1
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Mudgal M, Meena P, Tiwari VK, Yenugonda V, Malik VK, Buck J, Rossnagel K, Mahatha SK, Nayak J. Magnetotransport and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy of MnSb 12Te 19: a new member of MnSb2nTe3n+1family. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2024; 36:50LT01. [PMID: 39241799 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ad7806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
The quest for intrinsically ferromagnetic topological materials is a focal point in the study of topological phases of matter, as intrinsic ferromagnetism plays a vital role in realizing exotic properties such as the anomalous Hall effect (AHE) in quasi-two-dimensional materials, and this stands out as one of the most pressing concerns within the field. Here, we investigate a novel higher order member of the MnSb2nTe3n+1family, MnSb12Te19, for the first time combining magnetotransport and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) measurements. Our magnetic susceptibility experiments identify ferromagnetic transitions at temperatureTc= 18.7 K, consistent with our heat capacity measurements (T= 18.8 K). The AHE is observed for the field along thec-axis belowTc. Our study of Shubinikov-de-Haas oscillations provides evidence for Dirac fermions withπBerry phase. Our comprehensive investigation reveals that MnSb12Te19exhibits a FM ground state along with AHE, and hole-dominated transport properties consistent with ARPES measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Mudgal
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Priyanka Meena
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Vishnu Kumar Tiwari
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Venkateswara Yenugonda
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
- Department of Physics, SUNY Buffalo State University, Buffalo, NY 14222, United States of America
| | - Vivek Kumar Malik
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Jens Buck
- Ruprecht Haensel Laboratory, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Notkestr. 85, Hamburg, 22607, Germany
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Kai Rossnagel
- Ruprecht Haensel Laboratory, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Notkestr. 85, Hamburg, 22607, Germany
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Sanjoy Kr Mahatha
- UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research, Khandwa Road, Indore 452001, India
| | - Jayita Nayak
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
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2
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Yao X, Cui Q, Huang Z, Yuan X, Yi HT, Jain D, Kisslinger K, Han MG, Wu W, Yang H, Oh S. Atomic-Layer-Controlled Magnetic Orders in MnBi 2Te 4-Bi 2Te 3 Topological Heterostructures. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:9923-9930. [PMID: 39078726 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c02320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
The natural van der Waals superlattice MnBi2Te4-(Bi2Te3)m provides an optimal platform to combine topology and magnetism in one system with minimal structural disorder. Here, we show that this system can harbor both ferromagnetic (FM) and antiferromagnetic (AFM) orders and that these magnetic orders can be controlled in two different ways by either varying the Mn-Mn distance while keeping the Bi2Te3/MnBi2Te4 ratio constant or vice versa. We achieve this by creating atomically engineered sandwich structures composed of Bi2Te3 and MnBi2Te4 layers. We show that the AFM order is exclusively determined by the Mn-Mn distance, whereas the FM order depends only on the overall Bi2Te3/MnBi2Te4 ratio regardless of the distance between the MnBi2Te4 layers. Our results shed light on the origins of the AFM and FM orders and provide insights into how to manipulate magnetic orders not only for the MnBi2Te4-Bi2Te3 system but also for other magneto-topological materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Yao
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Center for Quantum Materials Synthesis and Department of Physics & Astronomy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Qirui Cui
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Center for Quantum Matter, School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zengle Huang
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Xiaoyu Yuan
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Hee Taek Yi
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Deepti Jain
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Kim Kisslinger
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Myung-Geun Han
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Weida Wu
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Hongxin Yang
- Center for Quantum Matter, School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Seongshik Oh
- Center for Quantum Materials Synthesis and Department of Physics & Astronomy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
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3
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Yao YT, Xu SY, Chang TR. Atomic scale quantum anomalous hall effect in monolayer graphene/MnBi 2Te 4 heterostructure. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024; 11:3420-3426. [PMID: 38691397 DOI: 10.1039/d4mh00165f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
The two-dimensional quantum anomalous Hall (QAH) effect is direct evidence of non-trivial Berry curvature topology in condensed matter physics. Searching for QAH in 2D materials, particularly with simplified fabrication methods, poses a significant challenge in future applications. Despite numerous theoretical works proposed for the QAH effect with C = 2 in graphene, neglecting magnetism sources such as proper substrate effects lacks experimental evidence. In this work, we propose the QAH effect in graphene/MnBi2Te4 (MBT) heterostructure based on density-functional theory (DFT) calculations. The monolayer MBT introduces spin-orbital coupling, Zeeman exchange field, and Kekulé distortion as a substrate effect into graphene, resulting in QAH with C = 1 in the heterostructure. Our effective Hamiltonian further presents a rich phase diagram that has not been studied previously. Our work provides a new and practical way to explore the QAH effect in monolayer graphene and the magnetic topological phases by the flexibility of MBT family materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueh-Ting Yao
- Department of Physics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.
| | - Su-Yang Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Tay-Rong Chang
- Department of Physics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.
- Center for Quantum Frontiers of Research and Technology (QFort), Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Physics Division, National Center for Theoretical Sciences, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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4
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Sahoo M, Onuorah IJ, Folkers LC, Kochetkova E, Chulkov EV, Otrokov MM, Aliev ZS, Amiraslanov IR, Wolter AUB, Büchner B, Corredor LT, Wang C, Salman Z, Isaeva A, De Renzi R, Allodi G. Ubiquitous Order-Disorder Transition in the Mn Antisite Sublattice of the (MnBi 2Te 4)(Bi 2Te 3) n Magnetic Topological Insulators. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2402753. [PMID: 38973332 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202402753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Magnetic topological insulators (TIs) herald a wealth of applications in spin-based technologies, relying on the novel quantum phenomena provided by their topological properties. Particularly promising is the (MnBi2Te4)(Bi2Te3)n layered family of established intrinsic magnetic TIs that can flexibly realize various magnetic orders and topological states. High tunability of this material platform is enabled by manganese-pnictogen intermixing, whose amounts and distribution patterns are controlled by synthetic conditions. Here, nuclear magnetic resonance and muon spin spectroscopy, sensitive local probe techniques, are employed to scrutinize the impact of the intermixing on the magnetic properties of (MnBi2Te4)(Bi2Te3)n and MnSb2Te4. The measurements not only confirm the opposite alignment between the Mn magnetic moments on native sites and antisites in the ground state of MnSb2Te4, but for the first time directly show the same alignment in (MnBi2Te4)(Bi2Te3)n with n = 0, 1 and 2. Moreover, for all compounds, the static magnetic moment of the Mn antisite sublattice is found to disappear well below the intrinsic magnetic transition temperature, leaving a homogeneous magnetic structure undisturbed by the intermixing. The findings provide a microscopic understanding of the crucial role played by Mn-Bi intermixing in (MnBi2Te4)(Bi2Te3)n and offer pathways to optimizing the magnetic gap in its surface states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manaswini Sahoo
- Leibniz IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 20, D-01069, Dresden, Germany
- Institut für Festkörper- und Materialphysik, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
- Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, Dresden, Germany
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Universitá di Parma, Parco delle Scienze 7A, Parma, I-43124, Italy
| | - Ifeanyi John Onuorah
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Universitá di Parma, Parco delle Scienze 7A, Parma, I-43124, Italy
| | - Laura Christina Folkers
- Institut für Festkörper- und Materialphysik, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
- Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ekaterina Kochetkova
- Institut für Festkörper- und Materialphysik, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
- Van der Waals-Zeeman Institute, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 094, Amsterdam, 1098 XH, Netherlands
| | - Evgueni V Chulkov
- Donostia International Physics Center, Sebastián, 20018 Donostia-San, Spain
- Departamento de Polímeros y Materiales Avanzados: Física, Química y Tecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20018, Spain
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CFM-MPC), Centro Mixto (CSIC-UPV/EHU), Donostia-San Sebastián, 20018, Spain
- Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - Mikhail M Otrokov
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
| | - Ziya S Aliev
- Baku State University, Baku, AZ1148, Azerbaijan
- Institute of Physics Ministry of Science and Education Republic of Azerbaijan, Baku, AZ1143, Azerbaijan
| | - Imamaddin R Amiraslanov
- Baku State University, Baku, AZ1148, Azerbaijan
- Institute of Physics Ministry of Science and Education Republic of Azerbaijan, Baku, AZ1143, Azerbaijan
| | - Anja U B Wolter
- Leibniz IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 20, D-01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Bernd Büchner
- Leibniz IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 20, D-01069, Dresden, Germany
- Institut für Festkörper- und Materialphysik, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
- Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Chennan Wang
- Laboratory for Muon Spin Spectroscopy, Paul-Scherrer-Institute, Villigen PSI, CH-5232, Switzerland
| | - Zaher Salman
- Laboratory for Muon Spin Spectroscopy, Paul-Scherrer-Institute, Villigen PSI, CH-5232, Switzerland
| | - Anna Isaeva
- Leibniz IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 20, D-01069, Dresden, Germany
- Van der Waals-Zeeman Institute, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 094, Amsterdam, 1098 XH, Netherlands
- Faculty of Physics, Technical University of Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Str. 4, 44221, Dortmund, Germany
- Research Center Future Energy Materials and Systems (RC FEMS), Germany
| | - Roberto De Renzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Universitá di Parma, Parco delle Scienze 7A, Parma, I-43124, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Allodi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Universitá di Parma, Parco delle Scienze 7A, Parma, I-43124, Italy
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5
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Liu X, Shan J, Cao T, Zhu L, Ma J, Wang G, Shi Z, Yang Q, Ma M, Liu Z, Yan S, Wang L, Dai Y, Xiong J, Chen F, Wang B, Pan C, Wang Z, Cheng B, He Y, Luo X, Lin J, Liang SJ, Miao F. On-device phase engineering. NATURE MATERIALS 2024:10.1038/s41563-024-01888-y. [PMID: 38664497 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-024-01888-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
In situ tailoring of two-dimensional materials' phases under external stimulus facilitates the manipulation of their properties for electronic, quantum and energy applications. However, current methods are mainly limited to the transitions among phases with unchanged chemical stoichiometry. Here we propose on-device phase engineering that allows us to realize various lattice phases with distinct chemical stoichiometries. Using palladium and selenide as a model system, we show that a PdSe2 channel with prepatterned Pd electrodes can be transformed into Pd17Se15 and Pd4Se by thermally tailoring the chemical composition ratio of the channel. Different phase configurations can be obtained by precisely controlling the thickness and spacing of the electrodes. The device can be thus engineered to implement versatile functions in situ, such as exhibiting superconducting behaviour and achieving ultralow-contact resistance, as well as customizing the synthesis of electrocatalysts. The proposed on-device phase engineering approach exhibits a universal mechanism and can be expanded to 29 element combinations between a metal and chalcogen. Our work highlights on-device phase engineering as a promising research approach through which to exploit fundamental properties as well as their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Liu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junjie Shan
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tianjun Cao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liang Zhu
- Department of Physics and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Quantum Functional Materials and Devices, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiayu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Physics and Devices, Centre for Physical Mechanics and Biophysics, School of Physics, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Physics and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Quantum Functional Materials and Devices, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zude Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Qishuo Yang
- Department of Physics and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Quantum Functional Materials and Devices, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mingyu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Zenglin Liu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shengnan Yan
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lizheng Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yudi Dai
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junlin Xiong
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fanqiang Chen
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Buwei Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen Pan
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Physical Sciences, School of Physics, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenlin Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bin Cheng
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Physical Sciences, School of Physics, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongmin He
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Xin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Physics and Devices, Centre for Physical Mechanics and Biophysics, School of Physics, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Junhao Lin
- Department of Physics and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Quantum Functional Materials and Devices, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
- Quantum Science Center of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Shi-Jun Liang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Feng Miao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
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6
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Webb TA, Tamanna AN, Ding X, Verma N, Xu J, Krusin-Elbaum L, Dean CR, Basov DN, Pasupathy AN. Tunable Magnetic Domains in Ferrimagnetic MnSb 2Te 4. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:4393-4399. [PMID: 38569084 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c05058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Highly tunable properties make Mn(Bi,Sb)2Te4 a rich playground for exploring the interplay between band topology and magnetism: On one end, MnBi2Te4 is an antiferromagnetic topological insulator, while the magnetic structure of MnSb2Te4 (MST) can be tuned between antiferromagnetic and ferrimagnetic. Motivated to control electronic properties through real-space magnetic textures, we use magnetic force microscopy (MFM) to image the domains of ferrimagnetic MST. We find that magnetic field tunes between stripe and bubble domain morphologies, raising the possibility of topological spin textures. Moreover, we combine in situ transport with domain manipulation and imaging to both write MST device properties and directly measure the scaling of the Hall response with the domain area. This work demonstrates measurement of the local anomalous Hall response using MFM and opens the door to reconfigurable domain-based devices in the M(B,S)T family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana A Webb
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Afrin N Tamanna
- Department of Physics, The City College of New York, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Xiaxin Ding
- Department of Physics, The City College of New York, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Nishchhal Verma
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Jikai Xu
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Lia Krusin-Elbaum
- Department of Physics, The City College of New York, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Cory R Dean
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Dmitri N Basov
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Abhay N Pasupathy
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
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7
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Li S, Liu T, Liu C, Wang Y, Lu HZ, Xie XC. Progress on the antiferromagnetic topological insulator MnBi 2Te 4. Natl Sci Rev 2024; 11:nwac296. [PMID: 38213528 PMCID: PMC10776361 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwac296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Topological materials, which feature robust surface and/or edge states, have now been a research focus in condensed matter physics. They represent a new class of materials exhibiting nontrivial topological phases, and provide a platform for exploring exotic transport phenomena, such as the quantum anomalous Hall effect and the quantum spin Hall effect. Recently, magnetic topological materials have attracted considerable interests due to the possibility to study the interplay between topological and magnetic orders. In particular, the quantum anomalous Hall and axion insulator phases can be realized in topological insulators with magnetic order. MnBi2Te4, as the first intrinsic antiferromagnetic topological insulator discovered, allows the examination of existing theoretical predictions; it has been extensively studied, and many new discoveries have been made. Here we review the progress made on MnBi2Te4 from both experimental and theoretical aspects. The bulk crystal and magnetic structures are surveyed first, followed by a review of theoretical calculations and experimental probes on the band structure and surface states, and a discussion of various exotic phases that can be realized in MnBi2Te4. The properties of MnBi2Te4 thin films and the corresponding transport studies are then reviewed, with an emphasis on the edge state transport. Possible future research directions in this field are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Li
- Department of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China
- Quantum Science Center of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (Guangdong), Shenzhen 518045, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Quantum Science and Engineering, Shenzhen 518055, China
- International Quantum Academy, Shenzhen 518048, China
| | - Tianyu Liu
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China
- Quantum Science Center of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (Guangdong), Shenzhen 518045, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Quantum Science and Engineering, Shenzhen 518055, China
- International Quantum Academy, Shenzhen 518048, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Functional Materials & Micro-Nano Devices, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Yayu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Beijing 100084, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Hai-Zhou Lu
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China
- Quantum Science Center of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (Guangdong), Shenzhen 518045, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Quantum Science and Engineering, Shenzhen 518055, China
- International Quantum Academy, Shenzhen 518048, China
| | - X C Xie
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Institute for Nanoelectronic Devices and Quantum Computing, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
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8
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Wan Y, Li J, Liu Q. Topological magnetoelectric response in ferromagnetic axion insulators. Natl Sci Rev 2024; 11:nwac138. [PMID: 38264342 PMCID: PMC10804227 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwac138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The topological magnetoelectric effect (TME) is a hallmark response of the topological field theory, which provides a paradigm shift in the study of emergent topological phenomena. However, its direct observation is yet to be realized due to the demanding magnetic configuration required to gap all surface states. Here, we theoretically propose that axion insulators with a simple ferromagnetic configuration, such as the MnBi2Te4/(Bi2Te3)n family, provide an ideal playground to realize the TME. In the designed triangular prism geometry, all the surface states are magnetically gapped. Under a vertical electric field, the surface Hall currents give rise to a nearly half-quantized orbital moment, accompanied by a gapless chiral hinge mode circulating in parallel. Thus, the orbital magnetization from the two topological origins can be easily distinguished by reversing the electric field. Our work paves the way for direct observation of the TME in realistic axion-insulator materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Wan
- Department of Physics and Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering (SIQSE), Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jiayu Li
- Department of Physics and Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering (SIQSE), Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qihang Liu
- Department of Physics and Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering (SIQSE), Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Quantum Functional Materials and Devices, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Computational Science and Material Design, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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9
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Wang Y, Ma XM, Hao Z, Cai Y, Rong H, Zhang F, Chen W, Zhang C, Lin J, Zhao Y, Liu C, Liu Q, Chen C. On the topological surface states of the intrinsic magnetic topological insulator Mn-Bi-Te family. Natl Sci Rev 2024; 11:nwad066. [PMID: 38213518 PMCID: PMC10776371 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwad066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
We review recent progress in the electronic structure study of intrinsic magnetic topological insulators (MnBi2Te4) · (Bi2Te3)n ([Formula: see text]) family. Specifically, we focus on the ubiquitously (nearly) gapless behavior of the topological Dirac surface state observed by photoemission spectroscopy, even though a large Dirac gap is expected because of surface ferromagnetic order. The dichotomy between experiment and theory concerning this gap behavior is perhaps the most critical and puzzling question in this frontier. We discuss various proposals accounting for the lack of magnetic effect on the topological Dirac surface state, which are mainly categorized into two pictures, magnetic reconfiguration and topological surface state redistribution. Band engineering towards opening a magnetic gap of topological surface states provides great opportunities to realize quantized topological transport and axion electrodynamics at higher temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wang
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering (SIQSE) and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Ma
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering (SIQSE) and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhanyang Hao
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering (SIQSE) and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yongqing Cai
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering (SIQSE) and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hongtao Rong
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering (SIQSE) and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Fayuan Zhang
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering (SIQSE) and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Weizhao Chen
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering (SIQSE) and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chengcheng Zhang
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering (SIQSE) and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Junhao Lin
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering (SIQSE) and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering (SIQSE) and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering (SIQSE) and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qihang Liu
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering (SIQSE) and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chaoyu Chen
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering (SIQSE) and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China
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10
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Xu R, Xu L, Liu Z, Yang L, Chen Y. ARPES investigation of the electronic structure and its evolution in magnetic topological insulator MnBi 2+2nTe 4+3n family. Natl Sci Rev 2024; 11:nwad313. [PMID: 38327664 PMCID: PMC10849349 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwad313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
In the past 5 years, there has been significant research interest in the intrinsic magnetic topological insulator family compounds MnBi2+2nTe4+3n (where n = 0, 1, 2 …). In particular, exfoliated thin films of MnBi2Te4 have led to numerous experimental breakthroughs, such as the quantum anomalous Hall effect, axion insulator phase and high-Chern number quantum Hall effect without Landau levels. However, despite extensive efforts, the energy gap of the topological surface states due to exchange magnetic coupling, which is a key feature of the characteristic band structure of the system, remains experimentally elusive. The electronic structure measured by using angle-resolved photoemission (ARPES) shows significant deviation from ab initio prediction and scanning tunneling spectroscopy measurements, making it challenging to understand the transport results based on the electronic structure. This paper reviews the measurements of the band structure of MnBi2+2nTe4+3n magnetic topological insulators using ARPES, focusing on the evolution of their electronic structures with temperature, surface and bulk doping and film thickness. The aim of the review is to construct a unified picture of the electronic structure of MnBi2+2nTe4+3n compounds and explore possible control of their topological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runzhe Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lixuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University and CAS-Shanghai Science Research Center, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Zhongkai Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University and CAS-Shanghai Science Research Center, Shanghai 201210, China
- ShanghaiTech Laboratory for Topological Physics, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Lexian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Beijing 100084, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yulin Chen
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University and CAS-Shanghai Science Research Center, Shanghai 201210, China
- ShanghaiTech Laboratory for Topological Physics, Shanghai 200031, China
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK
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11
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Hu C, Qian T, Ni N. Recent progress in MnBi 2nTe 3n+1 intrinsic magnetic topological insulators: crystal growth, magnetism and chemical disorder. Natl Sci Rev 2024; 11:nwad282. [PMID: 38213523 PMCID: PMC10776370 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwad282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The search for magnetic topological materials has been at the forefront of condensed matter research for their potential to host exotic states such as axion insulators, magnetic Weyl semimetals, Chern insulators, etc. To date, the MnBi2nTe3n+1 family is the only group of materials showcasing van der Waals-layered structures, intrinsic magnetism and non-trivial band topology without trivial bands at the Fermi level. The interplay between magnetism and band topology in this family has led to the proposal of various topological phenomena, including the quantum anomalous Hall effect, quantum spin Hall effect and quantum magnetoelectric effect. Among these, the quantum anomalous Hall effect has been experimentally observed at record-high temperatures, highlighting the unprecedented potential of this family of materials in fundamental science and technological innovation. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive review of the research progress in this intrinsic magnetic topological insulator family, with a focus on single-crystal growth, characterization of chemical disorder, manipulation of magnetism through chemical substitution and external pressure, and important questions that remain to be conclusively answered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaowei Hu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Tiema Qian
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ni Ni
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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12
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Han X, Yi HT, Oh S, Wu L. Magneto-optical Effects of an Artificially Layered Ferromagnetic Topological Insulator with a TC of 160 K. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:914-919. [PMID: 38190329 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Magnetic topological insulators are a fertile platform for studying the interplay between magnetism and topology. The unique electronic band structure can induce exotic transport and optical properties. However, a comprehensive optical study at both near-infrared and terahertz frequencies has been lacking. Here, we report magneto-optical effects from a heterostructure of a Cr-incorporated topological insulator, CBST. By measuring the magneto-optical Kerr effect, we observe a high temperature ferromagnetic transition (160 K) in the CBST film. We also use time-domain terahertz polarimetry to reveal a terahertz Faraday rotation of 1.5 mrad and a terahertz Kerr rotation of 3.6 mrad at 2 K. The calculated terahertz Hall conductance is 0.42 e2/h. Our work shows the optical responses of an artificially layered magnetic topological insulator, paving the way toward a high-temperature quantum anomalous Hall effect via heterostructure engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyue Han
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Hee Taek Yi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Seongshik Oh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Liang Wu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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13
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Hu X, He X, Guo Z, Kamiya T, Wu J. Antisite-Defects Control of Magnetic Properties in MnSb 2Te 4. ACS NANO 2024; 18:738-749. [PMID: 38127649 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c09064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The intrinsic magnetic topological materials Mn(Sb/Bi)2n+2Te3n+4 have attracted extensive attention due to their topological quantum properties. Although, the Mn-Sb/Bi antisite defects have been frequently reported to exert significant influences on both magnetism and band topology, their formation mechanism and the methods to manipulate their distribution and concentration remain elusive. Here, we present MnSb2Te4 as a typical example and demonstrate that Mn-Sb antisite defects and magnetism can be tuned by controlling the crystal growth conditions. The cooling rate is identified as the primary key parameter. Magnetization and chemical analysis demonstrate that a slower cooling rate would lead to a higher Mn concentration, a higher magnetic transition temperature, and a higher saturation moment. Further analysis indicates that the Mn content at the original Mn site (MnMn, 3a site) varies more significantly with the cooling rate than the Mn content at the Sb site (MnSb, 6c site). Based on experimental observations, magnetic phase diagrams regarding MnMn and MnSb concentrations are constructed. With the assistance of first-principles calculations, it is demonstrated that the Mn-Sb mixing states primarily result from the mixing entropy and the growth kinetics. The present findings offer valuable insights into defects engineering for preparation of two-dimensional quantum materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinmeng Hu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xinyi He
- MDX Research Center for Element Strategy, International Research Frontiers Initiative, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Zhilin Guo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Toshio Kamiya
- MDX Research Center for Element Strategy, International Research Frontiers Initiative, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Jiazhen Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Oxide Materials and Devices, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano-Porous Functional Materials, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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14
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Huang M, Green JC, Zhou J, Williams V, Li S, Lu H, Djugba D, Wang H, Flebus B, Ni N, Du CR. Layer-Dependent Magnetism and Spin Fluctuations in Atomically Thin van der Waals Magnet CrPS 4. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:8099-8105. [PMID: 37656017 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
van der Waals (vdW) magnets, an emerging family of two-dimensional (2D) materials, have received tremendous attention due to their rich fundamental physics and significant potential for cutting-edge technological applications. In contrast to the conventional bulk counterparts, vdW magnets exhibit significant tunability of local material properties, such as stacking engineered interlayer coupling and layer-number dependent magnetic and electronic interactions, which promise to deliver previously unavailable merits to develop multifunctional microelectronic devices. As a further ingredient of this emerging topic, here we report nanoscale quantum sensing and imaging of the atomically thin vdW magnet chromium thiophosphate CrPS4, revealing its characteristic layer-dependent 2D static magnetism and dynamic spin fluctuations. We also show a large tunneling magnetoresistance in CrPS4-based spin filter vdW heterostructures. The excellent material stability and robust strategy against environmental degradation in combination with tailored magnetic properties highlight the potential of CrPS4 in developing state-of-the-art 2D spintronic devices for next-generation information technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Huang
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Jazmine C Green
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Jingcheng Zhou
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Violet Williams
- Department of Physics, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Senlei Li
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Hanyi Lu
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Dziga Djugba
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Hailong Wang
- Center for Memory and Recording Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Benedetta Flebus
- Department of Physics, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Ni Ni
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Chunhui Rita Du
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Center for Memory and Recording Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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15
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Mvélé LB, Sasaki S, Latouche C, Deniard P, Janod E, Braems I, Jobic S, Cario L. Revisiting the Crystal Structure of Layered Oxychalcogenides Ln 2O 2S 2 (Ln = La, Pr, and Nd). Inorg Chem 2023; 62:7264-7272. [PMID: 37134090 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c00147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
La2O2S2 was recently used as a precursor to prepare either a new metastable form of La2O2S by de-insertion of half of sulfur atoms of (S2) dimers or quaternary compounds by insertion of a coinage metal (e.g., La2O2Cu2S2). A strong structural relationship exists between the polysulfide precursor and the synthesized products, which highlights the topochemical nature of these reactions. Nevertheless, the crystal structure of the precursor material is still a matter of debate. Namely, several structural models were reported so far in the literature with different space groups and/or crystal systems. All these models were built upon infinite [Ln2O2] slabs separated from each other by a flat sulfur layer of (S2) dumbbells. Nevertheless, all (S2) dimers within a given sulfur layer may rotate in phase by 90° compared to the ideal model that induces an overall atomic disorder in (S2) dimer orientation along the stacking axis. This leads to some imbroglio and much confusion in the description of structural arrangement of Ln2O2S2 materials. Herein, the crystal structures of La2O2S2 and its Pr and Nd variants are revisited. We propose an alternative model that reconciles pre-existing structural descriptions of Ln2O2S2 (Ln = La, Pr, and Nd) materials and highlights the strong dependency of the degree of long-range ordering of the sulfur layers on the synthesis conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis-Béni Mvélé
- Nantes Université, CNRS, Institut des Matériaux de Nantes Jean Rouxel, IMN, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Shunsuke Sasaki
- Nantes Université, CNRS, Institut des Matériaux de Nantes Jean Rouxel, IMN, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Camille Latouche
- Nantes Université, CNRS, Institut des Matériaux de Nantes Jean Rouxel, IMN, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Philippe Deniard
- Nantes Université, CNRS, Institut des Matériaux de Nantes Jean Rouxel, IMN, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Etienne Janod
- Nantes Université, CNRS, Institut des Matériaux de Nantes Jean Rouxel, IMN, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Isabelle Braems
- Nantes Université, CNRS, Institut des Matériaux de Nantes Jean Rouxel, IMN, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Stéphane Jobic
- Nantes Université, CNRS, Institut des Matériaux de Nantes Jean Rouxel, IMN, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Laurent Cario
- Nantes Université, CNRS, Institut des Matériaux de Nantes Jean Rouxel, IMN, F-44000 Nantes, France
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16
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Lin JY, Chen ZJ, Cao Z, Zeng J, Yang XB, Yao Y, Zhao YJ. Multiple Magnetic Topological Phases in the van der Waals Crystal Mn(Bi,Sb) 4Se 7. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:3913-3919. [PMID: 37074983 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic topological materials have drawn markedly attention recently due to the strong coupling of their novel topological properties and magnetic configurations. In particular, the MnBi2Te4/(Bi2Te3)n family highlights the researches of multiple magnetic topological materials. Via first-principles calculations, we predict that Mn(Bi, Sb)4Se7, the close relatives of MnBi2Te4/(Bi2Te3)n family, are topological nontrivival in both antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic configurations. In the antiferromagnetic ground state, Mn(Bi, Sb)4Se7 are simultaneously topological insulators and axion insulators. Massless Dirac surface states emerge on the surfaces parallel to the z axis. In ferromagnetic phases, they are axion insulators. Particularly, when the magnetization direction is along the x axis, they are also topological crystalline insulators. Mirror-symmetry-protected gapless surface states exist on the mirror-invariant surfaces. Hence, the behaviors of surface states are strongly dependent on the magnetization directions and surface orientations. Our work provides more opportunities for the study of magnetic topological physics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yi Lin
- Department of Physics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Jia Chen
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Zhipeng Cao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiarui Zeng
- Department of Physics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Bao Yang
- Department of Physics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Yao
- Department of Physics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Jun Zhao
- Department of Physics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
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17
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Liu Z, Wang L, Hong YL, Chen XQ, Cheng HM, Ren W. Two-dimensional superconducting MoSi 2N 4(MoN) 4n homologous compounds. Natl Sci Rev 2023; 10:nwac273. [PMID: 39104911 PMCID: PMC11299712 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwac273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The number and stacking order of layers are two important degrees of freedom that can modulate the properties of 2D van der Waals (vdW) materials. However, the layers' structures are essentially limited to the known layered 3D vdW materials. Recently, a new 2D vdW material, MoSi2N4, without known 3D counterparts, was synthesized by passivating the surface dangling bonds of non-layered 2D molybdenum nitride with elemental silicon, whose monolayer can be viewed as a monolayer MoN (-N-Mo-N-) sandwiched between two Si-N layers. This unique sandwich structure endows the MoSi2N4 monolayer with many fascinating properties and intriguing applications, and the surface-passivating growth method creates the possibility of tuning the layer's structure of 2D vdW materials. Here we synthesized a series of MoSi2N4(MoN)4n structures confined in the matrix of multilayer MoSi2N4. These super-thick monolayers are the homologous compounds of MoSi2N4, which can be viewed as multilayer MoN (Mo4n+1N4n+2) sandwiched between two Si-N layers. First-principles calculations show that MoSi2N4(MoN)4 monolayers have much higher Young's modulus than MoN, which is attributed to the strong Si-N bonds on the surface. Importantly, different from the semiconducting nature of the MoSi2N4 monolayer, the MoSi2N4(MoN)4 monolayer is identified as a superconductor with a transition temperature of 9.02 K. The discovery of MoSi2N4(MoN)4n structures not only expands the family of 2D materials but also brings a new degree of freedom to tailor the structure of 2D vdW materials, which may lead to unexpected novel properties and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibo Liu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal
Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang
110016, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal
Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang
110016, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and
Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yi-Lun Hong
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal
Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang
110016, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and
Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xing-Qiu Chen
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal
Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang
110016, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and
Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Hui-Ming Cheng
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal
Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang
110016, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and
Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wencai Ren
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal
Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang
110016, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and
Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China
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18
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Tcakaev A, Rubrecht B, Facio JI, Zabolotnyy VB, Corredor LT, Folkers LC, Kochetkova E, Peixoto TRF, Kagerer P, Heinze S, Bentmann H, Green RJ, Gargiani P, Valvidares M, Weschke E, Haverkort MW, Reinert F, van den Brink J, Büchner B, Wolter AUB, Isaeva A, Hinkov V. Intermixing-Driven Surface and Bulk Ferromagnetism in the Quantum Anomalous Hall Candidate MnBi 6 Te 10. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2203239. [PMID: 36802132 PMCID: PMC10074120 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202203239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The recent realizations of the quantum anomalous Hall effect (QAHE) in MnBi2 Te4 and MnBi4 Te7 benchmark the (MnBi2 Te4 )(Bi2 Te3 )n family as a promising hotbed for further QAHE improvements. The family owes its potential to its ferromagnetically (FM) ordered MnBi2 Te4 septuple layers (SLs). However, the QAHE realization is complicated in MnBi2 Te4 and MnBi4 Te7 due to the substantial antiferromagnetic (AFM) coupling between the SLs. An FM state, advantageous for the QAHE, can be stabilized by interlacing the SLs with an increasing number n of Bi2 Te3 quintuple layers (QLs). However, the mechanisms driving the FM state and the number of necessary QLs are not understood, and the surface magnetism remains obscure. Here, robust FM properties in MnBi6 Te10 (n = 2) with Tc ≈ 12 K are demonstrated and their origin is established in the Mn/Bi intermixing phenomenon by a combined experimental and theoretical study. The measurements reveal a magnetically intact surface with a large magnetic moment, and with FM properties similar to the bulk. This investigation thus consolidates the MnBi6 Te10 system as perspective for the QAHE at elevated temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul‐Vakhab Tcakaev
- Physikalisches Institut (EP‐IV)Universität WürzburgAm HublandD‐97074WürzburgGermany
- Würzburg‐Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmatGermany
| | - Bastian Rubrecht
- Leibniz Institut für Festkörper‐ und Werkstoffforschung (IFW) DresdenHelmholtzstraße 20D‐01069DresdenGermany
| | - Jorge I. Facio
- Leibniz Institut für Festkörper‐ und Werkstoffforschung (IFW) DresdenHelmholtzstraße 20D‐01069DresdenGermany
- Centro Atómico BarilocheInstituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología (CNEA‐CONICET) and Instituto Balseiro. Av. Bustillo 9500Bariloche8400Argentina
| | - Volodymyr B. Zabolotnyy
- Physikalisches Institut (EP‐IV)Universität WürzburgAm HublandD‐97074WürzburgGermany
- Würzburg‐Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmatGermany
| | - Laura T. Corredor
- Leibniz Institut für Festkörper‐ und Werkstoffforschung (IFW) DresdenHelmholtzstraße 20D‐01069DresdenGermany
| | - Laura C. Folkers
- Würzburg‐Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmatGermany
- Institut für Festkörper‐ und MaterialphysikTechnische Universität DresdenD‐01062DresdenGermany
| | - Ekaterina Kochetkova
- Leibniz Institut für Festkörper‐ und Werkstoffforschung (IFW) DresdenHelmholtzstraße 20D‐01069DresdenGermany
| | - Thiago R. F. Peixoto
- Würzburg‐Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmatGermany
- Physikalisches Institut (EP‐VII)Universität WürzburgAm HublandD‐97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Philipp Kagerer
- Würzburg‐Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmatGermany
- Physikalisches Institut (EP‐VII)Universität WürzburgAm HublandD‐97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Simon Heinze
- Institute for Theoretical PhysicsHeidelberg UniversityPhilosophenweg 1969120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Hendrik Bentmann
- Würzburg‐Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmatGermany
- Physikalisches Institut (EP‐VII)Universität WürzburgAm HublandD‐97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Robert J. Green
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Stewart Blusson Quantum Matter InstituteUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaV6T 1Z4Canada
- Department of Physics and Engineering PhysicsUniversity of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSKS7N 5E2Canada
| | - Pierluigi Gargiani
- ALBA Synchrotron Light SourceE‐08290 Cerdanyola del VallèsBarcelonaSpain
| | - Manuel Valvidares
- ALBA Synchrotron Light SourceE‐08290 Cerdanyola del VallèsBarcelonaSpain
| | - Eugen Weschke
- Helmholtz‐Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und EnergieAlbert‐Einstein‐Straße 15D‐12489BerlinGermany
| | - Maurits W. Haverkort
- Institute for Theoretical PhysicsHeidelberg UniversityPhilosophenweg 1969120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Friedrich Reinert
- Würzburg‐Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmatGermany
- Physikalisches Institut (EP‐VII)Universität WürzburgAm HublandD‐97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Jeroen van den Brink
- Würzburg‐Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmatGermany
- Leibniz Institut für Festkörper‐ und Werkstoffforschung (IFW) DresdenHelmholtzstraße 20D‐01069DresdenGermany
- Institut für Theoretische PhysikTechnische Universität DresdenD‐01062DresdenGermany
| | - Bernd Büchner
- Würzburg‐Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmatGermany
- Leibniz Institut für Festkörper‐ und Werkstoffforschung (IFW) DresdenHelmholtzstraße 20D‐01069DresdenGermany
- Institut für Festkörper‐ und MaterialphysikTechnische Universität DresdenD‐01062DresdenGermany
| | - Anja U. B. Wolter
- Würzburg‐Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmatGermany
- Leibniz Institut für Festkörper‐ und Werkstoffforschung (IFW) DresdenHelmholtzstraße 20D‐01069DresdenGermany
| | - Anna Isaeva
- Leibniz Institut für Festkörper‐ und Werkstoffforschung (IFW) DresdenHelmholtzstraße 20D‐01069DresdenGermany
- Van der Waals‐Zeeman InstituteDepartment of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 904Amsterdam1098 XHThe Netherlands
| | - Vladimir Hinkov
- Physikalisches Institut (EP‐IV)Universität WürzburgAm HublandD‐97074WürzburgGermany
- Würzburg‐Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmatGermany
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19
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Tan H, Yan B. Distinct Magnetic Gaps between Antiferromagnetic and Ferromagnetic Orders Driven by Surface Defects in the Topological Magnet MnBi_{2}Te_{4}. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:126702. [PMID: 37027867 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.126702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Many experiments observed a metallic behavior at zero magnetic fields (antiferromagnetic phase, AFM) in MnBi_{2}Te_{4} thin film transport, which coincides with gapless surface states observed by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, while it can become a Chern insulator at field larger than 6 T (ferromagnetic phase, FM). Thus, the zero-field surface magnetism was once speculated to be different from the bulk AFM phase. However, recent magnetic force microscopy refutes this assumption by detecting persistent AFM order on the surface. In this Letter, we propose a mechanism related to surface defects that can rationalize these contradicting observations in different experiments. We find that co-antisites (exchanging Mn and Bi atoms in the surface van der Waals layer) can strongly suppress the magnetic gap down to several meV in the AFM phase without violating the magnetic order but preserve the magnetic gap in the FM phase. The different gap sizes between AFM and FM phases are caused by the exchange interaction cancellation or collaboration of the top two van der Waals layers manifested by defect-induced surface charge redistribution among the top two van der Waals layers. This theory can be validated by the position- and field-dependent gap in future surface spectroscopy measurements. Our work suggests suppressing related defects in samples to realize the quantum anomalous Hall insulator or axion insulator at zero fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengxin Tan
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Binghai Yan
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
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20
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Yan C, Zhu Y, Miao L, Fernandez-Mulligan S, Green E, Mei R, Tan H, Yan B, Liu CX, Alem N, Mao Z, Yang S. Delicate Ferromagnetism in MnBi 6Te 10. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:9815-9822. [PMID: 36315185 PMCID: PMC9801432 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c02500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Tailoring magnetic orders in topological insulators is critical to the realization of topological quantum phenomena. An outstanding challenge is to find a material where atomic defects lead to tunable magnetic orders while maintaining a nontrivial topology. Here, by combining magnetization measurements, angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy, we reveal disorder-enabled, tunable magnetic ground states in MnBi6Te10. In the ferromagnetic phase, an energy gap of 15 meV is resolved at the Dirac point on the MnBi2Te4 termination. In contrast, antiferromagnetic MnBi6Te10 exhibits gapless topological surface states on all terminations. Transmission electron microscopy and magnetization measurements reveal substantial Mn vacancies and Mn migration in ferromagnetic MnBi6Te10. We provide a conceptual framework where a cooperative interplay of these defects drives a delicate change of overall magnetic ground state energies and leads to tunable magnetic topological orders. Our work provides a clear pathway for nanoscale defect-engineering toward the realization of topological quantum phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenhui Yan
- Pritzker
School of Molecular Engineering, University
of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois60637, United States
| | - Yanglin Zhu
- Department
of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, Pennsylvania16802, United States
| | - Leixin Miao
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, The
Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, Pennsylvania16802, United States
| | | | - Emanuel Green
- Pritzker
School of Molecular Engineering, University
of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois60637, United States
| | - Ruobing Mei
- Department
of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, Pennsylvania16802, United States
| | - Hengxin Tan
- Department
of Condensed Matter Physics, Weizmann Institute
of Science, Rehovot7610001, Israel
| | - Binghai Yan
- Department
of Condensed Matter Physics, Weizmann Institute
of Science, Rehovot7610001, Israel
| | - Chao-Xing Liu
- Department
of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, Pennsylvania16802, United States
| | - Nasim Alem
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, The
Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, Pennsylvania16802, United States
| | - Zhiqiang Mao
- Department
of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, Pennsylvania16802, United States
| | - Shuolong Yang
- Pritzker
School of Molecular Engineering, University
of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois60637, United States
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21
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Frolov AS, Usachov DY, Fedorov AV, Vilkov OY, Golyashov V, Tereshchenko OE, Bogomyakov AS, Kokh K, Muntwiler M, Amati M, Gregoratti L, Sirotina AP, Abakumov AM, Sánchez-Barriga J, Yashina LV. Ferromagnetic Layers in a Topological Insulator (Bi,Sb) 2Te 3 Crystal Doped with Mn. ACS NANO 2022; 16:20831-20841. [PMID: 36378602 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c08217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic topological insulators (MTIs) have recently become a subject of poignant interest; among them, Z2 topological insulators with magnetic moment ordering caused by embedded magnetic atoms attract special attention. In such systems, the case of magnetic anisotropy perpendicular to the surface that holds a topologically nontrivial surface state is the most intriguing one. Such materials demonstrate the quantum anomalous Hall effect, which manifests itself as chiral edge conduction channels that can be manipulated by switching the polarization of magnetic domains. In the present paper, we uncover the atomic structure of the bulk and the surface of Mn0.06Sb1.22Bi0.78Te3.06 in conjunction with its electronic and magnetic properties; this material is characterized by naturally formed ferromagnetic layers inside the insulating matrix, where the Fermi level is tuned to the bulk band gap. We found that in such mixed crystals septuple layers (SLs) of Mn(Bi,Sb)2Te4 form structures that feature three SLs, each of which is separated by two or three (Bi,Sb)2Te3 quintuple layers (QLs); such a structure possesses ferromagnetic properties. The surface obtained by cleavage includes terraces with different terminations. Manganese atoms preferentially occupy the central positions in the SLs and in a very small proportion can appear in the QLs, as indirectly indicated by a reshaped Dirac cone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S Frolov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, 119991Moscow, Russia
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Kosygina Street 4, 119991Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry Yu Usachov
- St. Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., 199034St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexander V Fedorov
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Elektronenspeicherring BESSY II, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489Berlin, Germany
| | - Oleg Yu Vilkov
- St. Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., 199034St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Vladimir Golyashov
- Novosibirsk State University, ul. Pirogova 2, 630090Novosibirsk, Russia
- Synchrotron Radiation Facility SKIF, Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, pr. Nikolsky 1, 630559Kol'tsovo, Russia
| | - Oleg E Tereshchenko
- Novosibirsk State University, ul. Pirogova 2, 630090Novosibirsk, Russia
- Synchrotron Radiation Facility SKIF, Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, pr. Nikolsky 1, 630559Kol'tsovo, Russia
| | - Artem S Bogomyakov
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS, Institutskaya, 3a, Novosibirsk630090, Russia
| | - Konstantin Kokh
- Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Koptyuga pr. 3, 630090Novosibirsk, Russia
- Kemerovo State University, Kemerovo, 650000, Russia
| | - Matthias Muntwiler
- Photon Science Division, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Matteo Amati
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A, Area Science Park, Strada Statale 14, Km 163.5, Basovizza, Trieste34149, Italy
| | - Luca Gregoratti
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A, Area Science Park, Strada Statale 14, Km 163.5, Basovizza, Trieste34149, Italy
| | - Anna P Sirotina
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Kosygina Street 4, 119991Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Nanotechnology of Microelectronics RAS, Nagatinskaya str., 16A/11, 115487Moscow, Russia
| | - Artem M Abakumov
- Center for Energy Science and Technology, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Nobel str. 3, 143026Moscow, Russia
| | - Jaime Sánchez-Barriga
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Elektronenspeicherring BESSY II, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489Berlin, Germany
- IMDEA Nanoscience, C/Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049Madrid, Spain
| | - Lada V Yashina
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, 119991Moscow, Russia
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Kosygina Street 4, 119991Moscow, Russia
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22
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Vyazovskaya AY, Petrov EK, Koroteev YM, Bosnar M, Silkin IV, Chulkov EV, Otrokov MM. Superlattices of Gadolinium and Bismuth Based Thallium Dichalcogenides as Potential Magnetic Topological Insulators. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 13:38. [PMID: 36615948 PMCID: PMC9824305 DOI: 10.3390/nano13010038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Using relativistic spin-polarized density functional theory calculations we investigate magnetism, electronic structure and topology of the ternary thallium gadolinium dichalcogenides TlGdZ2 (Z= Se and Te) as well as superlattices on their basis. We find TlGdZ2 to have an antiferromagnetic exchange coupling both within and between the Gd layers, which leads to frustration and a complex magnetic structure. The electronic structure calculations reveal both TlGdSe2 and TlGdTe2 to be topologically trivial semiconductors. However, as we show further, a three-dimensional (3D) magnetic topological insulator (TI) state can potentially be achieved by constructing superlattices of the TlGdZ2/(TlBiZ2)n type, in which structural units of TlGdZ2 are alternated with those of the isomorphic TlBiZ2 compounds, known to be non-magnetic 3D TIs. Our results suggest a new approach for achieving 3D magnetic TI phases in such superlattices which is applicable to a large family of thallium rare-earth dichalcogenides and is expected to yield a fertile and tunable playground for exotic topological physics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Yu. Vyazovskaya
- Laboratory of Nanostructured Surfaces and Coatings, Tomsk State University, Tomsk 634050, Russia
- Laboratory of Electronic and Spin Structure of Nanosystems, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 198504, Russia
| | - Evgeniy K. Petrov
- Laboratory of Nanostructured Surfaces and Coatings, Tomsk State University, Tomsk 634050, Russia
- Laboratory of Electronic and Spin Structure of Nanosystems, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 198504, Russia
| | - Yury M. Koroteev
- Laboratory of Electronic and Spin Structure of Nanosystems, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 198504, Russia
- Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science, Tomsk 634021, Russia
| | - Mihovil Bosnar
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain
- Departamento de Polímeros y Materiales Avanzados: Física, Química y Tecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, 20080 Donostia-San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Igor V. Silkin
- Laboratory of Nanostructured Surfaces and Coatings, Tomsk State University, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - Evgueni V. Chulkov
- Laboratory of Electronic and Spin Structure of Nanosystems, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 198504, Russia
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain
- Departamento de Polímeros y Materiales Avanzados: Física, Química y Tecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, 20080 Donostia-San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Mikhail M. Otrokov
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CFM-MPC), Centro Mixto CSIC-UPV/EHU, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48011 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
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23
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Xu X, Yang S, Wang H, Guzman R, Gao Y, Zhu Y, Peng Y, Zang Z, Xi M, Tian S, Li Y, Lei H, Luo Z, Yang J, Wang Y, Xia T, Zhou W, Huang Y, Ye Y. Ferromagnetic-antiferromagnetic coexisting ground state and exchange bias effects in MnBi 4Te 7 and MnBi 6Te 10. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7646. [PMID: 36496444 PMCID: PMC9741634 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35184-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural superlattice structures MnBi2Te4(Bi2Te3)n (n = 1, 2, ...), in which magnetic MnBi2Te4 layers are separated by nonmagnetic Bi2Te3 layers, hold band topology, magnetism and reduced interlayer coupling, providing a promising platform for the realization of exotic topological quantum states. However, their magnetism in the two-dimensional limit, which is crucial for further exploration of quantum phenomena, remains elusive. Here, complex ferromagnetic-antiferromagnetic coexisting ground states that persist down to the 2-septuple layers limit are observed and comprehensively investigated in MnBi4Te7 (n = 1) and MnBi6Te10 (n = 2). The ubiquitous Mn-Bi site mixing modifies or even changes the sign of the subtle interlayer magnetic interactions, yielding a spatially inhomogeneous interlayer coupling. Further, a tunable exchange bias effect, arising from the coupling between the ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic components in the ground state, is observed in MnBi2Te4(Bi2Te3)n (n = 1, 2), which provides design principles and material platforms for future spintronic devices. Our work highlights a new approach toward the fine-tuning of magnetism and paves the way for further study of quantum phenomena in MnBi2Te4(Bi2Te3)n (n = 1, 2) as well as their magnetic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics, MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-Dimensional Quantum Structure and Devices, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Shiqi Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Functional Materials & Micro-Nano Devices, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Roger Guzman
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yuchen Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yaozheng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yuxuan Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zhihao Zang
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Ming Xi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Functional Materials & Micro-Nano Devices, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Shangjie Tian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Functional Materials & Micro-Nano Devices, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Yanping Li
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Hechang Lei
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Functional Materials & Micro-Nano Devices, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
- Laboratory for Neutron Scattering, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Zhaochu Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jinbo Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yeliang Wang
- School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics, MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-Dimensional Quantum Structure and Devices, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Tianlong Xia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Functional Materials & Micro-Nano Devices, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China.
| | - Wu Zhou
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- CAS Centre for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Yuan Huang
- School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics, MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-Dimensional Quantum Structure and Devices, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Yu Ye
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, 100871, China.
- Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Peking University, Nantong, 226010, Jiangsu, China.
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24
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Xi M, Chen F, Gong C, Tian S, Yin Q, Qian T, Lei H. Relationship between Antisite Defects, Magnetism, and Band Topology in MnSb 2Te 4 Crystals with TC ≈ 40 K. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:10897-10904. [PMID: 36394448 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
MnSb2Te4 has attracted extensive attention because of its rich and adjustable magnetic properties. Here, using a modified crystal growth method, ferrimagnetic MnSb2Te4 crystals with enhanced Curie temperature (TC) of about 40 K with dominant hole-type carriers and intrinsic anomalous Hall effect is obtained. Time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy reveals that surface states are absent in both antiferromagnetic and ferrimagnetic MnSb2Te4, implying that they have topologically trivial electronic structures. We propose that the enhancement of ferrimagnetism mainly originates from the increase of intralayer magnetic coupling caused by the decrease of Sb content at Mn sites when the decrease of Mn concentration at Sb sites would prefer the nontrival band topology. Moreover, it is known that the initial saturation moment (Mis) is sensitive to the concentrations of Mn/Sb antisite defects; thus, the Mis could be a valuable parameter to evaluate the magnetic and topological properties of MnX2nTe3n+1 (X = Bi, Sb) families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Xi
- Laboratory for Neutron Scattering, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Functional Materials MicroNano Devices, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Famin Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 10049, China
| | - Chunsheng Gong
- Laboratory for Neutron Scattering, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Functional Materials MicroNano Devices, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Shangjie Tian
- Laboratory for Neutron Scattering, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Functional Materials MicroNano Devices, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Qiangwei Yin
- Laboratory for Neutron Scattering, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Functional Materials MicroNano Devices, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Tian Qian
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 10049, China
| | - Hechang Lei
- Laboratory for Neutron Scattering, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Functional Materials MicroNano Devices, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
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25
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Singh B, Lin H, Bansil A. Topology and Symmetry in Quantum Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022:e2201058. [PMID: 36414399 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202201058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Interest in topological materials continues to grow unabated in view of their conceptual novelties as well as their potential as platforms for transformational new technologies. Electronic states in a topological material are robust against perturbations and support unconventional electromagnetic responses. The first-principles band-theory paradigm has been a key player in the field by providing successful prediction of many new classes of topological materials. This perspective presents a cross section through the recent work on understanding the role of geometry and topology in generating topological states and their responses to external stimuli, and as a basis for connecting theory and experiment within the band theory framework. In this work, effective strategies for topological materials discovery and impactful directions for future topological materials research are also commented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahadur Singh
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, 400005, India
| | - Hsin Lin
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Arun Bansil
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
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26
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Liu WL, Zhang X, Nie SM, Liu ZT, Sun XY, Wang HY, Ding JY, Jiang Q, Sun L, Xue FH, Huang Z, Su H, Yang YC, Jiang ZC, Lu XL, Yuan J, Cho S, Liu JS, Liu ZH, Ye M, Zhang SL, Weng HM, Liu Z, Guo YF, Wang ZJ, Shen DW. Spontaneous Ferromagnetism Induced Topological Transition in EuB_{6}. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:166402. [PMID: 36306743 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.166402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The interplay between various symmetries and electronic bands topology is one of the core issues for topological quantum materials. Spontaneous magnetism, which leads to the breaking of time-reversal symmetry, has been proven to be a powerful approach to trigger various exotic topological phases. In this Letter, utilizing the combination of angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, magneto-optical Kerr effect microscopy, and first-principles calculations, we present the direct evidence on the realization of the long-sought spontaneous ferromagnetism induced topological transition in soft ferromagnetic EuB_{6}. Explicitly, we reveal the topological transition is from Z_{2}=1 topological insulator in paramagnetic state to χ=1 magnetic topological semimetal in low temperature ferromagnetic state. Our results demonstrate that the simple band structure near the Fermi level and rich topological phases make EuB_{6} an ideal platform to study the topological phase physics.
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Affiliation(s)
- W L Liu
- Center for Excellence in Superconducting Electronics, State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - X Zhang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - S M Nie
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Z T Liu
- Center for Excellence in Superconducting Electronics, State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - X Y Sun
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - H Y Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - J Y Ding
- Center for Excellence in Superconducting Electronics, State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Q Jiang
- Center for Excellence in Superconducting Electronics, State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - L Sun
- School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - F H Xue
- School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Z Huang
- Center for Excellence in Superconducting Electronics, State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - H Su
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Y C Yang
- Center for Excellence in Superconducting Electronics, State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Z C Jiang
- Center for Excellence in Superconducting Electronics, State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - X L Lu
- Center for Excellence in Superconducting Electronics, State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - J Yuan
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Soohyun Cho
- Center for Excellence in Superconducting Electronics, State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - J S Liu
- Center for Excellence in Superconducting Electronics, State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Z H Liu
- Center for Excellence in Superconducting Electronics, State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - M Ye
- Center for Excellence in Superconducting Electronics, State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - S L Zhang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - H M Weng
- Institute of Physics and Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Z Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Y F Guo
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Z J Wang
- Institute of Physics and Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - D W Shen
- Center for Excellence in Superconducting Electronics, State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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27
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Qian T, Emmanouilidou E, Hu C, Green JC, Mazin II, Ni N. Unconventional Pressure-Driven Metamagnetic Transitions in Topological van der Waals Magnets. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:5523-5529. [PMID: 35731986 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c01680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Activating metamagnetic transitions between ordered states in van der Waals magnets and devices bring great opportunities in spintronics. We show that external pressure, which enhances the interlayer hopping without introducing chemical disorders, triggers multiple metamagnetic transitions upon cooling in the topological van der Waals magnets Mn(Bi1-xSbx)4Te7, where the antiferromagnetic interlayer superexchange coupling competes with the ferromagnetic interlayer coupling mediated by the antisite Mn spins. The temperature-pressure phase diagrams reveal that while the ordering temperature from the paramagnetic to ordered states is almost pressure-independent, the metamagnetic transitions show nontrivial pressure and temperature dependence, even re-entrance. For these highly anisotropic magnets, we attribute the former to the ordering temperature being only weakly dependent on the intralayer parameters and the latter to the parametrically different pressure and temperature dependence of the two interlayer couplings. Our independent probing of these disparate magnetic interactions paves an avenue for efficient magnetic manipulations in van der Waals magnets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiema Qian
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Eve Emmanouilidou
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Chaowei Hu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Jazmine C Green
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Igor I Mazin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia 22030, United States
- Quantum Science and Engineering Center, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia 22030, United States
| | - Ni Ni
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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28
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Xu HK, Gu M, Fei F, Gu YS, Liu D, Yu QY, Xue SS, Ning XH, Chen B, Xie H, Zhu Z, Guan D, Wang S, Li Y, Liu C, Liu Q, Song F, Zheng H, Jia J. Observation of Magnetism-Induced Topological Edge State in Antiferromagnetic Topological Insulator MnBi 4Te 7. ACS NANO 2022; 16:9810-9818. [PMID: 35695549 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c03622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Breaking time reversal symmetry in a topological insulator may lead to quantum anomalous Hall effect and axion insulator phase. MnBi4Te7 is a recently discovered antiferromagnetic topological insulator with TN ∼ 12.5 K, which is composed of an alternatively stacked magnetic layer (MnBi2Te4) and nonmagnetic layer (Bi2Te3). By means of scanning tunneling spectroscopy, we clearly observe the electronic state present at a step edge of a magnetic MnBi2Te4 layer but absent at nonmagnetic Bi2Te3 layers at 4.5 K. Furthermore, we find that as the temperature rises above TN the edge state vanishes, while the point defect induced state persists upon an increase in temperature. These results confirm the observation of magnetism-induced edge states. Our analysis based on an axion insulator theory reveals that the nontrivial topological nature of the observed edge state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Ke Xu
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Mingqiang Gu
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Fucong Fei
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, and College of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yi-Sheng Gu
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Dang Liu
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Qiao-Yan Yu
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Sha-Sha Xue
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xu-Hui Ning
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Zhiyuan College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Bo Chen
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, and College of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Hangkai Xie
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, and College of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Zhen Zhu
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Dandan Guan
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shiyong Wang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yaoyi Li
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Canhua Liu
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Qihang Liu
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Fengqi Song
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, and College of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Hao Zheng
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jinfeng Jia
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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29
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Liang A, Chen C, Zheng H, Xia W, Huang K, Wei L, Yang H, Chen Y, Zhang X, Xu X, Wang M, Guo Y, Yang L, Liu Z, Chen Y. Approaching a Minimal Topological Electronic Structure in Antiferromagnetic Topological Insulator MnBi 2Te 4 via Surface Modification. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:4307-4314. [PMID: 35604392 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c04930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The topological electronic structure plays a central role in the nontrivial physical properties in topological quantum materials. A minimal, "hydrogen-atom-like" topological electronic structure is desired for research. In this work, we demonstrate an effort toward the realization of such a system in the intrinsic magnetic topological insulator MnBi2Te4, by manipulating the topological surface state (TSS) via surface modification. Using high resolution laser- and synchrotron-based angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES), we found the TSS in MnBi2Te4 is heavily hybridized with a trivial Rashba-type surface state (RSS), which could be efficiently removed by the in situ surface potassium (K) dosing. By employing multiple experimental methods to characterize K dosed surface, we attribute such a modification to the electrochemical reactions of K clusters on the surface. Our work not only gives a clear band assignment in MnBi2Te4 but also provides possible new routes in accentuating the topological behavior in the magnetic topological quantum materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiji Liang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- ShanghaiTech Laboratory for Topological Physics, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, U.K
| | - Huijun Zheng
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Wei Xia
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- ShanghaiTech Laboratory for Topological Physics, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Kui Huang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Liyang Wei
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Haifeng Yang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yujie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Xuguang Xu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- ShanghaiTech Laboratory for Topological Physics, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Meixiao Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- ShanghaiTech Laboratory for Topological Physics, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yanfeng Guo
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- ShanghaiTech Laboratory for Topological Physics, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Lexian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhongkai Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- ShanghaiTech Laboratory for Topological Physics, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yulin Chen
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- ShanghaiTech Laboratory for Topological Physics, Shanghai 200031, China
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, U.K
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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30
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Li G, Ma S, Li Z, Zhang Y, Diao J, Xia L, Zhang Z, Huang Y. High-Quality Ferromagnet Fe 3GeTe 2 for High-Efficiency Electromagnetic Wave Absorption and Shielding with Wideband Radar Cross Section Reduction. ACS NANO 2022; 16:7861-7879. [PMID: 35467351 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c00512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A high-quality Fe3GeTe2 single crystal with good electrical, magnetic, and electromagnetic wave absorption and shielding properties was prepared in a large quantity (10 g level) by solid-phase sintering and recrystallization method, which would promote its in-depth research and practical application. It has good room-temperature electrical properties with a mobility of 42 cm2/V·s, a sheet (bulk) carrier concentration of +1.64 × 1018 /cm2 (+3.28 × 1020 /cm3), and a conductivity of 2196.35 S/cm. Also, a Curie temperature of 238 K indicates the high magnetic transition temperature and a paramagnetic Curie temperature of 301 K shows the large ferromagnetic-paramagnetic transition zone induced by the residual short-range ferromagnetic domains. Particularly, Fe3GeTe2 is in a loosely packed state when used as a loss agent; the electromagnetic wave absorption with a reflection loss of -34.7 dB at 3.66 GHz under thin thickness was shown. Meanwhile, the absorption band can be effectively regulated by varying the thickness. Moreover, Fe3GeTe2 in a close-packed state exhibits terahertz shielding values of 75.1 and 103.2 dB at very thin thicknesses of 70 and 380 μm, and the average shielding value is higher than 47 dB, covering the entire bandwidth from 0.1 to 3.0 THz. Furthermore, by using Fe3GeTe2 as a patch, the wideband radar cross-section can be effectively reduced by up to 33 dBsm. Resultantly, Fe3GeTe2 will be a promising candidate in the electromagnetic protection field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghao Li
- National Institute for Advanced Materials, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metal and Molecule Based Material Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Suping Ma
- National Institute for Advanced Materials, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metal and Molecule Based Material Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Zhuo Li
- National Institute for Advanced Materials, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metal and Molecule Based Material Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Yawen Zhang
- National Institute for Advanced Materials, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metal and Molecule Based Material Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Jianglin Diao
- National Institute for Advanced Materials, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metal and Molecule Based Material Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Lun Xia
- National Institute for Advanced Materials, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metal and Molecule Based Material Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Zhiwei Zhang
- National Institute for Advanced Materials, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metal and Molecule Based Material Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Yi Huang
- National Institute for Advanced Materials, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metal and Molecule Based Material Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
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31
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Rodriguez-Vega M, Lin ZX, Leonardo A, Ernst A, Vergniory MG, Fiete GA. Light-Driven Topological and Magnetic Phase Transitions in Thin Layer Antiferromagnets. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:4152-4158. [PMID: 35507411 PMCID: PMC9109223 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
We theoretically study the effect of low-frequency light pulses in resonance with phonons in the topological and magnetically ordered two-septuple layer (2-SL) MnBi2Te4 (MBT) and MnSb2Te4 (MST). These materials share symmetry properties and an antiferromagnetic ground state in pristine form but present different magnetic exchange interactions. In both materials, shear and breathing Raman phonons can be excited via nonlinear interactions with photoexcited infrared phonons using intense laser pulses that can be attained in the current experimental setups. The light-induced transient lattice distortions lead to a change in the sign of the effective interlayer exchange interaction and magnetic order accompanied by a topological band transition. Furthermore, we show that moderate antisite disorder, typically present in MBT and MST samples, can facilitate such an effect. Therefore, our work establishes 2-SL MBT and MST as candidate platforms for achieving non-equilibrium magneto-topological phase transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Rodriguez-Vega
- Theoretical
Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Ze-Xun Lin
- Department
of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Department
of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Aritz Leonardo
- Donostia
International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain
- EHU
Quantum Center, University of the Basque
Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Arthur Ernst
- Institut
für Theoretische Physik, Johannes
Kepler Universität, A 4040 Linz, Austria
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Mikrostrukturphysik, Weinberg 2, D-06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Maia G. Vergniory
- Donostia
International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain
- Max
Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Dresden D-01187, Germany
| | - Gregory A. Fiete
- Department
of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Department
of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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32
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Lujan D, Choe J, Rodriguez-Vega M, Ye Z, Leonardo A, Nunley TN, Chang LJ, Lee SF, Yan J, Fiete GA, He R, Li X. Magnons and magnetic fluctuations in atomically thin MnBi2Te4. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2527. [PMID: 35534477 PMCID: PMC9085848 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29996-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Electron band topology is combined with intrinsic magnetic orders in MnBi2Te4, leading to novel quantum phases. Here we investigate collective spin excitations (i.e. magnons) and spin fluctuations in atomically thin MnBi2Te4 flakes using Raman spectroscopy. In a two-septuple layer with non-trivial topology, magnon characteristics evolve as an external magnetic field tunes the ground state through three ordered phases: antiferromagnet, canted antiferromagnet, and ferromagnet. The Raman selection rules are determined by both the crystal symmetry and magnetic order while the magnon energy is determined by different interaction terms. Using non-interacting spin-wave theory, we extract the spin-wave gap at zero magnetic field, an anisotropy energy, and interlayer exchange in bilayers. We also find magnetic fluctuations increase with reduced thickness, which may contribute to a less robust magnetic order in single layers. MnBi2Te4, referred to as MBT, is a van der Waals material combining topological electron bands with magnetic order. Here, Lujan et al study collective spin excitations in MBT, and show that magnetic fluctuations increase as samples reduce in thickness, implying less robust magnetic order.
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33
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Progress and prospects in magnetic topological materials. Nature 2022; 603:41-51. [PMID: 35236973 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-04105-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic topological materials represent a class of compounds with properties that are strongly influenced by the topology of their electronic wavefunctions coupled with the magnetic spin configuration. Such materials can support chiral electronic channels of perfect conduction, and can be used for an array of applications, from information storage and control to dissipationless spin and charge transport. Here we review the theoretical and experimental progress achieved in the field of magnetic topological materials, beginning with the theoretical prediction of the quantum anomalous Hall effect without Landau levels, and leading to the recent discoveries of magnetic Weyl semimetals and antiferromagnetic topological insulators. We outline recent theoretical progress that has resulted in the tabulation of, for the first time, all magnetic symmetry group representations and topology. We describe several experiments realizing Chern insulators, Weyl and Dirac magnetic semimetals, and an array of axionic and higher-order topological phases of matter, and we survey future perspectives.
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34
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Evidence of magnetism-induced topological protection in the axion insulator candidate EuSn 2P 2. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:2116575119. [PMID: 35042814 PMCID: PMC8795521 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2116575119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We unravel the interplay of topological properties and the layered (anti)ferromagnetic ordering in EuSn2P2, using spin and chemical selective electron and X-ray spectroscopies supported by first-principle calculations. We reveal the presence of in-plane long-range ferromagnetic order triggering topological invariants and resulting in the multiple protection of topological Dirac states. We provide clear evidence that layer-dependent spin-momentum locking coexists with ferromagnetism in this material, a cohabitation that promotes EuSn2P2 as a prime candidate axion insulator for topological antiferromagnetic spintronics applications.
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35
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Atomically Thin 2D van der Waals Magnetic Materials: Fabrications, Structure, Magnetic Properties and Applications. COATINGS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings12020122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) magnetic materials are considered to be ideal candidates for the fabrication of spintronic devices because of their low dimensionality, allowing the quantization of electronic states and more degrees of freedom for device modulation. With the discovery of few-layer Cr2Ge2Te6 and monolayer CrI3 ferromagnets, the magnetism of 2D vdW materials is becoming a research focus in the fields of material science and physics. In theory, taking the Heisenberg model with finite-range exchange interactions as an example, low dimensionality and ferromagnetism are in competition. In other words, it is difficult for 2D materials to maintain their magnetism. However, the introduction of anisotropy in 2D magnetic materials enables the realization of long-range ferromagnetic order in atomically layered materials, which may offer new effective means for the design of 2D ferromagnets with high Curie temperature. Herein, current advances in the field of 2D vdW magnetic crystals, as well as intrinsic and induced ferromagnetism or antiferromagnetism, physical properties, device fabrication, and potential applications, are briefly summarized and discussed.
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36
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Wimmer S, Sánchez-Barriga J, Küppers P, Ney A, Schierle E, Freyse F, Caha O, Michalička J, Liebmann M, Primetzhofer D, Hoffman M, Ernst A, Otrokov MM, Bihlmayer G, Weschke E, Lake B, Chulkov EV, Morgenstern M, Bauer G, Springholz G, Rader O. Mn-Rich MnSb 2 Te 4 : A Topological Insulator with Magnetic Gap Closing at High Curie Temperatures of 45-50 K. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2102935. [PMID: 34469013 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202102935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ferromagnetic topological insulators exhibit the quantum anomalous Hall effect, which is potentially useful for high-precision metrology, edge channel spintronics, and topological qubits. The stable 2+ state of Mn enables intrinsic magnetic topological insulators. MnBi2 Te4 is, however, antiferromagnetic with 25 K Néel temperature and is strongly n-doped. In this work, p-type MnSb2 Te4 , previously considered topologically trivial, is shown to be a ferromagnetic topological insulator for a few percent Mn excess. i) Ferromagnetic hysteresis with record Curie temperature of 45-50 K, ii) out-of-plane magnetic anisotropy, iii) a 2D Dirac cone with the Dirac point close to the Fermi level, iv) out-of-plane spin polarization as revealed by photoelectron spectroscopy, and v) a magnetically induced bandgap closing at the Curie temperature, demonstrated by scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS), are shown. Moreover, a critical exponent of the magnetization β ≈ 1 is found, indicating the vicinity of a quantum critical point. Ab initio calculations reveal that Mn-Sb site exchange provides the ferromagnetic interlayer coupling and the slight excess of Mn nearly doubles the Curie temperature. Remaining deviations from the ferromagnetic order open the inverted bulk bandgap and render MnSb2 Te4 a robust topological insulator and new benchmark for magnetic topological insulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Wimmer
- Institut für Halbleiter- und Festkörperphysik, Johannes Kepler Universität, Altenberger Straße 69, Linz, 4040, Austria
| | - Jaime Sánchez-Barriga
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Küppers
- II. Institute of Physics B and JARA-FIT, RWTH Aachen Unversity, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Andreas Ney
- Institut für Halbleiter- und Festkörperphysik, Johannes Kepler Universität, Altenberger Straße 69, Linz, 4040, Austria
| | - Enrico Schierle
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Friedrich Freyse
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 12489, Berlin, Germany
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24/25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Ondrej Caha
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 267/2, Brno, 61137, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Michalička
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, Brno, 612 00, Czech Republic
| | - Marcus Liebmann
- II. Institute of Physics B and JARA-FIT, RWTH Aachen Unversity, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Daniel Primetzhofer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Universitet Uppsala, Lägerhyddsvägen 1, Uppsala, 75120, Sweden
| | - Martin Hoffman
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Johannes Kepler Universität, Altenberger Straße 69, Linz, 4040, Austria
| | - Arthur Ernst
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Johannes Kepler Universität, Altenberger Straße 69, Linz, 4040, Austria
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Mikhail M Otrokov
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CFM-MPC), Centro Mixto CSIC-UPV/EHU, San Sebastián/Donostia, 20018, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, 48011, Spain
| | - Gustav Bihlmayer
- Peter Grünberg Institut and Institute for Advanced Simulation, Forschungszentrum Jülich and JARA, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Eugen Weschke
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bella Lake
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Evgueni V Chulkov
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), San Sebastián/Donostia, 20018, Spain
- Departamento de Polímeros y Materiales Avanzados: Física, Química y Tecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, San Sebastián/Donostia, 20080, Spain
- Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, 198504, Russia
- Tomsk State University, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
| | - Markus Morgenstern
- II. Institute of Physics B and JARA-FIT, RWTH Aachen Unversity, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Günther Bauer
- Institut für Halbleiter- und Festkörperphysik, Johannes Kepler Universität, Altenberger Straße 69, Linz, 4040, Austria
| | - Gunther Springholz
- Institut für Halbleiter- und Festkörperphysik, Johannes Kepler Universität, Altenberger Straße 69, Linz, 4040, Austria
| | - Oliver Rader
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 12489, Berlin, Germany
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Xia B, Gao D, Xue D. Ferromagnetism of two-dimensional transition metal chalcogenides: both theoretical and experimental investigations. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:12772-12787. [PMID: 34477766 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr02967c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, with the fast development of integrated circuit electronic devices and technologies, it has become urgent to improve the density of data storage and lower the energy losses of devices. Under these circumstances, two-dimensional (2D) materials, which have a smaller size and lower energy loss compared with bulk materials, are becoming ideal candidates for future spintronic devices. Among them, 2D transition metal chalcogenides (TMCs), which have excellent electronic and optical properties, have attracted great attention from researchers. However, most of them are intrinsically non-magnetic, which severely hinders their further applications in spintronics. Therefore, introducing intrinsic room-temperature ferromagnetism into 2D TMC materials has become an important issue in spintronics. In this work, we review the introduction of intrinsic ferromagnetism into typical 2D TMCs using various strategies, such as defect engineering, doping with transition metal elements, and phase transfer. Additionally, we found that their ferromagnetism could be adjusted via changing the experimental conditions, such as the nucleation temperature, ion irradiation dose, doping amount, and phase ratio. Finally, we provide some insight into prospective solutions for introducing ferromagnetism into 2D TMCs, hoping to shed some light on future spintronics development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baorui Xia
- Key Laboratory of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of the Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, 730000, Lanzhou, China.
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38
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Bhattacharyya S, Akhgar G, Gebert M, Karel J, Edmonds MT, Fuhrer MS. Recent Progress in Proximity Coupling of Magnetism to Topological Insulators. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2007795. [PMID: 34185344 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202007795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Inducing long-range magnetic order in 3D topological insulators can gap the Dirac-like metallic surface states, leading to exotic new phases such as the quantum anomalous Hall effect or the axion insulator state. These magnetic topological phases can host robust, dissipationless charge and spin currents or unique magnetoelectric behavior, which can be exploited in low-energy electronics and spintronics applications. Although several different strategies have been successfully implemented to realize these states, to date these phenomena have been confined to temperatures below a few Kelvin. This review focuses on one strategy: inducing magnetic order in topological insulators by proximity of magnetic materials, which has the capability for room temperature operation, unlocking the potential of magnetic topological phases for applications. The unique advantages of this strategy, the important physical mechanisms facilitating magnetic proximity effect, and the recent progress to achieve, understand, and harness proximity-coupled magnetic order in topological insulators are discussed. Some emerging new phenomena and applications enabled by proximity coupling of magnetism and topological materials, such as skyrmions and the topological Hall effect, are also highlighted, and the authors conclude with an outlook on remaining challenges and opportunities in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semonti Bhattacharyya
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Victoria, 3800, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies, Monash University, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Golrokh Akhgar
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Victoria, 3800, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies, Monash University, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Matthew Gebert
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Victoria, 3800, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies, Monash University, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Julie Karel
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies, Monash University, Victoria, 3800, Australia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Mark T Edmonds
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Victoria, 3800, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies, Monash University, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Michael S Fuhrer
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Victoria, 3800, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies, Monash University, Victoria, 3800, Australia
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39
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Yao X, Yi HT, Jain D, Han MG, Oh S. Spacer-Layer-Tunable Magnetism and High-Field Topological Hall Effect in Topological Insulator Heterostructures. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:5914-5919. [PMID: 34265206 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c00668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Controlling magnetic order in magnetic topological insulators (MTIs) is a key to developing spintronic applications with MTIs and is commonly achieved by changing the magnetic doping concentration, which inevitably affects the spin-orbit coupling strength and the topological properties. Here, we demonstrate tunable magnetic properties in topological heterostructures over a wide range, from a ferromagnetic phase with a Curie temperature of around 100 K all the way to a paramagnetic phase, while keeping the overall chemical composition the same, by controlling the thickness of nonmagnetic spacer layers between two atomically thin magnetic layers. This work showcases that spacer-layer control is a powerful tool to manipulate magneto-topological functionalities in MTI heterostructures. Furthermore, the interaction between the MTI and the Cr2O3 buffer layers also leads to a robust topological Hall effect surviving up to a record-high 6 T of magnetic field, shedding light on the critical role of interfacial layers in thin-film topological materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Yao
- Center for Quantum Materials Synthesis and Department of Physics & Astronomy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Hee Taek Yi
- Center for Quantum Materials Synthesis and Department of Physics & Astronomy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Deepti Jain
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Myung-Geun Han
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Seongshik Oh
- Center for Quantum Materials Synthesis and Department of Physics & Astronomy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
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40
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Zhong H, Bao C, Wang H, Li J, Yin Z, Xu Y, Duan W, Xia TL, Zhou S. Light-Tunable Surface State and Hybridization Gap in Magnetic Topological Insulator MnBi 8Te 13. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:6080-6086. [PMID: 34242038 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c01448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
MnBi8Te13 is an intrinsic ferromagnetic (FM) topological insulator with different complex surface terminations. Resolving the electronic structures of different termination surfaces and manipulation of the electronic state are important. Here, by using micrometer spot time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (μ-TrARPES), we resolve the electronic structures and reveal the ultrafast dynamics upon photoexcitation. Photoinduced filling of the surface state hybridization gap is observed for the Bi2Te3 quintuple layer directly above MnBi2Te4 accompanied by a nontrivial shift of the surface state, suggesting light-tunable interlayer interaction. Relaxation of photoexcited electrons and holes is observed within 1-2 ps. Our work reveals photoexcitation as a potential control knob for tailoring the interlayer interaction and surface state of MnBi8Te13.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyuan Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Changhua Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Huan Wang
- Department of Physics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Opto-electronic Functional Materials and Micro-nano Devices, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, P. R. China
| | - Jiaheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Zichen Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Wenhui Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Tian-Long Xia
- Department of Physics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Opto-electronic Functional Materials and Micro-nano Devices, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, P. R. China
| | - Shuyun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
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41
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Choe J, Lujan D, Rodriguez-Vega M, Ye Z, Leonardo A, Quan J, Nunley TN, Chang LJ, Lee SF, Yan J, Fiete GA, He R, Li X. Electron-Phonon and Spin-Lattice Coupling in Atomically Thin Layers of MnBi 2Te 4. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:6139-6145. [PMID: 34252281 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c01719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
MnBi2Te4 represents a new class of magnetic topological insulators in which novel quantum phases emerge at temperatures higher than those found in magnetically doped thin films. Here, we investigate how couplings between electron, spin, and lattice are manifested in the phonon spectra of few-septuple-layer thick MnBi2Te4. After categorizing phonon modes by their symmetries, we study the systematic changes in frequency, line width, and line shape of a spectrally isolated A1g mode. The electron-phonon coupling increases in thinner flakes as manifested in a broader phonon line width, which is likely due to changes of the electron density of states. In 4- and 5-septuple thick samples, the onset of magnetic order below the Néel temperature is concurrent with a transition to an insulating state. We observe signatures of a reduced electron-phonon scattering across this transition as reflected in the reduced Fano parameter. Finally, spin-lattice coupling is measured and modeled from temperature-dependent phonon frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongheon Choe
- Department of Physics, Center of Complex Quantum Systems, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712 United States
- Center for Dynamics and Control of Materials, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - David Lujan
- Department of Physics, Center of Complex Quantum Systems, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712 United States
- Center for Dynamics and Control of Materials, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Martin Rodriguez-Vega
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Zhipeng Ye
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - Aritz Leonardo
- Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain
- Department of Physics, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Jiamin Quan
- Department of Physics, Center of Complex Quantum Systems, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712 United States
| | - T Nathan Nunley
- Department of Physics, Center of Complex Quantum Systems, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712 United States
| | - Liang-Juan Chang
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712 United States
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Fan Lee
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Jiaqiang Yan
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Gregory A Fiete
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Rui He
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - Xiaoqin Li
- Department of Physics, Center of Complex Quantum Systems, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712 United States
- Center for Dynamics and Control of Materials, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Texas Materials Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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42
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Lu Z, Prange MP, Sushko PV. Tuning Electronic Properties of 2D Materials Using Metal Adsorbates: Cu at WTe 2 Edges. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:6596-6603. [PMID: 34251220 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c01617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional materials exhibit properties promising for novel applications. Topologically protected states at their edges can be harnessed for use in quantum devices. We use ab initio simulations to examine properties of edges in 1T'-WTe2 monolayers, known to exhibit topological order, and their interactions with Cu atoms. Comparison of (010)-oriented edges that have the same composition but different terminations shows that, as the number of Cu atoms increases, their thermodynamically preferred arrangement depends on the details of the edge structure. Cu atoms aggregate into a cluster at the most stable edge; while the cluster is nonmagnetic, it spin-polarizes the W atoms along the edge, which removes the topological protection. At the metastable edge, Cu atoms form a chain incorporated into the WTe2 lattice; the topological state is preserved in spite of the dramatic edge restructuring. This suggests that exploiting interactions of metal species with metastable edge terminations can provide a path toward noninvasive interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zexi Lu
- Physical Sciences Division, Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Micah P Prange
- Physical Sciences Division, Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Peter V Sushko
- Physical Sciences Division, Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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43
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Shao J, Liu Y, Zeng M, Li J, Wu X, Ma XM, Jin F, Lu R, Sun Y, Gu M, Wang K, Wu W, Wu L, Liu C, Liu Q, Zhao Y. Pressure-Tuned Intralayer Exchange in Superlattice-Like MnBi 2Te 4/(Bi 2Te 3) n Topological Insulators. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:5874-5880. [PMID: 34197120 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c01874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The magnetic structures of MnBi2Te4(Bi2Te3)n can be manipulated by tuning the interlayer coupling via the number of Bi2Te3 spacer layers n, while the intralayer ferromagnetic (FM) exchange coupling is considered too robust to control. By applying hydrostatic pressure up to 3.5 GPa, we discover opposite responses of magnetic properties for n = 1 and 2. MnBi4Te7 stays at A-type antiferromagnetic (AFM) phase with a decreasing Néel temperature and an increasing saturation field. In sharp contrast, MnBi6Te10 experiences a phase transition from A-type AFM to a quasi-two-dimensional FM state with a suppressed saturation field under pressure. First-principles calculations reveal the essential role of intralayer exchange coupling from lattice compression in determining these magnetic properties. Such magnetic phase transition is also observed in 20% Sb-doped MnBi6Te10 because of the in-plane lattice compression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jifeng Shao
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yuntian Liu
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Meng Zeng
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jingyuan Li
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xuefeng Wu
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Ma
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Feng Jin
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Ruie Lu
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yichen Sun
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Mingqiang Gu
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Kedong Wang
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wenbin Wu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Liusuo Wu
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qihang Liu
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Computational Science and Material Design, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of for Advanced Quantum Functional Materials and Devices, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Huan S, Zhang S, Jiang Z, Su H, Wang H, Zhang X, Yang Y, Liu Z, Wang X, Yu N, Zou Z, Shen D, Liu J, Guo Y. Multiple Magnetic Topological Phases in Bulk van der Waals Crystal MnSb_{4}Te_{7}. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:246601. [PMID: 34213928 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.246601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The magnetic van der Waals crystals MnBi_{2}Te_{4}/(Bi_{2}Te_{3})_{n} have drawn significant attention due to their rich topological properties and the tunability by external magnetic field. Although the MnBi_{2}Te_{4}/(Bi_{2}Te_{3})_{n} family have been intensively studied in the past few years, their close relatives, the MnSb_{2}Te_{4}/(Sb_{2}Te_{3})_{n} family, remain much less explored. In this work, combining magnetotransport measurements, angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, and first principles calculations, we find that MnSb_{4}Te_{7}, the n=1 member of the MnSb_{2}Te_{4}/(Sb_{2}Te_{3})_{n} family, is a magnetic topological system with versatile topological phases that can be manipulated by both carrier doping and magnetic field. Our calculations unveil that its A-type antiferromagnetic (AFM) ground state stays in a Z_{2} AFM topological insulator phase, which can be converted to an inversion-symmetry-protected axion insulator phase when in the ferromagnetic (FM) state. Moreover, when this system in the FM phase is slightly carrier doped on either the electron or hole side, it becomes a Weyl semimetal with multiple Weyl nodes in the highest valence bands and lowest conduction bands, which are manifested by the measured notable anomalous Hall effect. Our work thus introduces a new magnetic topological material with different topological phases that are highly tunable by carrier doping or magnetic field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuchun Huan
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Shihao Zhang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Zhicheng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology (SIMIT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Hao Su
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Hongyuan Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yichen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology (SIMIT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Zhengtai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology (SIMIT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Xia Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- Analytical Instrumentation Center, School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Na Yu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- Analytical Instrumentation Center, School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zou
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- Analytical Instrumentation Center, School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Dawei Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology (SIMIT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianpeng Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- ShanghaiTech Laboratory for Topological Physics, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yanfeng Guo
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
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45
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Gu M, Li J, Sun H, Zhao Y, Liu C, Liu J, Lu H, Liu Q. Spectral signatures of the surface anomalous Hall effect in magnetic axion insulators. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3524. [PMID: 34112796 PMCID: PMC8192549 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23844-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The topological surface states of magnetic topological systems, such as Weyl semimetals and axion insulators, are associated with unconventional transport properties such as nonzero or half-quantized surface anomalous Hall effect. Here we study the surface anomalous Hall effect and its spectral signatures in different magnetic topological phases using both model Hamiltonian and first-principles calculations. We demonstrate that by tailoring the magnetization and interlayer electron hopping, a rich three-dimensional topological phase diagram can be established, including three types of topologically distinct insulating phases bridged by Weyl semimetals, and can be directly mapped to realistic materials such as MnBi2Te4/(Bi2Te3)n systems. Among them, we find that the surface anomalous Hall conductivity in the axion-insulator phase is a well-localized quantity either saturated at or oscillating around e2/2h, depending on the magnetic homogeneity. We also discuss the resultant chiral hinge modes embedded inside the side surface bands as the potential experimental signatures for transport measurements. Our study is a significant step forward towards the direct realization of the long-sought axion insulators in realistic material systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingqiang Gu
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiayu Li
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hongyi Sun
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yufei Zhao
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianpeng Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.
- ShanghaiTech Laboratory for Topological Physics, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Haizhou Lu
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qihang Liu
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Computational Science and Material Design, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Quantum Functional Materials and Devices, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
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Eremeev SV, Rusinov IP, Koroteev YM, Vyazovskaya AY, Hoffmann M, Echenique PM, Ernst A, Otrokov MM, Chulkov EV. Topological Magnetic Materials of the (MnSb 2Te 4)·(Sb 2Te 3) n van der Waals Compounds Family. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:4268-4277. [PMID: 33908787 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c00875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Using density functional theory, we propose the (MnSb2Te4)·(Sb2Te3)n family of stoichiometric van der Waals compounds that harbor multiple topologically nontrivial magnetic phases. In the ground state, the first three members of the family (n = 0, 1, 2) are 3D antiferromagnetic topological insulators, while for n ≥ 3 a special phase is formed, in which a nontrivial topological order coexists with a partial magnetic disorder in the system of the decoupled 2D ferromagnets, whose magnetizations point randomly along the third direction. Furthermore, due to a weak interlayer exchange coupling, these materials can be field-driven into the FM Weyl semimetal (n = 0) or FM axion insulator states (n ≥ 1). Finally, in two dimensions, we reveal these systems to show intrinsic quantum anomalous Hall and AFM axion insulator states, as well as quantum Hall state, achieved under external magnetic field. Our results demonstrate that MnSb2Te4 is not topologically trivial as was previously believed that opens possibilities of realization of a wealth of topologically nontrivial states in the (MnSb2Te4)·(Sb2Te3)n family.
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Affiliation(s)
- S V Eremeev
- Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634021 Tomsk, Russia
- Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - I P Rusinov
- Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
- Saint Petersburg State University, 198504 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Yu M Koroteev
- Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634021 Tomsk, Russia
| | - A Yu Vyazovskaya
- Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
- Saint Petersburg State University, 198504 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - M Hoffmann
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Johannes Kepler Universität, A 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - P M Echenique
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CFM-MPC), Centro Mixto CSIC-UPV/EHU, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain
- Departamento de Física de Materiales UPV/EHU, 20080 Donostia-San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain
| | - A Ernst
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Johannes Kepler Universität, A 4040 Linz, Austria
- Max-Planck-Institut für Mikrostrukturphysik, Weinberg 2, D-06120 Halle, Germany
| | - M M Otrokov
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CFM-MPC), Centro Mixto CSIC-UPV/EHU, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48011, Bilbao, Spain
| | - E V Chulkov
- Saint Petersburg State University, 198504 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CFM-MPC), Centro Mixto CSIC-UPV/EHU, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain
- Departamento de Física de Materiales UPV/EHU, 20080 Donostia-San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain
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47
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Zhang S, Xu R, Luo N, Zou X. Two-dimensional magnetic materials: structures, properties and external controls. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:1398-1424. [PMID: 33416064 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr06813f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of intrinsic ferromagnetism in atomically thin Cr2Gr2Te6 and CrI3 in 2017, research on two-dimensional (2D) magnetic materials has become a highlighted topic. Based on 2D magnetic materials and their heterostructures, exotic physical phenomena at the atomically thin limit have been discovered, such as the quantum anomalous Hall effect, magneto-electric multiferroics, and magnon valleytronics. Furthermore, magnetism in these ultrathin magnets can be effectively controlled by external perturbations, such as electric field, strain, doping, chemical functionalization, and stacking engineering. These attributes make 2D magnets ideal platforms for fundamental research and promising candidates for various spintronic applications. This review aims at providing an overview of the structures, properties, and external controls of 2D magnets, as well as the challenges and potential opportunities in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqing Zhang
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center (SGC), Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI) & Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School (TSIGS), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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