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Song Z, Ou W, Li J, Zhang C, Fu W, Xiang W, Wang D, Wang K, Zhang Y. Sound Reception in the Yangtze Finless Porpoise and Its Extension to a Biomimetic Receptor. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 8:366. [PMID: 37622972 PMCID: PMC10452540 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8040366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Sound reception was investigated in the Yangtze finless porpoise (Neophocaena phocaenoides asiaeorientalis) at its most sensitive frequency. The computed tomography scanning, sound speed, and density results were used to develop a three-dimensional numerical model of the porpoise sound-reception system. The acoustic fields showed that sounds can reach the ear complexes from various pathways, with distinct receptivity peaks on the forward, left, and right sides. Reception peaks were identified on the ipsilateral sides of the respective ears and found on the opposite side of the ear complexes. These opposite maxima corresponded to subsidiary hearing pathways in the whole head, especially the lower head, suggesting the complexity of the sound-reception mechanism in the porpoise. The main and subsidiary sound-reception pathways likely render the whole head a spatial receptor. The low-speed and -density mandibular fats, compared to other acoustic structures, are significant energy enhancers for strengthening forward sound reception. Based on the porpoise reception model, a biomimetic receptor was developed to achieve directional reception, and in parallel to the mandibular fats, the silicon material of low speed and density can significantly improve forward reception. This bioinspired and biomimetic model can bridge the gap between animal sonar and artificial sound control systems, which presents potential to be exploited in manmade sonar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongchang Song
- Key Laboratory of Underwater Acoustic Communication and Marine Information Technology of the Ministry of Education, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; (Z.S.); (C.Z.); (W.F.)
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Wenzhan Ou
- Key Laboratory of Underwater Acoustic Communication and Marine Information Technology of the Ministry of Education, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; (Z.S.); (C.Z.); (W.F.)
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jiao Li
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Chuang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Underwater Acoustic Communication and Marine Information Technology of the Ministry of Education, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; (Z.S.); (C.Z.); (W.F.)
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Weijie Fu
- Key Laboratory of Underwater Acoustic Communication and Marine Information Technology of the Ministry of Education, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; (Z.S.); (C.Z.); (W.F.)
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Wenjie Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Underwater Acoustic Communication and Marine Information Technology of the Ministry of Education, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; (Z.S.); (C.Z.); (W.F.)
| | - Ding Wang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Kexiong Wang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Underwater Acoustic Communication and Marine Information Technology of the Ministry of Education, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; (Z.S.); (C.Z.); (W.F.)
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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Benites-Palomino A, Velez-Juarbe J, Altamirano-Sierra A, Collareta A, Carrillo-Briceño JD, Urbina M. Sperm whales (Physeteroidea) from the Pisco Formation, Peru, and their trophic role as fat sources for late Miocene sharks. Proc Biol Sci 2022; 289:20220774. [PMID: 35765834 PMCID: PMC9240678 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.0774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Shark-cetacean trophic interactions, preserved as bite marks in the fossil record, mostly correspond to isolated or fragmentary findings that bear limited information about major trophic patterns or roles. Here, we provide evidence of focalized foraging by sharks in the form of tooth bite marks over physeteroids fossil bones from the late Miocene of Peru. These findings indicate that sharks were targeting the forehead of coeval physeteroids to actively feed on their lipid-rich nasal complexes. Miocene physeteroids displayed a broad diversity, including giant predatorial forms, small benthic foragers and suction feeders. Like their extant relatives, these animals exhibited enlarged fatty forehead organs responsible for their sound production capabilities, thus evolving taxon-specific cranial architecture. Bite marks are found on the cranial bones where these structures were attached, indicating that sharks actively targeted this region; but also, in areas that would only be accessible following the consumption of the surrounding soft tissues. The shape of the bite marks and their distribution suggests a series of consecutive scavenging events by individuals of different shark species. Similar bite patterns can be recognized on other Miocene physeteroids fossils from across the globe, suggesting that sharks actively exploited physeteroid carcasses as fat sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Benites-Palomino
- Paläontologisches Institut und Museum, Universität Zürich, Karl-Schmid-Strasse 4, 8006 Zürich, Switzerland,Departamento de Paleontología de Vertebrados, Museo de Historia Natural-Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Avenida Arenales 1256, Lima 11, Peru
| | - Jorge Velez-Juarbe
- Department of Mammalogy, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 900 Exposition Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA,Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA
| | - Ali Altamirano-Sierra
- Departamento de Paleontología de Vertebrados, Museo de Historia Natural-Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Avenida Arenales 1256, Lima 11, Peru
| | - Alberto Collareta
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università di Pisa, via Santa Maria 53, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Jorge D. Carrillo-Briceño
- Paläontologisches Institut und Museum, Universität Zürich, Karl-Schmid-Strasse 4, 8006 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Mario Urbina
- Departamento de Paleontología de Vertebrados, Museo de Historia Natural-Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Avenida Arenales 1256, Lima 11, Peru
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Song Z, Zhang C, Fu W, Gao Z, Ou W, Zhang J, Zhang Y. Investigation on whistle directivity in the Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin (Sousa chinensis) through numerical modeling. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2022; 151:3573. [PMID: 35778211 DOI: 10.1121/10.0011513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Odontocetes have evolved special acoustic structures in the forehead to modulate echolocation and communication signals into directional beams to facilitate feeding and social behaviors. Whistle directivity was addressed for the Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin (Sousa chinensis) by developing numerical models in the current paper. Directivity was first examined at the fundamental frequency 5 kHz, and simulations were then extended to the harmonics of 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 kHz. At 5 kHz, the -3 dB beam widths in the vertical and horizontal planes were 149.3° and 119.4°, corresponding to the directivity indexes (DIs) of 4.4 and 5.4 dB, respectively. More importantly, we incorporated directivity of the fundamental frequency and harmonics to produce an overall beam, resulting in -3 dB beam widths of 77.2° and 62.9° and DIs of 8.2 and 9.7 dB in the vertical and horizontal planes, respectively. Harmonics can enhance the directivity of fundamental frequency by 3.8 and 4.3 dB, respectively. These results suggested the transmission system can modulate whistles into directional projection, and harmonics can improve DI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongchang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Chuang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Weijie Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zhanyuan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Wenzhan Ou
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jinhu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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Song Z, Zhang J, Ou W, Zhang C, Dong L, Dong J, Li S, Zhang Y. Numerical-modeling-based investigation of sound transmission and reception in the short-finned pilot whale (Globicephala macrorhynchus). THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2021; 150:225. [PMID: 34340515 DOI: 10.1121/10.0005518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The sound-transmission, beam-formation, and sound-reception processes of a short-finned pilot whale (Globicephala macrorhynchus) were investigated using computed tomography (CT) scanning and numerical simulation. The results showed that sound propagations in the forehead were modulated by the upper jaw, air components, and soft tissues, which attributed to the beam formation in the external acoustic field. These structures owned different acoustic impedance and formed a multiphasic sound transmission system that can modulate sounds into a beam. The reception pathways composed of the solid mandible and acoustic fats in the lower head conducted sounds into the tympano-periotic complex. In the simulations, sounds were emitted in the forehead transmission system and propagated into water to interrogate a steel cylinder. The resulting echoes can be interpreted from multiple perspectives, including amplitude, waveform, and spectrum, to obtain the acoustic cues of the steel cylinder. By taking the short-finned pilot whale as an example, this study provides meaningful information to further deepen our understanding of biosonar system operations, and may expand sound-reception theory in odontocetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongchang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China
| | - Jinhu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Underwater Acoustic Communication and Marine Information Technology of the Ministry of Education, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China
| | - Wenzhan Ou
- Key Laboratory of Underwater Acoustic Communication and Marine Information Technology of the Ministry of Education, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China
| | - Chuang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Underwater Acoustic Communication and Marine Information Technology of the Ministry of Education, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China
| | - Lijun Dong
- Marine Mammal and Marine Bioacoustics Laboratory, Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572000, China
| | - Jianchen Dong
- Marine Mammal and Marine Bioacoustics Laboratory, Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572000, China
| | - Songhai Li
- Marine Mammal and Marine Bioacoustics Laboratory, Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572000, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Underwater Acoustic Communication and Marine Information Technology of the Ministry of Education, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China
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Feng W, Zhang Y, Wei C. A biosonar model of finless porpoise (Neophocaena phocaenoides) for material composition discrimination of cylinders. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2019; 146:1362. [PMID: 31472536 DOI: 10.1121/1.5122981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Research into the physical mechanism of odontocetes biosonar has made great progress in the past several decades, especially on wave propagation and biosonar beam formation in the foreheads of odontocetes. Although a number of experimental studies have been performed, the physical mechanism of odontocetes underwater target discrimination has not yet been fully understood. Previous research has experimentally studied the finless porpoise's target discrimination using cylinders different in material [Nakahara, Takemura, Koido, and Hiruda (1997). Mar. Mamm. Sci. 13(4), 639-649]. The authors proposed a computed tomography based finite element biosonar model to simulate the detailed process of a finless porpoise click emission and target detection in order to gain a further understanding of the underlying physical mechanism. The numerical solutions of resonance features of both steel and acrylic cylinders in this study are very consistent with the analytic solutions. Furthermore, the simulated outgoing clicks and echoes match the experiment results measured by Nakahara et al. The beam patterns of the scattered field were extracted and the resonance features of cylinders in different materials were analyzed. This method in this study could be used to study some other odontocetes that are inaccessible for experimental work and could also provide physical information for intelligent biomimetic underwater signal processors design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Feng
- Key Laboratory of Underwater Acoustic Communication and Marine Information Technology of the Ministry of Education, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Underwater Acoustic Communication and Marine Information Technology of the Ministry of Education, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Chong Wei
- Centre for Marine Science & Technology, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth WA 6845, Australia
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Song Z, Zhang Y, Mooney TA, Wang X, Smith AB, Xu X. Investigation on acoustic reception pathways in finless porpoise (Neophocaena asiaorientalis sunameri) with insight into an alternative pathway. BIOINSPIRATION & BIOMIMETICS 2018; 14:016004. [PMID: 30421726 DOI: 10.1088/1748-3190/aaeb01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Sound transmission and reception are both vital components to odontocete echolocation and daily life. Here, we combine computed tomography (CT) scanning and finite element modeling to investigate the acoustic propagation of finless porpoise (Neophocaena asiaorientalis sunameri) echolocation pulses. The CT scanning and finite element method wave propagation model results support the well-accepted jaw-hearing pathway hypothesis and suggest an additional alternative auditory pathway composed of structures, mandible (lower jaw) and internal mandibular fat, with different acoustic impedances, which may also conduct sounds to the ear complexes. The internal mandibular fat is attached to the ear complex and encased by the mandibles laterally and anteriorly. The simulations show signals in this pathway initially propagate along the solid mandibles and are transmitted to the acoustically coupled soft tissue of the internal mandibular fat which conducts the stimuli posteriorly as it eventually arrives at ear complexes. While supporting traditional theories, this new bone-tissue conduction pathway might be meaningful to understand the hearing and sound reception processes in a wide variety of odontocetes species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongchang Song
- Key Laboratory of Underwater Acoustic Communication and Marine Information Technology of the Ministry of Education, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China. Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, United States of America
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Churchill M, Geisler JH, Beatty BL, Goswami A. Evolution of cranial telescoping in echolocating whales (Cetacea: Odontoceti). Evolution 2018; 72:1092-1108. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.13480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Churchill
- Department of Biology University of Wisconsin Oshkosh Oshkosh Wisconsin 54901
- Department of Anatomy, College of Osteopathic Medicine New York Institute of Technology Old Westbury New York 11568
| | - Jonathan H. Geisler
- Department of Biology University of Wisconsin Oshkosh Oshkosh Wisconsin 54901
| | - Brian L. Beatty
- Department of Biology University of Wisconsin Oshkosh Oshkosh Wisconsin 54901
| | - Anjali Goswami
- Life Sciences Department The Natural History Museum London SW7 5BD United Kingdom
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Song Z, Zhang Y, Thornton SW, Li S, Dong J. The influence of air-filled structures on wave propagation and beam formation of a pygmy sperm whale (Kogia breviceps) in horizontal and vertical planes. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2017; 142:2443. [PMID: 29092606 DOI: 10.1121/1.5008855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The wave propagation, sound field, and transmission beam pattern of a pygmy sperm whale (Kogia breviceps) were investigated in both the horizontal and vertical planes. Results suggested that the signals obtained at both planes were similarly characterized with a high peak frequency and a relatively narrow bandwidth, close to the ones recorded from live animals. The sound beam measured outside the head in the vertical plane was narrower than that of the horizontal one. Cases with different combinations of air-filled structures in both planes were used to study the respective roles in controlling wave propagation and beam formation. The wave propagations and beam patterns in the horizontal and vertical planes elucidated the important reflection effect of the spermaceti and vocal chambers on sound waves, which was highly significant in forming intensive forward sound beams. The air-filled structures, the forehead soft tissues and skull structures formed wave guides in these two planes for emitted sounds to propagate forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongchang Song
- Key Laboratory of Underwater Acoustic Communication and Marine Information Technology of the Ministry of Education, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Underwater Acoustic Communication and Marine Information Technology of the Ministry of Education, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Steven W Thornton
- Coastwise Consulting, Inc. 173 Virgina Avenue, Athens, Georgia 30601, USA
| | - Songhai Li
- Sanya Key Laboratory of Marine Mammal and Marine Bioacoustics, Sanya Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianchen Dong
- Sanya Key Laboratory of Marine Mammal and Marine Bioacoustics, Sanya Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572000, People's Republic of China
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Song Z, Zhang Y, Wang X, Wei C. A simulation of temperature influence on echolocation click beams of the Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin (Sousa chinensis). THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2017; 142:EL381. [PMID: 29092600 DOI: 10.1121/1.5006204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A finite element method was used to investigate the temperature influence on sound beams of the Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin. The numerical models of a dolphin, which originated from previous computed tomography (CT) scanning and physical measurement results, were used to investigate sound beam patterns of the dolphin in temperatures from 21 °C to 39 °C, in increments of 2 °C. The -3 dB beam widths across the temperatures ranged from 9.3° to 12.6°, and main beam angle ranged from 4.7° to 7.2° for these temperatures. The subsequent simulation suggested that the dolphin's sound beam patterns, side lobes in particular, were influenced by temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongchang Song
- Key Laboratory of Underwater Acoustic Communication and Marine Information Technology of the Ministry of Education, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China ;
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Underwater Acoustic Communication and Marine Information Technology of the Ministry of Education, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China ;
| | - Xianyan Wang
- Laboratory of Marine Biology and Ecology, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Chong Wei
- Acoustic Research Laboratory, Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, 12 A Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119222, Singapore
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Dong J, Song Z, Li S, Gong Z, Li K, Zhang P, Zhang Y, Zhang M. Acoustic properties of a short-finned pilot whale head with insight into temperature influence on tissues' sound velocity. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2017; 142:1901. [PMID: 29092562 DOI: 10.1121/1.5005509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Acoustic properties of odontocete head tissues, including sound velocity, density, and acoustic impedance, are important parameters to understand dynamics of its echolocation. In this paper, acoustic properties of head tissues from a freshly dead short-finned pilot whale (Globicephala macrorhynchus) were reconstructed using computed tomography (CT) and ultrasound. The animal's forehead soft tissues were cut into 188 ordered samples. Sound velocity, density, and acoustic impedance of each sample were either directly measured or calculated by formula, and Hounsfield Unit values (HUs) were obtained from CT scanning. According to relationships between HUs and sound velocity, HUs and density, as well as HUs and acoustic impedance, distributions of acoustic properties in the head were reconstructed. The inner core in the melon with low-sound velocity and low-density is an evidence for its potential function of sound focusing. The increase in acoustic impedance of forehead tissues from inner core to outer layer may be important for the acoustic impedance matching between the outer layer tissue and seawater. In addition, temperature dependence of sound velocity in soft tissues was also examined. The results provide a guide to the simulation of the sound emission of the short-finned pilot whale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianchen Dong
- Sanya Key Laboratory of Marine Mammal and Marine Bioacoustics, Institute of Deep-Sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572000, China
| | - Zhongchang Song
- Key Laboratory of Underwater Acoustic Communication and Marine Information Technology of the Ministry of Education, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Songhai Li
- Sanya Key Laboratory of Marine Mammal and Marine Bioacoustics, Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572000, China
| | - Zining Gong
- Sanya Key Laboratory of Marine Mammal and Marine Bioacoustics, Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572000, China
| | - Kuan Li
- Sanya Key Laboratory of Marine Mammal and Marine Bioacoustics, Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572000, China
| | - Peijun Zhang
- Sanya Key Laboratory of Marine Mammal and Marine Bioacoustics, Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572000, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Underwater Acoustic Communication and Marine Information Technology of the Ministry of Education, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Radiology Department, People's Hospital of Sanya, Sanya 572000, China
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Song Z, Zhang Y, Berggren P, Wei C. Reconstruction of the forehead acoustic properties in an Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin (Sousa chinensis), with investigation on the responses of soft tissue sound velocity to temperature. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2017; 141:681. [PMID: 28253667 DOI: 10.1121/1.4974861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Computed tomography (CT) imaging and ultrasound experimental measurements were combined to reconstruct the acoustic properties (density, velocity, and impedance) of the head from a deceased Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin (Sousa chinensis). The authors extracted 42 soft forehead tissue samples to estimate the sound velocity and density properties at room temperature, 25.0 °C. Hounsfield Units (HUs) of the samples were read from CT scans. Linear relationships between the tissues' HUs and velocity, and HUs and density were revealed through regression analyses. The distributions of the head acoustic properties at axial, coronal, and sagittal cross sections were reconstructed, suggesting that the forehead soft tissues were characterized by low-velocity in the melon, high-velocity in the muscle and connective tissues. Further, the sound velocities of melon, muscle, and connective tissue pieces were measured under different temperatures to investigate tissues' velocity response to temperature. The results demonstrated nonlinear relationships between tissues' sound velocity and temperature. This study represents a first attempt to provide general information on acoustic properties of this species. The results could provide meaningful information for understanding the species' bioacoustic characteristics and for further investigation on sound beam formation of the dolphin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongchang Song
- Key Laboratory of Underwater Acoustic Communication and Marine Information Technology of the Ministry of Education, College of Ocean and Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Underwater Acoustic Communication and Marine Information Technology of the Ministry of Education, College of Ocean and Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Per Berggren
- Dove Marine Laboratory, School of Marine Science and Technology, Newcastle University, Cullercoats, North Shields NE30 4PZ, United Kingdom
| | - Chong Wei
- Key Laboratory of Underwater Acoustic Communication and Marine Information Technology of the Ministry of Education, College of Ocean and Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
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