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Bartlett AL, Wagner JE, Jones B, Wells S, Sabulski A, Fuller C, Davies SM. Fanconi anemia neuroinflammatory syndrome: brain lesions and neurologic injury in Fanconi anemia. Blood Adv 2024; 8:3027-3037. [PMID: 38522093 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2024012577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Fanconi anemia (FA) is a complex inherited bone marrow failure syndrome characterized by chromosomal instability and defective DNA repair, causing sensitivity to DNA interstrand crosslinking agents. Our understanding of the full adult phenotype of the disease continues to evolve, because most patients with FA died of marrow failure in the first decade of life before more recent advances in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Herein, we report a previously undescribed, clinically concerning, progressive neurologic syndrome in patients with FA. Nine nonimmunosuppressed pediatric patients and young adults with FA presented with acute and chronic neurological signs and symptoms associated with distinct neuroradiological findings. Symptoms included, but were not limited to, limb weakness, papilledema, gait abnormalities, headaches, dysphagia, visual changes, and seizures. Brain imaging demonstrated a characteristic radiographic appearance of numerous cerebral and cerebellar lesions with associated calcifications and often a dominant ring-enhancing lesion. Tissue from the dominant brain lesions in 4 patients showed nonspecific atypical glial proliferation, and a small number of polyomavirus-infected microglial cells were identified by immunohistochemistry in 2 patients. Numerous interventions were pursued across this cohort, in general with no improvement. Overall, these patients demonstrated significant progressive neurologic decline. This cohort highlights the importance of recognizing FA neuroinflammatory syndrome, which is distinct from malignancy, and warrants careful ongoing evaluation by clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison L Bartlett
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - John E Wagner
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Institute for Cell, Gene, and Immunotherapies, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Blaise Jones
- Division of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Susanne Wells
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Anthony Sabulski
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Christine Fuller
- Division of Pathology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Stella M Davies
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
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2
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Rey F, Esposito L, Maghraby E, Mauri A, Berardo C, Bonaventura E, Tonduti D, Carelli S, Cereda C. Role of epigenetics and alterations in RNA metabolism in leukodystrophies. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. RNA 2024; 15:e1854. [PMID: 38831585 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Leukodystrophies are a class of rare heterogeneous disorders which affect the white matter of the brain, ultimately leading to a disruption in brain development and a damaging effect on cognitive, motor and social-communicative development. These disorders present a great clinical heterogeneity, along with a phenotypic overlap and this could be partially due to contributions from environmental stimuli. It is in this context that there is a great need to investigate what other factors may contribute to both disease insurgence and phenotypical heterogeneity, and novel evidence are raising the attention toward the study of epigenetics and transcription mechanisms that can influence the disease phenotype beyond genetics. Modulation in the epigenetics machinery including histone modifications, DNA methylation and non-coding RNAs dysregulation, could be crucial players in the development of these disorders, and moreover an aberrant RNA maturation process has been linked to leukodystrophies. Here, we provide an overview of these mechanisms hoping to supply a closer step toward the analysis of leukodystrophies not only as genetically determined but also with an added level of complexity where epigenetic dysregulation is of key relevance. This article is categorized under: Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > Regulatory RNA RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Rey
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi," Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
- Center of Functional Genomics and Rare Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Buzzi Children's Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Letizia Esposito
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi," Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
- Center of Functional Genomics and Rare Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Buzzi Children's Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Erika Maghraby
- Center of Functional Genomics and Rare Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Buzzi Children's Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani" (DBB), University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessia Mauri
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi," Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
- Center of Functional Genomics and Rare Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Buzzi Children's Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Clarissa Berardo
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi," Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
- Center of Functional Genomics and Rare Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Buzzi Children's Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Eleonora Bonaventura
- Unit of Pediatric Neurology, COALA Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Leukodystrophies, V. Buzzi Children's Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Tonduti
- Unit of Pediatric Neurology, COALA Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Leukodystrophies, V. Buzzi Children's Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Stephana Carelli
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi," Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
- Center of Functional Genomics and Rare Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Buzzi Children's Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Cereda
- Center of Functional Genomics and Rare Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Buzzi Children's Hospital, Milan, Italy
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3
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Tran DT, Batchu SN, Advani A. Interferons and interferon-related pathways in heart disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1357343. [PMID: 38665231 PMCID: PMC11043610 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1357343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) and IFN-related pathways play key roles in the defence against microbial infection. However, these processes may also be activated during the pathogenesis of non-infectious diseases, where they may contribute to organ injury, or function in a compensatory manner. In this review, we explore the roles of IFNs and IFN-related pathways in heart disease. We consider the cardiac effects of type I IFNs and IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs); the emerging role of the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway; the seemingly paradoxical effects of the type II IFN, IFN-γ; and the varied actions of the interferon regulatory factor (IRF) family of transcription factors. Recombinant IFNs and small molecule inhibitors of mediators of IFN receptor signaling are already employed in the clinic for the treatment of some autoimmune diseases, infections, and cancers. There has also been renewed interest in IFNs and IFN-related pathways because of their involvement in SARS-CoV-2 infection, and because of the relatively recent emergence of cGAS-STING as a pattern recognition receptor-activated pathway. Whether these advances will ultimately result in improvements in the care of those experiencing heart disease remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrew Advani
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Nakamura M, Ohoka N, Shibata N, Inoue T, Tsuji G, Demizu Y. Development of STING degrader with double covalent ligands. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2024; 102:129677. [PMID: 38408510 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2024.129677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Stimulator of interferon genes (STING), a homodimeric membrane receptor localized in the endoplasmic reticulum, plays a pivotal role in signaling innate immune responses. Inhibitors and proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) targeting STING are promising compounds for addressing autoinflammatory and autoimmune disorders. In this study, we used a minimal covalent handle recently developed as the ligand portion of an E3 ligase. The engineered STING degrader with a low molecular weight compound covalently binds to STING and E3 ligase. Degrader 2 showed sustained STING degradation activity at lower concentrations (3 µM, 48 h, about 75 % degradation) compared to a reported STING PROTAC, SP23. This discovery holds significance for its potential in treating autoinflammatory and autoimmune diseases, offering promising avenues for developing more efficacious STING-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miki Nakamura
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Science of Okayama University, 1-1-1, Tsushimanaka, Kita 700-8530, Japan; Division of Organic Chemistry, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26, Tonomachi, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | - Nobumichi Ohoka
- Division of Molecular Target and Gene Therapy Products, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26, Tonomachi, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan.
| | - Norihito Shibata
- Division of Biochemistry, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26, Tonomachi, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | - Takao Inoue
- Division of Molecular Target and Gene Therapy Products, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26, Tonomachi, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | - Genichiro Tsuji
- Division of Organic Chemistry, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26, Tonomachi, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan.
| | - Yosuke Demizu
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Science of Okayama University, 1-1-1, Tsushimanaka, Kita 700-8530, Japan; Division of Organic Chemistry, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26, Tonomachi, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan; Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan.
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Zhang L, Wang W, Chen T, Cui J, Li X, Liu A, Liu R, Fang L, Jiang J, Yang L, Wu D, Ying S. SAMHD1 dysfunction induces IL-34 expression via NF-κB p65 in neuronal SH-SY5Y cells. Mol Immunol 2024; 168:1-9. [PMID: 38367301 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2024.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Dysfunctional mutations in SAMHD1 cause Aicardi-Goutières Syndrome, an autoinflammatory encephalopathy with elevated interferon-α levels in the cerebrospinal fluid. Whether loss of function mutations in SAMHD1 trigger the expression of other cytokines apart from type I interferons in Aicardi-Goutières Syndrome is largely unclear. This study aimed to explore whether SAMHD1 dysfunction regulated the expression of IL-34, a key cytokine controlling the development and maintenance of microglia, in SH-SY5Y neural cells. We found that downregulation of SAMHD1 in SH-SY5Y cells resulted in the upregulation of IL-34 expression. The protein and mRNA levels of NF-κB p65, the transactivating subunit of a transcription factor NF-κB, were also upregulated in SAMHD1-knockdown SH-SY5Y cells. It was further found SAMHD1 knockdown in SH-SY5Y cells induced an upregulation of IL-34 expression through the canonical NF-κB-dependent pathway in which NF-κB p65, IKKα/β and the NF-κB inhibitor IκBα were phosphorylated. Moreover, knockdown of SAMHD1 in SH-SY5Y cells led to the translocation of NF-κB p65 into the nucleus and promoted NF-κB transcriptional activity. In conclusion, we found SAMHD1 dysfunction induced IL-34 expression via NF-κB p65 in neuronal SH-SY5Y cells. This finding could lay the foundation for exploring the role of IL-34-targeting microglia in the pathogenesis of Aicardi-Goutières Syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230032, China
| | - Wenjing Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230032, China; First School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230032, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230032, China
| | - Jiuhao Cui
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230032, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230032, China; First School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230032, China
| | - Anran Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230032, China; First School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230032, China
| | - Rumeng Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230032, China; First School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230032, China
| | - Liwei Fang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230032, China; Department of Paediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230022, China
| | - Junhong Jiang
- Department of Paediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230022, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Paediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230022, China
| | - De Wu
- Department of Paediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230022, China
| | - Songcheng Ying
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230032, China.
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6
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Benarroch E. What Is the Role of Nuclear Envelope Proteins in Neurologic Disorders? Neurology 2024; 102:e209202. [PMID: 38330281 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000209202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
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Stracker TH, Osagie OI, Escorcia FE, Citrin DE. Exploiting the DNA Damage Response for Prostate Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 16:83. [PMID: 38201511 PMCID: PMC10777950 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16010083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancers that progress despite androgen deprivation develop into castration-resistant prostate cancer, a fatal disease with few treatment options. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of prostate cancer subtypes and alterations in the DNA damage response (DDR) that can predispose to the development of prostate cancer and affect its progression. We identify barriers to conventional treatments, such as radiotherapy, and discuss the development of new therapies, many of which target the DDR or take advantage of recurring genetic alterations in the DDR. We place this in the context of advances in understanding the genetic variation and immune landscape of CRPC that could help guide their use in future treatment strategies. Finally, we discuss several new and emerging agents that may advance the treatment of lethal disease, highlighting selected clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis H. Stracker
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (O.I.O.); (F.E.E.); (D.E.C.)
| | - Oloruntoba I. Osagie
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (O.I.O.); (F.E.E.); (D.E.C.)
| | - Freddy E. Escorcia
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (O.I.O.); (F.E.E.); (D.E.C.)
- Molecular Imaging Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Deborah E. Citrin
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (O.I.O.); (F.E.E.); (D.E.C.)
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