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Zhang J, Li X, Tian Y, Zou J, Gan D, Deng D, Jiao C, Yin Y, Tian B, Wu R, Chen F, He X. Harnessing Mechanical Stress with Viscoelastic Biomaterials for Periodontal Ligament Regeneration. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2309562. [PMID: 38460171 PMCID: PMC11095218 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202309562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
The viscoelasticity of mechanically sensitive tissues such as periodontal ligaments (PDLs) is key in maintaining mechanical homeostasis. Unfortunately, PDLs easily lose viscoelasticity (e.g., stress relaxation) during periodontitis or dental trauma, which disrupt cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions and accelerates tissue damage. Here, Pluronic F127 diacrylate (F127DA) hydrogels with PDL-matched stress relaxation rates and high elastic moduli are developed. The hydrogel viscoelasticity is modulated without chemical cross-linking by controlling precursor concentrations. Under cytomechanical loading, F127DA hydrogels with fast relaxation rates significantly improved the fibrogenic differentiation potential of PDL stem cells (PDLSCs), while cells cultured on F127DA hydrogels with various stress relaxation rates exhibited similar fibrogenic differentiation potentials with limited cell spreading and traction forces under static conditions. Mechanically, faster-relaxing F127DA hydrogels leveraged cytomechanical loading to activate PDLSC mechanotransduction by upregulating integrin-focal adhesion kinase pathway and thus cytoskeletal rearrangement, reinforcing cell-ECM interactions. In vivo experiments confirm that faster-relaxing F127DA hydrogels significantly promoted PDL repair and reduced abnormal healing (e.g., root resorption and ankyloses) in delayed replantation of avulsed teeth. This study firstly investigated how matrix nonlinear viscoelasticity influences the fibrogenesis of PDLSCs under mechanical stimuli, and it reveals the underlying mechanobiology, which suggests novel strategies for PDL regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiu‐Jiu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032China
| | - Xuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032China
| | - Yi Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032China
| | - Jie‐Kang Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032China
| | - Dian Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032China
| | - Dao‐Kun Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032China
| | - Chen Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032China
| | - Yuan Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032China
| | - Bei‐Min Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032China
| | - Rui‐Xin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032China
| | - Fa‐Ming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032China
| | - Xiao‐Tao He
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032China
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Figueiredo TDM, Do Amaral GCLS, Bezerra GN, Nakao LYS, Villar CC. Three-dimensional-printed scaffolds for periodontal regeneration: A systematic review. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2023; 27:451-460. [PMID: 37781321 PMCID: PMC10538520 DOI: 10.4103/jisp.jisp_350_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background As current ethical codes preclude determining whether the clinical improvements obtained with the use of three-dimensional (3D)-printed scaffolds represent true periodontal regeneration, the histological proof of evidence for regeneration must be demonstrated in animal models. Thus, this systematic review investigated the regenerative potential of 3D-printed scaffolds in animal models of periodontal defects. Materials and Methods A systematic search was performed in four databases (Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus) to identify preclinical controlled studies that investigated the use of 3D-printed scaffolds for periodontal regeneration. Studies limited to periodontal defects treated with 3D scaffolds were eligible for inclusion. The primary outcome was periodontal regeneration, assessed histologically as new bone, cementum, and periodontal ligament (PDL). This systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Quality was assessed according to the SRYCLE score. Results Six studies met the inclusion criteria. Scaffolds were designed using computer-aided design software. While the absence of a scaffold resulted in defects repaired mainly with fibrous connective tissue, the use of nonguiding 3D scaffolds promoted some bone formation. Notably, the regeneration of cementum and functional PDL fibers perpendicularly inserted into the root surface and the alveolar bone was limited to the defects treated with multi-compartment fiber-guiding or ion-containing 3D scaffolds. Nevertheless, the quality of the evidence was limited due to the unclear risk of bias. Conclusions Despite the limitations of the available evidence, the current data suggest that the use of printed multi-compartment fiber-guiding or ion-containing 3D scaffolds improves periodontal regeneration in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gabriela Neiva Bezerra
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lais Yumi Souza Nakao
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristina Cunha Villar
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Gauthier R, Attik N, Chevalier C, Salles V, Grosgogeat B, Gritsch K, Trunfio-Sfarghiu AM. 3D Electrospun Polycaprolactone Scaffolds to Assess Human Periodontal Ligament Cells Mechanobiological Behaviour. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 8:biomimetics8010108. [PMID: 36975338 PMCID: PMC10046578 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8010108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
While periodontal ligament cells are sensitive to their 3D biomechanical environment, only a few 3D in vitro models have been used to investigate the periodontal cells mechanobiological behavior. The objective of the current study was to assess the capability of a 3D fibrous scaffold to transmit a mechanical loading to the periodontal ligament cells. Three-dimensional fibrous polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds were synthetized through electrospinning. Scaffolds seeded with human periodontal cells (103 mL-1) were subjected to static (n = 9) or to a sinusoidal axial compressive loading in an in-house bioreactor (n = 9). At the end of the culture, the dynamic loading seemed to have an influence on the cells' morphology, with a lower number of visible cells on the scaffolds surface and a lower expression of actin filament. Furthermore, the dynamic loading presented a tendency to decrease the Alkaline Phosphatase activity and the production of Interleukin-6 while these two biomolecular markers were increased after 21 days of static culture. Together, these results showed that load transmission is occurring in the 3D electrospun PCL fibrous scaffolds, suggesting that it can be used to better understand the periodontal ligament cells mechanobiology. The current study shows a relevant way to investigate periodontal mechanobiology using 3D fibrous scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémy Gauthier
- UCBL, MATEIS UMR CNRS 5510, Bât. Saint Exupéry, Univ Lyon, CNRS, INSA de Lyon, 23 Av. Jean Capelle, 69621 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Nina Attik
- UMR CNRS 5615, Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
- Faculté d'Odontologie, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Charlène Chevalier
- UMR CNRS 5615, Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Vincent Salles
- UMR CNRS 5615, Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
- LIMMS, CNRS-IIS UMI 2820, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Brigitte Grosgogeat
- UMR CNRS 5615, Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
- Faculté d'Odontologie, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69008 Lyon, France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service d'Odontologie, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Kerstin Gritsch
- UMR CNRS 5615, Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
- Faculté d'Odontologie, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69008 Lyon, France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service d'Odontologie, 69008 Lyon, France
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Fraser D, Nguyen T, Kotelsky A, Lee W, Buckley M, Benoit DSW. Hydrogel Swelling-Mediated Strain Induces Cell Alignment at Dentin Interfaces. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:3568-3575. [PMID: 35793542 PMCID: PMC9364318 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Cell and tissue alignment
is a defining feature of periodontal
tissues. Therefore, the development of scaffolds that can guide alignment
of periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) relative to tooth root (dentin)
surfaces is highly relevant for periodontal tissue engineering. To
control PDLC alignment adjacent to the dentin surface, poly(ethylene
glycol) (PEG)-based hydrogels were explored as a highly tunable matrix
for encapsulating cells and directing their activity. Specifically,
a composite system consisting of dentin blocks, PEG hydrogels, and
PDLCs was created to control PDLC alignment through hydrogel swelling.
PDLCs in composites with minimal hydrogel swelling showed random alignment
adjacent to dentin blocks. In direct contrast, the presence of hydrogel
swelling resulted in PDLC alignment perpendicular to the dentin surface,
with the degree and extension of alignment increasing as a function
of swelling. Replicating this phenomenon with different molds, block
materials, and cells, together with predictive modeling, indicated
that PDLC alignment was primarily a biomechanical response to swelling-mediated
strain. Altogether, this study describes a novel method for inducing
cell alignment adjacent to stiff surfaces through applied strain and
provides a model for the study and engineering of periodontal and
other aligned tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Fraser
- Eastman Institute for Oral Health, Department of Periodontology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14620, United States.,Translational Biomedical Science, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, United States
| | - Tram Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Alexander Kotelsky
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Whasil Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States.,Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, United States.,Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, United States
| | - Mark Buckley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States.,Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, United States
| | - Danielle S W Benoit
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States.,Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, United States.,Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States.,Materials Science Program, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
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He R, Chou C, Chen L, Stoller M, Kang M, Ho SP. Insights Into Pulp Biomineralization in Human Teeth. FRONTIERS IN DENTAL MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2022.883336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
IntroductionMineralized pulp (MP) compromises tooth function and its causation is unknown. The hypothesis of this study is that pulp mineralization is associated with pulpal tissue adaptation, increased mineral densities, and decreased permeabilities of tubular dentin and cementum. Methods will include correlative spatial mapping of physicochemical and biochemical characteristics of pulp, and contextualize these properties within the dentin-pulp complex (DPC) to reveal the inherent vunerabilities of pulp.MethodsSpecimens (N = 25) were scanned using micro X-ray computed tomography (micro-XCT) to visualize MP and measure mineral density (MD). Elemental spatial maps of MP were acquired using synchrotron X-ray fluorescence microprobe (μXRF) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Extracted pulp tissues were sectioned for immunolabelling and the sections were imaged using a light microscope. Microscale morphologies and nanoscale ultrastructures of MP were imaged using scanning electron (SEM) and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) techniques.ResultsHeterogeneous distribution of MD from 200 to 2,200 mg/cc, and an average MD of 892 (±407) mg/cc were observed. Highly mineralized pulp with increased number of occluded tubules, reduced pore diameter in cementum, and decreased connectivity in lateral channels were observed. H&E, trichrome, and von Kossa staining showed lower cell and collagen densities, and mineralized regions in pulp. The biomolecules osteopontin (OPN), osteocalcin (OCN), osterix (OSX), and bone sialoprotein (BSP) were immunolocalized around PGP 9.5 positive neurovascular bundles in MP. SEM and STEM revealed a wide range of nano/micro particulates in dentin tubules and spherulitic mineral aggregates in the collagen with intrafibrillar mineral surrounding neurovascular bundles. EDX and μXRF showed elevated counts of Ca, P, Mg, and Zn inside pulp and at the dentin-pulp interface (DPI) in the DPC.ConclusionColocalization of physical and chemical, and biomolecular compositions in MP suggest primary and secondary biomineralization pathways in pulp and dentin at a tissue level, and altered fluid dynamics at an organ level. Elevated counts of Zn at the mineralizing front in MP indicated its role in pulp biomineralization. These observations underpin the inherent mechano- and chemo-responsiveness of the neurovascular DPC and help elucidate the clinical subtleties related to pulpitis, dentin-bridge, and pulp stone formation.
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Ustriyana P, He R, Srirangapatanam S, Chang J, Arman ST, Sidhu S, Wang B, Kang M, Ho SP. Food hardness can regulate orthodontic tooth movement in mice. J Periodontal Res 2021; 57:269-283. [PMID: 34894155 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Orthodontic treatment is often accompanied with prescription of softer foods to patients. The question to ask is, is this prescribed load regimen congruent with Wolff's law, and does it provide an adequate mechanical stimulus to maintain the functional health of periodontal complex? This question was answered by studying the effects of mice chewing on soft food (SF) and hard food (HF) while undergoing experimental tooth movement (ETM). METHODS Three-week-old C57BL/6 mice (n = 18) were fed either hard pellet (HF; n = 9) or soft-chow food (SF; n = 9). ETM was performed on mice at 8 weeks of age, and mice were euthanized at 1 min, 2 weeks, and 4 weeks (8, 10, and 12 weeks old, respectively). A logistic regression model was applied to the experimental data to extrapolate the prolonged effects of ETM on the physical features of the dentoalveolar joint (DAJ). RESULTS By 12 weeks, mice that chewed on SF expressed wider periodontal ligament space than those that chewed on HF. Mice that chewed on SF demonstrated increased alveolar socket roughness with larger alveoli and decreased bone volume fraction but with significantly lower bone mineral density and reduced overall tooth movement. CONCLUSIONS These altered physical features when contextualized within the DAJ illustrated that (a) the regions farther away from the "site of insult" also undergo significant adaptation, and (b) these adaptations vary between mesial and distal sides of the periodontal complex and topographically differentiate in the direction of the ETM. These insights underpin the main conclusion, in that there is a need to "regulate chewing loads" as a therapeutic dose following ETM to encourage regeneration of periodontal complex as an effective clinical outcome. The discussed multiscale image analyses also can be used on patient cone beam computed tomography data to identify the effectiveness of orthodontic treatment within the realm of masticatory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Putu Ustriyana
- Division of Preclinical Education, Biomaterials & Engineering, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Rui He
- Hangzhou Normal University, Yuhang District, China
| | - Sudarshan Srirangapatanam
- Division of Preclinical Education, Biomaterials & Engineering, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jasper Chang
- Division of Preclinical Education, Biomaterials & Engineering, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sheeler T Arman
- Division of Preclinical Education, Biomaterials & Engineering, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sukhmandeep Sidhu
- Division of Preclinical Education, Biomaterials & Engineering, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Bo Wang
- Division of Preclinical Education, Biomaterials & Engineering, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Misun Kang
- Division of Preclinical Education, Biomaterials & Engineering, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sunita P Ho
- Division of Preclinical Education, Biomaterials & Engineering, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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Cagna DR, Donovan TE, McKee JR, Eichmiller F, Metz JE, Albouy JP, Marzola R, Murphy KG, Troeltzsch M. Annual review of selected scientific literature: A report of the Committee on Scientific Investigation of the American Academy of Restorative Dentistry. J Prosthet Dent 2021; 126:276-359. [PMID: 34489050 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2021.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The Scientific Investigation Committee of the American Academy of Restorative Dentistry offers this review of the 2020 professional literature in restorative dentistry to inform busy dentists regarding noteworthy scientific and clinical progress over the past year. Each member of the committee brings discipline-specific expertise to this work to cover this broad topic. Specific subject areas addressed include prosthodontics; periodontics, alveolar bone, and peri-implant tissues; implant dentistry; dental materials and therapeutics; occlusion and temporomandibular disorders (TMDs); sleep-related breathing disorders; oral medicine and oral and maxillofacial surgery; and dental caries and cariology. The authors focused their efforts on reporting information likely to influence day-to-day dental treatment decisions with a keen eye on future trends in the profession. With the tremendous volume of dentistry and related literature being published today, this review cannot possibly be comprehensive. The purpose is to update interested readers and provide important resource material for those interested in pursuing greater detail. It remains our intent to assist colleagues in navigating the extensive volume of important information being published annually. It is our hope that readers find this work useful in successfully managing the dental patients they encounter.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Cagna
- Professor, Associate Dean, Chair and Residency Director, Department of Prosthodontics, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center College of Dentistry, Memphis, Tenn.
| | - Terence E Donovan
- Professor, Department of Comprehensive Oral Health, University of North Carolina School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, NC
| | | | - Frederick Eichmiller
- Vice President and Science Officer, Delta Dental of Wisconsin, Stevens Point, Wis
| | | | - Jean-Pierre Albouy
- Assistant Professor of Prosthodontics, Department of Restorative Sciences, University of North Carolina School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, NC
| | | | - Kevin G Murphy
- Associate Clinical Professor, Department of Periodontics, University of Maryland College of Dentistry, Baltimore, Md; Private practice, Baltimore, Md
| | - Matthias Troeltzsch
- Associate Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Private practice, Ansbach, Germany
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Zhong J, Pierantoni M, Weinkamer R, Brumfeld V, Zheng K, Chen J, Swain MV, Weiner S, Li Q. Microstructural heterogeneity of the collagenous network in the loaded and unloaded periodontal ligament and its biomechanical implications. J Struct Biol 2021; 213:107772. [PMID: 34311076 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2021.107772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The periodontal ligament (PDL) is a highly heterogeneous fibrous connective tissue and plays a critical role in distributing occlusal forces and regulating tissue remodeling. Its mechanical properties are largely determined by the extracellular matrix, comprising a collagenous fiber network interacting with the capillary system as well as interstitial fluid containing proteoglycans. While the phase-contrast micro-CT technique has portrayed the 3D microscopic heterogeneity of PDL, the topological parameters of its network, which is crucial to understanding the multiscale constitutive behavior of this tissue, has not been characterized quantitatively. This study aimed to provide new understanding of such microscopic heterogeneity of the PDL with quantifications at both tissue and collagen network levels in a spatial manner, by combining phase-contrast micro-CT imaging and a purpose-built image processing algorithm for fiber analysis. Both variations within a PDL and among the PDL with different shapes, i.e. round-shaped and kidney-shaped PDLs, are described in terms of tissue thickness, fiber distribution, local fiber densities, and fiber orientation (namely azimuthal and elevation angles). Furthermore, the tissue and collagen fiber network responses to mechanical loading were evaluated in a similar manner. A 3D helical alignment pattern was observed in the fiber network, which appears to regulate and adapt a screw-like tooth motion under occlusion. The microstructural heterogeneity quantified here allows development of sample-specific constitutive models to characterize the PDL's functional and pathological loading responses, thereby providing a new multiscale framework for advancing our knowledge of this complex limited mobility soft-hard tissue interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxiao Zhong
- School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Maria Pierantoni
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Richard Weinkamer
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Vlad Brumfeld
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Keke Zheng
- School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Junning Chen
- College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Michael V Swain
- School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Steve Weiner
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Qing Li
- School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
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9
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Dieterle MP, Husari A, Steinberg T, Wang X, Ramminger I, Tomakidi P. From the Matrix to the Nucleus and Back: Mechanobiology in the Light of Health, Pathologies, and Regeneration of Oral Periodontal Tissues. Biomolecules 2021; 11:824. [PMID: 34073044 PMCID: PMC8228498 DOI: 10.3390/biom11060824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Among oral tissues, the periodontium is permanently subjected to mechanical forces resulting from chewing, mastication, or orthodontic appliances. Molecularly, these movements induce a series of subsequent signaling processes, which are embedded in the biological concept of cellular mechanotransduction (MT). Cell and tissue structures, ranging from the extracellular matrix (ECM) to the plasma membrane, the cytosol and the nucleus, are involved in MT. Dysregulation of the diverse, fine-tuned interaction of molecular players responsible for transmitting biophysical environmental information into the cell's inner milieu can lead to and promote serious diseases, such as periodontitis or oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Therefore, periodontal integrity and regeneration is highly dependent on the proper integration and regulation of mechanobiological signals in the context of cell behavior. Recent experimental findings have increased the understanding of classical cellular mechanosensing mechanisms by both integrating exogenic factors such as bacterial gingipain proteases and newly discovered cell-inherent functions of mechanoresponsive co-transcriptional regulators such as the Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) or the nuclear cytoskeleton. Regarding periodontal MT research, this review offers insights into the current trends and open aspects. Concerning oral regenerative medicine or weakening of periodontal tissue diseases, perspectives on future applications of mechanobiological principles are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Philipp Dieterle
- Center for Dental Medicine, Division of Oral Biotechnology, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (M.P.D.); (X.W.); (I.R.); (P.T.)
| | - Ayman Husari
- Center for Dental Medicine, Department of Orthodontics, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany;
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 101, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Steinberg
- Center for Dental Medicine, Division of Oral Biotechnology, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (M.P.D.); (X.W.); (I.R.); (P.T.)
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- Center for Dental Medicine, Division of Oral Biotechnology, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (M.P.D.); (X.W.); (I.R.); (P.T.)
| | - Imke Ramminger
- Center for Dental Medicine, Division of Oral Biotechnology, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (M.P.D.); (X.W.); (I.R.); (P.T.)
| | - Pascal Tomakidi
- Center for Dental Medicine, Division of Oral Biotechnology, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (M.P.D.); (X.W.); (I.R.); (P.T.)
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10
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Abstract
The United States continues to be an incubator for new concepts and approaches to the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of periodontal diseases. This volume of Periodontology 2000 presents some of these newer areas of research and paradigms that have emerged in the United States from both long-established and new investigators. These areas include: (1) more comprehensive approaches to assessing the total periodontal microbiome, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi, and their interactions with both the local and systemic inflammatory and immune responses, as well as with other oral and systemic conditions and diseases; (2) new developments for a more comprehensive characterization of the patient genome, transcriptome, and proteome profiles and the role of these profiles in periodontal disease pathogenesis; (3) new developments in nonsurgical approaches to periodontal diseases, including broad-based lines of attack using natural antimicrobials and host-modulation therapies and more focused approaches that target specific interactions in the host response; and (4) new big data analysis, machine learning, and imaging approaches, both for understanding the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases and for developing improved risk-assessment tools and better treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark I Ryder
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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