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Galligan BP, McClanahan TR. Tropical fishery nutrient production depends on biomass-based management. iScience 2024; 27:109420. [PMID: 38510133 PMCID: PMC10952041 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The need to enhance nutrient production from tropical ecosystems to feed the poor could potentially create a new framework for fisheries science and management. Early recommendations have included targeting small fishes and increasing the species richness of fish catches, which could represent a departure from more traditional approaches such as biomass-based management. To test these recommendations, we compared the outcomes of biomass-based management with hypothesized factors influencing nutrient density in nearshore artisanal fish catches in the Western Indian Ocean. We found that enhancing nutrient production depends primarily on achieving biomass-based targets. Catches dominated by low- and mid-trophic level species with smaller body sizes and faster turnover were associated with modest increases in nutrient densities, but the variability in nutrient density was small relative to human nutritional requirements. Therefore, tropical fishery management should focus on restoring biomass to achieve maximum yields and sustainability, particularly for herbivorous fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan P. Galligan
- Jesuit Justice and Ecology Network Africa, Karen, Nairobi 00502, Kenya
- Loyola University Chicago, Department of Biology, Chicago, IL 60660, USA
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2
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Nunes CB, Vieira KC, Pereyra PER, Hallwass G, Cunha CV, Silvano RAM. 'From the sky to the ground': fishers' knowledge, landscape analysis and hydrological data indicate long-term environmental changes in Amazonian clear water rivers. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 904:166763. [PMID: 37666343 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Fishers possess detailed local ecological knowledge (LEK) which can be a valuable resource for tracking long-term environmental changes in less studied tropical rivers. Our goal was to investigate such changes in three clear water rivers in the Brazilian Amazon, focusing on hydrology, water quality and land cover. Additionally, we aimed to compare these changes among three rivers (Trombetas, Tapajós and Tocantins) representing a potential gradient of environmental changes. We interviewed 129 fishers (67 in Tapajós, 33 in Tocantins and 29 in Trombetas), and analyzed temporal series on land cover and hydrology respectively through maps produced by the project MapBiomas, and data from the Brazilian National Water Agency across the last 34 years (from 1985 to 2019). The complementary analyses of these three databases (mapping, hydrological data and fishers' knowledge) revealed environmental changes in the studied rivers. The maps showed a gradient of anthropic changes on land cover, from the less altered Trombetas river, the moderately altered Tapajós and the more intensely changed landscape in the Tocantins River. Fishers from the Tocantins River reported a greater variety of negative changes in water quality related to anthropic actions, such as dams, deforestation, and pollution. Additionally, most fishers indicated hydrological changes making the Tocantins River drier in more recent years, which would cause negative effects on fish populations. In the Tapajós River, fishers mentioned more varied hydrological patterns and negative effects on water quality linked to mining activities, whereas in Trombetas fishers perceived increased floods. The changes mentioned by the interviewed fishers matched observed trends from hydrological data indicating a trend of increasing droughts in the more impacted Tocantins River. Fishers' knowledge provided exclusive 'on the ground' data to track long-term changes on local hydrology and water quality, as well as inform the effects of these changes on fish and fisheries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina B Nunes
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Kaluan C Vieira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Paula E R Pereyra
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Hallwass
- Fisheries and Food Institute (FIFO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Instituto de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia Aplicada, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, MG, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia Aquática e Pesca, Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Cristiane V Cunha
- Faculdade de Educação do Campo, Universidade Federal do Sul e Sudeste do Pará (UNIFESSPA), Marabá, PA, Brazil
| | - Renato A M Silvano
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil; Fisheries and Food Institute (FIFO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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3
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Heilpern SA, Herrera-R GA, Fiorella KJ, Moya L, Flecker AS, McIntyre PB. Species trait diversity sustains multiple dietary nutrients supplied by freshwater fisheries. Ecol Lett 2023; 26:1887-1897. [PMID: 37671723 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Species, through their traits, influence how ecosystems simultaneously sustain multiple functions. However, it is unclear how trait diversity sustains the multiple contributions biodiversity makes to people. Freshwater fisheries nourish hundreds of millions of people globally, but overharvesting and river fragmentation are increasingly affecting catches. We analyse how loss of nutritional trait diversity in consumed fish portfolios affects the simultaneous provisioning of six essential dietary nutrients using household data from the Amazon and Tonlé Sap, two of Earth's most productive and diverse freshwater fisheries. We find that fish portfolios with high trait diversity meet higher thresholds of required daily intakes for a greater variety of nutrients with less fish biomass. This beneficial biodiversity effect is driven by low redundancy in species nutrient content profiles. Our findings imply that sustaining the dietary contributions fish make to people given declining biodiversity could require more biomass and ultimately exacerbate fishing pressure in already-stressed ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian A Heilpern
- Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Guido A Herrera-R
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kathryn J Fiorella
- Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Luis Moya
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Iquitos, Perú
| | - Alexander S Flecker
- Deparment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Peter B McIntyre
- Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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4
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Cheung WWL, Maire E, Oyinlola MA, Robinson JPW, Graham NAJ, Lam VWY, MacNeil MA, Hicks CC. Climate change exacerbates nutrient disparities from seafood. NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE 2023; 13:1242-1249. [PMID: 37927330 PMCID: PMC10624626 DOI: 10.1038/s41558-023-01822-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Seafood is an important source of bioavailable micronutrients supporting human health, yet it is unclear how micronutrient production has changed in the past or how climate change will influence its availability. Here combining reconstructed fisheries databases and predictive models, we assess nutrient availability from fisheries and mariculture in the past and project their futures under climate change. Since the 1990s, availabilities of iron, calcium and omega-3 from seafood for direct human consumption have increased but stagnated for protein. Under climate change, nutrient availability is projected to decrease disproportionately in tropical low-income countries that are already highly dependent on seafood-derived nutrients. At 4 oC of warming, nutrient availability is projected to decline by ~30% by 2100 in low income countries, while at 1.5-2.0 oC warming, decreases are projected to be ~10%. We demonstrate the importance of effective mitigation to support nutritional security of vulnerable nations and global health equity.
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Affiliation(s)
- William W. L. Cheung
- Changing Ocean Research Unit, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia Canada
| | - Eva Maire
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Muhammed A. Oyinlola
- Changing Ocean Research Unit, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia Canada
| | | | | | - Vicky W. Y. Lam
- Changing Ocean Research Unit, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia Canada
| | - M. Aaron MacNeil
- Ocean Frontier Institute, Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia Canada
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia Canada
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5
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Jing P, Sheng J, Hu T, Mahmoud A, Huang Y, Li X, Liu Y, Wang Y, Shu Z. Emergy-based sustainability evaluation model of hydropower megaproject incorporating the social-economic-ecological losses. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 344:118402. [PMID: 37393868 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
The sustainable development of the hydropower megaproject (HM) is one of the critical components of sustainable water resources management. Hence, an accurate assessment of the impacts of social-economic-ecological losses (SEEL) on the sustainability of the HM system is of utmost importance. This study proposes an emergy-based sustainability evaluation model incorporating the social-economic-ecological losses (ESM-SEEL), which integrated the inputs and outputs during HM's construction and operation into an emergy calculation account. The Three Gorges Project (TGP) on the Yangtze River is selected as a case study to comprehensively evaluate the HM's sustainability from 1993 to 2020. Subsequently, the emergy-based indicators of TGP are compared with several hydropower projects in China and worldwide to analyze the multi-impacts of hydropower development. The results showed that the river chemical potential (2.35 E+24sej) and the emergy losses (L) (1.39 E+24sej) are the primary emergy inflow sections (U) of the TGP system, accounting for 51.1% and 30.4% of the U, respectively. The flood control function of the TGP produced tremendous socio-economic benefits (1.24 E+24sej), accounting for 37.8% of the total emergy yield. The resettlement and compensation, water pollution during operation, fish biodiversity loss, and sediment deposition are the main L of the TGP, accounting for 77.8%, 8.4%, 5.6%, and 2.6%, respectively. Based on the enhanced emergy-based indicators, the assessment reveals that the sustainability level of the TGP falls in the middle range compared to other hydropower projects. Thus, along with maximizing the benefits of the HM system, it is necessary to minimize the SEEL of the HM system, which is a critical approach to promote the coordinated development of the hydropower and ecological environment in the Yangtze River basin. This study helps to understand the complex relationship between human and water systems and provides a novel framework that can be used as an evaluation index and insights for hydropower sustainability assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiran Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing, 210029, China; State Key Laboratory of Water Resources Engineering and Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| | - Jinbao Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing, 210029, China.
| | - Tiesong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources Engineering and Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Ali Mahmoud
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources Engineering and Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yifan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources Engineering and Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources Engineering and Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing, 210029, China; State Key Laboratory of Water Resources Engineering and Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Key Laboratory for Green & Advanced Civil Engineering Materials and Application Technology of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Zhangkang Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing, 210029, China
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6
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de Oliveira Fagundes H, de Paiva RCD, Brêda JPLF, Fassoni-Andrade AC, Borrelli P, Fan FM. An assessment of South American sediment fluxes under climate changes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 879:163056. [PMID: 36990241 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Climate change can affect all levels of society and the planet. Recent studies have shown its effects on sediment fluxes in several locations worldwide, which can impact ecosystems and infrastructure such as reservoirs. In this study, we focused on simulating sediment fluxes using projections of future climate change for South America (SA), a continent with a high sediment transport rate to the oceans. Here, we used four climate change data yielded by the Eta Regional Climate Model: Eta-BESM, Eta-CanESM2, Eta-HadGEM2-ES, and Eta-MIROC5. In addition, it was evaluated the RCP4.5 greenhouse gas emissions scenario from CMIP5, which represents a moderate scenario. Climate change data between 1961 and 1995 (past) and 2021 and 2055 (future) were used to simulate and compare changes that may occur in water and sediment fluxes using the hydrological-hydrodynamic and sediment model MGB-SED AS. The Eta climate projections provided input data to MGB-SED AS model, such as precipitation, air surface temperature, incident solar radiation, relative humidity, wind speed, and atmospheric pressure. Our results showed sediment fluxes are expected to reduce (increase) in north-central (south-central) SA. While a sediment transport (QST) increase >30 % might occur, a 28 % decrease is expected to occur in the water discharge for the main SA basins. The most significant QST reductions were estimated for the Doce (-54 %), Tocantins (-49 %), and Xingu (-34 %) rivers, while the most significant increases were estimated for the Upper Paraná (409 %), Juruá (46 %), and Uruguay (40 %) rivers. We also observed that different climate change signals over large basins can impact the river water composition, which could lead to a new composition of the Amazon basin waters in the future, accompanied by a significant increase in sediment concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo de Oliveira Fagundes
- Hydraulic Research Institute, Federal Univerisity of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo Cauduro Dias de Paiva
- Hydraulic Research Institute, Federal Univerisity of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Alice César Fassoni-Andrade
- Hydraulic Research Institute, Federal Univerisity of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Institute of Geosciences, University of Brasília (UnB), Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Pasquale Borrelli
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Environmental Geosciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Rome, Italy
| | - Fernando Mainardi Fan
- Hydraulic Research Institute, Federal Univerisity of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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7
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Závorka L, Blanco A, Chaguaceda F, Cucherousset J, Killen SS, Liénart C, Mathieu-Resuge M, Němec P, Pilecky M, Scharnweber K, Twining CW, Kainz MJ. The role of vital dietary biomolecules in eco-evo-devo dynamics. Trends Ecol Evol 2023; 38:72-84. [PMID: 36182405 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2022.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The physiological dependence of animals on dietary intake of vitamins, amino acids, and fatty acids is ubiquitous. Sharp differences in the availability of these vital dietary biomolecules among different resources mean that consumers must adopt a range of strategies to meet their physiological needs. We review the emerging work on omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, focusing predominantly on predator-prey interactions, to illustrate that trade-off between capacities to consume resources rich in vital biomolecules and internal synthesis capacity drives differences in phenotype and fitness of consumers. This can then feedback to impact ecosystem functioning. We outline how focus on vital dietary biomolecules in eco-eco-devo dynamics can improve our understanding of anthropogenic changes across multiple levels of biological organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libor Závorka
- WasserCluster Lunz - Biologische Station, Inter-university Centre for Aquatic Ecosystem Research, A-3293 Lunz am See, Austria.
| | - Andreu Blanco
- Centro de Investigación Mariña, Universidade de Vigo, EcoCost, Campus de Vigo, As Lagoas, Marcosende, 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - Fernando Chaguaceda
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7050, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Julien Cucherousset
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique (UMR 5174 EDB), CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Shaun S Killen
- School of Biodiversity, One Health & Veterinary Medicine, Graham Kerr Building, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Camilla Liénart
- Tvärminne Zoological Station, University of Helsinki, J.A. Palménin tie 260, Hanko, 10900, Finland
| | - Margaux Mathieu-Resuge
- WasserCluster Lunz - Biologische Station, Inter-university Centre for Aquatic Ecosystem Research, A-3293 Lunz am See, Austria; Université de Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, 29280 Plouzané, Brittany, France; UMR DECOD (Ecosystem Dynamics and Sustainability), Ifremer, INRAE, Institut Agro, Plouzané, France
| | - Pavel Němec
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, CZ-12844 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Matthias Pilecky
- WasserCluster Lunz - Biologische Station, Inter-university Centre for Aquatic Ecosystem Research, A-3293 Lunz am See, Austria; Danube University Krems, Dr. Karl Dorrek Straße 30, A-3500 Krems, Austria
| | - Kristin Scharnweber
- University of Potsdam, Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, Am Mühlenberg 3, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Cornelia W Twining
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Eawag - Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Seestrasse 79, CH-6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
| | - Martin J Kainz
- WasserCluster Lunz - Biologische Station, Inter-university Centre for Aquatic Ecosystem Research, A-3293 Lunz am See, Austria; Danube University Krems, Dr. Karl Dorrek Straße 30, A-3500 Krems, Austria
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8
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Závorka L, Wallerius ML, Kainz MJ, Höjesjö J. Linking omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in natural diet with brain size of wild consumers. Oecologia 2022; 199:797-807. [PMID: 35960390 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-022-05229-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFA) are key structural lipids and their dietary intake is essential for brain development of virtually all vertebrates. The importance of n-3 LC-PUFA has been demonstrated in clinical and laboratory studies, but little is known about how differences in the availability of n-3 LC-PUFA in natural prey influence brain development of wild consumers. Consumers foraging at the interface of aquatic and terrestrial food webs can differ substantially in their intake of n-3 LC-PUFA, which may lead to differences in brain development, yet this hypothesis remains to be tested. Here we use the previously demonstrated shift towards higher reliance on n-3 LC-PUFA deprived terrestrial prey of native brown trout Salmo trutta living in sympatry with invasive brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis to explore this hypothesis. We found that the content of n-3 LC-PUFA in muscle tissues of brown trout decreased with increasing consumption of n-3 LC-PUFA deprived terrestrial prey. Brain volume was positively related to the content of the n-3 LC-PUFA, docosahexaenoic acid, in muscle tissues of brown trout. Our study thus suggests that increased reliance on diets low in n-3 LC-PUFA, such as terrestrial subsidies, can have a significant negative impact on brain development of wild trout. Our findings provide the first evidence of how brains of wild vertebrate consumers response to scarcity of n-3 LC-PUFA content in natural prey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libor Závorka
- WasserCluster Lunz, Inter-university Centre for Aquatic Ecosystem Research, 3293, Lunz am See, Austria.
| | - Magnus Lovén Wallerius
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 463, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Martin J Kainz
- WasserCluster Lunz, Inter-university Centre for Aquatic Ecosystem Research, 3293, Lunz am See, Austria.,Department of Biomedical Research, Danube University Krems, 3500, Krems, Austria
| | - Johan Höjesjö
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 463, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Heilpern SA, Sethi SA, Barthem RB, Batista VDS, Doria CRC, Duponchelle F, Vasquez AG, Goulding M, Isaac V, Naeem S, Flecker AS. Biodiversity underpins fisheries resilience to exploitation in the Amazon river basin. Proc Biol Sci 2022; 289:20220726. [PMID: 35673861 PMCID: PMC9174703 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.0726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Inland fisheries feed greater than 150 million people globally, yet their status is rarely assessed due to their socio-ecological complexity and pervasive lack of data. Here, we leverage an unprecedented landings time series from the Amazon, Earth's largest river basin, together with theoretical food web models to examine (i) taxonomic and trait-based signatures of exploitation in inland fish landings and (ii) implications of changing biodiversity for fisheries resilience. In both landings time series and theory, we find that multi-species exploitation of diverse inland fisheries results in a hump-shaped landings evenness curve. Along this trajectory, abundant and large species are sequentially replaced with faster growing and smaller species. Further theoretical analysis indicates that harvests can be maintained for a period of time but that continued biodiversity depletion reduces the pool of compensating species and consequently diminishes fisheries resilience. Critically, higher fisheries biodiversity can delay fishery collapse. Although existing landings data provide an incomplete snapshot of long-term dynamics, our results suggest that multi-species exploitation is affecting freshwater biodiversity and eroding fisheries resilience in the Amazon. More broadly, we conclude that trends in landings evenness could characterize multi-species fisheries development and aid in assessing their sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian A. Heilpern
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Suresh A. Sethi
- U.S. Geological Survey, New York Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Carolina R. C. Doria
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Porto Velho, Brazil,Laboratoire Mixte International – Evolution et Domestication de l'Ichtyofaune Amazonienne (LMI - EDIA), IIAP - UAGRM – IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Fabrice Duponchelle
- Laboratoire Mixte International – Evolution et Domestication de l'Ichtyofaune Amazonienne (LMI - EDIA), IIAP - UAGRM – IRD, Montpellier, France,Institute of Research for Development (IRD), MARBEC (Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, IRD), Montpellier, France
| | - Aurea García Vasquez
- Laboratoire Mixte International – Evolution et Domestication de l'Ichtyofaune Amazonienne (LMI - EDIA), IIAP - UAGRM – IRD, Montpellier, France,Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana, Iquitos, Peru
| | | | - Victoria Isaac
- Núcleo de Ecologia Aquática e Pesca da Amazônia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belem, Brazil
| | - Shahid Naeem
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexander S. Flecker
- Deparment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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10
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Hanley-Cook GT, Daly AJ, Remans R, Jones AD, Murray KA, Huybrechts I, De Baets B, Lachat C. Food biodiversity: Quantifying the unquantifiable in human diets. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:7837-7851. [PMID: 35297716 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2051163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Dietary diversity is an established public health principle, and its measurement is essential for studies of diet quality and food security. However, conventional between food group scores fail to capture the nutritional variability and ecosystem services delivered by dietary richness and dissimilarity within food groups, or the relative distribution (i.e., evenness or moderation) of e.g., species or varieties across whole diets. Summarizing food biodiversity in an all-encompassing index is problematic. Therefore, various diversity indices have been proposed in ecology, yet these require methodological adaption for integration in dietary assessments. In this narrative review, we summarize the key conceptual issues underlying the measurement of food biodiversity at an edible species level, assess the ecological diversity indices previously applied to food consumption and food supply data, discuss their relative suitability, and potential amendments for use in (quantitative) dietary intake studies. Ecological diversity indices are often used without justification through the lens of nutrition. To illustrate: (i) dietary species richness fails to account for the distribution of foods across the diet or their functional traits; (ii) evenness indices, such as the Gini-Simpson index, require widely accepted relative abundance units (e.g., kcal, g, cups) and evidence-based moderation weighting factors; and (iii) functional dissimilarity indices are constructed based on an arbitrary selection of distance measures, cutoff criteria, and number of phylogenetic, nutritional, and morphological traits. Disregard for these limitations can lead to counterintuitive results and ambiguous or incorrect conclusions about the food biodiversity within diets or food systems. To ensure comparability and robustness of future research, we advocate food biodiversity indices that: (i) satisfy key axioms; (ii) can be extended to account for disparity between edible species; and (iii) are used in combination, rather than in isolation.Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2022.2051163 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Giles T Hanley-Cook
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Aisling J Daly
- Department of Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Roseline Remans
- The Alliance of Bioversity International and International Centre for Tropical Agriculture, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Andrew D Jones
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Kris A Murray
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, MRC Unit The Gambia at London, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Inge Huybrechts
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Bernard De Baets
- Department of Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Carl Lachat
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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11
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Flecker AS, Shi Q, Almeida RM, Angarita H, Gomes-Selman JM, García-Villacorta R, Sethi SA, Thomas SA, Poff NL, Forsberg BR, Heilpern SA, Hamilton SK, Abad JD, Anderson EP, Barros N, Bernal IC, Bernstein R, Cañas CM, Dangles O, Encalada AC, Fleischmann AS, Goulding M, Higgins J, Jézéquel C, Larson EI, McIntyre PB, Melack JM, Montoya M, Oberdorff T, Paiva R, Perez G, Rappazzo BH, Steinschneider S, Torres S, Varese M, Walter MT, Wu X, Xue Y, Zapata-Ríos XE, Gomes CP. Reducing adverse impacts of Amazon hydropower expansion. Science 2022; 375:753-760. [PMID: 35175810 DOI: 10.1126/science.abj4017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Proposed hydropower dams at more than 350 sites throughout the Amazon require strategic evaluation of trade-offs between the numerous ecosystem services provided by Earth's largest and most biodiverse river basin. These services are spatially variable, hence collective impacts of newly built dams depend strongly on their configuration. We use multiobjective optimization to identify portfolios of sites that simultaneously minimize impacts on river flow, river connectivity, sediment transport, fish diversity, and greenhouse gas emissions while achieving energy production goals. We find that uncoordinated, dam-by-dam hydropower expansion has resulted in forgone ecosystem service benefits. Minimizing further damage from hydropower development requires considering diverse environmental impacts across the entire basin, as well as cooperation among Amazonian nations. Our findings offer a transferable model for the evaluation of hydropower expansion in transboundary basins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S Flecker
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Qinru Shi
- Institute for Computational Sustainability, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Rafael M Almeida
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.,Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Héctor Angarita
- Northern Andes and South Central America Conservation Program, The Nature Conservancy, Bogotá 110231, Colombia.,Stockholm Environment Institute Latin America, Bogotá 110231, Colombia.,Department of Biology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Roosevelt García-Villacorta
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.,Centro Peruano para la Biodiversidad y Conservación, Iquitos 16001, Perú
| | - Suresh A Sethi
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Steven A Thomas
- School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - N LeRoy Poff
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.,Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia
| | - Bruce R Forsberg
- National Institute of Amazonian Research, Manaus 69060-001, Brazil.,Vermont Department of Environmental Conservation, Montpelier, VT 05620, USA
| | - Sebastian A Heilpern
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.,Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Stephen K Hamilton
- W.K. Kellogg Biological Station and Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, Hickory Corners, MI 49060, USA.,Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545, USA
| | - Jorge D Abad
- Centro de Investigación y Tecnología del Agua, Universidad de Ingeniería y Tecnología, Lima 15063, Peru
| | - Elizabeth P Anderson
- Department of Earth and Environment and Institute of Environment, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Nathan Barros
- Department of Biology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Brazil
| | | | - Richard Bernstein
- Institute for Computational Sustainability, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.,Department of Computer Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | | | - Olivier Dangles
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, Université de Montpellier, UMR 5175, CNRS, Université Paul Valéry Montpellier, EPHE, IRD, F-34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Andrea C Encalada
- Laboratorio de Ecología Acuática, Instituto BIOSFERA, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito 170150, Ecuador
| | - Ayan S Fleischmann
- Institute of Hydraulic Research, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91501-970, Brazil
| | | | | | - Céline Jézéquel
- UMR EDB (Laboratoire Évolution et Diversité Biologique), CNRS 5174, IRD253, UPS, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Erin I Larson
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.,Institute for Culture and Environment, Alaska Pacific University, Anchorage, AK 99508, USA
| | - Peter B McIntyre
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - John M Melack
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | | | - Thierry Oberdorff
- UMR EDB (Laboratoire Évolution et Diversité Biologique), CNRS 5174, IRD253, UPS, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Rodrigo Paiva
- Institute of Hydraulic Research, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Guillaume Perez
- Institute for Computational Sustainability, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Brendan H Rappazzo
- Institute for Computational Sustainability, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.,Department of Computer Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Scott Steinschneider
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Sandra Torres
- Departamento de Ingeniería Civil y Ambiental, Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Quito 170143, Ecuador.,Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios en Recursos Hídricos, Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Quito 170143, Ecuador
| | | | - M Todd Walter
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Xiaojian Wu
- Institute for Computational Sustainability, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Yexiang Xue
- Institute for Computational Sustainability, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.,Department of Computer Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.,Department of Computer Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Xavier E Zapata-Ríos
- Departamento de Ingeniería Civil y Ambiental, Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Quito 170143, Ecuador.,Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios en Recursos Hídricos, Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Quito 170143, Ecuador
| | - Carla P Gomes
- Institute for Computational Sustainability, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.,Department of Computer Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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12
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Tregidgo D, Parry L, Barlow J, Pompeu PS. Urban market amplifies strong species selectivity in Amazonian artisanal fisheries. NEOTROPICAL ICHTHYOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-2021-0097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Despite Amazonia possessing the highest freshwater biodiversity on Earth, urban landing data show how huge fishing pressure is placed on only a dozen species. However, truly characterising the fishery and understanding the drivers of species selectivity is challenging, given the neglect of artisanal fishing activity, who may catch most of the Amazon’s fish. We register the catch of 824 fishing trips by interviewing artisanal fishers in their rural riverside communities. We use these data to characterise the artisanal fishery of the Rio Purus, the main fish source sub-system for the Amazon’s largest city (Manaus), and investigate the factors determining catch composition. Fishers caught 80 fish species, yet just four species made up over half of the harvested biomass. Urban markets appear to drive greater selectivity, with a significantly lower species diversity in commercial compared to subsistence catches. Fish catch composition varied significantly both seasonally and with geographical remoteness from Manaus. The spatial turnover in catch composition appears to be driven by urban access, with more commercially important species dominating where Manaus-based fish-buyers frequent. Our data may partially explain observed overfishing in some commercially important species, particularly as most Amazonians now live in urban areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Tregidgo
- Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Brazil; Lancaster University, United Kingdom; Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, Brazil
| | - Luke Parry
- Lancaster University, United Kingdom; Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Brazil
| | - Jos Barlow
- Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Brazil; Lancaster University, United Kingdom
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