive oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Here, we propose that ectodomain shedding, resulting from G-protein-coupled receptor transactivation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling, and/or overexpression of ADAM10/17 and/or MET, stabilizes and possibly activates MET-EC- in OSCC. As MET-EC- is associated with poor prognosis in OSCC, it potentially has impact on the use of targeted therapies. Therefore, MET-EC- should be incorporated in the design of CDx to improve patient stratification and ultimately prolong survival. Hence, MET-EC- requires further investigation seen its oncogenic and predictive properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J. De Herdt
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Erasmus MC, Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (B.v.d.S.); (R.J.B.d.J.); (J.A.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-10-7044490
| | - Berdine van der Steen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Erasmus MC, Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (B.v.d.S.); (R.J.B.d.J.); (J.A.H.)
| | - Robert J. Baatenburg de Jong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Erasmus MC, Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (B.v.d.S.); (R.J.B.d.J.); (J.A.H.)
| | - Leendert H. J. Looijenga
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands;
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Senada Koljenović
- Department of Pathology, Antwerp University Hospital, 2650 Edegem, Belgium;
| | - Jose A. Hardillo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Erasmus MC, Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (B.v.d.S.); (R.J.B.d.J.); (J.A.H.)
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Ambrosini G, Rai AJ, Carvajal RD, Schwartz GK. Uveal melanoma exosomes induce a pro-metastatic microenvironment through macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF). Mol Cancer Res 2022; 20:661-669. [PMID: 34992145 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-21-0526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) is a rare melanoma subtype different from cutaneous melanoma, with high incidence of liver metastasis and poor prognosis. Cancer cell derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been shown to induce pro-inflammatory and pro-metastatic signaling in the tumor microenvironment and at distant sites. The characterization of UM exosome cargo and its role in metastatic spread is essential to identify targets and intervene in the early stages of metastatic development. Our study characterizes the proteomic content of UM exosomes and identified the presence of markers with metastatic properties. We demonstrated that UM exosomes induce activation of cell signaling pathways and the release of cytokines and growth factors from hepatocytes. These exosome-stimulated liver cells could in turn induce migration of UM cells, confirming that the exosomes have a functional role in the crosstalk between these two cell types. We found that the pro-inflammatory cytokine macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) was a major player in these mechanisms and its blockade inhibited cell migration in co-culture with exosome-stimulated hepatocytes and prevented the development of metastases in vivo. Targeting MIF in the early stages of metastasis may represent a novel adjuvant drug therapy to prevent metastatic spread in uveal melanoma. Implications: This study provides the first in vivo evidence that MIF inhibition may serve as a novel adjuvant drug therapy to prevent metastasis in uveal melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alex J Rai
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center
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Huang L, Chen J, Quan J, Xiang D. Rosmarinic acid inhibits proliferation and migration, promotes apoptosis and enhances cisplatin sensitivity of melanoma cells through inhibiting ADAM17/EGFR/AKT/GSK3β axis. Bioengineered 2021; 12:3065-3076. [PMID: 34224305 PMCID: PMC8806498 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1941699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rosmarinic acid (RA), a naturally occurring polyphenolic compound, exerts multiple biological properties including anti-cancer. The metalloprotease, a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17 (ADAM17), can activate ligands of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and contribute to tumor progression. We aimed to investigate whether RA could exhibit anti-cancer effects in melanoma cells through down-regulating ADAM17. The human melanoma A375 cells were exposed to RA, then cell viability, migration, invasion, apoptosis, melanin content and the expression of ADAM17/EGFR/AKT/GSK3β were evaluated. The viability of cells exposed to RA in the presence of cisplatin (Cis) was measured by CCK-8. Cells were overexpressed with ADAM17 in the absence or presence of RA and ADAM17 inhibitor (TACE prodomain; TPD) co-treatment, then the above cellular processes were also observed. Results showed that A375 cells treated with RA showed significant lower cell viability, proliferation, migrative and invasive abilities, melanin content and expression of related proteins including MMP2 and MMP9, compared with normal cells. RA enhanced the ratio of TUINEL-positive cells, the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins, but reduced Bcl-2 expression. RA co-treatment increased the inhibitory effect of Cis on cell viability. RA inhibited the expression of ADAM17/EGFR/AKT/GSK3β, which was further suppressed by TPD. Moreover, ADAM17 overexpression blocked all the effects of RA whereas TPD treatment generated an opposite function. In conclusion, RA exerted obvious inhibitory effect on melanoma cell proliferation, migration and invasion, but promotive effect on cells apoptosis. Addition, the showing of this characteristic of RA may rely on inhibiting the expression of ADAM17/EGFR/AKT/GSK3β axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Jiangjin Central Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiangyan Chen
- Department of Oncology, Jiangjin Central Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Jin Quan
- Department of Oncology, Jiangjin Central Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Debing Xiang
- Department of Oncology, Jiangjin Central Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
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Yang C, Wang Y, Hardy P. Emerging roles of microRNAs and their implications in uveal melanoma. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:545-559. [PMID: 32783068 PMCID: PMC11072399 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03612-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common intraocular malignant tumor in adults with an extremely high mortality rate. Genetic and epigenetic dysregulation contribute to the development of UM. Recent discoveries have revealed dysregulation of the expression levels of microRNAs (miRNAs) as one of the epigenetic mechanisms underlying UM tumorigenesis. Based on their roles, miRNAs are characterized as either oncogenic or tumor suppressive. This review focuses on the roles of miRNAs in UM tumorigenesis, diagnosis, and prognosis, as well as their therapeutic potentials. Particularly, the actions of collective miRNAs are summarized with respect to their involvement in major, aberrant signaling pathways that are implicated in the development and progression of UM. Elucidation of the underlying functional mechanisms and biological aspects of miRNA dysregulation in UM is invaluable in the development of miRNA-based therapeutics, which may be used in combination with conventional treatments to improve therapeutic outcomes. In addition, the expression levels of some miRNAs are correlated with UM initiation and progression and, therefore, may be used as biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Yang
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pharmacology, and Physiology, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Yuejiao Wang
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Pierre Hardy
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pharmacology, and Physiology, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1C5, Canada.
- Research Center of CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Room 2.17.004, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1C5, Canada.
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Potential Onco-Suppressive Role of miR122 and miR144 in Uveal Melanoma through ADAM10 and C-Met Inhibition. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061468. [PMID: 32512881 PMCID: PMC7352235 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) is a rare tumor of the eye that leads to deadly metastases in about half of the patients. ADAM10 correlates with c-Met expression in UM and high levels of both molecules are related to the development of metastases. MiR122 and miR144 modulate ADAM10 and c-Met expression in different settings. We hypothesized a potential onco-suppressive role for miR122 and miR144 through modulation of ADAM10 and c-Met in UM. We analyzed the UM Cancer Genome Atlas data portal (TCGA) dataset, two other cohorts of primary tumors and five human UM cell lines for miR122 and miR144 expression by miR microarray, RT-qPCR, Western blotting, miR transfection and luciferase reporter assay. Our results indicate that miR122 and miR144 are expressed at low levels in the UM cell lines and in the TCGA UM dataset and were down-modulated in a cohort of seven UM samples, compared to normal choroid. Both miR122 and miR144 directly targeted ADAM10 and c-Met. Overexpression of miR122 and miR144 led to reduced expression of ADAM10 and c-Met in the UM cell lines and impaired cell proliferation, migration, cell cycle and shedding of c-Met ecto-domain. Our results show that miR122 and miR144 display an onco-suppressive role in UM through ADAM10 and c-Met modulation.
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Bustamante P, Piquet L, Landreville S, Burnier JV. Uveal melanoma pathobiology: Metastasis to the liver. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 71:65-85. [PMID: 32450140 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) is a type of intraocular tumor with a propensity to disseminate to the liver. Despite the identification of the early driver mutations during the development of the pathology, the process of UM metastasis is still not fully comprehended. A better understanding of the genetic, molecular, and environmental factors participating to its spread and metastatic outgrowth could provide additional approaches for UM treatment. In this review, we will discuss the advances made towards the understanding of the pathogenesis of metastatic UM, summarize the current and prospective treatments, and introduce some of the ongoing research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prisca Bustamante
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada; Experimental Pathology Unit, Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Léo Piquet
- Département d'ophtalmologie et d'ORL-CCF, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada; CUO-Recherche and Axe médecine régénératrice, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada; Centre de recherche sur le cancer de l'Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada; Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Solange Landreville
- Département d'ophtalmologie et d'ORL-CCF, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada; CUO-Recherche and Axe médecine régénératrice, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada; Centre de recherche sur le cancer de l'Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada; Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Julia V Burnier
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada; Experimental Pathology Unit, Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montréal, Canada; Gerald Bronfman Department Of Oncology, McGill University, Montréal, Canada.
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ADAM10 promotes cell growth, migration, and invasion in osteosarcoma via regulating E-cadherin/β-catenin signaling pathway and is regulated by miR-122-5p. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:99. [PMID: 32256208 PMCID: PMC7106760 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01174-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osteosarcoma is a malignant bone tumor. Increasing evidences have revealed that a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 10 (ADAM10) is implicated in tumor development. The main purpose of this study is to explore the effects of ADAM10 on osteosarcoma cell functions and the underlying molecular mechanisms. Methods Western blot and quantitative real-time PCR were performed to detect the expression of ADAM10 in one osteoblast (hFOB 1.19) and six osteosarcoma cells (Saos-2, SW1353, HOS, U-2OS, MG63, and 143B). The biological functions of ADAM10 in osteosarcoma cells were measured by cell counting kit-8 assay, flow cytometry, wound healing assay, and transwell assay. The interaction between miR-122-5p and ADAM10 was validated using dual-luciferase reporter assay. The effect of ADAM10 on the tumorigenicity of osteosarcoma cells was evaluated in a nude mice model in vivo. Results We found that the expression of ADAM10 was relatively high in osteosarcoma cells compared with that in osteoblast. ADAM10 promoted osteosarcoma cell growth, migration, and invasion. Mechanism studies showed that knockdown of ADAM10 inactivated E-cadherin/β-catenin signaling pathway, as evidenced by increased the level of E-cadherin, reduced nuclear translocation of β-catenin, and decreased the levels of MMP-9, Cyclin D1, c-Myc, and Survivin. Downregulation of ADAM10 suppressed the tumorigenicity of osteosarcoma cells in vivo. Furthermore, ADAM10 was validated to be a downstream target of microRNA-122-5p (miR-122-5p). MiR-122-5p-induced inhibition of cell proliferation, migration, and invasion was reversed by overexpression of ADAM10 in osteosarcoma cells. Conclusions Collectively, the key findings of this study are that ADAM10 promotes osteosarcoma cell proliferation, migration, and invasion by regulating E-cadherin/β-catenin signaling pathway, and miR-122-5p can target ADAM10, indicating that miR-122-5p/ADAM10 axis might serve as a therapeutic target of osteosarcoma.
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Richards JR, Yoo JH, Shin D, Odelberg SJ. Mouse models of uveal melanoma: Strengths, weaknesses, and future directions. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2020; 33:264-278. [PMID: 31880399 PMCID: PMC7065156 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Uveal melanoma is the most common primary malignancy of the eye, and a number of discoveries in the last decade have led to a more thorough molecular characterization of this cancer. However, the prognosis remains dismal for patients with metastases, and there is an urgent need to identify treatments that are effective for this stage of disease. Animal models are important tools for preclinical studies of uveal melanoma. A variety of models exist, and they have specific advantages, disadvantages, and applications. In this review article, these differences are explored in detail, and ideas for new models that might overcome current challenges are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackson R. Richards
- Department of Oncological SciencesUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUTUSA
- Program in Molecular MedicineUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUTUSA
| | - Jae Hyuk Yoo
- Program in Molecular MedicineUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUTUSA
| | - Donghan Shin
- Program in Molecular MedicineUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUTUSA
| | - Shannon J. Odelberg
- Program in Molecular MedicineUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUTUSA
- Department of Internal MedicineDivision of Cardiovascular MedicineUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUTUSA
- Department of Neurobiology and AnatomyUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUTUSA
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Piaggio F, Tozzo V, Bernardi C, Croce M, Puzone R, Viaggi S, Patrone S, Barla A, Coviello D, Jager MJ, van der Velden PA, Zeschnigk M, Cangelosi D, Eva A, Pfeffer U, Amaro A. Secondary Somatic Mutations in G-Protein-Related Pathways and Mutation Signatures in Uveal Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11111688. [PMID: 31671564 PMCID: PMC6896012 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11111688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uveal melanoma (UM), a rare cancer of the eye, is characterized by initiating mutations in the genes G-protein subunit alpha Q (GNAQ), G-protein subunit alpha 11 (GNA11), cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 2 (CYSLTR2), and phospholipase C beta 4 (PLCB4) and by metastasis-promoting mutations in the genes splicing factor 3B1 (SF3B1), serine and arginine rich splicing factor 2 (SRSF2), and BRCA1-associated protein 1 (BAP1). Here, we tested the hypothesis that additional mutations, though occurring in only a few cases ("secondary drivers"), might influence tumor development. METHODS We analyzed all the 4125 mutations detected in exome sequencing datasets, comprising a total of 139 Ums, and tested the enrichment of secondary drivers in Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways that also contained the initiating mutations. We searched for additional mutations in the putative secondary driver gene protein tyrosine kinase 2 beta (PTK2B) and we developed new mutational signatures that explain the mutational pattern observed in UM. RESULTS Secondary drivers were significantly enriched in KEGG pathways that also contained GNAQ and GNA11, such as the calcium-signaling pathway. Many of the secondary drivers were known cancer driver genes and were strongly associated with metastasis and survival. We identified additional mutations in PTK2B. Sparse dictionary learning allowed for the identification of mutational signatures specific for UM. CONCLUSIONS A considerable part of rare mutations that occur in addition to known driver mutations are likely to affect tumor development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Piaggio
- Tumor Epigenetics; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy.
| | | | - Cinzia Bernardi
- Tumor Epigenetics; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy.
| | - Michela Croce
- Biotherapy; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy.
| | - Roberto Puzone
- Clinical Epidemiology, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy.
| | - Silvia Viaggi
- DISTAV, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy.
- IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy.
| | | | | | | | - Martine J Jager
- Laboratory of Human Genetics, Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Pieter A van der Velden
- Laboratory of Human Genetics, Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Michael Zeschnigk
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Clinics Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany.
| | - Davide Cangelosi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Eva
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy.
| | - Ulrich Pfeffer
- Tumor Epigenetics; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy.
| | - Adriana Amaro
- Tumor Epigenetics; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy.
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Wang F, Wang Q, Li N, Ge L, Yang M, An Y, Zhang G, Dong H, Ji S, Zhu W, Guo X. OSuvm: An interactive online consensus survival tool for uveal melanoma prognosis analysis. Mol Carcinog 2019; 59:56-61. [PMID: 31646691 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) is a rare, aggressive, but the most frequent primary intraocular malignancy in adults, and up to 50% of patients develop a tendency of liver metastases. Great efforts have been made to develop biomarkers that facilitate diagnosis, prediction of the risk, and response to treatment of UM. However, a biologically informative and highly accurate gold standard system for prognostic evaluation of UM remains to be established. To facilitate assessment of the prognosis of UM patients, we established a user-friendly Online consensus Survival tool for uveal melanoma, named OSuvm, by which users can easily estimate the prognostic values of genes of interest by the Kaplan-Meier survival plot with hazard ratio and log-rank test. OSuvm comprises four independent cohorts including 229 patients with both gene expression profiles and relevant clinical follow-up information, and it has shown great performance in evaluating the prognostic roles of previously reported biomarkers. Using OSuvm enables researchers and clinicians to rapidly and conveniently explore the prognostic value of genes of interest and develop new potential molecular biomarkers for UM. OSuvm can be accessed at http://bioinfo.henu.edu.cn/UVM/UVMList.jsp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengling Wang
- Department of Predictive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Cell Signal Transduction Laboratory, Bioinformatics Center, Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, School of Software, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Predictive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Cell Signal Transduction Laboratory, Bioinformatics Center, Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, School of Software, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Predictive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Cell Signal Transduction Laboratory, Bioinformatics Center, Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, School of Software, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Linna Ge
- Department of Predictive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Cell Signal Transduction Laboratory, Bioinformatics Center, Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, School of Software, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Mengsi Yang
- Department of Predictive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Cell Signal Transduction Laboratory, Bioinformatics Center, Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, School of Software, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yang An
- Department of Predictive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Cell Signal Transduction Laboratory, Bioinformatics Center, Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, School of Software, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Guosen Zhang
- Department of Predictive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Cell Signal Transduction Laboratory, Bioinformatics Center, Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, School of Software, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Huan Dong
- Department of Predictive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Cell Signal Transduction Laboratory, Bioinformatics Center, Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, School of Software, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Shaoping Ji
- Department of Predictive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Cell Signal Transduction Laboratory, Bioinformatics Center, Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, School of Software, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Wan Zhu
- Department of Anesthesia, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Xiangqian Guo
- Department of Predictive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Cell Signal Transduction Laboratory, Bioinformatics Center, Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, School of Software, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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13
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Croce M, Ferrini S, Pfeffer U, Gangemi R. Targeted Therapy of Uveal Melanoma: Recent Failures and New Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E846. [PMID: 31216772 PMCID: PMC6628160 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11060846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Among Uveal Melanoma (UM) driver mutations, those involving GNAQ or GNA11 genes are the most frequent, while a minor fraction of tumors bears mutations in the PLCB4 or CYSLTR2 genes. Direct inhibition of constitutively active oncoproteins deriving from these mutations is still in its infancy in UM, whereas BRAFV600E-targeted therapy has obtained relevant results in cutaneous melanoma. However, UM driver mutations converge on common downstream signaling pathways such as PKC/MAPK, PI3K/AKT, and YAP/TAZ, which are presently considered as actionable targets. In addition, BAP1 loss, which characterizes UM metastatic progression, affects chromatin structure via histone H2A deubiquitylation that may be counteracted by histone deacetylase inhibitors. Encouraging results of preclinical studies targeting signaling molecules such as MAPK and PKC were unfortunately not confirmed in early clinical studies. Indeed, a general survey of all clinical trials applying new targeted and immune therapy to UM displayed disappointing results. This paper summarizes the most recent studies of UM-targeted therapies, analyzing the possible origins of failures. We also focus on hyperexpressed molecules involved in UM aggressiveness as potential new targets for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Croce
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy.
| | | | - Ulrich Pfeffer
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy.
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14
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Yu X, Zheng H, Tse G, Chan MT, Wu WK. Long non-coding RNAs in melanoma. Cell Prolif 2018; 51:e12457. [PMID: 29582492 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the most lethal cutaneous cancer with a highly aggressive and metastatic phenotype. While recent genetic and epigenetic studies have shed new insights into the mechanism of melanoma development, the involvement of regulatory non-coding RNAs remain unclear. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a group of endogenous non-protein-coding RNAs with the capacity to regulate gene expression at multiple levels. Recent evidences have shown that lncRNAs can regulate many cellular processes, such as cell proliferation, differentiation, migration and invasion. In the melanoma, deregulation of a number of lncRNAs, such as HOTAIR, MALAT1, BANCR, ANRIL, SPRY-IT1 and SAMMSON, have been reported. Our review summarizes the functional role of lncRNAs in melanoma and their potential clinical application for diagnosis, prognostication and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yu
- Department of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Heyi Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Gary Tse
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong
| | - Matthew Tv Chan
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong
| | - William Kk Wu
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease and LKS Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong
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15
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Lee J, Kim KE, Cheon S, Song JH, Houh Y, Kim TS, Gil M, Lee KJ, Kim S, Kim D, Hur DY, Yang Y, Bang SI, Park HJ, Cho D. Interleukin-32α induces migration of human melanoma cells through downregulation of E-cadherin. Oncotarget 2018; 7:65825-65836. [PMID: 27589563 PMCID: PMC5323195 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-32α, the shortest isoform of proinflammatory cytokine IL-32, is associated with various inflammatory diseases and cancers. However, its involvement in human melanoma is not understood. To determine the effect of IL-32α in melanoma, IL-32α levels were examined in human melanoma cell lines that exhibit different migratory abilities. IL-32α levels were higher in human melanoma cell lines with more migratory ability. An IL-32α-overexpressing G361 human melanoma cell line was generated to investigate the effect of IL-32α on melanoma migration. IL-32α-overexpressing G361 cells (G361-IL-32α) exhibit an increased migratory ability compared to vector control cells (G361-vector). To identify factors involved in IL-32α-induced migration, we compared expression of E-cadherin in G361-vector and G361-IL-32α cells. We observed decreased levels of E-cadherin in G361-IL-32α cells, resulting in F-actin polymerization. To further investigate signaling pathways related to IL-32α-induced migration, we treated G361-vector and G361-IL-32α cells with PD98059, a selective MEK inhibitor. Inhibition of Erk1/2 by PD98059 restored E-cadherin expression and decreased IL-32α-induced migration. In addition, cell invasiveness of G361-IL-32α cells was tested using an in vivo lung metastasis model. As results, lung metastasis was significantly increased by IL-32α overexpression. Taken together, these data indicate that IL-32α induced human melanoma migration via Erk1/2 activation, which repressed E-cadherin expression. Our findings suggest that IL-32α is a novel regulator of migration in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joohyun Lee
- Department of Life Systems, Sookmyung Women's University, Yongsan-ku, Seoul 140-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Eun Kim
- Department of Cosmetic Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Yongsan-ku, Seoul 140-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoung Cheon
- Department of Life Systems, Sookmyung Women's University, Yongsan-ku, Seoul 140-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Han Song
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Younkyung Houh
- Department of Life Systems, Sookmyung Women's University, Yongsan-ku, Seoul 140-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Sung Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Minchan Gil
- Department of Cosmetic Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Yongsan-ku, Seoul 140-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Jin Lee
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 138-736, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonghan Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, 614-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Daejin Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, 614-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Young Hur
- Department of Anatomy, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, 614-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoolhee Yang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 135-710, Republic of Korea
| | - Sa Ik Bang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 135-710, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jeong Park
- Department of Dermatology, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 150-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Daeho Cho
- Department of Life Systems, Sookmyung Women's University, Yongsan-ku, Seoul 140-742, Republic of Korea.,Department of Cosmetic Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Yongsan-ku, Seoul 140-742, Republic of Korea
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16
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Shiu JS, Hsieh MJ, Chiou HL, Wang HL, Yeh CB, Yang SF, Chou YE. Impact of ADAM10 gene polymorphisms on hepatocellular carcinoma development and clinical characteristics. Int J Med Sci 2018; 15:1334-1340. [PMID: 30275760 PMCID: PMC6158669 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.27059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
A disintegrin and metalloprotease (ADAM) family proteins are type-I transmembrane glycoproteins with multiple functions in cell adhesion, migration, proteolysis and signaling. ADAM10 is a member of the ADAM family reportedly involved in cancer progression and has been shown to be overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues and significantly associated with tumor progression and shortened survival. This study investigated ADAM10's single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and their association to HCC development and regulation. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to analyze five SNPs of ADAM10 in 333 patients with HCC and 1196 controls without cancer. The results indicated that of the 333 patients with HCC, those who carried ADAM10 rs514049 (AC + CC) variants had a higher risk of developing lymph node metastasis (odds ratio [OR] = 5.087, p = 0.027), and those who carried ADAM10 rs653765 (GA + AA) variants had a higher risk of developing distant metastasis (OR = 3.346, p = 0.020) and higher levels of α-fetoprotein. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that the SNPs of ADAM10 are involved in HCC progression. ADAM10 SNPs may be used as therapeutic targets to evaluate poor prognoses for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jr-Shiang Shiu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Lo-Hsu Medical Foundation, Lotung Poh-Ai Hospital, Yilan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ju Hsieh
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ling Chiou
- School of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Ling Wang
- Department of Beauty Science, National Taichung University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Bin Yeh
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Erh Chou
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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17
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Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM), a rare cancer of the eye, is distinct from cutaneous melanoma by its etiology, the mutation frequency and profile, and its clinical behavior including resistance to targeted therapy and immune checkpoint blockers. Primary disease is efficiently controlled by surgery or radiation therapy, but about half of UMs develop distant metastasis mostly to the liver. Survival of patients with metastasis is below 1 year and has not improved in decades. Recent years have brought a deep understanding of UM biology characterized by initiating mutations in the G proteins GNAQ and GNA11. Cytogenetic alterations, in particular monosomy of chromosome 3 and amplification of the long arm of chromosome 8, and mutation of the BRCA1-associated protein 1, BAP1, a tumor suppressor gene, or the splicing factor SF3B1 determine UM metastasis. Cytogenetic and molecular profiling allow for a very precise prognostication that is still not matched by efficacious adjuvant therapies. G protein signaling has been shown to activate the YAP/TAZ pathway independent of HIPPO, and conventional signaling via the mitogen-activated kinase pathway probably also contributes to UM development and progression. Several lines of evidence indicate that inflammation and macrophages play a pro-tumor role in UM and in its hepatic metastases. UM cells benefit from the immune privilege in the eye and may adopt several mechanisms involved in this privilege for tumor escape that act even after leaving the niche. Here, we review the current knowledge of the biology of UM and discuss recent approaches to UM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Amaro
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Integrated Oncology Therapies, IRCCS AOU San Martino - IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, L.go Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Rosaria Gangemi
- Laboratory of Biotherapies, Department of Integrated Oncology Therapies, IRCCS AOU San Martino - IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesca Piaggio
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Integrated Oncology Therapies, IRCCS AOU San Martino - IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, L.go Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giovanna Angelini
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Integrated Oncology Therapies, IRCCS AOU San Martino - IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, L.go Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Gaia Barisione
- Laboratory of Biotherapies, Department of Integrated Oncology Therapies, IRCCS AOU San Martino - IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvano Ferrini
- Laboratory of Biotherapies, Department of Integrated Oncology Therapies, IRCCS AOU San Martino - IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genoa, Italy
| | - Ulrich Pfeffer
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Integrated Oncology Therapies, IRCCS AOU San Martino - IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, L.go Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy.
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18
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Francis JH, Levin AM, Abramson DH. Update on Ophthalmic Oncology 2014: Retinoblastoma and Uveal Melanoma. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) 2016; 5:368-82. [PMID: 27632029 DOI: 10.1097/apo.0000000000000213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to review peer-reviewed articles on ophthalmic oncology (specifically retinoblastoma and uveal melanoma) published from January to December 2014. DESIGN This study is a literature review. METHODS The terms retinoblastoma and uveal melanoma were used in a MEDLINE literature search. Abstracts were studied, and the most relevant articles were selected for inclusion and further in-depth review. RESULTS In retinoblastoma, more eyes are being salvaged due to intravitreal melphalan. The year 2014 marks a deepening in our understanding of the biological basis of the disease and the cell of origin. Knowledge on the genetic underpinnings of uveal melanoma has broadened to include other pathways, interactions, and potential therapeutic targets. CONCLUSIONS In 2014, there were valuable advancements in our knowledge of retinoblastoma and uveal melanoma. Some of these resulted in improved patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine H Francis
- From the *Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; and †Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY
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19
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Caltabiano R, Puzzo L, Barresi V, Ieni A, Loreto C, Musumeci G, Castrogiovanni P, Ragusa M, Foti P, Russo A, Longo A, Reibaldi M. ADAM 10 expression in primary uveal melanoma as prognostic factor for risk of metastasis. Pathol Res Pract 2016; 212:980-987. [PMID: 27546281 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Uveal melanoma is the most frequent primary intraocular neoplasm in adults. Although malignant melanoma may be located at any point in the uveal tract, the choroid and ciliary body are more frequent locations than the iris. In the present study, we examined ADAM10 expression levels in primary uveal melanoma both with and without metastasis, and we evaluated their association with other high risk characteristics for metastasis in order to assess if ADAM10 can be used to predict metastasis. This study included a total of 52 patients, 23 men and 29 women, with uveal melanoma. A significantly high expression of ADAM-10 was seen in patients with metastasis (11/13, 84.6%), but not in patients without metastasis (15/39, 38.5%). In conclusion we found that ADAM10 expression was associated with a more rapid metastatic progression confirming its role in uveal melanoma metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Caltabiano
- Department G.F. Ingrassia, Section of Anatomic Pathology, University of Catania, Italy.
| | - Lidia Puzzo
- Department G.F. Ingrassia, Section of Anatomic Pathology, University of Catania, Italy
| | - Valeria Barresi
- Department of Human Pathology, Section of Pathological Anatomy, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Ieni
- Department of Human Pathology, Section of Pathological Anatomy, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Carla Loreto
- Department of Bio-medical Sciences, Division of Anatomy and Histology, University of Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Musumeci
- Department of Bio-medical Sciences, Division of Anatomy and Histology, University of Catania, Italy
| | - Paola Castrogiovanni
- Department of Bio-medical Sciences, Division of Anatomy and Histology, University of Catania, Italy
| | - Marco Ragusa
- Department of Bio-medical Sciences, Section of Molecular Biomedicine, University of Catania, Italy
| | - Pietro Foti
- Radiodiagnostic and Radiotherapy Unit, University Hospital "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", Italy
| | - Andrea Russo
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Antonio Longo
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Michele Reibaldi
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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20
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Veinotte L, Gebremeskel S, Johnston B. CXCL16-positive dendritic cells enhance invariant natural killer T cell-dependent IFNγ production and tumor control. Oncoimmunology 2016; 5:e1160979. [PMID: 27471636 PMCID: PMC4938370 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1160979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Crosstalk interactions between dendritic cells (DCs) and invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are important in regulating antitumor responses elicited by glycolipid antigens. iNKT cells constitutively express the chemokine receptor CXCR6, while cytokine-activated DCs upregulate the transmembrane chemokine ligand, CXCL16. This study examined the co-stimulatory role of CXCR6/CXCL16 interactions in glycolipid-dependent iNKT cell activation and tumor control. Spleen and liver DCs in wild-type mice, but not iNKT cell deficient (Jα18−/−) mice, transiently upregulated surface CXCL16 following in vivo administration of the glycolipid antigen α-galactosylceramide. Recombinant CXCL16 did not directly induce iNKT cell activation in vitro but enhanced interferon (IFN)-γ production when mouse or human iNKT cells were stimulated with plate-bound anti-CD3. Compared with glycolipid-loaded CXCL16neg DCs, CXCL16hi DCs induced higher levels of IFNγ production in iNKT cell cultures and following adoptive transfer in vivo. The number of IFNγ+ iNKT cells and expansion of T-bet+ iNKT cells were reduced in vivo when CXCL16−/− DCs were used to activate iNKT cells. Enhanced IFNγ production in vivo was not dependent on CXCR6 expression on natural killer (NK) cells. Adoptive transfer of glycolipid-loaded CXCL16hi DCs provided superior protection against tumor metastasis compared to CXCL16neg DC transfers. Similarly, wild-type DCs provided superior protection against metastasis compared with CXCL16−/− DCs. These experiments implicate an important role for CXCR6/CXCL16 interactions in regulating iNKT cell IFNγ production and tumor control. The selective use of CXCL16hi DCs in adoptive transfer immunotherapies may prove useful for enhancing T helper (Th) type 1 responses and clinical outcomes in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linnea Veinotte
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Simon Gebremeskel
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Brent Johnston
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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21
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Qiu H, Tang X, Ma J, Shaverdashvili K, Zhang K, Bedogni B. Notch1 Autoactivation via Transcriptional Regulation of Furin, Which Sustains Notch1 Signaling by Processing Notch1-Activating Proteases ADAM10 and Membrane Type 1 Matrix Metalloproteinase. Mol Cell Biol 2015; 35:3622-32. [PMID: 26283728 PMCID: PMC4589600 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00116-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Notch1 is an evolutionarily conserved transmembrane receptor involved in melanoma growth. Notch1 is first cleaved by furin in the Golgi apparatus to produce the biologically active heterodimer. Following ligand binding, Notch1 is cleaved at the cell membrane by proteases such as ADAM10 and -17 and membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP), the latter of which we recently identified as a novel protease involved in Notch1 processing. The final cleavage is γ-secretase dependent and releases the active Notch intracellular domain (NIC). We now demonstrate that Notch1 directly regulates furin expression. Aside from activating Notch1, furin cleaves and activates several proteases, including MT1-MMP, ADAM10, and ADAM17. By chromatin immunoprecipitation and a reporter assay, we demonstrate that Notch1 binds at position -1236 of the furin promoter and drives furin expression. The Notch1-dependent enhancement of furin expression increases the activities of MT1-MMP and ADAM10 but not that of ADAM17, as demonstrated by short hairpin RNA (shRNA) knockdown of furin, and promotes the cleavage of Notch1 itself. These data highlight a novel positive-feedback loop whereby Notch1-dependent furin expression can induce Notch1 signaling by increasing Notch1 processing and by potentiating the activity of the proteases responsible for Notch1 activation. This leads to Notch1 signal amplification, which can promote melanoma tumor growth and progression, as demonstrated by the inhibition of cell migration and invasion upon furin inhibition downstream of Notch1. Disruption of such feedback signaling might represent an avenue for the treatment of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Qiu
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Xiaoying Tang
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Khvaramze Shaverdashvili
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Keman Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Barbara Bedogni
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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22
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You B, Shan Y, Shi S, Li X, You Y. Effects of ADAM10 upregulation on progression, migration, and prognosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Cancer Sci 2015; 106:1506-14. [PMID: 26310711 PMCID: PMC4714676 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
A disintegrin and metalloprotease 10 (ADAM10) is a typical member of the ADAMs family, which has been reported to be upregulated in various types of cancers and contribute to cancer progression and metastasis. However, little is known about the role of ADAM10 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). The purpose of this study is to explore ADAM10 expression status and its biological functions in NPC. We first examined the expression of ADAM10 in NPC tissues and cell lines by immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, PCR, and immunofluorescence analysis. We observed that ADAM10 was significantly elevated in NPC and its expression level was correlated with T classification (P = 0.044), distant metastasis (P = 0.016), TNM clinical stage (P = 0.013), and proliferation marker Ki‐67 expression (P = 0.001). Patients with NPC with high expression of ADAM10 had shorter overall survival rates. In addition, knockdown of ADAM10 by RNAi was found to inhibit the CNE‐2 cell proliferation and migration. Our findings hinted that overexpression of ADAM10 promotes the progression and migration of NPC, which makes it a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of tumor metastases in NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo You
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Ying Shan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Si Shi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xingyu Li
- Department of Pathology, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yiwen You
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
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