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Hong SM, Ha EJ, Kim HW, Kim SJ, Ahn SM, An SH, Kim G, Kim S, Kwon HJ, Choi KS. Effects of G and SH Truncation on the Replication, Virulence, and Immunogenicity of Avian Metapneumovirus. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:106. [PMID: 38276678 PMCID: PMC10818707 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12010106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Four mutants varying the length of the G and SH genes, including a G-truncated mutant (ΔG) and three G/SH-truncated mutants (ΔSH/G-1, ΔSH/G-2, and ΔSH/G-3), were generated via serially passaging the avian metapneumovirus strain SNU21004 into the cell lines Vero E6 and DF-1 and into embryonated chicken eggs. The mutant ΔG particles resembled parental virus particles except for the variance in the density of their surface projections. G and G/SH truncation significantly affected the viral replication in chickens' tracheal ring culture and in infected chickens but not in the Vero E6 cells. In experimentally infected chickens, mutant ΔG resulted in the restriction of viral replication and the attenuation of the virulence. The mutants ΔG and ΔSH/G-1 upregulated three interleukins (IL-6, IL-12, and IL-18) and three interferons (IFNα, IFNβ, and IFNγ) in infected chickens. In addition, the expression levels of innate immunity-related genes such as Mda5, Rig-I, and Lgp2, in BALB/c mice were also upregulated when compared to the parental virus. Immunologically, the mutant ΔG induced a strong, delayed humoral immune response, while the mutant ΔSH/G-1 induced no humoral immune response. Our findings indicate the potential of the mutant ΔG but not the mutant ΔSH/G-1 as a live attenuated vaccine candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Min Hong
- Laboratory of Avian Diseases, Department of Farm Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 PLUS for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 088026, Republic of Korea; (S.-M.H.); (E.-J.H.); (H.-W.K.); (S.-J.K.); (S.-M.A.)
- Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea;
| | - Eun-Jin Ha
- Laboratory of Avian Diseases, Department of Farm Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 PLUS for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 088026, Republic of Korea; (S.-M.H.); (E.-J.H.); (H.-W.K.); (S.-J.K.); (S.-M.A.)
- Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea;
| | - Ho-Won Kim
- Laboratory of Avian Diseases, Department of Farm Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 PLUS for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 088026, Republic of Korea; (S.-M.H.); (E.-J.H.); (H.-W.K.); (S.-J.K.); (S.-M.A.)
- Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea;
| | - Seung-Ji Kim
- Laboratory of Avian Diseases, Department of Farm Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 PLUS for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 088026, Republic of Korea; (S.-M.H.); (E.-J.H.); (H.-W.K.); (S.-J.K.); (S.-M.A.)
- Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sun-Min Ahn
- Laboratory of Avian Diseases, Department of Farm Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 PLUS for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 088026, Republic of Korea; (S.-M.H.); (E.-J.H.); (H.-W.K.); (S.-J.K.); (S.-M.A.)
- Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea;
| | - Se-Hee An
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea;
| | - Gun Kim
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Research Institute of Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 088026, Republic of Korea;
| | - Suji Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hyuk-Joon Kwon
- Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea;
- Laboratory of Poultry Medicine, Department of Farm Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 PLUS for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 088026, Republic of Korea
- Institutes of Green-bio Science Technology (GBST), Farm Animal Clinical Training and Research Center (FACTRC), Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Republic of Korea
- GeNiner Inc., Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang-Seuk Choi
- Laboratory of Avian Diseases, Department of Farm Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 PLUS for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 088026, Republic of Korea; (S.-M.H.); (E.-J.H.); (H.-W.K.); (S.-J.K.); (S.-M.A.)
- Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea;
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Salles GBC, Pilati GVT, Muniz EC, de Lima Neto AJ, Vogt JR, Dahmer M, Savi BP, Padilha DA, Fongaro G. Trends and Challenges in the Surveillance and Control of Avian Metapneumovirus. Viruses 2023; 15:1960. [PMID: 37766366 PMCID: PMC10535940 DOI: 10.3390/v15091960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the respiratory pathogens of birds, the Avian Metapneumovirus (aMPV) is one of the most relevant, as it is responsible for causing infections of the upper respiratory tract and may induce respiratory syndromes. aMPV is capable of affecting the reproductive system of birds, directly impacting shell quality and decreasing egg production. Consequently, this infection can cause disorders related to animal welfare and zootechnical losses. The first cases of respiratory syndromes caused by aMPV were described in the 1970s, and today six subtypes (A, B, C, D, and two more new subtypes) have been identified and are widespread in all chicken and turkey-producing countries in the world, causing enormous economic losses for the poultry industry. Conventionally, immunological techniques are used to demonstrate aMPV infection in poultry, however, the identification of aMPV through molecular techniques helped in establishing the traceability of the virus. This review compiles data on the main aMPV subtypes present in different countries; aMPV and bacteria co-infection; vaccination against aMPV and viral selective pressure, highlighting the strategies used to prevent and control respiratory disease; and addresses tools for viral diagnosis and virus genome studies aiming at improving and streamlining pathogen detection and corroborating the development of new vaccines that can effectively protect herds, preventing viral escapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gleidson Biasi Carvalho Salles
- Laboratory of Applied Virology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil; (G.B.C.S.); (G.V.T.P.); (M.D.); (B.P.S.); (D.A.P.)
- Zoetis Industry of Veterinary Products LTDA, São Paulo 04709-111, Brazil; (E.C.M.); (J.R.V.)
| | - Giulia Von Tönnemann Pilati
- Laboratory of Applied Virology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil; (G.B.C.S.); (G.V.T.P.); (M.D.); (B.P.S.); (D.A.P.)
| | - Eduardo Correa Muniz
- Zoetis Industry of Veterinary Products LTDA, São Paulo 04709-111, Brazil; (E.C.M.); (J.R.V.)
| | | | - Josias Rodrigo Vogt
- Zoetis Industry of Veterinary Products LTDA, São Paulo 04709-111, Brazil; (E.C.M.); (J.R.V.)
| | - Mariane Dahmer
- Laboratory of Applied Virology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil; (G.B.C.S.); (G.V.T.P.); (M.D.); (B.P.S.); (D.A.P.)
| | - Beatriz Pereira Savi
- Laboratory of Applied Virology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil; (G.B.C.S.); (G.V.T.P.); (M.D.); (B.P.S.); (D.A.P.)
| | - Dayane Azevedo Padilha
- Laboratory of Applied Virology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil; (G.B.C.S.); (G.V.T.P.); (M.D.); (B.P.S.); (D.A.P.)
| | - Gislaine Fongaro
- Laboratory of Applied Virology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil; (G.B.C.S.); (G.V.T.P.); (M.D.); (B.P.S.); (D.A.P.)
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A. Abd El-Ghany W. Avian Metapneumovirus Infection in Poultry Flocks: A Review of Current Knowledge. PERTANIKA JOURNAL OF TROPICAL AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE 2023; 46:971-1002. [DOI: 10.47836/pjtas.46.3.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) is one of the respiratory viruses that cause global economic losses in poultry production systems. Therefore, it was important to design a comprehensive review article that gives more information about aMPV infection regarding the distribution, susceptibility, transmission, pathogenesis, pathology, diagnosis, and prevention. The aMPV infection is characterized by respiratory and reproductive disorders in turkeys and chickens. The disease condition is turkey rhinotracheitis in turkeys and swollen head syndrome in chickens. Infection with aMPV is associated with worldwide economic losses, especially in complications with other infections or poor environmental conditions. The genus Metapneumovirus is a single-stranded enveloped RNA virus and contains A, B, C, and D subtypes. Meat and egg-type birds are susceptible to aMPV infection. The virus can transmit through aerosol, direct contact, mechanical, and vertical routes. The disease condition is characterized by respiratory manifestations, a decrease in egg production, growth retardation, increasing morbidity rate, and sometimes nervous signs and a high mortality rate, particularly in concurrent infections. Definitive diagnosis of aMPV is based mainly on isolation and identification methods, detection of the viral DNA, as well as seroconversion. Prevention of aMPV infection depends on adopting biosecurity measures and vaccination using inactivated, live attenuated, and recombinant or DNA vaccines.
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Al-Mubarak AIA, Hussen J, Kandeel M, Al-Kubati AAG, Falemban B, Hemida MG. Evidence of the circulation of avian metapneumovirus in domestic backyard chickens in Eastern Saudi Arabia in 2019. Vet World 2023; 16:1246-1251. [PMID: 37577191 PMCID: PMC10421553 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.1246-1251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) is a recently discovered respiratory virus in chickens. Avian metapneumovirus has been linked to respiratory syndromes, reproductive failure in affected chickens and turkeys, swollen head syndrome in chickens, and rhinotracheitis in turkeys. Wild birds are considered potential reservoirs of aMPV, particularly aMPV-C. However, little is known about the prevalence of aMPV in Saudi Arabia. Considering the relevance of backyard chickens in the transmission and sustainability of certain avian viral diseases, this study aimed to assess aMPV exposure in backyard chickens and wild birds circulating near selected locations. Materials and Methods We collected 368 serum samples from unvaccinated backyard chickens in ten locations in Eastern Saudi Arabia. Furthermore, we collected 78 serum samples from species of free-ranging birds belonging to the Columbidae family, such as pigeons and doves, captured from the same areas. Using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits, we tested the sera of domestic backyard chickens and wild birds for antibodies against aMPV. Results Our results showed that 74/368 birds were positive for aMPV-related antibodies. Conversely, none of the tested wild birds seroconverted to aMPV. Conclusion The antibody titers detected in the backyard chickens suggested recent exposure to aMPV. Considering these results, further large-scale serological and molecular studies are needed to evaluate the prevalence of aMPV in these birds and characterize the circulating strains of aMPV in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jamal Hussen
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud Kandeel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Hofuf, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Anwar A. G. Al-Kubati
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Thamar University, Thamar, Yemen
| | - Baraa Falemban
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maged Gomaa Hemida
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Long Island University, USA
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Lemaitre E, Bougeard S, Allée C, Eterradossi N, Courtillon C, Brown PA. Avian metapneumovirus: A five-plex digital droplet RT-PCR method for identification of subgroups A, B, C, and D. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1058294. [PMID: 36458056 PMCID: PMC9705331 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1058294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
End-point and real-time avian metapneumovirus (AMPV) RT-PCRs have been developed to detect one or two of the four recognized subgroups (A,B,C, and D) simultaneously or for broad range AMPV detection. Current subgroup specific tests target variable areas of the genome which makes these PCRs sensitive to specificity defects as recently documented. In the current study, a single five-plex digital droplet RT-PCR targeting the conserved viral polymerase gene of AMPV, which is less prone to genetic drift, has been designed. This digital droplet RT-PCR was capable of identifying each of the four AMPV subgroups. Each subgroup was identified according to a specifically assigned fluorescent amplitude. Specificity, which was tested including 31 AMPV strains, non-AMPV avian viruses and closely related human respiratory viruses, was 100%. The specific limit of detection for extracted viral RNA was estimated between 1 and 3 copies/μl. This tool simplifies the number of tests required for AMPV genotype diagnostics and should be theoretically less effected by viral genome evolution due to its target region. Ultimately, application of this test will contribute to an improved understanding of the global geographic distribution and subgroup host range of field strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyne Lemaitre
- Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (Anses), VIPAC Unit, WOAH Reference Laboratory for Avian Metapneumovirus Infections, Ploufragan, France
| | - Stéphanie Bougeard
- Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (Anses), EPISABE Unit, Ploufragan, France
| | - Chantal Allée
- Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (Anses), VIPAC Unit, WOAH Reference Laboratory for Avian Metapneumovirus Infections, Ploufragan, France
| | - Nicolas Eterradossi
- Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (Anses), VIPAC Unit, WOAH Reference Laboratory for Avian Metapneumovirus Infections, Ploufragan, France
| | - Céline Courtillon
- Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (Anses), VIPAC Unit, WOAH Reference Laboratory for Avian Metapneumovirus Infections, Ploufragan, France
| | - Paul Alun Brown
- Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (Anses), VIPAC Unit, WOAH Reference Laboratory for Avian Metapneumovirus Infections, Ploufragan, France
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Jesse ST, Ribó-Molina P, Jo WK, Rautenschlein S, Vuong O, Fouchier RAM, Ludlow M, Osterhaus ADME. Molecular characterization of avian metapneumovirus subtype C detected in wild mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) in The Netherlands. Transbound Emerg Dis 2022; 69:3360-3370. [PMID: 36029486 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Avian metapneumovirus (AMPV) represents a long-term threat to the poultry industry due to its etiological role in the induction of acute respiratory disease and/or egg drop syndrome in domestic turkeys, chickens, and ducks. Although this disease is commonly referred to as turkey rhinotracheitis, the host range of AMPV encompasses many avian species. We have screened 1323 oropharyngeal- and cloacal swab samples obtained from wild mallards in the Netherlands from 2017 to 2019 by RT-PCR using a degenerate primer pair to detect all members of the Paramyxoviridae and Pneumoviridae or an avian metapneumovirus subtype C (AMPV-C)-specific RT-qPCR assay. We identified a total of seven cases of AMPV-C infections in wild, healthy mallards (Anas platyrhynchos), of which two AMPV-C positive samples were further processed using next-generation sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis of the two complete genomes showed that the newly identified AMPV-C strains share closest sequence identity (97%) with Eurasian lineage AMPV-C strains identified in Muscovy ducks in China that presented with severe respiratory disease and egg production loss in 2011. Further analysis of G protein amino acid sequences showed a high degree of variability between the newly identified AMPV-C variants. PONDR scoring of the G protein has revealed the ectodomain of AMPV-C to be partitioned into a long intrinsically disordered and short ordered region, giving insights into AMPV G protein structural biology. In summary, we provide the first report of full-length AMPV-C genome sequences derived from wild birds in Europe. This emphasizes the need for further surveillance efforts to better characterize the host range, epidemiologic distribution, and pathogenicity of AMPV-C to determine the risk posed by cross-species jumps from wildfowl to domesticated avian species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja T Jesse
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Pau Ribó-Molina
- Department Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wendy K Jo
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Silke Rautenschlein
- Clinic for Poultry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Oanh Vuong
- Department Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ron A M Fouchier
- Clinic for Poultry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Martin Ludlow
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Albert D M E Osterhaus
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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Graziosi G, Lupini C, Catelli E. Disentangling the role of wild birds in avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) epidemiology: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Transbound Emerg Dis 2022; 69:3285-3299. [PMID: 35960706 PMCID: PMC10086952 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Given the avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) disease burden in poultry worldwide and the evidence of a possible role played by wild birds in the virus epidemiology, the present study summarizes aMPV serological and molecular data on free-ranging avifauna available in the literature by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis. A computerized literature research was performed on PubMed, Scopus, CAB Direct and Web of Science to identify relevant publications across the period 1990-2021, along with the screening of reference lists. A random-effect model was applied to calculate pooled prevalence estimates with 95% confidence intervals. The inconsistency index statistic (I2 ) was applied to assess between-study heterogeneity. Subgroup analyses for molecular studies only were performed according to geographical area of samplings, taxonomic order, genus and migration patterns of the birds surveyed. A total of 11 publications on molecular surveys and 6 on serological ones were retained for analysis. The pooled molecular prevalence was 6% (95% CI: 1-13%) and a high between-study heterogeneity was detected (I2 = 96%, p < .01). Moderator analyses showed statistically significant differences according to geographical area studied, taxonomic order and genus. Concerning serological prevalence, a pooled estimate of 14% (95% CI: 1-39%), along with a high between-study heterogeneity, was obtained (I2 = 98%, p < .01). Moderator analysis was not performed due to the scarcity of eligible serological studies included. Overall, molecular and serological evidence suggests that some wild bird taxa could play a role in aMPV epidemiology. Particularly, wild ducks, geese, gulls and pheasants, according to scientific contributions hereby considered, proved to be susceptible to aMPV, and due to host ecology, may act as a viral carrier or reservoir. Further surveys of wild birds are encouraged for a better comprehension of the poultry/wild bird interface in aMPV epidemiology and for better characterizing the virus host breadth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Graziosi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna, BO, Italy
| | - Caterina Lupini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna, BO, Italy
| | - Elena Catelli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna, BO, Italy
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Kariithi HM, Christy N, Decanini EL, Lemiere S, Volkening JD, Afonso CL, Suarez DL. Detection and Genome Sequence Analysis of Avian Metapneumovirus Subtype A Viruses Circulating in Commercial Chicken Flocks in Mexico. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9100579. [PMID: 36288192 PMCID: PMC9612082 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9100579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian metapneumoviruses (aMPV subtypes A-D) are respiratory and reproductive pathogens of poultry. Since aMPV-A was initially reported in Mexico in 2014, there have been no additional reports of its detection in the country. Using nontargeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) of FTA card-spotted respiratory samples from commercial chickens in Mexico, seven full genome sequences of aMPV-A (lengths of 13,288-13,381 nucleotides) were de novo assembled. Additionally, complete coding sequences of genes N (n = 2), P and M (n = 7 each), F and L (n = 1 each), M2 (n = 6), SH (n = 5) and G (n = 2) were reference-based assembled from another seven samples. The Mexican isolates phylogenetically group with, but in a distinct clade separate from, other aMPV-A strains. The genome and G-gene nt sequences of the Mexican aMPVs are closest to strain UK/8544/06 (97.22-97.47% and 95.07-95.83%, respectively). Various amino acid variations distinguish the Mexican isolates from each other, and other aMPV-A strains, most of which are in the G (n = 38), F (n = 12), and L (n = 19) proteins. Using our sequence data and publicly available aMPV-A data, we revised a previously published rRT-PCR test, which resulted in different cycling and amplification conditions for aMPV-A to make it more compatible with other commonly used rRT-PCR diagnostic cycling conditions. This is the first comprehensive sequence analysis of aMPVs in Mexico and demonstrates the value of nontargeted NGS to identify pathogens where targeted virus surveillance is likely not routinely performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry M. Kariithi
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, USDA-ARS, Athens, GA 30605, USA
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Kaptagat Rd, Nairobi P.O. Box 57811-00200, Kenya
- Correspondence: (H.M.K.); (D.L.S.); Tel.: +1-(706)-546-3479 (D.L.S.)
| | - Nancy Christy
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health, Guadalajara 44940, Mexico
| | - Eduardo L. Decanini
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health IMETA, Dubai P.O. Box 507066, United Arab Emirates
| | | | | | | | - David L. Suarez
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, USDA-ARS, Athens, GA 30605, USA
- Correspondence: (H.M.K.); (D.L.S.); Tel.: +1-(706)-546-3479 (D.L.S.)
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Tucciarone CM, Franzo G, Legnardi M, Pasotto D, Lupini C, Catelli E, Quaglia G, Graziosi G, Dal Molin E, Gobbo F, Cecchinato M. Molecular Survey on A, B, C and New Avian Metapneumovirus (aMPV) Subtypes in Wild Birds of Northern-Central Italy. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9070373. [PMID: 35878390 PMCID: PMC9319881 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9070373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) is a common pathogen in poultry and has been detected in wild birds, suggesting the possible role in viral dissemination. A feature of aMPV is its genetic and antigenic variability, which has allowed the identification of various subtypes of the virus with different characteristics in terms of host tropism. Two new subtypes of aMPV were recently identified in gulls and parakeets. We aimed to explore the epidemiology of old and new aMPV subtypes in wild birds. Samples were collected in Italy during the surveillance of avian influenza in wild species and were tested with two multiplex real time RT-PCRs that were able to detect and distinguish the aMPV subtypes (A, B, C, gull, and parakeet subtypes). All of the individuals were negative, except for one mallard that was positive for aMPV subtype C. The M and G genes of this strain were molecularly characterized and revealed similarities with Chinese and European strains, including an Italian sequence that was previously detected in a widgeon. These findings confirm the susceptibility of mallards, which are closely related to domestic species, highlighting the importance of the epidemiological monitoring of aMPV circulation. Abstract Recent insights into the genetic and antigenic variability of avian metapneumovirus (aMPV), including the discovery of two new subtypes, have renewed interest in this virus. aMPV causes a well-known respiratory disease in poultry. Domestic species show different susceptibility to aMPV subtypes, whereas sporadic detections in wild birds have revealed links between epidemiology and migration routes. To explore the epidemiology of aMPV in wild species, a molecular survey was conducted on samples that were collected from wild birds during avian influenza surveillance activity in Italy. The samples were screened in pools by multiplex real time RT-PCR assays in order to detect and differentiate subtypes A, B, C, and those that have been newly identified. All the birds were negative, except for a mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) that was positive for aMPV subtype C (sampled in Padua, in the Veneto region, in 2018). The sequencing of partial M and full G genes placed the strain in an intermediate position between European and Chinese clusters. The absence of subtypes A and B supports the negligible role of wild birds, whereas subtype C detection follows previous serological and molecular identifications in Italy. Subtype C circulation in domestic and wild populations emphasizes the importance of molecular test development and adoption to allow the prompt detection of this likely emerging subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Maria Tucciarone
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), University of Padua, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (C.M.T.); (G.F.); (D.P.); (M.C.)
| | - Giovanni Franzo
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), University of Padua, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (C.M.T.); (G.F.); (D.P.); (M.C.)
| | - Matteo Legnardi
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), University of Padua, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (C.M.T.); (G.F.); (D.P.); (M.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Daniela Pasotto
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), University of Padua, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (C.M.T.); (G.F.); (D.P.); (M.C.)
| | - Caterina Lupini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 43, 40064 Ozzano dell’Emilia, Italy; (C.L.); (E.C.); (G.Q.); (G.G.)
| | - Elena Catelli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 43, 40064 Ozzano dell’Emilia, Italy; (C.L.); (E.C.); (G.Q.); (G.G.)
| | - Giulia Quaglia
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 43, 40064 Ozzano dell’Emilia, Italy; (C.L.); (E.C.); (G.Q.); (G.G.)
| | - Giulia Graziosi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 43, 40064 Ozzano dell’Emilia, Italy; (C.L.); (E.C.); (G.Q.); (G.G.)
| | - Emanuela Dal Molin
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell’Università 10, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (E.D.M.); (F.G.)
| | - Federica Gobbo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell’Università 10, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (E.D.M.); (F.G.)
| | - Mattia Cecchinato
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), University of Padua, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (C.M.T.); (G.F.); (D.P.); (M.C.)
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science (BCA), University of Padua 16, Viale dell’Università, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
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10
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Wang S, Jiang N, Jiang L, Zhuang Q, Chen Q, Hou G, Xiao Z, Zhao R, Li Y, Zhao C, Zhang F, Yu J, Li J, Liu H, Sun F, Wang K. Establishment and application of a quadruple real-time RT-PCR for detecting avian metapneumovirus. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270708. [PMID: 35763505 PMCID: PMC9239461 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to develop an appropriate method for high-throughput detection of avian metapneumovirus, a quadruple real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction assay was established with four pairs of specific primers and four specific probes based on the G or M gene of aMPV-A, aMPV-B, aMPV-C and aMPV-D. Its specificity and sensitivity were evaluated, and clinical samples were tested by the method. The results showed that all the four subgroups of avian metapneumovirus can be detected in the quadruple real-time RT-PCR assay simultaneously, with a detection limit of 100-1000 cRNA copies/reaction. The other common poultry viruses were negative. In the avian clinical sample detection, 39 out of 1920 clinical samples collected from 8 provinces were positive. Compared with published RT-PCR assays, the κ value of the quadruple real-time RT-PCR assay in 1920 avian clinical samples was 1.000 (P < 0.001). The established method could be used for the rapid detection of the four subgroups of avian metapneumovirus with high specificity and high sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchun Wang
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Lijian Jiang
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Qingye Zhuang
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Shandong Vocational Animal Science and Veterinary College, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Qiong Chen
- Xiamen Agriculture Product Quality and Safety Test Centre, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Guangyu Hou
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Zhiyu Xiao
- Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Ran Zhao
- Xiamen Agriculture Product Quality and Safety Test Centre, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yang Li
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Chenglong Zhao
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Fuyou Zhang
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jianmin Yu
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jinping Li
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Hualei Liu
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Fuliang Sun
- Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Kaicheng Wang
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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11
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Zoonotic Origins of Human Metapneumovirus: A Journey from Birds to Humans. Viruses 2022; 14:v14040677. [PMID: 35458407 PMCID: PMC9028271 DOI: 10.3390/v14040677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Metapneumoviruses, members of the family Pneumoviridae, have been identified in birds (avian metapneumoviruses; AMPV’s) and humans (human metapneumoviruses; HMPV’s). AMPV and HMPV are closely related viruses with a similar genomic organization and cause respiratory tract illnesses in birds and humans, respectively. AMPV can be classified into four subgroups, A–D, and is the etiological agent of turkey rhinotracheitis and swollen head syndrome in chickens. Epidemiological studies have indicated that AMPV also circulates in wild bird species which may act as reservoir hosts for novel subtypes. HMPV was first discovered in 2001, but retrospective studies have shown that HMPV has been circulating in humans for at least 50 years. AMPV subgroup C is more closely related to HMPV than to any other AMPV subgroup, suggesting that HMPV has evolved from AMPV-C following zoonotic transfer. In this review, we present a historical perspective on the discovery of metapneumoviruses and discuss the host tropism, pathogenicity, and molecular characteristics of the different AMPV and HMPV subgroups to provide increased focus on the necessity to better understand the evolutionary pathways through which HMPV emerged as a seasonal endemic human respiratory virus.
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12
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Graziosi G, Mescolini G, Silveira F, Lupini C, Tucciarone CM, Franzo G, Cecchinato M, Legnardi M, Gobbo F, Terregino C, Catelli E. First detection of Avian metapneumovirus subtype C Eurasian Lineage in a Eurasian wigeon ( Mareca penelope) wintering in Northeastern Italy: an additional hint on the role of migrating birds in the viral epidemiology. Avian Pathol 2022; 51:283-290. [PMID: 35261311 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2022.2051429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) economically affects the global poultry industry causing respiratory and reproductive disorders. Considering the paucity of data on the aMPV occurrence in European free-ranging avifauna, a molecular survey was conducted on wild birds of 23 species belonging to the orders Anseriformes, Charadriiformes or Passeriformes, captured alive and sampled in Northeast Italy as part of the national Avian influenza virus (AIV) surveillance activities. A total of 492 oropharyngeal swabs, collected from 2007 to 2010, all AIV negative, were screened from aMPV by subtype-specific qRT-PCR. An aMPV-C strain, named aMPV/C/IT/Wigeon/758/07, was found in a wintering young Eurasian wigeon (Mareca penelope) sampled in November 2007. The matrix, fusion, and attachment glycoprotein genes of the detected strain were subsequently amplified by specific independent RT-PCRs, then sequenced, and compared in a phylogenetic framework with known aMPV homologous sequences retrieved from GenBank. Close genetic relationships were found between the aMPV/C/IT/Wigeon/758/07 strain and subtype C Eurasian lineage strains isolated in the late 1990s in French domestic ducks, suggesting epidemiological links. Eurasian wigeons are indeed medium to long-range migrant dabbling ducks that move along the Black Sea/Mediterranean flyway, our finding might therefore be related to migratory bridges between countries. To our knowledge, this is the first molecular evidence of the occurrence of a subtype C in Italy and backdates the aMPV-C circulation to 2007. Moreover, results suggest the susceptibility of Eurasian wigeons to aMPV. Broader investigations are needed to assess the role of wild ducks and the significance of the wildfowl/poultry interface in the aMPV-C epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Graziosi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia, BO, Italy
| | - Giulia Mescolini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia, BO, Italy
| | - Flavio Silveira
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia, BO, Italy
| | - Caterina Lupini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia, BO, Italy
| | - Claudia M Tucciarone
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Giovanni Franzo
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Mattia Cecchinato
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Matteo Legnardi
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Federica Gobbo
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences Division, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Calogero Terregino
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences Division, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Elena Catelli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia, BO, Italy
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13
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Ball C, Manswr B, Herrmann A, Lemiere S, Ganapathy K. Avian metapneumovirus subtype B vaccination in commercial broiler chicks: heterologous protection and selected host transcription responses to subtype A or B challenge. Avian Pathol 2022; 51:181-196. [PMID: 35099352 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2022.2036697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) causes respiratory disease and drops in egg production in chicken, and is routinely controlled by vaccination. However, the host's immune response to virulent challenge in vaccinated or unvaccinated broiler chickens is poorly characterised. We show that subtype B vaccination offers heterologous (subtype A challenge) and homologous (subtype B challenge) protection. Subtype B challenge causes significantly greater humoral antibody titres in vaccinated and unvaccinated chickens. In turbinate and lung tissues of unvaccinated-challenged chickens, IgA and IgY mRNA transcription was significantly up-regulated after subtype B challenge compared to subtype A. Cellular immunity (CD8-α and CD8-β) gene transcripts were significantly up-regulated during early and later stages of infection from subtype B or subtype A respectively. Immune gene transcriptional responses (IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-18) were significantly up-regulated after challenge. Gene transcription results have shown that mRNA expression levels of CD8-α, CD8-β, TLR3 and IL-6, particularly in turbinate and trachea tissues, are useful parameters to include in future aMPV vaccination-challenge studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Ball
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Cheshire, UK
| | - Basim Manswr
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Cheshire, UK.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Diyala University, Iraq
| | - Andreas Herrmann
- Boehringer Ingelheim, 69007 Lyon, 29 avenue Tony Garnier, France
| | - Stephane Lemiere
- Boehringer Ingelheim, 69007 Lyon, 29 avenue Tony Garnier, France
| | - Kannan Ganapathy
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Cheshire, UK
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14
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Al-Hasan BA, Alhatami AO, Abdulwahab HM, Bustani GS, Hameed MA, Jawad AH. First report of Avian metapneumovirus type B in Iraqi broiler flocks with swollen head syndrome. Vet World 2022; 15:16-21. [PMID: 35369601 PMCID: PMC8924383 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.16-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Swollen head syndrome (SHS) is a complex disease caused by various agents, including bacterial and viral pathogens, as well as environmental factors. Avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) is one of the most important causes of respiratory diseases and SHS in poultry and one of the most widespread viruses worldwide; however, it has not been recorded in Iraq. This study aimed at the molecular identification and subtyping of aMPV in poultry, with the objectives of investigating the prevalence of aMPV in infected broiler flocks with SHS and molecular typing using primers specific to the study of the prevalence of subtypes A, B, and C of aMPV. Materials and Methods: This study was performed on 67 broiler farms that reported typical SHS from September 2018 to August 2019. Swabs were collected from the trachea, infraorbital sinuses, and lung, then uploaded on FTA cards and subjected to an RNA extraction protocol. Results: aMPV was detected in 16 (23.8%) samples. Molecular typing using primers specific to the attachment glycoprotein (G) gene showed that all positive samples belonged to subtype B, as assessed using the real-time polymerase chain reaction technique. Conclusion: aMPV may be the main etiological factor causing SHS in poultry. Moreover, this was the first report of the prevalence of subtype B aMPV strains in broiler farms in Iraq.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baraa Akeel Al-Hasan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Medical Technology, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
| | - Abdullah O. Alhatami
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq
| | | | - Ghadeer Sabah Bustani
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Nursing, Altoosi University College, Najaf, Iraq
| | - Muhammad Ali Hameed
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Medical Technology, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
| | - Ameer Haider Jawad
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Medical Technology, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
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15
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Kaboudi K, Lachheb J. Avian metapneumovirus infection in turkeys: a review on turkey rhinotracheitis. J APPL POULTRY RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2021.100211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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16
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Nguyen VG, Chung HC, Do HQ, Nguyen TT, Cao TBP, Truong HT, Mai TN, Le TT, Nguyen TH, Le TL, Huynh TML. Serological and Molecular Characterization of Avian Metapneumovirus in Chickens in Northern Vietnam. Vet Sci 2021; 8:vetsci8100206. [PMID: 34679036 PMCID: PMC8538526 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8100206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian Metapneumovirus (aMPV) is a causative agent of respiratory disease complex in turkeys and chickens that has recently been detected in Vietnam. Due to its novelty, this study was conducted to elucidate the distribution of aMPV in several provinces in northern Vietnam. By the application of Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and nested Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR), this study demonstrated the circulation of aMPV in 12 out of 14 cities/provinces with positive rates of 37.6% and 17.2%, respectively. All nested RT-PCR positive samples were aMPV subgroup B. By pairing the detection results with age groups, it was observed that aMPV infections occurred in chickens of all ages. Additionally, by genetic characterization, aMPV strains were demonstrated to not be attenuated vaccine viruses and to belong to at least two genetic clades. Overall, the obtained results provided insights into the prevalence of aMPV and indicated a greater complexity of respiratory diseases in chickens in Vietnam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van-Giap Nguyen
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (V.-G.N.); (T.-B.-P.C.); (H.-T.T.); (T.-N.M.)
| | - Hee-Chun Chung
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Virology Lab., College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (H.-C.C.); (H.-Q.D.)
| | - Hai-Quynh Do
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Virology Lab., College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (H.-C.C.); (H.-Q.D.)
- Institute of Genome Research, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Thanh-Trung Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, Internal Medicine and Diagnostics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam;
| | - Thi-Bich-Phuong Cao
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (V.-G.N.); (T.-B.-P.C.); (H.-T.T.); (T.-N.M.)
| | - Ha-Thai Truong
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (V.-G.N.); (T.-B.-P.C.); (H.-T.T.); (T.-N.M.)
| | - Thi-Ngan Mai
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (V.-G.N.); (T.-B.-P.C.); (H.-T.T.); (T.-N.M.)
| | - Thi-Trinh Le
- Vietnam Green Vet Joint Stock Company, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam;
| | - Thi-Hoa Nguyen
- Key Laboratory for Veterinary Biotechnology, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (T.-H.N.); (T.-L.L.)
| | - Thi-Luyen Le
- Key Laboratory for Veterinary Biotechnology, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (T.-H.N.); (T.-L.L.)
| | - Thi-My-Le Huynh
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (V.-G.N.); (T.-B.-P.C.); (H.-T.T.); (T.-N.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +84-913-081-492
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17
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Xu W, Suderman M, Koziuk J, Ojkic D, Berhane Y. Development of A recombinant nucleocapsid based indirect ELISA for the detection of antibodies to avian metapneumovirus subtypes, A, B, and C. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2020; 231:110151. [PMID: 33227621 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2020.110151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Nucleocapsid (N) protein is the most highly expressed of all avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) viral proteins and stimulates a substantial immune response in infected animals. Codon optimized recombinant N (rec-N) protein from aMPV subtypes A, B, and C were expressed using the baculoviral expression system in Trichoplusia ni (Tni) insect cells. A mixture of purified rec-N antigens from each subtype was used as a coating antigen and was evaluated in indirect ELISA (iELISA) to assess antibody response in serum samples collected from experimentally infected chickens and turkeys with different aMPV subtypes. Also, archived field serum samples that were collected from different poultry submissions were used. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed using chicken and turkey serum samples that were confirmed by indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) test for serostatus (positive n = 270, negative n = 610). The ROC analysis showed sensitivity and specificity of 97 % at a cut-off value of 0.25. The rec-N iELISA was compared with a commercial whole virus-based APV kit. The rec-N iELISA showed comparable results in detecting antibody response in aMPV infected chicken sera but was more sensitive in detecting early antibody response in aMPV infected turkey serum samples. Our results further confirm the presence of aMPV antibodies in Canadian domestic poultry populations. The developed aMPV-rec N iELISA offers a safe and valuable alternative to whole virus-based iELISA for serodiagnosis and seroepidemiological surveillance of the disease in domestic poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanhong Xu
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 3M4, Canada
| | - Matthew Suderman
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 3M4, Canada
| | - Janice Koziuk
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 3M4, Canada
| | - Davor Ojkic
- Animal Health Laboratory, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1H 6R8, Canada
| | - Yohannes Berhane
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 3M4, Canada; Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada.
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18
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Canuti M, Kroyer ANK, Ojkic D, Whitney HG, Robertson GJ, Lang AS. Discovery and Characterization of Novel RNA Viruses in Aquatic North American Wild Birds. Viruses 2019; 11:E768. [PMID: 31438486 PMCID: PMC6784231 DOI: 10.3390/v11090768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Wild birds are recognized viral reservoirs but our understanding about avian viral diversity is limited. We describe here three novel RNA viruses that we identified in oropharyngeal/cloacal swabs collected from wild birds. The complete genome of a novel gull metapneumovirus (GuMPV B29) was determined. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that this virus could represent a novel avian metapneumovirus (AMPV) sub-group, intermediate between AMPV-C and the subgroup of the other AMPVs. This virus was detected in an American herring (1/24, 4.2%) and great black-backed (4/26, 15.4%) gulls. A novel gull coronavirus (GuCoV B29) was detected in great black-backed (3/26, 11.5%) and American herring (2/24, 8.3%) gulls. Phylogenetic analyses of GuCoV B29 suggested that this virus could represent a novel species within the genus Gammacoronavirus, close to other recently identified potential novel avian coronaviral species. One GuMPV-GuCoV co-infection was detected. A novel duck calicivirus (DuCV-2 B6) was identified in mallards (2/5, 40%) and American black ducks (7/26, 26.9%). This virus, of which we identified two different types, was fully sequenced and was genetically closest to other caliciviruses identified in Anatidae, but more distant to other caliciviruses from birds in the genus Anas. These discoveries increase our knowledge about avian virus diversity and host distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Canuti
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 232 Elizabeth Ave., St. John's, NL A1B 3X9, Canada.
| | - Ashley N K Kroyer
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 232 Elizabeth Ave., St. John's, NL A1B 3X9, Canada
| | - Davor Ojkic
- Animal Health Laboratory, Laboratory Services Division, University of Guelph, 419 Gordon St., Guelph, ON N1H 6R8, Canada
| | - Hugh G Whitney
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 232 Elizabeth Ave., St. John's, NL A1B 3X9, Canada
| | - Gregory J Robertson
- Wildlife Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 6 Bruce Street, Mount Pearl, NL A1N 4T3, Canada
| | - Andrew S Lang
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 232 Elizabeth Ave., St. John's, NL A1B 3X9, Canada.
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19
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Canuti M, Munro HJ, Robertson GJ, Kroyer ANK, Roul S, Ojkic D, Whitney HG, Lang AS. New Insight Into Avian Papillomavirus Ecology and Evolution From Characterization of Novel Wild Bird Papillomaviruses. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:701. [PMID: 31031718 PMCID: PMC6473165 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses in the family Papillomaviridae have circular dsDNA genomes of approximately 5.7–8.6 kb that are packaged within non-enveloped, icosahedral capsids. The known papillomavirus (PV) representatives infect vertebrates, and there are currently more than 130 recognized PV species in more than 50 genera. We identified 12 novel avian papillomavirus (APV) types in wild birds that could represent five distinct species and two genera. Viruses were detected in paired oropharyngeal/cloacal swabs collected from six bird species, increasing the number of avian species known to harbor PVs by 40%. A new duck PV (DuPV-3) was found in mallard and American black duck (27.6% estimated prevalence) that was monophyletic with other known DuPVs. A single viral type was identified in Atlantic puffin (PuPV-1, 9.8% estimated prevalence), while a higher genetic diversity was found in other Charadriiformes. Specifically, three types [gull PV-1 (GuPV-1), -2, and -3] were identified in two gull species (estimated prevalence of 17% and 2.6% in American herring and great black-backed gull, respectively), and seven types [kittiwake PV-1 (KiPV-1) through -7] were found in black-legged kittiwake (81.3% estimated prevalence). Significantly higher DuPV-3 circulation was observed in spring compared to fall and in adults compared to juveniles. The studied host species’ tendencies to be in crowded environments likely affect infection rates and their migratory behaviors could explain the high viral diversity, illustrating how host behavior can influence viral ecology and distribution. For DuPV-3, GuPV-1, PuPV-1, and KiPV-2, we obtained the complete genomic sequences, which showed the same organization as other known APVs. Phylogenetic analyses showed evidence for virus–host co-divergence at the host taxonomic levels of family, order, and inter-order, but we also observed that host-specificity constraints are relaxed among highly related hosts as we found cross-species transmission within ducks and within gulls. Furthermore, the phylogeny of viruses infecting the Charadriiformes did not match the host phylogeny and gull viruses formed distinct monophyletic clades with kittiwake viruses, possibly reflecting past host-switching events. Considering the vast PV genotype diversity in other hosts and the large number of bird species, many more APVs likely remain to be discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Canuti
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Hannah J Munro
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Gregory J Robertson
- Wildlife Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Mount Pearl, NL, Canada
| | - Ashley N K Kroyer
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Sheena Roul
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Davor Ojkic
- Animal Health Laboratory, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Hugh G Whitney
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Andrew S Lang
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
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