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Miranda-Blancas R, García-Gutiérrez P, Sánchez-Juárez C, Cardona-Echavarría MC, Flores-López R, Zubillaga RA, Rodríguez-Lima O, Sánchez-Pérez LDC, Rudiño-Piñera E, Landa A. Structural insights into sigma class glutathione transferase from Taenia solium: Analysis and functional implications. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2025; 19:e0013024. [PMID: 40445974 PMCID: PMC12124585 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0013024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2025] [Indexed: 06/02/2025] Open
Abstract
Neglected tropical diseases pose a significant threat to global health, especially in low- and middle-income countries where treatment options are inadequate and transmission risk factors persist. One example is neurocysticercosis caused by Taenia solium. Sigma class glutathione transferases (Sigma GSTs) are key regulators of Th1 inflammatory responses, making them promising targets for development of therapies and vaccines. This study presents the first report on the crystallographic structures of recombinant 24-kDa sigma class GST from T. solium (rTs24GST), which were determined at resolutions of 1.30 and 1.75 Å. The apo-form structures show the typical GST fold with distinct N- and C-terminal domains and highlight regions of notable flexibility near the G-site. Molecular dynamics simulations show that the presence of glutathione stabilizes the enzyme and reduces conformational fluctuations. Comparative analysis with other GSTs revealed conserved flexible regions that correlate with glutathione binding. These structural insights into rTs24GST can be associated with evolutionary adaptations for interacting with diverse substrates and could open new avenues for developing inhibitors and therapeutic strategies against neurocysticercosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Miranda-Blancas
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, México
| | | | - Cesar Sánchez-Juárez
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México, México
| | - María C. Cardona-Echavarría
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Laboratorio de Bioquímica Estructural, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Roberto Flores-López
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, México
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Unidad de Posgrado, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Edificio D, 1° Piso, Circuito de Posgrados, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Rafael A. Zubillaga
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Oscar Rodríguez-Lima
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, México
| | | | - Enrique Rudiño-Piñera
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Laboratorio de Bioquímica Estructural, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Abraham Landa
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, México
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Wakid MH, Alhawiti AO, Banjar AS, Qahwaji RM, Gattan HS, Alghanmi MS, Mahjoub HA, Al-Refai MF. Treating Hymenolepiasis with Pumpkin Seeds: Effect on Ileum Histology and Dwarf Tapeworm Morphology. Acta Parasitol 2025; 70:99. [PMID: 40299208 PMCID: PMC12041058 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-025-01042-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2025] [Accepted: 04/15/2025] [Indexed: 04/30/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hymenolepis nana is a worldwide intestinal tapeworm parasite that mainly infects children due to a lack of awareness and hygiene. Recently, Praziquantel (PZQ), the drug of choice for treating hymenolepiasis, has shown serious side effects. This study aimed to evaluate histological changes in the ileum of the small intestine caused by hymenolepiasis in an experimental animal model and to assess the efficacy of pumpkin seeds extract (PSE) in eliminating the parasite at different periods compared to medicinal treatment with PZQ drug. In addition, we investigated the morphological alterations in adult dwarf tapeworms after treatment with pumpkin seed extract. METHODS The histological examination of the small intestine was conducted among four experimental mice groups: normal non-infected control group, infected untreated group, infected and PZQ treated group, and the fourth group was infected and treated with PSE.The morphological investigations were performed on mice from the infected untreated group and those from the infected and treated with pumpkin seed extract group. RESULTS Treatment with PSE showed a noticeable preservation of the normal structure of villi and crypts with a normal thickness of the muscle layer. In addition, there was a marked decrease in the number of mononuclear leukocytes and goblet cells. This effect was observed to be duration dependent. The size of the mature segment in the untreated control group ranged from 342.85 to 415.38 μm, and 14.28-26.92 μm in length and width, respectively. The gravid segments revealed a uterus with eggs subjugating the entire area in the segment, with size ranges from 373.33 to 576.92 μm in length and 46.66-76.92 μm in width. The treated group with PSE showed mature segments with size ranged from 261.53 to 346.42 μm in length and 7.69-21.42 μm in width, while the gravid segments ranged from 30.76 to 50 μm and 414.28-492.30 μm, in width and length, respectively. The treatment with pumpkin seed extract tenanted the worm growth through an apparent reduction in the sizes of proglottids, deformity of the lateral margins and gonads, loss of internal structure, and reduction of egg production. CONCLUSION The results of this study clearly reveal the efficacy of pumpkin seeds on H. nana infection, a promising, safe, inexpensive natural alternative anthelmintic therapy, with more superior and significant results in improving and protecting mucosal integrity in comparison to PZQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majed H Wakid
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Anan O Alhawiti
- Central Sterilization Service Department, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa S Banjar
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Innovation in Personalized Medicine (CIPM), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rowaid M Qahwaji
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Hematology Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hattan S Gattan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maimonah S Alghanmi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haifaa A Mahjoub
- Biological Sciences Department, College of Sciences & Arts, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh, 21911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad F Al-Refai
- Medical Microbiology, Department of Medical Laboratories, King Fahd Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Karpisheh E, Sadjjadi SM. Report of a two-headed protoscolex of Echinococcus granulosus revealed by phase contrast microscopy in Shiraz, Iran. J Parasit Dis 2023; 47:692-695. [PMID: 37520207 PMCID: PMC10382460 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-023-01609-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato can produce cystic echinococcosis (CE)/hydatidosis in different hosts. Each CE cyst can produce numerous protoscoleces by its germinal layer in two forms: evaginated and invaginated. Usually, each protoscolex has one head consisting of a rostellum with two rows of hooks and four suckers. During a study of protoscolicidal agents on sheep Echinococcus granulosus protoscoleces, and investigations on their microscopic changes using Phase contrast microscopy, we observed a case of two- headed evaginated protoscolex. Two heads were attached to a unique bigger size of protoscolex body. Morphological observations showed its dimension around two times of usual protoscolex. There was no space between the bodies, hence one fused body was observed which was clearly shown by Phase contrast microscopy. Each head possessed two rows of hooks. Using micrometry all parts of the two-headed protoscolex, especially hooks were measured and photographed showing all aspects of its morphology including tegument, hooks, and two heads. Specific parts of two-headed protoscolex including suckers, hooks, also calcareous corpuscles were measured. The measurements on the two-headed protoscolex showed that the small hook blade length (SBL) and large hook blade length (LBL) were almost langer than one head protoscolex. A total of 120 calcareous corpuscles in two headed-protoscolex is much higher than one head protoscoleces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh Karpisheh
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 71345-1735, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahmoud Sadjjadi
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 71345-1735, Shiraz, Iran
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Fonti N, Parisi F, Mancianti F, Freer G, Poli A. Cancerogenic parasites in veterinary medicine: a narrative literature review. Infect Agent Cancer 2023; 18:45. [PMID: 37496079 PMCID: PMC10373346 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-023-00522-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Parasite infection is one of the many environmental factors that can significantly contribute to carcinogenesis and is already known to be associated with a variety of malignancies in both human and veterinary medicine. However, the actual number of cancerogenic parasites and their relationship to tumor development is far from being fully understood, especially in veterinary medicine. Thus, the aim of this review is to investigate parasite-related cancers in domestic and wild animals and their burden in veterinary oncology. Spontaneous neoplasia with ascertained or putative parasite etiology in domestic and wild animals will be reviewed, and the multifarious mechanisms of protozoan and metazoan cancer induction will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niccolò Fonti
- Dipartimento di Scienze veterinarie, Università di Pisa, Viale delle Piagge, 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Francesca Parisi
- Dipartimento di Scienze veterinarie, Università di Pisa, Viale delle Piagge, 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Mancianti
- Dipartimento di Scienze veterinarie, Università di Pisa, Viale delle Piagge, 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulia Freer
- Dipartimento di Ricerca Traslazionale e delle Nuove Tecnologie in Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Pisa, Via Savi, 10, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Poli
- Dipartimento di Scienze veterinarie, Università di Pisa, Viale delle Piagge, 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy
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Zhang S, Jin B, Liang W, Guo A, Luo X, Pu L, Chen X, Cai X, Wang S. Identification and expression analysis of a new small ubiquitin-like modifier from Taenia pisiformis. Exp Parasitol 2022; 242:108403. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2022.108403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Ito A, Budke CM. Perspectives on intestinal tapeworm infections: An evaluation of direct and indirect life-cycles with a special emphasis on species of Hymenolepis. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PARASITOLOGY & VECTOR-BORNE DISEASES 2021; 1:100023. [PMID: 35284891 PMCID: PMC8906094 DOI: 10.1016/j.crpvbd.2021.100023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Numerous experimental studies have been conducted on the rodent tapeworm, Hymenolepis microstoma. In contrast, less is known about the life-cycle and immunobiology of the zoonotic dwarf tapeworm, Hymenolepis nana. However, H. nana appears to be unique in that; (i) it can complete its entire life-cycle within a single mammalian host, and (ii) cysticercoids that develop in beetle intermediate hosts are tailed, while those that develop in the intestinal tissue of mammals are tailless. This is in contrast to all other Hymenolepis spp., which only appear to develop tailed cysticercoids in beetles or experimentally infected immunodeficient rodents. Even though H. microstoma and H. nana are phylogenetically much closer to each other than to Hymenolepis diminuta, when mice with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) were inoculated with H. microstoma eggs, hatched oncospheres invaded the intestinal tissue and developed into infective tailed cysticercoids in approximately 11 days. Therefore, H. nana appears to be truly unique in its ability to develop tailed cysticercoids in beetles and tailless cysticercoids in mammals. These unique evolutionary characteristics are discussed in relation to other cyclophyllidean cestodes, including Taenia solium and Echinococcus spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Ito
- Department of Parasitology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan
| | - Christine M. Budke
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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Al-Olayan E, Elamin M, Alshehri E, Aloufi A, Alanazi Z, Almayouf M, Bakr L, Abdel-Gaber R. Morphological, Molecular, and Pathological Appraisal of Hymenolepis nana (Hymenolepididae) Infecting Laboratory Mice ( Mus musculus). MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2020; 26:348-362. [PMID: 32131927 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927620000161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Hymenolepis nana, typically a parasite found in conventionally established mouse colonies, has zoonotic potential characterized by autoinfection and direct life cycle. The objective of this study was to determine the rate of parasite infection in laboratory mice. The hymenolepidide cestode infected 40% of the 50 mice sampled. The rate of infection in males (52%) was higher than in females (28%). Morphological studies on the cestode parasite showed that worms had a globular scolex with four suckers, a retractable rostellum with 20-30 hooks, and a short unsegmented neck. In addition, the remaining strobila consisted of immature, mature, and gravid proglottids, irregularly alternating genital pores, lobulated ovaries, postovarian vitelline glands, and uteri with up to 200 eggs in their gravid proglottids. The parasite taxonomy was confirmed by using molecular characterization based on the sequence analysis of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (mtCOX1) gene. The parasite recovered was up to 80% identical to other species in GenBank. High blast scores and low divergence were noted between the isolated parasite and previously described H. nana (gb| AP017666.1). The phylogenetic analysis using the COX1 sequence places this hymenolepidid species of the order Cyclophyllidea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebtsam Al-Olayan
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Elamin
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman Alshehri
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer Aloufi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Research Chair of Vaccines, Deanship of Scientific Research, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zainab Alanazi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mina Almayouf
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lamia Bakr
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Rewaida Abdel-Gaber
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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8
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Barrie U, Badejo O, Aoun SG, Adeyemo E, Moler N, Christian ZK, Caruso JP, El Ahmadieh TY, Ban VS, MacAllister MC, Reyes VP, Hall K, Whitworth L, Bagley CA. Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Management Strategies and Outcomes in Adult Spinal Neurocysticercosis. World Neurosurg 2020; 138:504-511.e8. [PMID: 32224269 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.03.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Spinal involvement in neurocysticercosis is rare and can lead to debilitating injury if not diagnosed and treated early. We aim to provide the reader with a thorough analysis of the best available evidence regarding patient characteristics, optimal treatment modality, and outcomes in cases of spinal neurocysticercosis. METHODS A systematic review of the literature using PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science electronic databases was made according to the PRISMA guidelines. An illustrative case of intramedullary-cervical spinal disease is also presented for illustrative purposes. RESULTS A total of 46 reports of 103 patients fitting the screening criteria were identified. Isolated spinal involvement was seen in 46.15% of patients. Most infections (76.92%) had an intradural extramedullary localization, with 43.27% of cases involving >1 spinal cord level. The most common presenting symptoms were motor deficits (77.88%), pain syndromes (64.42%), and sensory deficits (53.85%). Combined surgical resection and pharmacologic therapy was the most frequently used treatment modality (49.04%) and had the highest proportion of patients reporting symptomatic improvement at follow-up (78.43%). Combination therapy had a significantly higher rate of neurologic recovery compared with surgery alone (P = 0.004) or medical treatment (P = 0.035). CONCLUSIONS Spinal involvement in neurocysticercosis should be considered in patients from or who traveled to endemic areas presenting with ring-enhancing lesions. Combined treatment with surgery followed by cysticidal and steroid medication seems to be superior to surgery or medical treatment in isolation and seems to provide the highest chances of recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umaru Barrie
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Olatunde Badejo
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Salah G Aoun
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
| | - Emmanuel Adeyemo
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Nicole Moler
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Zachary K Christian
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - James P Caruso
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Tarek Y El Ahmadieh
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Vin Shen Ban
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Matthew C MacAllister
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Valery Peinado Reyes
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Kristen Hall
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Louis Whitworth
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Carlos A Bagley
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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9
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Basika T, Paludo GP, Araujo FM, Salim AC, Pais F, Maldonado L, Macchiaroli N, Camargo de Lima J, Rosenzvit M, Oliveira GC, Kamenetzky L, Ferreira HB. Transcriptomic profile of two developmental stages of the cestode parasite Mesocestoides corti. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2019; 229:35-46. [PMID: 30797776 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Cestode development involves complex morphological and physiological changes. Here, we performed a differential expression analysis of gene transcripts between two developmental stages of the model cestode Mesocestoides corti. A RNA-seq-based approach was used to compare the transcriptomes of the tetrathyridium (larval, TT) and strobilated worm (ST) stages of the parasite. We found 19,053 transcripts, from which ∼45% were complete matches to genes previously annotated in the available M. corti draft genome sequence, ∼24% were considered novel isoforms, and ∼24% were considered potential novel transcripts. Stage-specific transcripts were found for both TTs (66) and STs (136), along with shared transcripts significantly overrepresented in one stage (342 in TTs, and 559 in STs). Differential expression and Gene Ontology term enrichment analyzes provided evidence of upregulation of different sets of transcripts associated with 'cytoskeleton', 'metabolism' and 'oxidation-reduction' processes in each stage, suggesting functional involvement of the corresponding genes with stage-specific features. Transcripts and processes enriched in the TT reflect typical larval processes that occur with the parasite in the intermediate host, such as asexual reproduction and budding, as well as active migration from the peritoneum to the liver and vice versa. In STs, transcripts associated with 'development', 'cell growth', and 'morphogenesis' were enriched, along with processes related to sexual reproduction, represented by the upregulation of numerous transcription factors, protein kinases, and histones. Overall, our results contributed to significantly increase the knowledge on the M. corti gene repertoire and expression profile in two developmental stages. Functional implications for the biology of larval and adult cestode parasites and for host-parasite interactions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Basika
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural e Funcional, Centro de Biotecnologia (CBiot), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Cestódeos, CBiot, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, CBiot, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - G P Paludo
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural e Funcional, Centro de Biotecnologia (CBiot), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, CBiot, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - F M Araujo
- Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - A C Salim
- Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - F Pais
- Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - L Maldonado
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - N Macchiaroli
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J Camargo de Lima
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural e Funcional, Centro de Biotecnologia (CBiot), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, CBiot, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - M Rosenzvit
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - G C Oliveira
- Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Instituto Tecnológico Vale, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - L Kamenetzky
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - H B Ferreira
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural e Funcional, Centro de Biotecnologia (CBiot), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Cestódeos, CBiot, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, CBiot, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Biociências, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Ohno T, Kai T, Miyasaka Y, Maruyama H, Ishih A, Kino H. Intestinal immunity suppresses carrying capacity of rats for the model tapeworm, Hymenolepis diminuta. Parasitol Int 2018; 67:357-361. [PMID: 29448016 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Hymenolepis diminuta is a parasitic tapeworm of the rat small intestine and is recognized as a useful model for the analysis of cestode-host interactions. In this study, we analyzed factors affecting the biomass of the tapeworm through use of rat strains carrying genetic mutations, namely X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (xscid; T, B and NK cells deficiency), nude (rnu; T cell deficiency), and mast cell deficient rats. The worm biomass of F344-xscid rats after infection with 5 cysticercoids was much larger than control F344 rats from 3 to 8 weeks. The biomass of F344-rnu rats was also larger than the controls, but was intermediate between F344-xscid and control rats. These observations demonstrated that host immunity can control the maximal tapeworm biomass, i.e., carrying capacity, of the rat small intestine. Both T cell and other immune cells (B and NK cells) have roles in determining the carrying capacity of tapeworms. Total worm biomass and worm numbers in mast cell deficient rats (WsRC-Ws/Ws) were not significantly different from control WsRC-+/+ rats after 3 and 6 weeks of primary infection. Mast cell deficient rats displayed reinfection resistance for worm biomass but not worm expulsion. These findings suggest that the mast cell has a role for controlling the biomass of this tapeworm in reinfection alone, but does not affect the rate of worm expulsion. Overall, our findings indicate that the mast cell is not a major effector cell for the control of the carrying capacity of tapeworms. The identity of the major effector cell remains unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamio Ohno
- Division of Experimental Animals, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Takuya Kai
- Division of Experimental Animals, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuki Miyasaka
- Division of Experimental Animals, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Maruyama
- Division of Parasitology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Akira Ishih
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Hideto Kino
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
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11
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Ito A, Budke CM. The echinococcoses in Asia: The present situation. Acta Trop 2017; 176:11-21. [PMID: 28728830 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Human alveolar and cystic echinococcosis, caused by the accidental ingestion of eggs of the tapeworms Echinococcus multilocularis and Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato, respectively, are endemic in Asia. Various Echinococcus species are maintained in domesticated and/or wild mammals through predator-prey interactions. Molecular analysis is used to help differentiate infecting parasite species and genotypes, with the goal of better understanding parasite life cycles in order to aid in the planning and implementation of control programs. This paper discusses the various echinococcoses in Asia, with limited reference to neighboring areas, including parts of Central Asia, Russia, Europe and North America.
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12
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Pérez-Chacón G, Pocaterra LA, Rojas E, Hernán A, Jiménez JC, Núñez L. Coinfection with Hymenolepis nana, Hymenolepis diminuta, Giardia intestinalis, and Human Immunodeficiency Virus: A Case Report with Complex Immunologic Interactions. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2017; 96:1094-1096. [PMID: 28219994 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.16-0413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractWe describe the case of a 43-year-old human immunodeficiency virus-infected man receiving combined antiretroviral therapy and coinfected with Hymenolepis nana, Hymenolepis diminuta, and Giardia intestinalis, presenting as chronic diarrhea and critical weight loss. Immunological aspects of these interactions are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gladymar Pérez-Chacón
- Cátedra de Parasitología, Escuela de Medicina "José María Vargas," Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Leonor A Pocaterra
- Cátedra de Parasitología, Escuela de Medicina "José María Vargas," Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Elsy Rojas
- Laboratorio de Parasitosis Intestinales, Escuela de Medicina "José María Vargas," Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Aurora Hernán
- Cátedra de Parasitología, Escuela de Medicina "José María Vargas," Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Juan Carlos Jiménez
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica, Instituto de Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Luz Núñez
- Cátedra de Parasitología, Escuela de Medicina "José María Vargas," Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
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13
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Vendelova E, Hrčková G, Lutz MB, Brehm K, Nono JK. In vitro culture of Mesocestoides corti metacestodes and isolation of immunomodulatory excretory-secretory products. Parasite Immunol 2017; 38:403-13. [PMID: 27120409 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cestode-mediated diseases hold the interesting feature of persisting metacestode larvae dwelling within the host tissues, in the midst of the immune response. Excretory-secretory (ES) products of the metacestode larval stage modulate the host immune response and modify the outcome of the disease. Therefore, isolation and analysis of axenic metacestode ES products are crucial to study their properties. Here, we report the development of a system for long-term in vitro cultivation of the metacestode of the parasitic cestode Mesocestoides corti (syn. Mesocestoides vogae). Although feeder cells and host serum supported the early growth of the parasite, long-term survival was not dependent on host serum or host-derived factors enabling the collection of parasite released products in serum-free medium. Functionally, these axenic ES products recapitulated M. corti tetrathyridia's ability to inhibit LPS-driven IL-12p70 secretion by dendritic cells. Thus, our new axenic culture system will simplify the identification and characterization of M. corti-derived immunomodulatory factors that will indirectly enable the identification and characterization of corresponding factors in the metacestode larvae of medically relevant cestodes such as Echinococcus multilocularis that are not yet amenable to serum-free cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Vendelova
- Institute of Parasitology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - G Hrčková
- Institute of Parasitology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - M B Lutz
- Institute of Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - K Brehm
- Institute for Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - J K Nono
- Division of Immunology and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plant Studies (IMPM), Ministry of Scientific Research and Innovation, Yaoundé, Cameroon
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14
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Gripper LB, Welburn SC. Neurocysticercosis infection and disease-A review. Acta Trop 2017; 166:218-224. [PMID: 27880878 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is the most common parasitic disease of the human central nervous system (CNS), a pleomorphic disease with a diverse array of clinical manifestations. The infection is pleomorphic and dependent on a complex range of interconnecting factors, including number and size of the cysticerci, their stage of development and localisation within the brain with resulting difficulties in accurate diagnosis and staging of the disease. This review examines the factors that contribute to the accurate assessment of NCC distribution and transmission that are critical to achieving robust disease burden calculations. Control and prevention of T. solium transmission should be a key priority in global health as intervention can reduce the substantial healthcare and economic burdens inflicted by both NCC and taeniasis. Surveillance systems need to be better established, including implementing obligatory notification of cases. In the absence of reliable estimates of its global burden, NCC will remain-along with other endemic zoonoses, of low priority in the eyes of funding agencies-a truly neglected disease.
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15
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Wu HW, Ito A, Ai L, Zhou XN, Acosta LP, Lee Willingham A. Cysticercosis/taeniasis endemicity in Southeast Asia: Current status and control measures. Acta Trop 2017; 165:121-132. [PMID: 26802488 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The parasitic zoonoses cysticercosis/taeniasis is among the 17 major Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) identified by the WHO as a focus for research and control. It is caused by a larval stage (cysticercus) infection of Taenia solium tapeworm in both humans and pigs. Cysticercosis occurs in many resource-poor countries, especially those with warm and mild climates in the regions of Latin America (LA), Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The prevalence of human cysticercosis is marked in those areas where individuals are traditionally keen to consume raw or insufficiently cooked pork and/or where the husbandry of pigs is improper. The worldwide burden of cysticercosis is unclear and notably, large-scale control initiatives are lacking in all regions. This review focuses on the current endemic status of cysticercosis caused by T. solium infection in both humans and pigs living in 13 Southeast Asian countries. We will also emphasize epidemiological data as well as prevention and control of human neurocysticercosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Wei Wu
- Center for International Health Research, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University Medical School, Providence, RI, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University Medical School, Providence, RI, USA.
| | - Akira Ito
- Department of Parasitology and Neglected Tropical Diseases Research Laboratory, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Lin Ai
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Nong Zhou
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Luz P Acosta
- Department of Immunology, Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Alabang, Muntinlupa, Philippines
| | - Arve Lee Willingham
- One Health Center for Zoonoses and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, St. Kitts, West Indies
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16
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Vendelova E, Camargo de Lima J, Lorenzatto KR, Monteiro KM, Mueller T, Veepaschit J, Grimm C, Brehm K, Hrčková G, Lutz MB, Ferreira HB, Nono JK. Proteomic Analysis of Excretory-Secretory Products of Mesocestoides corti Metacestodes Reveals Potential Suppressors of Dendritic Cell Functions. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016; 10:e0005061. [PMID: 27736880 PMCID: PMC5063416 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidences have assigned a central role to parasite-derived proteins in immunomodulation. Here, we report on the proteomic identification and characterization of immunomodulatory excretory-secretory (ES) products from the metacestode larva (tetrathyridium) of the tapeworm Mesocestoides corti (syn. M. vogae). We demonstrate that ES products but not larval homogenates inhibit the stimuli-driven release of the pro-inflammatory, Th1-inducing cytokine IL-12p70 by murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs). Within the ES fraction, we biochemically narrowed down the immunosuppressive activity to glycoproteins since active components were lipid-free, but sensitive to heat- and carbohydrate-treatment. Finally, using bioassay-guided chromatographic analyses assisted by comparative proteomics of active and inactive fractions of the ES products, we defined a comprehensive list of candidate proteins released by M. corti tetrathyridia as potential suppressors of DC functions. Our study provides a comprehensive library of somatic and ES products and highlight some candidate parasite factors that might drive the subversion of DC functions to facilitate the persistence of M. corti tetrathyridia in their hosts. The metacestode larval stages of life-threatening tapeworms grow within the organs of its mammalian hosts, thus causing severe and long-lasting morbidity. Immunosuppression, which mainly depends on factors that are released or leaking from the parasite, plays an important role in both survival and proliferation of the larvae. These parasite-derived molecules are potential targets for developing new anti-parasitic drugs and/or improving the effectiveness of current therapies. Moreover, an optimized use of such factors could help to minimize pathologies resulting from uncontrolled immune responses, like allergies and autoimmune diseases. The authors herein demonstrate that larvae from a parasitic cestode release factors that sufficiently support the suppression of dendritic cells, a set of innate immune cells that recognizes and initiates host immune responses against invading pathogens. Employing modern analytic proteomic tools combined with immunological bioassays, several cestode-derived candidate immunomodulators were identified. This is the first bioassay-guided comprehensive library of candidate immunomodulators from a tissue-dwelling cestode larva. This work validates the unmet value of the Mesocestoides corti system in characterizing the mechanisms of host immunomodulation by metacestodes and reveals the largest database of candidate metacestode-derived immunomodulators until date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Vendelova
- Institute of Parasitology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Jeferson Camargo de Lima
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural e Funcional, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Karina Rodrigues Lorenzatto
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural e Funcional, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Karina Mariante Monteiro
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural e Funcional, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Biociências, (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Thomas Mueller
- Lehrstuhl für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie und Biophysik, Julius-von-Sachs Institut der Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Clemens Grimm
- Lehrstuhl für Biochemie, Biozentrum der Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Brehm
- University of Würzburg, Institute for Hygiene and Microbiology, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Gabriela Hrčková
- Institute of Parasitology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Manfred B. Lutz
- University of Würzburg, Institute of Virology and Immunobiology, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Henrique B. Ferreira
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural e Funcional, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Biociências, (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- * E-mail: (JKN); (HBF)
| | - Justin Komguep Nono
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Division of Immunology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plant Studies (IMPM), Ministry of Scientific Research and Innovation, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- * E-mail: (JKN); (HBF)
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17
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Nkouawa A, Haukisalmi V, Li T, Nakao M, Lavikainen A, Chen X, Henttonen H, Ito A. Cryptic diversity in hymenolepidid tapeworms infecting humans. Parasitol Int 2016; 65:83-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2015.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 10/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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19
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Muehlenbachs A, Bhatnagar J, Agudelo CA, Hidron A, Eberhard ML, Mathison BA, Frace MA, Ito A, Metcalfe MG, Rollin DC, Visvesvara GS, Pham CD, Jones TL, Greer PW, Vélez Hoyos A, Olson PD, Diazgranados LR, Zaki SR. Malignant Transformation of Hymenolepis nana in a Human Host. N Engl J Med 2015; 373:1845-52. [PMID: 26535513 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1505892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Neoplasms occur naturally in invertebrates but are not known to develop in tapeworms. We observed nests of monomorphic, undifferentiated cells in samples from lymph-node and lung biopsies in a man infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The morphologic features and invasive behavior of the cells were characteristic of cancer, but their small size suggested a nonhuman origin. A polymerase-chain-reaction (PCR) assay targeting eukaryotes identified Hymenolepis nana DNA. Although the cells were unrecognizable as tapeworm tissue, immunohistochemical staining and probe hybridization labeled the cells in situ. Comparative deep sequencing identified H. nana structural genomic variants that are compatible with mutations described in cancer. Invasion of human tissue by abnormal, proliferating, genetically altered tapeworm cells is a novel disease mechanism that links infection and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atis Muehlenbachs
- From the Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (A.M., J.B., M.G.M., D.C.R., T.L.J., P.W.G., S.R.Z.), Parasitic Diseases Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health (M.L.E., B.A.M.), Biotechnology Core Facility, Division of Scientific Resources, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (M.A.F.), Waterborne Disease Prevention Branch, Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (G.S.V.), and Mycotic Diseases Branch (C.D.P.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and Emory University School of Medicine (A.H.) - all in Atlanta; Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana School of Health Sciences (C.A.A., A.H., A.V.H., L.R.D.), Clínica Universitaria Bolivariana (C.A.A.), and Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe (A.H., A.V.H.), Medellín, and Centros Especializados de San Vicente Fundación, Rionegro (C.A.A.) - all in Colombia; Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan (A.I.); and the Department of Life Sciences, Division of Parasites and Vectors, Natural History Museum, London (P.D.O.)
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20
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Constantinoiu CC, Goullet MS, Constantinoiu EC, Scott JL. Mucosal tolerance of the hookwormAncylostoma caninumin the gut of naturally infected wild dogs. Parasite Immunol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/pim.12218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C. C. Constantinoiu
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences; James Cook University; Townsville Qld Australia
| | | | - E. C. Constantinoiu
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences; James Cook University; Townsville Qld Australia
| | - J. L. Scott
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences; James Cook University; Townsville Qld Australia
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Abstract
AbstractThis review presents the historical and current situation of echinococcoses in Mongolia. Since the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, Mongolia's health surveillance infrastructure has been very poor, especially as it pertains to chronic diseases, including neglected zoonotic diseases (NZDs). Although there is anecdotal evidence of people dying from hepatic disease due to infection with the larval stage of Echinococcus spp., there are very few published reports. All confirmed cases of echinococcoses in Mongolia are from hospitals located in the capital city of Ulaanbaatar. Cases of cystic echinococcosis (CE), caused by either Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto or Echinococcus canadensis are believed to be relatively common throughout Mongolia. In contrast, cases of alveolar echinococcosis (AE), caused by Echinococcus multilocularis, are believed to be rare. Recent wild-animal surveys have revealed that wolves (Canis lupus) are the major definitive hosts of E. canadensis, whereas both wolves and red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) are the primary definitive hosts of E. multilocularis. Although wild-animal surveys have begun to elucidate the transmission of Echinococcus spp. in Mongolia, there have yet to be large-scale studies conducted in domestic dogs and livestock. Therefore, further epidemiological studies, in addition to education-based control campaigns, are needed to help combat this NZD.
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Ito A, Yanagida T, Nakao M. Recent advances and perspectives in molecular epidemiology of Taenia solium cysticercosis. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2015; 40:357-367. [PMID: 26112071 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2015.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cysticercosis caused by accidental ingestion of eggs of Taenia solium is spreading all over the world through globalization and is one of the most neglected, neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) or neglected zoonotic diseases (NZDs). In the present study, the reason why T. solium cysticercosis has been neglected is discussed at first, and followed with an overview on the most recent advances and perspectives in molecular approaches for epidemiology of T. solium taeniasis/cysticercosis, since although taeniasis does not constitute recognized zoonoses, transmission and complete development are dependent on human definitive hosts. Main topics are discussions on (1) the two, Asian and Afro/American, genotypes of T. solium, (2) comparative analysis of mitochondrial (haploid) and nuclear (diploid) genes, and (3) the presence of hybrids of these two genotypes which indicates out-crossing of two genotypes in hermaphrodite tapeworms in Madagascar. Additional topics are on (4) the usefulness of phylogeographic analyses to discuss where the infection was acquired from, and (5) miscellaneous unsolved topics around these genetic diversity of T. solium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Ito
- Department of Parasitology, Asahikawa Medical University, Midorigaoka Higashi 2-1-1-1, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan.
| | - Tetsuya Yanagida
- Department of Parasitology, Asahikawa Medical University, Midorigaoka Higashi 2-1-1-1, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan; Laboratory of Parasitology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan.
| | - Minoru Nakao
- Department of Parasitology, Asahikawa Medical University, Midorigaoka Higashi 2-1-1-1, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan.
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Wandra T, Swastika K, Dharmawan NS, Purba IE, Sudarmaja IM, Yoshida T, Sako Y, Okamoto M, Eka Diarthini NLP, Sri Laksemi DAA, Yanagida T, Nakao M, Ito A. The present situation and towards the prevention and control of neurocysticercosis on the tropical island, Bali, Indonesia. Parasit Vectors 2015; 8:148. [PMID: 25881045 PMCID: PMC4356148 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-015-0755-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurocysticercosis (NCC), which is caused by accidental ingestion of eggs of the pork tapeworm, Taenia solium, was common in Bali, Indonesia until the early 1990s. However, improved education on hygiene and sanitation, a move to keeping pigs indoors, and improvement of economic and living conditions have substantially reduced the occurrence of NCC in Bali. Since 2011, T. solium tapeworm carriers (T. solium taeniasis) and heavily infected pigs and dogs have exclusively been detected from villages in mountainous regions of northeastern Bali where NCC and ocular cysticercosis (OCC) cases have also been identified. In response to this continued area of high infection, a one-day workshop was convened to discuss how to prevent and control this potentially lethal zoonotic parasitic infection in Bali. This review presents an overview of the current status of T. solium taeniasis and cysticercosis in Indonesia and proposes a strategy for the prevention and control of this zoonosis in Bali.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toni Wandra
- Sari Mutiara Indonesia University, Medan, North Sumatra, Indonesia.
| | - Kadek Swastika
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Udayana, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia.
- Department of Parasitology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan.
- Section of Wildlife Diversity, Center for Human Evolution Modeling Research, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi, Japan.
| | - Nyoman S Dharmawan
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Udayana, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia.
| | | | - I Made Sudarmaja
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Udayana, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia.
| | - Takahiko Yoshida
- Department of Health Science, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan.
| | - Yasuhito Sako
- Department of Parasitology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan.
| | - Munehiro Okamoto
- Section of Wildlife Diversity, Center for Human Evolution Modeling Research, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi, Japan.
| | | | | | - Tetsuya Yanagida
- Department of Parasitology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan.
- Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yoshida, Yamaguchi, Japan.
| | - Minoru Nakao
- Department of Parasitology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan.
| | - Akira Ito
- Department of Parasitology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan.
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