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Lian X, Zhong L, Bai Y, Guang X, Tang S, Guo X, Wei T, Yang F, Zhang Y, Huang G, Zhang J, Shao L, Lei G, Li Z, Sahu SK, Zhang S, Liu H, Hu F. Spatiotemporal transcriptomic atlas of rhizome formation in Oryza longistaminata. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2024; 22:1652-1668. [PMID: 38345936 PMCID: PMC11123419 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Rhizomes are modified stems that grow underground and produce new individuals genetically identical to the mother plant. Recently, a breakthrough has been made in efforts to convert annual grains into perennial ones by utilizing wild rhizomatous species as donors, yet the developmental biology of this organ is rarely studied. Oryza longistaminata, a wild rice species featuring strong rhizomes, provides a valuable model for exploration of rhizome development. Here, we first assembled a double-haplotype genome of O. longistaminata, which displays a 48-fold improvement in contiguity compared to the previously published assembly. Furthermore, spatiotemporal transcriptomics was performed to obtain the expression profiles of different tissues in O. longistaminata rhizomes and tillers. Two spatially reciprocal cell clusters, the vascular bundle 2 cluster and the parenchyma 2 cluster, were determined to be the primary distinctions between the rhizomes and tillers. We also captured meristem initiation cells in the sunken area of parenchyma located at the base of internodes, which is the starting point for rhizome initiation. Trajectory analysis further indicated that the rhizome is regenerated through de novo generation. Collectively, these analyses revealed a spatiotemporal transcriptional transition underlying the rhizome initiation, providing a valuable resource for future perennial crop breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Lian
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio‐Resources in Yunnan, Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Innovation of Perennial rice (Co‐construction by Ministry and Province) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Center of Innovation for Perennial Rice Technology in Yunnan, School of AgricultureYunnan UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Liyuan Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural GenomicsBGI‐ShenzhenShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Yixuan Bai
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio‐Resources in Yunnan, Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Innovation of Perennial rice (Co‐construction by Ministry and Province) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Center of Innovation for Perennial Rice Technology in Yunnan, School of AgricultureYunnan UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Xuanmin Guang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural GenomicsBGI‐ShenzhenShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Sijia Tang
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio‐Resources in Yunnan, Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Innovation of Perennial rice (Co‐construction by Ministry and Province) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Center of Innovation for Perennial Rice Technology in Yunnan, School of AgricultureYunnan UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Xing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural GenomicsBGI‐ShenzhenShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Tong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural GenomicsBGI‐ShenzhenShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Feng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural GenomicsBGI‐ShenzhenShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Yujiao Zhang
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio‐Resources in Yunnan, Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Innovation of Perennial rice (Co‐construction by Ministry and Province) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Center of Innovation for Perennial Rice Technology in Yunnan, School of AgricultureYunnan UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Guangfu Huang
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio‐Resources in Yunnan, Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Innovation of Perennial rice (Co‐construction by Ministry and Province) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Center of Innovation for Perennial Rice Technology in Yunnan, School of AgricultureYunnan UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Jing Zhang
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio‐Resources in Yunnan, Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Innovation of Perennial rice (Co‐construction by Ministry and Province) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Center of Innovation for Perennial Rice Technology in Yunnan, School of AgricultureYunnan UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Lin Shao
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio‐Resources in Yunnan, Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Innovation of Perennial rice (Co‐construction by Ministry and Province) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Center of Innovation for Perennial Rice Technology in Yunnan, School of AgricultureYunnan UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Guijie Lei
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio‐Resources in Yunnan, Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Innovation of Perennial rice (Co‐construction by Ministry and Province) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Center of Innovation for Perennial Rice Technology in Yunnan, School of AgricultureYunnan UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Zheng Li
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio‐Resources in Yunnan, Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Innovation of Perennial rice (Co‐construction by Ministry and Province) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Center of Innovation for Perennial Rice Technology in Yunnan, School of AgricultureYunnan UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Sunil Kumar Sahu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural GenomicsBGI‐ShenzhenShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Shilai Zhang
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio‐Resources in Yunnan, Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Innovation of Perennial rice (Co‐construction by Ministry and Province) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Center of Innovation for Perennial Rice Technology in Yunnan, School of AgricultureYunnan UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Huan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural GenomicsBGI‐ShenzhenShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Fengyi Hu
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio‐Resources in Yunnan, Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Innovation of Perennial rice (Co‐construction by Ministry and Province) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Center of Innovation for Perennial Rice Technology in Yunnan, School of AgricultureYunnan UniversityKunmingChina
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Li D, Wang J, Chen R, Chen J, Zong J, Li L, Hao D, Guo H. Review: Nitrogen acquisition, assimilation, and seasonal cycling in perennial grasses. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 342:112054. [PMID: 38423392 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Perennial grasses seasonal nitrogen (N) cycle extends the residence and reuse time of N within the plant system, thereby enhancing N use efficiency. Currently, the mechanism of N metabolism has been extensively examined in model plants and annual grasses, and although perennial grasses exhibit similarities, they also possess distinct characteristics. Apart from assimilating and utilizing N throughout the growing season, perennial grasses also translocate N from aerial parts to perennial tissues, such as rhizomes, after autumn senescence. Subsequently, they remobilize the N from these perennial tissues to support new growth in the subsequent year, thereby ensuring their persistence. Previous studies indicate that the seasonal storage and remobilization of N in perennial grasses are not significantly associated with winter survival despite some amino acids and proteins associated with low temperature tolerance accumulating, but primarily with regrowth during the subsequent spring green-up stage. Further investigation can be conducted in perennial grasses to explore the correlation between stored N and dormant bud outgrowth in perennial tissues, such as rhizomes, during the spring green-up stage, building upon previous research on the relationship between N and axillary bud outgrowth in annual grasses. This exploration on seasonal N cycling in perennial grasses can offer valuable theoretical insights for new perennial grasses varieties with high N use efficiency through the application of gene editing and other advanced technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Li
- The National Forestry and Grassland Administration Engineering Research Center for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Warm-Season Turfgrasses, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem, Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- The National Forestry and Grassland Administration Engineering Research Center for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Warm-Season Turfgrasses, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem, Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China
| | - Rongrong Chen
- The National Forestry and Grassland Administration Engineering Research Center for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Warm-Season Turfgrasses, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem, Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China
| | - Jingbo Chen
- The National Forestry and Grassland Administration Engineering Research Center for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Warm-Season Turfgrasses, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem, Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China
| | - Junqin Zong
- The National Forestry and Grassland Administration Engineering Research Center for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Warm-Season Turfgrasses, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem, Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China
| | - Ling Li
- The National Forestry and Grassland Administration Engineering Research Center for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Warm-Season Turfgrasses, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem, Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China
| | - Dongli Hao
- The National Forestry and Grassland Administration Engineering Research Center for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Warm-Season Turfgrasses, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem, Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China
| | - Hailin Guo
- The National Forestry and Grassland Administration Engineering Research Center for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Warm-Season Turfgrasses, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem, Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China.
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Fortunato S, Nigro D, Lasorella C, Marcotuli I, Gadaleta A, de Pinto MC. The Role of Glutamine Synthetase (GS) and Glutamate Synthase (GOGAT) in the Improvement of Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Cereals. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1771. [PMID: 38136642 PMCID: PMC10742212 DOI: 10.3390/biom13121771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cereals are the most broadly produced crops and represent the primary source of food worldwide. Nitrogen (N) is a critical mineral nutrient for plant growth and high yield, and the quality of cereal crops greatly depends on a suitable N supply. In the last decades, a massive use of N fertilizers has been achieved in the desire to have high yields of cereal crops, leading to damaging effects for the environment, ecosystems, and human health. To ensure agricultural sustainability and the required food source, many attempts have been made towards developing cereal crops with a more effective nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). NUE depends on N uptake, utilization, and lastly, combining the capability to assimilate N into carbon skeletons and remobilize the N assimilated. The glutamine synthetase (GS)/glutamate synthase (GOGAT) cycle represents a crucial metabolic step of N assimilation, regulating crop yield. In this review, the physiological and genetic studies on GS and GOGAT of the main cereal crops will be examined, giving emphasis on their implications in NUE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Fortunato
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (S.F.)
| | - Domenica Nigro
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (D.N.); (I.M.)
| | - Cecilia Lasorella
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (S.F.)
| | - Ilaria Marcotuli
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (D.N.); (I.M.)
| | - Agata Gadaleta
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (D.N.); (I.M.)
| | - Maria Concetta de Pinto
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (S.F.)
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Song J, Chen Y, Jiang G, Zhao J, Wang W, Hong X. Integrated analysis of transcriptome and metabolome reveals insights for low-temperature germination in hybrid rapeseeds (Brassica napus L.). JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 291:154120. [PMID: 37935062 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2023.154120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is an important oil-producing crop in China. However, cold stress in winter can adversely affect rapeseed germination and subsequently result in poor seed yield at the mature stage. Studies of differences in the transcriptional and metabolic levels of rapeseed under cold stress can improve our understanding of low-temperature germination (LTG). The current study aimed to identify the cold stress-responsive genes, metabolites, and metabolic pathways based on a combined transcriptome and metabolome analysis to understand the difference of LTG and tolerance mechanisms in the cold-tolerant (Yueyou1301, YY1301) and cold-normal (Fengyou737, FY737) rapeseed varieties. Compared to FY737, YY1301 had a higher germination rate, indole acetic acid (IAA) and gibberellic acid (GA)/(abscisic acid) ABA levels at 7.5 °C. A total of 951 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 86 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) were identified in two rapeseed varieties. Conjoint analysis revealed 12 DAMs and 5 DEGs that were strongly correlated in inducing rapeseed LTG, which were mainly related to carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism, specifically the pathway of glutathione metabolism and starch and sucrose metabolism. These results suggest that the DAMs and DEGs involved in crucial biological pathways may regulate the LTG of rapeseed. It increases the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the adaptation of rapeseed to LTG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Song
- Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310021, China
| | - Yutiao Chen
- Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310021, China
| | - GenShui Jiang
- Hangzhou Seed Industry Group Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310021, China
| | - Jianyi Zhao
- Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310021, China
| | - Wenjia Wang
- Agricultural Extension Extending Stations, Shaoxing & Zhuji Agricultural Bureau, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, China.
| | - Xiaofu Hong
- Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310021, China.
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5
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Sun H, Guo X, Zhu X, Gu P, Zhang W, Tao W, Wang D, Wu Y, Zhao Q, Xu G, Fu X, Zhang Y. Strigolactone and gibberellin signaling coordinately regulate metabolic adaptations to changes in nitrogen availability in rice. MOLECULAR PLANT 2023; 16:588-598. [PMID: 36683328 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2023.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Modern semi-dwarf rice varieties of the "Green Revolution" require a high supply of nitrogen (N) fertilizer to produce high yields. A better understanding of the interplay between N metabolism and plant developmental processes is required for improved N-use efficiency and agricultural sustainability. Here, we show that strigolactones (SLs) modulate root metabolic and developmental adaptations to low N availability for ensuring efficient uptake and translocation of available N. The key repressor DWARF 53 (D53) of the SL signaling pathway interacts with the transcription factor GROWTH-REGULATING FACTOR 4 (GRF4) and prevents GRF4 from binding to its target gene promoters. N limitation induces the accumulation of SLs, which in turn promotes SL-mediated degradation of D53, leading to the release of GRF4 and thus promoting the expression of genes associated with N metabolism. N limitation also induces degradation of the DELLA protein SLENDER RICE 1 (SLR1) in an D14- and D53-dependent manner, effectively releasing GRF4 from competitive inhibition caused by SLR1. Collectively, our findings reveal a previously unrecognized mechanism underlying SL and gibberellin crosstalk in response to N availability, advancing our understanding of plant growth-metabolic coordination and facilitating the design of the strategies for improving N-use efficiency in high-yield crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huwei Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Rice Biology in Henan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xiaoli Guo
- Key Laboratory of Rice Biology in Henan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xiuli Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Rice Biology in Henan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Pengyuan Gu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wenqing Tao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Daojian Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yunzhe Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Quanzhi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Rice Biology in Henan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Guohua Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiangdong Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Yali Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Wang H, Zhong L, Fu X, Huang S, Zhao D, He H, Chen X. Physiological analysis reveals the mechanism of accelerated growth recovery for rice seedlings by nitrogen application after low temperature stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1133592. [PMID: 36875613 PMCID: PMC9978396 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1133592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Low temperature and overcast rain are harmful to directly seeding early rice, it can hinder rice growth and lower rice biomass during the seedling stage, which in turn lowers rice yield. Farmers usually use N to help rice recuperate after stress and minimize losses. However, the effect of N application on the growth recovery for rice seedlings after such low temperature stress and its associated physiological changes remain unclearly. Two temperature settings and four post-stress N application levels were used in a bucket experiment to compare B116 (strong growth recovery after stress) with B144 (weak growth recovery). The results showed that the stress (average daily temperature at 12°C for 4 days) inhibited the growth of rice seedlings. Compared to the zero N group, the N application group's seedling height, fresh weight and dry weight significantly increased after 12 days. In particular, the increases in all three growth indicators were relatively higher than that of N application at normal temperature, indicating the importance of N application to rice seedlings after low temperature stress. The antioxidant enzyme activity of rice seedlings increased significantly after N application, which reduced the damaging effect of ROS (reactive oxygen species) to rice seedlings. At the same time, the soluble protein content of seedlings showed a slow decrease, while the H2O2 and MDA (malondialdehyde) content decreased significantly. Nitrogen could also promote nitrogen uptake and utilization by increasing the expression of genes related to NH 4 + and NO 3 - uptake and transport, as well as improving the activity of NR (nitrate reductase) and GS (glutamine synthetase) in rice. N could affect GA3 (gibberellin A3) and ABA (abscisic acid) levels by regulating the anabolism of GA3 and ABA. The N application group maintained high ABA levels as well as low GA3 levels from day 0 to day 6, and high GA3 levels as well as low ABA levels from day 6 to day 12. The two rice varieties showed obvious characteristics of accelerated growth recovery and positive physiological changes by nitrogen application after stress, while B116 generally showed more obvious growth recovery and stronger growth-related physiological reaction than that of B144. The N application of 40 kg hm-2 was more conducive to the rapid recovery of rice growth after stress. The above results indicated that appropriate N application promoted rice seedling growth recovery after low temperature stress mainly by increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes and nitrogen metabolizing enzymes as well as regulating the levels of GA3 and ABA. The results of this study will provide a reference for the regulation of N on the recovery of rice seedling growth after low temperature and weak light stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Super Rice Engineering Technology Center, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Lei Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Super Rice Engineering Technology Center, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaoquan Fu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Super Rice Engineering Technology Center, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shiying Huang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Super Rice Engineering Technology Center, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Desheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Super Rice Engineering Technology Center, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Haohua He
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Super Rice Engineering Technology Center, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaorong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Super Rice Engineering Technology Center, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
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7
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Long W, Huang G, Yao X, Lv L, Yu C, Wang K. Untargeted metabolism approach reveals difference of varieties of bud and relation among characteristics of grafting seedlings in Camellia oleifera. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1024353. [PMID: 36479510 PMCID: PMC9720148 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1024353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Camellia oleifera is one of the essential wood oil trees in the world. C.oleifera was propagated by nurse seedling grafting. Since the scion of C.oleifera had a significant regulated effect on the properties of rootstock after grafting and impacted on the growth of the grafted seedlings, it was necessary to understand the characteristics of buds among varieties to cultivate high-quality grafted seedlings. The metabolome was thought to be a powerful tool for understanding connecting phenotype-genotype interactions, which has an important impact on plant growth and development. In this study, UPLC-MS was used to determine the metabolites of the apical buds of CL3, CL4, CL40, and CL53 spring shoots after 30 days of sprout and to measure the growth characteristics of roots and stems after grafting. Metabolomics analysis revealed 554 kinds of metabolites were significant differences among four varieties, and 29 metabolic pathways were identified to have significant changes (p< 0.05), including carboxylic acids and derivatives, fatty Acyls, organooxygen compounds, and prenol lipids metabolites. The metabolites appeared in all varieties, including phenethyl rutinoside in glycosyl compounds and hovenidulcioside A1 in terpene glycosides. Metabolite-metabolite correlations in varieties revealed more complex patterns in relation to bud and enabled the recognition of key metabolites (e.g., Glutamate, (±)Catechin, GA52, ABA, and cs-Zeatin) affecting grafting and growth ability. Each variety has a unique metabolite type and correlation network relationship. Differentiated metabolites showed different growth trends for development after grafting. Many metabolites regulate the growth of scions in buds before grafting, which plays a crucial role in the growth of seedlings after grafting. It not only regulates the growth of roots but also affects the development of this stem. Finally, those results were associated with the genetic background of each cultivar, showing that metabolites could be potentially used as indicators for the genetic background, indicating that metabolites could potentially be used as indicators for seedling growth characteristics. Together, this study will enrich the theoretical basis of seedling growth and lay a foundation for further research on the molecular regulation mechanism interaction between rootstock and scion, rootstock growth, and the development of grafted seedlings after grafting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Long
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guangyuan Huang
- Chang Country Oil Tea Industry Development Center, Changshan Country Bureau of Forestry & Water Resoures, Changshan, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaohua Yao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Leyan Lv
- College of Hydraulic Engineering, Zhejiang Tongji Vocational College of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chunlian Yu
- Chang Country Oil Tea Industry Development Center, Changshan Country Bureau of Forestry & Water Resoures, Changshan, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kailiang Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Yang G, Wei X, Fang Z. Melatonin Mediates Axillary Bud Outgrowth by Improving Nitrogen Assimilation and Transport in Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:900262. [PMID: 35909754 PMCID: PMC9326366 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.900262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin plays an important role in plant resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, whether melatonin is involved in the regulation of plant architecture, such as the formation of axillary bud outgrowth or tillering, in rice remains unknown. Here, we found that different concentrations of melatonin influenced axillary bud outgrowth in rice, and moderate melatonin concentrations also alleviated the inhibition of axillary bud outgrowth in the presence of high concentrations of basic amino acids lysine and arginine. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis demonstrated that genes involved in nitrogen metabolism and phytohormone signal transduction pathways may affect axillary bud outgrowth, which is regulated by melatonin. We determined that the differentially expressed genes glutamine synthetase OsGS2 and amino acid transporter OsAAP14, which are involved in nitrogen metabolism and are regulated by melatonin and basic amino acids, were the key regulators of axillary bud outgrowth in rice. In addition, we validated the functions of OsGS2 and OsAAP14 using rice transgenic plants with altered axillary bud outgrowth and tillers. Taken together, these results suggest that melatonin mediates axillary bud outgrowth by improving nitrogen assimilation and transport in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Agricultural Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xilin Wei
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Agricultural Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhongming Fang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Agricultural Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Center of Applied Biotechnology, Wuhan University of Bioengineering, Wuhan, China
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Liu Q, Wu K, Song W, Zhong N, Wu Y, Fu X. Improving Crop Nitrogen Use Efficiency Toward Sustainable Green Revolution. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 73:523-551. [PMID: 35595292 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-070121-015752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The Green Revolution of the 1960s improved crop yields in part through the widespread cultivation of semidwarf plant varieties, which resist lodging but require a high-nitrogen (N) fertilizer input. Because environmentally degrading synthetic fertilizer use underlies current worldwide cereal yields, future agricultural sustainability demands enhanced N use efficiency (NUE). Here, we summarize the current understanding of how plants sense, uptake, and respond to N availability in the model plants that can be used to improve sustainable productivity in agriculture. Recent progress in unlocking the genetic basis of NUE within the broader context of plant systems biology has provided insights into the coordination of plant growth and nutrient assimilation and inspired the implementation of a new breeding strategy to cut fertilizer use in high-yield cereal crops. We conclude that identifying fresh targets for N sensing and response in crops would simultaneously enable improved grain productivity and NUE to launch a new Green Revolution and promote future food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China;
| | - Kun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China;
| | - Wenzhen Song
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China;
| | - Nan Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China;
| | - Yunzhe Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China;
| | - Xiangdong Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China;
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Gu P, Luo F, Tao W, Li Y, Wang D, Wu X, Ju X, Chao L, Zhang Y. Higher nitrogen content and auxin export from rice tiller enhance low-ammonium-dependent tiller outgrowth. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 268:153562. [PMID: 34798463 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In the early growth stage, nutrient uptake by rice roots is weak. However, rice tillering at this stage would require high N input. Thus, it is vital to clarify the mechanism involved in tillering capacity with low N inputs. In this report, two widely-planted japonica cultivars (cvs Yangyujing 2 and Nanjing 45) were selected mainly because, unlike cv. Nanjing 45, cv. Yangyujing 2 shows low-N-induced tiller outgrowth. Responses of tillers in two rice cultivars to mixture of N forms versus sole NH4+ supply were similar, suggesting that NH4+ plays a pivotal role in N-modulated rice tillering. Under low NH4+ supply, higher expression of OsAMT1.2, OsAMT1.3, OsGS1;2, and OsGS2 was recorded in the roots of cv. Yangyujing 2 in comparison with cv. Nanjing 45, ultimately resulting in higher N content and dry weight in cv. Yangyujing 2. Stronger 3H-IAA export from tiller stems was observed in cv. Yangyujing 2, mainly due to higher expression level of auxin efflux transporters. Moreover, tillers in auxin efflux transporter mutant ospin9 did not respond to NH4+ supply relative to wild-type plants. These findings can be used in the molecular breeding of rice varieties to simultaneously improve rice population productivity and reduce N fertilizer input.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyuan Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Feifei Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Wenqing Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Daojian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xinxin Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ling Chao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yali Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Wu D, Li Y, Cao Y, Hu R, Wu X, Zhang W, Tao W, Xu G, Wang X, Zhang Y. Increased glutamine synthetase by overexpression of TaGS1 improves grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency in rice. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 169:259-268. [PMID: 34814097 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Improving nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) has been a focal point for crop growth and yield throughout the world. Glutamine synthetase (GS), which plays a fundamental role in N metabolism, has been exploited to improve crop NUE. However, increased GS activity in rice by overexpressing its own GS genes hasn't shown superior plant productivity. Here, transgenic rice plants with increased GS activity by overexpressing TaGS1 were analyzed under field and culture conditions at two N rates. Transgenic expression of TaGS1 significantly increases GS activity in leaves, junctions and roots of rice plants relative to wide-type plants. When rice plants grown under consecutive field trials with N rates of 60 and 240 kg/ha, three transgenic lines have higher grain yield than wild-type plants, with increment of 15%-22% in T2 generation and with that of 28%-36% in T3 generation, respectively. And increased panicle numbers (effective tiller numbers) mainly contribute to the advantage of grain yield in transgenic plants. Analysis of N use-related traits shows that transgenic plants with enhanced GS activity promote root capacity to obtain N, N accumulation during growth stages and N remobilization to grains, ultimately conferring 31%-40% improvement of NUE relative to wild-type rice plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daxia Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yanan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ripeng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Wenqing Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Guohua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiaochun Wang
- College of life sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| | - Yali Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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12
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Transporters and transcription factors gene families involved in improving nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and assimilation in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Transgenic Res 2021; 31:23-42. [PMID: 34524604 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-021-00284-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) as a macronutrient is an important determinant of plant growth. The excessive usage of chemical fertilizers is increasing environmental pollution; hence, the improvement of crop's nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) is imperative for sustainable agriculture. N uptake, transportation, assimilation, and remobilization are four important determinants of plant NUE. Oryza sativa L. (rice) is a staple food for approximately half of the human population, around the globe and improvement in rice yield is pivotal for rice breeders. The N transporters, enzymes indulged in N assimilation, and several transcription factors affect the rice NUE and subsequent yield. Although, a couple of improvements have been made regarding rice NUE, the knowledge about regulatory mechanisms operating NUE is scarce. The current review provides a precise knowledge of how rice plants detect soil N and how this detection is translated into the language of responses that regulate the growth. Additionally, the transcription factors that control N-associated genes in rice are discussed in detail. This mechanistic insight will help the researchers to improve rice yield with minimized use of chemical fertilizers.
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Liang T, Yuan Z, Fu L, Zhu M, Luo X, Xu W, Yuan H, Zhu R, Hu Z, Wu X. Integrative Transcriptomic and Proteomic Analysis Reveals an Alternative Molecular Network of Glutamine Synthetase 2 Corresponding to Nitrogen Deficiency in Rice ( Oryza sativa L.). Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147674. [PMID: 34299294 PMCID: PMC8304609 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is an essential nutrient for plant growth and development. The root system architecture is a highly regulated morphological system, which is sensitive to the availability of nutrients, such as N. Phenotypic characterization of roots from LY9348 (a rice variety with high nitrogen use efficiency (NUE)) treated with 0.725 mM NH4NO3 (1/4N) was remarkable, especially primary root (PR) elongation, which was the highest. A comprehensive analysis was performed for transcriptome and proteome profiling of LY9348 roots between 1/4N and 2.9 mM NH4NO3 (1N) treatments. The results indicated 3908 differential expression genes (DEGs; 2569 upregulated and 1339 downregulated) and 411 differential abundance proteins (DAPs; 192 upregulated and 219 downregulated). Among all DAPs in the proteome, glutamine synthetase (GS2), a chloroplastic ammonium assimilation protein, was the most upregulated protein identified. The unexpected concentration of GS2 from the shoot to the root in the 1/4N treatment indicated that the presence of an alternative pathway of N assimilation regulated by GS2 in LY9348 corresponded to the low N signal, which was supported by GS enzyme activity and glutamine/glutamate (Gln/Glu) contents analysis. In addition, N transporters (NRT2.1, NRT2.2, NRT2.3, NRT2.4, NAR2.1, AMT1.3, AMT1.2, and putative AMT3.3) and N assimilators (NR2, GS1;1, GS1;2, GS1;3, NADH-GOGAT2, and AS2) were significantly induced during the long-term N-deficiency response at the transcription level (14 days). Moreover, the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis demonstrated that phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and glutathione metabolism were significantly modulated by N deficiency. Notably, many transcription factors and plant hormones were found to participate in root morphological adaptation. In conclusion, our study provides valuable information to further understand the response of rice roots to N-deficiency stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (T.L.); (Z.Y.); (L.F.); (M.Z.); (X.L.); (W.X.); (H.Y.); (R.Z.); (Z.H.)
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zhengqing Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (T.L.); (Z.Y.); (L.F.); (M.Z.); (X.L.); (W.X.); (H.Y.); (R.Z.); (Z.H.)
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Lu Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (T.L.); (Z.Y.); (L.F.); (M.Z.); (X.L.); (W.X.); (H.Y.); (R.Z.); (Z.H.)
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Menghan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (T.L.); (Z.Y.); (L.F.); (M.Z.); (X.L.); (W.X.); (H.Y.); (R.Z.); (Z.H.)
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiaoyun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (T.L.); (Z.Y.); (L.F.); (M.Z.); (X.L.); (W.X.); (H.Y.); (R.Z.); (Z.H.)
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Wuwu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (T.L.); (Z.Y.); (L.F.); (M.Z.); (X.L.); (W.X.); (H.Y.); (R.Z.); (Z.H.)
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Huanran Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (T.L.); (Z.Y.); (L.F.); (M.Z.); (X.L.); (W.X.); (H.Y.); (R.Z.); (Z.H.)
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Renshan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (T.L.); (Z.Y.); (L.F.); (M.Z.); (X.L.); (W.X.); (H.Y.); (R.Z.); (Z.H.)
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zhongli Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (T.L.); (Z.Y.); (L.F.); (M.Z.); (X.L.); (W.X.); (H.Y.); (R.Z.); (Z.H.)
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xianting Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (T.L.); (Z.Y.); (L.F.); (M.Z.); (X.L.); (W.X.); (H.Y.); (R.Z.); (Z.H.)
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Science, Chengdu 610000, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-181-8061-4938
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14
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Wang R, Yang X, Guo S, Wang Z, Zhang Z, Fang Z. MiR319-targeted OsTCP21 and OsGAmyb regulate tillering and grain yield in rice. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 63:1260-1272. [PMID: 33838011 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Multiple genes and microRNAs (miRNAs) improve grain yield by promoting tillering. MiR319s are known to regulate several aspects of plant development; however, whether miR319s are essential for tillering regulation remains unclear. Here, we report that miR319 is highly expressed in the basal part of rice plant at different development stages. The miR319 knockdown line Short Tandem Target Mimic 319 (STTM319) showed higher tiller bud length in seedlings under low nitrogen (N) condition and higher tiller bud number under high N condition compared with the miR319a-overexpression line. Through targets prediction, we identified OsTCP21 and OsGAmyb as downstream targets of miR319. Moreover, OsTCP21 and OsGAmyb overexpression lines and STTM319 had increased tiller bud length and biomass, whereas both were decreased in OsTCP21 and OsGAmyb knockout lines and OE319a. These data suggest that miR319 regulates rice tiller bud development and tillering through targeting OsTCP21 and OsGAmyb. Notably, the tiller number and grain yield increased in STTM319 and overexpression lines of OsTCP21 and OsGAmyb but decreased in OE319a and knockout lines of OsTCP21 and OsGAmyb. Taken together, our findings indicate that miR319s negatively affect tiller number and grain yield by targeting OsTCP21 and OsGAmyb, revealing a novel function for miR319 in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongna Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Agricultural Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Xiuyan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Agricultural Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- Hubei Engineering Research Center of Viral Vector, Wuhan University of Bioengineering, Wuhan, 430415, China
| | - Shuang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Agricultural Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Zhaohui Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Zhanhui Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Zhongming Fang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Agricultural Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- Hubei Engineering Research Center of Viral Vector, Wuhan University of Bioengineering, Wuhan, 430415, China
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15
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Hou M, Wu D, Li Y, Tao W, Chao L, Zhang Y. The role of auxin in nitrogen-modulated shoot branching. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2021; 16:1885888. [PMID: 33570443 PMCID: PMC7971330 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2021.1885888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Shoot branching is determined by axillary bud formation and outgrowth and remains one of the most variable determinants of yield in many crops. Plant nitrogen (N) acquired mainly in the forms of nitrate and ammonium from soil, dominates plant development, and high-yield crop production relies heavily on N fertilization. In this review, the regulation of axillary bud outgrowth by N availability and forms is summarized in plant species. The mechanisms of auxin function in this process have been well characterized and reviewed, while recent literature has highlighted that auxin export from a bud plays a critical role in N-modulating this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Daxia Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenqing Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ling Chao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yali Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- CONTACT Yali Zhang State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing210095, China
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16
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Fang Z, Wu B, Ji Y. The Amino Acid Transporter OsAAP4 Contributes to Rice Tillering and Grain Yield by Regulating Neutral Amino Acid Allocation through Two Splicing Variants. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 14:2. [PMID: 33409665 PMCID: PMC7788160 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-020-00446-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amino acids, which are transported by amino acid transporters, are the major forms of organic nitrogen utilized by higher plants. Among the 19 Amino Acid Permease transporters (AAPs) in rice, only a small number of these genes have been reported to influence rice growth and development. However, whether other OsAAPs are responsible for rice growth and development is unclear. RESULTS In this study, we demonstrate that OsAAP4 promoter sequences are divergent between Indica and Japonica, with higher expression in the former, which produces more tillers and higher grain yield than does Japonica. Overexpression of two different splicing variants of OsAAP4 in Japonica ZH11 significantly increased rice tillering and grain yield as result of enhancing the neutral amino acid concentrations of Val, Pro, Thr and Leu. OsAAP4 RNA interference (RNAi) and mutant lines displayed opposite trends compared with overexpresing (OE) lines. In addition, exogenous Val or Pro at 0.5 mM significantly promoted the bud outgrowth of lines overexpressing an OsAAP4a splicing variant compared with ZH11, and exogenous Val or Pro at 2.0 mM significantly enhanced the bud outgrowth of lines overexpressing splicing variant OsAAP4b compared with ZH11. Of note, the results of a protoplast amino acid-uptake assay showed that Val or Pro at different concentrations was specifically transported and accumulated in these overexpressing lines. Transcriptome analysis further demonstrated that OsAAP4 may affect nitrogen transport and metabolism, and auxin, cytokinin signaling in regulating rice tillering. CONCLUSION Our results suggested that OsAAP4 contributes to rice tiller and grain yield by regulating neutral amino acid allocation through two different splicing variants and that OsAAP4 might have potential applications in rice breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongming Fang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Agricultural Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Bowen Wu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Agricultural Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ji
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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17
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Han X, Wu K, Fu X, Liu Q. Improving coordination of plant growth and nitrogen metabolism for sustainable agriculture. ABIOTECH 2020; 1:255-275. [PMID: 36304130 PMCID: PMC9590520 DOI: 10.1007/s42994-020-00027-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The agricultural green revolution of the 1960s boosted cereal crop yield was in part due to cultivation of semi-dwarf green revolution varieties. The semi-dwarf plants resist lodging and require high nitrogen (N) fertilizer inputs to maximize yield. To produce higher grain yield, inorganic fertilizer has been overused by Chinese farmers in intensive crop production. With the ongoing increase in the food demand of global population and the environmental pollution, improving crop productivity with reduced N supply is a pressing challenge. Despite a great deal of research efforts, to date only a few genes that improve N use efficiency (NUE) have been identified. The molecular mechanisms underlying the coordination of plant growth, carbon (C) and N assimilation is still not fully understood, thus preventing significant improvement. Recent advances have shed light on how explore NUE within an overall plant biology system that considered the co-regulation of plant growth, C and N metabolisms as a whole, rather than focusing specifically on N uptake and assimilation. There are several potential approaches to improve NUE discussed in this review. Increasing knowledge of how plants sense and respond to changes in N availability, as well as identifying new targets for breeding strategies to simultaneously improve NUE and grain yield, could usher in a new green revolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Han
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Kun Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Xiangdong Fu
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Qian Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
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18
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Tazoe Y, Ishikawa N, Shikanai T, Ishiyama K, Takagi D, Makino A, Sato F, Endo T. Overproduction of PGR5 enhances the electron sink downstream of photosystem I in a C 4 plant, Flaveria bidentis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 103:814-823. [PMID: 32314445 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
C4 plants can fix CO2 efficiently using CO2 -concentrating mechanisms (CCMs), but they require additional ATP. To supply the additional ATP, C4 plants operate at higher rates of cyclic electron transport around photosystem I (PSI), in which electrons are transferred from ferredoxin to plastoquinone. Recently, it has been reported that the NAD(P)H dehydrogenase-like complex (NDH) accumulated in the thylakoid membrane in leaves of C4 plants, making it a candidate for the additional synthesis of ATP used in the CCM. In addition, C4 plants have higher levels of PROTON GRADIENT REGULATION 5 (PGR5) expression, but it has been unknown how PGR5 functions in C4 photosynthesis. In this study, PGR5 was overexpressed in a C4 dicot, Flaveria bidentis. In PGR5-overproducing (OP) lines, PGR5 levels were 2.3- to 3.0-fold greater compared with wild-type plants. PGR5-like PHOTOSYNTHETIC PHENOTYPE 1 (PGRL1), which cooperates with PGR5, increased with PGR5. A spectroscopic analysis indicated that in the PGR5-OP lines, the acceptor side limitation of PSI was reduced in response to a rapid increase in photon flux density. Although it did not affect CO2 assimilation, the overproduction of PGR5 contributed to an enhanced electron sink downstream of PSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youshi Tazoe
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8052, Japan
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-0845, Japan
- CREST, JST, Gobancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-0076, Japan
- Faculty of Agro-Food Science, Niigata Agro-Food University, Tainai, Niigata, 959-2702, Japan
| | - Noriko Ishikawa
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8052, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Shikanai
- CREST, JST, Gobancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-0076, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8052, Japan
| | - Keiki Ishiyama
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-0845, Japan
| | - Daisuke Takagi
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-0845, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Setsunan University, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-0101, Japan
| | - Amane Makino
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-0845, Japan
- CREST, JST, Gobancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-0076, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Sato
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8052, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Endo
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8052, Japan
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Wang Z, Shi H, Yu S, Zhou W, Li J, Liu S, Deng M, Ma J, Wei Y, Zheng Y, Liu Y. Comprehensive transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics analyses of the mechanisms regulating tiller production in low-tillering wheat. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2019; 132:2181-2193. [PMID: 31020386 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-019-03345-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Tiller development in low-tillering wheat is related to several differentially expressed genes, proteins, and metabolites, as determined by an integrated omics approach combining transcriptome analysis, iTRAQ, and HPLC-MS on multiple NILs. Tillering is an important aspect of plant morphology that affects spike number, thereby contributing to the final crop yield. However, the mechanisms inhibiting tiller production in low-tillering wheat are poorly characterized. To investigate this aspect of wheat biology, two pairs of near-isogenic lines were developed, and an integrated omics approach combining transcriptome analysis, isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification, and high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry were used to compare the free-tillering and low-tillering caused by an allele at Qltn.sicau-2D in wheat samples. Overall, 474 genes, 166 proteins, and 28 metabolites were identified as tillering-associated differentially expressed genes, proteins, and metabolites (DEGs, DEPs, and DEMs, respectively). Functional analysis indicated that the abundance of DEGs/DEPs/DEMs was related to lignin and cellulose metabolism, cell division, cell cycle processes, and glycerophospholipid metabolism; three transcription factor families, GRAS, GRF, and REV, might be related to the decrease in tillering in low-tillering wheat. These findings contribute to improve our understanding of the mechanisms responsible for the inhibition of tiller development in low-tillering wheat cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Wang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Haoran Shi
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Shifan Yu
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Wanlin Zhou
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jing Li
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Shihang Liu
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Mei Deng
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jian Ma
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yuming Wei
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Youliang Zheng
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yaxi Liu
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China.
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20
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Wang M, Le Moigne MA, Bertheloot J, Crespel L, Perez-Garcia MD, Ogé L, Demotes-Mainard S, Hamama L, Davière JM, Sakr S. BRANCHED1: A Key Hub of Shoot Branching. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:76. [PMID: 30809235 PMCID: PMC6379311 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Shoot branching is a key process for plant growth and fitness. Newly produced axes result from axillary bud outgrowth, which is at least partly mediated through the regulation of BRANCHED1 gene expression (BRC1/TB1/FC1). BRC1 encodes a pivotal bud-outgrowth-inhibiting transcription factor belonging to the TCP family. As the regulation of BRC1 expression is a hub for many shoot-branching-related mechanisms, it is influenced by endogenous (phytohormones and nutrients) and exogenous (light) inputs, which involve so-far only partly identified molecular networks. This review highlights the central role of BRC1 in shoot branching and its responsiveness to different stimuli, and emphasizes the different knowledge gaps that should be addressed in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Wang
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, SFR 4207 QUASAV, Université d’Angers, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Marie-Anne Le Moigne
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, SFR 4207 QUASAV, Université d’Angers, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Jessica Bertheloot
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, SFR 4207 QUASAV, Université d’Angers, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Laurent Crespel
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, SFR 4207 QUASAV, Université d’Angers, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Maria-Dolores Perez-Garcia
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, SFR 4207 QUASAV, Université d’Angers, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Laurent Ogé
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, SFR 4207 QUASAV, Université d’Angers, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Sabine Demotes-Mainard
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, SFR 4207 QUASAV, Université d’Angers, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Latifa Hamama
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, SFR 4207 QUASAV, Université d’Angers, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Jean-Michel Davière
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UPR2357, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Soulaiman Sakr
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, SFR 4207 QUASAV, Université d’Angers, Beaucouzé, France
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21
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Ohashi M, Ishiyama K, Kusano M, Fukushima A, Kojima S, Hayakawa T, Yamaya T. Reduction in sucrose contents by downregulation of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 2 causes tiller outgrowth cessation in rice mutants lacking glutamine synthetase1;2. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 11:65. [PMID: 30578468 PMCID: PMC6303225 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-018-0261-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our previous transcriptomic analysis revealed that downregulation of nitrogen and carbon metabolism in the basal portions of the shoots inhibited cytosolic glutamine synthetase1;2 (GS1;2), which severely reduced rice tiller number. In the present study, we used rice mutants lacking GS1;2 (gs1;2 mutants) to determine the contribution of carbon metabolism to tiller growth. RESULTS Metabolomic analysis indicated the effects of carbon metabolism disorder such as reductions in the levels of sugar metabolites (e.g., sucrose and glucose 6-phosphate) in the shoot basal portions of the gs1;2 mutant seedlings. Decrease in sucrose caused by the lack of GS1;2 was successfully restored to the wild-type levels by introducing OsGS1;2 cDNA into the mutants. In the basal portions of the shoots, the lack of GS1;2 caused low expression of cytosolic fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase2 (OscFBP2), which is a key cytosolic sucrose synthesis enzyme; it is especially important in the phloem companion cells of the nodal vascular anastomoses. NH4+ supply upregulated OscFBP2 expression in the shoot basal portions of the wild type but not in those of the gs1;2 mutants. Rice mutants lacking cFBPase2 presented with ~ 30% reduction in total cFBPase activity in the basal portions of their shoots. These mutants displayed reductions in sucrose levels of the basal portions of their shoots but not in their leaf blades. They also had relatively lower tiller numbers at the early growth stage. CONCLUSIONS Metabolomic analysis revealed that the lack of GS1;2 reduced sucrose metabolism in the basal portions of the shoots. Our results indicated that sucrose reduction was caused by the downregulation of OscFBP2 expression in the basal portions of the gs1;2 mutant shoots. The reduction in sucrose content caused by the lack of cFBPase2 resulted in lower tiller number at the early growth stage. Therefore, adequate sucrose supply via cFBPase2 may be necessary for tiller growth in the basal portions of rice shoots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miwa Ohashi
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aoba, Aramaki-Aza, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8572, Japan.
- Present address: Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan.
| | - Keiki Ishiyama
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aoba, Aramaki-Aza, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8572, Japan
- Present address: Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8, Ueda, Morioka, 020-8550, Japan
| | - Miyako Kusano
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8577, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Atsushi Fukushima
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Soichi Kojima
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aoba, Aramaki-Aza, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8572, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Hayakawa
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aoba, Aramaki-Aza, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8572, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Yamaya
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aoba, Aramaki-Aza, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8572, Japan
- Present address: Division for Interdisciplinary Advanced Research and Education, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki-Aza, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8572, Japan
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22
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Ferreira DA, Martins MCM, Cheavegatti-Gianotto A, Carneiro MS, Amadeu RR, Aricetti JA, Wolf LD, Hoffmann HP, de Abreu LGF, Caldana C. Metabolite Profiles of Sugarcane Culm Reveal the Relationship Among Metabolism and Axillary Bud Outgrowth in Genetically Related Sugarcane Commercial Cultivars. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:857. [PMID: 29988592 PMCID: PMC6027322 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic composition is known to exert influence on several important agronomic traits, and metabolomics, which represents the chemical composition in a cell, has long been recognized as a powerful tool for bridging phenotype-genotype interactions. In this work, sixteen truly representative sugarcane Brazilian varieties were selected to explore the metabolic networks in buds and culms, the tissues involved in the vegetative propagation of this species. Due to the fact that bud sprouting is a key trait determining crop establishment in the field, the sprouting potential among the genotypes was evaluated. The use of partial least square discriminant analysis indicated only mild differences on bud outgrowth potential under controlled environmental conditions. However, primary metabolite profiling provided information on the variability of metabolic features even under a narrow genetic background, typical for modern sugarcane cultivars. Metabolite-metabolite correlations within and between tissues revealed more complex patterns for culms in relation to buds, and enabled the recognition of key metabolites (e.g., sucrose, putrescine, glutamate, serine, and myo-inositol) affecting sprouting ability. Finally, those results were associated with the genetic background of each cultivar, showing that metabolites can be potentially used as indicators for the genetic background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo A. Ferreira
- Brazilian Bioethanol Science and Technology Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais, Campinas, Brazil
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Marina C. M. Martins
- Brazilian Bioethanol Science and Technology Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Adriana Cheavegatti-Gianotto
- Brazilian Bioethanol Science and Technology Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Monalisa S. Carneiro
- Department of Biotechnology and Plant and Animal Production, Center for Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo R. Amadeu
- Department of Genetics, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Juliana A. Aricetti
- Brazilian Bioethanol Science and Technology Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Lucia D. Wolf
- Brazilian Bioethanol Science and Technology Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Hermann P. Hoffmann
- Department of Biotechnology and Plant and Animal Production, Center for Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Luis G. F. de Abreu
- Brazilian Bioethanol Science and Technology Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Camila Caldana
- Brazilian Bioethanol Science and Technology Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais, Campinas, Brazil
- Max-Planck Partner Group, Brazilian Bioethanol Science and Technology Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais, Campinas, Brazil
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23
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Ohashi M, Ishiyama K, Kojima S, Konishi N, Sasaki K, Miyao M, Hayakawa T, Yamaya T. Outgrowth of Rice Tillers Requires Availability of Glutamine in the Basal Portions of Shoots. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 11:31. [PMID: 29744685 PMCID: PMC5943206 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-018-0225-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our previous studies concluded that metabolic disorder in the basal portions of rice shoots caused by a lack of cytosolic glutamine synthetase1;2 (GS1;2) resulted in a severe reduction in the outgrowth of tillers. Rice mutants lacking GS1;2 (gs1;2 mutants) showed a remarkable reduction in the contents of both glutamine and asparagine in the basal portions of shoots. In the current study, we attempted to reveal the mechanisms for this decrease in asparagine content using rice mutants lacking either GS1;2 or asparagine synthetase 1 (AS1). The contributions of the availability of glutamine and asparagine to the outgrowth of rice tillers were investigated. RESULTS Rice has two AS genes, and the enzymes catalyse asparagine synthesis from glutamine. In the basal portions of rice shoots, expression of OsAS1, the major species in this tissue, was reduced in gs1;2 mutants, whereas OsAS2 expression was relatively constant. OsAS1 was expressed in phloem companion cells of the nodal vascular anastomoses connected to the axillary bud vasculatures in the basal portions of wild-type shoots, whereas cell-specific expression was markedly reduced in gs1;2 mutants. OsAS1 was up-regulated significantly by NH4+ supply in the wild type but not in gs1;2 mutants. When GS reactions were inhibited by methionine sulfoximine, OsAS1 was up-regulated by glutamine but not by NH4+. The rice mutants lacking AS1 (as1 mutants) showed a decrease in asparagine content in the basal portions of shoots. However, glutamine content and tiller number were less affected by the lack of AS1. CONCLUSION These results indicate that in phloem companion cells of the nodal vascular anastomoses, asparagine synthesis is largely dependent on glutamine or its related metabolite-responsive AS1. Thus, the decrease in glutamine content caused by a lack of GS1;2 is suggested to result in low expression of OsAS1, decreasing asparagine content. However, the availability of asparagine generated from AS1 reactions is apparently less effective for the outgrowth of tillers. With respect to the tiller number and the contents of glutamine and asparagine in gs1;2 and as1 mutants, the availability of glutamine rather than asparagine in basal portions of rice shoots may be required for the outgrowth of rice tillers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miwa Ohashi
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aoba, Aramaki-Aza, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8572, Japan.
- Present Address: Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan.
| | - Keiki Ishiyama
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aoba, Aramaki-Aza, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8572, Japan
| | - Soichi Kojima
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aoba, Aramaki-Aza, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8572, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Konishi
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aoba, Aramaki-Aza, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8572, Japan
- Present Address: Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, 2-20-1 Chuo, Kurashiki, 710-0046, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Sasaki
- The University of Tokyo, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Institute of Sustainable Agro-ecosystem Services (ISAS), 1-1-1 Midori-cho, Nishitokyo, Tokyo, 188-0002, Japan
| | - Mitsue Miyao
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aoba, Aramaki-Aza, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8572, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Hayakawa
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aoba, Aramaki-Aza, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8572, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Yamaya
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aoba, Aramaki-Aza, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8572, Japan
- Present Address: Division for Interdisciplinary Advanced Research and Education, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki-Aza, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-0845, Japan
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24
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Clément G, Moison M, Soulay F, Reisdorf-Cren M, Masclaux-Daubresse C. Metabolomics of laminae and midvein during leaf senescence and source-sink metabolite management in Brassica napus L. leaves. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:891-903. [PMID: 28992054 PMCID: PMC5853214 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Leaf senescence is a long developmental process important for nutrient management and for source to sink remobilization. Constituents of the mesophyll cells are progressively degraded to provide nutrients to the rest of the plant. Up to now, studies on leaf senescence have not paid much attention to the role of the different leaf tissues. In the present study, we dissected leaf laminae from the midvein to perform metabolite profiling. The laminae mesophyll cells are the source of nutrients, and in C3 plants they contain Rubisco as the most important nitrogen storage pool. Veins, rich in vasculature, are the place where all the nutrients are translocated, and sometimes interconverted, before being exported through the phloem or the xylem. The different metabolic changes we observed in laminae and midvein with ageing support the idea that the senescence programme in these two tissues is different. Important accumulations of metabolites in the midvein suggest that nutrient translocations from source leaves to sinks are mainly controlled at this level. Carbon and nitrogen long-distance molecules such as fructose, glucose, aspartate, and asparagine were more abundant in the midvein than in laminae. In contrast, sucrose, glutamate, and aspartate were more abundant in laminae. The concentrations of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) compounds were also lower in the midvein than in laminae. Since nitrogen remobilization increased under low nitrate supply, plants were grown under two nitrate concentrations. The results revealed that the senescence-related differences were mostly similar under low and high nitrate conditions except for some pathways such as the TCA cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Clément
- INRA-AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, Versailles, France
| | - Michaël Moison
- INRA-AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, Versailles, France
| | - Fabienne Soulay
- INRA-AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, Versailles, France
| | - Michèle Reisdorf-Cren
- INRA-AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, Versailles, France
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25
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Huang W, Bai G, Wang J, Zhu W, Zeng Q, Lu K, Sun S, Fang Z. Two Splicing Variants of OsNPF7.7 Regulate Shoot Branching and Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency in Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:300. [PMID: 29568307 PMCID: PMC5852072 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Rice includes 93 nitrate and peptide transporters family (NPF) members that facilitate the soil uptake and internal reallocation of nitrogen for growth and development. This study demonstrated that OsNPF7.7 had two splicing variants, and altered expression of each variant could regulate shoot branching and nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUtE) in rice. The expression of both variants was down-regulated in the buds by increased nitrogen level in the Japonica rice variety ZH11. The expression level of long-variant OsNPF7.7-1 was higher in panicles at reproductive stage, however, the expression level of short-variant OsNPF7.7-2 was higher in buds and leaves at vegetative stage compared to each other in ZH11. OsNPF7.7-1 was localized in the plasma membrane, whereas OsNPF7.7-2 was localized in the vacuole membrane. Furthermore, the results indicated that the expression level of each variant for OsNPF7.7 determined axillary bud outgrowth, and then influenced the rice tiller number. Overexpression of OsNPF7.7-1 could promote nitrate influx and concentration in root, whereas overexpression of OsNPF7.7-2 could improve ammonium influx and concentration in root. RNAi and osnpf7.7 lines of OsNPF7.7 showed an increased amount of amino acids in leaf sheaths, but a decreased amount in leaf blades, which affected nitrogen allocation and plant growth. The elevated expression of each variant for OsNPF7.7 in ZH11 enhanced NUtE using certain fertilization regimes under paddy field conditions. Moreover, overexpression of each variant for OsNPF7.7 in KY131 increased significantly the filled grain number per plant. Thus, increased each variant of OsNPF7.7 has the potential to improve grain yield and NUtE in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiting Huang
- Center of Applied Biotechnology, Wuhan Institute of Bioengineering, Wuhan, China
| | - Genxiang Bai
- Center of Applied Biotechnology, Wuhan Institute of Bioengineering, Wuhan, China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Center of Applied Biotechnology, Wuhan Institute of Bioengineering, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Center of Applied Biotechnology, Wuhan Institute of Bioengineering, Wuhan, China
| | - Qisen Zeng
- Center of Applied Biotechnology, Wuhan Institute of Bioengineering, Wuhan, China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kai Lu
- Center of Applied Biotechnology, Wuhan Institute of Bioengineering, Wuhan, China
| | - Shiyong Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhongming Fang
- Center of Applied Biotechnology, Wuhan Institute of Bioengineering, Wuhan, China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Zhongming Fang, ;
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Yabuki Y, Ohashi M, Imagawa F, Ishiyama K, Beier MP, Konishi N, Umetsu-Ohashi T, Hayakawa T, Yamaya T, Kojima S. A temporal and spatial contribution of asparaginase to asparagine catabolism during development of rice grains. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2017; 10:3. [PMID: 28124210 PMCID: PMC5267587 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-017-0143-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asparagine is one of the most dominant organic nitrogen compounds in phloem and xylem sap in a wide range of plant species. Asparaginase (ASNase; EC, 3.5.1.1) catabolizes asparagine into aspartate and ammonium; therefore, it is suggested to play a key role in asparagine metabolism within legume sink organs. However, the metabolic fate of asparagine in source and sink organs during rice seed production remains to be elucidated. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to investigate the asparagine metabolism in a temporal and spatial manner during rice seed production. RESULTS For this purpose, the expression of genes involved in asparagine catabolism, such as asparaginase1 (OsASNase1) and 2 (OsASNase2), were quantitatively measured, and contents of asparagine, aspartate and ammonium ions were determined in sink and source organs during spikelet ripening. Quantitative real-time PCR and in situ localization studies determined that OsASNase2 is expressed in the dorsal vascular bundles and nucellar projection of developing grains, as well as in mesophyll and phloem companion cells of senescent flag leaves. Amino acid measurements revealed that the aspartate concentration is higher than asparagine in both source and sink organs. CONCLUSION This work suggests that asparaginase dependent asparagine catabolism occurred not only in sink but also in source organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yui Yabuki
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aoba, Aramaki, Sendai, 9800845 Japan
| | - Miwa Ohashi
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aoba, Aramaki, Sendai, 9800845 Japan
| | - Fumi Imagawa
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aoba, Aramaki, Sendai, 9800845 Japan
| | - Keiki Ishiyama
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aoba, Aramaki, Sendai, 9800845 Japan
| | - Marcel Pascal Beier
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aoba, Aramaki, Sendai, 9800845 Japan
| | - Noriyuki Konishi
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aoba, Aramaki, Sendai, 9800845 Japan
| | - Toshiko Umetsu-Ohashi
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aoba, Aramaki, Sendai, 9800845 Japan
| | - Toshihiko Hayakawa
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aoba, Aramaki, Sendai, 9800845 Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Yamaya
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aoba, Aramaki, Sendai, 9800845 Japan
| | - Soichi Kojima
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aoba, Aramaki, Sendai, 9800845 Japan
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Zhang Z, Xiong S, Wei Y, Meng X, Wang X, Ma X. The role of glutamine synthetase isozymes in enhancing nitrogen use efficiency of N-efficient winter wheat. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1000. [PMID: 28428629 PMCID: PMC5430530 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01071-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutamine synthetase (GS) isozymes play critical roles in nitrogen (N) metabolism. However, the exact relationship between GS and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) remain unclear. We have selected and compared two wheat cultivars, YM49 and XN509, which were identified as the N-efficient and N-inefficient genotypes, respectively. In this study, agronomical, morphological, physiological and biochemical approaches were performed. The results showed that TaGS1 was high expressed post-anthesis, and TaGS2 was highly expressed pre-anthesis in N-efficient genotype compared to N-inefficient genotype. GS1 and GS2 isozymes were also separated by native-PAGE and found that the spatial and temporal distribution of GS isozymes, their expression of gene and protein subunits in source-sink-flow organs during development periods triggered the pool strength and influenced the N flow. According to the physiological role of GS isozymes, we illustrated four metabolic regulation points, by which acting collaboratively in different organs, accelerating the transport of nutrients to the grain. It suggested that the regulation of GS isozymes may promote flow strength and enhance NUE by a complex C-N metabolic mechanism. The relative activity or amount of GS1 and GS2 isozymes could be a potential marker to predict and select wheat genotypes with enhanced NUE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- Key Laboratory of Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Improvement of Food Crops in HenanProvince, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Shuping Xiong
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- Key Laboratory of Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Improvement of Food Crops in HenanProvince, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Yihao Wei
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- Key Laboratory of Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Improvement of Food Crops in HenanProvince, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Xiaodan Meng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- Key Laboratory of Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Improvement of Food Crops in HenanProvince, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Xiaochun Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science, Henan Agriculture University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| | - Xinming Ma
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
- Key Laboratory of Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Improvement of Food Crops in HenanProvince, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
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Ohashi M, Ishiyama K, Kojima S, Kojima M, Sakakibara H, Yamaya T, Hayakawa T. Lack of Cytosolic Glutamine Synthetase1;2 Activity Reduces Nitrogen-Dependent Biosynthesis of Cytokinin Required for Axillary Bud Outgrowth in Rice Seedlings. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 58:679-690. [PMID: 28186255 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcx022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
A mutation abolishing cytosolic glutamine synthetase1;2 (GS1;2) activity impairs assimilation of ammonium into glutamine in both roots and basal portions of shoots, and severely decreases axillary bud outgrowth (tillering) in mutant rice seedlings. Although the gs1;2 mutant phenotype is independent of strigolactone, which inhibits tillering, it also demonstrates glutamine- or related metabolite-responsive biosynthesis of cytokinin (CK), which promotes tillering. Here, we examined the connection between GS1;2 and CK biosynthesis during tillering, focusing on basal portions of the shoots as well as apical and axillary bud meristems in the gs1;2 mutant. Despite a sufficient ammonium supply, decreases in precursor CK contents and a decrease in ammonium assimilation into glutamine were observed in basal portions of mutant shoots. Reintroducing expression of OsGS1;2 cDNA driven by its own promoter restored precursor CK contents and ammonium assimilation to wild-type levels. In basal portions of the shoots, glutamine-responsive adenosine phosphate-isopentenyltransferase4 (OsIPT4), which is also predominant in rice roots, was the predominant isogene for IPT, which synthesizes CK. Cell-specific expression of OsIPT4 in phloem companion cells in nodal vascular anastomoses connected to the axillary bud vasculature also decreased in the gs1;2 mutant. Expression of CK-responsive type-A response regulator genes as local indicators of active CKs was also abolished in the axillary bud meristem of the mutant. These results suggest that the lack of GS1;2 activity decreased levels of glutamine or a related metabolite required for CK biosynthesis, causing a deficiency in active CK in the axillary bud meristem necessary for tillering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miwa Ohashi
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai, Japan
| | - Keiki Ishiyama
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai, Japan
| | - Soichi Kojima
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mikiko Kojima
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Sakakibara
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Japan
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Yamaya
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai, Japan
- University Research Administration Center, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai, Japan
- Division for Interdisciplinary Advanced Research and Education, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Hayakawa
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai, Japan
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29
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Wang X, Wei Y, Shi L, Ma X, Theg SM. New isoforms and assembly of glutamine synthetase in the leaf of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:6827-34. [PMID: 26307137 PMCID: PMC4623691 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Glutamine synthetase (GS; EC 6.3.1.2) plays a crucial role in the assimilation and re-assimilation of ammonia derived from a wide variety of metabolic processes during plant growth and development. Here, three developmentally regulated isoforms of GS holoenzyme in the leaf of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings are described using native-PAGE with a transferase activity assay. The isoforms showed different mobilities in gels, with GSII>GSIII>GSI. The cytosolic GSI was composed of three subunits, GS1, GSr1, and GSr2, with the same molecular weight (39.2kDa), but different pI values. GSI appeared at leaf emergence and was active throughout the leaf lifespan. GSII and GSIII, both located in the chloroplast, were each composed of a single 42.1kDa subunit with different pI values. GSII was active mainly in green leaves, while GSIII showed brief but higher activity in green leaves grown under field conditions. LC-MS/MS experiments revealed that GSII and GSIII have the same amino acid sequence, but GSII has more modification sites. With a modified blue native electrophoresis (BNE) technique and in-gel catalytic activity analysis, only two GS isoforms were observed: one cytosolic and one chloroplastic. Mass calibrations on BNE gels showed that the cytosolic GS1 holoenzyme was ~490kDa and likely a dodecamer, and the chloroplastic GS2 holoenzyme was ~240kDa and likely a hexamer. Our experimental data suggest that the activity of GS isoforms in wheat is regulated by subcellular localization, assembly, and modification to achieve their roles during plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochun Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agriculture University, Zhengzhou 450002, China State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science in China, Henan Agriculture University, Zhengzhou 450002, China Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science, Henan Agriculture University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yihao Wei
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science, Henan Agriculture University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Lanxin Shi
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Xinming Ma
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agriculture University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Steven M Theg
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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30
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Yamada Y, Umehara M. Possible Roles of Strigolactones during Leaf Senescence. PLANTS 2015; 4:664-77. [PMID: 27135345 PMCID: PMC4844400 DOI: 10.3390/plants4030664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Leaf senescence is a complicated developmental process that involves degenerative changes and nutrient recycling. The progress of leaf senescence is controlled by various environmental cues and plant hormones, including ethylene, jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, abscisic acid, cytokinins, and strigolactones. The production of strigolactones is induced in response to nitrogen and phosphorous deficiency. Strigolactones also accelerate leaf senescence and regulate shoot branching and root architecture. Leaf senescence is actively promoted in a nutrient-poor soil environment, and nutrients are transported from old leaves to young tissues and seeds. Strigolactones might act as important signals in response to nutrient levels in the rhizosphere. In this review, we discuss the possible roles of strigolactones during leaf senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Yamada
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Izumino, Itakura-machi, Ora-gun, Gumma 374-0193, Japan.
| | - Mikihisa Umehara
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Izumino, Itakura-machi, Ora-gun, Gumma 374-0193, Japan.
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31
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Chao J, Chen Y, Wu S, Tian WM. Comparative transcriptome analysis of latex from rubber tree clone CATAS8-79 and PR107 reveals new cues for the regulation of latex regeneration and duration of latex flow. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 15:104. [PMID: 25928745 PMCID: PMC4410575 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-015-0488-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.) is the primarily commercial source of natural rubber in the world. Latex regeneration and duration of latex flow after tapping are the two factors that determine rubber yield of rubber tree, and exhibit a huge variation between rubber tree clones CATAS8-79 and PR107. RESULTS To dissect the molecular mechanism for the regulation of latex regeneration and duration of latex flow, we sequenced and comparatively analyzed latex of rubber tree clone CATAS8-79 and PR107 at transriptome level. More than 26 million clean reads were generated in each pool and 51,829 all-unigenes were totally assembled. A total of 6,726 unigenes with differential expression patterns were detected between CATAS8-79 and PR107. Functional analysis showed that genes related to mass of categories were differentially enriched between the two clones. Expression pattern of genes which were involved in latex regeneration and duration of latex flow upon successive tapping was analyzed by quantitative PCR. Several genes related to rubber biosynthesis, cellulose and lignin biosynthesis and rubber particle aggregation were differentially expressed between CATAS8-79 and PR107. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report about probing latex regeneration and duration of latex flow by comparative transcriptome analysis. Among all the suggested factors, it is more important that the level of endogenous jasmonates, carbohydrate metabolism, hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGR) and Hevea rubber transferase (HRT) in mevalonate (MVA) parthway for latex regeneration while the level of endogenous ethylene (ETH), lignin content of laticifer cell wall, antioxidants and glucanases for the duration of latex flow. These data will provide new cues for understanding the molecular mechanism for the regulation of latex regeneration and duration of latex flow in rubber tree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinquan Chao
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree/ State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Cultivation and Physiology for Tropical Crops, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, Hainan, 571737, PR China.
| | - Yueyi Chen
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree/ State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Cultivation and Physiology for Tropical Crops, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, Hainan, 571737, PR China.
| | - Shaohua Wu
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree/ State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Cultivation and Physiology for Tropical Crops, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, Hainan, 571737, PR China.
| | - Wei-Min Tian
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree/ State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Cultivation and Physiology for Tropical Crops, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, Hainan, 571737, PR China.
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32
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Ohashi M, Ishiyama K, Kojima S, Konishi N, Nakano K, Kanno K, Hayakawa T, Yamaya T. Asparagine synthetase1, but not asparagine synthetase2, is responsible for the biosynthesis of asparagine following the supply of ammonium to rice roots. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 56:769-78. [PMID: 25634963 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcv005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Asparagine is synthesized from glutamine by the reaction of asparagine synthetase (AS) and is the major nitrogen form in both xylem and phloem sap in rice (Oryza sativa L.). There are two genes encoding AS, OsAS1 and OsAS2, in rice, but the functions of individual AS isoenzymes are largely unknown. Cell type- and NH4(+)-inducible expression of OsAS1 as well as analyses of knockout mutants were carried out in this study to characterize AS1. OsAS1 was mainly expressed in the roots, with in situ hybridization showing that the corresponding mRNA was specifically accumulated in the three cell layers of the root surface (epidermis, exodermis and sclerenchyma) in an NH4(+)-dependent manner. Conversely, OsAS2 mRNA was abundant in leaf blades and sheathes of rice. Although OsAS2 mRNA was detectable in the roots, its content decreased when NH4(+) was supplied. Retrotransposon-mediated knockout mutants lacking AS1 showed slight stimulation of shoot length and slight reduction in root length at the seedling stage. On the other hand, the mutation caused an approximately 80-90% reduction in free asparagine content in both roots and xylem sap. These results suggest that AS1 is responsible for the synthesis of asparagine in rice roots following the supply of NH4(+). Characteristics of the NH4(+)-dependent increase and the root surface cell-specific expression of OsAS1 gene are very similar to our previous results on cytosolic glutamine synthetase1;2 and NADH-glutamate synthase1 in rice roots. Thus, AS1 is apparently coupled with the primary assimilation of NH4(+) in rice roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miwa Ohashi
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 1-1 Tsutsumidori-Amamiyamachi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 981-8555 Japan
| | - Keiki Ishiyama
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 1-1 Tsutsumidori-Amamiyamachi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 981-8555 Japan
| | - Soichi Kojima
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 1-1 Tsutsumidori-Amamiyamachi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 981-8555 Japan
| | - Noriyuki Konishi
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 1-1 Tsutsumidori-Amamiyamachi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 981-8555 Japan
| | - Kentaro Nakano
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 1-1 Tsutsumidori-Amamiyamachi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 981-8555 Japan Present address: Cambridge Technology Partners Co. Ltd., 1-1-1 Toyosu, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8560 Japan
| | - Keiichi Kanno
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 1-1 Tsutsumidori-Amamiyamachi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 981-8555 Japan
| | - Toshihiko Hayakawa
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 1-1 Tsutsumidori-Amamiyamachi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 981-8555 Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Yamaya
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 1-1 Tsutsumidori-Amamiyamachi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 981-8555 Japan
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