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Ma L, Zhu M, Meng Q, Wang Y, Wang X. Real-time detection of Seneca Valley virus by one-tube RPA-CRISPR/Cas12a assay. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 13:1305222. [PMID: 38259970 PMCID: PMC10800940 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1305222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Senecavirus A (SVA) is a highly contagious virus that causes vesicular disease in pigs. At present, laboratory detection methods, such as virus isolation and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), required precision instruments and qualified personnel, making them unsuitable for point-of-care tests (POCT). Fortunately, the emergence of CRISPR/Cas system has provided new opportunities for fast and efficient pathogen detection. Methods This study successfully developed a precise and sensitive detection platform for diagnosing SVA by combining the CRISPR system with recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA). Results The minimum detection limit of the assay was 10 copies of the SVA genome. Meanwhile, the assay demonstrated high specificity. To validate the effectiveness of this system, we tested 85 swine clinical samples and found that the fluorescence method had a 100% coincidence rate compared to RT-qPCR. Discussion Overall, the RPA-CRISPR/Cas12a assay established in our study is a highly effective method for detecting SVA and holds great potential for practical applications in the resource-limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ma
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, China
- College of Life Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Mengjie Zhu
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, China
| | - Qingfeng Meng
- Testing Technology R&D Department, Shanghai Kaiwosha Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Wang
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, China
| | - Xueping Wang
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, China
- College of Life Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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Bold D, Souza-Neto JA, Gombo-Ochir D, Gaudreault NN, Meekins DA, McDowell CD, Zayat B, Richt JA. Rapid Identification of ASFV, CSFV and FMDV from Mongolian Outbreaks with MinION Short Amplicon Sequencing. Pathogens 2023; 12:533. [PMID: 37111419 PMCID: PMC10140976 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12040533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV), classical swine fever virus (CSFV), and foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) cause important transboundary animal diseases (TADs) that have a significant economic impact. The rapid and unequivocal identification of these pathogens and distinction from other animal diseases based on clinical symptoms in the field is difficult. Nevertheless, early pathogen detection is critical in limiting their spread and impact as is the availability of a reliable, rapid, and cost-effective diagnostic test. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility to identify ASFV, CSFV, and FMDV in field samples using next generation sequencing of short PCR products as a point-of-care diagnostic. We isolated nucleic acids from tissue samples of animals in Mongolia that were infected with ASFV (2019), CSFV (2015), or FMDV (2018), and performed conventional (RT-) PCR using primers recommended by the Terrestrial Animal Health Code of the World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH). The (RT-) PCR products were then sequenced in Mongolia using the MinION nanopore portable sequencer. The resulting sequencing reads successfully identified the respective pathogens that exhibited 91-100% nucleic acid similarity to the reference strains. Phylogenetic analyses suggest that the Mongolian virus isolates are closely related to other isolates circulating in the same geographic region. Based on our results, sequencing short fragments derived by conventional (RT-) PCR is a reliable approach for rapid point-of-care diagnostics for ASFV, CSFV, and FMDV even in low-resource countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dashzeveg Bold
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Jayme A. Souza-Neto
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | | | - Natasha N. Gaudreault
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - David A. Meekins
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Chester D. McDowell
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Batsukh Zayat
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Mongolian University of Life Sciences, Ulaanbaatar 17029, Mongolia
| | - Juergen A. Richt
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
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3
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Weerawardhana A, Uddin MB, Choi JH, Pathinayake P, Shin SH, Chathuranga K, Park JH, Lee JS. Foot-and-mouth disease virus non-structural protein 2B downregulates the RLR signaling pathway via degradation of RIG-I and MDA5. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1020262. [PMID: 36248821 PMCID: PMC9556895 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1020262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is a single-stranded, positive-sense RNA virus containing at least 13 proteins. Many of these proteins show immune modulation capabilities. As a non-structural protein of the FMDV, 2B is involved in the rearrangement of the host cell membranes and the disruption of the host secretory pathway as a viroporin. Previous studies have also shown that FMDV 2B plays a role in the modulation of host type-I interferon (IFN) responses through the inhibition of expression of RIG-I and MDA5, key cytosolic sensors of the type-I IFN signaling. However, the exact molecular mechanism is poorly understood. Here, we demonstrated that FMDV 2B modulates host IFN signal pathway by the degradation of RIG-I and MDA5. FMDV 2B targeted the RIG-I for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation by recruiting E3 ubiquitin ligase ring finger protein 125 (RNF125) and also targeted MDA5 for apoptosis-induced caspase-3- and caspase-8-dependent degradation. Ultimately, FMDV 2B significantly inhibited RNA virus-induced IFN-β production. Importantly, we identified that the C-terminal amino acids 126-154 of FMDV 2B are essential for 2B-mediated degradation of the RIG-I and MDA5. Collectively, these results provide a clearer understanding of the specific molecular mechanisms used by FMDV 2B to inhibit the IFN responses and a rational approach to virus attenuation for future vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asela Weerawardhana
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Md Bashir Uddin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Medicine, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Joo-Hyung Choi
- Foot and Mouth Disease Division, Animal Quarantine and Inspection Agency, Anyang, South Korea
- Wildlife Disease Response Team, National Institute of Wildlife Disease Control and Prevention (NIWDC), Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Prabuddha Pathinayake
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
- Immune Health Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Sung Ho Shin
- Foot and Mouth Disease Division, Animal Quarantine and Inspection Agency, Anyang, South Korea
| | - Kiramage Chathuranga
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jong-Hyeon Park
- Foot and Mouth Disease Division, Animal Quarantine and Inspection Agency, Anyang, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Jong-Hyeon Park, ; Jong-Soo Lee,
| | - Jong-Soo Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Jong-Hyeon Park, ; Jong-Soo Lee,
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Munsey A, Mwiine FN, Ochwo S, Velazquez-Salinas L, Ahmed Z, Maree F, Rodriguez LL, Rieder E, Perez A, Dellicour S, VanderWaal K. Phylogeographic analysis of foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype O dispersal and associated drivers in East Africa. Mol Ecol 2021; 30:3815-3825. [PMID: 34008868 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The continued endemicity of foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) in East Africa has significant implications for livestock production and poverty reduction, yet its complex epidemiology in endemic settings remains poorly understood. Identifying FMDV dispersal routes and drivers of transmission is key to improved control strategies. Environmental heterogeneity and anthropogenic drivers (e.g., demand for animal products) can impact viral spread by influencing host movements. Here, we utilized FMDV serotype O VP1 genetic sequences and corresponding spatiotemporal data in order to (i) infer the recent dispersal history, and (II) investigate the impact of external factors (cattle density, human population density, proximity to livestock markets, and drought) on dispersal velocity, location, and direction of FMDV serotype O in East Africa. We identified statistical evidence of long-distance transmission events, and we found that FMDV serotype O tends to remain circulating in areas of high cattle density, high human population density, and in close proximity to livestock markets. The latter two findings highlight the influence of anthropogenic factors on FMDV serotype O spread in this region. These findings contribute to the understanding of FMDV epidemiology in East Africa and can help guide improved control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Munsey
- Veterinary Population Medicine Department, University of Minnesota College of Veterinary Medicine, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Frank Norbert Mwiine
- Makerere University College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity (COVAB), Kampala, Uganda
| | - Sylvester Ochwo
- Makerere University College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity (COVAB), Kampala, Uganda
| | - Lauro Velazquez-Salinas
- Veterinary Population Medicine Department, University of Minnesota College of Veterinary Medicine, St. Paul, MN, USA.,Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture, Greenport, NY, USA
| | - Zaheer Ahmed
- Animal and Plant Health Inspection Services (APHIS), National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Foreign Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Greenport, NY, USA
| | - Francois Maree
- Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Luis L Rodriguez
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture, Greenport, NY, USA
| | - Elizabeth Rieder
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture, Greenport, NY, USA
| | - Andres Perez
- Veterinary Population Medicine Department, University of Minnesota College of Veterinary Medicine, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Simon Dellicour
- Spatial Epidemiology Laboratory (SpELL), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory for Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kimberly VanderWaal
- Veterinary Population Medicine Department, University of Minnesota College of Veterinary Medicine, St. Paul, MN, USA
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Wong CL, Yong CY, Ong HK, Ho KL, Tan WS. Advances in the Diagnosis of Foot-and-Mouth Disease. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:477. [PMID: 32974392 PMCID: PMC7473413 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a devastating livestock disease caused by foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). Outbreaks of this disease in a country always result in conspicuous economic losses to livestock industry and subsequently lead to serious socioeconomic damages due to the immediate imposition of trade embargo. Rapid and accurate diagnoses are imperative to control this infectious virus. In the current review, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-based methods used in FMD diagnosis are extensively reviewed, particularly the sandwich, liquid-phase blocking, and solid-phase competition ELISA. The differentiation of infected animals from vaccinated animals using ELISA-based methods is also highlighted, in which the role of 3ABC polyprotein as a marker is reviewed intensively. Recently, more studies are focusing on the molecular diagnostic methods, which detect the viral nucleic acids based on reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and RT-loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP). These methods are generally more sensitive because of their ability to amplify a minute amount of the viral nucleic acids. In this digital era, the RT-PCR and RT-LAMP are progressing toward the mobile versions, aiming for on-site FMDV diagnosis. Apart from RT-PCR and RT-LAMP, another diagnostic assay specifically designed for on-site diagnosis is the lateral flow immunochromatographic test strips. These test strips have some distinct advantages over other diagnostic methods, whereby the assay often does not require the aid of an external device, which greatly lowers the cost per test. In addition, the on-site diagnostic test can be easily performed by untrained personnel including farmers, and the results can be obtained in a few minutes. Lastly, the use of FMDV diagnostic assays for progressive control of the disease is also discussed critically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Loo Wong
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Chean Yeah Yong
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia.,Laboratory of Vaccines and Biomolecules, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Hui Kian Ong
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Kok Lian Ho
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Wen Siang Tan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia.,Laboratory of Vaccines and Biomolecules, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
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6
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de Menezes TC, Luna I, de Miranda SHG. Network Analysis of Cattle Movement in Mato Grosso Do Sul (Brazil) and Implications for Foot-and-Mouth Disease. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:219. [PMID: 32411738 PMCID: PMC7201065 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Foot-and mouth disease (FMD) is an animal disease that generates many economic impacts and sanctions on the international market. In 2018, Brazil, the world's largest beef exporter, had the recognition by World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) as a country free of FMD with vaccination and proposed to withdraw FMD vaccination throughout the country, based on a 10-year schedule, beginning in 2019. Therefore, Brazil needs studies to help the decision-making process, particularly regarding the availability of resources for strengthening of official animal health services. The state of Mato Grosso do Sul (MS) was chosen to be analyzed for three reasons: the size of its herd, the economic importance of its livestock and its location—which lies on the border with Paraguay and Bolivia. The current study adopted the Social Network Analysis and performed an exploratory analysis of cattle movement in MS. The most central municipalities in the networks were identified and they can be seen as crucial in strategies to monitor animal movement and to control outbreaks. The cattle movement networks demonstrated to be strongly connected, implying a high-speed potential FMD diffusion, in case of reintroduction. In a second stage, we performed an exploratory analysis of animal movement within the state, assuming distinct points in time for the identification of animal origin. The results of the analysis underlined the need and relevance of investing in animal control, sanitary education for producers and equipment and technologies to assist in the early detection, diagnosis, and eradication of outbreaks in a fast and efficient manner, preventing a possible outbreak from spreading to other regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taís C de Menezes
- Graduate Program in Applied Economics, Center for Advanced Studies on Applied Economics (Cepea), Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculure (Esalq), University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Ivette Luna
- Institute of Economics (IE), State University of Campinas (Unicamp), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sílvia H G de Miranda
- Department of Economics, Administration and Sociology (LES), Center for Advanced Studies on Applied Economics (Cepea), Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculure (Esalq), University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
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Seroprevalence of foot-and-mouth disease virus in cattle herds raised in Maasai Mara ecosystem in Kenya. Prev Vet Med 2020; 176:104929. [PMID: 32105863 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2020.104929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A cross-sectional study was carried out to determine foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) seroprevalence and identify risk factors of exposure among cattle herds raised in three zones with different types of land use and progressively distant from the Maasai Mara National Reserve (MMNR) boundary. We selected five villages purposively; two in zone 1 (area < 20 km from the MMNR), another two in zone 2 (area between 20-40 km away from the MMNR) and one in zone 3 (area >40 km away from the MMNR). A total of 1170 cattle sera were collected from 390 herds in all the zones and tested for antibodies against the non-structural proteins (NSPs) of FMD virus (FMDV) using two 3ABC-based Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ELISA kits. All sera samples were also screened for serotype-specific antibodies using Solid Phase Competitive ELISA (SPCE) kits (IZSLER, Italy). We targeted FMDV serotypes A, O, South African Territory [SAT] 1 and SAT 2, known to be endemic in East Africa including Kenya. Data on putative risk factors for FMD seropositivity in cattle were collected using a questionnaire. The overall apparent animal-level FMD seroprevalence based on the parallel comparison of the two anti-NSPs ELISA kits was 83.8 % (95 % CI; 81.8-85.9), and differed significantly across zones. Zone 1 had a higher seroprevalence than zones 2 and 3 (χ2 = 116.1, df = 2, p < 0.001). In decreasing order, the overall seroprevalences of FMDV serotypes A, SAT 2, O and SAT 1 were 26.3 % (95 % CI; 23.5-29.2), 21.4 % (95 % CI; 18.8-24.0), 21.2 % (95 % CI; 18.7-23.9) and 13.1 % (95 % CI; 11.1-15.3), respectively. The distribution of these serotypes differed significantly between zones (p < 0.05) except for SAT 2 serotype (χ2 = 0.90, df = 2, p = 0.639). Both serotypes A and O were more prevalent in zones 1 and 2 than zone 3 while serotype SAT 1, was higher in zone 3 compared to other zones. The results of multivariable analyses identified animal sex (i.e., female), raising of cattle in zones 1 and 2 (areas < 40 km away from the MMNR); mixing of cattle from multiple herds at watering points, and pastoral husbandry practices, as significant predictors of animal-level FMD seropositivity. This study established that FMD seroprevalence declined with distance from the MMNR.
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8
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Lei Y, Shao J, Zhao F, Li Y, Lei C, Ma F, Chang H, Zhang Y. Artificially designed hepatitis B virus core particles composed of multiple epitopes of type A and O foot-and-mouth disease virus as a bivalent vaccine candidate. J Med Virol 2019; 91:2142-2152. [PMID: 31347713 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Recently, many countries, including China, have experienced a series of type A and O foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) epidemics, causing serious economic losses. Although concerns about the safety of inactivated FMD vaccines have been raised, the development of a safe and effective subunit vaccine is necessary. We constructed two chimeric virus-like particles (VLPs; rHBc/AO and rHBc/AOT VLPs) displaying tandem repeats of B cell epitopes (VP1 residue 134-161 and 200-213) derived from type A and O FMDV and one T cell epitope (3 A residue 21-35) using the truncated hepatitis B virus core (HBc) carrier. Our results indicate that the chimeric HBc can self-assemble into VLPs with these FMDV epitopes displayed on the surface. Immunization with the chimeric VLPs induced specific IgG and neutralization antibodies against type A and O FMDV in mice. Compared with the commercial type A/O FMDV bivalent inactivated vaccine, rHBc/AO and rHBc/AOT VLPs significantly stimulated the production of Th1 type cytokines (IFN-γ and IL-2), whereas Th2 cytokine production (IL-4 and IL-10) was decreased. Compared with rHBc/AO, rHBc/AOT induced increased Th2 cytokine and specific IgG production. These results demonstrate that the VLPs constructed in the current study induced both humoral and cellular immune responses and may represent potential bivalent VLP vaccines targeting both FMDV type A and O strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinar y Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junjun Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinar y Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Furong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinar y Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yangfan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinar y Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chenglin Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinar y Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Feifei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinar y Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Huiyun Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinar y Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yongguang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinar y Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
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9
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Brown VR, Bevins SN. Potential role of wildlife in the USA in the event of a foot-and-mouth disease virus incursion. Vet Rec 2019; 184:741. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.104895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vienna R Brown
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), National Wildlife Research Center; Oak Ridge Tennessee USA
| | - Sarah N Bevins
- Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center (NWRC); Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA); Fort Collins Washington District of Columbia USA
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10
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Wang H, Hou P, Zhao G, Yu L, Gao YW, He H. Development and evaluation of serotype-specific recombinase polymerase amplification combined with lateral flow dipstick assays for the diagnosis of foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype A, O and Asia1. BMC Vet Res 2018; 14:359. [PMID: 30458768 PMCID: PMC6245561 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1644-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) caused by foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is one of the most highly infectious diseases in livestock, and leads to huge economic losses. Early diagnosis and rapid differentiation of FMDV serotype is therefore integral to the prevention and control of FMD. In this study, a series of serotype-specific reverse transcription recombinase polymerase amplification assays combined with lateral flow dipstick (RPA-LFD) were establish to differentiate FMDV serotypes A, O or Asia 1, respectively. Results The serotype-specific primers and probes of RPA-LFD were designed to target conserved regions of the FMDV VP1 gene sequence, and three primer and probe sets of serotype-specific RPA-LFD were selected for amplification of FMDV serotypes A, O or Asia 1, respectively. Following incubation at 38 °C for 20 min, the RPA amplification products could be visualized by LFD. Analytical sensitivity of the RPA assay was then determined with ten-fold serial dilutions of RNA of VP1 gene and the recombinant vector respectively containing VP1 gene from FMDV serotypes A, O or Asia1, the detection limits of these assays were 3 copies of plasmid DNA or 50 copies of viral RNA per reaction. Moreover, the specificity of the assay was assessed, and there was no cross reactions with other viruses leading to bovine vesicular lesions. Furthermore, 126 clinical samples were respectively detected with RPA-LFD and real-time PCR (rPCR), there was 98.41% concordance between the two assays, and two samples were positive by RPA-LFD but negative in rPCR, these were confirmed as FMDV-positive through viral isolation in BHK-21 cells. It showed that RPA-LFD assay was more sensitive than the rPCR method in this study. Conclusion The development of serotype-specific RPA-LFD assay provides a rapid, sensitive, and specific method for differentiation of FMDV serotype A, O or Asia1, respectively. It is possible that the serotype-specific RPA-LFD assay may be used as a integral protocol for field detection of FMDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Wang
- Ruminant Diseases Research Center, Key Laboratory of Animal Resistant Biology of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Peili Hou
- Ruminant Diseases Research Center, Key Laboratory of Animal Resistant Biology of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Guimin Zhao
- Ruminant Diseases Research Center, Key Laboratory of Animal Resistant Biology of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Li Yu
- Division of Livestock Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Yu-Wei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Research Institute of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China.
| | - Hongbin He
- Ruminant Diseases Research Center, Key Laboratory of Animal Resistant Biology of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China.
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11
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Generation and characterisation of recombinant FMDV antibodies: Applications for advancing diagnostic and laboratory assays. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201853. [PMID: 30114227 PMCID: PMC6095514 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) affects economically important livestock and is one of the most contagious viral diseases. The most commonly used FMD diagnostic assay is a sandwich ELISA. However, the main disadvantage of this ELISA is that it requires anti-FMD virus (FMDV) serotype-specific antibodies raised in small animals. This problem can be, in part, overcome by using anti-FMDV monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) as detecting reagents. However, the long-term use of MAbs may be problematic and they may need to be replaced. Here we have constructed chimeric antibodies (mouse/rabbit D9) and Fabs (fragment antigen-binding) (mouse/cattle D9) using the Fv (fragment variable) regions of a mouse MAb, D9 (MAb D9), which recognises type O FMDV. The mouse/rabbit D9 chimeric antibody retained the FMDV serotype-specificity of MAb D9 and performed well in a FMDV detection ELISA as well as in routine laboratory assays. Cryo-electron microscopy analysis confirmed engagement with antigenic site 1 and peptide competition studies identified the aspartic acid at residue VP1 147 as a novel component of the D9 epitope. This chimeric expression approach is a simple but effective way to preserve valuable FMDV antibodies, and has the potential for unlimited generation of antibodies and antibody fragments in recombinant systems with the concomitant positive impacts on the 3Rs (Replacement, Reduction and Refinement) principles.
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12
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Wang HM, Zhao GM, Hou PL, Yu L, He CQ, He HB. Rapid detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus using reverse transcription recombinase polymerase amplification combined with a lateral flow dipstick. J Virol Methods 2018; 261:46-50. [PMID: 30059693 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2018.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease caused by foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is one of the most highly contagious diseases of domestic animals, and leads to enormous economic loss. Currently there are two main prevention and control strategies for the disease: eradication of the infected animals in FMDV free countries, and vaccination of the susceptible animals in countries with endemic FMDV infection. Early discovery and diagnosis of the source of infection is therefore integral to the containment of FMDV. In this study, a two-step reverse transcription recombinase polymerase amplification assay combined with lateral flow detection (RPA-LFD) was developed to detect FMDV. With incubation at 38 °C, a region of the 2B gene on the FMDV genome was successfully amplified within 20 min using specific primers and a probe. The amplified RPA product can be visualized on a lateral flow dipstick. The RPA-LFD assay was highly sensitive, detecting down to 10 copies of plasmid DNA. There was no cross-reactivity with other pathogens causing vesicular lesions. In addition, 143 clinical samples were used to compare RPA-LFD with real-time PCR, with 98.6% concordance between the assays. Therefore, the developed RPA-LFD assay provides a rapid, simple, highly promising approach to be used as point-of-care diagnostics in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Mei Wang
- Ruminant Diseases Research Center, Key Laboratory of Animal Resistant Biology of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Gui-Min Zhao
- Ruminant Diseases Research Center, Key Laboratory of Animal Resistant Biology of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Pei-Li Hou
- Ruminant Diseases Research Center, Key Laboratory of Animal Resistant Biology of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Li Yu
- Division of Livestock Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Cheng-Qiang He
- Ruminant Diseases Research Center, Key Laboratory of Animal Resistant Biology of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Hong-Bin He
- Ruminant Diseases Research Center, Key Laboratory of Animal Resistant Biology of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
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13
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Rios L, Perera CL, Coronado L, Relova D, Álvarez AM, Ganges L, Díaz de Arce H, Núñez JI, Pérez LJ. Multi-Target Strategy for Pan/Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV) Detection: A Combination of Sequences Analysis, in Silico Predictions and Laboratory Diagnostic Evaluation. Front Vet Sci 2018; 5:160. [PMID: 30050913 PMCID: PMC6052897 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease affecting cloven-hoofed animals that causes severe economic losses. The disease is characterized by a vesicular condition and it cannot be differentiated from other vesicular diseases. Therefore, laboratory confirmation of any suspected FMD case is compulsory. Despite viral isolation in cell cultures has been considered for many years as the gold standard for FMD diagnosis, the advantages of real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) technology have motivated its use directly in clinical specimens for FMD diagnosis. The current work was aimed to develop and validate a molecular multi-check strategy using rRT-PCR (mMulti-rRT-PCR) based on SYBR-Green I for pan/foot-and-mouth disease virus (pan/FMDV) diagnosis. From in silico approaches, different primer pairs previously reported were selected and modified to reduce the likelihood of viral escape as well as potential failures in the pan/FMDV detection. The analytical parameters were evaluated using a high number of representative viral strains. The repeatability of the assay and its performance on field samples were also assessed. The mMulti-rRT-PCR was able to detect emergent FMDV strains that circulated in South America between the years 2006–2010 and on which the single rRT-PCRs failed when they were applied independently. The results obtained here showed that the proposed system is an accurate and rapid diagnosis method for sensitive and specific detection of FMDV. Thus, a validated mMulti-rRT-PCR assay based on SYBR-Green I detection coupled to melting curves resolution for pan/FMDV diagnosis on clinical samples is proposed. This study also highlights the need to incorporate the multi-target detection principle in the diagnosis of highly variable agents, specially, of those listed by OIE like FMDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliam Rios
- Reiman Cancer Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, NB, Canada
| | - Carmen L Perera
- Centro Nacional de Sanidad Agropecuaria, OIE Collaborating Centre for Diagnosis and Risk Analysis of the Caribean Region, San José de las Lajas, Cuba
| | - Liani Coronado
- Centro Nacional de Sanidad Agropecuaria, OIE Collaborating Centre for Diagnosis and Risk Analysis of the Caribean Region, San José de las Lajas, Cuba
| | - Damarys Relova
- Centro Nacional de Sanidad Agropecuaria, OIE Collaborating Centre for Diagnosis and Risk Analysis of the Caribean Region, San José de las Lajas, Cuba
| | - Ana M Álvarez
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agricolas, Maracay, Venezuela
| | - Llilianne Ganges
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, IRTA-CReSA, Barcelona, Spain.,IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - José I Núñez
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lester J Pérez
- Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, Dalhousie University, Saint John, NB, Canada
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14
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Goller KV, Dill V, Madi M, Martin P, Van der Stede Y, Vandenberge V, Haas B, Van Borm S, Koenen F, Kasanga CJ, Ndusilo N, Beer M, Liu L, Mioulet V, Armson B, King DP, Fowler VL. Rapid and simple detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus: Evaluation of a cartridge-based molecular detection system for use in basic laboratories. Transbound Emerg Dis 2018; 65:578-584. [PMID: 29124905 PMCID: PMC5873272 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Highly contagious transboundary animal diseases such as foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) are major threats to the productivity of farm animals. To limit the impact of outbreaks and to take efficient steps towards a timely control and eradication of the disease, rapid and reliable diagnostic systems are of utmost importance. Confirmatory diagnostic assays are typically performed by experienced operators in specialized laboratories, and access to this capability is often limited in the developing countries with the highest disease burden. Advances in molecular technologies allow implementation of modern and reliable techniques for quick and simple pathogen detection either in basic laboratories or even at the pen-side. Here, we report on a study to evaluate a fully automated cartridge-based real-time RT-PCR diagnostic system (Enigma MiniLab® ) for the detection of FMD virus (FMDV). The modular system integrates both nucleic acid extraction and downstream real-time RT-PCR (rRT-PCR). The analytical sensitivity of this assay was determined using serially diluted culture grown FMDV, and the performance of the assay was evaluated using a selected range of FMDV positive and negative clinical samples of bovine, porcine and ovine origin. The robustness of the assay was evaluated in an international inter-laboratory proficiency test and by deployment into an African laboratory. It was demonstrated that the system is easy to use and can detect FMDV with high sensitivity and specificity, roughly on par with standard laboratory methods. This cartridge-based automated real-time RT-PCR system for the detection of FMDV represents a reliable and easy to use diagnostic tool for the early and rapid disease detection of acutely infected animals even in remote areas. This type of system could be easily deployed for routine surveillance within endemic regions such as Africa or could alternatively be used in the developed world.
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Affiliation(s)
- K V Goller
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany
| | - V Dill
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany
| | - M Madi
- Vesicular Disease Reference Laboratory, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Surrey, UK
| | - P Martin
- Enigma Diagnostics Limited, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK
| | - Y Van der Stede
- Unit of Coordination of Veterinary Diagnosis, Epidemiology and Risk Analysis, Operational Directorate of Interactions and Surveillance, Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre, Brussels, Belgium
| | - V Vandenberge
- Unit of Coordination of Veterinary Diagnosis, Epidemiology and Risk Analysis, Operational Directorate of Interactions and Surveillance, Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre, Brussels, Belgium
| | - B Haas
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany
| | - S Van Borm
- Unit of Coordination of Veterinary Diagnosis, Epidemiology and Risk Analysis, Operational Directorate of Interactions and Surveillance, Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre, Brussels, Belgium
| | - F Koenen
- Unit of Coordination of Veterinary Diagnosis, Epidemiology and Risk Analysis, Operational Directorate of Interactions and Surveillance, Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre, Brussels, Belgium
| | - C J Kasanga
- Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - N Ndusilo
- Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - M Beer
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany
| | - L Liu
- National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - V Mioulet
- Vesicular Disease Reference Laboratory, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Surrey, UK
| | - B Armson
- Vesicular Disease Reference Laboratory, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Surrey, UK
| | - D P King
- Vesicular Disease Reference Laboratory, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Surrey, UK
| | - V L Fowler
- Vesicular Disease Reference Laboratory, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Surrey, UK
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15
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Chemiluminescence Immunoassay for the Detection of Antibodies against the 2C and 3ABC Nonstructural Proteins Induced by Infecting Pigs with Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2017; 24:CVI.00153-17. [PMID: 28592628 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00153-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The potential diagnostic value of chemiluminescence immunoassays (CLIAs) has been accepted in recent years, although their use for foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) diagnostics has not been reported. Full-length 3ABC and 2C proteins were expressed in bacteria and purified by affinity chromatography to develop a rapid and accurate approach to distinguish pigs infected with foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) from vaccinated pigs. The recombinant proteins were then used as antigens to develop two CLIAs for the detection of antibodies against nonstructural viral proteins. The diagnostic performance of the two assays was compared by analyzing serum from pigs (naive pigs, n = 63; vaccinated, uninfected pigs, n = 532; naive, infected pigs, n = 117) with a known infection status. The 3ABC-2C CLIA had a higher accuracy rate, with a diagnostic sensitivity of 100% and a diagnostic specificity of 96.5%, than the 3ABC CLIA, which had a diagnostic sensitivity of 95.7% and a diagnostic specificity of 96.0%. The results of the 3ABC-2C CLIA also had a high rate of concordance with those of two commercial FMDV enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits used to assess serum collected from 962 pigs in the field (96.2% and 97.8%, respectively). The 3ABC-2C CLIA detected infection in serum samples from infected pigs earlier than the commercial ELISA kits. In addition, the 3ABC-2C CLIA produced results within 15 min. On the basis of these findings, the 3ABC-2C CLIA could serve as the foundation for the development of penside FMD diagnostics and offers an alternative method to detect FMDV infections.
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16
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Dill V, Eschbaumer M, Beer M, Hoffmann B. Inter-laboratory validation of foot-and-mouth disease diagnostic capability in Germany. Vet Microbiol 2017; 203:62-67. [PMID: 28619169 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Germany has been free from foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) without vaccination since 1992, but diagnostic capability at regional laboratories is maintained for FMDV exclusion in suspect cases and as surge capacity for outbreak preparedness. A proficiency test was initiated in 2015 to evaluate the diagnostic performance of 20 regional veterinary laboratories. A panel of two identical samples of FMDV genome for real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), four lyophilized bovine sera for antibody detection and eight samples of inactivated vaccine antigen for analysis with a lateral-flow device (LFD) were tested with the systems routinely used at the participating institutions. With only one exception, all laboratories reliably detected viral RNA with two real-time RT-PCR assays down to a dilution of 10(-4) of the original material. The LFD pen-side test was evaluated at 8 of 20 laboratories, and FMDV antigen was detected by all participants down to a dilution of 1:81. Serological diagnosis was also very consistent at most participating institutions. Very few false-negative results were returned for the diluted positive sera, and testing of a large cohort of negative samples demonstrated a high specificity of over 99% for the two commercial ELISA kits used (PrioCHECK® FMDV NS and ID Screen® FMD NSP). In conclusion, the proficiency test demonstrated the reliable and robust FMDV diagnostic capability of the German regional veterinary diagnostic laboratories. Furthermore, the suitability of the commercially available ELISA systems for the detection of FMDV-specific antibodies was confirmed. Proficiency tests are an important quality assurance measure for transboundary diseases like FMDV where diagnostic capacity in free countries has to be available at the highest possible standard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Dill
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Michael Eschbaumer
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.
| | - Martin Beer
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Bernd Hoffmann
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
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17
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Diaz-San Segundo F, Medina GN, Stenfeldt C, Arzt J, de Los Santos T. Foot-and-mouth disease vaccines. Vet Microbiol 2016; 206:102-112. [PMID: 28040311 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2016.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious disease of cloven-hoofed animals. The disease affects many areas of the world, often causing extensive epizootics in livestock, mostly farmed cattle and swine, although sheep, goats and many wild species are also susceptible. In countries where food and farm animals are essential for subsistence agriculture, outbreaks of FMD seriously impact food security and development. In highly industrialized developed nations, FMD endemics cause economic and social devastation mainly due to observance of health measures adopted from the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE). High morbidity, complex host-range and broad genetic diversity make FMD prevention and control exceptionally challenging. In this article we review multiple vaccine approaches developed over the years ultimately aimed to successfully control and eradicate this feared disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fayna Diaz-San Segundo
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit (FADRU), Plum Island Animal Disease Center (PIADC), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Greenport, New York, USA; Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, CANR, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
| | - Gisselle N Medina
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit (FADRU), Plum Island Animal Disease Center (PIADC), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Greenport, New York, USA; PIADC Research Participation Program, Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Carolina Stenfeldt
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit (FADRU), Plum Island Animal Disease Center (PIADC), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Greenport, New York, USA; PIADC Research Participation Program, Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Jonathan Arzt
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit (FADRU), Plum Island Animal Disease Center (PIADC), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Greenport, New York, USA
| | - Teresa de Los Santos
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit (FADRU), Plum Island Animal Disease Center (PIADC), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Greenport, New York, USA.
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