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Wang C, Liu X, Hu X, Wu T, Duan R. Therapeutic targeting of GDF11 in muscle atrophy: Insights and strategies. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 279:135321. [PMID: 39236952 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
The exploration of novel therapeutic avenues for skeletal muscle atrophy is imperative due to its significant health impact. Recent studies have spotlighted growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11), a TGFβ superfamily member, for its rejuvenating role in reversing age-related tissue dysfunction. This review synthesizes current findings on GDF11, elucidating its distinct biological functions and the ongoing debates regarding its efficacy in muscle homeostasis. By addressing discrepancies in current research outcomes and its ambiguous role due to its homological identity to myostatin, a negative regulator of muscle mass, this review aims to clarify the role of GDF11 in muscle homeostasis and its potential as a therapeutic target for muscle atrophy. Through a thorough examination of GDF11's mechanisms and effects, this review provides insights that could pave the way for innovative treatments for muscle atrophy, emphasizing the need and strategies to boost endogenous GDF11 levels for therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanzhi Wang
- Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Sports Science, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaocao Liu
- Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Sports Science, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xilong Hu
- Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Sports Science, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Sports Science, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Duan
- Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Sports Science, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.
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Bolado-Carrancio A, Tapia O, Rodríguez-Rey JC. Ubiquitination Insight from Spinal Muscular Atrophy-From Pathogenesis to Therapy: A Muscle Perspective. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8800. [PMID: 39201486 PMCID: PMC11354275 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 08/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is one of the most frequent causes of death in childhood. The disease's molecular basis is deletion or mutations in the SMN1 gene, which produces reduced survival motor neuron protein (SMN) levels. As a result, there is spinal motor neuron degeneration and a large increase in muscle atrophy, in which the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) plays a significant role. In humans, a paralogue of SMN1, SMN2 encodes the truncated protein SMNΔ7. Structural differences between SMN and SMNΔ7 affect the interaction of the proteins with UPS and decrease the stability of the truncated protein. SMN loss affects the general ubiquitination process by lowering the levels of UBA1, one of the main enzymes in the ubiquitination process. We discuss how SMN loss affects both SMN stability and the general ubiquitination process, and how the proteins involved in ubiquitination could be used as future targets for SMA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Bolado-Carrancio
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cantabria-and Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011 Santander, Spain;
| | - Olga Tapia
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas, Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas, Universidad de la Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Spain
| | - José C. Rodríguez-Rey
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cantabria-and Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011 Santander, Spain;
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Yang S, Xiong L, Yang G, Xiang J, Li L, Kang L, Liang Z. KLF13 restrains Dll4-muscular Notch2 axis to improve the muscle atrophy. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2024. [PMID: 38973459 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Muscle atrophy can cause muscle dysfunction and weakness. Krüppel-like factor 13 (KLF13), a central regulator of cellular energy metabolism, is highly expressed in skeletal muscles and implicated in the pathogenesis of several diseases. This study investigated the role of KLF13 in muscle atrophy, which could be a novel therapeutic target. METHODS The effects of gene knockdown and pharmacological targeting of KLF13 on skeletal muscle atrophy were investigated using cell-based and animal models. Clofoctol, an antibiotic and KLF13 agonist, was also investigated as a candidate for repurposing. The mechanisms related to skeletal muscle atrophy were assessed by measuring the expression levels and activation statuses of key regulatory pathways and validated using gene knockdown and RNA sequencing. RESULTS In a dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy mouse model, the KLF13 knockout group had decreased muscle strength (N) (1.77 ± 0.10 vs. 1.48 ± 0.16, P < 0.01), muscle weight (%) [gastrocnemius (Gas): 76.0 ± 5.69 vs. 60.7 ± 7.23, P < 0.001; tibialis anterior (TA): 75.8 ± 6.21 vs. 67.5 ± 5.01, P < 0.05], and exhaustive running distance (m) (495.5 ± 64.8 vs. 315.5 ± 60.9, P < 0.05) compared with the control group. KLF13 overexpression preserved muscle mass (Gas: 100 ± 6.38 vs. 120 ± 14.4, P < 0.01) and the exhaustive running distance (423.8 ± 59.04 vs. 530.2 ± 77.45, P < 0.05) in an in vivo diabetes-induced skeletal muscle atrophy model. Clofoctol treatment protected against dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy. Myotubes treated with dexamethasone, an atrophy-inducing glucocorticoid, were aggravated by KLF13 knockout, but anti-atrophic effects were achieved by inducing KLF13 overexpression. We performed a transcriptome analysis and luciferase reporter assays to further explore this mechanism, finding that delta-like 4 (Dll4) was a novel target gene of KLF13. The KLF13 transcript repressed Dll4, inhibiting the Dll4-Notch2 axis and preventing muscle atrophy. Dexamethasone inhibited KLF13 expression by inhibiting myogenic differentiation 1 (i.e., MYOD1)-mediated KLF13 transcriptional activation and promoting F-Box and WD repeat domain containing 7 (i.e., FBXW7)-mediated KLF13 ubiquitination. CONCLUSIONS This study sheds new light on the mechanisms underlying skeletal muscle atrophy and potential drug targets. KLF13 regulates muscle atrophy and is a potential therapeutic target. Clofoctol is an attractive compound for repurposing studies to treat skeletal muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Yang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, China
| | - Lijiao Xiong
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, China
| | - Guangyan Yang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiaqing Xiang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, China
| | - Lixing Li
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, China
| | - Lin Kang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, China
- The Biobank of National Innovation Center for Advanced Medical Devices, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhen Liang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, China
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Stouth DW, vanLieshout TL, Mikhail AI, Ng SY, Raziee R, Edgett BA, Vasam G, Webb EK, Gilotra KS, Markou M, Pineda HC, Bettencourt-Mora BG, Noor H, Moll Z, Bittner ME, Gurd BJ, Menzies KJ, Ljubicic V. CARM1 drives mitophagy and autophagy flux during fasting-induced skeletal muscle atrophy. Autophagy 2024; 20:1247-1269. [PMID: 38018843 PMCID: PMC11210918 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2288528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
CARM1 (coactivator associated arginine methyltransferase 1) has recently emerged as a powerful regulator of skeletal muscle biology. However, the molecular mechanisms by which the methyltransferase remodels muscle remain to be fully understood. In this study, carm1 skeletal muscle-specific knockout (mKO) mice exhibited lower muscle mass with dysregulated macroautophagic/autophagic and atrophic signaling, including depressed AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) site-specific phosphorylation of ULK1 (unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1; Ser555) and FOXO3 (forkhead box O3; Ser588), as well as MTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase)-induced inhibition of ULK1 (Ser757), along with AKT/protein kinase B site-specific suppression of FOXO1 (Ser256) and FOXO3 (Ser253). In addition to lower mitophagy and autophagy flux in skeletal muscle, carm1 mKO led to increased mitochondrial PRKN/parkin accumulation, which suggests that CARM1 is required for basal mitochondrial turnover and autophagic clearance. carm1 deletion also elicited PPARGC1A (PPARG coactivator 1 alpha) activity and a slower, more oxidative muscle phenotype. As such, these carm1 mKO-evoked adaptations disrupted mitophagy and autophagy induction during food deprivation and collectively served to mitigate fasting-induced muscle atrophy. Furthermore, at the threshold of muscle atrophy during food deprivation experiments in humans, skeletal muscle CARM1 activity decreased similarly to our observations in mice, and was accompanied by site-specific activation of ULK1 (Ser757), highlighting the translational impact of the methyltransferase in human skeletal muscle. Taken together, our results indicate that CARM1 governs mitophagic, autophagic, and atrophic processes fundamental to the maintenance and remodeling of muscle mass. Targeting the enzyme may provide new therapeutic approaches for mitigating skeletal muscle atrophy.Abbreviation: ADMA: asymmetric dimethylarginine; AKT/protein kinase B: AKT serine/threonine kinase; AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; ATG: autophagy related; BECN1: beclin 1; BNIP3: BCL2 interacting protein 3; CARM1: coactivator associated arginine methyltransferase 1; Col: colchicine; CSA: cross-sectional area; CTNS: cystinosin, lysosomal cystine transporter; EDL: extensor digitorum longus; FBXO32/MAFbx: F-box protein 32; FOXO: forkhead box O; GAST: gastrocnemius; H2O2: hydrogen peroxide; IMF: intermyofibrillar; LAMP1: lysosomal associated membrane protein 1; MAP1LC3B: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; mKO: skeletal muscle-specific knockout; MMA: monomethylarginine; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; MYH: myosin heavy chain; NFE2L2/NRF2: NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2; OXPHOS: oxidative phosphorylation; PABPC1/PABP1: poly(A) binding protein cytoplasmic 1; PPARGC1A/PGC-1α: PPARG coactivator 1 alpha; PRKN/parkin: parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin protein ligase; PRMT: protein arginine methyltransferase; Sal: saline; SDMA: symmetric dimethylarginine; SIRT1: sirtuin 1; SKP2: S-phase kinase associated protein 2; SMARCC1/BAF155: SWI/SNF related, matrix associated, actin dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily c member 1; SOL: soleus; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; SS: subsarcolemmal; TA: tibialis anterior; TFAM: transcription factor A, mitochondrial; TFEB: transcription factor EB; TOMM20: translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 20; TRIM63/MuRF1: tripartite motif containing 63; ULK1: unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1; VPS11: VPS11 core subunit of CORVET and HOPS complexes; WT: wild-type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek W. Stouth
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Andrew I. Mikhail
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sean Y. Ng
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rozhin Raziee
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brittany A. Edgett
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Goutham Vasam
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Erin K. Webb
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kevin S. Gilotra
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matthew Markou
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hannah C. Pineda
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Haleema Noor
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zachary Moll
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Megan E. Bittner
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brendon J. Gurd
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Keir J. Menzies
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology and the Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vladimir Ljubicic
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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5
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Masiero G, Ferrarese G, Perazzolo E, Baraldo M, Nogara L, Tezze C. Custom-made 3D-printed boot as a model of disuse-induced atrophy in murine skeletal muscle. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0304380. [PMID: 38820523 PMCID: PMC11142711 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle atrophy is characterized by a decrease in muscle mass and strength caused by an imbalance in protein synthesis and degradation. This process naturally occurs upon reduced or absent physical activity, often related to illness, forced bed rest, or unhealthy lifestyles. Currently, no treatment is available for atrophy, and it can only be prevented by overloading exercise, causing severe problems for patients who cannot exercise due to chronic diseases, disabilities, or being bedridden. The two murine models commonly used to induce muscle atrophy are hindlimb suspension and ankle joint immobilization, both of which come with criticalities. The lack of treatments and the relevance of this atrophic process require a unilateral, safe, and robust model to induce muscle atrophy. In this work, we designed and developed a 3D-printed cast to be used for the study of disuse skeletal muscle atrophy. Applying two halves of the cast is non-invasive, producing little to no swelling or skin damage. The application of the cast induces, in 2-weeks immobilized leg, the activation of atrophy-related genes, causing a muscle weight loss up to 25% in the gastrocnemius muscle, and 31% in the soleus muscle of the immobilized leg compared to the control leg. The cross-sectional area of the fibers is decreased by 31% and 34% respectively, with a peculiar effect on fiber types. In the immobilized gastrocnemius, absolute muscle force is reduced by 38%, while normalized force is reduced by 16%. The contralateral leg did not show signs of overload or hypertrophy when compared to free roaming littermates, offering a good internal control over the immobilized limb. Upon removing the cast, the mice effectively recovered mass and force in 3 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Masiero
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Giulia Ferrarese
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Eleonora Perazzolo
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Leonardo Nogara
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Caterina Tezze
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
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6
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Heitman K, Alexander MS, Faul C. Skeletal Muscle Injury in Chronic Kidney Disease-From Histologic Changes to Molecular Mechanisms and to Novel Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5117. [PMID: 38791164 PMCID: PMC11121428 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with significant reductions in lean body mass and in the mass of various tissues, including skeletal muscle, which causes fatigue and contributes to high mortality rates. In CKD, the cellular protein turnover is imbalanced, with protein degradation outweighing protein synthesis, leading to a loss of protein and cell mass, which impairs tissue function. As CKD itself, skeletal muscle wasting, or sarcopenia, can have various origins and causes, and both CKD and sarcopenia share common risk factors, such as diabetes, obesity, and age. While these pathologies together with reduced physical performance and malnutrition contribute to muscle loss, they cannot explain all features of CKD-associated sarcopenia. Metabolic acidosis, systemic inflammation, insulin resistance and the accumulation of uremic toxins have been identified as additional factors that occur in CKD and that can contribute to sarcopenia. Here, we discuss the elevation of systemic phosphate levels, also called hyperphosphatemia, and the imbalance in the endocrine regulators of phosphate metabolism as another CKD-associated pathology that can directly and indirectly harm skeletal muscle tissue. To identify causes, affected cell types, and the mechanisms of sarcopenia and thereby novel targets for therapeutic interventions, it is important to first characterize the precise pathologic changes on molecular, cellular, and histologic levels, and to do so in CKD patients as well as in animal models of CKD, which we describe here in detail. We also discuss the currently known pathomechanisms and therapeutic approaches of CKD-associated sarcopenia, as well as the effects of hyperphosphatemia and the novel drug targets it could provide to protect skeletal muscle in CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kylie Heitman
- Division of Nephrology and Section of Mineral Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
| | - Matthew S. Alexander
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham and Children’s of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Department of Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Civitan International Research Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Christian Faul
- Division of Nephrology and Section of Mineral Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
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7
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Rodrigues PS, Mendonça FM, Neves JS, Luís C, Rodrigues I, Moreno T, Festas D, Pedro J, Varela A, Fernandes A, Costa EL, Freitas P. Effects of Bariatric Surgery on Sarcopenic Obesity Outcomes: A One-Year Prospective Study in Middle-Aged Women. Obes Surg 2024; 34:1674-1683. [PMID: 38523172 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-024-07164-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sarcopenic obesity (SO) is characterised by the confluence of muscle deterioration and high adiposity. When non-surgical interventions prove insufficient, bariatric surgery (BS) becomes the primary approach. This study aimed to address BS effects on SO outcomes 1 year post-surgery among middle-aged women, also considering physical exercise's impact. METHODS Prospective single-centre study of 140 patients who underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass or sleeve gastrectomy between November 2019 and December 2022. Participants were categorised into tertiles according to SO's diagnosis and severity (group 1-patients with the most severe SO; group 2-intermediate; group 3-the least severe or without SO), calculated considering the consensus issued by ESPEN and EASO in 2022. Evaluations of clinical and biochemical parameters were conducted before and 12 months after BS, and the variation was used for comparative purposes. Body composition was assessed using bone density scans. Linear regression analysis accounted for both surgery type and baseline body mass index (BMI). RESULTS Before BS, SO prevalence in the overall sample was 89.3%, decreasing to 2.9% after BS. Group 1 had more body fat mass (56.9 vs 54.8 vs 50.7 kg, p < 0.001), total, trunk and leg fat at baseline and a significantly lower total skeletal muscle mass (47.2 vs 49.4 vs 51.8 kg, p < 0.001). One year post-BS, group 1 presented more weight loss (- 39.8 ± 11.4 kg, p = 0.031), BMI reduction (- 15.9 ± 4.6 kg/m2, p = 0.005) and lost more fat mass (- 32.6 vs - 30.5 vs - 27.9 kg, p = 0.005), but not total skeletal muscle mass (- 5.8 vs - 5.9 vs - 6.8 kg, p = 0.130). Remission rates for comorbidities were substantial among all groups, but more marked among patients within group 1 (type 2 diabetes mellitus 75%, hypertension 47.1% and dyslipidemia 52.8%). Engagement in physical exercise of any kind has increased post-BS (33.1% vs 79.1%). CONCLUSION Despite concerns about malabsorptive mechanisms potentially worsening muscle loss, patients with the most severe SO undergoing BS lost more fat mass while experiencing the smallest reduction in total skeletal muscle mass. Remission rates for comorbidities following BS were notable among all groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietra S Rodrigues
- Biochemistry Unit, Biomedicine Department, FMUP-Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-450, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando M Mendonça
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Service, São João Hospital and University Centre, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal.
- CRIO group (Centro de Responsabilidade Integrada de Obesidade), São João Hospital and University Centre, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal.
| | - João S Neves
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Service, São João Hospital and University Centre, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
- Cardiovascular Research and Development Center, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Luís
- Biochemistry Unit, Biomedicine Department, FMUP-Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-450, Porto, Portugal
- i3S (Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ilda Rodrigues
- Biochemistry Unit, Biomedicine Department, FMUP-Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-450, Porto, Portugal
| | - Telma Moreno
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Service, São João Hospital and University Centre, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
| | - Diana Festas
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Service, São João Hospital and University Centre, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
- CRIO group (Centro de Responsabilidade Integrada de Obesidade), São João Hospital and University Centre, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge Pedro
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Service, São João Hospital and University Centre, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
- CRIO group (Centro de Responsabilidade Integrada de Obesidade), São João Hospital and University Centre, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Varela
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Service, São João Hospital and University Centre, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
- CRIO group (Centro de Responsabilidade Integrada de Obesidade), São João Hospital and University Centre, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Fernandes
- Nuclear Medicine Department, São João Hospital and University Centre, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
- CINTESIS.UFP@RISE (Centro de Investigação em Tecnologias e Serviços de Saúde, Rede de Investigação em Saúde), Universidade Fernando Pessoa, 4249-004, Porto, Portugal
| | - Eduardo L Costa
- CRIO group (Centro de Responsabilidade Integrada de Obesidade), São João Hospital and University Centre, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Freitas
- CRIO group (Centro de Responsabilidade Integrada de Obesidade), São João Hospital and University Centre, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
- i3S (Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
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8
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Domaniku-Waraich A, Agca S, Toledo B, Sucuoglu M, Özen SD, Bilgic SN, Arabaci DH, Kashgari AE, Kir S. Oncostatin M signaling drives cancer-associated skeletal muscle wasting. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101498. [PMID: 38569555 PMCID: PMC11031427 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Progressive weakness and muscle loss are associated with multiple chronic conditions, including muscular dystrophy and cancer. Cancer-associated cachexia, characterized by dramatic weight loss and fatigue, leads to reduced quality of life and poor survival. Inflammatory cytokines have been implicated in muscle atrophy; however, available anticytokine therapies failed to prevent muscle wasting in cancer patients. Here, we show that oncostatin M (OSM) is a potent inducer of muscle atrophy. OSM triggers cellular atrophy in primary myotubes using the JAK/STAT3 pathway. Identification of OSM targets by RNA sequencing reveals the induction of various muscle atrophy-related genes, including Atrogin1. OSM overexpression in mice causes muscle wasting, whereas muscle-specific deletion of the OSM receptor (OSMR) and the neutralization of circulating OSM preserves muscle mass and function in tumor-bearing mice. Our results indicate that activated OSM/OSMR signaling drives muscle atrophy, and the therapeutic targeting of this pathway may be useful in preventing muscle wasting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samet Agca
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koc University, Istanbul 34450, Turkiye
| | - Batu Toledo
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koc University, Istanbul 34450, Turkiye
| | - Melis Sucuoglu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koc University, Istanbul 34450, Turkiye
| | - Sevgi Döndü Özen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koc University, Istanbul 34450, Turkiye
| | - Sevval Nur Bilgic
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koc University, Istanbul 34450, Turkiye
| | - Dilsad Hilal Arabaci
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koc University, Istanbul 34450, Turkiye
| | - Aynur Erkin Kashgari
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koc University, Istanbul 34450, Turkiye
| | - Serkan Kir
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koc University, Istanbul 34450, Turkiye.
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9
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Sergeeva KV, Tyganov SA, Zaripova KA, Bokov RO, Nikitina LV, Konstantinova TS, Kalamkarov GR, Shenkman BS. Mechanical and signaling responses of unloaded rat soleus muscle to chronically elevated β-myosin activity. Arch Biochem Biophys 2024; 754:109961. [PMID: 38492659 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2024.109961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
It has been reported that muscle functional unloading is accompanied by an increase in motoneuronal excitability despite the elimination of afferent input. Thus, we hypothesized that pharmacological potentiation of spontaneous contractile soleus muscle activity during hindlimb unloading could activate anabolic signaling pathways and prevent the loss of muscle mass and strength. To investigate these aspects and underlying molecular mechanisms, we used β-myosin allosteric effector Omecamtiv Mekarbil (OM). We found that OM partially prevented the loss of isometric strength and intrinsic stiffness of the soleus muscle after two weeks of disuse. Notably, OM was able to attenuate the unloading-induced decrease in the rate of muscle protein synthesis (MPS). At the same time, the use of drug neither prevented the reduction in the markers of translational capacity (18S and 28S rRNA) nor activation of the ubiquitin-proteosomal system, which is evidenced by a decrease in the cross-sectional area of fast and slow muscle fibers. These results suggest that chemically-induced increase in low-intensity spontaneous contractions of the soleus muscle during functional unloading creates prerequisites for protein synthesis. At the same time, it should be assumed that the use of OM is advisable with pharmacological drugs that inhibit the expression of ubiquitin ligases.
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Affiliation(s)
- K V Sergeeva
- Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
| | - S A Tyganov
- Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - K A Zaripova
- Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - R O Bokov
- Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - L V Nikitina
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - T S Konstantinova
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - G R Kalamkarov
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - B S Shenkman
- Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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10
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Olthof MGL, Hasler A, Valdivieso P, Flück M, Gerber C, Gehrke R, Klein K, von Rechenberg B, Snedeker JG, Wieser K. Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerases-Inhibitor Talazoparib Inhibits Muscle Atrophy and Fatty Infiltration in a Tendon Release Infraspinatus Sheep Model: A Pilot Study. Metabolites 2024; 14:187. [PMID: 38668315 PMCID: PMC11051840 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14040187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Structural muscle changes, including muscle atrophy and fatty infiltration, follow rotator cuff tendon tear and are associated with a high repair failure rate. Despite extensive research efforts, no pharmacological therapy is available to successfully prevent both muscle atrophy and fatty infiltration after tenotomy of tendomuscular unit without surgical repair. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) are identified as a key transcription factors involved in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. PARP inhibitors have been shown to influence muscle degeneration, including mitochondrial hemostasis, oxidative stress, inflammation and metabolic activity, and reduced degenerative changes in a knockout mouse model. Tenotomized infraspinatus were assessed for muscle degeneration for 16 weeks using a Swiss Alpine sheep model (n = 6). All sheep received daily oral administration of 0.5 mg Talazoparib. Due to animal ethics, the treatment group was compared with three different controls from prior studies of our institution. To mitigate potential batch heterogeneity, PARP-I was evaluated in comparison with three distinct control groups (n = 6 per control group) using the same protocol without treatment. The control sheep were treated with an identical study protocol without Talazoparib treatment. Muscle atrophy and fatty infiltration were evaluated at 0, 6 and 16 weeks post-tenotomy using DIXON-MRI. The controls and PARP-I showed a significant (control p < 0.001, PARP-I p = 0.01) decrease in muscle volume after 6 weeks. However, significantly less (p = 0.01) atrophy was observed in PARP-I after 6 weeks (control 1: 76.6 ± 8.7%; control 2: 80.3 ± 9.3%, control 3: 73.8 ± 6.7% vs. PARP-I: 90.8 ± 5.1% of the original volume) and 16 weeks (control 1: 75.7 ± 9.9; control 2: 74.2 ± 5.6%; control 3: 75.3 ± 7.4% vs. PARP-I 93.3 ± 10.6% of the original volume). All experimental groups exhibited a statistically significant (p < 0.001) augmentation in fatty infiltration following a 16-week period when compared to the initial timepoint. However, the PARP-I showed significantly less fatty infiltration (p < 0.003) compared to all controls (control 1: 55.6 ± 6.7%, control 2: 53.4 ± 9.4%, control 3: 52.0 ± 12.8% vs. PARP-I: 33.5 ± 8.4%). Finally, a significantly (p < 0.04) higher proportion and size of fast myosin heavy chain-II fiber type was observed in the treatment group. This study shows that PARP-inhibition with Talazoparib inhibits the progression of both muscle atrophy and fatty infiltration over 16 weeks in retracted sheep musculotendinous units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurits G. L. Olthof
- Department of Orthopaedics, Balgrist, University of Zurich, Forchstrasse 340, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland; (A.H.); (C.G.); (J.G.S.); (K.W.)
| | - Anita Hasler
- Department of Orthopaedics, Balgrist, University of Zurich, Forchstrasse 340, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland; (A.H.); (C.G.); (J.G.S.); (K.W.)
| | - Paola Valdivieso
- Laboratory for Muscle Plasticity, Department of Orthopedics, Balgrist Campus, University of Zurich, Forchstrasse 340, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland; (P.V.); (M.F.)
| | - Martin Flück
- Laboratory for Muscle Plasticity, Department of Orthopedics, Balgrist Campus, University of Zurich, Forchstrasse 340, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland; (P.V.); (M.F.)
| | - Christian Gerber
- Department of Orthopaedics, Balgrist, University of Zurich, Forchstrasse 340, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland; (A.H.); (C.G.); (J.G.S.); (K.W.)
| | - Rieke Gehrke
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, Equine Department, Vetsuisse Faculty, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; (R.G.); (K.K.); (B.v.R.)
| | - Karina Klein
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, Equine Department, Vetsuisse Faculty, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; (R.G.); (K.K.); (B.v.R.)
| | - Brigitte von Rechenberg
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, Equine Department, Vetsuisse Faculty, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; (R.G.); (K.K.); (B.v.R.)
| | - Jess G. Snedeker
- Department of Orthopaedics, Balgrist, University of Zurich, Forchstrasse 340, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland; (A.H.); (C.G.); (J.G.S.); (K.W.)
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Gloriastrasse 37/39, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Karl Wieser
- Department of Orthopaedics, Balgrist, University of Zurich, Forchstrasse 340, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland; (A.H.); (C.G.); (J.G.S.); (K.W.)
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11
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Miura T, Kouzu H, Tanno M, Tatekoshi Y, Kuno A. Role of AMP deaminase in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Mol Cell Biochem 2024:10.1007/s11010-024-04951-z. [PMID: 38386218 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-024-04951-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is one of the major causes of ischemic and nonischemic heart failure. While hypertension and coronary artery disease are frequent comorbidities in patients with diabetes, cardiac contractile dysfunction and remodeling occur in diabetic patients even without comorbidities, which is referred to as diabetic cardiomyopathy. Investigations in recent decades have demonstrated that the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), impaired handling of intracellular Ca2+, and alterations in energy metabolism are involved in the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy. AMP deaminase (AMPD) directly regulates adenine nucleotide metabolism and energy transfer by adenylate kinase and indirectly modulates xanthine oxidoreductase-mediated pathways and AMP-activated protein kinase-mediated signaling. Upregulation of AMPD in diabetic hearts was first reported more than 30 years ago, and subsequent studies showed similar upregulation in the liver and skeletal muscle. Evidence for the roles of AMPD in diabetes-induced fatty liver, sarcopenia, and heart failure has been accumulating. A series of our recent studies showed that AMPD localizes in the mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membrane as well as the sarcoplasmic reticulum and cytosol and participates in the regulation of mitochondrial Ca2+ and suggested that upregulated AMPD contributes to contractile dysfunction in diabetic cardiomyopathy via increased generation of ROS, adenine nucleotide depletion, and impaired mitochondrial respiration. The detrimental effects of AMPD were manifested at times of increased cardiac workload by pressure loading. In this review, we briefly summarize the expression and functions of AMPD in the heart and discuss the roles of AMPD in diabetic cardiomyopathy, mainly focusing on contractile dysfunction caused by this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuji Miura
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University of Science, 15-4-1, Maeda-7, Teine-Ku, Sapporo, 006-8585, Japan.
| | - Hidemichi Kouzu
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masaya Tanno
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
- Department of Nursing, Sapporo Medical University School of Health Sciences, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuki Tatekoshi
- Department of Pharmacology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kuno
- Department of Pharmacology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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12
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Petry ÉR, Dresch DDF, Carvalho C, Medeiros PC, Rosa TG, de Oliveira CM, Martins LAM, Guma FCR, Marroni NP, Wannmacher CMD. Oral glutamine supplementation relieves muscle loss in immobilized rats, altering p38MAPK and FOXO3a signaling pathways. Nutrition 2024; 118:112273. [PMID: 38096603 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2023.112273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skeletal muscle synthesizes, stores, and releases body L-glutamine (GLN). Muscle atrophy due to disabling diseases triggers the activation of proteolytic and pro-apoptotic cell signaling, thus impairing the body's capacity to manage GLN content. This situation has a poor therapeutic prognosis. OBJECTIVE Evaluating if oral GLN supplementation can attenuate muscle wasting mediated by elevated plasma cortisol and activation of caspase-3, p38MAPK, and FOXO3a signaling pathways in soleus and gastrocnemius muscles of rats submitted to 14-day bilateral hindlimbs immobilization. METHODS Animals were randomly distributed into six groups: non-immobilized rats (Control), control orally supplemented with GLN (1 g kg-1) in solution with L-alanine (ALA: 0.61 g kg-1; GLN+ALA), control orally supplemented with dipeptide L-alanyl-L-glutamine (DIP; 1.49 g kg-1), hindlimbs immobilized rats (IMOB), IMOB orally GLN+ALA supplemented (GLN+ALA-IMOB), and IMOB orally DIP supplemented (DIP-IMOB). Plasma and muscle GLN concentration, plasma cortisol level, muscle caspase-3 activity, muscle p38MAPK and FOXO3a protein content (total and phosphorylated forms), and muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) were measured. RESULTS Compared to controls, IMOB rats presented: a) increased plasma cortisol levels; b) decreased plasma and muscle GLN concentration; c) increased muscle caspase-3 activity; d) increased total and phosphorylated p38MAPK protein content; e) increased FOXO3a and decreased phosphorylated FOXO3a protein content; f) reduced muscle weight and CSA befitting to atrophy. Oral supplementation with GLN+ALA and DIP was able to significantly attenuate these effects. CONCLUSIONS These findings attest that oral GLN supplementation in GLN+ALA solution or DIP forms attenuates rats' skeletal muscle mass wasting caused by disuse-mediated muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éder Ricardo Petry
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, College of Medicine, Penn State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA; Post-Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry, ICBS, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Diego de Freitas Dresch
- Post-Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Clarice Carvalho
- Post-Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Patricia Calçada Medeiros
- Post-Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Gomes Rosa
- Post-Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Faculdades Integradas de Taquara (FACCAT), Taquara, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Cleverson Morais de Oliveira
- Post-Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry, ICBS, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Leo Anderson Meira Martins
- Laboratory of Endocrine and Tumor Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fátima Costa Rodrigues Guma
- Post-Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry, ICBS, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Norma Possas Marroni
- Post-Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Department of Physiology, ICBS, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program in Medicine: Medical Sciences, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Laboratory of Pulmonological Sciences: Inflammation, Experimental Research Center, Clinical Hospital of Porto Alegre (HCPA), UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Clóvis Milton Duval Wannmacher
- Post-Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry, ICBS, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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13
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Jaime D, Fish LA, Madigan LA, Xi C, Piccoli G, Ewing MD, Blaauw B, Fallon JR. The MuSK-BMP pathway maintains myofiber size in slow muscle through regulation of Akt-mTOR signaling. Skelet Muscle 2024; 14:1. [PMID: 38172960 PMCID: PMC10763067 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-023-00329-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Myofiber size regulation is critical in health, disease, and aging. MuSK (muscle-specific kinase) is a BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) co-receptor that promotes and shapes BMP signaling. MuSK is expressed at all neuromuscular junctions and is also present extrasynaptically in the mouse soleus, whose predominantly oxidative fiber composition is akin to that of human muscle. To investigate the role of the MuSK-BMP pathway in vivo, we generated mice lacking the BMP-binding MuSK Ig3 domain. These ∆Ig3-MuSK mice are viable and fertile with innervation levels comparable to wild type. In 3-month-old mice, myofibers are smaller in the slow soleus, but not in the fast tibialis anterior (TA). Transcriptomic analysis revealed soleus-selective decreases in RNA metabolism and protein synthesis pathways as well as dysregulation of IGF1-Akt-mTOR pathway components. Biochemical analysis showed that Akt-mTOR signaling is reduced in soleus but not TA. We propose that the MuSK-BMP pathway acts extrasynaptically to maintain myofiber size in slow muscle by promoting protein synthetic pathways including IGF1-Akt-mTOR signaling. These results reveal a novel mechanism for regulating myofiber size in slow muscle and introduce the MuSK-BMP pathway as a target for promoting muscle growth and combatting atrophy.
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Grants
- R41 AG073144 NIA NIH HHS
- T32 MH020068 NIMH NIH HHS
- U01 NS064295, R41 AG073144, R21 NS112743, R21 AG073743, P30 GM103410, P30 RR031153, P20 RR018728, S10 RR02763, R25GM083270, 2T32AG041688, and T32 MH20068 NIH HHS
- P30 GM103410 NIGMS NIH HHS
- T32 AG041688 NIA NIH HHS
- P30 RR031153 NCRR NIH HHS
- U01 NS064295 NINDS NIH HHS
- R21 NS112743 NINDS NIH HHS
- P20 RR018728 NCRR NIH HHS
- R21 AG073743 NIA NIH HHS
- R25 GM083270 NIGMS NIH HHS
- National Institutes of Health
- Carney Institute for Brain Sciences
- ALS Finding a Cure
- AFM-Téléthon
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Jaime
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Lauren A Fish
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Laura A Madigan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Chengjie Xi
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Giorgia Piccoli
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padua, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Madison D Ewing
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Bert Blaauw
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padua, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Justin R Fallon
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA.
- Carney Institute for Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
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14
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Gellhaus B, Böker KO, Schilling AF, Saul D. Therapeutic Consequences of Targeting the IGF-1/PI3K/AKT/FOXO3 Axis in Sarcopenia: A Narrative Review. Cells 2023; 12:2787. [PMID: 38132107 PMCID: PMC10741475 DOI: 10.3390/cells12242787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The high prevalence of sarcopenia in an aging population has an underestimated impact on quality of life by increasing the risk of falls and subsequent hospitalization. Unfortunately, the application of the major established key therapeutic-physical activity-is challenging in the immobile and injured sarcopenic patient. Consequently, novel therapeutic directions are needed. The transcription factor Forkhead-Box-Protein O3 (FOXO3) may be an option, as it and its targets have been observed to be more highly expressed in sarcopenic muscle. In such catabolic situations, Foxo3 induces the expression of two muscle specific ubiquitin ligases (Atrogin-1 and Murf-1) via the PI3K/AKT pathway. In this review, we particularly evaluate the potential of Foxo3-targeted gene therapy. Foxo3 knockdown has been shown to lead to increased muscle cross sectional area, through both the AKT-dependent and -independent pathways and the reduced impact on the two major downstream targets Atrogin-1 and Murf-1. Moreover, a Foxo3 reduction suppresses apoptosis, activates satellite cells, and initiates their differentiation into muscle cells. While this indicates a critical role in muscle regeneration, this mechanism might exhaust the stem cell pool, limiting its clinical applicability. As systemic Foxo3 knockdown has also been associated with risks of inflammation and cancer progression, a muscle-specific approach would be necessary. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on Foxo3 and conceptualize a specific and targeted therapy that may circumvent the drawbacks of systemic Foxo3 knockdown. This approach presumably would limit the side effects and enable an activity-independent positive impact on skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Gellhaus
- Department of Trauma, Orthopedics and Reconstructive Surgery, Georg-August University of Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany; (B.G.); (K.O.B.); (A.F.S.)
| | - Kai O. Böker
- Department of Trauma, Orthopedics and Reconstructive Surgery, Georg-August University of Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany; (B.G.); (K.O.B.); (A.F.S.)
| | - Arndt F. Schilling
- Department of Trauma, Orthopedics and Reconstructive Surgery, Georg-August University of Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany; (B.G.); (K.O.B.); (A.F.S.)
| | - Dominik Saul
- Department of Trauma, Orthopedics and Reconstructive Surgery, Georg-August University of Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany; (B.G.); (K.O.B.); (A.F.S.)
- Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, BG Trauma Center Tuebingen, 72072 Tuebingen, Germany
- Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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15
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Hughes DC, Goodman CA, Baehr LM, Gregorevic P, Bodine SC. A critical discussion on the relationship between E3 ubiquitin ligases, protein degradation, and skeletal muscle wasting: it's not that simple. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 325:C1567-C1582. [PMID: 37955121 PMCID: PMC10861180 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00457.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitination is an important post-translational modification (PTM) for protein substrates, whereby ubiquitin is added to proteins through the coordinated activity of activating (E1), ubiquitin-conjugating (E2), and ubiquitin ligase (E3) enzymes. The E3s provide key functions in the recognition of specific protein substrates to be ubiquitinated and aid in determining their proteolytic or nonproteolytic fates, which has led to their study as indicators of altered cellular processes. MuRF1 and MAFbx/Atrogin-1 were two of the first E3 ubiquitin ligases identified as being upregulated in a range of different skeletal muscle atrophy models. Since their discovery, the expression of these E3 ubiquitin ligases has often been studied as a surrogate measure of changes to bulk protein degradation rates. However, emerging evidence has highlighted the dynamic and complex regulation of the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) in skeletal muscle and demonstrated that protein ubiquitination is not necessarily equivalent to protein degradation. These observations highlight the potential challenges of quantifying E3 ubiquitin ligases as markers of protein degradation rates or ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) activation. This perspective examines the usefulness of monitoring E3 ubiquitin ligases for determining specific or bulk protein degradation rates in the settings of skeletal muscle atrophy. Specific questions that remain unanswered within the skeletal muscle atrophy field are also identified, to encourage the pursuit of new research that will be critical in moving forward our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that govern protein function and degradation in muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Hughes
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
| | - Craig A Goodman
- Centre for Muscle Research (CMR), Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Leslie M Baehr
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
| | - Paul Gregorevic
- Centre for Muscle Research (CMR), Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Neurology, The University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Sue C Bodine
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
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16
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Tastekin B, Pelit A, Sapmaz T, Celenk A, Majeed M, Mundkur L, Nagabhushanam K. The Effects of Antioxidants and Pulsed Magnetic Fields on Slow and Fast Skeletal Muscle Atrophy Induced by Streptozotocin: A Preclinical Study. J Diabetes Res 2023; 2023:6657869. [PMID: 38020198 PMCID: PMC10661870 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6657869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Results Our findings suggest that antioxidants and PMF may alleviate impaired protein synthesis and degradation pathways in skeletal muscle atrophy. PTS showed a positive effect on the anabolic pathway, while RSV and PMF demonstrated potential for ameliorating the catabolic pathway. Notably, the combination therapy of antioxidants and PMF exhibited a stronger ameliorative effect on skeletal muscle atrophy than either intervention alone. Conclusion The present results highlight the benefits of employing a multimodal approach, involving both antioxidant and PMF therapy, for the management of muscle-wasting conditions. These treatments may have potential therapeutic implications for skeletal muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bora Tastekin
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Türkiye
| | - Aykut Pelit
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Türkiye
| | - Tugce Sapmaz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Türkiye
| | - Alper Celenk
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Türkiye
| | - Muhammed Majeed
- Sami-Sabinsa Group Ltd., 19/1 & 19/2 I Main, II Phase, Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, India
- Sabinsa Corporation, 20 Lake Drive, East Windsor, New Jersey, USA
| | - Lakshmi Mundkur
- Sami-Sabinsa Group Ltd., 19/1 & 19/2 I Main, II Phase, Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, India
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17
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Colosio M, Brocca L, Gatti MF, Neri M, Crea E, Cadile F, Canepari M, Pellegrino MA, Polla B, Porcelli S, Bottinelli R. Structural and functional impairments of skeletal muscle in patients with postacute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2023; 135:902-917. [PMID: 37675472 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00158.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Following acute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a substantial proportion of patients showed symptoms and sequelae for several months, namely the postacute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) syndrome. Major phenomena are exercise intolerance, muscle weakness, and fatigue. We aimed to investigate the physiopathology of exercise intolerance in patients with PASC syndrome by structural and functional analyses of skeletal muscle. At least 3 mo after infection, nonhospitalized patients with PASC (n = 11, age: 54 ± 11 yr; PASC) and patients without long-term symptoms (n = 12, age: 49 ± 9 yr; CTRL) visited the laboratory on four nonconsecutive days. Spirometry, lung diffusion capacity, and quality of life were assessed at rest. A cardiopulmonary incremental exercise test was performed. Oxygen consumption (V̇o2) kinetics were determined by moderate-intensity exercises. Muscle oxidative capacity (k) was assessed by near-infrared spectroscopy. Histochemical analysis, O2 flux (JO2) by high-resolution respirometry, and quantification of key molecular markers of mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics were performed in vastus lateralis biopsies. Pulmonary and cardiac functions were within normal range in all patients. V̇o2peak was lower in PASC than CTRL (24.7 ± 5.0 vs. 32.9 ± 7.4 mL·min-1·kg-1, respectively, P < 0.05). V̇o2 kinetics was slower in PASC than CTRL (41 ± 12 vs. 30 ± 9 s-1, P < 0.05). k was lower in PASC than CTRL (1.54 ± 0.49 vs. 2.07 ± 0.51 min-1, P < 0.05). Citrate synthase, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator (PGC)1α, and JO2 for mitochondrial complex II were significantly lower in PASC vs. CTRL (all P values <0.05). In our cohort of patients with PASC, we showed limited exercise tolerance mainly due to "peripheral" determinants. Substantial reductions were observed for biomarkers of mitochondrial function, content, and biogenesis. PASC syndrome, therefore, appears to negatively impact skeletal muscle function, although the disease is a heterogeneous condition.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Several months after mild acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, a substantial proportion of patients present persisting, and often debilitating, symptoms and sequelae. These patients show reduced quality of life due to exercise intolerance, muscle weakness, and fatigue. The present study supports the hypothesis that "peripheral" impairments at skeletal muscle level, namely, reduced mitochondrial function and markers of mitochondrial biogenesis, are major determinants of exercise intolerance and fatigue, "central" phenomena at respiratory, and cardiac level being less relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Colosio
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenza Brocca
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco F Gatti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marianna Neri
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Emanuela Crea
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesca Cadile
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Monica Canepari
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta Pellegrino
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre of Biology and Sport Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Biagio Polla
- Rehabilitation Center, Teresio Borsalino, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Simone Porcelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Roberto Bottinelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
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18
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Ogawa T, Kouzu H, Osanami A, Tatekoshi Y, Sato T, Kuno A, Fujita Y, Ino S, Shimizu M, Toda Y, Ohwada W, Yano T, Tanno M, Miki T, Miura T. Downregulation of extramitochondrial BCKDH and its uncoupling from AMP deaminase in type 2 diabetic OLETF rat hearts. Physiol Rep 2023; 11:e15608. [PMID: 36802195 PMCID: PMC9938007 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) metabolism is dysregulated in cardiometabolic diseases. We previously demonstrated that upregulated AMP deaminase 3 (AMPD3) impairs cardiac energetics in a rat model of obese type 2 diabetes, Otsuka Long-Evans-Tokushima fatty (OLETF). Here, we hypothesized that the cardiac BCAA levels and the activity of branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase (BCKDH), a rate-limiting enzyme in BCAA metabolism, are altered by type 2 diabetes (T2DM), and that upregulated AMPD3 expression is involved in the alteration. Performing proteomic analysis combined with immunoblotting, we discovered that BCKDH localizes not only to mitochondria but also to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), where it interacts with AMPD3. Knocking down AMPD3 in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) increased BCKDH activity, suggesting that AMPD3 negatively regulates BCKDH. Compared with control rats (Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka [LETO] rats), OLETF rats exhibited 49% higher cardiac BCAA levels and 49% lower BCKDH activity. In the cardiac ER of the OLETF rats, BCKDH-E1α subunit expression was downregulated, while AMPD3 expression was upregulated, resulting in an 80% lower AMPD3-E1α interaction compared to LETO rats. Knocking down E1α expression in NRCMs upregulated AMPD3 expression and recapitulated the imbalanced AMPD3-BCKDH expressions observed in OLETF rat hearts. E1α knockdown in NRCMs inhibited glucose oxidation in response to insulin, palmitate oxidation, and lipid droplet biogenesis under oleate loading. Collectively, these data revealed previously unrecognized extramitochondrial localization of BCKDH in the heart and its reciprocal regulation with AMPD3 and imbalanced AMPD3-BCKDH interactions in OLETF. Downregulation of BCKDH in cardiomyocytes induced profound metabolic changes that are observed in OLETF hearts, providing insight into mechanisms contributing to the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshifumi Ogawa
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic MedicineSapporo Medical University School of MedicineSapporoJapan
| | - Hidemichi Kouzu
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic MedicineSapporo Medical University School of MedicineSapporoJapan
| | - Arata Osanami
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic MedicineSapporo Medical University School of MedicineSapporoJapan
| | - Yuki Tatekoshi
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic MedicineSapporo Medical University School of MedicineSapporoJapan
| | - Tatsuya Sato
- Department of Cellular Physiology and Signal TransductionSapporo Medical University School of MedicineSapporoJapan
| | - Atsushi Kuno
- Department of PharmacologySapporo Medical University School of MedicineSapporoJapan
| | - Yugo Fujita
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic MedicineSapporo Medical University School of MedicineSapporoJapan
| | - Shoya Ino
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic MedicineSapporo Medical University School of MedicineSapporoJapan
| | - Masaki Shimizu
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic MedicineSapporo Medical University School of MedicineSapporoJapan
| | - Yuki Toda
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic MedicineSapporo Medical University School of MedicineSapporoJapan
| | - Wataru Ohwada
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic MedicineSapporo Medical University School of MedicineSapporoJapan
| | - Toshiyuki Yano
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic MedicineSapporo Medical University School of MedicineSapporoJapan
| | - Masaya Tanno
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic MedicineSapporo Medical University School of MedicineSapporoJapan
| | - Takayuki Miki
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic MedicineSapporo Medical University School of MedicineSapporoJapan
| | - Tetsuji Miura
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic MedicineSapporo Medical University School of MedicineSapporoJapan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesHokkaido University of ScienceSapporoJapan
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19
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Paez HG, Pitzer CR, Alway SE. Age-Related Dysfunction in Proteostasis and Cellular Quality Control in the Development of Sarcopenia. Cells 2023; 12:cells12020249. [PMID: 36672183 PMCID: PMC9856405 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a debilitating skeletal muscle disease that accelerates in the last decades of life and is characterized by marked deficits in muscle strength, mass, quality, and metabolic health. The multifactorial causes of sarcopenia have proven difficult to treat and involve a complex interplay between environmental factors and intrinsic age-associated changes. It is generally accepted that sarcopenia results in a progressive loss of skeletal muscle function that exceeds the loss of mass, indicating that while loss of muscle mass is important, loss of muscle quality is the primary defect with advanced age. Furthermore, preclinical models have suggested that aged skeletal muscle exhibits defects in cellular quality control such as the degradation of damaged mitochondria. Recent evidence suggests that a dysregulation of proteostasis, an important regulator of cellular quality control, is a significant contributor to the aging-associated declines in muscle quality, function, and mass. Although skeletal muscle mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) plays a critical role in cellular control, including skeletal muscle hypertrophy, paradoxically, sustained activation of mTORC1 recapitulates several characteristics of sarcopenia. Pharmaceutical inhibition of mTORC1 as well as caloric restriction significantly improves muscle quality in aged animals, however, the mechanisms controlling cellular proteostasis are not fully known. This information is important for developing effective therapeutic strategies that mitigate or prevent sarcopenia and associated disability. This review identifies recent and historical understanding of the molecular mechanisms of proteostasis driving age-associated muscle loss and suggests potential therapeutic interventions to slow or prevent sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hector G. Paez
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
- Integrated Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, College of Graduate Health Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
- Laboratory of Muscle Biology and Sarcopenia, Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Professions, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
- Center for Muscle, Metabolism and Neuropathology, Division of Regenerative and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health Professions, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Christopher R. Pitzer
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
- Integrated Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, College of Graduate Health Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
- Laboratory of Muscle Biology and Sarcopenia, Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Professions, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
- Center for Muscle, Metabolism and Neuropathology, Division of Regenerative and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health Professions, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Stephen E. Alway
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
- Integrated Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, College of Graduate Health Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
- Laboratory of Muscle Biology and Sarcopenia, Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Professions, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
- Center for Muscle, Metabolism and Neuropathology, Division of Regenerative and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health Professions, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
- The Tennessee Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
- Correspondence:
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20
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Kanazashi M, Tanaka M. Acute effect of electrical stimulation on muscle protein synthesis and break-down in the soleus muscle of hindlimb unloaded rats. Biomed Res 2023; 44:209-218. [PMID: 37779033 DOI: 10.2220/biomedres.44.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Electrical stimulation (ES) is effective for disuse-induced muscle atrophy. However, the acute effect of ES on muscle protein synthesis (MPS) and muscle protein breakdown (MPB) remains unclear. We investigated the effect of a single-session ES treatment on mTORC1 signaling, MPS, and MPB in the soleus muscle of 2-week hindlimb unloaded rats. Sprague Dawley rats (n = 12 male) were randomly divided into control (CON) and hindlimb unloaded (HU) groups. After 2 weeks, the right soleus muscle was percutaneously stimulated and underwent supramaximal isometric contractions. The left soleus muscle served as an internal control. We collected soleus muscle samples 6 h after ES. Two weeks of HU decreased p70S6K and S6rp activation, downstream factors for mTORC1 signaling, and SUnSET method-assessed MPS, but increased the LC3-II/I ratio, an indicator of autophagy. ES on disused muscle successfully activated mTORC1 signaling but did not affect MPS. Contrary, ES decreased ubiquitinated proteins expression and LC3B-II/I ratio. HU might affect mTORC1 activation and MPS differently in response to acute ES possibly due to excessive ROS production caused by ES. Our findings suggest that ES applied to disused skeletal muscles may suppress MPB, but its effect on MPS appears to be attenuated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Kanazashi
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health and Welfare, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Mihara-shi, Hiroshima 723-0053, Japan
| | - Masayuki Tanaka
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Okayama Healthcare Professional Uni- versity, 3-2-18 Daiku, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama 700-0913, Japan
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21
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Fujimaki S, Ono Y. Murine Models of Tenotomy-Induced Mechanical Overloading and Tail-Suspension-Induced Mechanical Unloading. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2640:207-215. [PMID: 36995597 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3036-5_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a highly plastic tissue that can alter its mass and strength in response to mechanical stimulation, such as overloading and unloading, which lead to muscle hypertrophy and atrophy, respectively. Mechanical loading in the muscle influences muscle stem cell dynamics, including activation, proliferation, and differentiation. Although experimental models of mechanical overloading and unloading have been widely used for the investigation of the molecular mechanisms regulating muscle plasticity and stem cell function, few studies have described the methods in detail. Here, we describe the appropriate procedures for tenotomy-induced mechanical overloading and tail-suspension-induced mechanical unloading, which are the most common and simple methods to induce muscle hypertrophy and atrophy in mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Fujimaki
- Department of Muscle Development and Regeneration, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ono
- Department of Muscle Development and Regeneration, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
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22
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D'Ercole C, D'Angelo P, Ruggieri V, Proietti D, Virtanen L, Parisi C, Riera CS, Renzini A, Macone A, Marzullo M, Ciapponi L, Bonvissuto D, Sette C, Giordani L, Madaro L. Spatially resolved transcriptomics reveals innervation-responsive functional clusters in skeletal muscle. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111861. [PMID: 36543136 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Striated muscle is a highly organized structure composed of well-defined anatomical domains with integrated but distinct assignments. So far, the lack of a direct correlation between tissue architecture and gene expression has limited our understanding of how each unit responds to physio-pathologic contexts. Here, we show how the combined use of spatially resolved transcriptomics and immunofluorescence can bridge this gap by enabling the unbiased identification of such domains and the characterization of their response to external perturbations. Using a spatiotemporal analysis, we follow changes in the transcriptome of specific domains in muscle in a model of denervation. Furthermore, our approach enables us to identify the spatial distribution and nerve dependence of atrophic signaling pathway and polyamine metabolism to glycolytic fibers. Indeed, we demonstrate that perturbations of polyamine pathway can affect muscle function. Our dataset serves as a resource for future studies of the mechanisms underlying skeletal muscle homeostasis and innervation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara D'Ercole
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Sciences and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo D'Angelo
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Sciences and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Veronica Ruggieri
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Sciences and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Daisy Proietti
- Cell Therapy for Myopathies Unit, Division of Neurosciences, San Raffaele Hospital, 20132 Milano, Italy
| | - Laura Virtanen
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMRS 974, Association Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Cristina Parisi
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Sciences and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Carles Sanchez Riera
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Sciences and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Renzini
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Sciences and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Macone
- Department Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Marzullo
- IBPM CNR c/o Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Ciapponi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Davide Bonvissuto
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Human Anatomy, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Sette
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Human Anatomy, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy; GSTeP Organoids Research Core Facility, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Giordani
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMRS 974, Association Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, 75013 Paris, France.
| | - Luca Madaro
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Sciences and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, 00161 Rome, Italy.
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23
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Chen K, Gao P, Li Z, Dai A, Yang M, Chen S, Su J, Deng Z, Li L. Forkhead Box O Signaling Pathway in Skeletal Muscle Atrophy. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2022; 192:1648-1657. [PMID: 36174679 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2022.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle atrophy is the consequence of protein degradation exceeding protein synthesis because of disease, aging, and physical inactivity. Patients with skeletal muscle atrophy have decreased muscle mass and fiber cross-sectional area, and experience reduced survival quality and motor function. The forkhead box O (FOXO) signaling pathway plays an important role in the pathogenesis of skeletal muscle atrophy by regulating E3 ubiquitin ligases and some autophagy factors. However, the mechanism of FOXO signaling pathway leading to skeletal muscle atrophy is still unclear. The development of treatment strategies for skeletal muscle atrophy has been a thorny clinical problem. FOXO-targeted therapy to treat skeletal muscle atrophy is a promising approach, and an increasing number of relevant studies have been reported. This article reviews the mechanism and therapeutic targets of the FOXO signaling pathway mediating skeletal muscle atrophy, and provides ideas for the clinical treatment of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, China
| | - Zongchao Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, China
| | - Aonan Dai
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Department of Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China; School of Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Jingyue Su
- Department of Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China; School of Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Zhenhan Deng
- Department of Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China; School of Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China.
| | - Liangjun Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, China.
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24
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Bouredji Z, Argaw A, Frenette J. The inflammatory response, a mixed blessing for muscle homeostasis and plasticity. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1032450. [PMID: 36505042 PMCID: PMC9726740 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1032450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle makes up almost half the body weight of heathy individuals and is involved in several vital functions, including breathing, thermogenesis, metabolism, and locomotion. Skeletal muscle exhibits enormous plasticity with its capacity to adapt to stimuli such as changes in mechanical loading, nutritional interventions, or environmental factors (oxidative stress, inflammation, and endocrine changes). Satellite cells and timely recruited inflammatory cells are key actors in muscle homeostasis, injury, and repair processes. Conversely, uncontrolled recruitment of inflammatory cells or chronic inflammatory processes leads to muscle atrophy, fibrosis and, ultimately, impairment of muscle function. Muscle atrophy and loss of function are reported to occur either in physiological situations such as aging, cast immobilization, and prolonged bed rest, as well as in many pathological situations, including cancers, muscular dystrophies, and several other chronic illnesses. In this review, we highlight recent discoveries with respect to the molecular mechanisms leading to muscle atrophy caused by modified mechanical loading, aging, and diseases. We also summarize current perspectives suggesting that the inflammatory process in muscle homeostasis and repair is a double-edged sword. Lastly, we review recent therapeutic approaches for treating muscle wasting disorders, with a focus on the RANK/RANKL/OPG pathway and its involvement in muscle inflammation, protection and regeneration processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zineb Bouredji
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université Laval (CRCHUQ-CHUL), Axe Neurosciences, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Anteneh Argaw
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université Laval (CRCHUQ-CHUL), Axe Neurosciences, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Jérôme Frenette
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université Laval (CRCHUQ-CHUL), Axe Neurosciences, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada,Département de Réadaptation, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada,*Correspondence: Jérôme Frenette,
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25
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Kaiser MS, Milan G, Ham DJ, Lin S, Oliveri F, Chojnowska K, Tintignac LA, Mittal N, Zimmerli CE, Glass DJ, Zavolan M, Rüegg MA. Dual roles of mTORC1-dependent activation of the ubiquitin-proteasome system in muscle proteostasis. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1141. [PMID: 36302954 PMCID: PMC9613904 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04097-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle size is controlled by the PI3K-PKB/Akt-mTORC1-FoxO pathway, which integrates signals from growth factors, energy and amino acids to activate protein synthesis and inhibit protein breakdown. While mTORC1 activity is necessary for PKB/Akt-induced muscle hypertrophy, its constant activation alone induces muscle atrophy. Here we show that this paradox is based on mTORC1 activity promoting protein breakdown through the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) by simultaneously inducing ubiquitin E3 ligase expression via feedback inhibition of PKB/Akt and proteasome biogenesis via Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Like 1 (Nrf1). Muscle growth was restored by reactivation of PKB/Akt, but not by Nrf1 knockdown, implicating ubiquitination as the limiting step. However, both PKB/Akt activation and proteasome depletion by Nrf1 knockdown led to an immediate disruption of proteome integrity with rapid accumulation of damaged material. These data highlight the physiological importance of mTORC1-mediated PKB/Akt inhibition and point to juxtaposed roles of the UPS in atrophy and proteome integrity. Exploring the relationship between mTORC1 and the ubiquitin-proteasome system, light is shed on the paradox between mTORC1-mediated muscle hypertrophy induced by PKB/Akt and the muscle atrophy induced by mTORC1 alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco S Kaiser
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,BIOREBA AG, Christoph Merian-Ring 7, 4153, Reinach, Switzerland
| | - Giulia Milan
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland. .,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Daniel J Ham
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Shuo Lin
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Kathrin Chojnowska
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,AstraZeneca AG, Neuhofstrasse 34, 6340, Baar, Switzerland
| | - Lionel A Tintignac
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Neuromuscular Research Group, Departments of Neurology and Biomedicine, University of Basel, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Christian E Zimmerli
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Molecular Sociology, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Max-von-Laue-Straße 3, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - David J Glass
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, USA
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Metabolic Pathways and Ion Channels Involved in Skeletal Muscle Atrophy: A Starting Point for Potential Therapeutic Strategies. Cells 2022; 11:cells11162566. [PMID: 36010642 PMCID: PMC9406740 DOI: 10.3390/cells11162566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle tissue has the important function of supporting and defending the organism. It is the largest apparatus in the human body, and its function is important for contraction and movements. In addition, it is involved in the regulation of protein synthesis and degradation. In fact, inhibition of protein synthesis and/or activation of catabolism determines a pathological condition called muscle atrophy. Muscle atrophy is a reduction in muscle mass resulting in a partial or complete loss of function. It has been established that many physiopathological conditions can cause a reduction in muscle mass. Nevertheless, it is not well known that the molecular mechanisms and signaling processes caused this dramatic event. There are multiple concomitant processes involved in muscle atrophy. In fact, the gene transcription of some factors, oxidative stress mechanisms, and the alteration of ion transport through specific ion channels may contribute to muscle function impairment. In this review, we focused on the molecular mechanisms responsible for muscle damage and potential drugs to be used to alleviate this disabling condition.
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Exploring the Muscle Metabolomics in the Mouse Model of Sepsis-Induced Acquired Weakness. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:6908488. [PMID: 36016684 PMCID: PMC9398772 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6908488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background/Aim We aimed to identify the differentially expressing metabolites (DEMs) in the muscles of the mouse model of sepsis-induced acquired weakness (sepsis-AW) using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Materials and Methods Sepsis by cecal ligation puncture (CLP) with lower limb immobilization was used to produce a sepsis-AW model. After this, the grip strength of the C57BL/6 male mice was investigated. The transmission electron microscopy was utilized to determine the pathological model. LC-MS was used to detect the metabolic profiles within the mouse muscles. Additionally, a statistically diversified analysis was carried out. Results Compared to the sepsis group, 30 DEMs, including 17 upregulated and 13 down-regulated metabolites, were found in the sepsis-AW group. The enriched metabolic pathways including purine metabolism, valine/leucine/isoleucine biosynthesis, cGMP-PKG pathway, mTOR pathway, FoxO pathway, and PI3K-Akt pathway were found to differ between the two groups. The targeted metabolomics analysis explored significant differences between four amino acid metabolites (leucine, cysteine, tyrosine, and serine) and two energy metabolites (AMP and cAMP) in the muscles of the sepsis-AW experimental model group, which was comparable to the sepsis group. Conclusion The present work identified DEMs and metabolism-related pathways within the muscles of the sepsis-AW mice, which offered valuable experimental data for diagnosis and identification of the pathogenic mechanism underlying sepsis-AW.
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Murgia M, Ciciliot S, Nagaraj N, Reggiani C, Schiaffino S, Franchi MV, Pišot R, Šimunič B, Toniolo L, Blaauw B, Sandri M, Biolo G, Flück M, Narici MV, Mann M. Signatures of muscle disuse in spaceflight and bed rest revealed by single muscle fiber proteomics. PNAS NEXUS 2022; 1:pgac086. [PMID: 36741463 PMCID: PMC9896895 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgac086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Astronauts experience dramatic loss of muscle mass, decreased strength, and insulin resistance, despite performing daily intense physical exercise that would lead to muscle growth on Earth. Partially mimicking spaceflight, prolonged bed rest causes muscle atrophy, loss of force, and glucose intolerance. To unravel the underlying mechanisms, we employed highly sensitive single fiber proteomics to detail the molecular remodeling caused by unloading and inactivity during bed rest and changes of the muscle proteome of astronauts before and after a mission on the International Space Station. Muscle focal adhesions, involved in fiber-matrix interaction and insulin receptor stabilization, are prominently downregulated in both bed rest and spaceflight and restored upon reloading. Pathways of antioxidant response increased strongly in slow but not in fast muscle fibers. Unloading alone upregulated markers of neuromuscular damage and the pathway controlling EIF5A hypusination. These proteomic signatures of mechanical unloading in muscle fiber subtypes contribute to disentangle the effect of microgravity from the pleiotropic challenges of spaceflight.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefano Ciciliot
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Via Orus 2, 35129 Padua, Italy,Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Via Forlanini 6, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Carlo Reggiani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi, 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy,Science and Research Center Koper, Institute for Kinesiology Research, Garibaldijeva Street 1, 6000 Koper, Slovenia
| | | | - Martino V Franchi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi, 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Rado Pišot
- Science and Research Center Koper, Institute for Kinesiology Research, Garibaldijeva Street 1, 6000 Koper, Slovenia
| | - Boštjan Šimunič
- Science and Research Center Koper, Institute for Kinesiology Research, Garibaldijeva Street 1, 6000 Koper, Slovenia
| | - Luana Toniolo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi, 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Bert Blaauw
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi, 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy,Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Via Orus 2, 35129 Padua, Italy
| | - Marco Sandri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi, 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy,Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Via Orus 2, 35129 Padua, Italy
| | - Gianni Biolo
- Clinical Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Martin Flück
- Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musee 5, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Marco V Narici
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi, 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy,Science and Research Center Koper, Institute for Kinesiology Research, Garibaldijeva Street 1, 6000 Koper, Slovenia,CIR-MYO Myology Center, Viale G Colombo 3, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Matthias Mann
- Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany,NNF Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, Building 6.1, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
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29
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Belova SP, Kalashnikova EP, Tyganov SA, Kostrominova TY, Shenkman BS, Nemirovskaya TL. Effect of enhanced muscle tone on the expression of atrogenes and cytoskeletal proteins during postural muscle unloading. Arch Biochem Biophys 2022; 725:109291. [PMID: 35597296 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2022.109291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle unloading leads to the decreased electrical activity and decline of muscle tone. AIMS Current study evaluated the effect of muscle tone preservation achieved by tetanus toxin (TeNT) treatment on signaling pathways regulating atrophic processes during unloading. MAIN METHODS Four groups of rats were used: non-treated control (C), control rats with TeNT administration (CT), 7 days of unloading/hindlimb suspension with placebo (HS), and 7 days of unloading with TeNT administration (HST). KEY FINDINGS Absolute and relative force of tetanic contractions was decreased by 65% in soleus muscle of HS rats when compared with C. Treatment with TeNT significantly lessened force decline in soleus muscle of HST rats when compared with HS. TeNT administration increased myosin heavy chain I beta (MyHC Iβ) expression in CT rats and prevented MyHC Iβ loss in HST group when compared with C rats. Desmin content was lower by 31.4% (p < 0.05) in HS group when compared with HST. Calpain-1 expression was increased in HS group when compared with C, CT and HST. There was a decrease in p-p70S6K content (41%, p < 0,05) and an increase in p-eEF2 content (77%, p < 0,05) in HS group when compared with C, while there were no significant differences in the content of these proteins between HST, CT and C groups. SIGNIFICANCE Treatment with TeNT significantly diminished unloading-induced decline of soleus muscle mass and mechanical properties and affected the regulation of MyHC Iβ expression. These effects are mediated by signaling pathways regulating protein synthesis and degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana P Belova
- Myology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems, RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Sergey A Tyganov
- Myology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems, RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana Y Kostrominova
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine-Northwest, Gary, IN, USA
| | - Boris S Shenkman
- Myology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems, RAS, Moscow, Russia
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Alizadeh Pahlavani H. Exercise Therapy for People With Sarcopenic Obesity: Myokines and Adipokines as Effective Actors. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:811751. [PMID: 35250869 PMCID: PMC8892203 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.811751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenic obesity is defined as a multifactorial disease in aging with decreased body muscle, decreased muscle strength, decreased independence, increased fat mass, due to decreased physical activity, changes in adipokines and myokines, and decreased satellite cells. People with sarcopenic obesity cause harmful changes in myokines and adipokines. These changes are due to a decrease interleukin-10 (IL-10), interleukin-15 (IL-15), insulin-like growth factor hormone (IGF-1), irisin, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF-21), adiponectin, and apelin. While factors such as myostatin, leptin, interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and resistin increase. The consequences of these changes are an increase in inflammatory factors, increased degradation of muscle proteins, increased fat mass, and decreased muscle tissue, which exacerbates sarcopenia obesity. In contrast, exercise, especially strength training, reverses this process, which includes increasing muscle protein synthesis, increasing myogenesis, increasing mitochondrial biogenesis, increasing brown fat, reducing white fat, reducing inflammatory factors, and reducing muscle atrophy. Since some people with chronic diseases are not able to do high-intensity strength training, exercises with blood flow restriction (BFR) are newly recommended. Numerous studies have shown that low-intensity BFR training produces the same increase in hypertrophy and muscle strength such as high-intensity strength training. Therefore, it seems that exercise interventions with BFR can be an effective way to prevent the exacerbation of sarcopenia obesity. However, due to limited studies on adipokines and exercises with BFR in people with sarcopenic obesity, more research is needed.
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31
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Fujimaki S, Matsumoto T, Muramatsu M, Nagahisa H, Horii N, Seko D, Masuda S, Wang X, Asakura Y, Takahashi Y, Miyamoto Y, Usuki S, Yasunaga KI, Kamei Y, Nishinakamura R, Minami T, Fukuda T, Asakura A, Ono Y. The endothelial Dll4-muscular Notch2 axis regulates skeletal muscle mass. Nat Metab 2022; 4:180-189. [PMID: 35228746 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-022-00533-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Adult skeletal muscle is a highly plastic tissue that readily reduces or gains its mass in response to mechanical and metabolic stimulation; however, the upstream mechanisms that control muscle mass remain unclear. Notch signalling is highly conserved, and regulates many cellular events, including proliferation and differentiation of various types of tissue stem cell via cell-cell contact. Here we reveal that multinucleated myofibres express Notch2, which plays a crucial role in disuse- or diabetes-induced muscle atrophy. Mechanistically, in both atrophic conditions, the microvascular endothelium upregulates and releases the Notch ligand, Dll4, which then activates muscular Notch2 without direct cell-cell contact. Inhibition of the Dll4-Notch2 axis substantively prevents these muscle atrophy and promotes mechanical overloading-induced muscle hypertrophy in mice. Our results illuminate a tissue-specific function of the endothelium in controlling tissue plasticity and highlight the endothelial Dll4-muscular Notch2 axis as a central upstream mechanism that regulates catabolic signals from mechanical and metabolic stimulation, providing a therapeutic target for muscle-wasting diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Fujimaki
- Department of Muscle Development and Regeneration, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Matsumoto
- Department of Muscle Development and Regeneration, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Masashi Muramatsu
- Division of Molecular and Vascular Biology, IRDA, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nagahisa
- Department of Muscle Development and Regeneration, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Naoki Horii
- Department of Muscle Development and Regeneration, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Daiki Seko
- Department of Muscle Development and Regeneration, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Shinya Masuda
- Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Xuerui Wang
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Yoko Asakura
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Yukie Takahashi
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yuta Miyamoto
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Shingo Usuki
- Liaison Laboratory Research Promotion Center, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kei-Ichiro Yasunaga
- Liaison Laboratory Research Promotion Center, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yasutomi Kamei
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Nishinakamura
- Department of Kidney Development, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Minami
- Division of Molecular and Vascular Biology, IRDA, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takaichi Fukuda
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Atsushi Asakura
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Yusuke Ono
- Department of Muscle Development and Regeneration, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
- Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.
- Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging, Kumamoto University Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan.
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32
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Oyabu M, Takigawa K, Mizutani S, Hatazawa Y, Fujita M, Ohira Y, Sugimoto T, Suzuki O, Tsuchiya K, Suganami T, Ogawa Y, Ishihara K, Miura S, Kamei Y. FOXO1 cooperates with C/EBPδ and ATF4 to regulate skeletal muscle atrophy transcriptional program during fasting. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22152. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101385rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mamoru Oyabu
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences Kyoto Prefectural University Kyoto Japan
| | - Kaho Takigawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences Kyoto Prefectural University Kyoto Japan
| | - Sako Mizutani
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences Kyoto Prefectural University Kyoto Japan
| | - Yukino Hatazawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences Kyoto Prefectural University Kyoto Japan
| | - Mariko Fujita
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences Kyoto Prefectural University Kyoto Japan
| | - Yuto Ohira
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences Kyoto Prefectural University Kyoto Japan
| | - Takumi Sugimoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences Kyoto Prefectural University Kyoto Japan
| | - Osamu Suzuki
- Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition Osaka Japan
| | - Kyoichiro Tsuchiya
- Third Department of Internal Medicine Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering University of Yamanashi Yamanashi Japan
| | - Takayoshi Suganami
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Metabolism Research Institute of Environmental Medicine Nagoya University Nagoya Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ogawa
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan
| | - Kengo Ishihara
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition Faculty of Agriculture Ryukoku University Shiga Japan
| | - Shinji Miura
- Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences University of Shizuoka Shizuoka Japan
| | - Yasutomi Kamei
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences Kyoto Prefectural University Kyoto Japan
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Agrawal A, Rathor R, Kumar R, Singh SN, Kumar B, Suryakumar G. Endogenous dipeptide-carnosine supplementation ameliorates hypobaric hypoxia-induced skeletal muscle loss via attenuating endoplasmic reticulum stress response and maintaining proteostasis. IUBMB Life 2022; 74:101-116. [PMID: 34455667 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
High altitude is an environmental stress that is accompanied with numerous adverse biological responses, including skeletal muscle weakness and muscle protein loss. Skeletal muscle wasting is an important clinical problem, progressing to critical illness, associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The present study explores the protective efficacy of endogenous dipeptide, carnosine (CAR), supplementation in ameliorating skeletal muscle protein loss under hypobaric hypoxia (HH). Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 5) were randomly divided into control group, HH-exposed group (3 days HH exposure equivalent to 7,620 m), and HH-exposed rats supplemented with carnosine (3 days; 150 mg/kg b.w, orally) (HH + CAR). HH-exposed rats supplemented with CAR ameliorated HH-induced oxidative protein damage, lipid peroxidation, and maintained pro-inflammatory cytokines levels. HH-associated muscle protein degradative pathways, including calpain, ubiquitination, endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagy, and apoptosis were also regulated in carnosine-supplemented rats. Further, the muscle damage marker, the levels of serum creatine phosphokinase were also reduced in HH + CAR co-supplemented rats which proved the protective efficacy of CAR against hypobaric hypoxia-induced muscle protein loss. Altogether, CAR supplementation ameliorated HH-induced skeletal muscle protein loss via performing multifaceted ways, mainly by maintaining redox homeostasis and proteostasis in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Agrawal
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Timarpur, Delhi, India
| | - Richa Rathor
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Timarpur, Delhi, India
| | - Ravi Kumar
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Timarpur, Delhi, India
| | - Som Nath Singh
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Timarpur, Delhi, India
| | - Bhuvnesh Kumar
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Timarpur, Delhi, India
| | - Geetha Suryakumar
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Timarpur, Delhi, India
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Li S, Schönke M, Buurstede JC, Moll TJ, Gentenaar M, Schilperoort M, Visser JA, Kaikaew K, van de Vijver D, Abbassi-Daloii T, Raz V, Aartsma-Rus A, van Putten M, Meijer OC, Kroon J. Sexual Dimorphism in Transcriptional and Functional Glucocorticoid Effects on Mouse Skeletal Muscle. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:907908. [PMID: 35898460 PMCID: PMC9309696 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.907908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle atrophy is common in patients with increased glucocorticoid exposure. Glucocorticoid effects are often sex-specific, and while different glucocorticoid responses between male and female subjects are reported, it is unclear why this is. In this study, we evaluated the effects of corticosterone and synthetic glucocorticoid treatment on muscle atrophy in male and female mice. We found that corticosterone treatment reduced grip strength in female mice only, whereas muscle mass was reduced in both sexes. Skeletal muscle transcriptional responses to corticosterone treatment were more pronounced and widespread in male mice. Synthetic glucocorticoid treatment reduced grip strength in both sexes, while female mice were more sensitive to muscle atrophy than male mice. To evaluate the role of androgens, chemically-castrated male mice were treated with synthetic glucocorticoids. We observed additively reduced muscle mass, but did not observe any interaction effects. Although sex differences in glucocorticoid responses in skeletal muscle are partly influenced by androgen signaling, further studies are warranted to fully delineate the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Milena Schönke
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Jacobus C. Buurstede
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Tijmen J.A. Moll
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Max Gentenaar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Maaike Schilperoort
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Jenny A. Visser
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Kasiphak Kaikaew
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Davy van de Vijver
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Tooba Abbassi-Daloii
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Vered Raz
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Maaike van Putten
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Onno C. Meijer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Jan Kroon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Jan Kroon,
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Sharlo K, Tyganov SA, Tomilovskaya E, Popov DV, Saveko AA, Shenkman BS. Effects of Various Muscle Disuse States and Countermeasures on Muscle Molecular Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010468. [PMID: 35008893 PMCID: PMC8745071 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is capable of changing its structural parameters, metabolic rate and functional characteristics within a wide range when adapting to various loading regimens and states of the organism. Prolonged muscle inactivation leads to serious negative consequences that affect the quality of life and work capacity of people. This review examines various conditions that lead to decreased levels of muscle loading and activity and describes the key molecular mechanisms of muscle responses to these conditions. It also details the theoretical foundations of various methods preventing adverse muscle changes caused by decreased motor activity and describes these methods. A number of recent studies presented in this review make it possible to determine the molecular basis of the countermeasure methods used in rehabilitation and space medicine for many years, as well as to identify promising new approaches to rehabilitation and to form a holistic understanding of the mechanisms of gravity force control over the muscular system.
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36
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No Atrophy Let’s Hypertrophy for Better Sporting Events. TURKISH JOURNAL OF KINESIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.31459/turkjkin.1010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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37
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Brocca L, Rossi M, Canepari M, Bottinelli R, Pellegrino MA. Exercise Preconditioning Blunts Early Atrogenes Expression and Atrophy in Gastrocnemius Muscle of Hindlimb Unloaded Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010148. [PMID: 35008572 PMCID: PMC8745338 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A large set of FoxOs-dependent genes play a primary role in controlling muscle mass during hindlimb unloading. Mitochondrial dysfunction can modulate such a process. We hypothesized that endurance exercise before disuse can protect against disuse-induced muscle atrophy by enhancing peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC1α) expression and preventing mitochondrial dysfunction and energy-sensing AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation. We studied cross sectional area (CSA) of muscle fibers of gastrocnemius muscle by histochemistry following 1, 3, 7, and 14 days of hindlimb unloading (HU). We used Western blotting and qRT-PCR to study mitochondrial dynamics and FoxOs-dependent atrogenes’ expression at 1 and 3 days after HU. Preconditioned animals were submitted to moderate treadmill exercise for 7 days before disuse. Exercise preconditioning protected the gastrocnemius from disuse atrophy until 7 days of HU. It blunted alterations in mitochondrial dynamics up to 3 days after HU and the expression of most atrogenes at 1 day after disuse. In preconditioned mice, the activation of atrogenes resumed 3 days after HU when mitochondrial dynamics, assessed by profusion and pro-fission markers (mitofusin 1, MFN1, mitofusin 2, MFN2, optic atrophy 1, OPA1, dynamin related protein 1, DRP1 and fission 1, FIS1), PGC1α levels, and AMPK activation were at a basal level. Therefore, the normalization of mitochondrial dynamics and function was not sufficient to prevent atrogenes activation just a few days after HU. The time course of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) expression and content paralleled the time course of atrogenes’ expression. In conclusion, seven days of endurance exercise counteracted alterations of mitochondrial dynamics and the activation of atrogenes early into disuse. Despite the normalization of mitochondrial dynamics, the effect on atrogenes’ suppression died away within 3 days of HU. Interestingly, muscle protection lasted until 7 days of HU. A longer or more intense exercise preconditioning may prolong atrogenes suppression and muscle protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenza Brocca
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (L.B.); (M.R.); (M.C.); (R.B.)
| | - Maira Rossi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (L.B.); (M.R.); (M.C.); (R.B.)
| | - Monica Canepari
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (L.B.); (M.R.); (M.C.); (R.B.)
| | - Roberto Bottinelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (L.B.); (M.R.); (M.C.); (R.B.)
- ICS-Maugeri (IRCCS), Scientific Institute of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta Pellegrino
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (L.B.); (M.R.); (M.C.); (R.B.)
- Interdipartimental Centre of Biology and Sport Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0382-987-935
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Decreased miR-497-5p Suppresses IL-6 Induced Atrophy in Muscle Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123527. [PMID: 34944037 PMCID: PMC8700610 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine associated with skeletal muscle wasting in cancer cachexia. The control of gene expression by microRNAs (miRNAs) in muscle wasting involves the regulation of thousands of target transcripts. However, the miRNA-target networks associated with IL6-induced muscle atrophy remain to be characterized. Here, we show that IL-6 promotes the atrophy of C2C12 myotubes and changes the expression of 20 miRNAs (5 up-regulated and 15 down-regulated). Gene Ontology analysis of predicted miRNAs targets revealed post-transcriptional regulation of genes involved in cell differentiation, apoptosis, migration, and catabolic processes. Next, we performed a meta-analysis of miRNA-published data that identified miR-497-5p, a down-regulated miRNAs induced by IL-6, also down-regulated in other muscle-wasting conditions. We used miR-497-5p mimics and inhibitors to explore the function of miR-497-5p in C2C12 myoblasts and myotubes. We found that miR-497-5p can regulate the expression of the cell cycle genes CcnD2 and CcnE1 without affecting the rate of myoblast cellular proliferation. Notably, miR-497-5p mimics induced myotube atrophy and reduced Insr expression. Treatment with miR-497-5p inhibitors did not change the diameter of the myotubes but increased the expression of its target genes Insr and Igf1r. These genes are known to regulate skeletal muscle regeneration and hypertrophy via insulin-like growth factor pathway and were up-regulated in cachectic muscle samples. Our miRNA-regulated network analysis revealed a potential role for miR-497-5p during IL6-induced muscle cell atrophy and suggests that miR-497-5p is likely involved in a compensatory mechanism of muscle atrophy in response to IL-6.
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Transcriptional responses of skeletal stem/progenitor cells to hindlimb unloading and recovery correlate with localized but not systemic multi-systems impacts. NPJ Microgravity 2021; 7:49. [PMID: 34836964 PMCID: PMC8626488 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-021-00178-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Disuse osteoporosis (DO) results from mechanical unloading of weight-bearing bones and causes structural changes that compromise skeletal integrity, leading to increased fracture risk. Although bone loss in DO results from imbalances in osteoblast vs. osteoclast activity, its effects on skeletal stem/progenitor cells (SSCs) is indeterminate. We modeled DO in mice by 8 and 14 weeks of hindlimb unloading (HU) or 8 weeks of unloading followed by 8 weeks of recovery (HUR) and monitored impacts on animal physiology and behavior, metabolism, marrow adipose tissue (MAT) volume, bone density and micro-architecture, and bone marrow (BM) leptin and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) protein expression, and correlated multi-systems impacts of HU and HUR with the transcript profiles of Lin-LEPR+ SSCs and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) purified from BM. Using this integrative approach, we demonstrate that prolonged HU induces muscle atrophy, progressive bone loss, and MAT accumulation that paralleled increases in BM but not systemic leptin levels, which remained low in lipodystrophic HU mice. HU also induced SSC quiescence and downregulated bone anabolic and neurogenic pathways, which paralleled increases in BM TH expression, but had minimal impacts on MSCs, indicating a lack of HU memory in culture-expanded populations. Although most impacts of HU were reversed by HUR, trabecular micro-architecture remained compromised and time-resolved changes in the SSC transcriptome identified various signaling pathways implicated in bone formation that were unresponsive to HUR. These findings indicate that HU-induced alterations to the SSC transcriptome that persist after reloading may contribute to poor bone recovery.
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Liu Z, Chaillou T, Santos Alves E, Mader T, Jude B, Ferreira DMS, Hynynen H, Cheng AJ, Jonsson WO, Pironti G, Andersson DC, Kenne E, Ruas JL, Tavi P, Lanner JT. Mitochondrial NDUFA4L2 is a novel regulator of skeletal muscle mass and force. FASEB J 2021; 35:e22010. [PMID: 34724256 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100066r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The hypoxia-inducible nuclear-encoded mitochondrial protein NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex, 4-like 2 (NDUFA4L2) has been demonstrated to decrease oxidative phosphorylation and production of reactive oxygen species in neonatal cardiomyocytes, brain tissue and hypoxic domains of cancer cells. Prolonged local hypoxia can negatively affect skeletal muscle size and tissue oxidative capacity. Although skeletal muscle is a mitochondrial rich, oxygen sensitive tissue, the role of NDUFA4L2 in skeletal muscle has not previously been investigated. Here we ectopically expressed NDUFA4L2 in mouse skeletal muscles using adenovirus-mediated expression and in vivo electroporation. Moreover, femoral artery ligation (FAL) was used as a model of peripheral vascular disease to induce hind limb ischemia and muscle damage. Ectopic NDUFA4L2 expression resulted in reduced mitochondrial respiration and reactive oxygen species followed by lowered AMP, ADP, ATP, and NAD+ levels without affecting the overall protein content of the mitochondrial electron transport chain. Furthermore, ectopically expressed NDUFA4L2 caused a ~20% reduction in muscle mass that resulted in weaker muscles. The loss of muscle mass was associated with increased gene expression of atrogenes MurF1 and Mul1, and apoptotic genes caspase 3 and Bax. Finally, we showed that NDUFA4L2 was induced by FAL and that the Ndufa4l2 mRNA expression correlated with the reduced capacity of the muscle to generate force after the ischemic insult. These results show, for the first time, that mitochondrial NDUFA4L2 is a novel regulator of skeletal muscle mass and force. Specifically, induced NDUFA4L2 reduces mitochondrial activity leading to lower levels of important intramuscular metabolites, including adenine nucleotides and NAD+ , which are hallmarks of mitochondrial dysfunction and hence shows that dysfunctional mitochondrial activity may drive muscle wasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengye Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Molecular Muscle Physiology and Pathophysiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Chaillou
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Molecular Muscle Physiology and Pathophysiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Estela Santos Alves
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Molecular Muscle Physiology and Pathophysiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Theresa Mader
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Molecular Muscle Physiology and Pathophysiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Baptiste Jude
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Molecular Muscle Physiology and Pathophysiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Duarte M S Ferreira
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Molecular and Cellular Exercise Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Heidi Hynynen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Arthur J Cheng
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Molecular Muscle Physiology and Pathophysiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - William O Jonsson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Molecular Muscle Physiology and Pathophysiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gianluigi Pironti
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical Cardiac and Skeletal Muscle Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel C Andersson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical Cardiac and Skeletal Muscle Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Heart, Vascular and Neurology Theme, Cardiology Unit, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ellinor Kenne
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Molecular Muscle Physiology and Pathophysiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jorge L Ruas
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Molecular and Cellular Exercise Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pasi Tavi
- A.I. Virtanen Institute, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Johanna T Lanner
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Molecular Muscle Physiology and Pathophysiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Wilburn D, Ismaeel A, Machek S, Fletcher E, Koutakis P. Shared and distinct mechanisms of skeletal muscle atrophy: A narrative review. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 71:101463. [PMID: 34534682 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Maintenance of skeletal muscle mass and function is an incredibly nuanced balance of anabolism and catabolism that can become distorted within different pathological conditions. In this paper we intend to discuss the distinct intracellular signaling events that regulate muscle protein atrophy for a given clinical occurrence. Aside from the common outcome of muscle deterioration, several conditions have at least one or more distinct mechanisms that creates unique intracellular environments that facilitate muscle loss. The subtle individuality to each of these given pathologies can provide both researchers and clinicians with specific targets of interest to further identify and increase the efficacy of medical treatments and interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan Wilburn
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76706, USA
| | - Ahmed Ismaeel
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76706, USA
| | - Steven Machek
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76706, USA
| | - Emma Fletcher
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76706, USA; Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76706, USA
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Cao Y, Wang Z, Yu T, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Lu Z, Lu W, Yu J. Sepsis induces muscle atrophy by inhibiting proliferation and promoting apoptosis via PLK1-AKT signalling. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:9724-9739. [PMID: 34514712 PMCID: PMC8505846 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis and sepsis-induced skeletal muscle atrophy are common in patients in intensive care units with high mortality, while the mechanisms are controversial and complicated. In the present study, the atrophy of skeletal muscle was evaluated in sepsis mouse model as well as the apoptosis of muscle fibres. Sepsis induced atrophy of skeletal muscle and apoptosis of myofibres in vivo and in vitro. In cell-based in vitro experiments, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation also inhibited the proliferation of myoblasts. At the molecular level, the expression of polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) and phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-AKT) was decreased. Overexpression of PLK1 partly rescued LPS-induced apoptosis, proliferation suppression and atrophy in C2C12 cells. Furthermore, inhibiting the AKT pathway deteriorated LPS-induced atrophy in PLK1-overexpressing C2C12 myotubes. PLK1 was found to participate in regulating apoptosis and E3 ubiquitin ligase activity in C2C12 cells. Taken together, these results indicate that sepsis induces skeletal muscle atrophy by promoting apoptosis of muscle fibres and inhibiting proliferation of myoblasts via regulation of the PLK1-AKT pathway. These findings enhance understanding of the mechanism of sepsis-induced skeletal muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying‐Ya Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care MedicineTianjin Nankai HospitalTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Intensive Care UnitThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical CollegeWuhuAnhuiChina
| | - Tao Yu
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical CollegeWuhuAnhuiChina
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care MedicineTianjin Nankai HospitalTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Zhong‐Han Wang
- Department of Intensive Care UnitThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical CollegeWuhuAnhuiChina
| | - Zi‐Meng Lu
- College of Food Science and EngineeringNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShanxiChina
| | - Wei‐Hua Lu
- Department of Intensive Care UnitThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical CollegeWuhuAnhuiChina
| | - Jian‐Bo Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care MedicineTianjin Nankai HospitalTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
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Miller SG, Hafen PS, Law AS, Springer CB, Logsdon DL, O'Connell TM, Witczak CA, Brault JJ. AMP deamination is sufficient to replicate an atrophy-like metabolic phenotype in skeletal muscle. Metabolism 2021; 123:154864. [PMID: 34400216 PMCID: PMC8453098 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2021.154864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skeletal muscle atrophy, whether caused by chronic disease, acute critical illness, disuse or aging, is characterized by tissue-specific decrease in oxidative capacity and broad alterations in metabolism that contribute to functional decline. However, the underlying mechanisms responsible for these metabolic changes are largely unknown. One of the most highly upregulated genes in atrophic muscle is AMP deaminase 3 (AMPD3: AMP → IMP + NH3), which controls the content of intracellular adenine nucleotides (AdN; ATP + ADP + AMP). Given the central role of AdN in signaling mitochondrial gene expression and directly regulating metabolism, we hypothesized that overexpressing AMPD3 in muscle cells would be sufficient to alter their metabolic phenotype similar to that of atrophic muscle. METHODS AMPD3 and GFP (control) were overexpressed in mouse tibialis anterior (TA) muscles via plasmid electroporation and in C2C12 myotubes using adenovirus vectors. TA muscles were excised one week later, and AdN were quantified by UPLC. In myotubes, targeted measures of AdN, AMPK/PGC-1α/mitochondrial protein synthesis rates, unbiased metabolomics, and transcriptomics by RNA sequencing were measured after 24 h of AMPD3 overexpression. Media metabolites were measured as an indicator of net metabolic flux. At 48 h, the AMPK/PGC-1α/mitochondrial protein synthesis rates, and myotube respiratory function/capacity were measured. RESULTS TA muscles overexpressing AMPD3 had significantly less ATP than contralateral controls (-25%). In myotubes, increasing AMPD3 expression for 24 h was sufficient to significantly decrease ATP concentrations (-16%), increase IMP, and increase efflux of IMP catabolites into the culture media, without decreasing the ATP/ADP or ATP/AMP ratios. When myotubes were treated with dinitrophenol (mitochondrial uncoupler), AMPD3 overexpression blunted decreases in ATP/ADP and ATP/AMP ratios but exacerbated AdN degradation. As such, pAMPK/AMPK, pACC/ACC, and phosphorylation of AMPK substrates, were unchanged by AMPD3 at this timepoint. AMPD3 significantly altered 191 out of 639 detected intracellular metabolites, but only 30 transcripts, none of which encoded metabolic enzymes. The most altered metabolites were those within purine nucleotide, BCAA, glycolysis, and ceramide metabolic pathways. After 48 h, AMPD3 overexpression significantly reduced pAMPK/AMPK (-24%), phosphorylation of AMPK substrates (-14%), and PGC-1α protein (-22%). Moreover, AMPD3 significantly reduced myotube mitochondrial protein synthesis rates (-55%), basal ATP synthase-dependent (-13%), and maximal uncoupled oxygen consumption (-15%). CONCLUSIONS Increased expression of AMPD3 significantly decreased mitochondrial protein synthesis rates and broadly altered cellular metabolites in a manner similar to that of atrophic muscle. Importantly, the changes in metabolites occurred prior to reductions in AMPK signaling, gene expression, and mitochondrial protein synthesis, suggesting metabolism is not dependent on reductions in oxidative capacity, but may be consequence of increased AMP deamination. Therefore, AMP deamination in skeletal muscle may be a mechanism that alters the metabolic phenotype of skeletal muscle during atrophy and could be a target to improve muscle function during muscle wasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer G Miller
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Paul S Hafen
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Andrew S Law
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - David L Logsdon
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Thomas M O'Connell
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Carol A Witczak
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Brault
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Causes Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species- and Caspase 3-Dependent Atrophy of Single Adult Mouse Skeletal Muscle Fibers. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102586. [PMID: 34685566 PMCID: PMC8534155 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) and an increase in caspase-3 activity are established mechanisms that lead to skeletal muscle atrophy via the upregulation of protein degradation pathways. However, the mechanisms upstream of an increase in mROS and caspase-3 activity in conditions of muscle atrophy have not been identified. Based upon knowledge that an event known as mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) causes an increase in mROS emission and the activation of caspase-3 via mitochondrial release of cytochrome c, as well as the circumstantial evidence for MPT in some muscle atrophy conditions, we tested MPT as a mechanism of atrophy. Briefly, treating cultured single mouse flexor digitorum brevis (FDB) fibers from adult mice with a chemical inducer of MPT (Bz423) for 24 h caused an increase in mROS and caspase-3 activity that was accompanied by a reduction in muscle fiber diameter that was able to be prevented by inhibitors of MPT, mROS, or caspase-3 (p < 0.05). Similarly, a four-day single fiber culture as a model of disuse caused atrophy that could be prevented by inhibitors of MPT, mROS, or activated caspase-3. As such, our results identify MPT as a novel mechanism of skeletal muscle atrophy that operates through mROS emission and caspase-3 activation.
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Singh A, Yadav A, Phogat J, Dabur R. Dynamics of autophagy and ubiquitin proteasome system coordination and interplay in skeletal muscle atrophy. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2021; 15:475-486. [PMID: 34365963 DOI: 10.2174/1874467214666210806163851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscles are considered the largest reservoirs of the protein pool in the body and are critical for the maintenances of body homeostasis. Skeletal muscle atrophy is supported by various physiopathological conditions that lead to loss of muscle mass and contractile capacity of the skeletal muscle. Lysosomal mediated autophagy and ubiquitin-proteasomal system (UPS) concede the major intracellular systems of muscle protein degradation that result in the loss of mass and strength. Both systems recognize ubiquitination as a signal of degradation through different mechanisms, a sign of dynamic interplay between systems. Hence, growing shreds of evidence suggest the interdependency of autophagy and UPS in the progression of skeletal muscle atrophy under various pathological conditions. Therefore, understanding the molecular dynamics as well associated factors responsible for their interdependency is a necessity for the new therapeutic insights to counteract the muscle loss. Based on current literature, the present review summarizes the factors interplay in between the autophagy and UPS in favor of enhanced proteolysis of skeletal muscle and how they affect the anabolic signaling pathways under various conditions of skeletal muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Singh
- Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak-124001, Haryana. India
| | - Aarti Yadav
- Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak-124001, Haryana. India
| | - Jatin Phogat
- Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak-124001, Haryana. India
| | - Rajesh Dabur
- Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak-124001, Haryana. India
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Nemirovskaya TL. The Role of Histone Deacetylases I and IIa (HDAC1, HDAC4/5) and the MAPK38 Signaling Pathway in the Regulation of Atrophic Processes under Skeletal Muscle Unloading. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093021040116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Rosa-Caldwell ME, Lim S, Haynie WA, Brown JL, Deaver JW, Morena Da Silva F, Jansen LT, Lee DE, Wiggs MP, Washington TA, Greene NP. Female mice may have exacerbated catabolic signalling response compared to male mice during development and progression of disuse atrophy. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2021; 12:717-730. [PMID: 33675163 PMCID: PMC8200438 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Muscle atrophy is a common pathology associated with disuse, such as prolonged bed rest or spaceflight, and is associated with detrimental health outcomes. There is emerging evidence that disuse atrophy may differentially affect males and females. Cellular mechanisms contributing to the development and progression of disuse remain elusive, particularly protein turnover cascades. The purpose of this study was to investigate the initial development and progression of disuse muscle atrophy in male and female mice using the well-established model of hindlimb unloading (HU). METHODS One hundred C57BL/6J mice (50 male and 50 female) were hindlimb suspended for 0 (control), 24, 48, 72, or 168 h to induce disuse atrophy (10 animals per group). At designated time points, animals were euthanized, and tissues (extensor digitorum longus, gastrocnemius, and soleus for mRNA analysis, gastrocnemius and extensor digitorum longus for protein synthesis rates, and tibialis anterior for histology) were collected for analysis of protein turnover mechanisms (protein anabolism and catabolism). RESULTS Both males and females lost ~30% of tibialis anterior cross-sectional area after 168 h of disuse. Males had no statistical difference in MHCIIB fibre area, whereas unloaded females had ~33% lower MHCIIB cross-sectional area by 168 h of unloading. Both males and females had lower fractional protein synthesis rates (FSRs) within 24-48 h of HU, and females appeared to have a greater reduction compared with males within 24 h of HU (~23% lower FSRs in males vs. 40% lower FSRs in females). Males and females exhibited differential patterns and responses in multiple markers of protein anabolism, catabolism, and myogenic capacity during the development and progression of disuse atrophy. Specifically, females had greater mRNA inductions of catabolic factors Ubc and Gadd45a (~4-fold greater content in females compared with ~2-fold greater content in males) and greater inductions of anabolic inhibitors Redd1 and Deptor with disuse across multiple muscle tissues exhibiting different fibre phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the aetiology of disuse muscle atrophy is more complicated and nuanced than previously thought, with different responses based on muscle phenotypes and between males and females, with females having greater inductions of atrophic markers early in the development of disuse atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E Rosa-Caldwell
- Cachexia Research Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Seongkyun Lim
- Cachexia Research Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Wesley A Haynie
- Exercise Muscle Biology Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Jacob L Brown
- Cachexia Research Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - John William Deaver
- Cachexia Research Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Francielly Morena Da Silva
- Cachexia Research Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Lisa T Jansen
- Cachexia Research Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - David E Lee
- Cachexia Research Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Michael P Wiggs
- Integrative Physiology and Nutrition Laboratory Name, Department of Health and Kinesiology, University of Texas at Tyler, Tyler, TX, USA.,Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Tyrone A Washington
- Exercise Muscle Biology Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Nicholas P Greene
- Cachexia Research Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
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Sartori R, Romanello V, Sandri M. Mechanisms of muscle atrophy and hypertrophy: implications in health and disease. Nat Commun 2021; 12:330. [PMID: 33436614 PMCID: PMC7803748 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20123-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 374] [Impact Index Per Article: 124.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is the protein reservoir of our body and an important regulator of glucose and lipid homeostasis. Consequently, the growth or the loss of muscle mass can influence general metabolism, locomotion, eating and respiration. Therefore, it is not surprising that excessive muscle loss is a bad prognostic index of a variety of diseases ranging from cancer, organ failure, infections and unhealthy ageing. Muscle function is influenced by different quality systems that regulate the function of contractile proteins and organelles. These systems are controlled by transcriptional dependent programs that adapt muscle cells to environmental and nutritional clues. Mechanical, oxidative, nutritional and energy stresses, as well as growth factors or cytokines modulate signaling pathways that, ultimately, converge on protein and organelle turnover. Novel insights that control and orchestrate such complex network are continuously emerging and will be summarized in this review. Understanding the mechanisms that control muscle mass will provide therapeutic targets for the treatment of muscle loss in inherited and non-hereditary diseases and for the improvement of the quality of life during ageing. Loss of muscle mass is associated with ageing and with a number of diseases such as cancer. Here, the authors review the signaling pathways that modulate protein synthesis and degradation and gain or loss of muscle mass, and discuss therapeutic implications and future directions for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Sartori
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, via Ugo Bassi 58/b, 35121, Padova, Italy.,Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, via Orus 2, 35129, Padova, Italy
| | - Vanina Romanello
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, via Ugo Bassi 58/b, 35121, Padova, Italy. .,Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, via Orus 2, 35129, Padova, Italy.
| | - Marco Sandri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, via Ugo Bassi 58/b, 35121, Padova, Italy. .,Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, via Orus 2, 35129, Padova, Italy. .,Myology Center, University of Padova, via Ugo Bassi 58/b, 35121, Padova, Italy. .,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
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Gorza L, Sorge M, Seclì L, Brancaccio M. Master Regulators of Muscle Atrophy: Role of Costamere Components. Cells 2021; 10:cells10010061. [PMID: 33401549 PMCID: PMC7823551 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The loss of muscle mass and force characterizes muscle atrophy in several different conditions, which share the expression of atrogenes and the activation of their transcriptional regulators. However, attempts to antagonize muscle atrophy development in different experimental contexts by targeting contributors to the atrogene pathway showed partial effects in most cases. Other master regulators might independently contribute to muscle atrophy, as suggested by our recent evidence about the co-requirement of the muscle-specific chaperone protein melusin to inhibit unloading muscle atrophy development. Furthermore, melusin and other muscle mass regulators, such as nNOS, belong to costameres, the macromolecular complexes that connect sarcolemma to myofibrils and to the extracellular matrix, in correspondence with specific sarcomeric sites. Costameres sense a mechanical load and transduce it both as lateral force and biochemical signals. Recent evidence further broadens this classic view, by revealing the crucial participation of costameres in a sarcolemmal “signaling hub” integrating mechanical and humoral stimuli, where mechanical signals are coupled with insulin and/or insulin-like growth factor stimulation to regulate muscle mass. Therefore, this review aims to enucleate available evidence concerning the early involvement of costamere components and additional putative master regulators in the development of major types of muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Gorza
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Matteo Sorge
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.S.); (L.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Laura Seclì
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.S.); (L.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Mara Brancaccio
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.S.); (L.S.); (M.B.)
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Exercise Reduces the Resumption of Tumor Growth and Proteolytic Pathways in the Skeletal Muscle of Mice Following Chemotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113466. [PMID: 33233839 PMCID: PMC7699885 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Doxorubicin is a chemotherapeutic agent that contributes to muscle wasting. Based on the evidence that many cancer variants are associated with cachexia and that cancer patients are usually treated with chemotherapeutic agents, it is important to determine strategies to mitigate muscle atrophy. Muscle loss is a poor prognosis during cancer treatment, and exercise has emerged as a potential strategy utilized in this context. Once an ongoing regimen of chemotherapeutic treatment is not always possible, our results demonstrated that continuity of endurance exercise is a potential strategy that can be adopted when chemotherapy needs to be interrupted, minimizing the resumption of tumor growth and avoiding muscle loss. Abstract The pathogenesis of muscle atrophy plays a central role in cancer cachexia, and chemotherapy contributes to this condition. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the effects of endurance exercise on time-dependent muscle atrophy caused by doxorubicin. For this, C57 BL/6 mice were subcutaneously inoculated with Lewis lung carcinoma cells (LLC group). One week after the tumor establishment, a group of these animals initiated the doxorubicin chemotherapy alone (LLC + DOX group) or combined with endurance exercise (LLC + DOX + EXER group). One group of animals was euthanized after the chemotherapy cycle, whereas the remaining animals were euthanized one week after the last administration of doxorubicin. The practice of exercise combined with chemotherapy showed beneficial effects such as a decrease in tumor growth rate after chemotherapy interruption and amelioration of premature death due to doxorubicin toxicity. Moreover, the protein degradation levels in mice undergoing exercise returned to basal levels after chemotherapy; in contrast, the mice treated with doxorubicin alone experienced an increase in the mRNA expression levels of the proteolytic pathways in gastrocnemius muscle (Trim63, Fbxo32, Myostatin, FoxO). Collectively, our results suggest that endurance exercise could be utilized during and after chemotherapy for mitigating muscle atrophy promoted by doxorubicin and avoid the resumption of tumor growth.
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