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Wu J, Yu F, Di Z, Bian L, Yang J, Wang L, Jiang Q, Yin Y, Zhang L. Transcriptome analysis of adipose tissue and muscle of Laiwu and Duroc pigs. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2024; 17:134-143. [PMID: 38766520 PMCID: PMC11101945 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Fat content is an important trait in pig production. Adipose tissue and muscle are important sites for fat deposition and affect production efficiency and quality. To regulate the fat content in these tissues, we need to understand the mechanisms behind fat deposition. Laiwu pigs, a Chinese indigenous breed, have significantly higher fat content in both adipose tissue and muscle than commercial breeds such as Duroc. In this study, we analyzed the transcriptomes in adipose tissue and muscle of 21-d-old Laiwu and Duroc piglets. Results showed that there were 828 and 671 differentially expressed genes (DEG) in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT), respectively. Functional enrichment analysis showed that these DEG were enriched in metabolic pathways, especially carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Additionally, in the longissimus muscle (LM) and psoas muscle (PM), 312 and 335 DEG were identified, demonstrating enrichment in the cell cycle and metabolic pathways. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks of these DEG were analyzed and potential hub genes were identified, such as FBP1 and SCD in adipose tissues and RRM2 and GADL1 in muscles. Meanwhile, results showed that there were common DEG between adipose tissue and muscle, such as LDHB, THRSP, and DGAT2. These findings showed that there are significant differences in the transcriptomes of the adipose tissue and muscle between Laiwu and Duroc piglets (P < 0.05), especially in metabolic patterns. This insight serves to advance our comprehensive understanding of metabolic regulation in these tissues and provide targets for fat content regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Fangyuan Yu
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Zhaoyang Di
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Liwen Bian
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Jie Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Lina Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Qingyan Jiang
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
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Rodems BJ, Sharma S, Baker CD, Kaszuba CM, Ito T, Liesveld JL, Calvi LM, Becker MW, Jordan CT, Ashton JM, Bajaj J. Temporal Single Cell Analysis of Leukemia Microenvironment Identifies Taurine-Taurine Transporter Axis as a Key Regulator of Myeloid Leukemia. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.11.593633. [PMID: 38798540 PMCID: PMC11118281 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.11.593633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Signals from the microenvironment are known to be critical for development, sustaining adult stem cells, and for oncogenic progression. While candidate niche-driven signals that can promote cancer progression have been identified1-6, concerted efforts to comprehensively map microenvironmental ligands for cancer stem cell specific surface receptors have been lacking. Here, we use temporal single cell RNA-sequencing to identify molecular cues from the bone marrow stromal niche that engage leukemia stem cells (LSC) during oncogenic progression. We integrate these data with our RNA-seq analysis of human LSCs from distinct aggressive myeloid cancer subtypes and our CRISPR based in vivo LSC dependency map7 to develop a temporal receptor-ligand interactome essential for disease progression. These analyses identify the taurine transporter (TauT)-taurine axis as a critical dependency of myeloid malignancies. We show that taurine production is restricted to the osteolineage population during cancer initiation and expansion. Inhibiting taurine synthesis in osteolineage cells impairs LSC growth and survival. Our experiments with the TauT genetic loss of function murine model indicate that its loss significantly impairs the progression of aggressive myeloid leukemias in vivo by downregulating glycolysis. Further, TauT inhibition using a small molecule strongly impairs the growth and survival of patient derived myeloid leukemia cells. Finally, we show that TauT inhibition can synergize with the clinically approved oxidative phosphorylation inhibitor venetoclax8, 9 to block the growth of primary human leukemia cells. Given that aggressive myeloid leukemias continue to be refractory to current therapies and have poor prognosis, our work indicates targeting the taurine transporter may be of therapeutic significance. Collectively, our data establishes a temporal landscape of stromal signals during cancer progression and identifies taurine-taurine transporter signaling as an important new regulator of myeloid malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J. Rodems
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Sonali Sharma
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Cameron D. Baker
- Genomics Research Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Christina M. Kaszuba
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Takashi Ito
- Department of Bioscience and Technology, Graduate School of Bioscience and Technology, Fukui Prefectural University, Fukui, Japan
| | - Jane L. Liesveld
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Laura M. Calvi
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Michael W. Becker
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Craig T. Jordan
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - John M. Ashton
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Genomics Research Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Jeevisha Bajaj
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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3
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Yan R, Zhang P, Shen S, Zeng Y, Wang T, Chen Z, Ma W, Feng J, Suo C, Zhang T, Wei H, Jiang Z, Chen R, Li ST, Zhong X, Jia W, Sun L, Cang C, Zhang H, Gao P. Carnosine regulation of intracellular pH homeostasis promotes lysosome-dependent tumor immunoevasion. Nat Immunol 2024; 25:483-495. [PMID: 38177283 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01719-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Tumor cells and surrounding immune cells undergo metabolic reprogramming, leading to an acidic tumor microenvironment. However, it is unclear how tumor cells adapt to this acidic stress during tumor progression. Here we show that carnosine, a mobile buffering metabolite that accumulates under hypoxia in tumor cells, regulates intracellular pH homeostasis and drives lysosome-dependent tumor immune evasion. A previously unrecognized isoform of carnosine synthase, CARNS2, promotes carnosine synthesis under hypoxia. Carnosine maintains intracellular pH (pHi) homeostasis by functioning as a mobile proton carrier to accelerate cytosolic H+ mobility and release, which in turn controls lysosomal subcellular distribution, acidification and activity. Furthermore, by maintaining lysosomal activity, carnosine facilitates nuclear transcription factor X-box binding 1 (NFX1) degradation, triggering galectin-9 and T-cell-mediated immune escape and tumorigenesis. These findings indicate an unconventional mechanism for pHi regulation in cancer cells and demonstrate how lysosome contributes to immune evasion, thus providing a basis for development of combined therapeutic strategies against hepatocellular carcinoma that exploit disrupted pHi homeostasis with immune checkpoint blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronghui Yan
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- The Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Pinggen Zhang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- The Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomedical Aging Research, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Insitute of Health and Medicine, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, China
| | - Shengqi Shen
- Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Zeng
- The Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- The Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Zhaolin Chen
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Wenhao Ma
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- The Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Junru Feng
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- The Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Caixia Suo
- Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haoran Wei
- Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zetan Jiang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- The Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shi-Ting Li
- Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiuying Zhong
- Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weidong Jia
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Linchong Sun
- Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunlei Cang
- The Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Huafeng Zhang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
- The Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomedical Aging Research, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
- Insitute of Health and Medicine, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, China.
| | - Ping Gao
- Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Hu S, Zhao R, Xu Y, Gu Z, Zhu B, Hu J. Orally-administered nanomedicine systems targeting colon inflammation for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease: latest advances. J Mater Chem B 2023; 12:13-38. [PMID: 38018424 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb02302h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic and idiopathic condition that results in inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, leading to conditions such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Commonly used treatments for IBD include anti-inflammatory drugs, immunosuppressants, and antibiotics. Fecal microbiota transplantation is also being explored as a potential treatment method; however, these drugs may lead to systemic side effects. Oral administration is preferred for IBD treatment, but accurately locating the inflamed area in the colon is challenging due to multiple physiological barriers. Nanoparticle drug delivery systems possess unique physicochemical properties that enable precise delivery to the target site for IBD treatment, exploiting the increased permeability and retention effect of inflamed intestines. The first part of this review comprehensively introduces the pathophysiological environment of IBD, covering the gastrointestinal pH, various enzymes in the pathway, transport time, intestinal mucus, intestinal epithelium, intestinal immune cells, and intestinal microbiota. The second part focuses on the latest advances in the mechanism and strategies of targeted delivery using oral nanoparticle drug delivery systems for colitis-related fields. Finally, we present challenges and potential directions for future IBD treatment with the assistance of nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumeng Hu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, P. R. China.
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, P. R. China.
| | - Runan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, P. R. China.
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Yu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, P. R. China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, P. R. China
| | - Zelin Gu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, P. R. China.
| | - Beiwei Zhu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, P. R. China.
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, P. R. China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, P. R. China
| | - Jiangning Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, P. R. China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, P. R. China
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Hwang H, Rampoldi A, Forghani P, Li D, Fite J, Boland G, Maher K, Xu C. Space microgravity increases expression of genes associated with proliferation and differentiation in human cardiac spheres. NPJ Microgravity 2023; 9:88. [PMID: 38071377 PMCID: PMC10710480 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-023-00336-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Efficient generation of cardiomyocytes from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) is important for their application in basic and translational studies. Space microgravity can significantly change cell activities and function. Previously, we reported upregulation of genes associated with cardiac proliferation in cardiac progenitors derived from hiPSCs that were exposed to space microgravity for 3 days. Here we investigated the effect of long-term exposure of hiPSC-cardiac progenitors to space microgravity on global gene expression. Cryopreserved 3D hiPSC-cardiac progenitors were sent to the International Space Station (ISS) and cultured for 3 weeks under ISS microgravity and ISS 1 G conditions. RNA-sequencing analyses revealed upregulation of genes associated with cardiac differentiation, proliferation, and cardiac structure/function and downregulation of genes associated with extracellular matrix regulation in the ISS microgravity cultures compared with the ISS 1 G cultures. Gene ontology analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes mapping identified the upregulation of biological processes, molecular function, cellular components, and pathways associated with cell cycle, cardiac differentiation, and cardiac function. Taking together, these results suggest that space microgravity has a beneficial effect on the differentiation and growth of cardiac progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Hwang
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Antonio Rampoldi
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Parvin Forghani
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | - Kevin Maher
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Chunhui Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Liu D, Liu X, Huang S, Shen X, Zhang X, Zhang L, Zhang Y. Simultaneous Mapping of Amino Neurotransmitters and Nucleoside Neuromodulators on Brain Tissue Sections by On-Tissue Chemoselective Derivatization and MALDI-MSI. Anal Chem 2023; 95:16549-16557. [PMID: 37906039 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Neurotransmitters (NTs) and neuromodulators (NMs) are two of the most important neurochemicals in the brain, and their imbalances in specific brain regions are thought to underlie certain neurological disorders. We present an on-tissue chemoselective derivatization mass spectrometry imaging (OTCD-MSI) method for the simultaneous mapping of NTs and NMs. Our derivatization system consists of a pyridiniumyl-benzylboronic acid based derivatization reagent and pyrylium salt, which facilitate covalent charge labeling of molecules containing cis-diol and primary amino, respectively. These derivatization systems improved the detection sensitivity of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI)-MSI and simplified the identification of amino NTs and nucleoside NMs by the innate chemoselectivity of derivatization reagents and the unique isotopic pattern of boron-derivative reagents. We demonstrated the ability of the developed method on brain sections from a hypoxia mouse model and control. The simultaneous imaging of NTs and NMs provided a method for exploring how hypoxic stress and drugs affect specific brain regions through neurotransmitter modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, PR China
| | - Xinxin Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, PR China
| | - Shuai Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100039, PR China
| | - Xue Shen
- Innovative Drug Research Center of Shanxi Province, Northwestern University, Xi'an 710127, PR China
| | - Xiaozhe Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, PR China
| | - Lihua Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, PR China
| | - Yukui Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, PR China
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7
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Van der Stede T, Spaas J, de Jager S, De Brandt J, Hansen C, Stautemas J, Vercammen B, De Baere S, Croubels S, Van Assche CH, Pastor BC, Vandenbosch M, Van Thienen R, Verboven K, Hansen D, Bové T, Lapauw B, Van Praet C, Decaestecker K, Vanaudenaerde B, Eijnde BO, Gliemann L, Hellsten Y, Derave W. Extensive profiling of histidine-containing dipeptides reveals species- and tissue-specific distribution and metabolism in mice, rats, and humans. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2023; 239:e14020. [PMID: 37485756 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
AIM Histidine-containing dipeptides (HCDs) are pleiotropic homeostatic molecules with potent antioxidative and carbonyl quenching properties linked to various inflammatory, metabolic, and neurological diseases, as well as exercise performance. However, the distribution and metabolism of HCDs across tissues and species are still unclear. METHODS Using a sensitive UHPLC-MS/MS approach and an optimized quantification method, we performed a systematic and extensive profiling of HCDs in the mouse, rat, and human body (in n = 26, n = 25, and n = 19 tissues, respectively). RESULTS Our data show that tissue HCD levels are uniquely produced by carnosine synthase (CARNS1), an enzyme that was preferentially expressed by fast-twitch skeletal muscle fibres and brain oligodendrocytes. Cardiac HCD levels are remarkably low compared to other excitable tissues. Carnosine is unstable in human plasma, but is preferentially transported within red blood cells in humans but not rodents. The low abundant carnosine analogue N-acetylcarnosine is the most stable plasma HCD, and is enriched in human skeletal muscles. Here, N-acetylcarnosine is continuously secreted into the circulation, which is further induced by acute exercise in a myokine-like fashion. CONCLUSION Collectively, we provide a novel basis to unravel tissue-specific, paracrine, and endocrine roles of HCDs in human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibaux Van der Stede
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jan Spaas
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- University MS Center (UMSC) Hasselt, Pelt, Belgium
- BIOMED Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Sarah de Jager
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jana De Brandt
- BIOMED Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- REVAL Rehabilitation Research Center, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Camilla Hansen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jan Stautemas
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bjarne Vercammen
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Siegrid De Baere
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Siska Croubels
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Charles-Henri Van Assche
- The Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging (M4I) institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Berta Cillero Pastor
- The Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging (M4I) institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel Vandenbosch
- The Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging (M4I) institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ruud Van Thienen
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kenneth Verboven
- BIOMED Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- REVAL Rehabilitation Research Center, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Dominique Hansen
- BIOMED Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- REVAL Rehabilitation Research Center, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
- Heart Center Hasselt, Jessa Hospital Hasselt, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Thierry Bové
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bruno Lapauw
- Department of Endocrinology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Charles Van Praet
- Department of Urology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karel Decaestecker
- Department of Urology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart Vanaudenaerde
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bert O Eijnde
- University MS Center (UMSC) Hasselt, Pelt, Belgium
- SMRC Sports Medical Research Center, BIOMED Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- Division of Sport Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Lasse Gliemann
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ylva Hellsten
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Wim Derave
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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8
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Kalbe C, Metzger K, Gariépy C, Palin MF. Effect of muscle fibre types and carnosine levels on the expression of carnosine-related genes in pig skeletal muscle. Histochem Cell Biol 2023; 160:63-77. [PMID: 37171629 PMCID: PMC10313551 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-023-02193-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
It is generally accepted that carnosine (β-alanyl-L-histidine) content is higher in glycolytic than in oxidative muscle fibres, but the underlying mechanisms responsible for this difference remain to be elucidated. A first study to better understand potential mechanisms involved was undertaken (1) to determine whether differences in the expression of carnosine-related enzymes (CARNS1, CNDP2) and transporters (SLC6A6, SLC15A3, SLC15A4, SLC36A1) exist between oxidative and glycolytic myofibres and (2) to study the effect of carnosine on myoblast proliferative growth and on carnosine-related gene expression in cultured myoblasts isolated from glycolytic and oxidative muscles. Immunohistochemistry analyses were conducted to determine the cellular localization of carnosine-related proteins. Laser-capture microdissection and qPCR analyses were performed to measure the expression of carnosine-related genes in different myofibres isolated from the longissimus dorsi muscle of ten crossbred pigs. Myogenic cells originating from glycolytic and oxidative muscles were cultured to assess the effect of carnosine (0, 10, 25 and 50 mM) on their proliferative growth and on carnosine-related gene expression. The mRNA abundance of CNDP2 and of the studied carnosine transporters was higher in oxidative than in glycolytic myofibres. Since carnosine synthase (CARNS1) mRNA abundance was not affected by either the fibre type or the addition of carnosine to myoblasts, its transcriptional regulation would not be the main process by which carnosine content differences are determined in oxidative and glycolytic muscles. The addition of carnosine to myoblasts leading to a dose-dependent increase in SLC15A3 transcripts, however, suggests a role for this transporter in carnosine uptake and/or efflux to maintain cellular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Kalbe
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Institute of Muscle Biology and Growth, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Katharina Metzger
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Institute of Behavioural Physiology, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Claude Gariépy
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, St-Hyacinthe Research and Development Centre, St-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-France Palin
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
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9
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Liu D, Zhang H, Yang Y, Liu T, Guo Z, Fan W, Wang Z, Yang X, Zhang B, Liu H, Tang H, Yu D, Yu S, Gai K, Mou Q, Cao J, Hu J, Tang J, Hou S, Zhou Z. Metabolome-Based Genome-Wide Association Study of Duck Meat Leads to Novel Genetic and Biochemical Insights. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2300148. [PMID: 37013465 PMCID: PMC10288243 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202300148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Meat is among the most consumed foods worldwide and has a unique flavor and high nutrient density in the human diet. However, the genetic and biochemical bases of meat nutrition and flavor are poorly understood. Here, 3431 metabolites and 702 volatiles in 423 skeletal muscle samples are profiled from a gradient consanguinity segregating population generated by Pekin duck × Liancheng duck crosses using metabolomic approaches. The authors identified 2862 metabolome-based genome-wide association studies (mGWAS) signals and 48 candidate genes potentially modulating metabolite and volatile levels, 79.2% of which are regulated by cis-regulatory elements. The level of plasmalogen is significantly associated with TMEM189 encoding plasmanylethanolamine desaturase 1. The levels of 2-pyrrolidone and glycerophospholipids are regulated by the gene expression of AOX1 and ACBD5, which further affects the levels of volatiles, 2-pyrrolidone and decanal, respectively. Genetic variations in GADL1 and CARNMT2 determine the levels of 49 metabolites including L-carnosine and anserine. This study provides novel insights into the genetic and biochemical basis of skeletal muscle metabolism and constitutes a valuable resource for the precise improvement of meat nutrition and flavor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dapeng Liu
- Institute of Animal ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100193P. R. China
| | - He Zhang
- Institute of Animal ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100193P. R. China
| | - Youyou Yang
- Institute of Animal ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100193P. R. China
| | - Tong Liu
- Institute of Animal ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100193P. R. China
| | - Zhanbao Guo
- Institute of Animal ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100193P. R. China
| | - Wenlei Fan
- Institute of Animal ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100193P. R. China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Institute of Animal ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100193P. R. China
| | - Xinting Yang
- Institute of Animal ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100193P. R. China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Institute of Animal ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100193P. R. China
| | - Hongfei Liu
- Institute of Animal ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100193P. R. China
| | - Hehe Tang
- Institute of Animal ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100193P. R. China
| | - Daxin Yu
- Institute of Animal ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100193P. R. China
| | - Simeng Yu
- Institute of Animal ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100193P. R. China
| | - Kai Gai
- Institute of Animal ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100193P. R. China
| | - Qiming Mou
- Institute of Animal ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100193P. R. China
| | - Junting Cao
- Institute of Animal ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100193P. R. China
| | - Jian Hu
- Institute of Animal ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100193P. R. China
| | - Jing Tang
- Institute of Animal ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100193P. R. China
| | - Shuisheng Hou
- Institute of Animal ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100193P. R. China
| | - Zhengkui Zhou
- Institute of Animal ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100193P. R. China
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10
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Wu T, Chen Y, Yang M, Wang S, Wang X, Hu M, Cheng X, Wan J, Hu Y, Ding Y, Zhang X, Ding M, He Z, Li H, Zhang XJ. Comparative plasma and urine metabolomics analysis of juvenile and adult canines. Front Vet Sci 2023; 9:1037327. [PMID: 36699333 PMCID: PMC9868312 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1037327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aims The metabolomic profile of a biofluid can be affected by age, and thus provides detailed information about the metabolic alterations in biological processes and reflects the in trinsic rule regulating the growth and developmental processes. Methods To systemically investigate the characteristics of multiple metabolic profiles associated with canine growth, we analyzed the metabolomics in the plasma and urine samples from 15 young and 15 adult beagle dogs via UHPLC-Q-TOFMS-based metabolomics. Blood routine and serum biochemical analyses were also performed on fasting blood samples. Results The metabolomics results showed remarkable differences in metabolite fingerprints both in plasma and urine between the young and adult groups. The most obvious age-related metabolite alterations include decreased serumlevels of oxoglutaric acid and essential amino acids and derivatives but increased levels of urine levels of O-acetylserine. These changes primarily involved in amino acid metabolism and bile secretion pathways. We also found that the levels of glutamine were consistently higher in both serum and urine of adults, while N-acetylhistamine and uracil concentrations were much lower in the adult group compared to younger ones. Conclusion Our study provides a whole metabolic profile of serum and urine characteristics of young and adult canines, identifying several metabolites that were significantly associated with age change, which provides theoretical support for the nutrition-related research and age-related homeostasis maintenance in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taibo Wu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yun Chen
- Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Clinical Trial Centers, Huanggang Central Hospital, Huanggang, China
| | - Mingzi Yang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Manli Hu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China,Gannan Innovation and Translational Medicine Research Institute, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xu Cheng
- School of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China,Gannan Innovation and Translational Medicine Research Institute, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Juan Wan
- School of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China,Gannan Innovation and Translational Medicine Research Institute, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Yufeng Hu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China,Gannan Innovation and Translational Medicine Research Institute, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Yi Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China,Gannan Innovation and Translational Medicine Research Institute, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Mingxing Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhengming He
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Hongliang Li
- School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Gannan Innovation and Translational Medicine Research Institute, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China,*Correspondence: Hongliang Li ✉
| | - Xiao-Jing Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Xiao-Jing Zhang ✉
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11
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Research progress of L-aspartate-α-decarboxylase and its isoenzyme in the β-alanine synthesis. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 39:42. [PMID: 36513951 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03483-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Driven by the massive demand in recent years, the production of β-alanine has significantly progressed in chemical and biological ways. Although the chemical method is relatively mature compared to biological synthesis, its high cost of waste disposal and environmental pollution does not meet the environmental protection standard. Hence, the biological method has become more prevalent as a potential alternative to the chemical synthesis of β-alanine in recent years. As a result, the aspartate pathway from L-aspartate to β-alanine (the most significant rate-limiting step in the β-alanine synthesis) catalyzed by L-aspartate-α-decarboxylase (ADC) has become a research hotspot in recent years. Therefore, it is vital to comprehensively understand the different enzymes that possess a similar catalytic ability to ADC. This review will investigate the exploratory process of unique synthesis features and catalytic properties of ADC/ADC-like enzymes in particular creatures with similar catalytic capacity or high sequence homology. At the same time, we will discuss the different β-alanine production methods which can apply to future industrialization.
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12
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Effects of dietary supplementation with histidine and β-alanine on blood plasma metabolome of broiler chickens at different ages. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0277476. [PMID: 36374928 PMCID: PMC9662743 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0277476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Histidine is an essential amino acid for broiler chickens and a precursor for the dipeptides carnosine and anserine, but little information is available about its metabolism in modern, fast-growing broilers. We used untargeted metabolomics to investigate the metabolic changes caused by the use of different standardized ileal digestible His:Lys ratios in broiler diets with and without β-alanine supplementation. A total of 2204 broilers were randomly divided into 96 pens of 23 birds each. The pens were divided into 16 blocks, each containing one pen for all six feeding groups (total of 16 pens per group). These feeding groups were fed three different His:Lys ratios (0.44, 0.54, and 0.64, respectively) without and with a combination of 0.5% β-alanine supplementation. Five randomly selected chickens of one single randomly selected pen per feeding group were slaughtered on day 35 or 54, blood was collected from the neck vessel, and plasma was used for untargeted metabolomic analysis. Here we show that up to 56.0% of all metabolites analyzed were altered by age, whereas only 1.8% of metabolites were affected by the His:Lys ratio in the diet, and 1.5% by β-alanine supplementation. Two-factor analysis and metabolic pathway analysis showed no interaction between the His:Lys ratio and β-alanine supplementation. The effect of the His:Lys ratio in the diet was limited to histidine metabolism with a greater change in formiminoglutamate concentration. Supplementation of β-alanine showed changes in metabolites of several metabolic pathways; increased concentrations of 3-aminoisobutyrate showed the only direct relationship to β-alanine metabolism. The supplementation of β-alanine indicated few effects on histidine metabolism. These results suggest that the supplements used had limited effects or interactions on both His and β-alanine metabolism. In contrast, the birds’ age has the strongest influence on the metabolome.
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13
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Yang S, Liu J, Gu Z, Liu P, Lan Q. Physiological and Metabolic Adaptation to Heat Stress at Different Altitudes in Yaks. Metabolites 2022; 12:1082. [PMID: 36355165 PMCID: PMC9699490 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12111082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Yaks have strong adaptability to extremely cold and hypoxic conditions but are susceptible to high ambient temperature when yaks are raised in low-altitude areas during the high-temperature season. Twenty-four adult male yaks with similar weights and ages were randomly divided into TN (Thermoneutral, altitude = 3464 m), LHS (Light heat stress, altitude = 1960 m), and MHS (Medium heat stress, altitude = 906 m) groups to evaluate adaptation strategies to HS. Non-targeted and targeted metabolomics were applied to investigate the effects of different extents of HS on yaks. LHS- and MHS-yaks showed higher rectal temperatures and respiratory rates than TN-yaks. MHS-yaks had higher levels of red blood cells (RBCs), hemoglobin (Hb), whole blood relative index of middle shear at a shear rate of 5 S-1 (WMS), whole blood relative index of high shear at a shear rate of 200 S-1 (WHS), Casson viscosity (CV), middle shear flow resistance at a shear rate of 5 S-1 (MSFR), and high shear flow resistance at a shear rate of 200 S-1 (HSFR) as compared to TN- and LHS-yaks. Differential metabolites and metabolic pathways, including fatty acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, glucose metabolism, and amino acid metabolism, were altered by HS. Metabolites in the glucose metabolism pathway in LHS- and MHS-yaks were lower than those in TN-yaks. However, LHS-yaks showed higher levels of metabolites in the HIF-1 signaling pathway compared to TN- and MHS-yaks. Most of the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) intermediates and fatty acids were significantly decreased in MHS-yaks compared to the other two groups. As a whole, yaks raised at a low altitude (25.6 °C) suffered from severe HS, but they adapted to HS with vasodilatation for dissipating heat and the increased antioxidants and metabolite levels of energy substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuli Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528231, China
| | - Jinfeng Liu
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Zhaobing Gu
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Qin Lan
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
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14
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Salek Ardestani S, Zandi MB, Vahedi SM, Janssens S. Population structure and genomic footprints of selection in five major Iranian horse breeds. Anim Genet 2022; 53:627-639. [PMID: 35919961 DOI: 10.1111/age.13243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The genetic structure and characteristics of Iranian native breeds are yet to be comprehensibly investigated and studied. Therefore, we employed genomic information of 364 Iranian native horses representing the Asil (n = 109), Caspian (n = 40), Dareshuri (n = 44), Kurdish (n = 95), and Turkoman (n = 76) breeds to reveal the genetic structure and characteristics. For these and 19 other horse breeds, principal component analysis, Bayesian model-based, Neighbor-Net, and bootstrap-based TreeMix approaches were applied to investigate and compare their genetic structure. Additionally, three haplotype-based methods including haplotype homozygosity pooled, integrated haplotype score, and number of segregating sites by length were applied to trace genomic footprints of selection of Asil, Caspian, Dareshuri, Kurdish, and Turkoman groups. Then, the Mahalanobis distance based on the negative-log10 rank-based P-values was estimated based on the haplotype homozygosity pooled, integrated haplotype score, and number of segregating sites by length values. Asil, Caspian, Dareshuri, Kurdish, and Turkoman can be categorized into five different genetic clusters. Based on the top 1% of Mahalanobis distance based on the negative-log10 rank-based P-values of SNPs, we identified 24 SNPs formerly reported to be associated with different traits and >100 genes undergoing selection pressures in Asil, Caspian, Dareshuri, Kurdish, and Turkoman. The detected QTL undergoing selection pressures were associated with withers height, equine metabolic syndrome, overall body size, insect bite hypersensitivity, guttural pouch tympany, white markings, Rhodococcus equi infection, jumping test score, alternate gaits, and body weight traits. Our findings will aid to have a better perspective of the genetic characteristics and population structure of Asil, Caspian, Dareshuri, Kurdish, and Turkoman horses as Iranian native horse breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Seyed Milad Vahedi
- Department of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Steven Janssens
- Department Biosystems, Center Animal Breeding and Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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15
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Solana-Manrique C, Sanz FJ, Martínez-Carrión G, Paricio N. Antioxidant and Neuroprotective Effects of Carnosine: Therapeutic Implications in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050848. [PMID: 35624713 PMCID: PMC9137727 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) constitute a global challenge to human health and an important social and economic burden worldwide, mainly due to their growing prevalence in an aging population and to their associated disabilities. Despite their differences at the clinical level, NDs share fundamental pathological mechanisms such as abnormal protein deposition, intracellular Ca2+ overload, mitochondrial dysfunction, redox homeostasis imbalance and neuroinflammation. Although important progress is being made in deciphering the mechanisms underlying NDs, the availability of effective therapies is still scarce. Carnosine is a natural endogenous molecule that has been extensively studied during the last years due to its promising beneficial effects for human health. It presents multimodal mechanisms of action, being able to exert antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-aggregate activities, among others. Interestingly, most NDs exhibit oxidative and nitrosative stress, protein aggregation and inflammation as molecular hallmarks. In this review, we discuss the neuroprotective functions of carnosine and its implications as a therapeutic strategy in different NDs. We summarize the existing works that study alterations in carnosine metabolism in Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease, the two most common NDs. In addition, we review the beneficial effect that carnosine supplementation presents in models of such diseases as well as in aging-related neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Solana-Manrique
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad CC Biológicas, Universidad de Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain; (C.S.-M.); (F.J.S.); (G.M.-C.)
- Instituto Universitario de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universidad de Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Francisco José Sanz
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad CC Biológicas, Universidad de Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain; (C.S.-M.); (F.J.S.); (G.M.-C.)
- Instituto Universitario de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universidad de Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Guillermo Martínez-Carrión
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad CC Biológicas, Universidad de Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain; (C.S.-M.); (F.J.S.); (G.M.-C.)
- Instituto Universitario de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universidad de Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Nuria Paricio
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad CC Biológicas, Universidad de Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain; (C.S.-M.); (F.J.S.); (G.M.-C.)
- Instituto Universitario de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universidad de Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-96-354-3005; Fax: +34-96-354-3029
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16
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Wang-Eckhardt L, Becker I, Wang Y, Yuan J, Eckhardt M. Absence of endogenous carnosine synthesis does not increase protein carbonylation and advanced lipoxidation end products in brain, kidney or muscle. Amino Acids 2022; 54:1013-1023. [PMID: 35294673 PMCID: PMC9217836 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-022-03150-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Carnosine and other histidine-containing dipeptides are expected to be important anti-oxidants in vertebrates based on various in vitro and in vivo studies with exogenously administered carnosine or its precursor β-alanine. To examine a possible anti-oxidant role of endogenous carnosine, mice lacking carnosine synthase (Carns1−/−) had been generated and were examined further in the present study. Protein carbonylation increased significantly between old (18 months) and aged (24 months) mice in brain and kidney but this was independent of the Carns1 genotype. Lipoxidation end products were not increased in 18-month-old Carns1−/− mice compared to controls. We also found no evidence for compensatory increase of anti-oxidant enzymes in Carns1−/− mice. To explore the effect of carnosine deficiency in a mouse model known to suffer from increased oxidative stress, Carns1 also was deleted in the type II diabetes model Leprdb/db mouse. In line with previous studies, malondialdehyde adducts were elevated in Leprdb/db mouse kidney, but there was no further increase by additional deficiency in Carns1. Furthermore, Leprdb/db mice lacking Carns1 were indistinguishable from conventional Leprdb/db mice with respect to fasting blood glucose and insulin levels. Taken together, Carns1 deficiency appears not to reinforce oxidative stress in old mice and there was no evidence for a compensatory upregulation of anti-oxidant enzymes. We conclude that the significance of the anti-oxidant activity of endogenously synthesized HCDs is limited in mice, suggesting that other functions of HCDs play a more important role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Wang-Eckhardt
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Nussallee 11, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ivonne Becker
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Nussallee 11, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Yong Wang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Nussallee 11, 53115, Bonn, Germany
- Shandong Xinchuang Biotechnology Co., LTD, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Nussallee 11, 53115, Bonn, Germany
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Matthias Eckhardt
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Nussallee 11, 53115, Bonn, Germany.
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17
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Matthews JJ, Dolan E, Swinton PA, Santos L, Artioli GG, Turner MD, Elliott-Sale KJ, Sale C. Effect of Carnosine or β-Alanine Supplementation on Markers of Glycemic Control and Insulin Resistance in Humans and Animals: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Adv Nutr 2021; 12:2216-2231. [PMID: 34333586 PMCID: PMC8634390 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence that supplementation with carnosine, or its rate-limiting precursor β-alanine, can ameliorate aspects of metabolic dysregulation that occur in diabetes and its related conditions. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the effect of carnosine or β-alanine supplementation on markers of glycemic control and insulin resistance in humans and animals. We performed a systematic search of 6 electronic databases up to 31 December 2020. Primary outcomes were changes in 1) fasting glucose, 2) glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and 3) 2-h glucose following a glucose-tolerance test. A set of additional outcomes included fasting insulin and homeostatic model assessment of β-cell function (HOMA-β) and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). We assessed risk of bias using the Cochrane risk of bias (RoB) 2.0 (human studies) and the Systematic Review Center for Laboratory Animal Experimentation (SYRCLE) RoB (animal studies) tools; and used the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach to assess certainty. We used Bayesian hierarchical random-effects models, with informative priors for human data and noninformative priors for animal data. Inferences were made on posterior samples generated by Hamiltonian Markov Chain Monte Carlo using 90% credible intervals (90% CrI) and calculated probabilities. Twenty studies (n = 4 human, n = 16 rodent) were included, providing data for 2 primary outcomes (fasting glucose and HbA1c) and 3 additional outcomes (fasting insulin, HOMA-β, and HOMA-IR). The model provides evidence that supplementation decreases fasting glucose [humans: mean difference (MD)0.5 = -0.95 mmol · L-1 (90% CrI: -2.1, 0.08); rodent: MD0.5 = -2.26 mmol · L-1 (90% CrI: -4.03, -0.44)], HbA1c [humans: MD0.5 = -0.91% (90% CrI: -1.46, -0.39); rodents: MD0.5 = -1.05% (90% CrI: -1.64, -0.52)], HOMA-IR [humans: standardized mean difference (SMD)0.5 = -0.41 (90% CrI: -0.82, -0.07); rodents: SMD0.5 = -0.63 (90% CrI: -1.98, 0.65)], and fasting insulin [humans: SMD0.5 = -0.41 (90% CrI: -0.77, -0.07)]. GRADE assessment showed our certainty in the effect estimate of each outcome to be moderate (human outcomes) or very low (rodent outcomes). Supplementation with carnosine or β-alanine may reduce fasting glucose, HbA1c, and HOMA-IR in humans and rodents, and fasting insulin in humans; both compounds show potential as therapeutics to improve glycemic control and insulin resistance. This review was registered at PROSPERO as CRD42020191588.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J Matthews
- Sport, Health, and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Centre, Musculoskeletal Physiology Research Group, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Research Centre for Life and Sport Sciences (CLaSS), School of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Sport and Exercise, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Eimear Dolan
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paul A Swinton
- School of Health Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Lívia Santos
- Sport, Health, and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Centre, Musculoskeletal Physiology Research Group, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Guilherme G Artioli
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mark D Turner
- Centre for Diabetes, Chronic Diseases, and Ageing, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Kirsty J Elliott-Sale
- Sport, Health, and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Centre, Musculoskeletal Physiology Research Group, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Craig Sale
- Sport, Health, and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Centre, Musculoskeletal Physiology Research Group, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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18
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de Vries LE, Lunghi M, Krishnan A, Kooij TWA, Soldati-Favre D. Pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis in Apicomplexa and their promise as antiparasitic drug targets. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1010124. [PMID: 34969059 PMCID: PMC8717973 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Apicomplexa phylum comprises thousands of distinct intracellular parasite species, including coccidians, haemosporidians, piroplasms, and cryptosporidia. These parasites are characterized by complex and divergent life cycles occupying a variety of host niches. Consequently, they exhibit distinct adaptations to the differences in nutritional availabilities, either relying on biosynthetic pathways or by salvaging metabolites from their host. Pantothenate (Pan, vitamin B5) is the precursor for the synthesis of an essential cofactor, coenzyme A (CoA), but among the apicomplexans, only the coccidian subgroup has the ability to synthesize Pan. While the pathway to synthesize CoA from Pan is largely conserved across all branches of life, there are differences in the redundancy of enzymes and possible alternative pathways to generate CoA from Pan. Impeding the scavenge of Pan and synthesis of Pan and CoA have been long recognized as potential targets for antimicrobial drug development, but in order to fully exploit these critical pathways, it is important to understand such differences. Recently, a potent class of pantothenamides (PanAms), Pan analogs, which target CoA-utilizing enzymes, has entered antimalarial preclinical development. The potential of PanAms to target multiple downstream pathways make them a promising compound class as broad antiparasitic drugs against other apicomplexans. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in understanding the Pan and CoA biosynthesis pathways, and the suitability of these pathways as drug targets in Apicomplexa, with a particular focus on the cyst-forming coccidian, Toxoplasma gondii, and the haemosporidian, Plasmodium falciparum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E. de Vries
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Matteo Lunghi
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Aarti Krishnan
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Taco W. A. Kooij
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Dominique Soldati-Favre
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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19
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Zhou Z, Zheng Z, Xiong X, Chen X, Peng J, Yao H, Pu J, Chen Q, Zheng M. Gut Microbiota Composition and Fecal Metabolic Profiling in Patients With Diabetic Retinopathy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:732204. [PMID: 34722512 PMCID: PMC8554156 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.732204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests there is a link between metabolic diseases and gut microbiota. To investigate the gut microbiota composition and fecal metabolic phenotype in diabetic retinopathy (DR) patients. DNA was extracted from 50 fecal samples (21 individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus-associated retinopathy (DR), 14 with type 2 diabetes mellitus but without retinopathy (DM) and 15 sex- and age-matched healthy controls) and then sequenced by high-throughput 16S rDNA analysis. Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based metabolomics was simultaneously performed on the samples. A significant difference in the gut microbiota composition was observed between the DR and healthy groups and between the DR and DM groups. At the genus level, Faecalibacterium, Roseburia, Lachnospira and Romboutsia were enriched in DR patients compared to healthy individuals, while Akkermansia was depleted. Compared to those in the DM patient group, five genera, including Prevotella, were enriched, and Bacillus, Veillonella, and Pantoea were depleted in DR patients. Fecal metabolites in DR patients significantly differed from those in the healthy population and DM patients. The levels of carnosine, succinate, nicotinic acid and niacinamide were significantly lower in DR patients than in healthy controls. Compared to those in DM patients, nine metabolites were enriched, and six were depleted in DR patients. KEGG annotation revealed 17 pathways with differentially abundant metabolites between DR patients and healthy controls, and only two pathways with differentially abundant metabolites were identified between DR and DM patients, namely, the arginine-proline and α-linolenic acid metabolic pathways. In a correlation analysis, armillaramide was found to be negatively associated with Prevotella and Subdoligranulum and positively associated with Bacillus. Traumatic acid was negatively correlated with Bacillus. Our study identified differential gut microbiota compositions and characteristic fecal metabolic phenotypes in DR patients compared with those in the healthy population and DM patients. Additionally, the gut microbiota composition and fecal metabolic phenotype were relevant. We speculated that the gut microbiota in DR patients may cause alterations in fecal metabolites, which may contribute to disease progression, providing a new direction for understanding DR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Minming Zheng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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20
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Kubota S, Promkhun K, Sinpru P, Suwanvichanee C, Molee W, Molee A. RNA Profiles of the Korat Chicken Breast Muscle with Increased Carnosine Content Produced through Dietary Supplementation with β-Alanine or L-Histidine. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11092596. [PMID: 34573562 PMCID: PMC8464878 DOI: 10.3390/ani11092596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Carnosine is a bioactive food component with several potential health benefits for humans due to its physiological functions. Dietary supplementation with β-alanine or L-histidine can increase the carnosine content of skeletal muscles in chickens. Dietary supplementation with β-alanine or L-histidine has produced a slow-growing chicken variety with high carnosine content in the breast meat; however, the supplementation with L-histidine alone softens the meat toughness, which may affect consumers’ willingness to buy the meat. Gene expression is a key factor that influences meat quality. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that affect carnosine content and meat toughness would allow the production of more value-added slow-growing chickens. We compared global gene expression in chicken breast muscles with differing carnosine contents and meat toughness produced through dietary supplementation with β-alanine or L-histidine. We identified differentially expressed genes involved in regulating myosin, collagen, intramuscular fat, and calpain—factors that may affect meat tenderness. Pathway enrichment analysis indicated that the insulin-related and adipocytokine signaling pathways were altered by dietary supplementation with β-alanine or L-histidine. These data will be useful for future studies on carnosine content and meat toughness in slow-growing chickens. Abstract Korat chicken (KRC) is a slow-growing chicken bred in Thailand, whose meat exhibits a unique toughness. A previous study produced KRC breast meat containing high carnosine content through dietary supplementation with β-alanine or L-histidine; however, the KRC that were fed an L-histidine-supplemented diet produced meat that was significantly more tender. Herein, we performed RNA-Seq to identify candidate genes involved in the regulation of carnosine content and meat toughness. Total RNA was isolated from five female KRC breast muscles in each treatment group that KRC fed diets without supplementation, supplemented with β-alanine or L-histidine. Compared to the non-supplemented group, we identified 118 and 198 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the β-alanine or L-histidine supplementation groups, respectively. Genes potentially related to meat tenderness—i.e., those regulating myosin, collagen, intramuscular fat, and calpain—were upregulated (LOC107051274, ACSBG1, and CAPNS2) and downregulated (MYO7B, MYBPH, SERPINH1, and PGAM1). However, carnosine synthase gene was not identified. Functional enrichment analysis identified pathways affected by dietary supplementation, including the insulin signaling pathway (β-alanine supplementation) and the insulin resistance and adipocytokine signaling pathways (L-histidine supplementation). The FoxO signaling pathway was identified as a regulatory network for both supplementation groups. The identified genes can be used as molecular markers of meat tenderness in slow-growing chickens.
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Lin W, Yang Y, Lei Y, An F, Sun L, Qin Y, Zhang L. Self-Assembly of an Antitumor Dipeptide Induced Near-Infrared Fluorescence and Improved Stability for Theranostic Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:32799-32809. [PMID: 34227796 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c07983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
It has been found that the self-assembly of nonfluorescent peptides can generate fluorescent peptide nanoparticles (f-PNPs) to perform multiple functions, including drug delivery and imaging and tracking therapeutic agents. Both pharmacologically inactive peptides and tumor-targeting peptides have been explored to construct biocompatible f-PNPs; however, the application of this technology in delivering antitumor peptides has never been reported. Herein, the self-assembly of an antitumor dipeptide, carnosine, into fluorescent carnosine nanoparticles (f-Car NPs) in the presence of zinc ions is demonstrated. The generated f-Car NPs exhibit fluorescence in the visible and near-infrared (NIR) ranges for fluorescence tracing in vitro and in vivo. On the other hand, the f-Car NPs minimize the contact between the dipeptide and the serum, which overcomes the dipeptide instability resulted from inefficient antitumor activity. In addition, the preparation of f-Car NPs does not introduce extra carrier materials, so the f-Car NPs exhibit biocompatibility to normal fibroblast cells in vitro and negligible toxicity against major organs in vivo. This study provides a new peptide drug delivery strategy with NIR fluorescence tracing ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Lin
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Space Bioscience & Biotechnology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Yingchun Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Space Bioscience & Biotechnology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Yang Lei
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Space Bioscience & Biotechnology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Feifei An
- Institute of Medical Engineering, Department of Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Science, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Leming Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Space Bioscience & Biotechnology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Yong Qin
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Space Bioscience & Biotechnology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Lianbing Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Space Bioscience & Biotechnology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
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22
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Alswady-Hoff M, Erdem JS, Phuyal S, Knittelfelder O, Sharma A, Fonseca DDM, Skare Ø, Slupphaug G, Zienolddiny S. Long-Term Exposure to Nanosized TiO 2 Triggers Stress Responses and Cell Death Pathways in Pulmonary Epithelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105349. [PMID: 34069552 PMCID: PMC8161419 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
There is little in vitro data available on long-term effects of TiO2 exposure. Such data are important for improving the understanding of underlying mechanisms of adverse health effects of TiO2. Here, we exposed pulmonary epithelial cells to two doses (0.96 and 1.92 µg/cm2) of TiO2 for 13 weeks and effects on cell cycle and cell death mechanisms, i.e., apoptosis and autophagy were determined after 4, 8 and 13 weeks of exposure. Changes in telomere length, cellular protein levels and lipid classes were also analyzed at 13 weeks of exposure. We observed that the TiO2 exposure increased the fraction of cells in G1-phase and reduced the fraction of cells in G2-phase, which was accompanied by an increase in the fraction of late apoptotic/necrotic cells. This corresponded with an induced expression of key apoptotic proteins i.e., BAD and BAX, and an accumulation of several lipid classes involved in cellular stress and apoptosis. These findings were further supported by quantitative proteome profiling data showing an increase in proteins involved in cell stress and genomic maintenance pathways following TiO2 exposure. Altogether, we suggest that cell stress response and cell death pathways may be important molecular events in long-term health effects of TiO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayes Alswady-Hoff
- National Institute of Occupational Health, NO-0033 Oslo, Norway; (M.A.-H.); (J.S.E.); (S.P.); (Ø.S.)
| | - Johanna Samulin Erdem
- National Institute of Occupational Health, NO-0033 Oslo, Norway; (M.A.-H.); (J.S.E.); (S.P.); (Ø.S.)
| | - Santosh Phuyal
- National Institute of Occupational Health, NO-0033 Oslo, Norway; (M.A.-H.); (J.S.E.); (S.P.); (Ø.S.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Animesh Sharma
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway; (A.S.); (D.d.M.F.); (G.S.)
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Core Facility (PROMEC), Norwegian University of Science and Technology and the Central Norway Regional Health Authority, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Davi de Miranda Fonseca
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway; (A.S.); (D.d.M.F.); (G.S.)
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Core Facility (PROMEC), Norwegian University of Science and Technology and the Central Norway Regional Health Authority, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Øivind Skare
- National Institute of Occupational Health, NO-0033 Oslo, Norway; (M.A.-H.); (J.S.E.); (S.P.); (Ø.S.)
| | - Geir Slupphaug
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway; (A.S.); (D.d.M.F.); (G.S.)
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Core Facility (PROMEC), Norwegian University of Science and Technology and the Central Norway Regional Health Authority, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Shanbeh Zienolddiny
- National Institute of Occupational Health, NO-0033 Oslo, Norway; (M.A.-H.); (J.S.E.); (S.P.); (Ø.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +47-23195284
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Aldini G, de Courten B, Regazzoni L, Gilardoni E, Ferrario G, Baron G, Altomare A, D’Amato A, Vistoli G, Carini M. Understanding the antioxidant and carbonyl sequestering activity of carnosine: direct and indirect mechanisms. Free Radic Res 2020; 55:321-330. [DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2020.1856830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giancarlo Aldini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbora de Courten
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Luca Regazzoni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Ettore Gilardoni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio Ferrario
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanna Baron
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Alfonsina D’Amato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio Vistoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Carini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Mahootchi E, Raasakka A, Luan W, Muruganandam G, Loris R, Haavik J, Kursula P. Structure and substrate specificity determinants of the taurine biosynthetic enzyme cysteine sulphinic acid decarboxylase. J Struct Biol 2020; 213:107674. [PMID: 33253877 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2020.107674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Pyridoxal 5́-phosphate (PLP) is an important cofactor for amino acid decarboxylases with many biological functions, including the synthesis of signalling molecules, such as serotonin, dopamine, histamine, γ-aminobutyric acid, and taurine. Taurine is an abundant amino acid with multiple physiological functions, including osmoregulation, pH regulation, antioxidative protection, and neuromodulation. In mammalian tissues, taurine is mainly produced by decarboxylation of cysteine sulphinic acid to hypotaurine, catalysed by the PLP-dependent cysteine sulphinic acid decarboxylase (CSAD), followed by oxidation of the product to taurine. We determined the crystal structure of mouse CSAD and compared it to other PLP-dependent decarboxylases in order to identify determinants of substrate specificity and catalytic activity. Recognition of the substrate involves distinct side chains forming the substrate-binding cavity. In addition, the backbone conformation of a buried active-site loop appears to be a critical determinant for substrate side chain binding in PLP-dependent decarboxylases. Phe94 was predicted to affect substrate specificity, and its mutation to serine altered both the catalytic properties of CSAD and its stability. Using small-angle X-ray scattering, we further showed that CSAD presents open/close motions in solution. The structure of apo-CSAD indicates that the active site gets more ordered upon internal aldimine formation. Taken together, the results highlight details of substrate recognition in PLP-dependent decarboxylases and provide starting points for structure-based inhibitor design with the aim of affecting the biosynthesis of taurine and other abundant amino acid metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arne Raasakka
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Weisha Luan
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Gopinath Muruganandam
- VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Brussels, Belgium; Structural Biology Brussels, Department of Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Remy Loris
- VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Brussels, Belgium; Structural Biology Brussels, Department of Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jan Haavik
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Bergen Center of Brain Plasticity, Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Petri Kursula
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
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25
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Genome-wide scan for selection signatures reveals novel insights into the adaptive capacity in local North African cattle. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19466. [PMID: 33173134 PMCID: PMC7655849 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76576-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural-driven selection is supposed to have left detectable signatures on the genome of North African cattle which are often characterized by the fixation of genetic variants associated with traits under selection pressure and/or an outstanding genetic differentiation with other populations at particular loci. Here, we investigate the population genetic structure and we provide a first outline of potential selection signatures in North African cattle using single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping data. After comparing our data to African, European and indicine cattle populations, we identified 36 genomic regions using three extended haplotype homozygosity statistics and 92 outlier markers based on Bayescan test. The 13 outlier windows detected by at least two approaches, harboured genes (e.g. GH1, ACE, ASIC3, HSPH1, MVD, BCL2, HIGD2A, CBFA2T3) that may be involved in physiological adaptations required to cope with environmental stressors that are typical of the North African area such as infectious diseases, extended drought periods, scarce food supply, oxygen scarcity in the mountainous areas and high-intensity solar radiation. Our data also point to candidate genes involved in transcriptional regulation suggesting that regulatory elements had also a prominent role in North African cattle response to environmental constraints. Our study yields novel insights into the unique adaptive capacity in these endangered populations emphasizing the need for the use of whole genome sequence data to gain a better understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms.
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26
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Stautemas J, Jarzebska N, Shan ZX, Blancquaert L, Everaert I, de Jager S, De Baere S, Hautekiet A, Volkaert A, Lefevere FBD, Martens-Lobenhoffer J, Bode-Böger SM, Kim CK, Leiper J, Weiss N, Croubels S, Rodionov RN, Derave W. The role of alanine glyoxylate transaminase-2 (agxt2) in β-alanine and carnosine metabolism of healthy mice and humans. Eur J Appl Physiol 2020; 120:2749-2759. [PMID: 32948897 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-020-04501-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Chronic β-alanine supplementation leads to increased levels of muscle histidine-containing dipeptides. However, the majority of ingested β-alanine is, most likely, degraded by two transaminases: GABA-T and AGXT2. In contrast to GABA-T, the in vivo role of AGXT2 with respect to β-alanine metabolism is unknown. The purpose of the present work is to investigate if AGXT2 is functionally involved in β-alanine homeostasis. METHODS Muscle histidine-containing dipeptides levels were determined in AGXT2 overexpressing or knock-out mice and in human subjects with different rs37369 genotypes which is known to affect AGXT2 activity. Further, plasma β-alanine kinetic was measured and urine was obtained from subjects with different rs37369 genotypes following ingestion of 1400 mg β-alanine. RESULT Overexpression of AGXT2 decreased circulating and muscle histidine-containing dipeptides (> 70% decrease; p < 0.05), while AGXT2 KO did not result in altered histidine-containing dipeptides levels. In both models, β-alanine remained unaffected in the circulation and in muscle (p > 0.05). In humans, the results support the evidence that decreased AGXT2 activity is not associated with altered histidine-containing dipeptides levels (p > 0.05). Additionally, following an acute dose of β-alanine, no differences in pharmacokinetic response were measured between subjects with different rs37369 genotypes (p > 0.05). Interestingly, urinary β-alanine excretion was 103% higher in subjects associated with lower AGXT2 activity, compared to subjects associated with normal AGXT2 activity (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The data suggest that in vivo, β-alanine is a substrate of AGXT2; however, its importance in the metabolism of β-alanine and histidine-containing dipeptides seems small.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Stautemas
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, 9000, Gent, Belgium.
| | - Natalia Jarzebska
- University Centre for Vascular Medicine and Department of Internal Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Pulmonary Engineering Group, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Zhou Xiang Shan
- Anhui Institute of Sport Science and Technology, Anhui University of Science and Technology Anhui, Anhui, China
| | - Laura Blancquaert
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, 9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Inge Everaert
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, 9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Sarah de Jager
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, 9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Siegrid De Baere
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Arne Hautekiet
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anneke Volkaert
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, 9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Filip B D Lefevere
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, 9000, Gent, Belgium
| | | | - Stefanie M Bode-Böger
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Otto-Von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Chang Keun Kim
- Exercise and Metabolism Research Center, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - James Leiper
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - Norbert Weiss
- University Centre for Vascular Medicine and Department of Internal Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Siska Croubels
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Roman N Rodionov
- University Centre for Vascular Medicine and Department of Internal Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Wim Derave
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, 9000, Gent, Belgium
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