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Quan Q, He N, Zhang R, Wang J, Luo Y, Ma F, Pan J, Wang R, Liu C, Zhang J, Wang Y, Song B, Li Z, Zhou Q, Yu G, Niu S. Plant height as an indicator for alpine carbon sequestration and ecosystem response to warming. NATURE PLANTS 2024:10.1038/s41477-024-01705-z. [PMID: 38755277 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-024-01705-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Growing evidence indicates that plant community structure and traits have changed under climate warming, especially in cold or high-elevation regions. However, the impact of these warming-induced changes on ecosystem carbon sequestration remains unclear. Using a warming experiment on the high-elevation Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, we found that warming not only increased plant species height but also altered species composition, collectively resulting in a taller plant community associated with increased net ecosystem productivity (NEP). Along a 1,500 km transect on the Plateau, taller plant community promoted NEP and soil carbon through associated chlorophyll content and other photosynthetic traits at the community level. Overall, plant community height as a dominant trait is associated with species composition and regulates ecosystem C sequestration in the high-elevation biome. This trait-based association provides new insights into predicting the direction, magnitude and sensitivity of ecosystem C fluxes in response to climate warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Quan
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modelling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
- Department of Environment and Resources, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Nianpeng He
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Ruiyang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modelling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jinsong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modelling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yiqi Luo
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Fangfang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modelling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
- Department of Environment and Resources, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Junxiao Pan
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modelling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Ruomeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modelling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
- Department of Environment and Resources, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Congcong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modelling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
- Department of Environment and Resources, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jiahui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modelling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
- Department of Environment and Resources, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yiheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modelling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
- Department of Environment and Resources, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Bing Song
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, PR China
| | - Zhaolei Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Qingping Zhou
- Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Guirui Yu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modelling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
- Department of Environment and Resources, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Shuli Niu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modelling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China.
- Department of Environment and Resources, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China.
- Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China.
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Yan H, Schmid B, Xu W, Bongers FJ, Chen G, Tang T, Wang Z, Svenning J, Ma K, Liu X. The functional diversity-productivity relationship of woody plants is climatically sensitive. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11364. [PMID: 38698929 PMCID: PMC11063782 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Plot-scale experiments indicate that functional diversity (FD) plays a pivotal role in sustaining ecosystem functions such as net primary productivity (NPP). However, the relationships between functional diversity and NPP across larger scale under varying climatic conditions are sparsely studied, despite its significance for understanding forest-atmosphere interactions and informing policy development. Hence, we examine the relationships of community-weighted mean (CWM) and functional dispersion (FDis) of woody plant traits on NPP across China and if such relationships are modulated by climatic conditions at the national scale. Using comprehensive datasets of distribution, functional traits, and productivity for 9120 Chinese woody plant species, we evaluated the distribution pattern of community-weighted mean and functional dispersion (including three orthogonal trait indicators: plant size, leaf morphology, and flower duration) and its relationships with NPP. Finally, we tested the effects of climatic conditions on community-weighted mean/functional dispersion-NPP relationships. We first found overall functional diversity-NPP relationships, but also that the magnitude of these relationships was sensitive to climate, with plant size community-weighted mean promoting NPP in warm regions and plant size functional dispersion promoting NPP in wet regions. Second, warm and wet conditions indirectly increased NPP by its positive effects on community-weighted mean or functional dispersion, particularly through mean plant size and leaf morphology. Our study provides comprehensive evidence for the relationships between functional diversity and NPP under varying climates at a large scale. Importantly, our results indicate a broadening significance of multidimensional plant functional traits for woody vegetation NPP in response to rising temperatures and wetter climates. Restoration, reforestation actions and natural capital accounting need to carefully consider not only community-weighted mean and functional dispersion but also their interactions with climate, to predict how functional diversity may promote ecosystem functioning under future climatic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoru Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental ChangeInstitute of BotanyBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Bernhard Schmid
- Department of Geography, Remote Sensing LaboratoriesUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Wubing Xu
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
| | - Franca J. Bongers
- Centre for Crop Systems AnalysisWageningen UniversityWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Guoke Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental ChangeInstitute of BotanyBeijingChina
| | - Ting Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental ChangeInstitute of BotanyBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Zhiheng Wang
- Institute of Ecology and key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of EducationCollege of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jens‐Christian Svenning
- Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of BiologyAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
- Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Department of BiologyAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
| | - Keping Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental ChangeInstitute of BotanyBeijingChina
| | - Xiaojuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental ChangeInstitute of BotanyBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Zhejiang Qianjiangyuan Forest Biodiversity National Observation and Research StationInstitute of BotanyBeijingChina
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3
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Dent A, Faust K, Lam K, Alhangari N, Leon AJ, Tsang Q, Kamil ZS, Gao A, Pal P, Lheureux S, Oza A, Diamandis P. HAVOC: Small-scale histomic mapping of cancer biodiversity across large tissue distances using deep neural networks. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg1894. [PMID: 37774029 PMCID: PMC10541015 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg1894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Intratumoral heterogeneity can wreak havoc on current precision medicine strategies because of challenges in sufficient sampling of geographically separated areas of biodiversity distributed across centimeter-scale tumor distances. To address this gap, we developed a deep learning pipeline that leverages histomorphologic fingerprints of tissue to create "Histomic Atlases of Variation Of Cancers" (HAVOC). Using a number of objective molecular readouts, we demonstrate that HAVOC can define regional cancer boundaries with distinct biology. Using larger tumor specimens, we show that HAVOC can map biodiversity even across multiple tissue sections. By guiding profiling of 19 partitions across six high-grade gliomas, HAVOC revealed that distinct differentiation states can often coexist and be regionally distributed within these tumors. Last, to highlight generalizability, we benchmark HAVOC on additional tumor types. Together, we establish HAVOC as a versatile tool to generate small-scale maps of tissue heterogeneity and guide regional deployment of molecular resources to relevant biodiverse niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anglin Dent
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Kevin Faust
- Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, 40 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 2E4, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - K. H. Brian Lam
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Narges Alhangari
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Alberto J. Leon
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Queenie Tsang
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Zaid Saeed Kamil
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Laboratory Medicine Program, Department of Pathology, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Andrew Gao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Laboratory Medicine Program, Department of Pathology, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Prodipto Pal
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Laboratory Medicine Program, Department of Pathology, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Stephanie Lheureux
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Amit Oza
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Phedias Diamandis
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
- Laboratory Medicine Program, Department of Pathology, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, 101 College St, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
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4
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Chen Y, Wang J, Jiang L, Li H, Wang H, Lv G, Li X. Prediction of spatial distribution characteristics of ecosystem functions based on a minimum data set of functional traits of desert plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1131778. [PMID: 37332722 PMCID: PMC10272538 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1131778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between plant functional traits and ecosystem function is a hot topic in current ecological research, and community-level traits based on individual plant functional traits play important roles in ecosystem function. In temperate desert ecosystems, which functional trait to use to predict ecosystem function is an important scientific question. In this study, the minimum data sets of functional traits of woody (wMDS) and herbaceous (hMDS) plants were constructed and used to predict the spatial distribution of C, N, and P cycling in ecosystems. The results showed that the wMDS included plant height, specific leaf area, leaf dry weight, leaf water content, diameter at breast height (DBH), leaf width, and leaf thickness, and the hMDS included plant height, specific leaf area, leaf fresh weight, leaf length, and leaf width. The linear regression results based on the cross-validations (FTEIW - L, FTEIA - L, FTEIW - NL, and FTEIA - NL) for the MDS and TDS (total data set) showed that the R2 (coefficients of determination) for wMDS were 0.29, 0.34, 0.75, and 0.57, respectively, and those for hMDS were 0.82, 0.75, 0.76, and 0.68, respectively, proving that the MDSs can replace the TDS in predicting ecosystem function. Then, the MDSs were used to predict the C, N, and P cycling in the ecosystem. The results showed that non-linear models RF and BPNN were able to predict the spatial distributions of C, N and P cycling, and the distributions showed inconsistent patterns between different life forms under moisture restrictions. The C, N, and P cycling showed strong spatial autocorrelation and were mainly influenced by structural factors. Based on the non-linear models, the MDSs can be used to accurately predict the C, N, and P cycling, and the predicted values of woody plant functional traits visualized by regression kriging were closer to the kriging results based on raw values. This study provides a new perspective for exploring the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudong Chen
- College of Ecology and Environment, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology of Education Ministry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Jinghe Observation and Research Station of Temperate Desert Ecosystem, Ministry of Education, Jinghe, China
| | - Jinlong Wang
- College of Ecology and Environment, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology of Education Ministry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Jinghe Observation and Research Station of Temperate Desert Ecosystem, Ministry of Education, Jinghe, China
| | - Lamei Jiang
- College of Ecology and Environment, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology of Education Ministry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Jinghe Observation and Research Station of Temperate Desert Ecosystem, Ministry of Education, Jinghe, China
| | - Hanpeng Li
- College of Ecology and Environment, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology of Education Ministry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Jinghe Observation and Research Station of Temperate Desert Ecosystem, Ministry of Education, Jinghe, China
| | - Hengfang Wang
- College of Ecology and Environment, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology of Education Ministry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Jinghe Observation and Research Station of Temperate Desert Ecosystem, Ministry of Education, Jinghe, China
| | - Guanghui Lv
- College of Ecology and Environment, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology of Education Ministry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Jinghe Observation and Research Station of Temperate Desert Ecosystem, Ministry of Education, Jinghe, China
| | - Xiaotong Li
- College of Ecology and Environment, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology of Education Ministry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Jinghe Observation and Research Station of Temperate Desert Ecosystem, Ministry of Education, Jinghe, China
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5
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Kothari S, Beauchamp-Rioux R, Blanchard F, Crofts AL, Girard A, Guilbeault-Mayers X, Hacker PW, Pardo J, Schweiger AK, Demers-Thibeault S, Bruneau A, Coops NC, Kalacska M, Vellend M, Laliberté E. Predicting leaf traits across functional groups using reflectance spectroscopy. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 238:549-566. [PMID: 36746189 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant ecologists use functional traits to describe how plants respond to and influence their environment. Reflectance spectroscopy can provide rapid, non-destructive estimates of leaf traits, but it remains unclear whether general trait-spectra models can yield accurate estimates across functional groups and ecosystems. We measured leaf spectra and 22 structural and chemical traits for nearly 2000 samples from 103 species. These samples span a large share of known trait variation and represent several functional groups and ecosystems, mainly in eastern Canada. We used partial least-squares regression (PLSR) to build empirical models for estimating traits from spectra. Within the dataset, our PLSR models predicted traits such as leaf mass per area (LMA) and leaf dry matter content (LDMC) with high accuracy (R2 > 0.85; %RMSE < 10). Models for most chemical traits, including pigments, carbon fractions, and major nutrients, showed intermediate accuracy (R2 = 0.55-0.85; %RMSE = 12.7-19.1). Micronutrients such as Cu and Fe showed the poorest accuracy. In validation on external datasets, models for traits such as LMA and LDMC performed relatively well, while carbon fractions showed steep declines in accuracy. We provide models that produce fast, reliable estimates of several functional traits from leaf spectra. Our results reinforce the potential uses of spectroscopy in monitoring plant function around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Kothari
- Département de Sciences Biologiques, Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, QC, H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - Rosalie Beauchamp-Rioux
- Département de Sciences Biologiques, Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, QC, H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - Florence Blanchard
- Département de Sciences Biologiques, Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, QC, H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - Anna L Crofts
- Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K 2X9, Canada
| | - Alizée Girard
- Département de Sciences Biologiques, Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, QC, H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - Xavier Guilbeault-Mayers
- Département de Sciences Biologiques, Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, QC, H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - Paul W Hacker
- Department of Forest Resources Management, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Juliana Pardo
- Département de Sciences Biologiques, Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, QC, H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - Anna K Schweiger
- Département de Sciences Biologiques, Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, QC, H1X 2B2, Canada
- Department of Geography, University of Zurich, Zürich, 8057, Switzerland
| | - Sabrina Demers-Thibeault
- Département de Sciences Biologiques, Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, QC, H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - Anne Bruneau
- Département de Sciences Biologiques, Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, QC, H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - Nicholas C Coops
- Department of Forest Resources Management, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Margaret Kalacska
- Department of Geography, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H3A 0B9, Canada
| | - Mark Vellend
- Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K 2X9, Canada
| | - Etienne Laliberté
- Département de Sciences Biologiques, Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, QC, H1X 2B2, Canada
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6
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Estimating Community-Level Plant Functional Traits in a Species-Rich Alpine Meadow Using UAV Image Spectroscopy. REMOTE SENSING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/rs14143399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Plant functional traits at the community level (plant community traits hereafter) are commonly used in trait-based ecology for the study of vegetation–environment relationships. Previous studies have shown that a variety of plant functional traits at the species or community level can be successfully retrieved by airborne or spaceborne imaging spectrometer in homogeneous, species-poor ecosystems. However, findings from these studies may not apply to heterogeneous, species-rich ecosystems. Here, we aim to determine whether unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based hyperspectral imaging could adequately estimate plant community traits in a species-rich alpine meadow ecosystem on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. To achieve this, we compared the performance of four non-parametric regression models, i.e., partial least square regression (PLSR), the generic algorithm integrated with the PLSR (GA-PLSR), random forest (RF) and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) for the retrieval of 10 plant community traits using visible and near-infrared (450–950 nm) UAV hyperspectral imaging. Our results show that chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoid content, starch content, specific leaf area and leaf thickness were estimated with good accuracies, with the highest R2 values between 0.64 (nRMSE = 0.16) and 0.83 (nRMSE = 0.11). Meanwhile, the estimation accuracies for nitrogen content, phosphorus content, plant height and leaf dry matter content were relatively low, with the highest R2 varying from 0.3 (nRMSE = 0.24) to 0.54 (nRMSE = 0.20). Among the four tested algorithms, the GA-PLSR produced the highest accuracy, followed by PLSR and XGBoost, and RF showed the poorest performance. Overall, our study demonstrates that UAV-based visible and near-infrared hyperspectral imaging has the potential to accurately estimate multiple plant community traits for the natural grassland ecosystem at a fine scale.
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Barber C, Graves SJ, Hall JS, Zuidema PA, Brandt J, Bohlman SA, Asner GP, Bailón M, Caughlin TT. Species-level tree crown maps improve predictions of tree recruit abundance in a tropical landscape. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2022; 32:e2585. [PMID: 35333420 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Predicting forest recovery at landscape scales will aid forest restoration efforts. The first step in successful forest recovery is tree recruitment. Forecasts of tree recruit abundance, derived from the landscape-scale distribution of seed sources (i.e., adult trees), could assist efforts to identify sites with high potential for natural regeneration. However, previous work revealed wide variation in the effect of seed sources on seedling abundance, from positive to no effect. We quantified the relationship between adult tree seed sources and tree recruits and predicted where natural recruitment would occur in a fragmented, tropical, agricultural landscape. We integrated species-specific tree crown maps generated from hyperspectral imagery and property ownership data with field data on the spatial distribution of tree recruits from five species. We then developed hierarchical Bayesian models to predict landscape-scale recruit abundance. Our models revealed that species-specific maps of tree crowns improved recruit abundance predictions. Conspecific crown area had a much stronger impact on recruitment abundance (8.00% increase in recruit abundance when conspecific tree density increases from zero to one tree; 95% credible interval (CI): 0.80% to 11.57%) than heterospecific crown area (0.03% increase with the addition of a single heterospecific tree, 95% CI: -0.60% to 0.68%). Individual property ownership was also an important predictor of recruit abundance: The best performing model had varying effects of conspecific and heterospecific crown area on recruit abundance, depending on individual property ownership. We demonstrate how novel remote sensing approaches and cadastral data can be used to generate high-resolution and landscape-level maps of tree recruit abundance. Spatial models parameterized with field, cadastral, and remote sensing data are poised to assist decision support for forest landscape restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Barber
- Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho, USA
| | - Sarah J Graves
- Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jefferson S Hall
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, ForestGEO, Panama City, Panama
| | - Pieter A Zuidema
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jodi Brandt
- Human-Environment Systems, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho, USA
| | - Stephanie A Bohlman
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama
| | - Gregory P Asner
- Center for Global Discovery and Conservation Science, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Mario Bailón
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama
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8
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Functional Diversity and Its Influencing Factors in a Subtropical Forest Community in China. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13070966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Functional diversity is considered a key link between ecosystem functions and biodiversity, and forms the basis for making community diversity conservation strategies. Here, we chose a subtropical forest community in China as the research object, which is unique in that other regions of the world at the same latitude have almost no vegetation cover. We measured 17 functional traits of 100 plant species and calculated seven different functional diversity indices, based on functional richness, evenness, and divergence. We found that most functional diversity and species diversity indices significantly differed with plant habit. There was a significant positive correlation among functional richness indices. However, functional divergence indices, multidimensional functional divergence (FDiv), and Rao’s quadratic entropy index (RaoQ) were significantly negatively correlated, and RaoQ and functional divergence indices (FDis) were uncorrelated. The correlations between three types (richness, evenness, and divergence) of functional diversity indices and three species diversity indices were different. Lineage regression results generally showed that three functional richness indices (Average distance of functional traits (MFAD), Functional volume (FRic) and Posteriori functional group richness (FGR)) were increased with three species diversity indices (species richness (S), Shannon-Wiener index (H) and Pielou index (E)). The functional evenness index (FEve) decreased with species richness (S), Shannon-Wiener index (H) and increased with species evenness (Pielou index (E)), but the change trends were small. All three types of functional diversity indices declined with altitude, although altitude had a weak influence on them. Other environmental factors affected the functional diversity of the community. Here, soil total phosphorus (TP) was the most critical environmental factor and the convex had the least effect on functional diversity in our subtropical forest community. These results will contribute to our understanding of functional diversity in subtropical forests, and provide a basis for biodiversity conservation in this region.
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9
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Linking Land Use and Plant Functional Diversity Patterns in Sabah, Borneo, through Large-Scale Spatially Continuous Sentinel-2 Inference. LAND 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/land11040572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Global biodiversity losses erode the functioning of our vital ecosystems. Functional diversity is increasingly recognized as a critical link between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Satellite earth observation was proposed to address the current absence of information on large-scale continuous patterns of plant functional diversity. This study demonstrates the inference and spatial mapping of functional diversity metrics through satellite remote sensing over a large key biodiversity region (Sabah, Malaysian Borneo, ~53,000 km2) and compares the derived estimates across a land-use gradient as an initial qualitative assessment to test the potential merits of the approach. Functional traits (leaf water content, chlorophyll-a and -b, and leaf area index) were estimated from Sentinel-2 spectral reflectance using a pre-trained neural network on radiative transfer modeling simulations. Multivariate functional diversity metrics were calculated, including functional richness, divergence, and evenness. Spatial patterns of functional diversity were related to land-use data distinguishing intact forest, logged forest, and oil palm plantations. Spatial patterns of satellite remotely sensed functional diversity are significantly related to differences in land use. Intact forests, as well as logged forests, featured consistently higher functional diversity compared to oil palm plantations. Differences were profound for functional divergence, whereas functional richness exhibited relatively large variances within land-use classes. By linking large-scale patterns of functional diversity as derived from satellite remote sensing to land-use information, this study indicated initial responsiveness to broad human disturbance gradients over large geographical and spatially contiguous extents. Despite uncertainties about the accuracy of the spatial patterns, this study provides a coherent early application of satellite-derived functional diversity toward further validation of its responsiveness across ecological gradients.
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Kitzes J, Blake R, Bombaci S, Chapman M, Duran SM, Huang T, Joseph MB, Lapp S, Marconi S, Oestreich WK, Rhinehart TA, Schweiger AK, Song Y, Surasinghe T, Yang D, Yule K. Expanding NEON biodiversity surveys with new instrumentation and machine learning approaches. Ecosphere 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Justin Kitzes
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA
| | - Rachael Blake
- National Socio‐Environmental Synthesis Center Annapolis Maryland USA
| | - Sara Bombaci
- Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado USA
| | - Melissa Chapman
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management University of California Berkeley Berkeley California USA
| | - Sandra M. Duran
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology The University of Arizona Tucson Arizona USA
| | - Tao Huang
- Human‐Environment Systems Boise State University Boise Idaho USA
| | - Maxwell B. Joseph
- Earth Lab Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES) University of Colorado Boulder Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Samuel Lapp
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA
| | - Sergio Marconi
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA
| | | | - Tessa A. Rhinehart
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA
| | | | - Yiluan Song
- Environmental Studies Department University of California Santa Cruz California USA
| | - Thilina Surasinghe
- Department of Biological Sciences Bridgewater State University Bridgewater Massachusetts USA
| | - Di Yang
- Wyoming Geographic Information Science Center (WyGISC) University of Wyoming Laramie Wyoming USA
| | - Kelsey Yule
- National Ecological Observatory Network Biorepository Arizona State University Tempe Arizona USA
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11
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Lin M, Simons AL, Harrigan RJ, Curd EE, Schneider FD, Ruiz-Ramos DV, Gold Z, Osborne MG, Shirazi S, Schweizer TM, Moore TN, Fox EA, Turba R, Garcia-Vedrenne AE, Helman SK, Rutledge K, Mejia MP, Marwayana O, Munguia Ramos MN, Wetzer R, Pentcheff ND, McTavish EJ, Dawson MN, Shapiro B, Wayne RK, Meyer RS. Landscape analyses using eDNA metabarcoding and Earth observation predict community biodiversity in California. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2021; 31:e02379. [PMID: 34013632 DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4516670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Ecosystems globally are under threat from ongoing anthropogenic environmental change. Effective conservation management requires more thorough biodiversity surveys that can reveal system-level patterns and that can be applied rapidly across space and time. Using modern ecological models and community science, we integrate environmental DNA and Earth observations to produce a time snapshot of regional biodiversity patterns and provide multi-scalar community-level characterization. We collected 278 samples in spring 2017 from coastal, shrub, and lowland forest sites in California, a complex ecosystem and biodiversity hotspot. We recovered 16,118 taxonomic entries from eDNA analyses and compiled associated traditional observations and environmental data to assess how well they predicted alpha, beta, and zeta diversity. We found that local habitat classification was diagnostic of community composition and distinct communities and organisms in different kingdoms are predicted by different environmental variables. Nonetheless, gradient forest models of 915 families recovered by eDNA analysis and using BIOCLIM variables, Sentinel-2 satellite data, human impact, and topographical features as predictors, explained 35% of the variance in community turnover. Elevation, sand percentage, and photosynthetic activities (NDVI32) were the top predictors. In addition to this signal of environmental filtering, we found a positive relationship between environmentally predicted families and their numbers of biotic interactions, suggesting environmental change could have a disproportionate effect on community networks. Together, these analyses show that coupling eDNA with environmental predictors including remote sensing data has capacity to test proposed Essential Biodiversity Variables and create new landscape biodiversity baselines that span the tree of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meixi Lin
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Ariel Levi Simons
- Department of Marine and Environmental Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90089, USA
- Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Ryan J Harrigan
- Center for Tropical Research, Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Emily E Curd
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Fabian D Schneider
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California, 91009, USA
| | - Dannise V Ruiz-Ramos
- Columbia Environmental Research Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Columbia, Missouri, 65201, USA
- Department of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of California-Merced, Merced, California, 95343, USA
| | - Zack Gold
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Melisa G Osborne
- Department of Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90089, USA
| | - Sabrina Shirazi
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California-Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, 95064, USA
| | - Teia M Schweizer
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523, USA
| | - Tiara N Moore
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
- School of Environmental and Forestry Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA
| | - Emma A Fox
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Rachel Turba
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Ana E Garcia-Vedrenne
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Sarah K Helman
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Kelsi Rutledge
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Maura Palacios Mejia
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Onny Marwayana
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
- Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense, Research Center for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Cibinong, Bogor, 16911, Indonesia
| | - Miroslava N Munguia Ramos
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Regina Wetzer
- Research and Collections, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, California, 90007, USA
- Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90089, USA
| | - N Dean Pentcheff
- Research and Collections, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, California, 90007, USA
| | - Emily Jane McTavish
- Department of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of California-Merced, Merced, California, 95343, USA
| | - Michael N Dawson
- Department of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of California-Merced, Merced, California, 95343, USA
| | - Beth Shapiro
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California-Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, 95064, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California-Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, 95064, USA
| | - Robert K Wayne
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Rachel S Meyer
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California-Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, 95064, USA
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12
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Lin M, Simons AL, Harrigan RJ, Curd EE, Schneider FD, Ruiz-Ramos DV, Gold Z, Osborne MG, Shirazi S, Schweizer TM, Moore TN, Fox EA, Turba R, Garcia-Vedrenne AE, Helman SK, Rutledge K, Mejia MP, Marwayana O, Munguia Ramos MN, Wetzer R, Pentcheff ND, McTavish EJ, Dawson MN, Shapiro B, Wayne RK, Meyer RS. Landscape analyses using eDNA metabarcoding and Earth observation predict community biodiversity in California. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2021; 31:e02379. [PMID: 34013632 PMCID: PMC9297316 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Ecosystems globally are under threat from ongoing anthropogenic environmental change. Effective conservation management requires more thorough biodiversity surveys that can reveal system-level patterns and that can be applied rapidly across space and time. Using modern ecological models and community science, we integrate environmental DNA and Earth observations to produce a time snapshot of regional biodiversity patterns and provide multi-scalar community-level characterization. We collected 278 samples in spring 2017 from coastal, shrub, and lowland forest sites in California, a complex ecosystem and biodiversity hotspot. We recovered 16,118 taxonomic entries from eDNA analyses and compiled associated traditional observations and environmental data to assess how well they predicted alpha, beta, and zeta diversity. We found that local habitat classification was diagnostic of community composition and distinct communities and organisms in different kingdoms are predicted by different environmental variables. Nonetheless, gradient forest models of 915 families recovered by eDNA analysis and using BIOCLIM variables, Sentinel-2 satellite data, human impact, and topographical features as predictors, explained 35% of the variance in community turnover. Elevation, sand percentage, and photosynthetic activities (NDVI32) were the top predictors. In addition to this signal of environmental filtering, we found a positive relationship between environmentally predicted families and their numbers of biotic interactions, suggesting environmental change could have a disproportionate effect on community networks. Together, these analyses show that coupling eDNA with environmental predictors including remote sensing data has capacity to test proposed Essential Biodiversity Variables and create new landscape biodiversity baselines that span the tree of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meixi Lin
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095 USA
| | - Ariel Levi Simons
- Department of Marine and Environmental Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089 USA
- Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095 USA
| | - Ryan J. Harrigan
- Center for Tropical Research, Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095 USA
| | - Emily E. Curd
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095 USA
| | - Fabian D. Schneider
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California 91009 USA
| | - Dannise V. Ruiz-Ramos
- Columbia Environmental Research Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Columbia, Missouri 65201 USA
- Department of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of California-Merced, Merced, California 95343 USA
| | - Zack Gold
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095 USA
| | - Melisa G. Osborne
- Department of Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089 USA
| | - Sabrina Shirazi
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California-Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064 USA
| | - Teia M. Schweizer
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095 USA
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523 USA
| | - Tiara N. Moore
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095 USA
- School of Environmental and Forestry Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195 USA
| | - Emma A. Fox
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095 USA
| | - Rachel Turba
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095 USA
| | - Ana E. Garcia-Vedrenne
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095 USA
| | - Sarah K. Helman
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095 USA
| | - Kelsi Rutledge
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095 USA
| | - Maura Palacios Mejia
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095 USA
| | - Onny Marwayana
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095 USA
- Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense, Research Center for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Cibinong, Bogor 16911 Indonesia
| | - Miroslava N. Munguia Ramos
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095 USA
| | - Regina Wetzer
- Research and Collections, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, California 90007 USA
- Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089 USA
| | - N. Dean Pentcheff
- Research and Collections, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, California 90007 USA
| | - Emily Jane McTavish
- Department of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of California-Merced, Merced, California 95343 USA
| | - Michael N. Dawson
- Department of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of California-Merced, Merced, California 95343 USA
| | - Beth Shapiro
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California-Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064 USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California-Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064 USA
| | - Robert K. Wayne
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095 USA
| | - Rachel S. Meyer
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095 USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California-Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064 USA
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13
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The Potential of Mapping Grassland Plant Diversity with the Links among Spectral Diversity, Functional Trait Diversity, and Species Diversity. REMOTE SENSING 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/rs13153034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mapping biodiversity is essential for assessing conservation and ecosystem services in global terrestrial ecosystems. Compared with remotely sensed mapping of forest biodiversity, that of grassland plant diversity has been less studied, because of the small size of individual grass species and the inherent difficulty in identifying these species. The technological advances in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based or proximal imaging spectroscopy with high spatial resolution provide new approaches for mapping and assessing grassland plant diversity based on spectral diversity and functional trait diversity. However, relatively few studies have explored the relationships among spectral diversity, remote-sensing-estimated functional trait diversity, and species diversity in grassland ecosystems. In this study, we examined the links among spectral diversity, functional trait diversity, and species diversity in a semi-arid grassland monoculture experimental site. The results showed that (1) different grassland plant species harbored different functional traits or trait combinations (functional trait diversity), leading to different spectral patterns (spectral diversity). (2) The spectral diversity of grassland plant species increased gradually from the visible (VIR, 400–700 nm) to the near-infrared (NIR, 700–1100 nm) region, and to the short-wave infrared (SWIR, 1100–2400 nm) region. (3) As the species richness increased, the functional traits and spectral diversity increased in a nonlinear manner, finally tending to saturate. (4) Grassland plant species diversity could be accurately predicted using hyperspectral data (R2 = 0.73, p < 0.001) and remotely sensed functional traits (R2 = 0.66, p < 0.001) using cluster algorithms. This will enhance our understanding of the effect of biodiversity on ecosystem functions and support regional grassland biodiversity conservation.
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14
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Guillén‐Escribà C, Schneider FD, Schmid B, Tedder A, Morsdorf F, Furrer R, Hueni A, Niklaus PA, Schaepman ME. Remotely sensed between-individual functional trait variation in a temperate forest. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:10834-10867. [PMID: 34429885 PMCID: PMC8366889 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Trait-based ecology holds the promise to explain how plant communities work, for example, how functional diversity may support community productivity. However, so far it has been difficult to combine field-based approaches assessing traits at the level of plant individuals with limited spatial coverage and approaches using remote sensing (RS) with complete spatial coverage but assessing traits at the level of vegetation pixels rather than individuals. By delineating all individual-tree crowns within a temperate forest site and then assigning RS-derived trait measures to these trees, we combine the two approaches, allowing us to use general linear models to estimate the influence of taxonomic or environmental variation on between- and within-species variation across contiguous space.We used airborne imaging spectroscopy and laser scanning to collect individual-tree RS data from a mixed conifer-angiosperm forest on a mountain slope extending over 5.5 ha and covering large environmental gradients in elevation as well as light and soil conditions. We derived three biochemical (leaf chlorophyll, carotenoids, and water content) and three architectural traits (plant area index, foliage-height diversity, and canopy height), which had previously been used to characterize plant function, from the RS data. We then quantified the contributions of taxonomic and environmental variation and their interaction to trait variation and partitioned the remaining within-species trait variation into smaller-scale spatial and residual variation. We also investigated the correlation between functional trait and phylogenetic distances at the between-species level. The forest consisted of 13 tree species of which eight occurred in sufficient abundance for quantitative analysis.On average, taxonomic variation between species accounted for more than 15% of trait variation in biochemical traits but only around 5% (still highly significant) in architectural traits. Biochemical trait distances among species also showed a stronger correlation with phylogenetic distances than did architectural trait distances. Light and soil conditions together with elevation explained slightly more variation than taxonomy across all traits, but in particular increased plant area index (light) and reduced canopy height (elevation). Except for foliage-height diversity, all traits were affected by significant interactions between taxonomic and environmental variation, the different responses of the eight species to the within-site environmental gradients potentially contributing to the coexistence of the eight abundant species.We conclude that with high-resolution RS data it is possible to delineate individual-tree crowns within a forest and thus assess functional traits derived from RS data at individual level. With this precondition fulfilled, it is then possible to apply tools commonly used in field-based trait ecology to partition trait variation among individuals into taxonomic and potentially even genetic variation, environmental variation, and interactions between the two. The method proposed here presents a promising way of assessing individual-based trait information with complete spatial coverage and thus allowing analysis of functional diversity at different scales. This information can help to better understand processes shaping community structure, productivity, and stability of forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Guillén‐Escribà
- Remote Sensing LaboratoriesDepartment of GeographyUniversity of ZürichZürichSwitzerland
- Present address:
WeesenSwitzerland
| | - Fabian D. Schneider
- Remote Sensing LaboratoriesDepartment of GeographyUniversity of ZürichZürichSwitzerland
- Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA
| | - Bernhard Schmid
- Remote Sensing LaboratoriesDepartment of GeographyUniversity of ZürichZürichSwitzerland
| | - Andrew Tedder
- School of Chemistry and BiosciencesFaculty of Life SciencesUniversity of BradfordBradfordUK
| | - Felix Morsdorf
- Remote Sensing LaboratoriesDepartment of GeographyUniversity of ZürichZürichSwitzerland
| | - Reinhard Furrer
- Department of MathematicsUniversity of ZürichZürichSwitzerland
- Department of Computational ScienceUniversity of ZürichZürichSwitzerland
| | - Andreas Hueni
- Remote Sensing LaboratoriesDepartment of GeographyUniversity of ZürichZürichSwitzerland
| | - Pascal A. Niklaus
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental StudiesUniversity of ZürichZürichSwitzerland
| | - Michael E. Schaepman
- Remote Sensing LaboratoriesDepartment of GeographyUniversity of ZürichZürichSwitzerland
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15
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Monge‐González ML, Guerrero‐Ramírez N, Krömer T, Kreft H, Craven D. Functional diversity and redundancy of tropical forests shift with elevation and forest‐use intensity. J Appl Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Thorsten Krömer
- Centro de Investigaciones Tropicales Universidad Veracruzana Xalapa Mexico
| | - Holger Kreft
- Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography University of Goettingen Göttingen Germany
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use (CBL) University of Goettingen Göttingen Germany
| | - Dylan Craven
- Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography University of Goettingen Göttingen Germany
- Centro de Modelación y Monitoreo de Ecosistemas Facultad de Ciencias Universidad Mayor Santiago Chile
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16
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Ellis-Soto D, Ferraro KM, Rizzuto M, Briggs E, Monk JD, Schmitz OJ. A methodological roadmap to quantify animal-vectored spatial ecosystem subsidies. J Anim Ecol 2021; 90:1605-1622. [PMID: 34014558 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Energy, nutrients and organisms move over landscapes, connecting ecosystems across space and time. Meta-ecosystem theory investigates the emerging properties of local ecosystems coupled spatially by these movements of organisms and matter, by explicitly tracking exchanges of multiple substances across ecosystem borders. To date, meta-ecosystem research has focused mostly on abiotic flows-neglecting biotic nutrient flows. However, recent work has indicated animals act as spatial nutrient vectors when they transport nutrients across landscapes in the form of excreta, egesta and their own bodies. Partly due to its high level of abstraction, there are few empirical tests of meta-ecosystem theory. Furthermore, while animals may be viewed as important mediators of ecosystem functions, better integration of tools is needed to develop predictive insights of their relative roles and impacts on diverse ecosystems. We present a methodological roadmap that explains how to do such integration by discussing how to combine insights from movement, foraging and ecosystem ecology to develop a coherent understanding of animal-vectored nutrient transport on meta-ecosystems processes. We discuss how the slate of newly developed technologies and methods-tracking devices, mechanistic movement models, diet reconstruction techniques and remote sensing-that when integrated have the potential to advance the quantification of animal-vectored nutrient flows and increase the predictive power of meta-ecosystem theory. We demonstrate that by integrating novel and established tools of animal ecology, ecosystem ecology and remote sensing, we can begin to identify and quantify animal-mediated nutrient translocation by large animals. We also provide conceptual examples that show how our proposed integration of methodologies can help investigate ecosystem impacts of large animal movement. We conclude by describing practical advancements to understanding cross-ecosystem contributions of animals on the move. Understanding the mechanisms by which animals shape ecosystem dynamics is important for ongoing conservation, rewilding and restoration initiatives around the world, and for developing more accurate models of ecosystem nutrient budgets. Our roadmap will enable ecologists to better qualify and quantify animal-mediated nutrient translocation for animals on the move.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Ellis-Soto
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,Center for Biodiversity and Global Change, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Matteo Rizzuto
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada
| | - Emily Briggs
- School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Julia D Monk
- School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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17
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A Remote Sensing Approach to Understanding Patterns of Secondary Succession in Tropical Forest. REMOTE SENSING 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/rs13112148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring biodiversity on a global scale is a major challenge for biodiversity conservation. Field assessments commonly used to assess patterns of biodiversity and habitat condition are costly, challenging, and restricted to small spatial scales. As ecosystems face increasing anthropogenic pressures, it is important that we find ways to assess patterns of biodiversity more efficiently. Remote sensing has the potential to support understanding of landscape-level ecological processes. In this study, we considered cacao agroforests at different stages of secondary succession, and primary forest in the Northern Range of Trinidad, West Indies. We assessed changes in tree biodiversity over succession using both field data, and data derived from remote sensing. We then evaluated the strengths and limitations of each method, exploring the potential for expanding field data by using remote sensing techniques to investigate landscape-level patterns of forest condition and regeneration. Remote sensing and field data provided different insights into tree species compositional changes, and patterns of alpha- and beta-diversity. The results highlight the potential of remote sensing for detecting patterns of compositional change in forests, and for expanding on field data in order to better understand landscape-level patterns of forest diversity.
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18
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Exploring the Impact of Noise on Hybrid Inversion of PROSAIL RTM on Sentinel-2 Data. REMOTE SENSING 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/rs13040648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Remote sensing (RS) of biophysical variables plays a vital role in providing the information necessary for understanding spatio-temporal dynamics in ecosystems. The hybrid approach to retrieve biophysical variables from RS by combining Machine Learning (ML) algorithms with surrogate data generated by Radiative Transfer Models (RTM). The susceptibility of the ill-posed solutions to noise currently constrains further application of hybrid approaches. Here, we explored how noise affects the performance of ML algorithms for biophysical trait retrieval. We focused on synthetic Sentinel-2 (S2) data generated using the PROSAIL RTM and four commonly applied ML algorithms: Gaussian Processes (GPR), Random Forests (RFR), and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and Multi-task Neural Networks (MTN). After identifying which biophysical variables can be retrieved from S2 using a Global Sensitivity Analysis, we evaluated the performance loss of each algorithm using the Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) with increasing noise levels. We found that, for S2 data, Carotenoid concentrations are uniquely dependent on band 2, Chlorophyll is almost exclusively dependent on the visible ranges, and Leaf Area Index, water, and dry matter contents are mostly dependent on infrared bands. Without added noise, GPR was the best algorithm (<0.05%), followed by the MTN (<3%) and ANN (<5%), with the RFR performing very poorly (<50%). The addition of noise critically affected the performance of all algorithms (>20%) even at low levels of added noise (≈5%). Overall, both neural networks performed significantly better than GPR and RFR when noise was added with the MTN being slightly better when compared to the ANN. Our results imply that the performance of the commonly used algorithms in hybrid-RTM inversion are pervasively sensitive to noise. The implication is that more advanced models or approaches are necessary to minimize the impact of noise to improve near real-time and accurate RS monitoring of biophysical trait retrieval.
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Bakhtiari M, Glauser G, Defossez E, Rasmann S. Ecological convergence of secondary phytochemicals along elevational gradients. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:1755-1767. [PMID: 32981048 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Biologists still strive to identify the ecological and evolutionary drivers of phytochemical variation that mediate biotic interactions. We hypothesized that plant species growing at sites characterized by high herbivore pressure would converge to produce highly toxic blends of secondary metabolites, independent of phylogenetic constraints. To address the role of shared evolutionary history and ecological niches in driving variation in plant phytochemistry, we combined targeted metabolomics with insect herbivore bioassays and with a set of growth-related traits of several Cardamine species growing along the entire elevational gradient of the Alps. We observed that Cardamine phytochemical profiles grouped according to previously established growth form categorizations within specific abiotic conditions, independently of phylogenetic relationship. We also showed that novel indices summarizing functional phytochemical diversity better explain plant resistance against chewing and sap-feeding herbivores than classic diversity indices. We conclude that multiple functional axes of phytochemical diversity should be integrated with the functional axis of plant growth forms to study phenotypic convergence along large-scale ecological gradients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moe Bakhtiari
- Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue-Emile Argand 11, Neuchâtel, 2000, Switzerland
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Gaétan Glauser
- Neuchâtel Platform of Analytical Chemistry (NPAC), Avenue de Bellevaux 51, Neuchâtel, 2000, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel Defossez
- Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue-Emile Argand 11, Neuchâtel, 2000, Switzerland
| | - Sergio Rasmann
- Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue-Emile Argand 11, Neuchâtel, 2000, Switzerland
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