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Ni C, Hong M. Oligomerization of drug transporters: Forms, functions, and mechanisms. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:1924-1938. [PMID: 38799641 PMCID: PMC11119549 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2024.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Drug transporters are essential players in the transmembrane transport of a wide variety of clinical drugs. The broad substrate spectra and versatile distribution pattern of these membrane proteins infer their pharmacological and clinical significance. With our accumulating knowledge on the three-dimensional structure of drug transporters, their oligomerization status has become a topic of intense study due to the possible functional roles carried out by such kind of post-translational modification (PTM). In-depth studies of oligomeric complexes formed among drug transporters as well as their interactions with other regulatory proteins can help us better understand the regulatory mechanisms of these membrane proteins, provide clues for the development of novel drugs, and improve the therapeutic efficacy. In this review, we describe different oligomerization forms as well as their structural basis of major drug transporters in the ATP-binding cassette and solute carrier superfamilies, summarize our current knowledge on the influence of oligomerization for protein expression level and transport function of these membrane proteins, and discuss the regulatory mechanisms of oligomerization. Finally, we highlight the challenges associated with the current oligomerization studies and propose some thoughts on the pharmaceutical application of this important drug transporter PTM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxu Ni
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Mei Hong
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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2
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Azizi F, Kazemipour-Khabbazi S, Raimondo S, Dalirfardouei R. Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic application of extracellular vesicles from plants. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:425. [PMID: 38492036 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09379-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) isolated from animal sources are among the most investigated types of cell-free therapeutic tools to cure different diseases. sEVs have been isolated from a variety of sources, ranging from prokaryotes to animals and plants. Human-derived sEVs have many uses in pre- and clinical studies in medicine and drug delivery, while plant-derived EVs, also known as plant-derived nanovesicles (PDNVs), have not been widely investigated until the second decade of the 21st century. For the past five years, there has been a rapid rise in the use of plant EVs as a therapeutic tool due to the ease of massive production with high efficacy and yield of preparation. Plant EVs contain various active biomolecules such as proteins, regulatory RNAs, and secondary metabolites and play a key role in inter-kingdom communications. Many studies have already investigated the potential application of plant EVs in preventing and treating cancer, inflammation, infectious diseases, and tissue regeneration with no sign of toxicity and are therefore considered safe. However, due to a lack of universal markers, the properties of plant EVs have not been extensively studied. Concerns regarding the safety and therapeutic function of plant EVs derived from genetically modified plants have been raised. In this paper, we review the physiological role of EVs in plants. Moreover, we focus on molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the therapeutic effects of plant EVs on various human diseases. We also provide detailed information on the methodological aspects of plant EV isolation and analysis, which could pave the way for future clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Azizi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Science and Novel Technologies in Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Salva Kazemipour-Khabbazi
- Department of English Language and Persian Literature, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Stefania Raimondo
- Department of BioMedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D), Biology and Genetic section, University of Palermo, Palermo, 90133, Italy
| | - Razieh Dalirfardouei
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Science and Novel Technologies in Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
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3
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Olszewska AM, Nowak JI, Myszczynski K, Słominski A, Żmijewski MA. Dissection of an impact of VDR and RXRA on the genomic activity of 1,25(OH) 2D 3 in A431 squamous cell carcinoma. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2024; 582:112124. [PMID: 38123121 PMCID: PMC10872374 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2023.112124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human skin is the natural source, place of metabolism, and target for vitamin D3. The classical active form of vitamin D3, 1,25(OH)2D3, expresses pluripotent properties and is intensively studied in cancer prevention and therapy. To define the specific role of vitamin D3 receptor (VDR) and its co-receptor retinoid X receptor alpha (RXRA) in genomic regulation, VDR or RXRA genes were silenced in the squamous cell carcinoma cell line A431 and treated with 1,25(OH)2D3 at long incubation time points 24 h/72 h. Extending the incubation time of A431 WT (wild-type) cells with 1,25(OH)2D3 resulted in a two-fold increase in DEGs (differentially expressed genes) and a change in the amount of downregulated from 37% to 53%. VDR knockout led to a complete loss of 1,25(OH)2D3-induced genome-wide gene regulation at 24 h time point, but after 72 h, 20 DEGs were found, of which 75% were downregulated, and most of them belonged to the gene ontology group "immune response". This may indicate the existence of an alternative, secondary response to 1,25(OH)2D3. In contrast, treatment of A431 ΔRXRA cells with 1,25(OH)2D3 for 24 h only partially affected DEGs, suggesting RXRA-independent regulation. Interestingly, overexpression of classic 1,25(OH)2D3 targets, like CYP24A1 (family 24 of subfamily A of cytochrome P450 member 1) or CAMP (cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide) was found to be RXRA-independent. Also, immunofluorescence staining of A431 WT cells revealed partial VDR/RXRA colocalization after 24 h and 72 h 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment. Comparison of transcriptome changes induced by 1,25(OH)2D3 in normal keratinocytes vs. cancer cells showed high cell type specific expression pattern with only a few genes commonly regulated by 1,25(OH)2D3. Activation of the genomic pathway at least partially reversed the expression of cancer-related genes, forming a basis for anti-cancer activates of 1,25(OH)2D3. In summary, VDR or RXRA independent genomic activities of 1,25(OH)2D3 suggest the involvement of alternative factors, opening new challenges in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Olszewska
- Department of Histology, Medical University of Gdansk, 1a Debinki, 80-211Gdansk, Poland
| | - Joanna I Nowak
- Department of Histology, Medical University of Gdansk, 1a Debinki, 80-211Gdansk, Poland
| | - Kamil Myszczynski
- Centre of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Analysis Medical University of Gdansk, 1aDebinki, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Andrzej Słominski
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35292, USA; Birmingham Veteran Administration Medical Center, Birmingham, AL 35292, USA
| | - Michał A Żmijewski
- Department of Histology, Medical University of Gdansk, 1a Debinki, 80-211Gdansk, Poland.
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Khan SU, Fatima K, Aisha S, Malik F. Unveiling the mechanisms and challenges of cancer drug resistance. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:109. [PMID: 38347575 PMCID: PMC10860306 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01302-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer treatment faces many hurdles and resistance is one among them. Anti-cancer treatment strategies are evolving due to innate and acquired resistance capacity, governed by genetic, epigenetic, proteomic, metabolic, or microenvironmental cues that ultimately enable selected cancer cells to survive and progress under unfavorable conditions. Although the mechanism of drug resistance is being widely studied to generate new target-based drugs with better potency than existing ones. However, due to the broader flexibility in acquired drug resistance, advanced therapeutic options with better efficacy need to be explored. Combination therapy is an alternative with a better success rate though the risk of amplified side effects is commonplace. Moreover, recent groundbreaking precision immune therapy is one of the ways to overcome drug resistance and has revolutionized anticancer therapy to a greater extent with the only limitation of being individual-specific and needs further attention. This review will focus on the challenges and strategies opted by cancer cells to withstand the current therapies at the molecular level and also highlights the emerging therapeutic options -like immunological, and stem cell-based options that may prove to have better potential to challenge the existing problem of therapy resistance. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer Ullah Khan
- Division of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Division of Cancer Pharmacology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Srinagar-190005, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India.
| | - Kaneez Fatima
- Division of Cancer Pharmacology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Srinagar-190005, Jammu and Kashmir, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Shariqa Aisha
- Division of Cancer Pharmacology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Srinagar-190005, Jammu and Kashmir, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Fayaz Malik
- Division of Cancer Pharmacology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Srinagar-190005, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India.
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Ono H, Tanaka R, Suzuki Y, Oda A, Sato H, Tatsuta R, Ando T, Shin T, Ohno K, Itoh H. Relationship of plasma 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropanoic acid concentration with OATP1B activity in patients with chronic kidney disease. Clin Transl Sci 2024; 17:e13731. [PMID: 38564661 PMCID: PMC10844757 DOI: 10.1111/cts.13731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Organic anion-transporting polypeptides (OATP)1B are drug transporters mainly expressed in the sinusoidal membrane. Many studies have suggested that OATP1B activity is affected by genetic factor, the uremic toxin 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropanoic acid (CMPF), and inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Coproporphyrin-I (CP-I) is spotlighted as a highly accurate endogenous substrate of OATP1B. We previously reported a positive correlation between plasma CMPF and CP-I concentrations in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The present study evaluated the impact of genetic polymorphisms, CMPF, IL-6, TNF-α, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) on individual differences in OATP1B activity in patients with CKD. Seventy-three patients with CKD who received kidney transplant at least 3 months earlier were analyzed. Plasma CP-I concentration was higher in OATP1B1*15 carriers than in non-carriers. In all patients, CP-I did not correlate significantly with CMPF, IL-6, TNF-α, or eGFR. However, when the dataset was cut off at CMPF concentration of 8 and 7 μg/mL, 4 μg/mL, 3 μg/mL or 2 μg/mL, CMPF correlated positively with CP-I, and correlation coefficient tended to be higher as plasma CMPF concentration was lower. In conclusion, OATP1B1*15 impacted OATP1B activity in patients with CKD, but IL-6 and TNF-α did not. However, the impact of CMPF on OATP1B activity was limited to low CMPF concentrations, and the effect could be saturated at high concentrations. When prescribing an OATP1B substrate drug for patients with CKD, the OATP1B1*15 carrier status and plasma CMPF concentration may need to be considered to decide the dose regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Ono
- Department of Clinical PharmacyOita University HospitalYufuOitaJapan
| | - Ryota Tanaka
- Department of Clinical PharmacyOita University HospitalYufuOitaJapan
| | - Yosuke Suzuki
- Department of Medication Use Analysis and Clinical ResearchMeiji Pharmaceutical UniversityKiyoseTokyoJapan
| | - Ayako Oda
- Department of Medication Use Analysis and Clinical ResearchMeiji Pharmaceutical UniversityKiyoseTokyoJapan
| | - Haruki Sato
- Department of Medication Use Analysis and Clinical ResearchMeiji Pharmaceutical UniversityKiyoseTokyoJapan
| | - Ryosuke Tatsuta
- Department of Clinical PharmacyOita University HospitalYufuOitaJapan
| | - Tadasuke Ando
- Department of UrologyOita University Faculty of MedicineYufuOitaJapan
| | - Toshitaka Shin
- Department of UrologyOita University Faculty of MedicineYufuOitaJapan
| | - Keiko Ohno
- Department of Medication Use Analysis and Clinical ResearchMeiji Pharmaceutical UniversityKiyoseTokyoJapan
| | - Hiroki Itoh
- Department of Clinical PharmacyOita University HospitalYufuOitaJapan
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Li Y, Liu H, Liang T, Han W, Bo Z, Qiu T, Li J, Xu M, Wang W, Yang S, Gui C. Importance of N-Glycosylation for the Expression and Function of Human Organic Anion Transporting Polypeptide 2B1. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2023; 6:1347-1356. [PMID: 37854627 PMCID: PMC10580385 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.3c00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Human organic anion transporting polypeptide 2B1 (OATP2B1) is a membrane transporter widely expressed in organs crucial for drug absorption and disposition such as the intestine, liver, and kidney. Evidence indicates that OATP2B1 is a glycoprotein. However, the sites of glycosylation and their contribution to the function and expression of OATP2B1 are largely unknown. In this study, by site-directed mutagenesis, we determined that two of four potential N-glycosylation sites in OATP2B1, N176 and N538, are indeed glycosylated. Functional studies revealed that the transport activities of mutants N176Q and N538Q were greatly reduced as compared to that of wild-type OATP2B1. However, the reduced activity was not due to the impairment of transport function per se but due to the decreased surface expression as the Km and normalized Vmax values of N176Q and N538Q were comparable to those of OATP2B1. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) revealed that N176Q and N538Q mutations did not affect the expression of OATP2B1 at a transcriptional level. Immunofluorescence analysis showed that deglycosylated OATP2B1 was largely retained in the endoplasmic reticulum, which may activate the endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation pathway, and the ubiquitin-proteasome system played a major role in the degradation of OATP2B1. Taken together, OATP2B1 is N-glycosylated, and N-glycosylation is essential for the surface expression of OATP2B1 but not critical for the transport function of OATP2B1 per se.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Wanjun Han
- College of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou Industrial
Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Zheyue Bo
- College of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou Industrial
Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Tian Qiu
- College of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou Industrial
Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Jiawei Li
- College of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou Industrial
Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Mingming Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou Industrial
Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Weipeng Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou Industrial
Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Shuang Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou Industrial
Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Chunshan Gui
- College of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou Industrial
Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People’s
Republic of China
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Wang P, Murray JW, Wolkoff AW. Interaction of Human OATP1B1 with PDZK1 Is Required for Its Trafficking to the Hepatocyte Plasma Membrane. Drug Metab Dispos 2023; 51:1342-1349. [PMID: 37442606 PMCID: PMC10506696 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.123.001248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Uptake of xenobiotics by hepatocytes is mediated by specific proteins, including organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs), residing on the basolateral (sinusoidal) plasma membrane. Many of the OATPs have PDZ consensus binding sites, determined by their C-terminal 4 amino acids, while others do not. Mouse and rat OATP1A1 are associated with PDZK1, which is necessary for their trafficking to the plasma membrane. humanOATP1B1 (hOATP1B1) is a major drug transporter in human liver. Although localized to the plasma membrane, it was thought to lack a PDZ consensus motif, suggesting that the trafficking paradigm for murine OATPs is not applicable to human liver. The aim of the present study was to determine whether hOATP1B1 is a ligand for hPDZK1. hOATP1B1 immunoprecipitates with hPDZK1 following co-expression in 293T cells as well as in normal human liver. Co-expression with each of the 4 PDZ domains revealed interaction with domain 1 only. A truncated version of hOATP1B1 that lacks its terminal 4 amino acid PDZ binding motif as well as hOATP1B3, which does not contain a PDZ binding consensus motif, failed to interact with hPDZK1. Immunofluorescence microscopy of hOATP1B1 in stably transfected HeLa cells that endogenously express hPDZK1 showed that it distributes predominantly along the plasma membrane whereas hOATP1B1 lacking its terminal 4 amino acids distributes primarily intracellularly with little plasma membrane localization. Similar to findings in rats and mice, human OATP1B1 is a ligand for PDZK1 and requires interaction with PDZK1 for optimal trafficking to the hepatocyte plasma membrane. SIGNIFICANCE: Previous studies suggested that OATP1B1, a major xenobiotic transporter in human liver, does not have a PDZ binding consensus motif and does not follow the paradigm for subcellular trafficking and function that was established for OATP1A1 in murine liver. We now demonstrated that OATP1B1 but not OATP1B3 has a PDZ binding consensus motif that mediates binding to PDZK1 and is required for its trafficking to the plasma membrane. Such interaction could be an important previously unrecognized modulator of transport function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pijun Wang
- Marion Bessin Liver Research Center (P.W., J.W.M., A.W.W.), Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology (J.W.M., A.W.W.), and Division of Hepatology (A.W.W.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York
| | - John W Murray
- Marion Bessin Liver Research Center (P.W., J.W.M., A.W.W.), Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology (J.W.M., A.W.W.), and Division of Hepatology (A.W.W.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York
| | - Allan W Wolkoff
- Marion Bessin Liver Research Center (P.W., J.W.M., A.W.W.), Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology (J.W.M., A.W.W.), and Division of Hepatology (A.W.W.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York
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Przybylla R, Krohn M, Sellin ML, Frank M, Oswald S, Linnebacher M. Novel In Vitro Models for Cell Differentiation and Drug Transport Studies of the Human Intestine. Cells 2023; 12:2371. [PMID: 37830585 PMCID: PMC10572004 DOI: 10.3390/cells12192371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The most common in vitro model for absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) purposes is currently the Caco-2 cell line. However, clear differences in gene and protein expression towards the small intestine and an, at best, fair prediction accuracy of intestinal drug absorption restrict the usefulness of a model for intestinal epithelial cells. To overcome these limitations, we evaluated a panel of low-passaged patient-derived colorectal cancer cell lines of the HROC collection concerning similarities to small intestinal epithelial cells and their potential to predict intestinal drug absorption. After initial screening of a larger panel, ten cell lines with confluent outgrowth and long-lasting barrier-forming potential were further characterized in close detail. Tight junctional complexes and microvilli structures were detected in all lines, anda higher degree of differentiation was observed in 5/10 cell lines. All lines expressed multiple transporter molecules, with the expression levels in three lines being close to those of small intestinal epithelial cells. Compared with the Caco-2 model, three HROC lines demonstrated both higher similarity to jejunal epithelial tissue cells and higher regulatory potential of relevant drug transporters. In summary, these lines would be better-suited human small intestinal epithelium models for basic and translational research, especially for ADME studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randy Przybylla
- Molecular Oncology and Immunotherapy, Clinic of General Surgery, Rostock University Medical Centre, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (R.P.); (M.K.)
| | - Mathias Krohn
- Molecular Oncology and Immunotherapy, Clinic of General Surgery, Rostock University Medical Centre, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (R.P.); (M.K.)
| | - Marie-Luise Sellin
- Research Laboratory for Biomechanics and Implant Technology, Department of Orthopedics, Rostock University Medical Centre, 18057 Rostock, Germany;
| | - Marcus Frank
- Medical Biology and Electron Microscopy Centre, 18057 Rostock, Germany;
- Department Life, Light and Matter, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Stefan Oswald
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rostock University Medical Centre, 18057 Rostock, Germany;
| | - Michael Linnebacher
- Molecular Oncology and Immunotherapy, Clinic of General Surgery, Rostock University Medical Centre, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (R.P.); (M.K.)
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Xue Y, Xiao B, Xia Z, Dai L, Xia Q, Zhong L, Zhu C, Zhu J. A New OATP-Mediated Hepatobiliary-Specific Mn(II)-Based MRI Contrast Agent for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Mice: A Comparison With Gd-EOB-DTPA. J Magn Reson Imaging 2023; 58:926-933. [PMID: 36609994 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.28590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growing concerns about the safety of gadolinium (Gd)-based contrast agents have reinforced the need for the development of Gd-free MRI contrast agents (CAs) that are effective in imaging liver tumors. PURPOSE To evaluate the ability of Mn-BnO-TyEDTA MRI CA to detect hepatocellular carcinoma in a mouse model of implanted liver tumor. STUDY TYPE Prospective. ANIMAL MODEL Thirteen orthotopically implanted liver tumor mice. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE 3.0 T/precontrast and postcontrast T1-weighted fast spoiled gradient recalled echo and T2-weighted fast recovery fast spin-echo imaging with fat suppression. ASSESSMENT The relative enhancement ratio was calculated and statistically compared. Lesion detection in postcontrast images was analyzed by calculations of area under the curve (AUC, the increases in liver-to-tumor contrast-to-noise ratio [∆CNR] vs. time curve). Mn or Gd levels were measured in the liver and tumoral tissues by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Tumor specimens were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and the expression of organic anion transfer peptide (OATP)1B1 was evaluated by immunofluorescence (IF) staining and mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) was calculated. STATISTICAL TESTS Unpaired t-test and two-tailed paired t-test. P < 0.05 was considered statistical significance. RESULTS Mn-BnO-TyEDTA and Gd-EOB-DTPA demonstrated nearly identical enhancement patterns in the liver, tumor, and psoas muscle and no difference in lesion detection (AUC10-30, Mn = 851 ∆CR·min, AUC10-30, Gd = 823 ∆CR·min). A Significant higher concentration of metal (Mn or Gd) was found in the liver compared to the tumor ([Mn]liver = 0.88 ± 0.07 μmmol/g, [Mn]tumor = 0.49 ± 0.05 μmmol/g, [Gd]liver = 0.65 ± 0.07 μmmol/g, [Gd]tumor = 0.27 ± 0.04 μmmol/g). IF staining showed significantly decreased expression of OATP1B1 in the tumor core compared to the liver (MFItumor = 5.28 ± 1.54, MFIliver = 25.49 ± 3.41). DATA CONCLUSION Mn-BnO-TyEDTA can provide comparable hepatobiliary tumor contrast enhancement to Gd-EOB-DTPA. EVIDENCE LEVEL 1 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Xue
- Medical Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Bin Xiao
- Medical Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhiyang Xia
- Medical Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Lixiong Dai
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Biophysics, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qian Xia
- Medical Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Lei Zhong
- Medical Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Chunrong Zhu
- Medical Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiang Zhu
- Medical Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
- School of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
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10
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Li Y, Drabison T, Nepal M, Ho RH, Leblanc AF, Gibson AA, Jin Y, Yang W, Huang KM, Uddin ME, Chen M, DiGiacomo DF, Chen X, Razzaq S, Tonniges JR, McTigue DM, Mims AS, Lustberg MB, Wang Y, Hummon AB, Evans WE, Baker SD, Cavaletti G, Sparreboom A, Hu S. Targeting a xenobiotic transporter to ameliorate vincristine-induced sensory neuropathy. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e164646. [PMID: 37347545 PMCID: PMC10443802 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.164646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Vincristine is a widely used chemotherapeutic drug for the treatment of multiple malignant diseases that causes a dose-limiting peripheral neurotoxicity. There is no clinically effective preventative treatment for vincristine-induced sensory peripheral neurotoxicity (VIPN), and mechanistic details of this side effect remain poorly understood. We hypothesized that VIPN is dependent on transporter-mediated vincristine accumulation in dorsal root ganglion neurons. Using a xenobiotic transporter screen, we identified OATP1B3 as a neuronal transporter regulating the uptake of vincristine. In addition, genetic or pharmacological inhibition of the murine orthologue transporter OATP1B2 protected mice from various hallmarks of VIPN - including mechanical allodynia, thermal hyperalgesia, and changes in digital maximal action potential amplitudes and neuronal morphology - without negatively affecting plasma levels or antitumor effects of vincristine. Finally, we identified α-tocopherol from an untargeted metabolomics analysis as a circulating endogenous biomarker of neuronal OATP1B2 function, and it could serve as a companion diagnostic to guide dose selection of OATP1B-type transport modulators given in combination with vincristine to prevent VIPN. Collectively, our findings shed light on the fundamental basis of VIPN and provide a rationale for the clinical development of transporter inhibitors to prevent this debilitating side effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy & Comprehensive Cancer Center, and
- Division of Outcomes and Translational Sciences, College of Pharmacy & Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Thomas Drabison
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy & Comprehensive Cancer Center, and
| | - Mahesh Nepal
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy & Comprehensive Cancer Center, and
- Division of Outcomes and Translational Sciences, College of Pharmacy & Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Richard H. Ho
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Alix F. Leblanc
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy & Comprehensive Cancer Center, and
| | - Alice A. Gibson
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy & Comprehensive Cancer Center, and
| | - Yan Jin
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy & Comprehensive Cancer Center, and
| | - Wenjian Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kevin M. Huang
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy & Comprehensive Cancer Center, and
| | - Muhammad Erfan Uddin
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy & Comprehensive Cancer Center, and
| | - Mingqing Chen
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy & Comprehensive Cancer Center, and
| | - Duncan F. DiGiacomo
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy & Comprehensive Cancer Center, and
| | - Xihui Chen
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy & Comprehensive Cancer Center, and
| | - Sobia Razzaq
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy & Comprehensive Cancer Center, and
| | | | - Dana M. McTigue
- The Belford Center for Spinal Cord Injury & Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, and
| | - Alice S. Mims
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Maryam B. Lustberg
- The Breast Center at Smilow Cancer Hospital at Yale, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Yijia Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry & Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Amanda B. Hummon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry & Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - William E. Evans
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Sharyn D. Baker
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy & Comprehensive Cancer Center, and
| | - Guido Cavaletti
- Experimental Neurology Unit and Milan Center for Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Alex Sparreboom
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy & Comprehensive Cancer Center, and
| | - Shuiying Hu
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy & Comprehensive Cancer Center, and
- Division of Outcomes and Translational Sciences, College of Pharmacy & Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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11
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Martha L, Nakata A, Furuya S, Liu W, Zhang X, Mizoi K, Ogihara T. Transporter and metabolic enzyme-mediated intra-enteric circulation of SN-38, an active metabolite of irinotecan: A new concept. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 665:19-25. [PMID: 37148742 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.04.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
SN-38, an active metabolite of irinotecan (CPT-11), is thought to circulate enterohepatically via organic anion-transporting polypeptides (OATPs), UDP-glucuronyl transferases (UGTs), multidrug resistance-related protein 2 (MRP2), and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP). These transporters and enzymes are expressed in not only hepatocytes but also enterocytes. Therefore, we hypothesized that SN-38 circulates between the intestinal lumen and the enterocytes via these transporters and metabolic enzymes. To test this hypothesis, metabolic and transport studies of SN-38 and its glucuronide (SN-38G) were conducted in Caco-2 cells. The mRNA levels of UGTs, MRP2, BCRP, and OATP2B1 were confirmed in Caco-2 cells. SN-38 was converted to SN-38G in Caco-2 cells. The efflux of intracellularly generated SN-38G across the apical (digestive tract) membranes was significantly higher than the efflux across the basolateral (blood, portal vein) membranes of Caco-2 cells cultured on polycarbonate membranes. SN-38G efflux to the apical side was significantly reduced in the presence of MRP2 and BCRP inhibitors, suggesting that SN-38G is transported across the apical membrane by MRP2 and BCRP. Treatment of Caco-2 cells with OATP2B1 siRNA increased the SN-38 residue on the apical side, confirming that OATP2B1 is involved in the uptake of SN-38 into enterocytes. No SN-38 was detected on the basolateral side with or without siRNA treatment, suggesting that the enterohepatic circulation of SN-38 is limited, contrary to previous reports. These results suggest that SN-38 is absorbed into the enterocytes via OATP2B1, glucuronidated by UGTs to SN-38G, and excreted into the digestive tract lumen by MRP2 and BCRP. SN-38G can be deconjugated by β-glucuronidase from intestinal bacteria in the digestive tract lumen to regenerate SN-38. We named this new concept of local drug circulation "intra-enteric circulation." This mechanism may allow SN-38 to circulate in the intestine and cause the development of delayed diarrhea, a serious side effect of CPT-11.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larasati Martha
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, 60 Nakaorui-machi, Takasaki-shi, Gunma, 370-0033, Japan; Kendai Translational Research Center (KTRC), 60 Nakaorui-machi, Takasaki-shi, Gunma, 370-0033, Japan.
| | - Akane Nakata
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, 60 Nakaorui-machi, Takasaki-shi, Gunma, 370-0033, Japan
| | - Shinnosuke Furuya
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, 60 Nakaorui-machi, Takasaki-shi, Gunma, 370-0033, Japan
| | - Wangyang Liu
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, 60 Nakaorui-machi, Takasaki-shi, Gunma, 370-0033, Japan
| | - Xieyi Zhang
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, 60 Nakaorui-machi, Takasaki-shi, Gunma, 370-0033, Japan; Kendai Translational Research Center (KTRC), 60 Nakaorui-machi, Takasaki-shi, Gunma, 370-0033, Japan
| | - Kenta Mizoi
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, 60 Nakaorui-machi, Takasaki-shi, Gunma, 370-0033, Japan; Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, 60 Nakaorui-machi, Takasaki-shi, Gunma, 370-0033, Japan
| | - Takuo Ogihara
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, 60 Nakaorui-machi, Takasaki-shi, Gunma, 370-0033, Japan; Kendai Translational Research Center (KTRC), 60 Nakaorui-machi, Takasaki-shi, Gunma, 370-0033, Japan; Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, 60 Nakaorui-machi, Takasaki-shi, Gunma, 370-0033, Japan
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12
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Michalska K, Balcerczak E, Jeleń A, Saed L, Pietrzak J, Żebrowska-Nawrocka M. Effects of the SLCO1B1 A388G single nucleotide polymorphism on the development, clinical parameters, treatment, and survival of multiple myeloma cases in a Polish population. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:1447-1458. [PMID: 36478296 PMCID: PMC9889417 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-08162-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple myeloma is one of the most common hematological malignancies worldwide. Genetic alterations may lead to the progression from monoclonal gammopathy to multiple myeloma. Additionally, the genetic background of the disease might influence therapy outcomes, including survival time. SLCO1B1, belonging to the OATPs family, is a membrane protein that mediates the uptake of a wide range of endogenous and exogenous (including drugs) compounds. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, the A388G single nucleotide polymorphism in the SLCO1B1 gene in Polish multiple myeloma patients was determined. This polymorphism affects the amino acid change of the protein, so it may be responsible for treatment effectiveness or risk of disease development. A388G was evaluated by the PCR-RFLP method. The presented study showed a statistically significant association between the GG genotype with longer survival of patients with multiple myeloma with Melphalan-Prednisone therapy compared to other treatment regimens (p = 0.0271). There was no statistically significant association in the frequency of genotypes (p = 0.8211) and alleles: allele A (p = 0.5442); allele G (p = 0.8020) between multiple myeloma patients and a control group. CONCLUSIONS The A388G polymorphism does not seem to affect the increased risk of the development of multiple myeloma. However, the occurrence of the GG genotype may prolong of patients overall survival in the case of Melphalan-Prednisone therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Michalska
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Pharmacogenomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewa Balcerczak
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Pharmacogenomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Jeleń
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Pharmacogenomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
| | - Lias Saed
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Pharmacogenomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
| | - Jacek Pietrzak
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Pharmacogenomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
| | - Marta Żebrowska-Nawrocka
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Pharmacogenomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Interfaculty Cathedral of Laboratory and Molecular Diagnostics, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
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13
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Puris E, Fricker G, Gynther M. The Role of Solute Carrier Transporters in Efficient Anticancer Drug Delivery and Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020364. [PMID: 36839686 PMCID: PMC9966068 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Transporter-mediated drug resistance is a major obstacle in anticancer drug delivery and a key reason for cancer drug therapy failure. Membrane solute carrier (SLC) transporters play a crucial role in the cellular uptake of drugs. The expression and function of the SLC transporters can be down-regulated in cancer cells, which limits the uptake of drugs into the tumor cells, resulting in the inefficiency of the drug therapy. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of low-SLC-transporter-expression-mediated drug resistance in different types of cancers. Recent advances in SLC-transporter-targeting strategies include the development of transporter-utilizing prodrugs and nanocarriers and the modulation of SLC transporter expression in cancer cells. These strategies will play an important role in the future development of anticancer drug therapies by enabling the efficient delivery of drugs into cancer cells.
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14
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Wang X, Hong M. Protein Kinases and Cross-talk between Post-translational Modifications in the Regulation of Drug Transporters. Mol Pharmacol 2023; 103:9-20. [PMID: 36302660 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.122.000604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug transporters are modulators for drug absorption, distribution, and excretion. Key drug transporters including P-glycoprotein and breast cancer resistance protein of the ABC superfamily; organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1 and 1B3, organic anion transporter 1 and 3, and organic cation transporter 2, as well as multidrug and toxin extrusion 1 and 2 of the SLC superfamily have been recommended by regulatory agencies to be investigated and evaluated in drug-drug interaction (DDI) studies due to their important roles in determining the efficacy, toxicity and DDI of various drugs. Drug transporters are subjected to multiple levels of control and post-translational modifications (PTMs) provide rapid and versatile ways of regulation. Under pathologic and/or pharmacological conditions, PTMs may be altered in the cellular system, leading to functional changes of transporter proteins. Phosphorylation is by far the most actively investigated form of PTMs in the regulation of transporters. Further, studies in recent years also found that protein kinases coordinate with other PTMs for the dynamic control of these membrane proteins. Here we summarized the regulation of major drug transporters by protein kinases and their cross-talking with other PTMs that may generate a complex regulatory network for fine-tuning the function of these important drug processing modulators. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Kinases regulate drug transporters in versatile manners; Kinase regulation cross-talks with other PTMs, forming a complex network for transporter regulation; Pathological and/or pharmacological conditions may alter PTMs and affect transporter function with different molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyang Wang
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China (X.W. and M.H.), and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China (M.H.)
| | - Mei Hong
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China (X.W. and M.H.), and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China (M.H.)
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15
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Why Do Dietary Flavonoids Have a Promising Effect as Enhancers of Anthracyclines? Hydroxyl Substituents, Bioavailability and Biological Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010391. [PMID: 36613834 PMCID: PMC9820151 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthracyclines currently play a key role in the treatment of many cancers, but the limiting factor of their use is the widespread phenomenon of drug resistance and untargeted toxicity. Flavonoids have pleiotropic, beneficial effects on human health that, apart from antioxidant activity, are currently considered small molecules-starting structures for drug development and enhancers of conventional therapeutics. This paper is a review of the current and most important data on the participation of a selected series of flavonoids: chrysin, apigenin, kaempferol, quercetin and myricetin, which differ in the presence of an additional hydroxyl group, in the formation of a synergistic effect with anthracycline antibiotics. The review includes a characterization of the mechanism of action of flavonoids, as well as insight into the physicochemical parameters determining their bioavailability in vitro. The crosstalk between flavonoids and the molecular activity of anthracyclines discussed in the article covers the most important common areas of action, such as (1) disruption of DNA integrity (genotoxic effect), (2) modulation of antioxidant response pathways, and (3) inhibition of the activity of membrane proteins responsible for the active transport of drugs and xenobiotics. The increase in knowledge about the relationship between the molecular structure of flavonoids and their biological effect makes it possible to more effectively search for derivatives with a synergistic effect with anthracyclines and to develop better therapeutic strategies in the treatment of cancer.
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16
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Broadwater D, C. D. Medeiros H, Bates M, Roshanzadeh A, Thing Teoh S, P. Ogrodzinski M, Borhan B, Lunt RR, Lunt SY. Counterion Tuning of Near-Infrared Organic Salts Dictates Phototoxicity to Inhibit Tumor Growth. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:53511-53522. [PMID: 36408853 PMCID: PMC9743086 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c16252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has the potential to improve cancer treatment by providing dual selectivity through the use of both photoactive agent and light, with the goal of minimal harmful effects from either the agent or light alone. However, current PDT is limited by insufficient photosensitizers (PSs) that can suffer from low tissue penetration, insufficient phototoxicity (toxicity with light irradiation), or undesirable cytotoxicity (toxicity without light irradiation). Recently, we reported a platform for decoupling optical and electronic properties with counterions that modulate frontier molecular orbital levels of a photoactive ion. Here, we demonstrate the utility of this platform in vivo by pairing near-infrared (NIR) photoactive heptamethine cyanine cation (Cy+), which has enhanced optical properties for deep tissue penetration, with counterions that make it cytotoxic, phototoxic, or nontoxic in a mouse model of breast cancer. We find that pairing Cy+ with weakly coordinating anion FPhB- results in a selectively phototoxic PS (CyFPhB) that stops tumor growth in vivo with minimal side effects. This work provides proof of concept that our counterion pairing platform can be used to generate improved cancer PSs that are selectively phototoxic to tumors and nontoxic to normal healthy tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deanna Broadwater
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan
State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Hyllana C. D. Medeiros
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan
State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Matthew Bates
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East
Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Amir Roshanzadeh
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan
State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Shao Thing Teoh
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan
State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Martin P. Ogrodzinski
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan
State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
- Department
of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Babak Borhan
- Department
of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Richard R. Lunt
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East
Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State
University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Sophia Y. Lunt
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan
State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East
Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
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17
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Sex Steroid Hormone Analysis in Human Tear Fluid Using a Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Method. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314864. [PMID: 36499192 PMCID: PMC9735929 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The marked sexual dimorphism prevalent in inflammatory/autoimmune diseases is mostly due to sex hormone actions. One common eye disease that disproportionately affects women is dry eye. Thus, our aim was to optimise our highly sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for steroid hormone quantification in tear fluid (TF). We used tears and matched serum samples from 10 heathy individuals. Estrone, estradiol testosterone, progesterone, androstenedione, and dehydroepiandrosterone, were quantified with an HPLC coupled with a Triple Quad 5500 MS. Estrone was measured in 80% of female and 20% of male TF samples (mean ± SD, 68.9 ± 62.2 pmol/L), whereas estradiol was undetectable in tears. Progesterone was identified in half of the female tear samples (2.91 ± 3.47 nmol/L) but in none of the male samples, whereas testosterone was quantifiable only in male tears (0.24 ± 0.1 nmol/L). TF hormone levels were, on average, from 1.4% to 55% of systemic values. Estrone, progesterone, and testosterone levels in tears correlated with the matching serum samples (r = 0.82, 0.79, and 0.85, respectively), but androstenedione and dehydroepiandrosterone showed no correlations. Our LC-MS/MS method could detect five out of the six steroid hormones studied in individual human TF samples and could therefore be used to analyse the role of sex steroids in eye diseases.
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18
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Bolger GT, Pucaj K, Minta YO, Sordillo P. Relationship Between the In Vitro Efficacy, Pharmacokinetics and In Vivo Efficacy of Curcumin. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 205:115251. [PMID: 36130650 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Considerable interest continues to be focused on the development of curcumin either as an effective stand-alone therapeutic or as an adjunct therapy to established therapies. Curcumin (1, 7-bis (4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1, 6-heptadiene-3, 5- dione; also called diferuloylmethane) is a polyphenolic phytochemical extracted from the root of curcuma longa, commonly called turmeric. Despite evidence from in vitro (cell culture) and preclinical studies in animals, clinical studies have not provided strong evidence for a therapeutic effect of curcumin. The relevance of curcumin as a drug has been questioned based on its classification as a compound with pan assay interference and invalid metabolic panaceas properties bringing into question the relevance of the therapeutic targets identified for curcumin. To some extent this is due to the lack of a complete understanding of the link between the in vitro (cell culture activity), pharmacokinetics and in vivo activity of curcumin. In this review and using NF-κB as a cellular target for curcumin, we have investigated the relationship between the potency of curcumin as an inhibitor of NF-κB in cell culture, the pharmacokinetics of curcumin and curcumin's anticancer and anti-inflammatory effects in preclinical models of cancer and inflammation. Plausible explanations and rationale are provided to link these activities together and suggest that both curcumin and its more soluble Phase II metabolite curcumin glucuronide may play a key role in the treatment effects of curcumin in vivo mediated at NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yvonne O Minta
- Nucro-Technics, Department of Toxicology, Toronto, ON, Canada
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19
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Pochet S, Lechon AS, Lescrainier C, De Vriese C, Mathieu V, Hamdani J, Souard F. Herb-anticancer drug interactions in real life based on VigiBase, the WHO global database. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14178. [PMID: 35986023 PMCID: PMC9391489 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17704-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractCancer patients could combine herbal treatments with their chemotherapy. We consulted VigiBase, a WHO database of individual case safety reports (ICSRs) which archives reports of suspected Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) when herbal products are used in conjunction with anti-cancer treatment. We focused on the possible interactions between antineoplastic (L01 ATC class) or hormone antagonists (L02B ATC class) with 10 commonly used herbs (pineapple, green tea, cannabis, black cohosh, turmeric, echinacea, St John’s wort, milk thistle and ginger) to compare ADRs described in ICSRs with the literature. A total of 1057 ICSRs were extracted from the database but only 134 were complete enough (or did not concern too many therapeutic lines) to keep them for analysis. Finally, 51 rationalizable ICSRs could be explained, which led us to propose a pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic interaction mechanism. Reports concerned more frequently women and half of the rationalizable ICSRs involved Viscum album and Silybum marianum. 5% of the ADRs described could have been avoided if clinicians had had access to the published information. It is also important to note that in 8% of the cases, the ADRs observed were life threatening. Phytovigilance should thus be considered more by health care professionals to best treat cancer patients and for better integrative care.
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20
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Liu H, Lv LL, Wen H, Zhao DM, Wu J, Ke MR, Zheng BY, Li J, Li X, Huang JD. Molecular and Supramolecular Approach to Highly Photocytotoxic Phthalocyanines with Dual Cell Uptake Pathways and Albumin-Enhanced Tumor Targeting. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:28581-28590. [PMID: 35709499 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c05814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Phototherapy for non-invasive cancer treatment has been extensively studied. An urgent challenge in phototherapy application is to fabricate appropriate targeted agents to achieve efficient therapeutic effect. Herein, a molecular and supramolecular approach for targeting phototherapy was reasonably designed and realized through the axial sulfonate modification of silicon(IV) phthalocyanines (Pcs), followed by supramolecular interaction with albumin. This approach can not only improve the photoactivities (e.g., fluorescence emission and reactive oxygen species production) of the Pcs but also enhance their tumor targeting. Most importantly, one of the deigned Pcs (4) can target HepG2 cells through dual cell pathways, leading to an extremely high phototoxicity with an EC50 (i.e., concentration of Pcs to kill 50% of cells under light irradiation) value of 2.0 nM. This finding presents a feasible strategy to realize efficient targeting phototherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Li-Li Lv
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Huang Wen
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Dong-Mei Zhao
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Juhong Wu
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Mei-Rong Ke
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Bi-Yuan Zheng
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Jinyu Li
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xingshu Li
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Jian-Dong Huang
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
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21
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Yi C, Yu AM. MicroRNAs in the Regulation of Solute Carrier Proteins Behind Xenobiotic and Nutrient Transport in Cells. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:893846. [PMID: 35755805 PMCID: PMC9220936 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.893846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered metabolism, such as aerobic glycolysis or the Warburg effect, has been recognized as characteristics of tumor cells for almost a century. Since then, there is accumulating evidence to demonstrate the metabolic reprogramming of tumor cells, addiction to excessive uptake and metabolism of key nutrients, to support rapid proliferation and invasion under tumor microenvironment. The solute carrier (SLC) superfamily transporters are responsible for influx or efflux of a wide variety of xenobiotic and metabolites that are needed for the cells to function, as well as some medications. To meet the increased demand for nutrients and energy, SLC transporters are frequently dysregulated in cancer cells. The SLCs responsible for the transport of key nutrients for cancer metabolism and energetics, such as glucose and amino acids, are of particular interest for their roles in tumor progression and metastasis. Meanwhile, rewired metabolism is accompanied by the dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) that are small, noncoding RNAs governing posttranscriptional gene regulation. Studies have shown that many miRNAs directly regulate the expression of specific SLC transporters in normal or diseased cells. Changes of SLC transporter expression and function can subsequently alter the uptake of nutrients or therapeutics. Given the important role for miRNAs in regulating disease progression, there is growing interest in developing miRNA-based therapies, beyond serving as potential diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers. In this article, we discuss how miRNAs regulate the expression of SLC transporters and highlight potential influence on the supply of essential nutrients for cell metabolism and drug exposure toward desired efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen Yi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Ai-Ming Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
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22
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Huttunen J, Adla SK, Markowicz-Piasecka M, Huttunen KM. Increased/Targeted Brain (Pro)Drug Delivery via Utilization of Solute Carriers (SLCs). Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14061234. [PMID: 35745806 PMCID: PMC9228667 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Membrane transporters have a crucial role in compounds’ brain drug delivery. They allow not only the penetration of a wide variety of different compounds to cross the endothelial cells of the blood–brain barrier (BBB), but also the accumulation of them into the brain parenchymal cells. Solute carriers (SLCs), with nearly 500 family members, are the largest group of membrane transporters. Unfortunately, not all SLCs are fully characterized and used in rational drug design. However, if the structural features for transporter interactions (binding and translocation) are known, a prodrug approach can be utilized to temporarily change the pharmacokinetics and brain delivery properties of almost any compound. In this review, main transporter subtypes that are participating in brain drug disposition or have been used to improve brain drug delivery across the BBB via the prodrug approach, are introduced. Moreover, the ability of selected transporters to be utilized in intrabrain drug delivery is discussed. Thus, this comprehensive review will give insights into the methods, such as computational drug design, that should be utilized more effectively to understand the detailed transport mechanisms. Moreover, factors, such as transporter expression modulation pathways in diseases that should be taken into account in rational (pro)drug development, are considered to achieve successful clinical applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Huttunen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland; (J.H.); (S.K.A.)
| | - Santosh Kumar Adla
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland; (J.H.); (S.K.A.)
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry (IOCB), Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Namesti 542/2, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Magdalena Markowicz-Piasecka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Analysis and Radiopharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Muszyńskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Kristiina M. Huttunen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland; (J.H.); (S.K.A.)
- Correspondence:
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23
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Chu X, Prasad B, Neuhoff S, Yoshida K, Leeder JS, Mukherjee D, Taskar K, Varma MVS, Zhang X, Yang X, Galetin A. Clinical Implications of Altered Drug Transporter Abundance/Function and PBPK Modeling in Specific Populations: An ITC Perspective. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2022; 112:501-526. [PMID: 35561140 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.2643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The role of membrane transporters on pharmacokinetics (PKs), drug-drug interactions (DDIs), pharmacodynamics (PDs), and toxicity of drugs has been broadly recognized. However, our knowledge of modulation of transporter expression and/or function in the diseased patient population or specific populations, such as pediatrics or pregnancy, is still emerging. This white paper highlights recent advances in studying the changes in transporter expression and activity in various diseases (i.e., renal and hepatic impairment and cancer) and some specific populations (i.e., pediatrics and pregnancy) with the focus on clinical implications. Proposed alterations in transporter abundance and/or activity in diseased and specific populations are based on (i) quantitative transporter proteomic data and relative abundance in specific populations vs. healthy adults, (ii) clinical PKs, and emerging transporter biomarker and/or pharmacogenomic data, and (iii) physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modeling and simulation. The potential for altered PK, PD, and toxicity in these populations needs to be considered for drugs and their active metabolites in which transporter-mediated uptake/efflux is a major contributor to their absorption, distribution, and elimination pathways and/or associated DDI risk. In addition to best practices, this white paper discusses current challenges and knowledge gaps to study and quantitatively predict the effects of modulation in transporter activity in these populations, together with the perspectives from the International Transporter Consortium (ITC) on future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Chu
- Department of ADME and Discovery Toxicology, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey, USA
| | - Bhagwat Prasad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington, USA
| | | | - Kenta Yoshida
- Clinical Pharmacology, Genentech Research and Early Development, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - James Steven Leeder
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Innovation, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Dwaipayan Mukherjee
- Clinical Pharmacology & Pharmacometrics, Research & Development, AbbVie, Inc., North Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Manthena V S Varma
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Medicine Design, Worldwide R&D, Pfizer Inc, Groton, Connecticut, USA
| | - Xinyuan Zhang
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Xinning Yang
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Aleksandra Galetin
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research, School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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24
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Wang Z, Fang X, Zhang S, Song J. Pulmonary inflammation caused by cigarette smoke combined with lipopolysaccharide up-regulated OATP2B1 in rat lung tissue and pulmonary epithelial cells. Exp Lung Res 2022; 48:114-125. [PMID: 35441577 DOI: 10.1080/01902148.2022.2066223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Organic anion transport polypeptide 2B1 (OATP2B1), as an uptake transporter, is involved in the transport of many related substrate drugs and endogenous substances in the lungs. A large amount of data shows that cigarette smoke plays an important role in the occurrence and development of lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma and bronchitis. However, the effect of cigarette smoke combined with lipopolysaccharide-induced pulmonary inflammation on the expression of OATP2B1 is not clear. In this study, we used cigarette smoke combined with lipopolysaccharide to establish a lung inflammation model in vivo and in vitro to explore the effect of inflammation on the expression of OATP2B1. Our study found that cigarette smoke combined with lipopolysaccharide-induced pulmonary inflammation upregulated the mRNA and protein expression of OATP2B1 and related inflammatory factors, and the expression level of related proteins was higher with the aggravation of inflammation. The experimental results of animals in vivo were consistent with those of cells in vitro. In summary, these findings provide a model and basis for a follow-up study of the mechanism of OATP2B1 in pulmonary inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Wang
- Institute for Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Institute for the Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Xin Fang
- Institute for Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Institute for the Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Shuyi Zhang
- Institute for Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Institute for the Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Jue Song
- Institute for Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Institute for the Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
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25
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Glare P, Aubrey K, Gulati A, Lee YC, Moryl N, Overton S. Pharmacologic Management of Persistent Pain in Cancer Survivors. Drugs 2022; 82:275-291. [PMID: 35175587 PMCID: PMC8888381 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-022-01675-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Improvements in screening, diagnosis and treatment of cancer has seen cancer mortality substantially diminish in the past three decades. It is estimated there are almost 20 million cancer survivors in the USA alone, but some 40% live with chronic pain after completing treatment. While a broad definition of survivorship that includes all people living with, through and beyond a cancer diagnosis—including those with active cancer—is often used, this narrative review primarily focuses on the management of pain in people who are disease-free after completing primary cancer treatment as adults. Chronic pain in this population needs a different approach to that used for people with a limited prognosis. After describing the common chronic pain syndromes caused by cancer treatment, and the pathophysiologic mechanisms involved, the pharmacologic management of entities such as post-surgical pain, chemotherapy-induced neuropathy, aromatase inhibitor musculoskeletal syndrome and checkpoint inhibitor-related pain are described. The challenges associated with opioid prescribing in this population are given special attention. Expert guidelines on pain management in cancer survivors now recommend a combination of pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic modalities, and these are also briefly covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Glare
- Pain Management Research Institute, Kolling Institute, University of Sydney and Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Karin Aubrey
- Pain Management Research Institute, Kolling Institute, University of Sydney and Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Amitabh Gulati
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Yi Ching Lee
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Natalie Moryl
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Sarah Overton
- Pain Management Research Centre, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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26
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Expression and Functional Contribution of Different Organic Cation Transporters to the Cellular Uptake of Doxorubicin into Human Breast Cancer and Cardiac Tissue. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010255. [PMID: 35008681 PMCID: PMC8745601 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin is a frequently used anticancer drug to treat many types of tumors, such as breast cancer or bronchial carcinoma. The clinical use of doxorubicin is limited by its poorly predictable cardiotoxicity, the reasons of which are so far not fully understood. The drug is a substrate of several efflux transporters such as P-gp or BCRP and was recently reported to be a substrate of cation uptake transporters. To evaluate the potential role of transporter proteins in the accumulation of doxorubicin at its site of action (e.g., mammary carcinoma cells) or adverse effects (e.g., heart muscle cells), we studied the expression of important uptake and efflux transporters in human breast cancer and cardiac tissue, and investigated the affinity of doxorubicin to the identified transporters. The cellular uptake studies on doxorubicin were performed with OATP1A2*1, OATP1A2*2, and OATP1A2*3-overexpressing HEK293 cells, as well as OCT1-, OCT2-, and OCT3- overexpressing MDCKII cells. To assess the contribution of transporters to the cytotoxic effect of doxorubicin, we determined the cell viability in the presence and absence of transporter inhibitors in different cell lines. Several transporters, including P-gp, BCRP, OCT1, OCT3, and OATP1A2 were expressed in human heart and/or breast cancer tissue. Doxorubicin could be identified as a substrate of OCT1, OCT2, OCT3, and OATP1A2. The cellular uptake into cells expressing genetic OATP1A2 variants was markedly reduced and correlated well with the increased cellular viability. Inhibition of OATP1A2 (naringin) and OCT transporters (1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium) resulted in a significant decrease of doxorubicin-mediated cytotoxicity in cell lines expressing the respective transporters. Similarly, the excipient Cremophor EL significantly inhibited the OCT1-3- and OATP1A2-mediated cellular uptake and attenuated the cytotoxicity of doxorubicin. In conclusion, genetic and environmental-related variability in the expression and function of these transporters may contribute to the substantial variability seen in terms of doxorubicin efficacy and toxicity.
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27
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Król SK, Bębenek E, Dmoszyńska-Graniczka M, Sławińska-Brych A, Boryczka S, Stepulak A. Acetylenic Synthetic Betulin Derivatives Inhibit Akt and Erk Kinases Activity, Trigger Apoptosis and Suppress Proliferation of Neuroblastoma and Rhabdomyosarcoma Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12299. [PMID: 34830180 PMCID: PMC8624615 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) and rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), the most common pediatric extracranial solid tumors, still represent an important clinical challenge since no effective treatment is available for metastatic and recurrent disease. Hence, there is an urgent need for the development of new chemotherapeutics to improve the outcome of patients. Betulin (Bet), a triterpenoid from the bark of birches, demonstrated interesting anti-cancer potential. The modification of natural phytochemicals with evidenced anti-tumor activity, including Bet, is one of the methods of receiving new compounds for potential implementation in oncological treatment. Here, we showed that two acetylenic synthetic Bet derivatives (ASBDs), EB5 and EB25/1, reduced the viability and proliferation of SK-N-AS and TE671 cells, as measured by MTT and BrdU tests, respectively. Moreover, ASBDs were also more cytotoxic than temozolomide (TMZ) and cisplatin (cis-diaminedichloroplatinum [II], CDDP) in vitro, and the combination of EB5 with CDDP enhanced anti-cancer effects. We also showed the slowdown of cell cycle progression at S/G2 phases mediated by EB5 using FACS flow cytometry. The decreased viability and proliferation of pediatric cancers cells after treatment with ASBDs was linked to the reduced activity of kinases Akt, Erk1/2 and p38 and the induction of apoptosis, as investigated using Western blotting and FACS. In addition, in silico analyses of the ADMET profile found EB5 to be a promising anti-cancer drug candidate that would benefit from further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia K. Król
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.D.-G.); (A.S.)
| | - Ewa Bębenek
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (E.B.); (S.B.)
| | - Magdalena Dmoszyńska-Graniczka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.D.-G.); (A.S.)
| | - Adrianna Sławińska-Brych
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Stanisław Boryczka
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (E.B.); (S.B.)
| | - Andrzej Stepulak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.D.-G.); (A.S.)
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28
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An Oatp transporter-mediated steroid sink promotes tumor-induced cachexia in Drosophila. Dev Cell 2021; 56:2741-2751.e7. [PMID: 34610327 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cachexia is associated with many types of tumors and is characterized by a combination of anorexia, loss of body weight, catabolic alterations, and systemic inflammation. We developed a tumor model in Drosophila larvae that causies cachexia-like syndrome, and we found that cachectic larvae show reduced levels of the circulating steroid ecdysone (Ec). Artificially importing Ec in the tumor through the use of the EcI/Oatp74D importer aggravated cachexia, whereas feeding animals with Ec rescued cachectic defects. This suggests that a steroid sink induced by the tumor promotes catabolic alterations in healthy tissues. We found that Oatp33Eb, a member of the Oatp transporter family, is specifically induced in tumors promoting cachexia. The overexpression of Oatp33Eb in noncachectic tumors induced cachexia, whereas its inhibition in cachectic tumors restored circulating Ec and reversed cachectic alterations. Oatp transporters are induced in several types of hormone-dependent tumors, and this result suggests that a similar sink effect could modify hormonal balance in cachectic cancer patients.
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29
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Ambrus C, Bakos É, Sarkadi B, Özvegy-Laczka C, Telbisz Á. Interactions of anti-COVID-19 drug candidates with hepatic transporters may cause liver toxicity and affect pharmacokinetics. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17810. [PMID: 34497279 PMCID: PMC8426393 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97160-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Transporters in the human liver play a major role in the clearance of endo- and xenobiotics. Apical (canalicular) transporters extrude compounds to the bile, while basolateral hepatocyte transporters promote the uptake of, or expel, various compounds from/into the venous blood stream. In the present work we have examined the in vitro interactions of some key repurposed drugs advocated to treat COVID-19 (lopinavir, ritonavir, ivermectin, remdesivir and favipiravir), with the key drug transporters of hepatocytes. These transporters included ABCB11/BSEP, ABCC2/MRP2, and SLC47A1/MATE1 in the canalicular membrane, as well as ABCC3/MRP3, ABCC4/MRP4, SLC22A1/OCT1, SLCO1B1/OATP1B1, SLCO1B3/OATP1B3, and SLC10A1/NTCP, residing in the basolateral membrane. Lopinavir and ritonavir in low micromolar concentrations inhibited BSEP and MATE1 exporters, as well as OATP1B1/1B3 uptake transporters. Ritonavir had a similar inhibitory pattern, also inhibiting OCT1. Remdesivir strongly inhibited MRP4, OATP1B1/1B3, MATE1 and OCT1. Favipiravir had no significant effect on any of these transporters. Since both general drug metabolism and drug-induced liver toxicity are strongly dependent on the functioning of these transporters, the various interactions reported here may have important clinical relevance in the drug treatment of this viral disease and the existing co-morbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csilla Ambrus
- SOLVO Biotechnology, Irinyi József street 4-20, 1117, Budapest, Hungary.,Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó u. 37-47, 1094, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Éva Bakos
- Institute of Enzymology, ELKH Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok krt. 2, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Sarkadi
- Institute of Enzymology, ELKH Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok krt. 2, 1117, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó u. 37-47, 1094, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csilla Özvegy-Laczka
- Institute of Enzymology, ELKH Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok krt. 2, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Telbisz
- Institute of Enzymology, ELKH Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok krt. 2, 1117, Budapest, Hungary.
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30
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Boyer JL, Soroka CJ. Bile formation and secretion: An update. J Hepatol 2021; 75:190-201. [PMID: 33617926 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2021.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bile formation is a fundamental physiological process that is vital to the survival of all vertebrates. However, little was known about the mechanisms of this secretion until after World War II. Initial studies involved classic physiologic studies in animal models and humans, which progressed to include studies in isolated cells and membrane vesicles. The advent of molecular biology then led to the identification of specific transport systems that are the determinants of this secretion. Progress in this field was reviewed in the American Physiologic Society's series on "Comprehensive Physiology" in 2013. Herein, we provide an in-depth update of progress since that time.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Lorenzen Boyer
- Department of Medicine and Liver Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
| | - Carol Jean Soroka
- Department of Medicine and Liver Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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31
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Cho YS, Do MH, Duong Thanh H, Moon C, Kim K, Cho SH, Kim H, Ha HH, Jung C. A heptamethine cyanine dye serves as a potential marker for myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:2853-2866. [PMID: 34249432 PMCID: PMC8263665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous population of immature myeloid cells with inhibitory effects on T cell-mediated immune response. MDSCs accumulate under many pathological conditions, including cancers, to avoid anticancer immunity. Unlike mouse MDSCs, common specific surface markers for human MDSCs are not clearly defined, mainly due to the complexity of MDSC subsets. In this study, we investigate specific responses of the infrared dye MHI-148 to MDSCs. Mice bearing 4T1 breast cancer cells were established, and splenocytes were isolated. Flow cytometric analyses demonstrated that MHI-148 was reactive to over 80% of MDSC-specific cells manifesting CD11b+/Gr-1+ acquired from both tumor-bearing mice and naive mice. Cells sorted positive for either CD11b/Gr-1 or MHI-148 were also identical to their counterparts (99.7% and 97.7%, respectively). MHI-148, however, was not reactive to lymphocyte or monocyte populations. To determine whether MHI-148-reactive cells exert inhibitory effects on T cell proliferation, an EdU-based T cell assay was performed. MHI-148 reactive cells significantly reduced T cell proliferation with increased arginase activity and nitrite production. In an attempt to test MHI-148 as a marker for human MDSCs, MHI-148 was specifically reactive to CD11b+/CD33+/CD14- granulocytic MDSCs acquired from selected cancer patients. This study demonstrates that the near-infrared dye MHI-148 specifically reacts to mouse splenocytes with known MDSC-specific markers that have T cell suppressive functions. The dye also selectively binds to a subpopulation of immature myeloid cells acquired from cancer patients. While it is not clear how MHI-148 specifically stains MDSCs, this dye can be a novel tool to detect MDSCs and to predict the prognosis of human cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Suk Cho
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical SchoolGwangju 61469, Korea
| | - Manh-Hung Do
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical SchoolGwangju 61469, Korea
| | - Hien Duong Thanh
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical SchoolGwangju 61469, Korea
| | - Changjong Moon
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National UniversityGwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Kwonseop Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National UniversityGwangju, Korea
| | - Sang-Hee Cho
- Department of Hemato-Oncology, Chonnam National University Medical SchoolGwangju 61469, Korea
| | - Hangun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National UniversitySunchon, Jeonnam 57922, Korea
| | - Hyung-Ho Ha
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National UniversitySunchon, Jeonnam 57922, Korea
| | - Chaeyong Jung
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical SchoolGwangju 61469, Korea
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Urata S, Yoshikawa N, Saito K, Tazaki T, Ohno R, Takeshima H, Ikeda R. Delayed methotrexate elimination in a patient with primary central nervous system lymphoma: A case report. J Clin Pharm Ther 2021; 46:1796-1799. [PMID: 34008211 DOI: 10.1111/jcpt.13425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE Methotrexate (MTX) is an important agent for the treatment of primary central nervous system lymphomas (PCNSL) but needs to be given in big doses by intravenous infusions to achieve therapeutic concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid. However, co-administration with many drugs may delay the excretion of MTX which may cause serious adverse effects if the serum concentration exceeds 0.1 µmol/L 72 h after an intravenous infusion. CASE SUMMARY A 67-year-old Japanese female with PCNSL was treated with high-dose MTX-based chemotherapy. The serum MTX concentration 72 h post-infusion was 0.153 µmol/L when she was taking levofloxacin (LVFX) but <0.1 µmol/L 72 h after 4 subsequent infusions when she was not taking LVFX. She was given many other drugs but the timing of the short course of LVFX and the fact that ciprofloxacin also delays MTX excretion suggests that LVFX was the cause. WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION Co-administration of LVFX may delay the excretion of MTX. Therefore, serum concentrations of MTX should be monitored to help prevent and improve the management of potentially serious MTX drug-drug interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Urata
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Miyazaki Hospital, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Naoki Yoshikawa
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Miyazaki Hospital, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Saito
- Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Tomoya Tazaki
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Miyazaki Hospital, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Rie Ohno
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Miyazaki Hospital, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Hideo Takeshima
- Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Ryuji Ikeda
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Miyazaki Hospital, Miyazaki, Japan
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Pizzagalli MD, Bensimon A, Superti‐Furga G. A guide to plasma membrane solute carrier proteins. FEBS J 2021; 288:2784-2835. [PMID: 32810346 PMCID: PMC8246967 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This review aims to serve as an introduction to the solute carrier proteins (SLC) superfamily of transporter proteins and their roles in human cells. The SLC superfamily currently includes 458 transport proteins in 65 families that carry a wide variety of substances across cellular membranes. While members of this superfamily are found throughout cellular organelles, this review focuses on transporters expressed at the plasma membrane. At the cell surface, SLC proteins may be viewed as gatekeepers of the cellular milieu, dynamically responding to different metabolic states. With altered metabolism being one of the hallmarks of cancer, we also briefly review the roles that surface SLC proteins play in the development and progression of cancer through their influence on regulating metabolism and environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia D. Pizzagalli
- CeMM, Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Ariel Bensimon
- CeMM, Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Giulio Superti‐Furga
- CeMM, Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
- Center for Physiology and PharmacologyMedical University of ViennaAustria
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He Q, Li Z, Yin J, Li Y, Yin Y, Lei X, Zhu W. Prognostic Significance of Autophagy-Relevant Gene Markers in Colorectal Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:566539. [PMID: 33937013 PMCID: PMC8081889 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.566539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignant solid tumor with an extremely low survival rate after relapse. Previous investigations have shown that autophagy possesses a crucial function in tumors. However, there is no consensus on the value of autophagy-associated genes in predicting the prognosis of CRC patients. This work screens autophagy-related markers and signaling pathways that may participate in the development of CRC, and establishes a prognostic model of CRC based on autophagy-associated genes. Methods Gene transcripts from the TCGA database and autophagy-associated gene data from the GeneCards database were used to obtain expression levels of autophagy-associated genes, followed by Wilcox tests to screen for autophagy-related differentially expressed genes. Then, 11 key autophagy-associated genes were identified through univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis and used to establish prognostic models. Additionally, immunohistochemical and CRC cell line data were used to evaluate the results of our three autophagy-associated genes EPHB2, NOL3, and SNAI1 in TCGA. Based on the multivariate Cox analysis, risk scores were calculated and used to classify samples into high-risk and low-risk groups. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, risk profiling, and independent prognosis analysis were carried out. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed to estimate the specificity and sensitivity of the prognostic model. Finally, GSEA, GO, and KEGG analysis were performed to identify the relevant signaling pathways. Results A total of 301 autophagy-related genes were differentially expressed in CRC. The areas under the 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year receiver operating characteristic curves of the autophagy-based prognostic model for CRC were 0.764, 0.751, and 0.729, respectively. GSEA analysis of the model showed significant enrichment in several tumor-relevant pathways and cellular protective biological processes. The expression of EPHB2, IL-13, MAP2, RPN2, and TRAF5 was correlated with microsatellite instability (MSI), while the expression of IL-13, RPN2, and TRAF5 was related to tumor mutation burden (TMB). GO analysis showed that the 11 target autophagy genes were chiefly enriched in mRNA processing, RNA splicing, and regulation of the mRNA metabolic process. KEGG analysis showed enrichment mainly in spliceosomes. We constructed a prognostic risk assessment model based on 11 autophagy-related genes in CRC. Conclusion A prognostic risk assessment model based on 11 autophagy-associated genes was constructed in CRC. The new model suggests directions and ideas for evaluating prognosis and provides guidance to choose better treatment strategies for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglian He
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Ziqi Li
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Jinbao Yin
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yuling Li
- Department of Pathology, Dongguan People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yuting Yin
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Xue Lei
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
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Szczupak M, Peña SA, Bracho O, Mei C, Bas E, Fernandez-Valle C, Liu XZ, Telischi FF, Ivan M, Dinh CT. Fluorescent Detection of Vestibular Schwannoma Using Intravenous Sodium Fluorescein In Vivo. Otol Neurotol 2021; 42:e503-e511. [PMID: 33492057 PMCID: PMC8590806 DOI: 10.1097/mao.0000000000002988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vestibular schwannoma (VS) are intracranial tumors caused by merlin deficiency. Sodium fluorescein (SF) is a fluorescent compound that accumulates in various intracranial tumors, causing tumors to emit green fluorescence after blue light excitation. HYPOTHESIS Intravenous SF preferentially deposits in VS, helping surgeons differentiate tumor from surrounding tissue. METHODS Merlin-deficient Schwann cells were grafted onto cochleovestibular nerves of immunodeficient rats. Rats were randomized to receive SF (7.5 mg/kg; n = 5) or saline (n = 3). Tissues were harvested at 1 hour and photographed in white and blue light. Sixteen surgeons identified and marked the tumor-tissue interfaces on images. Fluorescence was measured on tissue specimens using the IVIS imaging system and on tissue cross-sections obtained with confocal microscopy. Western blot was performed to measure levels of organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP), a drug transporter specific for SF. RESULTS Under blue light, tumors from SF rats demonstrated bright green fluorescence under direct visualization, higher fluorescence measurements on tissue specimens (p < 0.001), and more SF deposition on tissue cross-sections (p < 0.001), when compared with surrounding tissues and placebo rats. Surgeons were better able to distinguish the tumor-tissue interfaces in SF rats. Furthermore, the expression level of OATP1C1 was significantly higher in tumors than in surrounding tissues (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION In a xenograft model of VS, intravenous SF preferentially deposits in tumors, compared with normal surrounding tissue. Under blue light, tumors emit an intense green fluorescence that can help surgeons differentiate tumor from critical structures nearby, which may improve clinical outcomes in complicated VS surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhaylo Szczupak
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Stefanie A. Peña
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Olena Bracho
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Christine Mei
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Esperanza Bas
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Cristina Fernandez-Valle
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Xue-Zhong Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Fred F. Telischi
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Michael Ivan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Christine T. Dinh
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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Yi X, Cao Z, Yuan Y, Li W, Cui X, Chen Z, Hu X, Yu A. Design and synthesis of a novel mitochondria-targeted osteosarcoma theranostic agent based on a PIM1 kinase inhibitor. J Control Release 2021; 332:434-447. [PMID: 33662457 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common malignancy of the skeletal system, with a poor prognosis and high rate of recurrence. Adequate surgical margin and adjuvant chemotherapy improve the overall survival and limb salvage rate of osteosarcoma patients. Previous studies have showed that OS exhibits an increase in the expression of proviral integration site for Moloney murine leukemia virus 1 (PIM1) kinase, and high levels of PIM1 are also associated with poor OS prognosis and metastasis. We exploited the overexpression of proto-oncogenic PIM1 in OS towards the development of a novel near-infrared imaging and targeted therapeutic agent, namely QCAi-Cy7d by conjugating a PIM1 small molecule inhibitor and heptamethine cyanine dye, for simultaneous guiding surgery and chemotherapy. QCAi-Cy7d showed targeted imaging and anticancer activities against OS in vitro and vivo without any obvious toxicity, and its antitumoral activity was much greater than the parent PIMI inhibitor. These results demonstrated the potential of new conjugate of PIM1 inhibitor and near-infrared imaging, supporting structure-based design and development of theranostic agents for precise tumor imaging and targeted treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzeyu Yi
- Department of Orthopedics Trauma and Microsurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zhi Cao
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery Ministry of Education Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Ying Yuan
- Department of Orthopedics Trauma and Microsurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Wen Li
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery Ministry of Education Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xinyue Cui
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery Ministry of Education Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zilin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery Ministry of Education Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Xiang Hu
- Department of Orthopedics Trauma and Microsurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Aixi Yu
- Department of Orthopedics Trauma and Microsurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.
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Hu Y, Gruber KA, Smith DE. Characterization of the cellular transport mechanisms for the anti-cachexia candidate compound TCMCB07. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2020; 11:1677-1687. [PMID: 32725770 PMCID: PMC7749613 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cachexia is a debilitating, life-threatening condition whose pathology includes reduced food intake accompanied by hypermetabolism, leading to a catabolic state. The hypothalamic melanocortin system is a critical regulator of metabolic rate with effects being mediated through the melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R). MC4R activation is also critical to the initiation and maintenance of cachexia. A major problem in the design of anti-cachexia drugs has been the need to cross the blood-brain barrier to access the metabolic rate-controlling centres in the hypothalamus. The overwhelming majority of anti-cachexia drugs are only effective when administered intracerebroventricularly. TCMCB07 is a cyclic nonapeptide peptide MC4R antagonist with parenteral anti-cachexia activity in both small and large animal models. This suggests it can cross the blood-brain barrier. The aim of this study was to examine potential transport mechanisms of TCMCB07 furthering its preclinical development for subsequent studies in humans. METHODS In vitro studies were performed in transporter-transfected cells to study whether or not TCMCB07 was an inhibitor as well as substrate for OATP1A2, OATP1B1, OATP1B3, OATP2B1, OCT2, OAT1, OAT3, MATE1, MATE2-K, P-gp (MDR1), and BCRP. In vivo mass balance studies were also performed in mice to evaluate the absorption and disposition of TCMCB07 after oral and intravenous bolus administrations. RESULTS TCMCB07 inhibited the uptake of prototypical substrates in cells transfected with OATP1A2 (IC50 24.0 μM), OATP1B1 (IC50 6.8 μM), OATP1B3 (IC50 307 μM), OATP2B1 (IC50 524 μM), OCT2 (IC50 1,169 μM), MATE1 (IC50 8.7 μM), and MATE2-K (IC50 20.7 μM) but not in cells transfected with OAT1 and OAT3. TCMCB07 did not affect the P-gp (MDR1)-mediated and BCRP-mediated permeability of prototypical substrates in transfected cells. Importantly, direct evidence was shown for the uptake of TCMCB07 in OATP1A2-transfected cells (i.e. Vmax 236 pmol/mg, Km 58.4 μM, and Kd 0.39 μL/mg), demonstrating that the nonapeptide was a substrate for this transporter. Mass balance studies demonstrated that 24.2% of TCMCB07 was absorbed orally in vivo (P = 0.0033) and excreted primarily in the bile after both oral and intravenous administrations. CONCLUSIONS OATP1A2 is the transporter responsible for the oral absorption of TCMCB07 in the intestine and for its pharmacologic response in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Hu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - David E Smith
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Sallustio BC, Boddy AV. Is there scope for better individualisation of anthracycline cancer chemotherapy? Br J Clin Pharmacol 2020; 87:295-305. [PMID: 33118175 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.14628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthracyclines are used to treat solid and haematological cancers, particularly breast cancers, lymphomas and childhood cancers. Myelosuppression and cardiotoxicity are the primary toxicities that limit treatment duration and/or intensity. Cardiotoxicity, particularly heart failure, is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in cancer survivors. Cumulative anthracycline dose is a significant predictor of cardiotoxicity risk, suggesting a role for anthracycline pharmacokinetic variability. Population pharmacokinetic modelling in children has shown that doxorubicin clearance in the very young is significantly lower than in older children, potentially contributing to their higher risk of cardiotoxicity. A model of doxorubicin clearance based on body surface area and age offers a patient-centred dose-adjustment strategy that may replace the current disparate initial-dose selection tools, providing a rational way to compensate for pharmacokinetic variability in children aged <7 years. Population pharmacokinetic models in adults have not adequately addressed older ages, obesity, hepatic and renal dysfunction, and potential drug-drug interactions to enable clinical application. Although candidate gene and genome-wide association studies have investigated relationships between genetic variability and anthracycline pharmacokinetics or clinical outcomes, there have been few clinically significant reproducible associations. Precision-dosing of anthracyclines is currently hindered by lack of clinically useful pharmacokinetic targets and models that predict cumulative anthracycline exposures. Combined with known risk factors for cardiotoxicity, the use of advanced echocardiography and biomarkers, future validated pharmacokinetic targets and predictive models could facilitate anthracycline precision dosing that truly maximises efficacy and provides individualised early intervention with cardioprotective therapies in patients at risk of cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta C Sallustio
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, SA, Australia.,Discipline of Pharmacology, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Alan V Boddy
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences and UniSA Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Maloney SM, Hoover CA, Morejon-Lasso LV, Prosperi JR. Mechanisms of Taxane Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3323. [PMID: 33182737 PMCID: PMC7697134 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The taxane family of chemotherapy drugs has been used to treat a variety of mostly epithelial-derived tumors and remain the first-line treatment for some cancers. Despite the improved survival time and reduction of tumor size observed in some patients, many have no response to the drugs or develop resistance over time. Taxane resistance is multi-faceted and involves multiple pathways in proliferation, apoptosis, metabolism, and the transport of foreign substances. In this review, we dive deeper into hypothesized resistance mechanisms from research during the last decade, with a focus on the cancer types that use taxanes as first-line treatment but frequently develop resistance to them. Furthermore, we will discuss current clinical inhibitors and those yet to be approved that target key pathways or proteins and aim to reverse resistance in combination with taxanes or individually. Lastly, we will highlight taxane response biomarkers, specific genes with monitored expression and correlated with response to taxanes, mentioning those currently being used and those that should be adopted. The future directions of taxanes involve more personalized approaches to treatment by tailoring drug-inhibitor combinations or alternatives depending on levels of resistance biomarkers. We hope that this review will identify gaps in knowledge surrounding taxane resistance that future research or clinical trials can overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M. Maloney
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, South Bend, IN 46617, USA;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, IN 46617, USA
| | - Camden A. Hoover
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA; (C.A.H.); (L.V.M.-L.)
| | - Lorena V. Morejon-Lasso
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA; (C.A.H.); (L.V.M.-L.)
| | - Jenifer R. Prosperi
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, South Bend, IN 46617, USA;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, IN 46617, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA; (C.A.H.); (L.V.M.-L.)
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Garrison DA, Talebi Z, Eisenmann ED, Sparreboom A, Baker SD. Role of OATP1B1 and OATP1B3 in Drug-Drug Interactions Mediated by Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E856. [PMID: 32916864 PMCID: PMC7559291 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12090856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Failure to recognize important features of a drug's pharmacokinetic characteristics is a key cause of inappropriate dose and schedule selection, and can lead to reduced efficacy and increased rate of adverse drug reactions requiring medical intervention. As oral chemotherapeutic agents, tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are particularly prone to cause drug-drug interactions as many drugs in this class are known or suspected to potently inhibit the hepatic uptake transporters OATP1B1 and OATP1B3. In this article, we provide a comprehensive overview of the published literature and publicly-available regulatory documents in this rapidly emerging field. Our findings indicate that, while many TKIs can potentially inhibit the function of OATP1B1 and/or OATP1B3 and cause clinically-relevant drug-drug interactions, there are many inconsistencies between regulatory documents and the published literature. Potential explanations for these discrepant observations are provided in order to assist prescribing clinicians in designing safe and effective polypharmacy regimens, and to provide researchers with insights into refining experimental strategies to further predict and define the translational significance of TKI-mediated drug-drug interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Alex Sparreboom
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (D.A.G.); (Z.T.); (E.D.E.)
| | - Sharyn D. Baker
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (D.A.G.); (Z.T.); (E.D.E.)
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Hepatobiliary phase enhancement of liver metastases on gadoxetic acid MRI: assessment of frequency and patterns. Eur Radiol 2020; 31:1359-1366. [PMID: 32886204 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-020-07228-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess for and characterize patterns of hepatobiliary phase (HBP) enhancement in hepatic metastases of various malignancies on gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI. METHODS Eighty gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI studies performed between July 2012 and November 2019 in patients with hepatic metastases from 13 different primary malignancies were assessed. Most (n = 60) were from colorectal cancer (CRC), pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), or neuroendocrine tumor (NET) primaries. Two radiologists quantitatively evaluated the dominant lesion on each MRI. A lesion was considered enhancing when HBP enhancement relative to muscle exceeded 20%. Lesions were classified by pattern of enhancement. Quantitative enhancement metrics and patterns of enhancement were compared between CRC, PDAC, and NET using non-parametric statistical tests. RESULTS Most dominant metastatic lesions > 1 cm (77%, 54/70) demonstrated HBP enhancement. HBP enhancement was identified in hepatic metastases from 10 different primary malignancies, including CRC, PDAC, and NET. PDAC metastases demonstrated a lower degree of HBP enhancement (26%) than CRC (44%, padj = 0.04) and NET (51%, padj = 0.01) metastases. Three discrete enhancement patterns were identified: peripheral, central (target), and diffuse heterogeneous. Patterns of HBP enhancement varied between CRC, PDAC, and NET, with secondary analysis demonstrating that PDAC had the highest proportion of peripheral pattern (73%, padj < 0.001), CRC the highest proportion of diffuse heterogeneous pattern (32%, padj < 0.01), and NET the highest proportion of central pattern (89%, padj < 0.001). CONCLUSION Liver metastases from several primary malignancies, including PDAC, demonstrate mild HBP enhancement in variable patterns. Correlation with OATP1B3 expression and prognosis is required. KEY POINTS • Hepatobiliary phase (HBP) enhancement was identified in 77% of hepatic metastases in several different primary malignancies. • Discrete patterns of HBP enhancement exist (peripheral, central, diffuse heterogeneous) and varied between CRC, PDAC, and NET. CRC and PDAC metastases demonstrated mostly non-central patterns (diffuse and peripheral), and NET mostly a central pattern. • Relationship between HBP enhancement, enhancement pattern, OATP1B3 expression, and prognosis requires further dedicated exploration for each malignancy.
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Uptake Transporters of the SLC21, SLC22A, and SLC15A Families in Anticancer Therapy-Modulators of Cellular Entry or Pharmacokinetics? Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082263. [PMID: 32806706 PMCID: PMC7464370 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Solute carrier transporters comprise a large family of uptake transporters involved in the transmembrane transport of a wide array of endogenous substrates such as hormones, nutrients, and metabolites as well as of clinically important drugs. Several cancer therapeutics, ranging from chemotherapeutics such as topoisomerase inhibitors, DNA-intercalating drugs, and microtubule binders to targeted therapeutics such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors are substrates of solute carrier (SLC) transporters. Given that SLC transporters are expressed both in organs pivotal to drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination and in tumors, these transporters constitute determinants of cellular drug accumulation influencing intracellular drug concentration required for efficacy of the cancer treatment in tumor cells. In this review, we explore the current understanding of members of three SLC families, namely SLC21 (organic anion transporting polypeptides, OATPs), SLC22A (organic cation transporters, OCTs; organic cation/carnitine transporters, OCTNs; and organic anion transporters OATs), and SLC15A (peptide transporters, PEPTs) in the etiology of cancer, in transport of chemotherapeutic drugs, and their influence on efficacy or toxicity of pharmacotherapy. We further explore the idea to exploit the function of SLC transporters to enhance cancer cell accumulation of chemotherapeutics, which would be expected to reduce toxic side effects in healthy tissue and to improve efficacy.
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Cheong EJY, Nair PC, Neo RWY, Tu HT, Lin F, Chiong E, Esuvaranathan K, Fan H, Szmulewitz RZ, Peer CJ, Figg WD, Chai CLL, Miners JO, Chan ECY. Slow-, Tight-Binding Inhibition of CYP17A1 by Abiraterone Redefines Its Kinetic Selectivity and Dosing Regimen. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2020; 374:438-451. [PMID: 32554434 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.120.265868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Substantial evidence underscores the clinical efficacy of inhibiting CYP17A1-mediated androgen biosynthesis by abiraterone for treatment of prostate oncology. Previous structural analysis and in vitro assays revealed inconsistencies surrounding the nature and potency of CYP17A1 inhibition by abiraterone. Here, we establish that abiraterone is a slow-, tight-binding inhibitor of CYP17A1, with initial weak binding preceding the subsequent slow isomerization to a high-affinity CYP17A1-abiraterone complex. The in vitro inhibition constant of the final high-affinity CYP17A1-abiraterone complex ( ( K i * = 0.39 nM )yielded a binding free energy of -12.8 kcal/mol that was quantitatively consistent with the in silico prediction of -14.5 kcal/mol. Prolonged suppression of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) concentrations observed in VCaP cells after abiraterone washout corroborated its protracted CYP17A1 engagement. Molecular dynamics simulations illuminated potential structural determinants underlying the rapid reversible binding characterizing the two-step induced-fit model. Given the extended residence time (42 hours) of abiraterone within the CYP17A1 active site, in silico simulations demonstrated sustained target engagement even when most abiraterone has been eliminated systemically. Subsequent pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) modeling linking time-dependent CYP17A1 occupancy to in vitro steroidogenic dynamics predicted comparable suppression of downstream DHEA-sulfate at both 1000- and 500-mg doses of abiraterone acetate. This enabled mechanistic rationalization of a clinically reported PK-PD disconnect, in which equipotent reduction of downstream plasma DHEA-sulfate levels was achieved despite a lower systemic exposure of abiraterone. Our novel findings provide the impetus for re-evaluating the current dosing paradigm of abiraterone with the aim of preserving PD efficacy while mitigating its dose-dependent adverse effects and financial burden. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: With the advent of novel molecularly targeted anticancer modalities, it is becoming increasingly evident that optimal dose selection must necessarily be predicated on mechanistic characterization of the relationships between target exposure, drug-target interactions, and pharmacodynamic endpoints. Nevertheless, efficacy has always been perceived as being exclusively synonymous with affinity-based measurements of drug-target binding. This work demonstrates how elucidating the slow-, tight-binding inhibition of CYP17A1 by abiraterone via in vitro and in silico analyses was pivotal in establishing the role of kinetic selectivity in mediating time-dependent CYP17A1 engagement and eventually downstream efficacy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Jing Yi Cheong
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science (E.J.Y.C., R.W.Y.N., H.T.T., C.L.L.C., E.C.Y.C.) and Department of Biological Sciences (H.F.), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia (P.C.N., J.O.M.); Bioinformatics Institute, Biotransformation Innovation Platform (BioTrans) (F.L.) and Bioinformatics Institute (H.F.), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore; Department of Surgery, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore (E.C., K.E.); Department of Urology, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore (E.C., K.E.); Centre for Computational Biology, DUKE-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore (H.F.); The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (R.Z.S.); National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland (C.J.P., W.D.F.); and National University Cancer Institute, Singapore (NCIS), NUH Medical Centre (NUHMC), Singapore, Singapore (E.C.Y.C.)
| | - Pramod C Nair
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science (E.J.Y.C., R.W.Y.N., H.T.T., C.L.L.C., E.C.Y.C.) and Department of Biological Sciences (H.F.), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia (P.C.N., J.O.M.); Bioinformatics Institute, Biotransformation Innovation Platform (BioTrans) (F.L.) and Bioinformatics Institute (H.F.), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore; Department of Surgery, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore (E.C., K.E.); Department of Urology, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore (E.C., K.E.); Centre for Computational Biology, DUKE-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore (H.F.); The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (R.Z.S.); National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland (C.J.P., W.D.F.); and National University Cancer Institute, Singapore (NCIS), NUH Medical Centre (NUHMC), Singapore, Singapore (E.C.Y.C.)
| | - Rebecca Wan Yi Neo
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science (E.J.Y.C., R.W.Y.N., H.T.T., C.L.L.C., E.C.Y.C.) and Department of Biological Sciences (H.F.), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia (P.C.N., J.O.M.); Bioinformatics Institute, Biotransformation Innovation Platform (BioTrans) (F.L.) and Bioinformatics Institute (H.F.), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore; Department of Surgery, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore (E.C., K.E.); Department of Urology, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore (E.C., K.E.); Centre for Computational Biology, DUKE-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore (H.F.); The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (R.Z.S.); National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland (C.J.P., W.D.F.); and National University Cancer Institute, Singapore (NCIS), NUH Medical Centre (NUHMC), Singapore, Singapore (E.C.Y.C.)
| | - Ho Thanh Tu
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science (E.J.Y.C., R.W.Y.N., H.T.T., C.L.L.C., E.C.Y.C.) and Department of Biological Sciences (H.F.), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia (P.C.N., J.O.M.); Bioinformatics Institute, Biotransformation Innovation Platform (BioTrans) (F.L.) and Bioinformatics Institute (H.F.), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore; Department of Surgery, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore (E.C., K.E.); Department of Urology, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore (E.C., K.E.); Centre for Computational Biology, DUKE-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore (H.F.); The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (R.Z.S.); National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland (C.J.P., W.D.F.); and National University Cancer Institute, Singapore (NCIS), NUH Medical Centre (NUHMC), Singapore, Singapore (E.C.Y.C.)
| | - Fu Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science (E.J.Y.C., R.W.Y.N., H.T.T., C.L.L.C., E.C.Y.C.) and Department of Biological Sciences (H.F.), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia (P.C.N., J.O.M.); Bioinformatics Institute, Biotransformation Innovation Platform (BioTrans) (F.L.) and Bioinformatics Institute (H.F.), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore; Department of Surgery, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore (E.C., K.E.); Department of Urology, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore (E.C., K.E.); Centre for Computational Biology, DUKE-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore (H.F.); The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (R.Z.S.); National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland (C.J.P., W.D.F.); and National University Cancer Institute, Singapore (NCIS), NUH Medical Centre (NUHMC), Singapore, Singapore (E.C.Y.C.)
| | - Edmund Chiong
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science (E.J.Y.C., R.W.Y.N., H.T.T., C.L.L.C., E.C.Y.C.) and Department of Biological Sciences (H.F.), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia (P.C.N., J.O.M.); Bioinformatics Institute, Biotransformation Innovation Platform (BioTrans) (F.L.) and Bioinformatics Institute (H.F.), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore; Department of Surgery, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore (E.C., K.E.); Department of Urology, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore (E.C., K.E.); Centre for Computational Biology, DUKE-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore (H.F.); The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (R.Z.S.); National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland (C.J.P., W.D.F.); and National University Cancer Institute, Singapore (NCIS), NUH Medical Centre (NUHMC), Singapore, Singapore (E.C.Y.C.)
| | - Kesavan Esuvaranathan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science (E.J.Y.C., R.W.Y.N., H.T.T., C.L.L.C., E.C.Y.C.) and Department of Biological Sciences (H.F.), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia (P.C.N., J.O.M.); Bioinformatics Institute, Biotransformation Innovation Platform (BioTrans) (F.L.) and Bioinformatics Institute (H.F.), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore; Department of Surgery, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore (E.C., K.E.); Department of Urology, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore (E.C., K.E.); Centre for Computational Biology, DUKE-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore (H.F.); The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (R.Z.S.); National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland (C.J.P., W.D.F.); and National University Cancer Institute, Singapore (NCIS), NUH Medical Centre (NUHMC), Singapore, Singapore (E.C.Y.C.)
| | - Hao Fan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science (E.J.Y.C., R.W.Y.N., H.T.T., C.L.L.C., E.C.Y.C.) and Department of Biological Sciences (H.F.), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia (P.C.N., J.O.M.); Bioinformatics Institute, Biotransformation Innovation Platform (BioTrans) (F.L.) and Bioinformatics Institute (H.F.), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore; Department of Surgery, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore (E.C., K.E.); Department of Urology, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore (E.C., K.E.); Centre for Computational Biology, DUKE-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore (H.F.); The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (R.Z.S.); National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland (C.J.P., W.D.F.); and National University Cancer Institute, Singapore (NCIS), NUH Medical Centre (NUHMC), Singapore, Singapore (E.C.Y.C.)
| | - Russell Z Szmulewitz
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science (E.J.Y.C., R.W.Y.N., H.T.T., C.L.L.C., E.C.Y.C.) and Department of Biological Sciences (H.F.), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia (P.C.N., J.O.M.); Bioinformatics Institute, Biotransformation Innovation Platform (BioTrans) (F.L.) and Bioinformatics Institute (H.F.), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore; Department of Surgery, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore (E.C., K.E.); Department of Urology, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore (E.C., K.E.); Centre for Computational Biology, DUKE-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore (H.F.); The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (R.Z.S.); National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland (C.J.P., W.D.F.); and National University Cancer Institute, Singapore (NCIS), NUH Medical Centre (NUHMC), Singapore, Singapore (E.C.Y.C.)
| | - Cody J Peer
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science (E.J.Y.C., R.W.Y.N., H.T.T., C.L.L.C., E.C.Y.C.) and Department of Biological Sciences (H.F.), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia (P.C.N., J.O.M.); Bioinformatics Institute, Biotransformation Innovation Platform (BioTrans) (F.L.) and Bioinformatics Institute (H.F.), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore; Department of Surgery, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore (E.C., K.E.); Department of Urology, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore (E.C., K.E.); Centre for Computational Biology, DUKE-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore (H.F.); The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (R.Z.S.); National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland (C.J.P., W.D.F.); and National University Cancer Institute, Singapore (NCIS), NUH Medical Centre (NUHMC), Singapore, Singapore (E.C.Y.C.)
| | - William D Figg
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science (E.J.Y.C., R.W.Y.N., H.T.T., C.L.L.C., E.C.Y.C.) and Department of Biological Sciences (H.F.), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia (P.C.N., J.O.M.); Bioinformatics Institute, Biotransformation Innovation Platform (BioTrans) (F.L.) and Bioinformatics Institute (H.F.), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore; Department of Surgery, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore (E.C., K.E.); Department of Urology, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore (E.C., K.E.); Centre for Computational Biology, DUKE-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore (H.F.); The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (R.Z.S.); National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland (C.J.P., W.D.F.); and National University Cancer Institute, Singapore (NCIS), NUH Medical Centre (NUHMC), Singapore, Singapore (E.C.Y.C.)
| | - Christina Li Lin Chai
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science (E.J.Y.C., R.W.Y.N., H.T.T., C.L.L.C., E.C.Y.C.) and Department of Biological Sciences (H.F.), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia (P.C.N., J.O.M.); Bioinformatics Institute, Biotransformation Innovation Platform (BioTrans) (F.L.) and Bioinformatics Institute (H.F.), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore; Department of Surgery, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore (E.C., K.E.); Department of Urology, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore (E.C., K.E.); Centre for Computational Biology, DUKE-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore (H.F.); The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (R.Z.S.); National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland (C.J.P., W.D.F.); and National University Cancer Institute, Singapore (NCIS), NUH Medical Centre (NUHMC), Singapore, Singapore (E.C.Y.C.)
| | - John O Miners
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science (E.J.Y.C., R.W.Y.N., H.T.T., C.L.L.C., E.C.Y.C.) and Department of Biological Sciences (H.F.), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia (P.C.N., J.O.M.); Bioinformatics Institute, Biotransformation Innovation Platform (BioTrans) (F.L.) and Bioinformatics Institute (H.F.), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore; Department of Surgery, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore (E.C., K.E.); Department of Urology, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore (E.C., K.E.); Centre for Computational Biology, DUKE-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore (H.F.); The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (R.Z.S.); National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland (C.J.P., W.D.F.); and National University Cancer Institute, Singapore (NCIS), NUH Medical Centre (NUHMC), Singapore, Singapore (E.C.Y.C.)
| | - Eric Chun Yong Chan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science (E.J.Y.C., R.W.Y.N., H.T.T., C.L.L.C., E.C.Y.C.) and Department of Biological Sciences (H.F.), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia (P.C.N., J.O.M.); Bioinformatics Institute, Biotransformation Innovation Platform (BioTrans) (F.L.) and Bioinformatics Institute (H.F.), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore; Department of Surgery, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore (E.C., K.E.); Department of Urology, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore (E.C., K.E.); Centre for Computational Biology, DUKE-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore (H.F.); The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (R.Z.S.); National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland (C.J.P., W.D.F.); and National University Cancer Institute, Singapore (NCIS), NUH Medical Centre (NUHMC), Singapore, Singapore (E.C.Y.C.)
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Laczkó-Rigó R, Jójárt R, Mernyák E, Bakos É, Tuerkova A, Zdrazil B, Özvegy-Laczka C. Structural dissection of 13-epiestrones based on the interaction with human Organic anion-transporting polypeptide, OATP2B1. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 200:105652. [PMID: 32147459 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2020.105652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Human OATP2B1 encoded by the SLCO2B1 gene is a multispecific transporter mediating the cellular uptake of large, organic molecules, including hormones, prostaglandins and bile acids. OATP2B1 is ubiquitously expressed in the human body, with highest expression levels in pharmacologically relevant barriers, like enterocytes, hepatocytes and endothelial cells of the blood-brain-barrier. In addition to its endogenous substrates, OATP2B1 also recognizes clinically applied drugs, such as statins, antivirals, antihistamines and chemotherapeutic agents and influences their pharmacokinetics. On the other hand, OATP2B1 is also overexpressed in various tumors. Considering that elevated hormone uptake by OATP2B1 results in increased cell proliferation of hormone dependent tumors (e.g. breast or prostate), inhibition of OATP2B1 can be a good strategy to inhibit the growth of these tumors. 13-epiestrones represent a potential novel strategy in the treatment of hormone dependent cancers by the suppression of local estrogen production due to the inhibition of the key enzyme of estrone metabolism, 17ß-hydroxysteroid-dehydrogenase type 1 (HSD17ß1). Recently, we have demonstrated that various phosphonated 13-epiestrones are dual inhibitors also suppressing OATP2B1 function. In order to gain better insights into the molecular determinants of OATP2B1 13-epiestrone interaction we investigated the effect of C-2 and C-4 halogen or phenylalkynyl modified epiestrones on OATP2B1 transport function. Potent inhibitors (with EC50 values in the low micromolar range) as well as non-inhibitors of OATP2B1 function were identified. Based on the structure-activity relationship (SAR) of the various 13-epiestrone derivatives we could define structural elements important for OATP2B1 inhibition. Our results may help to understand the drug/inhibitor interaction profile of OATP2B1, and also may be a useful strategy to block steroid hormone entry into tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Réka Laczkó-Rigó
- Membrane Protein Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, RCNS, H-1117, Budapest, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, Hungary
| | - Rebeka Jójárt
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Erzsébet Mernyák
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Éva Bakos
- Membrane Protein Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, RCNS, H-1117, Budapest, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, Hungary
| | - Alzbeta Tuerkova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Division of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Zdrazil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Division of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Csilla Özvegy-Laczka
- Membrane Protein Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, RCNS, H-1117, Budapest, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, Hungary.
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Kawasaki T, Shiozaki Y, Nomura N, Kawai K, Uwai Y, Nabekura T. Investigation of Fluorescent Substrates and Substrate-Dependent Interactions of a Drug Transporter Organic Anion Transporting Polypeptide 2B1 (OATP2B1). Pharm Res 2020; 37:115. [PMID: 32483763 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-020-02831-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In this study, we investigated organic anion transporting polypeptide 2B1 (OATP2B1)-mediated uptake of fluorescent anions to better identify fluorescent substrates for in vitro OATP2B1 assays. The OATP2B1 is involved in the intestinal absorption and one of the pharmacokinetic determinants of orally administered drugs. METHODS A microplate reader was used to determine the cellular accumulation of the fluorescent compounds into the OATP2B1 or the empty vector-transfected HEK293 cells. RESULTS Two types of derivatives were found to be OATP2B1 substrates: heavy halogenated derivatives, such as 4',5'-dibromofluorescein (DBF), and carboxylated derivatives, such as 5-carboxyfluorescein (5-CF). The DBF and 5-CF were transported in a time and concentration-dependent manner. The DBF was transported at a broad pH (pH 6.5-8.0) while 5-CF was transported at an acidic pH (pH 5.5-6.5). The Km values were 0.818 ± 0.067 μM at pH 7.4 for DBF and 8.56 ± 0.41 μM at pH 5.5 for 5-CF. The OATP2B1 inhibitors, including atorvastatin, bromosulfophthalein, glibenclamide, sulfasalazine, talinolol, and estrone 3-sulfate, inhibited the DBF and the 5-CF transport. Contrastively, testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, and progesterone inhibited the DBF transport but stimulated the 5-CF transport. Natural flavonoid aglycones, such as naringenin and baicalein, also exhibited substrate-dependent effects in this manner. CONCLUSION We found two fluorescein analogs, DBF and 5-CF as the OATP2B1 substrates that exhibited substrate-dependent interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Kawasaki
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8650, Japan
| | - Yuichi Shiozaki
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8650, Japan
| | - Naoki Nomura
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8650, Japan
| | - Kumi Kawai
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8650, Japan
| | - Yuichi Uwai
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8650, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Nabekura
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8650, Japan.
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46
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Zheng Y, Hou G, Zhang G, Lan T, Yuan J, Zhang L, Yan F, Wang F, Meng P, Dun X, Li X, Chen G, Zhu Z, Wei D, He W, Yuan J. The near-infrared fluorescent dye IR-780 was coupled with cabazitaxel for castration-resistant prostate cancer imaging and therapy. Invest New Drugs 2020; 38:1641-1652. [DOI: 10.1007/s10637-020-00934-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Potent Anticancer Effect of the Natural Steroidal Saponin Gracillin Is Produced by Inhibiting Glycolysis and Oxidative Phosphorylation-Mediated Bioenergetics. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040913. [PMID: 32276500 PMCID: PMC7226187 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic rewiring to utilize aerobic glycolysis is a hallmark of cancer. However, recent findings suggest the role of mitochondria in energy generation in cancer cells and the metabolic switch to oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in response to the blockade of glycolysis. We previously demonstrated that the antitumor effect of gracillin occurs through the inhibition of mitochondrial complex II-mediated energy production. Here, we investigated the potential of gracillin as an anticancer agent targeting both glycolysis and OXPHOS in breast and lung cancer cells. Along with the reduction in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production, gracillin markedly suppresses the production of several glycolysis-associated metabolites. A docking analysis and enzyme assay suggested phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1) is a potential target for the antiglycolytic effect of gracillin. Gracillin reduced the viability and colony formation ability of breast cancer cells by inducing apoptosis. Gracillin displayed efficacious antitumor effects in mice bearing breast cancer cell line or breast cancer patient-derived tumor xenografts with no overt changes in body weight. An analysis of publicly available datasets further suggested that PGK1 expression is associated with metastasis status and poor prognosis in patients with breast cancer. These results suggest that gracillin is a natural anticancer agent that inhibits both glycolysis and mitochondria-mediated bioenergetics.
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Muley H, Fadó R, Rodríguez-Rodríguez R, Casals N. Drug uptake-based chemoresistance in breast cancer treatment. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 177:113959. [PMID: 32272110 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most prevalent type of tumor and the second leading cause of death due to cancer among women. Although screening methods, diagnosis and therapeutic options have improved in the last decade, chemoresistance remains an important challenge. There is evidence relating breast cancer resistance with signaling pathways involving hormone and growth receptors, survival, apoptosis and the activation of efflux pumps. However, the resistance mechanisms linked to drug uptake are poorly understood, despite it often being observed that the drug content is lower in resistant cancer cells and that the entry of the drug into these cells is a limiting process for the subsequent therapeutic effect.In this review, we provide an overview of drug uptake-based resistance mechanisms developed by cancer cells in the four main types of chemotherapy used in breast cancer: anthracyclines, taxanes, oxazaphosphorines and platinum-based drugs. The contribution of tumor microenvironment to reduced drug-uptake and multidrug resistance is also analyzed. As a developing field, nanomedicine-based approaches provide promising opportunities to improve drug specific targeting, cell interaction and uptake into cancer cells. The endocytic-mediated pathways attributed to the different types of nanoformulations as well as the contribution of nanotherapeutics to overcoming chemoresistance affecting drug uptake in breast cancer will be described. New approaches focusing on drug uptake mechanisms could improve breast cancer chemotherapy, obtaining better dose-response outcomes and reducing toxic side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Muley
- Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, E-08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Rut Fadó
- Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, E-08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Rosalía Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, E-08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Núria Casals
- Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, E-08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain.
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Li TT, An JX, Xu JY, Tuo BG. Overview of organic anion transporters and organic anion transporter polypeptides and their roles in the liver. World J Clin Cases 2019; 7:3915-3933. [PMID: 31832394 PMCID: PMC6906560 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v7.i23.3915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Organic anion transporters (OATs) and organic anion transporter polypeptides (OATPs) are classified within two SLC superfamilies, namely, the SLC22A superfamily and the SLCO superfamily (formerly the SLC21A family), respectively. They are expressed in many tissues, such as the liver and kidney, and mediate the absorption and excretion of many endogenous and exogenous substances, including various drugs. Most are composed of 12 transmembrane polypeptide chains with the C-terminus and the N-terminus located in the cell cytoplasm. OATs and OATPs are abundantly expressed in the liver, where they mainly promote the uptake of various endogenous substrates such as bile acids and various exogenous drugs such as antifibrotic and anticancer drugs. However, differences in the locations of glycosylation sites, phosphorylation sites, and amino acids in the OAT and OATP structures lead to different substrates being transported to the liver, which ultimately results in their different roles in the liver. To date, few articles have addressed these aspects of OAT and OATP structures, and we study further the similarities and differences in their structures, tissue distribution, substrates, and roles in liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563100, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Jia-Xing An
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563100, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Jing-Yu Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563100, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Bi-Guang Tuo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563100, Guizhou Province, China
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Huttunen J, Gynther M, Vellonen KS, Huttunen KM. L-Type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1)-utilizing prodrugs are carrier-selective despite having low affinity for organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs). Int J Pharm 2019; 571:118714. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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