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Wajid A, Maqsood Q, Ben Said M, Sherzada S, Nooruzzaman M, Batool A, Yin R, Sabra M, Hanif A, Azam Kakar M, Hussain T, Ahmed N. Geographic distribution and genetic diversity of Newcastle disease virus in pigeons from Pakistan. Avian Pathol 2024; 53:134-145. [PMID: 38037737 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2023.2291107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS Virulent NDV genotypes were repeatedly isolated from pigeons.Evidence of epidemiological links among viruses isolated from various locations.Distinct phylogenetic branches suggest separate, simultaneous evolution of NDVs.Study information could be helpful in the development of an effective vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Wajid
- Department of Biotechnology, FLS&I, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Quratulain Maqsood
- Centre for Applied Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab Quaid-I-Azam Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mourad Ben Said
- Department of Basic Sciences, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, Manouba, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Microbiology, National School of Veterinary Medicine of Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, Manouba, Tunisia
| | - Shahid Sherzada
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mohammed Nooruzzaman
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Andleeb Batool
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Renfu Yin
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Mahmoud Sabra
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Atif Hanif
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Tanveer Hussain
- Department of Molecular Biology, Virtual University of Pakistan, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nazeer Ahmed
- Department of Biotechnology, FLS&I, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta, Pakistan
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2
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Tsaxra JB, Abolnik C, Kelly TR, Chengula AA, Mushi JR, Msoffe PLM, Muhairwa AP, Phiri T, Jude R, Chouicha N, Mollel EL, Zhou H, Gallardo RA. Molecular characterization of Newcastle disease virus obtained from Mawenzi live bird market in Morogoro, Tanzania in 2020-2021. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:3265-3273. [PMID: 37907827 PMCID: PMC10689586 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-01159-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease (ND) is among the most important poultry diseases worldwide. It is the major threat to poultry production in Africa and causes major economic losses for both local and commercial chickens. To date, half of ND class II genotypes have been reported in Africa (I, IV, V, VI, VII, XI, XIII, XIV, XVII, XVIII, and XXI). The information on the circulating NDV genotypes is still scarce despite the endemic nature of ND in most countries on the African continent.A total of 659 oro-cloacal swabs were collected from local chickens in Mawenzi live bird market located in Morogoro, Tanzania, between June 2020 and May 2021. Newcastle disease virus was detected by using reverse transcription real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and conventional PCR followed by sequencing of PCR products. The prevalence of NDV in the surveilled live bird markets was 23.5%. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis revealed the presence of sub-genotype VII.2. The detected sub-genotype VII.2 has phylogenetic links to Zambian NDV strains implying a Southeast dissemination of the virus, considering that it was first detected in Mozambique. This study underscores the need of active NDV surveillance to determine the distribution of this NDV genotype in the country and monitor its spread and contribution to the emergence of new ND viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- John B Tsaxra
- Department of Microbiology, Parasitology, and Biotechnology, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania.
- USAID Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Genomics to Improve Poultry Project, Davis, CA, USA.
- Livestock Training Agency, Mabuki Campus, Mwanza, Tanzania.
| | - Celia Abolnik
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Terra R Kelly
- USAID Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Genomics to Improve Poultry Project, Davis, CA, USA
- EpiEcos, Flagstaff, AZ, 86004, USA
| | - Augustino A Chengula
- Department of Microbiology, Parasitology, and Biotechnology, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - James R Mushi
- USAID Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Genomics to Improve Poultry Project, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry, Pharmacology, and Toxicology, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Peter L M Msoffe
- USAID Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Genomics to Improve Poultry Project, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Amandus P Muhairwa
- USAID Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Genomics to Improve Poultry Project, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Thandeka Phiri
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Rachel Jude
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Nadira Chouicha
- USAID Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Genomics to Improve Poultry Project, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Esther L Mollel
- USAID Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Genomics to Improve Poultry Project, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Huaijun Zhou
- USAID Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Genomics to Improve Poultry Project, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Rodrigo A Gallardo
- USAID Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Genomics to Improve Poultry Project, Davis, CA, USA.
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
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Guseva NA, Kolosov SN, Zinyakov NG, Andriyasov AV, Yin R, Scherbakova LO, Ovchinnikova EV, Nikonova ZB, Andreychuk DB, Sprygin AV, Chvala IA, Moroz NV. Analysis of Avian Orthoavulavirus 1 Detected in the Russian Federation between 2017 and 2021. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1032. [PMID: 37376421 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11061032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV, Avian orthoavulavirus type 1, AOAV-1) is a contagious high-impact poultry pathogen with infections detected worldwide. In the present study, 19,500 clinical samples from wild bird species and poultry collected from 28 regions of Russia between 2017 and 2021 were screened for the presence of the AOAV-1 genome. NDV RNA was detected in 15 samples from wild birds and 63 samples from poultry. All isolates were screened for a partial sequence of the fusion (F) gene that included the cleavage site. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that lentogenic AOAV-1 I.1.1, I.1.2.1, and II genotypes were dominant among vaccine-like viruses in the territory of the Russian Federation. A vaccine-like virus with a mutated cleavage site (112-RKQGR^L-117) was detected in turkeys. Among the virulent AOAV-1 strains, viruses of the XXI.1.1, VII.1.1, and VII.2 genotypes were identified. The cleavage site of viruses of the XXI.1.1 genotype had a 112-KRQKR^F-117 amino acid sequence. The cleavage site of viruses with VII.1.1 and VII.2 genotypes had a 112-RRQKR^F-117 amino acid sequence. The data collected by the present study demonstrate the distribution and dominance of the virulent VII.1.1 genotype in the Russian Federation between 2017 and 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelly A Guseva
- Reference Laboratory for Avian Viral Diseases, FGBI "Federal Centre for Animal Health" (FGBI "ARRIAH"), 600901 Vladimir, Russia
| | - Sergey N Kolosov
- Reference Laboratory for Avian Viral Diseases, FGBI "Federal Centre for Animal Health" (FGBI "ARRIAH"), 600901 Vladimir, Russia
| | - Nikolay G Zinyakov
- Reference Laboratory for Avian Viral Diseases, FGBI "Federal Centre for Animal Health" (FGBI "ARRIAH"), 600901 Vladimir, Russia
| | - Artem V Andriyasov
- Reference Laboratory for Avian Viral Diseases, FGBI "Federal Centre for Animal Health" (FGBI "ARRIAH"), 600901 Vladimir, Russia
| | - Renfu Yin
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Lidya O Scherbakova
- Reference Laboratory for Avian Viral Diseases, FGBI "Federal Centre for Animal Health" (FGBI "ARRIAH"), 600901 Vladimir, Russia
| | - Evgenia V Ovchinnikova
- Reference Laboratory for Avian Viral Diseases, FGBI "Federal Centre for Animal Health" (FGBI "ARRIAH"), 600901 Vladimir, Russia
| | - Zoya B Nikonova
- Reference Laboratory for Avian Viral Diseases, FGBI "Federal Centre for Animal Health" (FGBI "ARRIAH"), 600901 Vladimir, Russia
| | - Dmitry B Andreychuk
- Reference Laboratory for Avian Viral Diseases, FGBI "Federal Centre for Animal Health" (FGBI "ARRIAH"), 600901 Vladimir, Russia
| | - Alexander V Sprygin
- Reference Laboratory for Avian Viral Diseases, FGBI "Federal Centre for Animal Health" (FGBI "ARRIAH"), 600901 Vladimir, Russia
| | - Ilya A Chvala
- Reference Laboratory for Avian Viral Diseases, FGBI "Federal Centre for Animal Health" (FGBI "ARRIAH"), 600901 Vladimir, Russia
| | - Natalia V Moroz
- Reference Laboratory for Avian Viral Diseases, FGBI "Federal Centre for Animal Health" (FGBI "ARRIAH"), 600901 Vladimir, Russia
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Ross CS, Skinner P, Sutton D, Mayers J, Nunez A, Brookes SM, Banyard AC, Brown IH. Game Birds Can Act as Intermediaries of Virulent Genotype VII Avian Orthoavulavirus-1 between Wild Birds and Domestic Poultry. Viruses 2023; 15:v15020536. [PMID: 36851750 PMCID: PMC9968179 DOI: 10.3390/v15020536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Newcastle Disease (ND), caused by virulent forms of Avian orthoavulavirus serotype-1 (AOAV-1) is an economically important avian disease worldwide. The past two incursions of ND into the United Kingdom occurred in game bird populations during 2005 and 2006. The nature of the game bird semi-feral rearing system, which can bring these birds into close contact with both wild birds and commercial or backyard poultry, has been hypothesized to act as a bridge between these two environments. As such, the risk that AOAV-1-infected game birds may pose to the UK poultry industry was investigated. Pheasants, partridges and chickens were experimentally infected with the virulent strain APMV-1/Chicken/Bulgaria/112/13, a genotype VII.2 virus associated with ND outbreaks in Eastern Europe. The study demonstrated that both chickens and pheasants are susceptible to infection with APMV-1/Chicken/Bulgaria/112/13, which results in high mortality and onward transmission. Partridges by contrast are susceptible to infection, but mortality was reduced, as was onward transmission. However, the data indicated that both pheasants and partridges may serve as intermediate hosts of AOAV-1 and may bridge the wild bird-domestic poultry interface enabling transmission into an economically damaging environment where morbidity and mortality may be high.
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5
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Eid AAM, Hussein A, Hassanin O, Elbakrey RM, Daines R, Sadeyen JR, Abdien HMF, Chrzastek K, Iqbal M. Newcastle Disease Genotype VII Prevalence in Poultry and Wild Birds in Egypt. Viruses 2022; 14:v14102244. [PMID: 36298799 PMCID: PMC9607356 DOI: 10.3390/v14102244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) genotype VII is a highly pathogenic Orthoavulavirus that has caused multiple outbreaks among poultry in Egypt since 2011. This study aimed to observe the prevalence and genetic diversity of NDV prevailing in domestic and wild birds in Egyptian governorates. A total of 37 oropharyngeal swabs from wild birds and 101 swabs from domestic bird flocks including chickens, ducks, turkeys, and pelicans, were collected from different geographic regions within 13 governorates during 2019–2020. Virus isolation and propagation via embryonated eggs revealed 91 swab samples produced allantoic fluid containing haemagglutination activity, suggestive of virus presence. The use of RT-PCR targeted to the F gene successfully detected NDV in 85 samples. The geographical prevalence of NDV was isolated in 12 governorates in domestic birds, migratory, and non-migratory wild birds. Following whole genome sequencing, we assembled six NDV genome sequences (70–99% of genome coverage), including five full F gene sequences. All NDV strains carried high virulence, with phylogenetic analysis revealing that the strains belonged to class II within genotype VII.1.1. The genetically similar yet geographically distinct virulent NDV isolates in poultry and a wild bird may allude to an external role contributing to the dissemination of NDV in poultry populations across Egypt. One such contribution may be the migratory behaviour of wild birds; however further investigation must be implemented to support the findings of this study. Additionally, continued genomic surveillance in both wild birds and poultry would be necessary for monitoring NDV dissemination and genetic diversification across Egypt, with the aim of controlling the disease and protecting poultry production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal A. M. Eid
- Department of Avian and Rabbit Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Ashraf Hussein
- Department of Avian and Rabbit Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Ola Hassanin
- Department of Avian and Rabbit Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Reham M. Elbakrey
- Department of Avian and Rabbit Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Rebecca Daines
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking GU24 0NF, UK
- Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield AL9 7TA, UK
| | | | - Hanan M. F. Abdien
- Department of Avian and Rabbit Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41622, Egypt
| | | | - Munir Iqbal
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking GU24 0NF, UK
- Correspondence:
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6
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Awais M, Wajid A, Goraichuk IV, Batool A, Rahim A, Anif A, Ahmed N, Yin R. Surveillance and Assessment of Risk Factors for Newcastle Disease Virus from Live Bird Retail Stalls in Lahore District of Pakistan. Avian Dis 2022; 66:1-8. [PMID: 36017908 DOI: 10.1637/aviandiseases-d-22-00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Live bird markets (LBMs) in Asian countries are considered hubs for the spread of several poultry viruses. In Pakistan, there is a lack of uniformity in practices used in LBMs, which leads to the spread of poultry diseases. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in June-October 2017 to determine the circulation of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) in chickens being sold in live bird retail stalls (LBRSs) and to identify potential risk factors associated with estimated prevalence. A total of 189 stalls (n = 1134 birds) distributed in eight administrative towns of Lahore were visited. A pool of six oropharyngeal swabs was collected from each stall and tested by real-time reverse transcriptase PCR for the presence of NDV. Forty-two out of 189 swabs were found positive with an overall prevalence of 22.22% (95% confidence interval [Cl]: 16.88%-28.67%). Data for 11 potential risk factors acquired through questionnaires were analyzed by survey-weighted logistic regression and prevalence odds ratios (ORs) for associated risk factors were calculated. A final multivariable model identified three risk factors for NDV prevalence in LBRSs, including trading other poultry breeds alongside broilers (OR = 2.41; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.5-6.1), purchasing birds from mixed sources (OR = 3.12; 95% CI = 1.4-11.9), and number of birds sold per day (OR = 6.32; 95% CI = 1.9-23.5). Additionally, 24 selected samples were sequenced and phylogenetic analysis of the complete fusion gene (1662 bp) revealed that all isolates belonged to Subgenotype VII.2. This study provides important information on the epidemiology of NDV in Pakistan and highlights the importance of implementing surveillance and biosecurity practices in LBRSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Awais
- Department of Biotechnology, Virtual University of Pakistan, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Wajid
- Department of Biotechnology, Virtual University of Pakistan, Lahore, Pakistan, , .,Department of Biotechnology, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Iryna V Goraichuk
- National Scientific Center, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Andleeb Batool
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Asif Rahim
- Department of Microbiology, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Atif Anif
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nazeer Ahmed
- Department of Biotechnology, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Renfu Yin
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Xi'an, Jilin, China
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7
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Pandarangga P, McAllister MM, Peaston AE, Ngai YT, Cahyono MI, Hemmatzadeh F. Performance comparison of homologous and heterologous Newcastle disease virus in vaccines and antibody tests. Res Vet Sci 2022; 149:82-89. [PMID: 35777283 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Antigenic differences between commercial Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) vaccine and circulating field virus reduce vaccine efficacy. Fifty-layer chickens were divided into five groups: three vaccinated chicken groups using killed LaSota (Genotype II/GII), Mega, or VD (Genotype VII/GVII) viral strains, negative, and positive control groups. On day 28, Hemagglutination Inhibition (HI) serology of vaccinated chickens was performed using whole virus antigens of RIVS, LaSota, Mega, and VD strains. Sera were also tested with an alternative antigen, using an ELISA to detect antibody for the cleavage site F protein peptide from GII and GVII NDV strains. Vaccinated and unvaccinated positive control birds underwent infectious challenges using VD and Mega strains. HI testing showed that antibody titers were higher when tested using homologous antigens than heterologous antigens. ELISA performed with alternative antigens did not perform as well as the established HI test using homologous strains. Viral shedding was reduced by vaccination that was homologous to the infectious challenge in comparison with vaccination using the LaSota strain virus. We conclude that superior results are obtained when serological testing, vaccinations, and vaccine challenge experiments all use circulating strains of ND virus. Implementation of this recommendation would likely reduce viral shedding by vaccinated chickens and be more effective in preventing outbreaks of virulent NDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Putri Pandarangga
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, 5371, South Australia, Australia; Departemen Klinik, Reproduksi, Patologi, dan Nutrisi, Fakultas Kedokteran dan Kedokteran Hewan, Universitas Nusa Cendana, Kupang, 85001, Indonesia.
| | - Milton M McAllister
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, 5371, South Australia, Australia
| | - Anne E Peaston
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, 5371, South Australia, Australia
| | - Yuen T Ngai
- The University of South Australia, 5001, South Australia, Australia
| | - Mohammad I Cahyono
- Indonesian Research Centre for Veterinary Science, West Java, 16114, Indonesia
| | - Farhid Hemmatzadeh
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, 5371, South Australia, Australia
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8
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Bansal N, Singh R, Chaudhary D, Mahajan NK, Joshi VG, Maan S, Ravishankar C, Sahoo N, Mor SK, Radzio-Basu J, Kapur V, Jindal N, Goyal SM. Prevalence of Newcastle Disease Virus in Wild and Migratory Birds in Haryana, India. Avian Dis 2022; 66:141-147. [PMID: 35510471 DOI: 10.1637/aviandiseases-d-21-00115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) can infect approximately 250 avian species and causes highly contagious Newcastle disease (ND) in domestic poultry, leading to huge economic losses. There are three different pathotypes of NDV, i.e., lentogenic, mesogenic, and velogenic. Wild resident (wild) and migratory birds are natural reservoirs of NDV and are believed to play a key role in transmitting the virus to domestic poultry. The present study was conducted to determine the prevalence of NDV in wild and migratory birds in the state of Haryana, India, during two migratory seasons (2018-19 and 2019-20). In total 1379 samples (1368 choanal swabs and 11 tissue samples) were collected from live (n = 1368) or dead birds (n = 4) belonging to 53 different avian species. These samples belonged to apparently healthy (n = 1338), sick (n = 30), and dead (n = 4) birds. All samples were tested for NDV by real-time reverse transcription-PCR using M gene specific primers and probe. Of the 1379 samples, 23 samples from wild birds [Columba livia domestica (n = 12, 52.17%), Pavo cristatus (n = 9, 39.13%), and Psittaciformes (n = 2, 8.69%)] were found positive for NDV. Only one of the 23 samples (from P. cristatus) was positive for F gene, indicating it to be a mesogenic/velogenic strain. These results indicate that both lentogenic and velogenic strains of NDV are circulating in wild birds in Haryana and that further studies are needed to characterize NDV strains from wild/migratory birds and domestic poultry to determine the extent of virus transmission among these populations. This study considers the disease transmission risk from domestic pigeons and parrots to commercial poultry and vice versa, and the results emphasize the need for strict biosecurity strategies to protect commercial poultry in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitish Bansal
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Renu Singh
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Deepika Chaudhary
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Nand K Mahajan
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Vinay G Joshi
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Sushila Maan
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Chintu Ravishankar
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Pookode, Kerala, India
| | - Niranjana Sahoo
- College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Sunil K Mor
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine and Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55455
| | - Jessica Radzio-Basu
- The Huck Institute of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16801.,Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16801
| | - Vivek Kapur
- The Huck Institute of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16801.,Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16801
| | - Naresh Jindal
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India,
| | - Sagar M Goyal
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine and Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55455
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9
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Wiseman A, Shabbat M, Cohen A, From I, Almog Samina Y, Sade Levy E, Szer S, Zeltcer N, Klement E, Pima Y. Point mutation revealed the resurgence of sub-genotype VII.2 Newcastle disease virus in Israel. Avian Pathol 2022; 51:236-243. [PMID: 35234543 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2022.2040730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTSIn 2019, there was a resurgence of NDV from sub-genotype VII.2 in Israel, in an already endemic area of sub-genotype VII.1.A mismatch at the 3' end of the reverse primer caused a diagnostic failure of the NDV virulence differentiation rRT-PCR assay.The 2019 NDV sub-genotype VII.2 virus is genetically close to viruses from Jordan (2018) and Pakistan (2015-2016).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anat Wiseman
- The Poultry Health Laboratories, The Egg and Poultry Board, Kiryat Malachi, Israel.,Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew university of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Mali Shabbat
- The Poultry Health Laboratories, The Egg and Poultry Board, Kiryat Malachi, Israel
| | - Aliza Cohen
- The Poultry Health Laboratories, The Egg and Poultry Board, Kiryat Malachi, Israel
| | - Ido From
- The Poultry Health Laboratories, The Egg and Poultry Board, Kiryat Malachi, Israel
| | - Yael Almog Samina
- The Poultry Health Laboratories, The Egg and Poultry Board, Kiryat Malachi, Israel
| | - Einat Sade Levy
- The Poultry Health Laboratories, The Egg and Poultry Board, Kiryat Malachi, Israel
| | - Shahar Szer
- The Poultry Health Laboratories, The Egg and Poultry Board, Kiryat Malachi, Israel
| | - Nadav Zeltcer
- The Poultry Health Laboratories, The Egg and Poultry Board, Kiryat Malachi, Israel
| | - Eyal Klement
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew university of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yaniv Pima
- The Poultry Health Laboratories, The Egg and Poultry Board, Kiryat Malachi, Israel
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10
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Allahyari E, Allymehr M, Molouki A, Fallah Mehrabadi MH, Talebi A. Molecular characterisation and phylogenetic study of the fusion gene of Newcastle disease viruses isolated from broiler farms of Iran in 2018-2019. BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.15547/bjvm.2020-0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian orthoavulavirus, commonly known as Newcastle disease virus (NDV) has been a constant threat for the poultry industry of Iran for decades. Recently, a couple of preliminary studies on backyard and commercial chicken suggested that a major subgenotype circulating in Iran may be VII(L) subgenotype, which is now known as VII.1.1 according to the new classification system. The unique subgenotype was not reported from other parts of the world and was slightly (≥3%) different from the closest group that was VIId. The study was conducted between July 2018 and March 2019 to determine the exact NDV genotypes/subgenotypes circulating in Iranian broiler poultry farms; five-hundred and forty chickens were sampled from thirty-six broiler farms located in eighteen provinces of Iran. As other genotypes/subgenotypes such as XIII and VI.2 are circulating in neighbouring countries, border provinces were also sampled. The F gene of the NDV isolates was sequenced and phylogenetic analysis was conducted. All the isolates clustered under the VII.1.1 group. The evolutionary analysis also revealed that the distances were between 0.0 and 0.7% meaning that the Iranian NDV circulating in broiler farms were not only of VII.1.1 sub-genotype, but also genetically very identical, indicating that the routine control measures for ND in Iran were not able to prevent the circulating NDVs. Although stricter biosecurity measures have been really effective in developed countries, surveillance of NDV to determine the circulating genotypes might also help us to implement better vaccination strategies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Allahyari
- Division of Poultry Health & Diseases, Department of Clinical sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - M. Allymehr
- Division of Poultry Health & Diseases, Department of Clinical sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - A. Molouki
- Department of Avian Diseases Research and Diagnosis, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - M. H. Fallah Mehrabadi
- Department of Avian Diseases Research and Diagnosis, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - A. Talebi
- Division of Poultry Health & Diseases, Department of Clinical sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
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Karamendin K, Kydyrmanov A. Cormorants as a Potentially Important Reservoir and Carrier of Newcastle Disease Virus on the Asian Continent. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:648091. [PMID: 34195243 PMCID: PMC8236515 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.648091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite numerous disease prevention measures and control programs, Newcastle disease (ND) remains one of the most significant infections in poultry worldwide, especially in developing countries. It is known that wild birds, mainly of the Anseriformes order, are the main carrier of lentogenic (non-pathogenic) variants of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) in nature. But the question of the reservoir of velogenic (highly pathogenic) NDV in nature still remains open. In the 1970s, 1990s, and 2000s in North America during epizootics among cormorants, velogenic NDV strains were isolated. It was later concluded that cormorants play an important role in the maintenance and circulation of NDV in North America. New data have been obtained on the circulation of velogenic NDV strains in wild birds in Central Asia: VIIb and XIII genotype strains were isolated from cormorants for the first time in Kazakhstan. Interestingly, outbreaks of NDV registered in poultry in Central and Southern Asia were phylogenetically close to the viruses from cormorants that support the idea that cormorants can serve as the potential reservoir of velogenic NDV in developing countries of Asia. The seasonal migrations of cormorants may contribute to the distribution of the virus throughout Asia but more evidence must be obtained to confirm this hypothesis. There is increasing evidence of the introduction of NDV into the poultry farms from wild nature worldwide. This article continues the discussion on the likelihood of cormorants to serve as a reservoir and carrier of NDV on the Asian continent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kobey Karamendin
- Laboratory of Viral Ecology, Scientific and Production Center of Microbiology and Virology, Almaty, Kazakhstan.,Kazakh National Agrarian University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Aidyn Kydyrmanov
- Laboratory of Viral Ecology, Scientific and Production Center of Microbiology and Virology, Almaty, Kazakhstan.,Kazakh National Agrarian University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
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12
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Molecular Characterization of Velogenic Newcastle Disease Virus (Sub-Genotype VII.1.1) from Wild Birds, with Assessment of Its Pathogenicity in Susceptible Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11020505. [PMID: 33672003 PMCID: PMC7919289 DOI: 10.3390/ani11020505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is a highly contagious viral disease affecting a wide range of avian species. The disease can be particularly virulent in chickens, resulting in high mortality and morbidity. In this study, we characterized velogenic NDV sub-genotype VII.1.1 from wild birds and assessed its pathogenicity in susceptible chickens. One hundred wild birds from the vicinity of poultry farms with a history of NDV infection were examined clinically. Pooled samples from the spleen, lung, and brain were screened using real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RRT-PCR) and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to detect the NDV F gene fragment, and phylogenetic analysis was carried out for identification of the genetic relatedness of the virus. Chickens were infected with the strains identified, and the major histopathological changes were assessed. Interestingly, NDV was detected in 44% of cattle egret samples and 26% of house sparrow samples by RRT-PCR, while RT-PCR detected NDV in 36% of cattle egrets examined and 20% of house sparrow samples. Phylogenetic analysis revealed close identity, of 99.7–98.5% (0.3–1.5% pairwise distance), between the isolates used in our study and other Egyptian class II, sub-genotype VII.1.1 NDV strains. Histopathological examination identified marked histopathological changes that are consistent with NDV. These findings provide interesting data in relation to the detection of NDV sub-genotype VII.1.1 in wild birds and reveal the major advantages of the combined use of molecular and histopathological methods in the detection and characterization of the virus. More research is needed to determine the characteristics of this contagious disease in the Egyptian environment. Abstract Newcastle disease (ND) is considered to be one of the most economically significant avian viral diseases. It has a worldwide distribution and a continuous diversity of genotypes. Despite its limited zoonotic potential, Newcastle disease virus (NDV) outbreaks in Egypt occur frequently and result in serious economic losses in the poultry industry. In this study, we investigated and characterized NDV in wild cattle egrets and house sparrows. Fifty cattle egrets and fifty house sparrows were collected from the vicinity of chicken farms in Kafrelsheikh Governorate, Egypt, which has a history of NDV infection. Lung, spleen, and brain tissue samples were pooled from each bird and screened for NDV by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RRT-PCR) and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to amplify the 370 bp NDV F gene fragment. NDV was detected by RRT-PCR in 22 of 50 (44%) cattle egrets and 13 of 50 (26%) house sparrows, while the conventional RT-PCR detected NDV in 18 of 50 (36%) cattle egrets and 10 of 50 (20%) of house sparrows. Phylogenic analysis revealed that the NDV strains identified in the present study are closely related to other Egyptian class II, sub-genotype VII.1.1 NDV strains from GenBank, having 99.7–98.5% identity. The pathogenicity of the wild-bird-origin NDV sub-genotype VII.1.1 NDV strains were assessed by experimental inoculation of identified strains (KFS-Motobas-2, KFS-Elhamoul-1, and KFS-Elhamoul-3) in 28-day-old specific-pathogen-free (SPF) Cobb chickens. The clinical signs and post-mortem changes of velogenic NDV genotype VII (GVII) were observed in inoculated chickens 3 to 7 days post-inoculation, with 67.5–70% mortality rates. NDV was detected in all NDV-inoculated chickens by RRT-PCR and RT-PCR at 3, 7, and 10 days post-inoculation. The histopathological findings of the experimentally infected chickens showed marked pulmonary congestion and pneumonia associated with complete bronchial stenosis. The spleen showed histocytic cell proliferation with marked lymphoid depletion, while the brain had malacia and diffuse gliosis. These findings provide interesting data about the characterization of NDV in wild birds from Egypt and add to our understanding of their possible role in the transmission dynamics of the disease in Egypt. Further research is needed to explore the role of other species of wild birds in the epidemiology of this disease and to compare the strains circulating in wild birds with those found in poultry.
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Wajid A, Mayahi V, Yin R, Ain Q, Mohiuddin A, Khalid F, Rehim A, Manan A, Baksh M. Genomic and biological characteristics of Avian Orthoavulavirus-1 strains isolated from multiple wild birds and backyard chickens in Pakistan. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:90. [PMID: 33415381 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-020-02497-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Circulation of the dominant sub-genotype VII.2 of Avian Orthoavulavirus-1 (AOAV-1) is affecting multiple poultry and non-poultry avian species and causing significant economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide. In countries where ND is endemic, continuous monitoring and characterization of field strains are necessary. In this study, genetic characteristics of eleven AOAV-1 strains were analyzed isolated from wild birds including parakeets (n = 3), lovebird parrot (n = 1), pheasant (n = 1), peacock (n = 1), and backyard chickens (n = 5) during 2015-2016. Genetic characterization (genome size [15,192 nucleotides], the presence of typical cleavage site [112-RRQKRF-117]) and biological assessment (HA log 27 to 29 and intracerebral pathogenicity index [ICPI] value ranging from 1.50 to 1.86) showed virulent AOAV-1. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the studied isolates belonged to sub-genotype VII.2 and genetically very closely related (> 98.9%) to viruses repeatedly isolated (2011-2018) from commercial poultry. These findings provide evidence for the existence of epidemiological links between poultry and wild bird species in the region where the disease is prevalent. The deduced amino acid analysis revealed several substitutions in critical domains of fusion and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase genes. The pathogenesis and transmission potential of wild bird-origin AOAV-1 strain (AW-Pht/2015) was evaluated in 21-day-old chickens that showed the strain was highly virulent causing clinical signs and killed all chickens. High viral loads were detected in different organs of the infected chickens correlating with the severity of lesions developed. The continuous monitoring of AOAV-1 isolates in different species of birds will improve our knowledge of the evolution of these viruses, thereby preventing possible panzootic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Wajid
- Department of Biotechnology, Virtual University of Pakistan, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Vafa Mayahi
- Central Laboratory Department, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Renfu Yin
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Road 5333, Changchun, Xi'an, 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Quratul Ain
- Department of Biotechnology, Virtual University of Pakistan, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Mohiuddin
- Department of Biotechnology, Virtual University of Pakistan, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Farah Khalid
- Department of Biotechnology, Virtual University of Pakistan, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Asif Rehim
- Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Manan
- Center for Advanced Studies in Vaccinology and Biotechnology, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Muqadas Baksh
- Departmeny of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Virtual University of Pakistan, Lahore, Pakistan
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14
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Steensels M, Van Borm S, Mertens I, Houdart P, Rauw F, Roupie V, Snoeck CJ, Bourg M, Losch S, Beerens N, van den Berg T, Lambrecht B. Molecular and virological characterization of the first poultry outbreaks of Genotype VII.2 velogenic avian orthoavulavirus type 1 (NDV) in North-West Europe, BeNeLux, 2018. Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 68:2147-2160. [PMID: 33012090 PMCID: PMC8359175 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
After two decades free of Newcastle disease, Belgium encountered a velogenic avian orthoavulavirus type 1 epizootic in 2018. In Belgium, 20 cases were diagnosed, of which 15 occurred in hobby flocks, 2 in professional poultry flocks and 3 in poultry retailers. The disease also disseminated from Belgium towards the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg by trade. Independently, the virus was detected once in the Netherlands, almost simultaneously to the first Belgian detection. As such Newcastle disease emerged in the entire BeNeLux region. Both the polybasic sequence of the fusion gene cleavage site and the intracerebral pathotyping assay demonstrated the high pathogenicity of the strain. This paper represents the first notification of this specific VII.2 subgenotype in the North-West of Europe. Time-calibrated full genome phylogenetic analysis indicated the silent or unreported circulation of the virus prior to the emergence of three genetic clusters in the BeNeLux region without clear geographical or other epidemiological correlation. The Dutch strain appeared as an outgroup to the Belgian and Luxembourgian strains in the time-correlated genetic analysis and no epidemiological link could be identified between the Belgian and Dutch outbreaks. In contrast, both genetic and epidemiological outbreak investigation data linked the G.D. Luxembourg case to the Belgian outbreak. The genetic links between Belgian viruses from retailers and hobby flocks only partially correlated with epidemiological data. Two independent introductions into the professional poultry sector were identified, although their origin could not be determined. Animal experiments using 6-week- old specific pathogen-free chickens indicated a systemic infection and efficient transmission of the virus. The implementation of re-vaccination in the professional sector, affected hobby and retailers, as well as the restriction on assembly and increased biosecurity measures, possibly limited the epizootic and resulted in the disappearance of the virus. These findings emphasize the constant need for awareness and monitoring of notifiable viruses in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mieke Steensels
- Sciensano, Avian Virology and Immunology Service, AI/ND Reference Laboratory for Belgium and GD Luxembourg, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Steven Van Borm
- Sciensano, Avian Virology and Immunology Service, AI/ND Reference Laboratory for Belgium and GD Luxembourg, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ingeborg Mertens
- Federal Agency for the Safety of the Food Chain, General Direction Control Policy, The Belgian Federal Government, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Philippe Houdart
- Federal Agency for the Safety of the Food Chain, General Direction Control Policy, The Belgian Federal Government, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Fabienne Rauw
- Sciensano, Avian Virology and Immunology Service, AI/ND Reference Laboratory for Belgium and GD Luxembourg, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Virginie Roupie
- Sciensano, Avian Virology and Immunology Service, AI/ND Reference Laboratory for Belgium and GD Luxembourg, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Chantal J Snoeck
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Manon Bourg
- Laboratory of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Services Administration, Ministry of Agriculture, Viticulture and rural Development, Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Serge Losch
- Laboratory of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Services Administration, Ministry of Agriculture, Viticulture and rural Development, Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Nancy Beerens
- Division of Virology, AI/ND Reference Laboratory for the Netherlands, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Thierry van den Berg
- Sciensano, Avian Virology and Immunology Service, AI/ND Reference Laboratory for Belgium and GD Luxembourg, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bénédicte Lambrecht
- Sciensano, Avian Virology and Immunology Service, AI/ND Reference Laboratory for Belgium and GD Luxembourg, Brussels, Belgium
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Turan N, Ozsemir C, Yilmaz A, Cizmecigil UY, Aydin O, Bamac OE, Gurel A, Kutukcu A, Ozsemir K, Tali HE, Tali BH, Yilmaz SG, Yaramanoglu M, Tekelioğlu BK, Ozsoy S, Richt JA, Iqbal M, Yilmaz H. Identification of Newcastle disease virus subgenotype VII.2 in wild birds in Turkey. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:277. [PMID: 32771001 PMCID: PMC7414739 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02503-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Newcastle disease viruses (NDVs) can spread across continents via migratory birds. Hence, we investigated the frequency of NDV in both non-migratory and birds migrating on the Black Sea-Mediterranean flyway, in Istanbul, Turkey. Birds were trapped using nets placed around the Kucukcekmece lake Avcilar, Istanbul, in spring seasons of 2016 and 2018. In total, 297 birds belonging to 42 different species were trapped, categorized according to species and sex, and flocked oropharyngeal swabs were collected. In addition, flocked swabs were also collected from 115 mallards caught by hunters around Edirne and from 207 birds which had been treated in the Veterinary Faculty of Istanbul university-Cerrahpasa. Tissue samples were taken from dead wild birds brought by public to Veterinary Faculty. A total of 619 flocked oropharyngeal swabs were pooled into 206 samples. RNA was extracted from swabs and tissue samples. Real-time RT-PCR prob. assay was used to detect NDV-RNA in samples. RESULTS There was no amplification in real time RT-PCR in samples taken from wild birds caught by traps. However, amplification of NDV-F gene was observed in oropharyngeal swabs taken from 2 waterfowls (Common Moorhen and Mallard), and in tissue samples taken from 2 little owls and 1 common kestrel. Sequencing and phylogenetic analyses of these 5 samples for NDV-F gene showed great similarity with NDV subgenotype VII.2 viruses. Analysis also showed that there is a high similarity with the F gene sequences previously reported from Turkey in 2012 and as well as the sequences from neighbouring countries Bulgaria and Georgia and geographically close country such as Pakistan. Although the strains found in this study are closely related, there is a relatively small degree of molecular divergence within 543 bp of F gene of the Turkish NDV isolate and strains detected in Israel, Pakistan, Iran, United Arab Emirates and Belgium. CONCLUSIONS Our findings revealed the presence of subgenotype VII.2 of NDVs in wild birds in north west of Turkey and demonstrated some degree of molecular evolution when compared to the earlier NDV-VII.2 isolate in Turkey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuri Turan
- Department of Virology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Istanbul-Cerrahpasa, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cemal Ozsemir
- Department of Virology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Istanbul-Cerrahpasa, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aysun Yilmaz
- Department of Virology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Istanbul-Cerrahpasa, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Utku Y Cizmecigil
- Department of Virology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Istanbul-Cerrahpasa, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozge Aydin
- Department of Virology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Istanbul-Cerrahpasa, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozge Erdogan Bamac
- Department of Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Istanbul-Cerrahpasa, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aydin Gurel
- Department of Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Istanbul-Cerrahpasa, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Kutukcu
- Department of Virology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Istanbul-Cerrahpasa, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kubra Ozsemir
- Department of Wild Animals and Ecology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Istanbul-Cerrahpasa, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - H Emre Tali
- Department of Virology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Istanbul-Cerrahpasa, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Besim H Tali
- Department of Virology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Istanbul-Cerrahpasa, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Semaha G Yilmaz
- Department of Virology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Istanbul-Cerrahpasa, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmetcan Yaramanoglu
- Department of Virology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Istanbul-Cerrahpasa, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - B Kaan Tekelioğlu
- Department of Virology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Cukurova, Ceyhan, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serhat Ozsoy
- Department of Wild Animals and Ecology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Istanbul-Cerrahpasa, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Juergen A Richt
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, USA
| | - Munir Iqbal
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, GU24 0NF, UK
| | - Huseyin Yilmaz
- Department of Virology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Istanbul-Cerrahpasa, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Kataev M, Bulysheva L, Xu L, Ekhlakov Y, Permyakova N, Jovanovic V. Fuzzy model estimation of the risk factors impact on the target of promotion of the software product. ENTERP INF SYST-UK 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/17517575.2020.1713407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kataev
- Department of Control Systems, Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radioelectronics, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Larisa Bulysheva
- Department of Information Technology and Decision Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Lida Xu
- Department of Information Technology and Decision Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Yuri Ekhlakov
- Department of Control Systems, Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radioelectronics, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Natalia Permyakova
- Department of Control Systems, Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radioelectronics, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Vukica Jovanovic
- Department of Engineering Technology, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
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Current scenario of viral diseases in Turkish poultry industry. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2019. [DOI: 10.1017/s0043933919000606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Isolation and genetic characterization of virulent strains of avian paramyxovirus-1 from multiple avian species in Azad Jammu and Kashmir 2017-2018. Braz J Microbiol 2019; 51:385-394. [PMID: 31768926 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-019-00193-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite intensive vaccination, endemicity of Avian paramyxoviruses-1 (APMV-1) is a significant problem in developing countries in Africa, Middle East, and Asia. Given the importance of APMV-1 in poultry and multiple non-poultry avian species, it is important to continue surveillance programs, routine monitoring and characterization of field isolates in the region where viruses are endemic. The purpose of this study was to pathotyped and genetically characterized 21 APMV-1s isolated from multiple avian species reared in different regions of Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK). Phylogenetic analysis based on complete fusion (F) gene sequences showed that 17 APMV-1 isolates obtained from commercial poultry and backyard birds belonged to sub-genotype VIIi. Though, one pigeon-origin APMV-1 isolate was clustered in sub-genotype VIg and three in recently designated new sub-genotype VIm of genotype VI. The pigeon-origin isolates had the following two motifs 113-RKKR↓F-117 and 113-RQRR↓F-117, while all other isolates had the polybasic amino acid sequence 113-RQKR↓F-117 at the F-cleavage site, which is characteristic of virulent APMV-1 strains. These results are consistent with the five viruses that had intracerebral pathogenicity indices (ICPIs) of between 1.50 and 1.73, corresponding to a velogenic pathotype. The APMV-1s isolated from commercial poultry and backyard birds in this study showed low nucleotide distance (0.3-0.9%) and genetically closely related (> 97%) to viruses repeatedly isolated (2011-2017) from multiple avian species in other states of Pakistan. Strengthened surveillance programs in both commercial poultry and backyard flocks are needed to better assess the commercial-backyard bird interface and form a basis for evidence-based measures to limit and prevent APMV-1 transmission.
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A Recombinant Turkey Herpesvirus Expressing F and HN Genes of Avian Avulavirus-1 (AAvV-1) Genotype VI Confers Cross-Protection against Challenge with Virulent AAvV-1 Genotypes IV and VII in Chickens. Viruses 2019; 11:v11090784. [PMID: 31450681 PMCID: PMC6784189 DOI: 10.3390/v11090784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease (ND) is responsible for significant economic losses in the poultry industry. The disease is caused by virulent strains of Avian avulavirus 1 (AAvV-1), a species within the family Paramyxoviridae. We developed a recombinant construct based on the herpesvirus of turkeys (HVT) as a vector expressing two genes: F and HN (HVT-NDV-F-HN) derived from the AAvV-1 genotype VI ("pigeon variant" of AAvV-1). This recombinant viral vaccine candidate was used to subcutaneously immunize one group of specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens and two groups of broiler chickens (20 one-day-old birds/group). Humoral immune response was evaluated by hemagglutination-inhibition test and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The efficacy of the immunization was assessed in two separate challenge studies performed at 6 weeks of age with the use of virulent AAvV-1 strains representing heterologous genotypes IV and VII. The developed vaccine candidate elicited complete protection in SPF chickens since none of the birds became sick or died during the 2-week observation period. In the broiler groups, 90% and 100% clinical protection were achieved after challenges with AAvV-1 of IV and VII genotypes, respectively. We found no obvious relationship between antibody levels and protection assessed in broilers in the challenge study. The developed recombinant HVT-NDV-F-HN construct containing genes from a genotype VI AAvV-1 offers promising results as a potential vaccine candidate against ND in chickens.
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20
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Dimitrov KM, Abolnik C, Afonso CL, Albina E, Bahl J, Berg M, Briand FX, Brown IH, Choi KS, Chvala I, Diel DG, Durr PA, Ferreira HL, Fusaro A, Gil P, Goujgoulova GV, Grund C, Hicks JT, Joannis TM, Torchetti MK, Kolosov S, Lambrecht B, Lewis NS, Liu H, Liu H, McCullough S, Miller PJ, Monne I, Muller CP, Munir M, Reischak D, Sabra M, Samal SK, Servan de Almeida R, Shittu I, Snoeck CJ, Suarez DL, Van Borm S, Wang Z, Wong FYK. Updated unified phylogenetic classification system and revised nomenclature for Newcastle disease virus. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2019; 74:103917. [PMID: 31200111 PMCID: PMC6876278 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2019.103917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Several Avian paramyxoviruses 1 (synonymous with Newcastle disease virus or NDV, used hereafter) classification systems have been proposed for strain identification and differentiation. These systems pioneered classification efforts; however, they were based on different approaches and lacked objective criteria for the differentiation of isolates. These differences have created discrepancies among systems, rendering discussions and comparisons across studies difficult. Although a system that used objective classification criteria was proposed by Diel and co-workers in 2012, the ample worldwide circulation and constant evolution of NDV, and utilization of only some of the criteria, led to identical naming and/or incorrect assigning of new sub/genotypes. To address these issues, an international consortium of experts was convened to undertake in-depth analyses of NDV genetic diversity. This consortium generated curated, up-to-date, complete fusion gene class I and class II datasets of all known NDV for public use, performed comprehensive phylogenetic neighbor-Joining, maximum-likelihood, Bayesian and nucleotide distance analyses, and compared these inference methods. An updated NDV classification and nomenclature system that incorporates phylogenetic topology, genetic distances, branch support, and epidemiological independence was developed. This new consensus system maintains two NDV classes and existing genotypes, identifies three new class II genotypes, and reduces the number of sub-genotypes. In order to track the ancestry of viruses, a dichotomous naming system for designating sub-genotypes was introduced. In addition, a pilot dataset and sub-trees rooting guidelines for rapid preliminary genotype identification of new isolates are provided. Guidelines for sequence dataset curation and phylogenetic inference, and a detailed comparison between the updated and previous systems are included. To increase the speed of phylogenetic inference and ensure consistency between laboratories, detailed guidelines for the use of a supercomputer are also provided. The proposed unified classification system will facilitate future studies of NDV evolution and epidemiology, and comparison of results obtained across the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiril M Dimitrov
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Disease Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, US National Poultry Research Center, ARS, USDA, 934 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30605, USA.
| | - Celia Abolnik
- Department of Production Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Old Soutpan Road, Onderstepoort, Pretoria 0110, South Africa
| | - Claudio L Afonso
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Disease Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, US National Poultry Research Center, ARS, USDA, 934 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30605, USA.
| | - Emmanuel Albina
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, F-97170 Petit-Bourg, Guadeloupe, France; ASTRE CIRAD, INRA, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Justin Bahl
- Center for Ecology of Infectious Disease, Department of Infectious Diseases, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Mikael Berg
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7028, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Francois-Xavier Briand
- ANSES, Avian and Rabbit Virology Immunology and Parasitology Unit, National reference laboratory for avian Influenza and Newcastle disease, BP 53, 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - Ian H Brown
- OIE/FAO International Reference Laboratory for Newcastle Disease, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA -Weybridge), Addlestone KT15 3NB, UK
| | - Kang-Seuk Choi
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (MAFRA), 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Ilya Chvala
- Federal Governmental Budgetary Institution, Federal Centre for Animal Health, FGI ARRIAH, Vladimir 600901, Russia
| | - Diego G Diel
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Animal Disease, Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
| | - Peter A Durr
- CSIRO Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Portarlington Road, East Geelong, Victoria 3219, Australia
| | - Helena L Ferreira
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Disease Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, US National Poultry Research Center, ARS, USDA, 934 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30605, USA; University of Sao Paulo, ZMV, FZEA, Pirassununga 13635900, Brazil
| | - Alice Fusaro
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe), Viale dell'Università 10, Legnaro 35020, Italy
| | - Patricia Gil
- ASTRE CIRAD, INRA, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France; CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, F-34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Gabriela V Goujgoulova
- National Diagnostic and Research Veterinary Medical Institute, 15 Pencho Slaveikov blvd., Sofia 1606, Bulgaria
| | - Christian Grund
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493 Greifswald, Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Joseph T Hicks
- Center for Ecology of Infectious Disease, Department of Infectious Diseases, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Tony M Joannis
- Regional Laboratory for Animal Influenzas and Transboundary Animal Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria
| | - Mia Kim Torchetti
- National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Diagnostics and Biologics, Veterinary Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1920 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010, USA
| | - Sergey Kolosov
- Federal Governmental Budgetary Institution, Federal Centre for Animal Health, FGI ARRIAH, Vladimir 600901, Russia
| | - Bénédicte Lambrecht
- Infectious Diseases in Animals, SCIENSANO, Groeselenberg 99, 1180, Ukkel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nicola S Lewis
- OIE/FAO International Reference Laboratory for Newcastle Disease, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA -Weybridge), Addlestone KT15 3NB, UK; Royal Veterinary College, University of London, 4 Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK
| | - Haijin Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Hualei Liu
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center (CAHEC), 369 Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266032, China
| | - Sam McCullough
- CSIRO Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Portarlington Road, East Geelong, Victoria 3219, Australia
| | - Patti J Miller
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 953 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Isabella Monne
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe), Viale dell'Università 10, Legnaro 35020, Italy
| | - Claude P Muller
- Infectious Diseases Research Unit, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 29, rue Henri Koch, L-4354 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Muhammad Munir
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Dilmara Reischak
- Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento, Laboratório Federal de Defesa Agropecuário, Campinas, SP 13100-105, Brazil
| | - Mahmoud Sabra
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt
| | - Siba K Samal
- Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Renata Servan de Almeida
- ASTRE CIRAD, INRA, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France; CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, F-34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Ismaila Shittu
- Regional Laboratory for Animal Influenzas and Transboundary Animal Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria
| | - Chantal J Snoeck
- Infectious Diseases Research Unit, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 29, rue Henri Koch, L-4354 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - David L Suarez
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Disease Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, US National Poultry Research Center, ARS, USDA, 934 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30605, USA
| | - Steven Van Borm
- Infectious Diseases in Animals, SCIENSANO, Groeselenberg 99, 1180, Ukkel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Zhiliang Wang
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center (CAHEC), 369 Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266032, China
| | - Frank Y K Wong
- CSIRO Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Portarlington Road, East Geelong, Victoria 3219, Australia
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Rauf I, Wajid A, Hussain I, Ather S, Ali MA. Immunoprotective role of LaSota vaccine under immunosuppressive conditions in chicken challenged with velogenic avian avulavirus-1. Trop Anim Health Prod 2019; 51:1357-1365. [DOI: 10.1007/s11250-019-01814-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Rehman ZU, Meng C, Sun Y, Mahrose KM, Umar S, Ding C, Munir M. Pathobiology of Avian avulavirus 1: special focus on waterfowl. Vet Res 2018; 49:94. [PMID: 30231933 PMCID: PMC6148804 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-018-0587-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian avulaviruses serotype 1 (abbreviated as APMV-1 for the historical name avian paramyxovirus 1) are capable of infecting a wide spectrum of avian species with variable clinical symptoms and outcomes. Ease of transmission has allowed the virus to spread worldwide with varying degrees of virulence depending upon the virus strain and host species. The emergence of new virulent genotypes from global epizootics, and the year-to-year genomic changes in low and high virulence APMV-1 imply that distinct genotypes of APMV-1 are simultaneously evolving at different geographic locations across the globe. This vast genomic diversity may be favoured by large variety of avian species susceptibility to APMV-1 infection, and by the availability of highly mobile wild birds. It has long been considered that waterfowls are not sensitive to APMV-1 and are unable to show any clinical signs, however, outbreaks from the 90's contradict these concepts. The APMV-1 isolates are increasingly reported from the waterfowl. Waterfowl have strong innate immune responses, which minimize the impact of virus infection, however, are unable to prevent the viral shedding. Numerous APMV-1 are carried by domestic waterfowl intermingling with terrestrial poultry. Therefore, commercial ducks and geese should be vaccinated against APMV-1 to minimize the virus shedding and for the prevention the transmission. Genetic diversity within APMV-1 demonstrates the need for continual monitoring of viral evolution and periodic updates of vaccine seed-strains to achieve efficient control and eradication of APMV-1 in waterfowls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaib Ur Rehman
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute (SHVRI), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, 200241, China.,Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, 46300, Pakistan
| | - Chunchun Meng
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute (SHVRI), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, 200241, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yingjie Sun
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute (SHVRI), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Khalid M Mahrose
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Sajid Umar
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, 46300, Pakistan
| | - Chan Ding
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute (SHVRI), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, 200241, China. .,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Shanghai, 200241, China.
| | - Muhammad Munir
- Biomedical and Life Sciences, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YG, UK
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Ghalyanchilangeroudi A, Hosseini H, Jabbarifakhr M, Fallah Mehrabadi MH, Najafi H, Ghafouri SA, Mousavi FS, Ziafati Z, Modiri A. Emergence of a virulent genotype VIIi of Newcastle disease virus in Iran. Avian Pathol 2018; 47:509-519. [PMID: 29954188 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2018.1495313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Newcastle disease (ND) is a contagious viral disease affecting numerous avian species, particularly domestic poultry, and causes devastating outbreaks. In spite of its endemicity and importance in Iran, data on the genetic characterization of ND virus (NDV) are scarce. An alarming issue that has just been raised is the occurrence of ND outbreaks with unexpected high mortality and severe clinical signs. The present study was conducted to characterize the emerging NDV genetically. An NDV strain, isolated in 2017 from commercial broilers showing severe nervous and enteric signs, was completely sequenced and found to be 15,192 nucleotides in length. The phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the virus belonged to subgenotype VIIi, a subgenotype with potential panzootic features which has recently emerged in the Middle East and Asia. The supporting genetic pattern obtained from the complete genome, fusion and haemagglutinin gene analysis showed close relationship of the isolate with Pakistani VIIi NDVs. The analysis of the F protein showed a polybasic amino acid motif and a phenylalanine at position 117 at the cleavage site, which is a characteristic of virulent strains. The isolate showed significant differences from the previously characterized NDV strains from commercial and rural chickens in Iran. This may describe the importance of the illegal trade of pet birds from neighbouring countries leading to the emergence of new genotypes. This study introduces a newly emerging NDV VIIi subgenotype in Iran. This investigation emphasizes the necessity of effective control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Ghalyanchilangeroudi
- a Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , University of Tehran , Tehran , Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseini
- b Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University , Alborz , Iran
| | - Masoumeh Jabbarifakhr
- a Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , University of Tehran , Tehran , Iran
| | | | - Hamideh Najafi
- d Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine , Shiraz University , Shiraz , Iran
| | | | - Fatemeh Sadat Mousavi
- a Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , University of Tehran , Tehran , Iran
| | - Zahra Ziafati
- a Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , University of Tehran , Tehran , Iran
| | - Amir Modiri
- a Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , University of Tehran , Tehran , Iran
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24
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Comparison of protection and viral shedding following vaccination with Newcastle disease virus strains of different genotypes used in vaccine formulation. Trop Anim Health Prod 2018; 50:1645-1651. [DOI: 10.1007/s11250-018-1607-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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25
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Brown VR, Bevins SN. A review of virulent Newcastle disease viruses in the United States and the role of wild birds in viral persistence and spread. Vet Res 2017; 48:68. [PMID: 29073919 PMCID: PMC5659000 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-017-0475-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease is caused by virulent strains of Newcastle disease virus (NDV), which causes substantial morbidity and mortality events worldwide in poultry. The virus strains can be differentiated as lentogenic, mesogenic, or velogenic based on a mean death time in chicken embryos. Currently, velogenic strains of NDV are not endemic in United States domestic poultry; however, these strains are present in other countries and are occasionally detected in wild birds in the U.S. A viral introduction into domestic poultry could have severe economic consequences due to the loss of production from sick and dying birds, the cost of control measures such as depopulation and disinfection measures, and the trade restrictions that would likely be imposed as a result of an outbreak. Due to the disease-free status of the U.S. and the high cost of a potential viral incursion to the poultry industry, a qualitative risk analysis was performed to evaluate the vulnerabilities of the U.S. against the introduction of virulent strains of NDV. The most likely routes of virus introduction are explored and data gathered by several federal agencies is provided. Recommendations are ultimately provided for data that would be useful to further understand NDV on the landscape and to utilize all existing sampling opportunities to begin to comprehend viral movement and further characterize the risk of NDV introduction into the U.S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vienna R Brown
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) supported by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS), Science and Technology Directorate (S&T), Chemical and Biological Defense Division (CBD), Oak Ridge, TN, USA.
| | - Sarah N Bevins
- United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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Abstract
Due to the ongoing need to protect poultry from virulent Newcastle disease virus, all commercial poultry flocks in Israel are vaccinated according to a defined programme using a combination of live and inactivated vaccines. The vaccination protocol for broilers during the years of the study comprised a live vaccine administered by spray on the day of hatching, inactivated vaccine by subcutaneous injection at 10-12 days of age, and another live vaccine given by aerosol at 17-21 days of age. A cross-sectional study was designed in order to examine the influence of herd immunity on the risk of Newcastle disease outbreak in broiler flocks. The study was based on the extensive field data kept in the Poultry Health Laboratories database. The results of serology tests employing haemagglutination inhibition for Newcastle disease virus were analysed and crossed with the list of flocks that had been diagnosed with ND in the years 2007-2014. At the peak of induced immunization (fifth week of growth), 87.5% of the tested flocks had achieved herd immunity (≥85% of birds in the flock with an HI titre ≥4). Based on a logistic regression model, the odds ratio for ND in flocks without herd immunity was 3.7 (95% CI 1.8-7.3, P-value < 0.001). The higher the percentage of birds with low HI titres the higher the risk of ND outbreak. Under field conditions, herd immunity is an important indicator for the risk of ND outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anat Wiseman
- a The Poultry Health Laboratories , The Egg and Poultry Board , Kiryat Malachi , Israel
| | - Elyakum M Berman
- a The Poultry Health Laboratories , The Egg and Poultry Board , Kiryat Malachi , Israel
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27
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Complete Genome Sequence of a Velogenic Newcastle Disease Virus Strain Isolated from a Clinically Healthy Exotic Parakeet ( Melopsittacus undulatus) in Pakistan. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2017; 5:5/6/e01581-16. [PMID: 28183762 PMCID: PMC5331502 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.01581-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The complete genome sequence of a virulent Newcastle disease virus (vNDV) strain isolated from an exotic parakeet (Melopsittacus undulatus) is described here. The virulent strain parakeet/Pak/R-Pindi/SFR-16/2016 was isolated from a bird reared as a pet in the province of Punjab in the northern region of Pakistan in 2016. Phylogenetic analysis classified the isolate as a member of NDV class II, subgenotype VIIi, in genotype VII.
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