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Liang J, Cao G, Zeng M, Fu L. Controllable synthesis of high-entropy alloys. Chem Soc Rev 2024. [PMID: 38738520 DOI: 10.1039/d4cs00034j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
High-entropy alloys (HEAs) involving more than four elements, as emerging alloys, have brought about a paradigm shift in material design. The unprecedented compositional diversities and structural complexities of HEAs endow multidimensional exploration space and great potential for practical benefits, as well as a formidable challenge for synthesis. To further optimize performance and promote advanced applications, it is essential to synthesize HEAs with desired characteristics to satisfy the requirements in the application scenarios. The properties of HEAs are highly related to their chemical compositions, microstructure, and morphology. In this review, a comprehensive overview of the controllable synthesis of HEAs is provided, ranging from composition design to morphology control, structure construction, and surface/interface engineering. The fundamental parameters and advanced characterization related to HEAs are introduced. We also propose several critical directions for future development. This review can provide insight and an in-depth understanding of HEAs, accelerating the synthesis of the desired HEAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Liang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Guanghui Cao
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Mengqi Zeng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Lei Fu
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
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2
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Xing B, Rupert TJ, Pan X, Cao P. Neural network kinetics for exploring diffusion multiplicity and chemical ordering in compositionally complex materials. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3879. [PMID: 38724515 PMCID: PMC11082203 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47927-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Diffusion involving atom transport from one location to another governs many important processes and behaviors such as precipitation and phase nucleation. The inherent chemical complexity in compositionally complex materials poses challenges for modeling atomic diffusion and the resulting formation of chemically ordered structures. Here, we introduce a neural network kinetics (NNK) scheme that predicts and simulates diffusion-induced chemical and structural evolution in complex concentrated chemical environments. The framework is grounded on efficient on-lattice structure and chemistry representation combined with artificial neural networks, enabling precise prediction of all path-dependent migration barriers and individual atom jumps. To demonstrate the method, we study the temperature-dependent local chemical ordering in a refractory NbMoTa alloy and reveal a critical temperature at which the B2 order reaches a maximum. The atomic jump randomness map exhibits the highest diffusion heterogeneity (multiplicity) in the vicinity of this characteristic temperature, which is closely related to chemical ordering and B2 structure formation. The scalable NNK framework provides a promising new avenue to exploring diffusion-related properties in the vast compositional space within which extraordinary properties are hidden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Xing
- Center for Complex and Active Materials, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Timothy J Rupert
- Center for Complex and Active Materials, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Xiaoqing Pan
- Center for Complex and Active Materials, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Penghui Cao
- Center for Complex and Active Materials, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
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3
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Wang H, He Q, Gao X, Shang Y, Zhu W, Zhao W, Chen Z, Gong H, Yang Y. Multifunctional High Entropy Alloys Enabled by Severe Lattice Distortion. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2305453. [PMID: 37561587 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202305453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Since 2004, the design of high entropy alloys (HEAs) has generated significant interest within the materials science community due to their exceptional structural and functional properties. By incorporating multiple principal elements into a common lattice, it is possible to create a single-phase crystal with a highly distorted lattice. This unique feature enables HEAs to offer a promising combination of mechanical and physical properties that are not typically observed in conventional alloys. In this article, an extensive overview of multifunctional HEAs that exhibit severe lattice distortion is provided, covering the theoretical models that are developed to understand lattice distortion, the experimental and computational methods employ to characterize lattice distortion, and most importantly, the impact of severe lattice distortion on the mechanical, physical and electrochemical properties of HEAs. Through this review, it is hoped to stimulate further research into the study of distorted lattices in crystalline solids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Quanfeng He
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Institute of Materials Modification and Modeling, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Yinghui Shang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- City University of Hong Kong (Dongguan), Dongguan, Guangdong, 523000, China
| | - Wenqing Zhu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex System, Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Weijiang Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Powder Metallurgy Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, China
| | - Zhaoqi Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Hao Gong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
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4
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Zhang B, Zhang Z, Xun K, Asta M, Ding J, Ma E. Minimizing the diffusivity difference between vacancies and interstitials in multi-principal element alloys. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2314248121. [PMID: 38266045 PMCID: PMC10835040 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2314248121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Interstitial atoms usually diffuse much faster than vacancies, which is often the root cause for the ineffective recombination of point defects in metals under irradiation. Here, via ab initio modeling of single-defect diffusion behavior in the equiatomic NiCoCrFe(Pd) alloy, we demonstrate an alloy design strategy that can reduce the diffusivity difference between the two types of point defects. The two diffusivities become almost equal after substituting the NiCoCrFe base alloy with Pd. The underlying mechanism is that Pd, with a much larger atomic size (hence larger compressibility) than the rest of the constituents, not only heightens the activation energy barrier (Ea) for interstitial motion by narrowing the diffusion channels but simultaneously also reduces Ea for vacancies due to less energy penalty required for bond length change between the initial and the saddle states. Our findings have a broad implication that the dynamics of point defects can be manipulated by taking advantage of the atomic size disparity, to facilitate point-defect annihilation that suppresses void formation and swelling, thereby improving radiation tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bozhao Zhang
- Center for Alloy Innovation and Design, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an710049, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Center for Alloy Innovation and Design, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an710049, China
- Department of Physics, College of Mathematics and Physics, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu610059, China
| | - Kaihui Xun
- Center for Alloy Innovation and Design, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an710049, China
| | - Mark Asta
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA94720
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA94720
| | - Jun Ding
- Center for Alloy Innovation and Design, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an710049, China
| | - Evan Ma
- Center for Alloy Innovation and Design, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an710049, China
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San S, Adhikari P, Sakidja R, Brechtl J, Liaw PK, Ching WY. Porosity modeling in a TiNbTaZrMo high-entropy alloy for biomedical applications. RSC Adv 2023; 13:36468-36476. [PMID: 38099250 PMCID: PMC10719899 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra07313k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
High-entropy alloys (HEAs) have attracted great attention for many biomedical applications. However, the nature of interatomic interactions in this class of complex multicomponent alloys is not fully understood. We report, for the first time, the results of theoretical modeling for porosity in a large biocompatible HEA TiNbTaZrMo using an atomistic supercell of 1024 atoms that provides new insights and understanding. Our results demonstrated the deficiency of using the valence electron count, quantification of large lattice distortion, validation of mechanical properties with available experimental data to reduce Young's modulus. We utilized the novel concepts of the total bond order density (TBOD) and partial bond order density (PBOD) via ab initio quantum mechanical calculations as an effective theoretical means to chart a road map for the rational design of complex multicomponent HEAs for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saro San
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri Kansas City Kansas City MO 64110 USA
| | - Puja Adhikari
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri Kansas City Kansas City MO 64110 USA
| | - Ridwan Sakidja
- Department of Physics, Astronomy and Materials Science, Missouri State University Springfield MO 65897 USA
| | - Jamieson Brechtl
- Buildings and Transportation Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN 37830 USA
| | - Peter K Liaw
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Tennessee Knoxville TN 37996-2100 USA
| | - Wai-Yim Ching
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri Kansas City Kansas City MO 64110 USA
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6
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Peng W, Lu YR, Lin H, Peng M, Chan TS, Pan A, Tan Y. Sulfur-Stabilizing Ultrafine High-Entropy Alloy Nanoparticles on MXene for Highly Efficient Ethanol Electrooxidation. ACS NANO 2023; 17:22691-22700. [PMID: 37926947 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c07110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
High-entropy alloys (HEAs) are significantly promising candidates for heterogeneous catalysis, yet the controllable synthesis of ultrafine HEA nanoparticles (NPs) remains a formidable challenge due to severe thermal sintering during the high-temperature fabrication process. Herein, we report a sulfur-stabilizing strategy to construct ultrafine HEA NPs with an average diameter of 4.02 nm supported on sulfur-modified Ti3C2Tx (S-Ti3C2Tx) MXene, on which the strong interfacial metal-sulfur interactions between HEA NPs and the S-Ti3C2Tx supports significantly increase the interfacial adhesion strength, thus greatly suppressing nanoparticle sintering by retarding both particle migration and metal atom diffusion. The representative quinary PtPdCuNiCo HEA-S-Ti3C2Tx exhibits excellent catalytic performance toward alkaline ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) with an ultrahigh mass activity of 7.03 A mgPt+Pd-1, which is 4.34 and 5.17 times higher than those of the commercial Pt/C and Pd/C catalysts, respectively. In situ attenuated total reflection-infrared spectroscopy studies reveal that the high intrinsic catalytic activity for the EOR can be ascribed to the synergy of different catalytically active sites of HEA NPs and the well-designed interfacial metal-sulfur interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Peng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Ying-Rui Lu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 300092, Taiwan
| | - Haiping Lin
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Ming Peng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Ting-Shan Chan
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 300092, Taiwan
| | - Anlian Pan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Yongwen Tan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
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7
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Liu C, Ding Y, Guan Y, Tang J, Jiang C, Gao H, Xu J, Zhao J, Lu L. Combination of Rapid Intrinsic Activity Measurements and Machine Learning as a Screening Approach for Multicomponent Electrocatalysts. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:42532-42540. [PMID: 37646500 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c07442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Machine learning (ML) coupled with quantum chemistry calculations predicts catalyst properties with high accuracy; however, ML approaches in the design of multicomponent catalysts primarily rely on simulation data because obtaining sufficient experimental data in a short time is difficult. Herein, we developed a rapid screening strategy involving nanodroplet-mediated electrodeposition using a carbon nanocorn electrode as the support substrate that enables complete data collection for training artificial intelligence networks in one week. The inert support substrate ensures intrinsic activity measurement and operando characterization of the irreversible reconstruction of multinary alloy particles during the oxygen evolution reaction. Our approach works as a closed loop: catalyst synthesis-in situ measurement and characterization-database construction-ML analysis-catalyst design. Using artificial neural networks, the ML analysis revealed that the entropy values of multicomponent catalysts are proportional to their catalytic activity. The catalytic activities of high-entropy systems with different components varied little, and the overall catalytic activity was greater than that of the medium-low-entropy system. These findings will serve as a guideline for the design of catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Changchun 130000, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yan Ding
- Changchun Institute of Technology, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yanxue Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Changchun 130000, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jilin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Changchun 130000, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Chunhuan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Changchun 130000, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Han Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Changchun 130000, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jianan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Jia Zhao
- Changchun Institute of Technology, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Lehui Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Changchun 130000, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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8
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Karcz MJ, Messina L, Kawasaki E, Rajaonson S, Bathellier D, Nastar M, Schuler T, Bourasseau E. Semi-supervised generative approach to chemical disorder: application to point-defect formation in uranium-plutonium mixed oxides. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:23069-23080. [PMID: 37605928 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp02790b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Chemical disorder has a major impact on the characterization of the atomic-scale properties of highly complex chemical compounds, such as the properties of point defects. Due to the vast amount of possible atomic configurations, the study of such properties becomes intractable if treated with direct sampling. In this work, we propose an alternative approach, in which samples are selected based on the local atomic composition around the defect, and the defect formation energy is obtained as a function of this local composition with a reduced computational cost. We apply this approach to (U, Pu)O2 nuclear fuels. The formation-energy distribution is computed using machine-learning generative methods, and used to investigate the impact of chemical disorder and the range of influence of local composition on the defect properties. The predicted distributions are then used to calculate the concentration of thermal defects. This approach allows for the first time for the computation of the latter property with a physically meaningful exploration of the configuration space, and opens the way to a more efficient determination of physico-chemical properties in other chemically-disordered compounds such as high-entropy alloys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej J Karcz
- CEA, DES, IRESNE, DEC, Cadarache, F-13108 Saint-Paul-Lez-Durance, France.
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, LIST, F-91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Luca Messina
- CEA, DES, IRESNE, DEC, Cadarache, F-13108 Saint-Paul-Lez-Durance, France.
| | - Eiji Kawasaki
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, LIST, F-91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Serenah Rajaonson
- CEA, DES, IRESNE, DEC, Cadarache, F-13108 Saint-Paul-Lez-Durance, France.
| | - Didier Bathellier
- CEA, DES, IRESNE, DEC, Cadarache, F-13108 Saint-Paul-Lez-Durance, France.
| | - Maylise Nastar
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Service de Recherche en Corrosion et Comportement des Matériaux, SRMP, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Thomas Schuler
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Service de Recherche en Corrosion et Comportement des Matériaux, SRMP, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Emeric Bourasseau
- CEA, DES, IRESNE, DEC, Cadarache, F-13108 Saint-Paul-Lez-Durance, France.
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Zhang H, Wang Q, Li C, Zhu Z, Huang H, Lu Y. He-ion Irradiation Effects on the Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of the Ti-Zr-Hf-V-Ta Low-Activation High-Entropy Alloys. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:5530. [PMID: 37629821 PMCID: PMC10456733 DOI: 10.3390/ma16165530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
High-entropy alloys (HEAs) have shown promising potential applications in advanced reactors due to the outstanding mechanical properties and irradiation tolerance at elevated temperatures. In this work, the novel low-activation Ti2ZrHfxV0.5Ta0.2 HEAs were designed and prepared to explore high-performance HEAs under irradiation. The microstructures and mechanical properties of the Ti2ZrHfxV0.5Ta0.2 HEAs before and after irradiation were investigated. The results showed that the unirradiated Ti2ZrHfxV0.5Ta0.2 HEAs displayed a single-phase BCC structure. The yield strength of the Ti2ZrHfxV0.5Ta0.2 HEAs increased gradually with the increase of Hf content without decreasing the plasticity at room and elevated temperatures. After irradiation, no obvious radiation-induced segregations or precipitations were found in the transmission electron microscope results of the representative Ti2ZrHfV0.5Ta0.2 HEA. The size and number density of the He bubbles in the Ti2ZrHfV0.5Ta0.2 HEA increased with the improvement of fluence at 1023 K. At the fluences of 1 × 1016 and 3 × 1016 ions/cm2, the irradiation hardening fractions of the Ti2ZrHfV0.5Ta0.2 HEA were 17.7% and 34.1%, respectively, which were lower than those of most reported conventional low-activation materials at similar He ion irradiation fluences. The Ti2ZrHfV0.5Ta0.2 HEA showed good comprehensive mechanical properties, structural stability, and irradiation hardening resistance at elevated temperatures, making it a promising structural material candidate for advanced nuclear energy systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanzhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Solidification Control and Digital Preparation Technology (Liaoning Province), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; (H.Z.)
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Solidification Control and Digital Preparation Technology (Liaoning Province), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; (H.Z.)
| | - Chunhui Li
- Key Laboratory of Solidification Control and Digital Preparation Technology (Liaoning Province), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; (H.Z.)
| | - Zhenbo Zhu
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Hefei Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Yiping Lu
- Key Laboratory of Solidification Control and Digital Preparation Technology (Liaoning Province), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; (H.Z.)
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Ai Y, He MQ, Sun H, Jia X, Wu L, Zhang X, Sun HB, Liang Q. Ultra-Small High-Entropy Alloy Nanoparticles: Efficient Nanozyme for Enhancing Tumor Photothermal Therapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2302335. [PMID: 36995655 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202302335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
High-entropy alloys nanoparticles (HEANPs) are receiving extensive attention due to their broad compositional tunability and unlimited potential in bioapplication. However, developing new methods to prepare ultra-small high-entropy alloy nanoparticles (US-HEANPs) faces severe challenges owing to their intrinsic thermodynamic instability. Furthermore, there are few reports on studying the effect of HEANPs in tumor therapy. Herein, the fabricated PtPdRuRhIr US-HEANPs act as bifunctional nanoplatforms for the highly efficient treatment of tumors. The US-HEANPs are engineered by the universal metal-ligand cross-linking strategy. This simple and scalable strategy is based on the aldol condensation of organometallics to form the target US-HEANPs. The synthesized US-HEANPs exhibit excellent peroxidase-like (POD-like) activity and can catalyze the endogenous hydrogen peroxide to produce highly toxic hydroxyl radicals. Furthermore, the US-HEANPs possess a high photothermal conversion effect for converting 808 nm near-infrared light into heat energy. In vivo and in vitro experiments demonstrated that under the synergistic effect of POD-like activity and photothermal action, the US-HEANPs can effectively ablate cancer cells and treat tumors. It is believed that this work not only provides a new perspective for the fabrication of HEANPs, but also opens the high-entropy nanozymes research direction and their biomedical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjian Ai
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Centre for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Meng-Qi He
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Centre for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Hua Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Centre for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Xiaomeng Jia
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Centre for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Lei Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Centre for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Bin Sun
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, P. R. China
| | - Qionglin Liang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Centre for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
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11
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El Atwani O, Vo HT, Tunes MA, Lee C, Alvarado A, Krienke N, Poplawsky JD, Kohnert AA, Gigax J, Chen WY, Li M, Wang YQ, Wróbel JS, Nguyen-Manh D, Baldwin JKS, Tukac OU, Aydogan E, Fensin S, Martinez E. A quinary WTaCrVHf nanocrystalline refractory high-entropy alloy withholding extreme irradiation environments. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2516. [PMID: 37130885 PMCID: PMC10154406 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38000-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In the quest of new materials that can withstand severe irradiation and mechanical extremes for advanced applications (e.g. fission & fusion reactors, space applications, etc.), design, prediction and control of advanced materials beyond current material designs become paramount. Here, through a combined experimental and simulation methodology, we design a nanocrystalline refractory high entropy alloy (RHEA) system. Compositions assessed under extreme environments and in situ electron-microscopy reveal both high thermal stability and radiation resistance. We observe grain refinement under heavy ion irradiation and resistance to dual-beam irradiation and helium implantation in the form of low defect generation and evolution, as well as no detectable grain growth. The experimental and modeling results-showing a good agreement-can be applied to design and rapidly assess other alloys subjected to extreme environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- O El Atwani
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA.
| | - H T Vo
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - M A Tunes
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - C Lee
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnology, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
- Department of Materials and Mechanical Engineering, Auburn University, Montgomery, AL, USA
| | - A Alvarado
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
- Departments of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - N Krienke
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - J D Poplawsky
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - A A Kohnert
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - J Gigax
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnology, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - W-Y Chen
- Division of Nuclear Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemon, IL, USA
| | - M Li
- Division of Nuclear Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemon, IL, USA
| | - Y Q Wang
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - J S Wróbel
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, ul. Wołoska, 02-507, Warsaw, Poland
| | - D Nguyen-Manh
- Culham Center for Fusion Energy, United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority, Abingdon, OX14 3DB, UK
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PH, UK
| | - J K S Baldwin
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnology, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - O U Tukac
- Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - E Aydogan
- Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - S Fensin
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnology, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - E Martinez
- Departments of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
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12
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Ferrari A, Körmann F, Asta M, Neugebauer J. Simulating short-range order in compositionally complex materials. NATURE COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE 2023; 3:221-229. [PMID: 38177884 DOI: 10.1038/s43588-023-00407-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
In multicomponent materials, short-range order (SRO) is the development of correlated arrangements of atoms at the nanometer scale. Its impact in compositionally complex materials has stimulated an intense debate within the materials science community. Understanding SRO is critical to control the properties of technologically relevant materials, from metallic alloys to functional ceramics. In contrast to long-range order, quantitative characterization of the nature and spatial extent of SRO evades most of the experimentally available techniques. Simulations at the atomistic scale have full access to SRO but face the challenge of accurately sampling high-dimensional configuration spaces to identify the thermodynamic and kinetic conditions at which SRO is formed and what impact it has on material properties. Here we highlight recent progress in computational approaches, such as machine learning-based interatomic potentials, for quantifying and understanding SRO in compositionally complex materials. We briefly recap the key theoretical concepts and methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Ferrari
- Materials Science and Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Fritz Körmann
- Materials Science and Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands.
- Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Mark Asta
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jörg Neugebauer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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13
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Vuoriheimo T, Liski A, Jalkanen P, Ahlgren T, Mizohata K, Heinola K, Zayachuk Y, Tseng K, Tsai C, Yeh J, Tuomisto F. Hydrogen isotope exchange experiments in high entropy alloy WMoTaNbV. NUCLEAR MATERIALS AND ENERGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nme.2022.101348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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14
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Kombaiah B, Zhou Y, Jin K, Manzoor A, Poplawsky JD, Aguiar JA, Bei H, Aidhy DS, Edmondson PD, Zhang Y. Nanoprecipitates to Enhance Radiation Tolerance in High-Entropy Alloys. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:3912-3924. [PMID: 36623205 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c17540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The growth of advanced energy technologies for power generation is enabled by the design, development, and integration of structural materials that can withstand extreme environments, such as high temperatures, radiation damage, and corrosion. High-entropy alloys (HEAs) are a class of structural materials in which suitable chemical elements in four or more numbers are mixed to typically produce single-phase concentrated solid solution alloys (CSAs). Many of these alloys exhibit good radiation tolerance like limited void swelling and hardening up to relatively medium radiation doses (tens of displacements per atom (dpa)); however, at higher radiation damage levels (>50 dpa), some HEAs suffer from considerable void swelling limiting their near-term acceptance for advanced nuclear reactor concepts. In this study, we developed a HEA containing a high density of Cu-rich nanoprecipitates distributed in the HEA matrix. The Cu-added HEA, NiCoFeCrCu0.12, shows excellent void swelling resistance and negligible radiation-induced hardening upon irradiation up to high radiation doses (i.e., higher than 100 dpa). The void swelling resistance of the alloy is measured to be significantly better than NiCoFeCr CSA and austenitic stainless steels. Density functional theory simulations predict lower vacancy and interstitial formation energies at the coherent interfaces between Cu-rich nanoprecipitates and the HEA matrix. The alloy maintained a high sink strength achieved via nanoprecipitates and the coherent interface with the matrix at a high radiation dose (∼50 dpa). From our experiments and simulations, the effective recombination of radiation-produced vacancies and interstitials at the coherent interfaces of the nanoprecipitates is suggested to be the critical mechanism responsible for the radiation tolerance of the alloy. The materials design strategy based on incorporating a high density of interfaces can be applied to high-entropy alloy systems to improve their radiation tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boopathy Kombaiah
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee37831, United States
- Characterization and Post-Irradiation Examination Division, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, Idaho83415, United States
| | - Yufan Zhou
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee37831, United States
| | - Ke Jin
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee37831, United States
| | - Anus Manzoor
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming82071, United States
| | - Jonathan D Poplawsky
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee37831, United States
| | - Jeffery A Aguiar
- Nuclear Science and Technology Division, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, Idaho83415, United States
| | - Hongbin Bei
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, China
| | - Dilpuneet S Aidhy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina29634, United States
| | - Philip D Edmondson
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee37831, United States
- Department of Materials, Photon Science Institute, The University of Manchester,Oxford Road, ManchesterM13 9PL, U.K
| | - Yanwen Zhang
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee37831, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee37996, United States
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15
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Feltrin AC, Xing Q, Akinwekomi AD, Waseem OA, Akhtar F. Review of Novel High-Entropy Protective Materials: Wear, Irradiation, and Erosion Resistance Properties. ENTROPY (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 25:e25010073. [PMID: 36673214 PMCID: PMC9858003 DOI: 10.3390/e25010073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
By their unique compositions and microstructures, recently developed high-entropy materials (HEMs) exhibit outstanding properties and performance above the threshold of traditional materials. Wear- and erosion-resistant materials are of significant interest for different applications, such as industrial devices, aerospace materials, and military equipment, related to their capability to tolerate heavy loads during sliding, rolling, or impact events. The high-entropy effect and crystal lattice distortion are attributed to higher hardness and yield stress, promoting increased wear and erosion resistance in HEMs. In addition, HEMs have higher defect formation/migration energies that inhibit the formation of defect clusters, making them resistant to structural damage after radiation. Hence, they are sought after in the nuclear and aerospace industries. The concept of high-entropy, applied to protective materials, has enhanced the properties and performance of HEMs. Therefore, they are viable candidates for today's demanding protective materials for wear, erosion, and irradiation applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C. Feltrin
- Division of Materials Science, Luleå University of Technology, SE 97187 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Qiuwei Xing
- Division of Materials Science, Luleå University of Technology, SE 97187 Luleå, Sweden
| | | | - Owais Ahmed Waseem
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Farid Akhtar
- Division of Materials Science, Luleå University of Technology, SE 97187 Luleå, Sweden
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16
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Qiu R, Chen Y, Liao X, Lin Y, Dou Y, He X, Yang W, Hu W, Deng H. Development of a semi-empirical interatomic potential appropriate for the radiation defects in V-Ti-Ta-Nb high-entropy alloy. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2022; 35:055701. [PMID: 36541500 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aca50c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
High-entropy alloys (HEAs) hold promise as candidate structural materials in future nuclear energy systems. Body-centred cubic V-Ti-Ta-Nb HEAs have received extensive attention due to their excellent mechanical properties. In this work, the Finnis-Sinclair interatomic potential for quaternary V-Ti-Ta-Nb HEAs has been fitted based on the defect properties obtained with the density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The new potential for Nb accurately reproduces the vacancy formation energy, vacancy migration energy and interstitial formation energy. The typical radiation defect properties predicted by the alloy potential were consistent with the DFT results, including the binding energies between substitutional solute atoms, the binding energy between substitutional atoms and vacancies, and the formation energy of interstitial solute atoms. In addition, the mixing enthalpies of the alloys were also consistent with the DFT results. The present potential can also describe reasonably the collision cascade process of quaternary V-Ti-Ta-Nb HEAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongyang Qiu
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangchun Chen
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Xichuan Liao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Yeping Lin
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Yankun Dou
- China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 102413, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinfu He
- China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 102413, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Yang
- China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 102413, People's Republic of China
| | - Wangyu Hu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiqiu Deng
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
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17
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Chen S, Xu K, Chang W, Wang Y, Wu Y. On the WEDM of WNbMoTaZr x ( x = 0.5, 1) Refractory High Entropy Alloys. ENTROPY (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 24:1796. [PMID: 36554201 PMCID: PMC9778049 DOI: 10.3390/e24121796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
As a potential candidate for the next generation of high-temperature alloys, refractory high entropy alloys (RHEAs) have excellent mechanical properties and thermal stability, especially for high-temperature applications, where the processing of RHEAs plays a critical role in engineering applications. In this work, the wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) performance of WNbMoTaZrx (x = 0.5, 1) RHEAs was investigated, as compared with tungsten, cemented carbide and industrial pure Zr. The cutting efficiency (CE) of the five materials was significantly dependent on the melting points, while the surface roughness (Ra) was not. For the RHEAs, the CE was significantly affected by the pulse-on time (ON), pulse-off time (OFF) and peak current (IP), while the surface roughness was mainly dependent on the ON and IP. The statistical analyses have shown that the CE data of RHEAs have relatively-smaller Weibull moduli than those for the Ra data, which suggests that the CE of RHEAs can be tuned by optimizing the processing parameters. However, it is challenging to tune the surface roughness of RHEAs by tailoring the processing parameters. Differing from the comparative materials, the WEDMed surfaces of the RHEAs showed dense spherical re-solidified particles at upper recast layers, resulting in larger Ra values. The proportion of the upper recast layers can be estimated by the specific discharge energy (SDE). Following the WEDM, the RHEAs maintained the main BCC1 phase, enriched with the W and Ta elements, while the second BCC2 phase in the Zr1.0 RHEA disappeared. Strategies for achieving a better WEDMed surface quality of RHEAs were also proposed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunhua Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Kuang Xu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Weijie Chang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Yong Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Yucheng Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Nonferrous Metals and Processing Technology, Hefei 230009, China
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18
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Chen S, Qi C, Liu J, Zhang J, Wu Y. Recent Advances in W-Containing Refractory High-Entropy Alloys-An Overview. ENTROPY (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 24:1553. [PMID: 36359643 PMCID: PMC9689321 DOI: 10.3390/e24111553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
During the past decade, refractory high-entropy alloys (RHEA) have attracted great attention of scientists, engineers and scholars due to their excellent mechanical and functional properties. The W-containing RHEAs are favored by researchers because of their great application potential in aerospace, marine and nuclear equipment and other high-temperature, corrosive and irradiated fields. In this review, more than 150 W-containing RHEAs are summarized and compared. The preparation techniques, microstructure and mechanical properties of the W-containing RHEAs are systematically outlined. In addition, the functional properties of W-containing RHEAs, such as oxidation, corrosion, irradiation and wear resistance have been elaborated and analyzed. Finally, the key issues faced by the development of W-containing RHEAs in terms of design and fabrication techniques, strengthening and deformation mechanisms, and potential functional applications are proposed and discussed. Future directions for the investigation and application of W-containing RHEAs are also suggested. The present work provides useful guidance for the development, processing and application of W-containing RHEAs and the RHEA components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunhua Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Chen Qi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Jiaqin Liu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Jingsai Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Yucheng Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Nonferrous Metals and Processing Technology, Hefei 230009, China
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19
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Zhang J, Chen S, Liu J, Qing Z, Wu Y. Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Novel High-Strength, Low-Activation W x(TaVZr) 100−x (x = 5, 10, 15, 20, 25) Refractory High Entropy Alloys. ENTROPY 2022; 24:1342. [PMCID: PMC9600907 DOI: 10.3390/e24101342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this work, novel high-strength, low-activation Wx(TaVZr)100−x (x = 5, 10, 15, 20, 25) refractory high entropy alloys (RHEAs) were prepared by vacuum arc melting. Their microstructure, compressive mechanical properties, hardness, and fracture morphology were investigated and analyzed. The results show that the RHEAs possess a disordered BCC phase, ordered Laves phase, and Zr-rich HCP phase. Their dendrite structures were observed, and the distribution of dendrites became gradually more dense with an increase in W content. The RHEAs demonstrate high strength and hardness, with these properties being higher than in most reported tungsten-containing RHEAs. For example, the typical W20(TaVZr)80 RHEA has a yield strength of 1985 MPa and a hardness of 636 HV, respectively. The improvement in terms of strength and hardness are mainly due to solid solution strengthening and the increase in dendritic regions. During compression, with the increase in the applied load, the fracture behavior of RHEAs changed from initial intergranular fractures to a mixed mode combining both intergranular and transgranular fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingsai Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Shunhua Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Nonferrous Metals and Processing Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Jiaqin Liu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Zhenhua Qing
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Yucheng Wu
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Nonferrous Metals and Processing Technology, Hefei 230009, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
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20
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Influence of Plasma Arc Current on the Friction and Wear Properties of CoCrFeNiMn High Entropy Alloy Coatings Prepared on CGI through Plasma Transfer Arc Cladding. COATINGS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings12050633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
High-entropy alloys receive more attention for high strength, good ductility as well as good wear resistance. In this work, CoCrFeNiMn high-entropy alloy (HEA) coatings were deposited on compacted graphite iron through plasma transfer arc at different currents. The microstructure and wear properties of the CoCrFeNiMn HEA coatings were investigated. The coatings are composed of single phase with FCC structure. The CoCrFeNiMn HEA coating had the highest microhardness of 394 ± 21.6 HV0.2 and the lowest wear mass loss when the plasma current was 65 A. All of the HEA coatings had higher friction coefficients than that of the substrate. There were adhesive, abrasive and oxidation wear forms in the HEA coatings with the wear couple of N80 alloy. The HEA coating presented higher friction coefficient and better wear resistance than compacted graphite iron.
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21
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Neov D, Slavov L, Donkov A, Mirzayev M, Popov E, Demir E, Siemek K, Djourelov N, Turchenko V, Sharipov Z, Horodek P, Beskrovnyi A, Valizade A, Samedov O, Vladescu A, Krezhov K, Felicia I. Structural study of W2B obtained via mechanical alloying of W, B4C, TiC and graphite before and after He ions irradiation. NUCLEAR MATERIALS AND ENERGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nme.2022.101201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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22
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Ren X, Li Y, Qi Y, Wang B. Review on Preparation Technology and Properties of Refractory High Entropy Alloys. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15082931. [PMID: 35454623 PMCID: PMC9030642 DOI: 10.3390/ma15082931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Refractory high entropy alloys have broad application prospects due to their excellent comprehensive properties in high temperature environments, and they have been widely implemented in many complex working conditions. According to the latest research reports, the preparation technology of bulk and coating refractory high entropy alloys are summarized, and the advantages and disadvantages of each preparation technology are analyzed. In addition, the properties of refractory high entropy alloys, such as mechanical properties, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, oxidation resistance, and radiation resistance are reviewed. The existing scientific problems of refractory high entropy alloys, at present, are put forward, which provide reference for the development and application of refractory high entropy alloys in the future, especially for plasma-facing materials in nuclear fusion reactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiqiang Ren
- College of Metallurgy and Energy, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China; (X.R.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yungang Li
- College of Metallurgy and Energy, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China; (X.R.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yanfei Qi
- College of Metallurgy and Energy, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China; (X.R.); (Y.L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Bo Wang
- Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China;
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23
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Abstract
High-entropy alloys (HEAs) prefer to form single-phase solid solutions (body-centered cubic (BCC), face-centered cubic (FCC), or hexagonal closed-packed (HCP)) due to their high mixing entropy. In this paper, we systematically review the mechanical behaviors and properties (such as oxidation and corrosion) of BCC-structured HEAs. The mechanical properties at room temperature and high temperatures of samples prepared by different processes (including vacuum arc-melting, powder sintering and additive manufacturing) are compared, and the effect of alloying on the mechanical properties is analyzed. In addition, the effects of HEA preparation and compositional regulation on corrosion resistance, and the application of high-throughput techniques in the field of HEAs, are discussed. To conclude, alloy development for BCC-structured HEAs is summarized.
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24
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Materials for Sustainable Nuclear Energy: A European Strategic Research and Innovation Agenda for All Reactor Generations. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15051845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear energy is presently the single major low-carbon electricity source in Europe and is overall expected to maintain (perhaps eventually even increase) its current installed power from now to 2045. Long-term operation (LTO) is a reality in essentially all nuclear European countries, even when planning to phase out. New builds are planned. Moreover, several European countries, including non-nuclear or phasing out ones, have interests in next generation nuclear systems. In this framework, materials and material science play a crucial role towards safer, more efficient, more economical and overall more sustainable nuclear energy. This paper proposes a research agenda that combines modern digital technologies with materials science practices to pursue a change of paradigm that promotes innovation, equally serving the different nuclear energy interests and positions throughout Europe. This paper chooses to overview structural and fuel materials used in current generation reactors, as well as their wider spectrum for next generation reactors, summarising the relevant issues. Next, it describes the materials science approaches that are common to any nuclear materials (including classes that are not addressed here, such as concrete, polymers and functional materials), identifying for each of them a research agenda goal. It is concluded that among these goals are the development of structured materials qualification test-beds and materials acceleration platforms (MAPs) for materials that operate under harsh conditions. Another goal is the development of multi-parameter-based approaches for materials health monitoring based on different non-destructive examination and testing (NDE&T) techniques. Hybrid models that suitably combine physics-based and data-driven approaches for materials behaviour prediction can valuably support these developments, together with the creation and population of a centralised, “smart” database for nuclear materials.
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25
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Zhang Y, Wang D, Wang S. High-Entropy Alloys for Electrocatalysis: Design, Characterization, and Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2104339. [PMID: 34741405 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202104339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
High-entropy alloys (HEAs) are expected to function well as electrocatalytic materials, owing to their widely adjustable composition and unique physical and chemical properties. Recently, HEA catalysts are extensively studied in the field of electrocatalysis; this motivated the authors to investigate the relationship between the structure and composition of HEAs and their electrocatalytic performance. In this review, the latest advances in HEA electrocatalysts are systematically summarized, with special focus on nitrogen fixation, the carbon cycle, water splitting, and fuel cells; in addition, by combining this with the characterization and analysis of HEA microstructures, rational design strategies for optimizing HEA electrocatalysts, including controllable preparation, component regulation, strain engineering, defect engineering, and theoretical prediction are proposed. Moreover, the existing issues and future trends of HEAs are predicted, which will help further develop these high-entropy materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqiong Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, 410114, P. R. China
| | - Dongdong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Shuangyin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
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26
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Microstructural Transitions during Powder Metallurgical Processing of Solute Stabilized Nanostructured Tungsten Alloys. METALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/met12010159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Exploiting grain boundary engineering in the design of alloys for extreme environments provides a promising pathway for enhancing performance relative to coarse-grained counterparts. Due to its attractive properties as a plasma facing material for fusion devices, tungsten presents an opportunity to exploit this approach in addressing the significant materials challenges imposed by the fusion environment. Here, we employ a ternary alloy design approach for stabilizing W against recrystallization and grain growth while simultaneously enhancing its manufacturability through powder metallurgical processing. Mechanical alloying and grain refinement in W-10 at.% Ti-(10,20) at.% Cr alloys are accomplished through high-energy ball milling with transitions in the microstructure mapped as a function of milling time. We demonstrate the multi-modal nature of the resulting nanocrystalline grain structure and its stability up to 1300 °C with the coarser grain size population correlated to transitions in crystallographic texture that result from the preferred slip systems in BCC W. Field-assisted sintering is employed to consolidate the alloy powders into bulk samples, which, due to the deliberately designed compositional features, are shown to retain ultrafine grain structures despite the presence of minor carbides formed during sintering due to carbon impurities in the ball-milled powders.
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27
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Tunes MA, Greaves G, Rack PD, Boldman WL, Schön CG, Pogatscher S, Maloy SA, Zhang Y, El-Atwani O. Irradiation stability and induced ferromagnetism in a nanocrystalline CoCrCuFeNi highly-concentrated alloy. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:20437-20450. [PMID: 34859248 PMCID: PMC8675024 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr04915a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In the field of radiation damage of crystalline solids, new highly-concentrated alloys (HCAs) are now considered to be suitable candidate materials for next generation fission/fusion reactors due to recently recorded outstanding radiation tolerance. Despite the preliminarily reported extraordinary properties, the mechanisms of degradation, phase instabilities and decomposition of HCAs are still largely unexplored fields of research. Herein, we investigate the response of a nanocrystalline CoCrCuFeNi HCA to thermal annealing and heavy ion irradiation in the temperature range from 293 to 773 K with the objective to analyze the stability of the nanocrystalline HCA in extreme conditions. The results led to the identification of two regimes of response to irradiation: (i) in which the alloy was observed to be tolerant under extreme irradiation conditions and (ii) in which the alloy is subject to matrix phase instabilities. The formation of FeCo monodomain nanoparticles under these conditions is also reported and a differential phase contrast study in the analytical electron-microscope is carried out to qualitatively probe its magnetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus A Tunes
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, USA.
| | - Graeme Greaves
- School of Computing and Engineering, University of Huddersfield, UK
| | - Philip D Rack
- Joint Staff Center of Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, University of Tennessee, USA.
| | - Walker L Boldman
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, University of Tennessee, USA.
| | - Cláudio G Schön
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Escola Politécnica, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Stuart A Maloy
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, USA.
| | - Yanwen Zhang
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, University of Tennessee, USA.
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, USA
| | - Osman El-Atwani
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, USA.
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28
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Recent Advances in Additive Manufacturing of High Entropy Alloys and Their Nuclear and Wear-Resistant Applications. METALS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/met11121980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Alloying has been very common practice in materials engineering to fabricate metals of desirable properties for specific applications. Traditionally, a small amount of the desired material is added to the principal metal. However, a new alloying technique emerged in 2004 with the concept of adding several principal elements in or near equi-atomic concentrations. These are popularly known as high entropy alloys (HEAs) which can have a wide composition range. A vast area of this composition range is still unexplored. The HEAs research community is still trying to identify and characterize the behaviors of these alloys under different scenarios to develop high-performance materials with desired properties and make the next class of advanced materials. Over the years, understanding of the thermodynamics theories, phase stability and manufacturing methods of HEAs has improved. Moreover, HEAs have also shown retention of strength and relevant properties under extreme tribological conditions and radiation. Recent progresses in these fields are surveyed and discussed in this review with a focus on HEAs for use under extreme environments (i.e., wear and irradiation) and their fabrication using additive manufacturing.
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Revealing nano-scale lattice distortions in implanted material with 3D Bragg ptychography. Nat Commun 2021; 12:7059. [PMID: 34862390 PMCID: PMC8642407 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27224-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Small ion-irradiation-induced defects can dramatically alter material properties and speed up degradation. Unfortunately, most of the defects irradiation creates are below the visibility limit of state-of-the-art microscopy. As such, our understanding of their impact is largely based on simulations with major unknowns. Here we present an x-ray crystalline microscopy approach, able to image with high sensitivity, nano-scale 3D resolution and extended field of view, the lattice strains and tilts in crystalline materials. Using this enhanced Bragg ptychography tool, we study the damage helium-ion-irradiation produces in tungsten, revealing a series of crystalline details in the 3D sample. Our results lead to the conclusions that few-atom-large 'invisible' defects are likely isotropic in orientation and homogeneously distributed. A partially defect-denuded region is observed close to a grain boundary. These findings open up exciting perspectives for the modelling of irradiation damage and the detailed analysis of crystalline properties in complex materials.
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30
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Liu L, Zhang Y, Han J, Wang X, Jiang W, Liu C, Zhang Z, Liaw PK. Nanoprecipitate-Strengthened High-Entropy Alloys. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2100870. [PMID: 34677914 PMCID: PMC8655203 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202100870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Multicomponent high-entropy alloys (HEAs) can be tuned to a simple phase with some unique alloy characteristics. HEAs with body-centered-cubic (BCC) or hexagonal-close-packed (HCP) structures are proven to possess high strength and hardness but low ductility. The faced-centered-cubic (FCC) HEAs present considerable ductility, excellent corrosion and radiation resistance. However, their strengths are relatively low. Therefore, the strategy of strengthening the ductile FCC matrix phase is usually adopted to design HEAs with excellent performance. Among various strengthening methods, precipitation strengthening plays a dazzling role since the characteristics of multiple principal elements and slow diffusion effect of elements in HEAs provide a chance to form fine and stable nanoscale precipitates, pushing the strengths of the alloys to new high levels. This paper summarizes and review the recent progress in nanoprecipitate-strengthened HEAs and their strengthening mechanisms. The alloy-design strategies and control of the nanoscale precipitates in HEAs are highlighted. The future works on the related aspects are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface TechnologyMinistry of EducationCollege of Materials Science and Chemical EngineeringHarbin Engineering UniversityHarbin150001China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface TechnologyMinistry of EducationCollege of Materials Science and Chemical EngineeringHarbin Engineering UniversityHarbin150001China
| | - Jihong Han
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface TechnologyMinistry of EducationCollege of Materials Science and Chemical EngineeringHarbin Engineering UniversityHarbin150001China
| | - Xiyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface TechnologyMinistry of EducationCollege of Materials Science and Chemical EngineeringHarbin Engineering UniversityHarbin150001China
| | - Wenqing Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface TechnologyMinistry of EducationCollege of Materials Science and Chemical EngineeringHarbin Engineering UniversityHarbin150001China
| | - Chain‐Tsuan Liu
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringCollege of EngineeringCity University of Hong KongHong Kong999077China
| | - Zhongwu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface TechnologyMinistry of EducationCollege of Materials Science and Chemical EngineeringHarbin Engineering UniversityHarbin150001China
| | - Peter K. Liaw
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringThe University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN37996‐2100USA
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31
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Pelaez-Fernandez M, Lin YC, Suenaga K, Arenal R. Optoelectronic Properties of Atomically Thin Mo xW (1-x)S 2 Nanoflakes Probed by Spatially-Resolved Monochromated EELS. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:3218. [PMID: 34947566 PMCID: PMC8708971 DOI: 10.3390/nano11123218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Band gap engineering of atomically thin two-dimensional (2D) materials has attracted a huge amount of interest as a key aspect to the application of these materials in nanooptoelectronics and nanophotonics. Low-loss electron energy loss spectroscopy has been employed to perform a direct measurement of the band gap in atomically thin MoxW(1-x)S2 nanoflakes. The results show a bowing effect with the alloying degree, which fits previous studies focused on excitonic transitions. Additional properties regarding the Van Hove singularities in the density of states of these materials, as well as high energy excitonic transition, have been analysed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Pelaez-Fernandez
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragon (INMA), CSIC-U. de Zaragoza, Calle Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;
- Laboratorio de Microscopias Avanzadas, Universidad de Zaragoza, Calle Mariano Esquillor, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Yung-Chang Lin
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan;
| | - Kazu Suenaga
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (ISIR-SANKEN), Osaka University, Osaka 567-0047, Japan;
| | - Raul Arenal
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragon (INMA), CSIC-U. de Zaragoza, Calle Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;
- Laboratorio de Microscopias Avanzadas, Universidad de Zaragoza, Calle Mariano Esquillor, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- ARAID Fundation, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
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32
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Corrosion Resistance of CoCrFeNiMn High Entropy Alloy Coating Prepared through Plasma Transfer Arc Claddings. METALS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/met11111876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
High entropy alloy attracts great attention for its high thermal stability and corrosion resistance. A CoCrFeNiMn high-entropy alloy coating was deposited on grey cast iron through plasma transfer arc cladding. It formed fine acicular martensite near the grey cast iron, with columnar grains perpendicular to the interface between the grey cast iron substrate and the cladding layer as well as dendrite in the middle part of the coatings. Simple FCC solid solutions present in the coatings which were similar to the powder’s structure. The coating had a microhardness of 300 ± 21.5 HV0.2 when the cladding current was 80 A for the solid solution strengthening. The HEA coating had the highest corrosion potential of −0.253 V when the plasma current was 60 A, which was much higher than the grey cast iron’s corrosion potential of −0.708 V. Meanwhile, the coating had a much lower corrosion current density of 9.075 × 10−7 mA/cm2 than the grey cast iron’s 2.4825 × 10−6 mA/cm2, which reflected that the CoCrFeNiMn HEA coating had much better corrosion resistance and lower corrosion rate than the grey cast iron for single FCC solid solution phase and a relatively higher concentration of Cr in the grain boundaries than in the grains and this could lead to corrosion protection effects.
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33
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Zhang Y, Osetsky YN, Weber WJ. Tunable Chemical Disorder in Concentrated Alloys: Defect Physics and Radiation Performance. Chem Rev 2021; 122:789-829. [PMID: 34694124 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The development of advanced structural alloys with performance meeting the requirements of extreme environments in nuclear reactors has been long pursued. In the long history of alloy development, the search for metallic alloys with improved radiation tolerance or increased structural strength has relied on either incorporating alloying elements at low concentrations to synthesize so-called dilute alloys or incorporating nanoscale features to mitigate defects. In contrast to traditional approaches, recent success in synthesizing multicomponent concentrated solid-solution alloys (CSAs), including medium-entropy and high-entropy alloys, has vastly expanded the compositional space for new alloy discovery. Their wide variety of elemental diversity enables tunable chemical disorder and sets CSAs apart from traditional dilute alloys. The tunable electronic structure critically lowers the effectiveness of energy dissipation via the electronic subsystem. The tunable chemical complexity also modifies the scattering mechanisms in the atomic subsystem that control energy transport through phonons. The level of chemical disorder depends substantively on the specific alloying elements, rather than the number of alloying elements, as the disorder does not monotonically increase with a higher number of alloying elements. To go beyond our knowledge based on conventional alloys and take advantage of property enhancement by tuning chemical disorder, this review highlights synergistic effects involving valence electrons and atomic-level and nanoscale inhomogeneity in CSAs composed of multiple transition metals. Understanding of the energy dissipation pathways, deformation tolerance, and structural stability of CSAs can proceed by exploiting the equilibrium and non-equilibrium defect processes at the electronic and atomic levels, with or without microstructural inhomogeneities at multiple length scales. Knowledge of tunable chemical disorder in CSAs may advance the understanding of the substantial modifications in element-specific alloy properties that effectively mitigate radiation damage and control a material's response in extreme environments, as well as overcome strength-ductility trade-offs and provide overarching design strategies for structural alloys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwen Zhang
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Yuri N Osetsky
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - William J Weber
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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34
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Hossain MD, Borman T, Oses C, Esters M, Toher C, Feng L, Kumar A, Fahrenholtz WG, Curtarolo S, Brenner D, LeBeau JM, Maria JP. Entropy Landscaping of High-Entropy Carbides. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2102904. [PMID: 34476849 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202102904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The entropy landscape of high-entropy carbides can be used to understand and predict their structure, properties, and stability. Using first principles calculations, the individual and temperature-dependent contributions of vibrational, electronic, and configurational entropies are analyzed, and compare them qualitatively to the enthalpies of mixing. As an experimental complement, high-entropy carbide thin films are synthesized with high power impulse magnetron sputtering to assess structure and properties. All compositions can be stabilized in the single-phase state despite finite positive, and in some cases substantial, enthalpies of mixing. Density functional theory calculations reveal that configurational entropy dominates the free energy landscape and compensates for the enthalpic penalty, whereas the vibrational and electronic entropies offer negligible contributions. The calculations predict that in many compositions, the single-phase state becomes stable at extremely high temperatures (>3000 K). Consequently, rapid quenching rates are needed to preserve solubility at room temperature and facilitate physical characterization. Physical vapor deposition provides this experimental validation opportunity. The computation/experimental data set generated in this work identifies "valence electron concentration" as an effective descriptor to predict structural and thermodynamic properties of multicomponent carbides and educate new formulation selections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Delower Hossain
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Trent Borman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Corey Oses
- Center for Autonomous Materials Design and Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Marco Esters
- Center for Autonomous Materials Design and Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Cormac Toher
- Center for Autonomous Materials Design and Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Lun Feng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, 65409, USA
| | - Abinash Kumar
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - William G Fahrenholtz
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, 65409, USA
| | - Stefano Curtarolo
- Center for Autonomous Materials Design and Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Donald Brenner
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - James M LeBeau
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Jon-Paul Maria
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
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35
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El-Atwani O, Kim H, Harvey C, Efe M, Maloy SA. Limitations of Thermal Stability Analysis via In-Situ TEM/Heating Experiments. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11102541. [PMID: 34684981 PMCID: PMC8538469 DOI: 10.3390/nano11102541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This work highlights some limitations of thermal stability analysis via in-situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM)-annealing experiments on ultrafine and nanocrystalline materials. We provide two examples, one on nanocrystalline pure copper and one on nanocrystalline HT-9 steel, where in-situ TEM-annealing experiments are compared to bulk material annealing experiments. The in-situ TEM and bulk annealing experiments demonstrated different results on pure copper but similar output in the HT-9 steel. The work entails discussion of the results based on literature theoretical concepts, and expound on the inevitability of comparing in-situ TEM annealing experimental results to bulk annealing when used for material thermal stability assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osman El-Atwani
- Materials Science and Technology, Los Alamos National Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA; (H.K.); (C.H.); (S.A.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Hyosim Kim
- Materials Science and Technology, Los Alamos National Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA; (H.K.); (C.H.); (S.A.M.)
| | - Cayla Harvey
- Materials Science and Technology, Los Alamos National Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA; (H.K.); (C.H.); (S.A.M.)
- Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Mert Efe
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA;
| | - Stuart A. Maloy
- Materials Science and Technology, Los Alamos National Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA; (H.K.); (C.H.); (S.A.M.)
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36
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El-Atwani O, Kim H, Gigax JG, Harvey C, Aytuna B, Efe M, Maloy SA. Stable, Ductile and Strong Ultrafine HT-9 Steels via Large Strain Machining. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11102538. [PMID: 34684979 PMCID: PMC8541452 DOI: 10.3390/nano11102538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Beyond the current commercial materials, refining the grain size is among the proposed strategies to manufacture resilient materials for industrial applications demanding high resistance to severe environments. Here, large strain machining (LSM) was used to manufacture nanostructured HT-9 steel with enhanced thermal stability, mechanical properties, and ductility. Nanocrystalline HT-9 steels with different aspect rations are achieved. In-situ transmission electron microscopy annealing experiments demonstrated that the nanocrystalline grains have excellent thermal stability up to 700 °C with no additional elemental segregation on the grain boundaries other than the initial carbides, attributing the thermal stability of the LSM materials to the low dislocation densities and strains in the final microstructure. Nano-indentation and micro-tensile testing performed on the LSM material pre- and post-annealing demonstrated the possibility of tuning the material’s strength and ductility. The results expound on the possibility of manufacturing controlled nanocrystalline materials via a scalable and cost-effective method, albeit with additional fundamental understanding of the resultant morphology dependence on the LSM conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osman El-Atwani
- Materials Science and Technology, Los Alamos National Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA; (H.K.); (C.H.); (S.A.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Hyosim Kim
- Materials Science and Technology, Los Alamos National Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA; (H.K.); (C.H.); (S.A.M.)
| | | | - Cayla Harvey
- Materials Science and Technology, Los Alamos National Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA; (H.K.); (C.H.); (S.A.M.)
- Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Berk Aytuna
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey; (B.A.); (M.E.)
| | - Mert Efe
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey; (B.A.); (M.E.)
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Stuart A. Maloy
- Materials Science and Technology, Los Alamos National Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA; (H.K.); (C.H.); (S.A.M.)
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37
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Qian Y, Gilbert MR, Dezerald L, Cereceda D. Using first-principles calculations to predict the mechanical properties of transmuting tungsten under first wall fusion power-plant conditions. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 33:345901. [PMID: 34098547 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac08b8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Tungsten and tungsten alloys are being considered as leading candidates for structural and functional materials in future fusion energy devices. The most attractive properties of tungsten for the design of magnetic and inertial fusion energy reactors are its high melting point, high thermal conductivity, low sputtering yield and low long-term disposal radioactive footprint. Yet, despite these relevant features, tungsten also presents a very low fracture toughness, mostly associated with inter-granular failure and bulk plasticity, that limits its applications. Significant neutron-induced transmutation happens in these tungsten components during nuclear fusion reactions, creating transmutant elements including Re, Os and Ta. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations that allow the calculation of defect and solute energetics are critical to better understand the behavior and evolution of tungsten-based materials in a fusion energy environment. In this study, we present a novel computational approach to perform DFT calculations on transmuting materials. In particular, we predict elastic and plastic mechanical properties (such as bulk modulus, shear modulus, ductility parameter, etc) on a variety of W-X compositions that result when pure tungsten is exposed to the EU-DEMO fusion first wall conditions for ten years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Qian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19085, United States of America
| | - Mark R Gilbert
- United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority, Culham Centre For Fusion Energy, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 3DB, United Kingdom
| | - Lucile Dezerald
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19085, United States of America
- Institut Jean Lamour, CNRS UMR 7198, Université de Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - David Cereceda
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19085, United States of America
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38
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Understanding the Links between the Composition-Processing-Properties in New Formulations of HEAs Sintered by SPS. METALS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/met11060888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This work presents two new compositions of high entropy alloys (HEAs) that were designed with the aim of obtaining a body-centered cubic (BCC) phase with high hardness values and a moderate density. Sintering was performed using Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) with different heating rates to determine the influence of the processing parameters on the phase formation. The microstructural study revealed that the presence of Ni in the composition promoted phase separation, and the mechanical study confirmed a clear influence on the mechanical properties of both the composition and heating rate. The combination of microscopy with compression and nanoindentation tests at room and high temperature made it possible to advance our understanding of the relationships between the composition, processing, and properties of this emerging group of alloys.
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39
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Irradiation Behaviors in BCC Multi-Component Alloys with Different Lattice Distortions. METALS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/met11050706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recently, the irradiation behaviors of multi-component alloys have stimulated an increasing interest due to their ability to suppress the growth of irradiation defects, though the mostly studied alloys are limited to face centered cubic (fcc) structured multi-component alloys. In this work, two single-phase body centered cubic (bcc) structured multi-component alloys (CrFeV, AlCrFeV) with different lattice distortions were prepared by vacuum arc melting, and the reference of α-Fe was also prepared. After 6 MeV Au ions irradiation to over 100 dpa (displacement per atom) at 500 °C, the bcc structured CrFeV and AlCrFeV exhibited significantly improved irradiation swelling resistance compared to α-Fe, especially AlCrFeV. The AlCrFeV alloy possesses superior swelling resistance, showing no voids compared to α-Fe and CrFeV alloy, and scarce irradiation softening appears in AlCrFeV. Owing to their chemical complexity, it is believed that the multi-component alloys under irradiation have more defect recombination and less damage accumulation. Accordingly, we discuss the origin of irradiation resistance and the Al effect in the studied bcc structured multi-component alloys.
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40
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Radiation Resistance of a Structural Material Based on Modified Titanium Hydride. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF NUCLEAR INSTALLATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/6658431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This work investigates the radiation resistance of a structural material based on modified titanium hydride and a Portland cement in a flux of neutron and γ-radiation. An assessment of the geometric and physicomechanical properties is given, along with the surface structure of irradiated cement composites, and the phase composition of the main hydrosilicates of the hydrated cement matrix during its γ-irradiation. It is shown that the use of a shot of titanium hydride increases the radiation resistance of radiation shielding based on a cement matrix, in comparison with the unmodified shot. A composite based on a modified shot of titanium hydride retains its basic properties after γ-irradiation, at an absorbed dose of up to 10 MGy. At an absorbed dose of 2 MGy in the Portland cement matrix of a composite based on a modified shot of titanium hydride, the formation of suolunite hydrosilicates occurs. It was established using X-ray fluorescence that, in the titanium hydride, a redistribution of the electron density occurs at an absorbed dose of γ radiation of 5 MGy, caused by structural phase changes due to the ongoing dehydrogenation processes.
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41
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Mishra S, Maiti S, Rai B. Computational property predictions of Ta-Nb-Hf-Zr high-entropy alloys. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4815. [PMID: 33649425 PMCID: PMC7921137 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84260-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Refractory high entropy alloys (R-HEAs) are becoming prominent in recent years because of their properties and uses as high strength and high hardness materials for ambient and high temperature, aerospace and nuclear radiation tolerance applications, orthopedic applications etc. The mechanical properties like yield strength and ductility of TaNbHfZr R-HEA depend on the local nanostructure and chemical ordering, which in term depend on the annealing treatment. In this study we have computationally obtained various properties of the equimolar TaNbHfZr alloy like the role of configurational entropy in the thermodynamic property, rate of evolution of nanostructure morphology in thermally annealed systems, dislocation simulation based quantitative prediction of yield strength, nature of dislocation movement through short range clustering (SRC) and qualitative prediction of ductile to brittle transition behavior. The simulation starts with hybrid Monte Carlo/Molecular Dynamics (MC/MD) based nanostructure evolution of an initial random solid solution alloy structure with BCC lattice structure created with principal axes along [1 1 1], [− 1 1 0] and [− 1 − 1 2] directions suitable for simulation of ½[1 1 1] edge dislocations. Thermodynamic properties are calculated from the change in enthalpy and configurational entropy, which in term is calculated by next-neighbor bond counting statistics. The MC/MD evolved structures mimic the annealing treatment at 1800 °C and the output structures are replicated in periodic directions to make larger 384,000 atom structures used for dislocation simulations. Edge dislocations were utilized to obtain and explain for the critically resolved shear stress (CRSS) for the structures with various degrees of nanostructure evolution by annealing, where extra strengthening was observed because of the formations of SRCs. Lastly the MC/MD evolved structures containing dislocations are subjected to a high shear stress beyond CRSS to investigate the stability of the dislocations and the lattice structures to explain the experimentally observed transition from ductile to brittle behavior for the TaNbHfZr R-HEA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashank Mishra
- TCS Research, Tata Research Development and Design Center, 54-B Hadapsar Industrial Estate, Hadapsar, Pune, Maharashtra, 411013, India
| | - Soumyadipta Maiti
- TCS Research, Tata Research Development and Design Center, 54-B Hadapsar Industrial Estate, Hadapsar, Pune, Maharashtra, 411013, India.
| | - Beena Rai
- TCS Research, Tata Research Development and Design Center, 54-B Hadapsar Industrial Estate, Hadapsar, Pune, Maharashtra, 411013, India
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Tunes MA, Imtyazuddin M, Kainz C, Pogatscher S, Vishnyakov VM. Deviating from the pure MAX phase concept: Radiation-tolerant nanostructured dual-phase Cr 2AlC. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/13/eabf6771. [PMID: 33762345 PMCID: PMC7990341 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abf6771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
A dual-phase Cr2AlC material was synthesized using magnetron sputtering at a temperature of 648 K. A stoichiometric and nanocrystalline MAX phase matrix was observed along with the presence of spherical-shaped amorphous nano-zones as a secondary phase. The irradiation resistance of the material was assessed using a 300-keV Xe ion beam in situ within a transmission electron microscope up to 40 displacements per atom at 623 K: a condition that extrapolates the harmful environments of future fusion and fission nuclear reactors. At the maximum dose investigated, complete amorphization was not observed. Scanning transmission electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive x-ray revealed an association between swelling due to inert gas bubble nucleation and growth and radiation-induced segregation and clustering. Counterintuitively, the findings suggest that preexisting amorphous nano-zones can be beneficial to Cr2AlC MAX phase under extreme environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Tunes
- Chair of Nonferrous Metallurgy, Montanuniversitaet Leoben, Leoben, Austria.
| | - M Imtyazuddin
- Institute for Materials Research, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK.
| | - C Kainz
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Advanced Coated Cutting Tools, Department of Materials Science, Montanuniversitaet Leoben, Leoben, Austria
| | - S Pogatscher
- Chair of Nonferrous Metallurgy, Montanuniversitaet Leoben, Leoben, Austria
| | - V M Vishnyakov
- Institute for Materials Research, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK
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Samolyuk GD, Osetsky YN, Stocks GM, Morris JR. Role of Static Displacements in Stabilizing Body Centered Cubic High Entropy Alloys. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:025501. [PMID: 33512181 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.025501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The configurational entropy of high entropy alloys (HEAs) plays little role in the stabilization of one particular crystal structure over another. We show that disorder-induced atomic displacements help stabilize body centered cubic (bcc) structure HEAs with average valences <4.7. These disorder-induced atomic displacements mimic the temperature-induced vibrations that stabilize the bcc structure of group IV elemental metals at high temperatures. The static displacements are significantly larger than for face centered cubic HEAs, approaching values associated with the Lindemann criterion for melting. Chemical disorder in high entropy alloys have a previously unidentified, nonentropic energy contribution that stabilizes a particular crystalline ground state.
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Affiliation(s)
- G D Samolyuk
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Y N Osetsky
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - G M Stocks
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - J R Morris
- Ames Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
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High-Entropy Alloys for Advanced Nuclear Applications. ENTROPY 2021; 23:e23010098. [PMID: 33440904 PMCID: PMC7827623 DOI: 10.3390/e23010098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The expanded compositional freedom afforded by high-entropy alloys (HEAs) represents a unique opportunity for the design of alloys for advanced nuclear applications, in particular for applications where current engineering alloys fall short. This review assesses the work done to date in the field of HEAs for nuclear applications, provides critical insight into the conclusions drawn, and highlights possibilities and challenges for future study. It is found that our understanding of the irradiation responses of HEAs remains in its infancy, and much work is needed in order for our knowledge of any single HEA system to match our understanding of conventional alloys such as austenitic steels. A number of studies have suggested that HEAs possess ‘special’ irradiation damage resistance, although some of the proposed mechanisms, such as those based on sluggish diffusion and lattice distortion, remain somewhat unconvincing (certainly in terms of being universally applicable to all HEAs). Nevertheless, there may be some mechanisms and effects that are uniquely different in HEAs when compared to more conventional alloys, such as the effect that their poor thermal conductivities have on the displacement cascade. Furthermore, the opportunity to tune the compositions of HEAs over a large range to optimise particular irradiation responses could be very powerful, even if the design process remains challenging.
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High Entropy Alloys as Filler Metals for Joining. ENTROPY 2021; 23:e23010078. [PMID: 33430183 PMCID: PMC7825615 DOI: 10.3390/e23010078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the search for applications for alloys developed under the philosophy of the High Entropy Alloy (HEA)-type materials, the focus may be placed on applications where current alloys also use multiple components, albeit at lower levels than those found in HEAs. One such area, where alloys with complex compositions are already found, is in filler metals used for joining. In soldering (<450 °C) and brazing (>450 °C), filler metal alloys are taken above their liquidus temperature and used to form a metallic bond between two components, which remain both unmelted and largely unchanged throughout the process. These joining methods are widely used in applications from electronics to aerospace and energy, and filler metals are highly diverse, to allow compatibility with a broad range of base materials (including the capability to join ceramics to metals) and a large range of processing temperatures. Here, we review recent developments in filler metals relevant to High Entropy materials, and argue that such alloys merit further exploration to help overcome a number of current challenges that need to be solved for filler metal-based joining methods.
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Sobieraj D, Wróbel JS, Rygier T, Kurzydłowski KJ, El Atwani O, Devaraj A, Martinez Saez E, Nguyen-Manh D. Chemical short-range order in derivative Cr-Ta-Ti-V-W high entropy alloys from the first-principles thermodynamic study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:23929-23951. [PMID: 33073813 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp03764h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The development of high-entropy alloys (HEAs) focuses on exploring compositional regions in multi-component systems with all alloy elements in equal or near-equal atomic concentrations. Initially it was based on the main idea that high mixing configurational entropy contributions to the alloy free energy could promote the formation of a single solid solution phase. By using the ab-initio based Cluster Expansion (CE) Hamiltonian model constructed for the quinary bcc Cr-Ta-Ti-V-W system in combination with Monte Carlo (MC) simulations, we show that the phase stability and chemical short-range order (SRO) of the equiatomic quinary and five sub-quaternary systems, as well as their derivative alloys, can dramatically change the order-disorder transition temperatures (ODTT) as a function of alloy compositions. In particular, it has been found, that the equiatomic quaternary Ta-Ti-V-W and Cr-Ta-Ti-W alloys had the lowest order-disorder transition temperature (500 K) among all the analysed equiatomic compositions. In all investigated alloy systems, the strongest chemical ordering has been observed between Cr and V, which led to the conclusion that decreasing the concentration of either Cr or V might be beneficial in terms of decreasing the ODTT. It also predicts that increasing concentration of Ti significantly decreases the ODTT. Our analysis of chemical SRO as a function of alloy composition allows to understand the microstructure evolution of HEAs as a function of temperature in excellent agreement with available experimental observations. Importantly, our free energy of mixing and SRO calculations predict that the origin of precipitates formed by Cr- and V-rich in the sub-quaternary Cr-Ta-V-W system is driven by the thermodynamics. The modelling results are in an excellent agreement with experimental observation of Cr and V segregation in the W0.38Ta0.36Cr0.15V0.11 alloy which in turns shows an exceptional radiation resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Sobieraj
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, ul. Wołoska 141, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland. and CCFE, United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority, Abingdon OX14 3DB, UK.
| | - Jan S Wróbel
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, ul. Wołoska 141, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Rygier
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, ul. Wołoska 141, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof J Kurzydłowski
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Białystok University of Technology, ul. Wiejska 45C, 15-351 Białystok, Poland
| | | | - Arun Devaraj
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | | | - Duc Nguyen-Manh
- CCFE, United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority, Abingdon OX14 3DB, UK. and Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PH, UK
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Jiang L, Hu YJ, Sun K, Xiu P, Song M, Zhang Y, Boldman WL, Crespillo ML, Rack PD, Qi L, Weber WJ, Wang L. Irradiation-Induced Extremes Create Hierarchical Face-/Body-Centered-Cubic Phases in Nanostructured High Entropy Alloys. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2002652. [PMID: 32820560 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202002652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
A nanoscale hierarchical dual-phase structure is reported to form in a nanocrystalline NiFeCoCrCu high-entropy-alloy (HEA) film via ion irradiation. Under the extreme energy deposition and consequent thermal energy dissipation induced by energetic particles, a fundamentally new phenomenon is revealed, in which the original single-phase face-centered-cubic (FCC) structure partially transforms into alternating nanometer layers of a body-centered-cubic (BCC) structure. The orientation relationship follows the Nishiyama-Wasser-man relationship, that is, (011)BCC || ( 1¯1¯1)FCC and [100]BCC || [ 11¯0]FCC . Simulation results indicate that Cr, as a BCC stabilizing element, exhibits a tendency to segregate to the stacking faults (SFs). Furthermore, the high densities of SFs and twin boundaries in each nanocrystalline grain serve to accelerate the nucleation and growth of the BCC phase during irradiation. By adjusting the irradiation parameters, desired thicknesses of the FCC and BCC phases in the laminates can be achieved. This work demonstrates the controlled formation of an attractive dual-phase nanolaminate structure under ion irradiation and provides a strategy for designing new derivate structures of HEAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Jiang
- Department of Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Yong-Jie Hu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Kai Sun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Pengyuan Xiu
- Department of Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Miao Song
- Department of Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Yanwen Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Walker L Boldman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Miguel L Crespillo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Philip D Rack
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Liang Qi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - William J Weber
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Lumin Wang
- Department of Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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Han C, Fang Q, Shi Y, Tor SB, Chua CK, Zhou K. Recent Advances on High-Entropy Alloys for 3D Printing. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1903855. [PMID: 32431005 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201903855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Boosted by the success of high-entropy alloys (HEAs) manufactured by conventional processes in various applications, the development of HEAs for 3D printing has been advancing rapidly in recent years. 3D printing of HEAs gives rise to a great potential for manufacturing geometrically complex HEA products with desirable performances, thereby inspiring their increased appearance in industrial applications. Herein, a comprehensive review of the recent achievements of 3D printing of HEAs is provided, in the aspects of their powder development, printing processes, microstructures, properties, and potential applications. It begins with the introduction of the fundamentals of 3D printing and HEAs, as well as the unique properties of 3D-printed HEA products. The processes for the development of HEA powders, including atomization and mechanical alloying, and the powder properties, are then presented. Thereafter, typical processes for printing HEA products from powders, namely, directed energy deposition, selective laser melting, and electron beam melting, are discussed with regard to the phases, crystal features, mechanical properties, functionalities, and potential applications of these products (particularly in the aerospace, energy, molding, and tooling industries). Finally, perspectives are outlined to provide guidance for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjun Han
- Singapore Centre for 3D Printing, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Qihong Fang
- College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Yusheng Shi
- State Key Lab of Materials Processing and Die and Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Shu Beng Tor
- Singapore Centre for 3D Printing, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Chee Kai Chua
- Engineering Product Development Pillar, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore, 487372, Singapore
| | - Kun Zhou
- Singapore Centre for 3D Printing, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
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Hemmat Z, Cavin J, Ahmadiparidari A, Ruckel A, Rastegar S, Misal SN, Majidi L, Kumar K, Wang S, Guo J, Dawood R, Lagunas F, Parajuli P, Ngo AT, Curtiss LA, Cho SB, Cabana J, Klie RF, Mishra R, Salehi-Khojin A. Quasi-Binary Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Alloys: Thermodynamic Stability Prediction, Scalable Synthesis, and Application. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1907041. [PMID: 32449197 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201907041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDCs) alloys could have a wide range of physical and chemical properties, ranging from charge density waves to superconductivity and electrochemical activities. While many exciting behaviors of unary TMDCs have been demonstrated, the vast compositional space of TMDC alloys has remained largely unexplored due to the lack of understanding regarding their stability when accommodating different cations or chalcogens in a single-phase. Here, a theory-guided synthesis approach is reported to achieve unexplored quasi-binary TMDC alloys through computationally predicted stability maps. Equilibrium temperature-composition phase diagrams using first-principles calculations are generated to identify the stability of 25 quasi-binary TMDC alloys, including some involving non-isovalent cations and are verified experimentally through the synthesis of a subset of 12 predicted alloys using a scalable chemical vapor transport method. It is demonstrated that the synthesized alloys can be exfoliated into 2D structures, and some of them exhibit: i) outstanding thermal stability tested up to 1230 K, ii) exceptionally high electrochemical activity for the CO2 reduction reaction in a kinetically limited regime with near zero overpotential for CO formation, iii) excellent energy efficiency in a high rate Li-air battery, and iv) high break-down current density for interconnect applications. This framework can be extended to accelerate the discovery of other TMDC alloys for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Hemmat
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - John Cavin
- Department of Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Alireza Ahmadiparidari
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Alexander Ruckel
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Sina Rastegar
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Saurabh N Misal
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Leily Majidi
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Khagesh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Shuxi Wang
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Jinglong Guo
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Radwa Dawood
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Francisco Lagunas
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Prakash Parajuli
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Anh Tuan Ngo
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Larry A Curtiss
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Sung Beom Cho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Jordi Cabana
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Robert F Klie
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Rohan Mishra
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Amin Salehi-Khojin
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
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Chang X, Zeng M, Liu K, Fu L. Phase Engineering of High-Entropy Alloys. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1907226. [PMID: 32100909 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201907226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
High-entropy alloys (HEAs) are based on five or more principal elements with equal or nearly equal molar fractions and possess many significant advantages over traditional alloys, including high strength and hardness, excellent corrosion resistance, outstanding thermal stability, and irradiation resistance. Phase structure plays a vital role in determining the property of HEAs. For further enhancing the performance of HEAs in various application fields, a controllable synthesis with desired phases is required. In this review, the diverse phase structures of HEAs and the related properties are first introduced. Then, alternative tuning strategies to promote the desired phase structure of HEAs are focused upon. Property adjusting of phase-engineered HEAs is also discussed in depth. Lastly, some insights into the challenges and future prospects in this rapidly emerging research field are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Chang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Mengqi Zeng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Keli Liu
- Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Lei Fu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
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