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Ro JH, Bang JJ, Kim YI, Lee DJ, Ko CC, Garcia-Godoy F, Kwon YH. Spectral characteristics of caries autofluorescence obtained from different locations and caries severities. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2020; 13:e201900224. [PMID: 31568652 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201900224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Dental caries usually occurs at interproximal and occlusal surfaces. The purpose of the present study was to determine if characteristic spectral factors extracted from autofluorescence (AF) spectra are informative regarding caries detection and the determination of caries stage as compared with DIAGNOdent results. AF spectra were obtained from caries lesions of different severities at two locations using a 405 nm laser. Three spectral factors, that is, spectral slope at 550 to 600 nm, spectral area under the curve at 500 to 590 nm and two-peak ratio between 625 and 667 nm, were extracted. The values of three spectral factors linearly decreased as caries progressed. According to micro-CT images, conventional visual and tactile inspections of lesions under or overestimated (25%-65%) caries states, and brown or thickly stained layer on interproximal or occlusal surfaces, respectively, caused misclassifications of caries stage. Of the spectral factors examined, spectral slope and area under curve for interproximal and occlusal surfaces, respectively, were found to be significantly related to caries stage and showed least data overlap. For interproximal and occlusal surfaces, DIAGNOdent readings of different stages overlapped considerably though their mean values were significantly different regardless of stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Hoon Ro
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Pusan National University; Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - John J Bang
- Department of Environmental, Earth and Geospatial Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Yong-Il Kim
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Dong-Joon Lee
- School of Dentistry, NC Oral Health Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Ching-Chang Ko
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Franklin Garcia-Godoy
- Department of Bioscience Research, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Yong Hoon Kwon
- Department of Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
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2
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Zhou Y, Yoo P, Feng Y, Sankar A, Sadr A, Seibel EJ. Towards AR-assisted visualisation and guidance for imaging of dental decay. Healthc Technol Lett 2019; 6:243-248. [PMID: 32038865 PMCID: PMC6952244 DOI: 10.1049/htl.2019.0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Untreated dental decay is the most prevalent dental problem in the world, affecting up to 2.4 billion people and leading to a significant economic and social burden. Early detection can greatly mitigate irreversible effects of dental decay, avoiding the need for expensive restorative treatment that forever disrupts the enamel protective layer of teeth. However, two key challenges exist that make early decay management difficult: unreliable detection and lack of quantitative monitoring during treatment. New optically based imaging through the enamel provides the dentist a safe means to detect, locate, and monitor the healing process. This work explores the use of an augmented reality (AR) headset to improve the workflow of early decay therapy and monitoring. The proposed workflow includes two novel AR-enabled features: (i) in situ visualisation of pre-operative optically based dental images and (ii) augmented guidance for repetitive imaging during therapy monitoring. The workflow is designed to minimise distraction, mitigate hand-eye coordination problems, and help guide monitoring of early decay during therapy in both clinical and mobile environments. The results from quantitative evaluations as well as a formative qualitative user study uncover the potentials of the proposed system and indicate that AR can serve as a promising tool in tooth decay management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxuan Zhou
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Human Photonics Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Paul Yoo
- Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Yingru Feng
- Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Aditya Sankar
- Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Alireza Sadr
- School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Eric J. Seibel
- Human Photonics Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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3
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Lee RC, Zhou Y, Finkleman S, Sadr A, Seibel EJ. Near-Infrared Imaging of Artificial Enamel Caries Lesions with a Scanning Fiber Endoscope. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19061419. [PMID: 30909442 PMCID: PMC6471210 DOI: 10.3390/s19061419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have shown that near-infrared imaging has great potential for the detection of dental caries lesions. A miniature scanning fiber endoscope (SFE) operating at near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths was developed and used in this study to test whether the device could be used to discriminate demineralized enamel from sound enamel. Varying depths of artificial enamel caries lesions were prepared on 20 bovine blocks with smooth enamel surfaces. Samples were imaged with a SFE operating in the reflectance mode at 1310-nm and 1460-nm in both wet and dry conditions. The measurements acquired by the SFE operating at 1460-nm show significant difference between the sound and the demineralized enamel. There was a moderate positive correlation between the SFE measurements and micro-CT measurements, and the NIR SFE was able to detect the presence of demineralization with high sensitivity (0.96) and specificity (0.85). This study demonstrates that the NIR SFE can be used to detect early demineralization from sound enamel. In addition, the NIR SFE can differentiate varying severities of demineralization. With its very small form factor and maneuverability, the NIR SFE should allow clinicians to easily image teeth from multiple viewing angles in real-time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Lee
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Yaxuan Zhou
- Human Photonics Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, 4000 Mason St, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Washington, 185 E Stevens Way NE, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Sara Finkleman
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Alireza Sadr
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
- Biomimetics Biomaterials Biophotonics & Technology (B4T) Lab, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Eric J Seibel
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
- Human Photonics Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, 4000 Mason St, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Washington, 185 E Stevens Way NE, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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4
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Belykh E, Miller EJ, Hu D, Martirosyan NL, Woolf EC, Scheck AC, Byvaltsev VA, Nakaji P, Nelson LY, Seibel EJ, Preul MC. Scanning Fiber Endoscope Improves Detection of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid-Induced Protoporphyrin IX Fluorescence at the Boundary of Infiltrative Glioma. World Neurosurg 2018; 113:e51-e69. [PMID: 29408716 PMCID: PMC5924630 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2018.01.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fluorescence-guided surgery with protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) as a photodiagnostic marker is gaining acceptance for resection of malignant gliomas. Current wide-field imaging technologies do not have sufficient sensitivity to detect low PpIX concentrations. We evaluated a scanning fiber endoscope (SFE) for detection of PpIX fluorescence in gliomas and compared it to an operating microscope (OPMI) equipped with a fluorescence module and to a benchtop confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). METHODS 5-Aminolevulinic acid-induced PpIX fluorescence was assessed in GL261-Luc2 cells in vitro and in vivo after implantation in mouse brains, at an invading glioma growth stage, simulating residual tumor. Intraoperative fluorescence of high and low PpIX concentrations in normal brain and tumor regions with SFE, OPMI, CLSM, and histopathology were compared. RESULTS SFE imaging of PpIX correlated to CLSM at the cellular level. PpIX accumulated in normal brain cells but significantly less than in glioma cells. SFE was more sensitive to accumulated PpIX in fluorescent brain areas than OPMI (P < 0.01) and dramatically increased imaging time (>6×) before tumor-to-background contrast was diminished because of photobleaching. CONCLUSIONS SFE provides new endoscopic capabilities to view PpIX-fluorescing tumor regions at cellular resolution. SFE may allow accurate imaging of 5-aminolevulinic acid labeling of gliomas and other tumor types when current detection techniques have failed to provide reliable visualization. SFE was significantly more sensitive than OPMI to low PpIX concentrations, which is relevant to identifying the leading edge or metastasizing cells of malignant glioma or to treating low-grade gliomas. This new application has the potential to benefit surgical outcomes.
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MESH Headings
- Administration, Oral
- Aminolevulinic Acid/administration & dosage
- Aminolevulinic Acid/pharmacokinetics
- Animals
- Biotransformation
- Brain Neoplasms/chemistry
- Brain Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging
- Brain Neoplasms/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Female
- Fiber Optic Technology/instrumentation
- Fluorescent Dyes/analysis
- Genes, Reporter
- Glioma/chemistry
- Glioma/diagnostic imaging
- Glioma/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Microscopy, Confocal/instrumentation
- Microscopy, Confocal/methods
- Microscopy, Fluorescence/instrumentation
- Microscopy, Fluorescence/methods
- Neoplasm Grading
- Neoplasm Invasiveness
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Neuroendoscopes
- Neuroendoscopy/instrumentation
- Neuroendoscopy/methods
- Photobleaching
- Photosensitizing Agents/analysis
- Protoporphyrins/analysis
- Protoporphyrins/biosynthesis
- Single-Cell Analysis
- Surgery, Computer-Assisted/instrumentation
- Surgery, Computer-Assisted/methods
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenii Belykh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Irkutsk State Medical University, Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Eric J Miller
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Danying Hu
- Biorobotics Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Nikolay L Martirosyan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Eric C Woolf
- Department of Neuro-Oncology Research, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Adrienne C Scheck
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, USA; Department of Neuro-Oncology Research, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Vadim A Byvaltsev
- Department of Neurosurgery, Irkutsk State Medical University, Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Peter Nakaji
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Leonard Y Nelson
- Human Photonics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Eric J Seibel
- Human Photonics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Mark C Preul
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.
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5
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Jeong TS, Park JK, Ko CC, Garcia-Godoy F, Kwon YH. Difference assessment of composite resins and sound tooth applicable in the resin-imbedded tooth for resin repair using fluorescence, microhardness, DIAGNOdent, and X-ray image. Clin Oral Investig 2018; 23:293-301. [PMID: 29671053 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-018-2436-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Visual differentiation of resin and tooth in a tooth cavity is not simple due to their highly similar shade. The purpose of the present study was to find any noninvasive method which can effectively differentiate resin from sound tooth in a resin-imbedded tooth for resin repair. MATERIALS AND METHODS For the study, various resin products were imbedded into the cavity of sound tooth. By applying laser of different wavelengths, autofluorescence (AF) of sound tooth and resin products were obtained. Microhardness, X-ray radiograph, and DIAGNOdent were tested for each tooth, resin product, and resin-imbedded tooth. RESULTS For the AF spectra obtained using the 405-nm wavelength, sound tooth has emission peak at 440-470 nm and near 490 nm. Sound tooth has several times higher microhardness than resin products regardless of position in tooth subsurface. Due to the difference of radiopaque fillers' composition and concentration, resin products have different brightness in the X-ray radiograph. DIAGNOdent readings for tooth and resin products were inconsistently different, and the difference of obtained values was slightly not to be applicable for the differentiation. CONCLUSION Among the tested methods, with noninvasive treatment, AF spectrum by the 405-nm wavelength showed the apparent difference between resin and tooth. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE For the resin repair in a resin-imbedded tooth cavity, AF spectrum produced by 405-nm wavelength could be a useful method in tracing the resin-tooth boundary if combined with conventional X-ray radiography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Sung Jeong
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Kil Park
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, South Korea
| | - Ching-Chang Ko
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Franklin Garcia-Godoy
- Department of Bioscience Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, College of Dentistry, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Yong Hoon Kwon
- Department of Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, South Korea.
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6
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Hu D, Gong Y, Seibel EJ, Sekhar LN, Hannaford B. Semi-autonomous image-guided brain tumour resection using an integrated robotic system: A bench-top study. Int J Med Robot 2018; 14:10.1002/rcs.1872. [PMID: 29105281 PMCID: PMC5762424 DOI: 10.1002/rcs.1872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Complete brain tumour resection is an extremely critical factor for patients' survival rate and long-term quality of life. This paper introduces a prototype medical robotic system that aims to automatically detect and clean up brain tumour residues after the removal of tumour bulk through conventional surgery. METHODS We focus on the development of an integrated surgical robotic system for image-guided robotic brain surgery. The Behavior Tree framework is explored to coordinate cross-platform medical subtasks. RESULTS The integrated system was tested on a simulated laboratory platform. Results and performance indicate the feasibility of supervised semi-automation for residual brain tumour ablation in a simulated surgical cavity with sub-millimetre accuracy. The modularity in the control architecture allows straightforward integration of further medical devices. CONCLUSIONS This work presents a semi-automated laboratory setup, simulating an intraoperative robotic neurosurgical procedure with real-time endoscopic image guidance and provides a foundation for the future transition from engineering approaches to clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danying Hu
- Biorobotics Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Yuanzheng Gong
- Human Photonics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Eric J Seibel
- Human Photonics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Laligam N Sekhar
- Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Blake Hannaford
- Biorobotics Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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7
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Ko CC, Yi DH, Lee DJ, Kwon J, Garcia-Godoy F, Kwon YH. Diagnosis and staging of caries using spectral factors derived from the blue laser-induced autofluorescence spectrum. J Dent 2017; 67:77-83. [PMID: 28993243 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2017.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to identify the factors derived from the 405nm laser-induced autofluorescence (AF) spectra that could be used to diagnose and stage caries. MATERIALS AND METHODS Teeth (20 teeth per stage) were classified as sound, stage II, III, and IV based on a visual and tactile inspection. The specimens were re-examined and reclassified based on micro-CT analysis. From the teeth, the AF was obtained using a 405nm laser. Three spectral factors (spectral slope at 550-600nm, area under the curve at 500-590nm, and two-peak ratio between 625 and 667nm) were derived from the AF spectra. Using these factors, the diagnosis and staging of caries were tested, and the results were compared with those of DIAGNOdent. RESULTS After micro-CT analysis, only 13, 11, and 13 teeth were reclassified as stages II, III, and IV, respectively. The reclassified groups showed less data overlap between the stages, and the spectral slope was 40.1-74.6, 27.5-39.6, 11.1-27.4, and 1.0-9.7 for sound, stage II, III, and IV, respectively. The differentiation of stages III and IV using DIAGNOdent appeared to be difficult due to the considerable data overlap. CONCLUSION Among the factors tested, the spectral slope at 550-600nm showed the best match with the caries specimens, in which their stage had been identified precisely. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The 405nm laser-induced AF spectra can be applied to the diagnosis and staging of caries alone or in conjunction with conventional methods, such as visual, tactile, and X-ray inspection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Chang Ko
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Dong-Ho Yi
- Department of Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Dong Joon Lee
- NC Oral Health Institute, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jane Kwon
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Franklin Garcia-Godoy
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, College of Dentistry, Department of Bioscience Research, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Yong Hoon Kwon
- Department of Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea.
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8
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Multimodal laser-based angioscopy for structural, chemical and biological imaging of atherosclerosis. Nat Biomed Eng 2017. [PMID: 28555172 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-016-0023.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The complex nature of atherosclerosis demands high-resolution approaches to identify subtle thrombogenic lesions and define the risk of plaque rupture. Here, we report the proof-of-concept use of a multimodal scanning fiber endoscope (SFE) consisting of a single optical fiber scanned by a piezoelectric drive that illuminates tissue with red, blue, and green laser beams, and digitally reconstructs images at 30 Hz with high resolution and large fields-of-view. By combining laser-induced reflectance and fluorescence emission of intrinsic fluorescent constituents in arterial tissues, the SFE allowed us to co-generate endoscopic videos with a label-free biochemical map to derive a morphological and spectral classifier capable of discriminating early, intermediate, advanced, and complicated atherosclerotic plaques. We demonstrate the capability of scanning fiber angioscopy for the molecular imaging of vulnerable atherosclerosis by targeting proteolytic activity with a fluorescent probe activated by matrix metalloproteinases. We also show that the SFE generates high-quality spectral images in vivo in an animal model with medium-sized arteries. Multimodal laser-based angioscopy could become a platform for the diagnosis, prognosis, and image-guided therapy of atherosclerosis.
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9
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Multimodal laser-based angioscopy for structural, chemical and biological imaging of atherosclerosis. Nat Biomed Eng 2017; 1. [PMID: 28555172 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-016-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The complex nature of atherosclerosis demands high-resolution approaches to identify subtle thrombogenic lesions and define the risk of plaque rupture. Here, we report the proof-of-concept use of a multimodal scanning fiber endoscope (SFE) consisting of a single optical fiber scanned by a piezoelectric drive that illuminates tissue with red, blue, and green laser beams, and digitally reconstructs images at 30 Hz with high resolution and large fields-of-view. By combining laser-induced reflectance and fluorescence emission of intrinsic fluorescent constituents in arterial tissues, the SFE allowed us to co-generate endoscopic videos with a label-free biochemical map to derive a morphological and spectral classifier capable of discriminating early, intermediate, advanced, and complicated atherosclerotic plaques. We demonstrate the capability of scanning fiber angioscopy for the molecular imaging of vulnerable atherosclerosis by targeting proteolytic activity with a fluorescent probe activated by matrix metalloproteinases. We also show that the SFE generates high-quality spectral images in vivo in an animal model with medium-sized arteries. Multimodal laser-based angioscopy could become a platform for the diagnosis, prognosis, and image-guided therapy of atherosclerosis.
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10
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Yousefi B, Fleuret J, Zhang H, Maldague XPV, Watt R, Klein M. Automated assessment and tracking of human body thermal variations using unsupervised clustering. APPLIED OPTICS 2016; 55:D162-D172. [PMID: 27958451 DOI: 10.1364/ao.55.00d162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The presented approach addresses a review of the overheating that occurs during radiological examinations, such as magnetic resonance imaging, and a series of thermal experiments to determine a thermally suitable fabric material that should be used for radiological gowns. Moreover, an automatic system for detecting and tracking of the thermal fluctuation is presented. It applies hue-saturated-value-based kernelled k-means clustering, which initializes and controls the points that lie on the region-of-interest (ROI) boundary. Afterward, a particle filter tracks the targeted ROI during the video sequence independently of previous locations of overheating spots. The proposed approach was tested during experiments and under conditions very similar to those used during real radiology exams. Six subjects have voluntarily participated in these experiments. To simulate the hot spots occurring during radiology, a controllable heat source was utilized near the subject's body. The results indicate promising accuracy for the proposed approach to track hot spots. Some approximations were used regarding the transmittance of the atmosphere, and emissivity of the fabric could be neglected because of the independence of the proposed approach for these parameters. The approach can track the heating spots continuously and correctly, even for moving subjects, and provides considerable robustness against motion artifact, which occurs during most medical radiology procedures.
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11
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Son SA, Jung KH, Ko CC, Kwon YH. Spectral characteristics of caries-related autofluorescence spectra and their use for diagnosis of caries stage. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2016; 21:15001. [PMID: 26747473 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.21.1.015001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Ae Son
- Pusan National University, School of Dentistry, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong-Hoon Jung
- Kookmin University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Ching-Chang Ko
- University of North Carolina, School of Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Yong Hoon Kwon
- Pusan National University, School of Dentistry, Department of Dental Materials, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
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12
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Rugg AL, Nelson LY, Timoshchuk MAI, Seibel EJ. Design and Fabrication of a Disposable Dental Handpiece for Clinical Use of a New Laser-Based Therapy-Monitoring System. J Med Device 2015. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4031800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental caries, the breakdown of tooth enamel by bacteria infection that causes cavities in the enamel, is the most common chronic disease in individuals 6–19 years of age in the U.S. Optical detection of caries has been shown to be sensitive to the presence of bacteria and the resulting demineralization of enamel. The scanning fiber endoscope (SFE) is a miniature camera system that can detect early stages of caries by performing high-quality imaging and laser fluorescence spectroscopy with 405 nm excitation. Because optical imaging of caries does not involve radiation risk, repeated imaging of the teeth is acceptable during treatment of the bacterial infection to monitor healing. A disposable handpiece was designed and fabricated to position the flexible fiber optic SFE probe for quantitative measurements. Plastic 3D-printed handpiece prototypes were tested with the SFE and a fluorescence calibration standard to verify mechanical fit and absence of signal contamination. Design feedback was provided by pediatric dentists and staff engineers to guide iterations. The final design configuration was based on the need to image interproximal regions (contact surfaces between adjacent teeth), ergonomics, and probe safety. The final handpiece design: (1) is safe for both the patient and the probe, (2) allows easy SFE insertion and removal, (3) does not interfere with spectral measurements, (4) standardizes the SFE's positioning during imaging by maintaining a consistent distance from the target surface, and (5) is significantly less expensive to produce and use than purchasing sanitary endoscope sheaths. The device will be used to help determine if new medicinal therapies can arrest caries and repair early interproximal demineralization under the clinical monitoring program. Ultimately, we anticipate that this handpiece will help us move closer toward widespread implementation of a dental diagnostic laser system that is safer and more sensitive than conventional methods for early caries detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L. Rugg
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 e-mail:
| | - Leonard Y. Nelson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | | | - Eric J. Seibel
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
- Human Photonics Lab, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
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13
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McVeigh PZ, Sacho R, Weersink RA, Pereira VM, Kucharczyk W, Seibel EJ, Wilson BC, Krings T. High-resolution angioscopic imaging during endovascular neurosurgery. Neurosurgery 2014; 75:171-80; discussion 179-80. [PMID: 24762703 PMCID: PMC4086773 DOI: 10.1227/neu.0000000000000383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endoluminal optical imaging, or angioscopy, has not seen widespread application during neurointerventional procedures, largely as a result of the poor imaging resolution of existing angioscopes. Scanning fiber endoscopes (SFEs) are a novel endoscopic platform that allows high-resolution video imaging in an ultraminiature form factor that is compatible with currently used distal access endoluminal catheters. OBJECTIVE To test the feasibility and potential utility of high-resolution angioscopy with an SFE during common endovascular neurosurgical procedures. METHODS A 3.7-French SFE was used in a porcine model system to image endothelial disruption, ischemic stroke and mechanical thrombectomy, aneurysm coiling, and flow-diverting stent placement. RESULTS High-resolution, video-rate imaging was shown to be possible during all of the common procedures tested and provided information that was complementary to standard fluoroscopic imaging. SFE angioscopy was able to assess novel factors such as aneurysm base coverage fraction and side branch patency, which have previously not been possible to determine with conventional angiography. CONCLUSION Endovascular imaging with an SFE provides important information on factors that cannot be assessed fluoroscopically and is a novel platform on which future neurointerventional techniques may be based because it allows for periprocedural inspection of the integrity of the vascular system and the deployed devices. In addition, it may be of diagnostic use for inspecting the vascular wall and postprocedure device evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Z McVeigh
- *Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto; ‡Department of Medical Imaging, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network; §Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre; ¶Techna Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; ‖Department of Medical Imaging, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; #Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; **Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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