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Wang Y, Liu S, Zhang X, Liu Y, Zhu T, Ji B, Chen J, Cheng Y, Fan W, Miao YE, Willenbacher N, Zhang C, Liu T. Thermal-Rectified Gradient Porous Nanocomposite Film Enabling Multiscenario Adaptive Radiative Cooling. ACS NANO 2025; 19:19328-19339. [PMID: 40356471 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5c02609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2025]
Abstract
Micronanoporous structures hold high potential as radiative sky-cooling materials for zero-energy thermal regulation in enclosed spaces subjected to high temperatures and direct sunlight, owing to their combination of thermal insulation and sunlight scattering features. However, their constrained ability to reflect sunlight across the entire solar spectrum, coupled with the inefficient dissipation of excess internal heat, restricts their applicability in diverse cooling scenarios. Herein, we present a gradient cross-linked polymerization strategy for preparing a gradient porous nanocomposite film. This film features a dual-gradient distribution of nanoparticle content and pore size, achieving a solar reflectance of 96.2% and demonstrating thermal rectification properties with a thermal rectification factor of 30%. Functioning effectively as a thermally rectified radiative cooling panel, this gradient film delivers energy-efficient and adaptive cooling for multiple enclosed environments, regardless of whether indoor temperatures exceed or fall below ambient outdoor temperatures. This gradient film achieves an extra cooling effect of 2.4 and 2.2 °C for unheated and self-heated enclosed environments, respectively, compared to the cooling effect using conventional porous nanocomposite films. The gradient structural design for porous structural radiative cooling materials demonstrates multiscenario adaptive radiative cooling applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Fiber Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Song Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Fiber Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Xiaobo Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Tianyi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Fiber Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Baiyu Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Fiber Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Jianglong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Fiber Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yuanbo Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Fiber Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Wei Fan
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yue-E Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Fiber Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Norbert Willenbacher
- Institute of Mechanical Process Engineering and Mechanics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
| | - Chao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Fiber Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Tianxi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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Xie AQ, Qiu H, Jiang W, Wang Y, Niu S, Zhang KQ, Ho GW, Wang XQ. Recent Advances in Spectrally Selective Daytime Radiative Cooling Materials. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2025; 17:264. [PMID: 40392366 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-025-01771-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2025] [Accepted: 04/16/2025] [Indexed: 05/22/2025]
Abstract
Daytime radiative cooling is an eco-friendly and passive cooling technology that operates without external energy input. Materials designed for this purpose are engineered to possess high reflectivity in the solar spectrum and high emissivity within the atmospheric transmission window. Unlike broadband-emissive daytime radiative cooling materials, spectrally selective daytime radiative cooling (SSDRC) materials exhibit predominant mid-infrared emission in the atmospheric transmission window. This selective mid-infrared emission suppresses thermal radiation absorption beyond the atmospheric transmission window range, thereby improving the net cooling power of daytime radiative cooling. This review elucidates the fundamental characteristics of SSDRC materials, including their molecular structures, micro- and nanostructures, optical properties, and thermodynamic principles. It also provides a comprehensive overview of the design and fabrication of SSDRC materials in three typical forms, i.e., fibrous materials, membranes, and particle coatings, highlighting their respective cooling mechanisms and performance. Furthermore, the practical applications of SSDRC in personal thermal management, outdoor building cooling, and energy harvesting are summarized. Finally, the challenges and prospects are discussed to guide researchers in advancing SSDRC materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Quan Xie
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Qiu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Wangkai Jiang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Shichao Niu
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130022, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Structured and Architected Materials, Liaoning Academy of Materials, Shenyang, 110167, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke-Qin Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ghim Wei Ho
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117583, Singapore.
| | - Xiao-Qiao Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Xu HK, Dong C, Song GL, Peng SJ, Wang YY, Yan DX. A Novel Positive Temperature Coefficient Composite with Low Curie Temperatures for Thermal Management. Macromol Rapid Commun 2025; 46:e2401064. [PMID: 40014752 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202401064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2024] [Revised: 01/27/2025] [Indexed: 03/01/2025]
Abstract
Positive temperature coefficient (PTC) materials exhibit significant potential in thermal management due to their adaptive temperature regulation. However, current PTC materials are often constrained in the thermal regulation within the low-temperature range due to the high Curie temperatures. Achieving low Curie temperatures often requires small-molecule polymer matrices, which can compromise mechanical properties and lead to phase change material leakage. To overcome this challenge, this study innovatively proposes a generalized design strategy for bi-continuous phase thermally controlled PTC composite materials (PTCCM) based on polyimide aerogel (PIA) encapsulation. PIA forms a continuous backbone structure, while 1-Tetradecanol serves as a fibrous phase change matrix. Additionally, multi-doped conductive fillers construct an efficient fiber bundle-like network. In the temperature range of 10-50 °C, the PTC strength achieves 3.55, with a low resistivity of 1.5 Ω m. Thanks to its stable PIA skeleton and perfect conductive network, PTCCM can accurately stabilize the device temperature at 29.5 ± 1.5 °C under different low-temperature environments and voltages. The temperature control accuracy is as high as 0.03 °C, presenting excellent cycling stability. These characteristics make it promising in meeting stringent thermal management demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Kang Xu
- School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Chang Dong
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Gui-Lin Song
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Shui-Juan Peng
- School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Yue-Yi Wang
- School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Ding-Xiang Yan
- School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
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4
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Zhi Y, Shao Y, Xia R, Lin W, Cai D, Zhao F, Dong J, Li Q, Wang Z, Li L, Gu L, Tian P, He Z, Wang J, Ning G, Li B, Yang C, Wang H, Yu S, Yu Y. Stretchable composites with high oxide loading. Nat Commun 2025; 16:3562. [PMID: 40234430 PMCID: PMC12000554 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-58844-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2025] [Indexed: 04/17/2025] Open
Abstract
Oxide/elastomer composites combine the functional attributes of metal oxides with the mechanical deformability of elastomers, but face the challenge of balancing oxide loading and stretchability as ceramic fillers decrease the entropic elasticity of polymer networks. Here, we report an interfacial composite design that enables high oxide fraction and large stretchability by minimizing the contact area yet maximizing the binding strength between the oxide and elastomer. The elongation at break for an interfacial composite with 80 vol% of oxides reaches 500%, whereas that of a regular bulk composite with the same oxide fraction is 20%. These composites are synthesized based on a Marangoni co-assembly process with tuned interfacial tension and reaction at the water-oil interface. The assembly chemistry is nearly independent of oxides' sizes, compositions, geometries, and functions, making this interfacial structure broadly applicable to optical, electric, magnetic, and thermal-conducting oxides. Compared to bulk composites, the interfacial composites deliver larger magnetic actuation, lower thermal resistance, and higher conformability with nonplanar surfaces, providing rich implications for designing intelligent and electronic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinglin Zhi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yan Shao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, China
| | - Rui Xia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Weikun Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Daohang Cai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Fuxing Zhao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Sustainable Biomimetic Materials, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sustainable Biomimetic Materials and Green Energy, Institute of Innovative Materials, Guangming Advanced Research Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jiufeng Dong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Qingxian Li
- Department of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zihao Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Lixuan Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Long Gu
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Xidian University, Xi'an, 710071, China
| | - Peng Tian
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Zhen He
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Sustainable Biomimetic Materials, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sustainable Biomimetic Materials and Green Energy, Institute of Innovative Materials, Guangming Advanced Research Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jinlong Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Sustainable Biomimetic Materials, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sustainable Biomimetic Materials and Green Energy, Institute of Innovative Materials, Guangming Advanced Research Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Guiling Ning
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Baowen Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Canhui Yang
- Department of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Shuhong Yu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Sustainable Biomimetic Materials, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sustainable Biomimetic Materials and Green Energy, Institute of Innovative Materials, Guangming Advanced Research Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Department of Chemistry, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials, Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Yanhao Yu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Sustainable Biomimetic Materials, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sustainable Biomimetic Materials and Green Energy, Institute of Innovative Materials, Guangming Advanced Research Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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5
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Wang T, Liu Y, Dong Y, Yin X, Lei D, Dai J. Colored Radiative Cooling: from Photonic Approaches to Fluorescent Colors and Beyond. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2025; 37:e2414300. [PMID: 40040298 PMCID: PMC12004913 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202414300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2024] [Revised: 02/12/2025] [Indexed: 03/06/2025]
Abstract
Radiative cooling technology is gaining prominence as a sustainable solution for improving thermal comfort and reducing energy consumption associated with cooling demands. To meet diverse functional requirements such as aesthetics, switchable cooling, camouflage, and colored smart windows, color is often preferred over a white opaque appearance in the design of radiative cooling materials. Colored radiative cooling (CRC) has emerged as a prevailing technology not only for achieving a colorful appearance but also for increasing the effective solar reflectance to enhance cooling performance (through the incorporation of fluorescent materials). This paper reviews recent advancements in CRC and its profound impact on energy savings and real-world applications. After introducing the fundamentals of CRC and color characterization, various photonic approaches are explored that leverage resonant structures to achieve coloration in radiative cooling, comparing them with conventional coloration methods based on optical materials like fluorescent pigments that can convert absorbed ultraviolet light into visible-light emission. Furthermore, the review delves into self-adaptive CRC materials featuring dynamic optical modulation that responds to temperature fluctuations. Lastly, the potential application of CRC materials is assessed, a comprehensive outlook on their future development is offered, and the critical challenges in practical applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong999077China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringDepartment of PhysicsCenter for Functional PhotonicsHong Kong Branch of National Precious Metals Material Engineering Research Centre, and Hong Kong Institute of Clean EnergyCity University of Hong KongHong Kong999077China
| | - You Dong
- Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong999077China
| | - Xiaobo Yin
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringThe University of Hong KongHong Kong999077China
| | - Dangyuan Lei
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringDepartment of PhysicsCenter for Functional PhotonicsHong Kong Branch of National Precious Metals Material Engineering Research Centre, and Hong Kong Institute of Clean EnergyCity University of Hong KongHong Kong999077China
| | - Jian‐Guo Dai
- Department of Architecture and Civil EngineeringCity University of Hong KongHong Kong999077China
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Guo C, Li C, Qiao Z, Lei C, Ju Z, Zhang Y, Zhang Q, Fu Q, Wu K. Crack-Resistant and Self-Healable Passive Radiative Cooling Silicone Compounds. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2025; 37:e2500738. [PMID: 40018766 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202500738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2025] [Revised: 02/14/2025] [Indexed: 03/01/2025]
Abstract
Crack damage and expansion are prevalent issues in outdoor materials, which absorb or transmit sunlight to damaged areas, substantially impairing the functionality of passive radiative cooling systems. Herein, a silicone/dielectric radiative cooling compound is introduced that is both self-healing and crack-resistant, developed through the synthesis of a dynamic and crack-resistant polymer/dielectric hydrogen bond network. This network incorporates boron nitride dielectrics, which serve as sunlight scatterers and hydrogen bond acceptors, with customized silicone polymer featuring high atmospheric window emissive chain segments and UV-vis-NIR transparent hydrogen bond moieties. When cracks form, the polymer's chain mobility allows the hydrogen bond moieties in boron nitride and silicone to re-associate, realizing self-healing of cracks from micrometers to millimeters wide and restoring cooling performance to ≈100%. The combination of rigid boron nitride and sacrificial hydrogen bonds in polymer also enhances the materials' fracture energy to 865%, effectively preventing further crack propagation under stress through autonomous crack blunting and deflection. These remarkable characteristics make this radiative cooling compound highly suited for increasingly complex, dynamic, and prolonged outdoor application environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Guo
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymer Materials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Chuanlong Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymer Materials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Zeshuang Qiao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymer Materials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Chuxin Lei
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Zhengyu Ju
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Yongzheng Zhang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymer Materials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymer Materials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymer Materials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Kai Wu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymer Materials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
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7
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Park M. Recent Advances in Wearable Thermal Devices for Virtual and Augmented Reality. MICROMACHINES 2025; 16:383. [PMID: 40283260 PMCID: PMC12029164 DOI: 10.3390/mi16040383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2025] [Revised: 03/20/2025] [Accepted: 03/25/2025] [Indexed: 04/29/2025]
Abstract
Thermal technologies that effectively deliver thermal stimulation through skin-integrated systems and enable temperature perception via the activation of cutaneous thermoreceptors are key to enhancing immersive experiences in virtual and augmented reality (VR/AR) through multisensory engagement. However, recent advancements and commercial adoption have predominantly focused on haptic rather than thermal technology. This review provides an overview of recent advancements in wearable thermal devices (WTDs) designed to reconstruct artificial thermal sensations for VR/AR applications. It examines key thermal stimulation parameters, including stimulation area, magnitude, and duration, with a focus on thermal perception mechanisms and thermoreceptor distribution in the skin. Input power requirements for surpassing thermal perception thresholds are discussed based on analytical modeling. Material choices for WTDs, including metal nanowires, carbon nanotubes, liquid metals, thermoelectric devices, and passive cooling elements, are introduced. The functionalities, device designs, operation modes, fabrication processes, and electrical and mechanical properties of various WTDs are analyzed. Representative applications illustrate how flexible, thin WTDs enable immersive VR/AR experiences through spatiotemporal, programmable stimulation. A concluding section summarizes key challenges and future opportunities in advancing skin-integrated VR/AR systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minsu Park
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Dankook University, 152 Jukjeon-ro, Yongin 16890, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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8
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Liu J, Ji B, Zhong Y, Zhang L, Wang B, Feng X, Xu H, Mao Z. Photoluminescent Core-Shell Structural Porous Fibers-Based Metafabric for Colored Daytime Passive Radiative Cooling. ACS NANO 2025; 19:10263-10276. [PMID: 40050255 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c17745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2025]
Abstract
Passive radiative cooling technology provides a sustainable thermal management strategy for outdoor workers under extremely hot environments. However, daytime radiative cooling textiles typically appear white or mirror-like due to the near-complete reflection of sunlight, which poses a significant limitation for outdoor applications where visual aesthetics are important. Herein, we designed colored photoluminescent radiative cooling (CPRC) metafabrics, which are woven from carbon-dot-based coaxial porous fibers, to achieve effective radiative cooling without sacrificing color aesthetics. The coaxial porous fibers are designed with a nanostructured light-scattering shell layer and an enhanced mid-infrared emission core layer, which together improve sunlight reflection and human infrared thermal radiation. Leveraging the photoluminescent properties of carbon dots, the CPRC metafabrics enable selective adsorption of visible light to display vivid colors while re-emitting photons to reduce solar heat generation, achieving a high light-to-photon conversion efficiency of 48.3%. Consequently, the CPRC metafabric with its colorful appearance demonstrates a maximum net cooling power of 69.2 W m-2, offering average cooling temperatures that are 3.7 and 3.6 °C lower than those of colored commercial wool and dye-based fabric, respectively. Furthermore, the CPRC metafabrics possess self-sensing health monitoring capability and long-time durability, ensuring both safety and thermal comfort for outdoor workers. This work effectively addresses the long-standing problem of integrating color aesthetics with daytime radiative cooling textiles, facilitating the development and application of next-generation wearable energy-saving textiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinru Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Dyeing and Finishing of Textiles, Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P.R. China
| | - Bolin Ji
- National Engineering Research Center for Dyeing and Finishing of Textiles, Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P.R. China
| | - Yi Zhong
- National Engineering Research Center for Dyeing and Finishing of Textiles, Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P.R. China
| | - Linping Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Dyeing and Finishing of Textiles, Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P.R. China
| | - Bijia Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Dyeing and Finishing of Textiles, Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P.R. China
| | - Xueling Feng
- National Engineering Research Center for Dyeing and Finishing of Textiles, Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P.R. China
| | - Hong Xu
- National Engineering Research Center for Dyeing and Finishing of Textiles, Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P.R. China
| | - Zhiping Mao
- National Engineering Research Center for Dyeing and Finishing of Textiles, Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P.R. China
- National Manufacturing Innovation Center of Advanced Dyeing and Finishing Technology, Taian, Shandong 271000, P.R. China
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9
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Chow L, Zhang Q, Huang X, Zhang J, Zhou J, Zhu B, Li J, Huang Y, Zhang B, Li J, Wu P, Gao Y, Gao Z, Zhao G, Yao K, Liu Y, Yip J, Yang Z, Yu X. Army Ant Nest Inspired Adaptive Textile for Smart Thermal Regulation and Healthcare Monitoring. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2025; 37:e2406798. [PMID: 39623795 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202406798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 10/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2025]
Abstract
A textile material that can dynamically adapt to different environments while serving as an immediate alert system for early detection of life-threatening factors in the surroundings, not only enhances the individual's health management but also contributes to a reduction in energy consumption for space cooling and/or heating. In nature, different species have their own adaptation system to ambient temperature. Inspired by the army ant nest, herein a thermal adaptive textile known as Army ant Nest Textile (ANT) for thermal management and health monitoring is reported. This textile can promptly respond to perspiration, rapidly absorb sweat, and then transform its architecture to facilitate heat dissipation. Simultaneously, the colorimetric sensing function of ANT allows it to emulate the "site migration" behavior of the army ant nest, which empowers individuals to expeditiously identify multiple health-related signals such as body temperature, UV radiation, and sweat pH values, and warn them to move to a secure environment, thereby effectively reducing the likelihood of physical harm. Together with its excellent scalability and biocompatibility, the ANT offers a promising direction for the development of next-generation smart e-textiles for personal thermal and healthcare management, while satisfying the growing demand for energy saving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lung Chow
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Institute of Digital Medicine, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Xingcan Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Jingkun Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Hong Kong Centre for Cerebro-Cardiovascular Health Engineering, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Bo Zhu
- Division of Science, Engineering and Health Studies, College of Professional and Continuing Education, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Jiyu Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Hong Kong Centre for Cerebro-Cardiovascular Health Engineering, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Ya Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Binbin Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Hong Kong Centre for Cerebro-Cardiovascular Health Engineering, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Hong Kong Centre for Cerebro-Cardiovascular Health Engineering, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Pengcheng Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Yuyu Gao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Zhan Gao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Guangyao Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Kuanming Yao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Yiming Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Joanne Yip
- School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Zhihui Yang
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzho, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Xinge Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Institute of Digital Medicine, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Hong Kong Centre for Cerebro-Cardiovascular Health Engineering, Hong Kong, 999077, China
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10
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Wang Z, Zhang D, Yang L, Allam O, Gao Y, Su Y, Xu M, Mo S, Wu Q, Wang Z, Liu J, He J, Li R, Jia X, Li Z, Yang L, Weber MD, Yu Y, Zhang X, Marks TJ, Stingelin N, Kacher J, Jang SS, Facchetti A, Shao M. Mechanically robust and stretchable organic solar cells plasticized by small-molecule acceptors. Science 2025; 387:381-387. [PMID: 39847644 DOI: 10.1126/science.adp9709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 10/09/2024] [Accepted: 12/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2025]
Abstract
Emerging wearable devices would benefit from integrating ductile photovoltaic light-harvesting power sources. In this work, we report a small-molecule acceptor (SMA), also known as a non-fullerene acceptor (NFA), designed for stretchable organic solar cell (s-OSC) blends with large mechanical compliance and performance. Blends of the organosilane-functionalized SMA BTP-Si4 with the polymer donor PNTB6-Cl achieved a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of >16% and ultimate strain (εu) of >95%. Typical SMAs suppress OSC blend ductility, but the addition of BTP-Si4 enhances it. Although BTP-Si4 is less crystalline than other SMAs, it retains considerable electron mobility and is highly miscible with PNTB6-Cl and is essential for enhancing εu. Thus, s-OSCs with PCE > 14% and operating normally under various deformations (>80% PCE retention under an 80% strain) were demonstrated. Analysis of several SMA-polymer blends revealed general molecular structure-miscibility-stretchability relationships for designing ductile blends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenye Wang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lvpeng Yang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Omar Allam
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yerun Gao
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Su
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Meichen Xu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Songmin Mo
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qinghe Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Junfeng Liu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiayi He
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Li
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xingwang Jia
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhilin Li
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Long Yang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mark D Weber
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yu Yu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinliang Zhang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tobin J Marks
- Department of Chemistry, Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- The Trienens Center for Sustainability and Energy, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Natalie Stingelin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Josh Kacher
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Seung Soon Jang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Antonio Facchetti
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- The Trienens Center for Sustainability and Energy, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Ming Shao
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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11
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Liu R, Wang S, Zhou Z, Zhang K, Wang G, Chen C, Long Y. Materials in Radiative Cooling Technologies. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2025; 37:e2401577. [PMID: 38497602 PMCID: PMC11733833 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202401577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Radiative cooling (RC) is a carbon-neutral cooling technology that utilizes thermal radiation to dissipate heat from the Earth's surface to the cold outer space. Research in the field of RC has garnered increasing interest from both academia and industry due to its potential to drive sustainable economic and environmental benefits to human society by reducing energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions from conventional cooling systems. Materials innovation is the key to fully exploit the potential of RC. This review aims to elucidate the materials development with a focus on the design strategy including their intrinsic properties, structural formations, and performance improvement. The main types of RC materials, i.e., static-homogeneous, static-composite, dynamic, and multifunctional materials, are systematically overviewed. Future trends, possible challenges, and potential solutions are presented with perspectives in the concluding part, aiming to provide a roadmap for the future development of advanced RC materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Liu
- Department of Electronic EngineeringThe Chinese University of Hong KongNew TerritoriesHong Kong SAR999077China
| | - Shancheng Wang
- Department of Electronic EngineeringThe Chinese University of Hong KongNew TerritoriesHong Kong SAR999077China
| | - Zhengui Zhou
- Department of Electronic EngineeringThe Chinese University of Hong KongNew TerritoriesHong Kong SAR999077China
| | - Keyi Zhang
- Department of Electronic EngineeringThe Chinese University of Hong KongNew TerritoriesHong Kong SAR999077China
| | - Guanya Wang
- Department of Electronic EngineeringThe Chinese University of Hong KongNew TerritoriesHong Kong SAR999077China
| | - Changyuan Chen
- Department of Electronic EngineeringThe Chinese University of Hong KongNew TerritoriesHong Kong SAR999077China
| | - Yi Long
- Department of Electronic EngineeringThe Chinese University of Hong KongNew TerritoriesHong Kong SAR999077China
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12
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Zhou S, Chen F, Cheng Z, Gao C, He Z, Wang S, Jiang L, Dai H, Dong Z. Rapid water drainage on human eyelashes of a hydrophobic Brachistochrone fiber array. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadr2135. [PMID: 39705366 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adr2135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 11/18/2024] [Indexed: 12/22/2024]
Abstract
Numerous organisms exploit asymmetrical capillary forces generated by unique fiber or asymmetrical tapered structures to rapidly eliminate undesired liquid for survival in moist or rainy habitats. Human eyelashes, the primary protector of eyes, use a yet-to-be-fully-understood mechanism to efficiently transfer incoming liquid for vision safeguarding. Here, we elucidate that human eyelashes featuring a hydrophobic curved flexible fiber array with surface micro-ratchet and macro-curvature approximating the Brachistochrone is adept at directionally and rapidly expelling incoming liquid to maintain clear vision. These structural attributes are sequentially used for liquid drainage, starting from anisotropic retention via micro-ratchet, followed by the elastic expulsion among deflected hydrophobic flexible fiber arrays and culminating in the fastest sliding off along a Brachistochrone path, which together reduce the contact time by about 20% of that on rigid linear slopes. Investigating the intricate relationship between multistructure and draining efficiency of human eyelashes may inspire the design of advanced liquid-repelling edges on outdoor devices to maintain dryness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fenglin Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ziyang Cheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Can Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zengyi He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shutao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haoyu Dai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhichao Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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13
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Mishra B, Sundaram S, Sasihithlu K. Cooling Performance of TiO 2-Based Radiative Cooling Coating in Tropical Conditions. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:49494-49502. [PMID: 39713632 PMCID: PMC11656601 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c07223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2024] [Revised: 10/04/2024] [Accepted: 11/25/2024] [Indexed: 12/24/2024]
Abstract
The cooling power of radiative cooling (RC) coatings depends not only on the radiative properties of the coating but also on environmental variables. In tropical environments, the cooling performance of RC coatings deteriorates due to high humidity and high solar radiation. Previous studies focused on developing high solar-reflective coatings to achieve subambient cooling in tropical environments. However, these coatings have not demonstrated the ability to be used at a large scale, mainly due to their high cost or less durability. Herein, we test an RC paint coating composed of TiO2 and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) in three different cities with high and moderate humidity levels. Though a significant reduction in the internal temperature of an RC paint-coated aluminum (Al) box is observed, compared to an uncoated Al box, in both high and moderate humidity environments, subambient cooling is not achieved. A comprehensive analysis is conducted to clarify the reasons behind the inability to attain subambient cooling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Karthik Sasihithlu
- Department of Energy Science
and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology
Bombay, Mumbai 400076, Maharashtra, India
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14
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Wu P, Gu J, Liu X, Ren Y, Mi X, Zhan W, Zhang X, Wang H, Ji X, Yue Z, Liang J. A Robust Core-Shell Nanofabric with Personal Protection, Health Monitoring and Physical Comfort for Smart Sportswear. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2411131. [PMID: 39370585 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202411131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2024] [Revised: 09/26/2024] [Indexed: 10/08/2024]
Abstract
Smart textiles with a high level of personal protection, health monitoring, physical comfort, and wearing durability are highly demanded in clothing for harsh application scenarios, such as modern sportswear. However, seamlessly integrating such a smart clothing system has been a long-sought but challenging goal. Herein, based on coaxial electrospinning techniques, a smart non-woven textile (Smart-NT) integrated with high impact resistance is developed, multisensory functions, and radiative cooling effects. This Smart-NT is comprised of core-shell nanofibers with an ionic conductive polymer sheath and an impact-stiffening polymer core. The soft smart textile, with a thickness of only 800 µm, can attenuate over 60% of impact force, sense pressure stimulus with sensitivity up to 201.5 kPa-1, achieve temperature sensing resolution of 0.1 °C, and reduce skin temperature by ≈17 °C under a solar intensity of 1 kW m-2. In addition, the stretchable Smart-NT is highly durable and robust, retaining its multifunction features over 10 000 bending and multiple washing cycles. Finally, application scenarios are demonstrated for real-time health monitoring, body protection, and physical comfort of smart sportswear based on Smart-NT for outdoor sports. The strategy opens a new avenue for seamless integration of smart clothing systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiqi Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Jianfeng Gu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Xue Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Yichen Ren
- Department of Microelectronics, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqian Mi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Weiqing Zhan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Xinmin Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Huihui Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Xinyi Ji
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Zhao Yue
- Department of Microelectronics, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Jiajie Liang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
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15
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Lin C, Li K, Li M, Dopphoopha B, Zheng J, Wang J, Du S, Li Y, Huang B. Pushing Radiative Cooling Technology to Real Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2409738. [PMID: 39415410 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202409738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2024] [Revised: 09/08/2024] [Indexed: 10/18/2024]
Abstract
Radiative cooling is achieved by controlling surface optical behavior toward solar and thermal radiation, offering promising solutions for mitigating global warming, promoting energy saving, and enhancing environmental protection. Despite significant efforts to develop optical surfaces in various forms, five primary challenges remain for practical applications: enhancing optical efficiency, maintaining appearance, managing overcooling, improving durability, and enabling scalable manufacturing. However, a comprehensive review bridging these gaps is currently lacking. This work begins by introducing the optical fundamentals of radiative cooling and its potential applications. It then explores the challenges and discusses advanced solutions through structural design, material selection, and fabrication processes. It aims to provide guidance for future research and industrial development of radiative cooling technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongjia Lin
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Keqiao Li
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Benjamin Dopphoopha
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Jiongzhi Zheng
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, 14 Engineering Dr, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Jiazheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology of Zhejiang Province, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Shanshan Du
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology of Zhejiang Province, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology of Zhejiang Province, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Baoling Huang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- HKUST Shenzhen-Hong Kong Collaborative Innovation Research Institute Futian, Shenzhen, 518000, China
- Thrust of Sustainable Energy and Environment, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Guangzhou, 511400, China
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16
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Jiang C, He L, Xuan Q, Liao Y, Dai JG, Lei D. Phase-change VO 2-based thermochromic smart windows. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2024; 13:255. [PMID: 39294120 PMCID: PMC11410829 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-024-01560-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/20/2024]
Abstract
Thermochromic coatings hold promise in reducing building energy consumption by dynamically regulating the heat gain of windows, which are often regarded as less energy-efficient components, across different seasons. Vanadium dioxide (VO2) stands out as a versatile thermochromic material for smart windows owing to its reversible metal-to-insulator transition (MIT) alongside correlated structural and optical properties. In this review, we delve into recent advancements in the phase-change VO2-based thermochromic coatings for smart windows, spanning from the macroscopic crystal level to the microscopic structural level (including elemental doping and micro/nano-engineering), as well as advances in controllable fabrication. It is notable that hybridizing functional elements/materials (e.g., W, Mo/SiO2, TiN) with VO2 in delicate structural designs (e.g., core-shell, optical cavity) brings new degrees of freedom for controlling the thermochromic properties, including the MIT temperature, luminous transmittance, solar-energy modulation ability and building-relevant multi-functionality. Additionally, we provide an overview of alternative chromogenic materials that could potentially complement or surpass the intrinsic limitations of VO2. By examining the landscape of emerging materials, we aim to broaden the scope of possibilities for smart window technologies. We also offer insights into the current challenges and prospects of VO2-based thermochromic smart windows, presenting a roadmap for advancing this field towards enhanced energy efficiency and sustainable building design. In summary, this review innovatively categorizes doping strategies and corresponding effects of VO2, underscores their crucial NIR-energy modulation ability for smart windows, pioneers a theoretical analysis of inverse core-shell structures, prioritizes practical engineering strategies for solar modulation in VO2 films, and summarizes complementary chromogenic materials, thus ultimately advancing VO2-based smart window technologies with a fresh perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cancheng Jiang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Centre for Functional Photonics, and Hong Kong Branch of National Precious Metals Material Engineering Research Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Lanyue He
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Centre for Functional Photonics, and Hong Kong Branch of National Precious Metals Material Engineering Research Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Qingdong Xuan
- Department of Refrigeration and Cryogenics Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Yuan Liao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Centre for Functional Photonics, and Hong Kong Branch of National Precious Metals Material Engineering Research Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Jian-Guo Dai
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Dangyuan Lei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Centre for Functional Photonics, and Hong Kong Branch of National Precious Metals Material Engineering Research Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China.
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17
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Wang Q, Luo J, Lv Z, Wu T, Zhang L, Zhong Y, Xu H, Mao Z. Scalable, Controlled Bimodal Pore-Structured Polymer Coating for Efficient Passive Daytime Radiative Cooling. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:46761-46770. [PMID: 39177240 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c03791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Outdoor thermal irritation poses a serious threat to public health, with the frequent occurrence of increasingly intense heat waves. With the global goal of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, there is an urgent need for a strategy that is efficient and can provide localized outdoor cooling without an intensive energy input. This paper demonstrated a rapidly formable polyurethane-based coating with controlled bimodal spherical micropores. Nano-Al2O3 particles (300 nm) embedded in the polymer were used for targeted enhancement of reflectance at 0.38-0.5 wavelengths. The enhanced film reflected 93% solar irradiance and selectively transmitted 95% thermal radiation (8-13 μm), enabling rapid cooling and the creation of a comfortable thermal microclimate to avoid overheating of 6-11 °C during daytime conditions. The ultrawide material compatibility and excellent adaptive mechanical strength of polyurethane-based coatings are expected to benefit the sustainable development of society in a wide range of fields, from health to economics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Wang
- Key Lab of Science and Technology of Eco-textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
- Shanghai Belt and Road Joint Laboratory of Textile Intelligent Manufacturing, Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Jiawei Luo
- Key Lab of Science and Technology of Eco-textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
- Shanghai Belt and Road Joint Laboratory of Textile Intelligent Manufacturing, Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Ze Lv
- Key Lab of Science and Technology of Eco-textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
- Shanghai Belt and Road Joint Laboratory of Textile Intelligent Manufacturing, Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Key Lab of Science and Technology of Eco-textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
- Shanghai Belt and Road Joint Laboratory of Textile Intelligent Manufacturing, Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Linping Zhang
- Key Lab of Science and Technology of Eco-textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
- Shanghai Belt and Road Joint Laboratory of Textile Intelligent Manufacturing, Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yi Zhong
- Key Lab of Science and Technology of Eco-textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
- Shanghai Belt and Road Joint Laboratory of Textile Intelligent Manufacturing, Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Hong Xu
- Key Lab of Science and Technology of Eco-textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
- Shanghai Belt and Road Joint Laboratory of Textile Intelligent Manufacturing, Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Zhiping Mao
- Key Lab of Science and Technology of Eco-textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
- Shanghai Belt and Road Joint Laboratory of Textile Intelligent Manufacturing, Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
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18
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Tang W, Zhan Y, Yang J, Meng X, Zhu X, Li Y, Lin T, Jiang L, Zhao Z, Wang S. Cascaded Heteroporous Nanocomposites for Thermo-Adaptive Passive Radiation Cooling. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2310923. [PMID: 39075820 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202310923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Passive radiative cooling is a promising technology for heat dissipation that does not consume energy. However, current radiative cooling materials can only exhibit subambient cooling under atmospheric conditions and struggle to process specific heat accumulation. Thus, a passive thermal regulation mechanism adapted to wide-temperature-range applications is required to match device heating systems. Herein, a heteroporous nanocomposite film (HENF) with thermo-adaptive radiation cooling performance is reported. Compared to conventional porous cooling films with limited scattering efficiencies, the HENFs with multistage scattering have a strong emissivity of 96.5% (8-13 µm) and a high reflectivity of 97.3% (0.3-2.5 µm), resulting in an ultrahigh cooling power of 114 W m-2. In such HENFs, theoretical analyses have confirmed the spectrum management superiority of the heteroporous unit in terms of the scattering efficiency strength, with their cascading effect enhancing the overall film-cooling efficiency. The high mechanical performance, phase-transition features, and environmental adaptive properties of HENFs are also exhibited. Importantly, HENFs synergistically couple thermal dissipation and absorption to effectively process heat accumulation and counteract thermal shock in heating devices. It is anticipated that thermo-adaptive HENFs will act as a promising platform for device surface thermal regulation over a wide temperature range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiming Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yaohui Zhan
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, Soochow University, Soochow, 215006, P. R. China
| | - Jingrun Yang
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xue Meng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xingyue Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yong Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Tianyi Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Lei Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Ziguang Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Shutao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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19
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Gao Z, Wang H, Ren P, Zheng G, Lu Y, Peng B, Tang Z, Wu Y, Wang H. Metainterfaces with mechanical, thermal, and active programming properties based on programmable orientation-distributed biometric architectonics. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024; 11:4037-4053. [PMID: 39016066 DOI: 10.1039/d4mh00570h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Interfaces between different materials crucially determine the performance of multi-material systems, impacting a wide range of industries. Currently, precisely programming interfaces with distinct properties at different localized interface positions remains a challenge, leading to limited interface adaptability and unpredictable interface failures, thus hindering the development of next-generation materials and engineering systems with highly customizable multiphysical interface performances. Our research introduces programmable "metainterfaces" for the first time, featuring engineerable biometric architectonics that allows for mechanically, thermally, and actively programmed distribution of interfacial effects by its orientation, driven by artificial intelligence. Enabled by metainterfaces, we showcased improved mechanical properties of future composite metamaterials by programming interface resistance customized to the decoupling modes of distinct lattice topologies. Additionally, we demonstrate enhanced and programmable impact mechanics in fish scale assemblies equipped with pre-programmed metainterface sheets. The proposed metainterface also allows for coolant flow programming in thermal management systems, opening new avenues for development of highly customizable thermos-mechanical systems. Additionally, we introduce digitally controlled "metadisks" enabled by metainterfaces as novel solutions for actively programmable interface systems in robotics, offering real-time adaptive and intelligent interfacial mechanics. This research sets the foundation for next-generation multi-material systems with precisely programmed interfacial effects, offering broad applicability in areas such as smart materials, advanced thermal management, and intelligent robotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyang Gao
- State Key Labortory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Hongze Wang
- State Key Labortory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Institute of Alumics Materials, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (Anhui), Huaibei, 235000, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Material Laser Processing and Modification, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Anhui Province Industrial Generic Technology Research Center for Alumics Materials, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, PR China
| | - Pengyuan Ren
- State Key Labortory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Gengchen Zheng
- State Key Labortory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yang Lu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Bokang Peng
- State Key Labortory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zijue Tang
- State Key Labortory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yi Wu
- State Key Labortory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Institute of Alumics Materials, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (Anhui), Huaibei, 235000, China
- Anhui Province Industrial Generic Technology Research Center for Alumics Materials, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, PR China
| | - Haowei Wang
- State Key Labortory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Institute of Alumics Materials, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (Anhui), Huaibei, 235000, China
- Anhui Province Industrial Generic Technology Research Center for Alumics Materials, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, PR China
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20
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Di P, Yuan Y, Xiao M, Xu Z, Liu Y, Huang C, Xu G, Zhang L, Wan P. A Flexible Skin Bionic Thermally Comfortable Wearable for Machine Learning-Facilitated Ultrasensitive Sensing. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2401800. [PMID: 38924313 PMCID: PMC11348057 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202401800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Tremendous popularity is observed for multifunctional flexible electronics with appealing applications in intelligent electronic skins, human-machine interfaces, and healthcare sensing. However, the reported sensing electronics, mostly can hardly provide ultrasensitive sensing sensitivity, wider sensing range, and robust cycling stability simultaneously, and are limited of efficient heat conduction out from the contacted skin interface after wearing flexible electronics on human skin to satisfy thermal comfort of human skin. Inspired from the ultrasensitive tactile perception microstructure (epidermis/spinosum/signal transmission) of human skin, a flexible comfortably wearable ultrasensitive electronics is hereby prepared from thermal conductive boron nitride nanosheets-incorporated polyurethane elastomer matrix with MXene nanosheets-coated surface microdomes as epidermis/spinosum layers assembled with interdigitated electrode as sensing signal transmission layer. It demonstrates appealing sensing performance with ultrasensitive sensitivity (≈288.95 kPa-1), up to 300 kPa sensing range, and up to 20 000 sensing cycles from obvious contact area variation between microdome microstructures and the contact electrode under external compression. Furthermore, the bioinspired electronics present advanced thermal management by timely efficient thermal dissipation out from the contacted skin surface to meet human skin thermal comfort with the incorporated thermal conductive boron nitride nanosheets. Thus, it is vitally promising in wearable artificial electronic skins, intelligent human-interactive sensing, and personal health management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengju Di
- College of Materials Science and EngineeringState Key Laboratory of Organic‐Inorganic CompositesBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing100029China
| | - Yue Yuan
- College of Materials Science and EngineeringState Key Laboratory of Organic‐Inorganic CompositesBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing100029China
| | - Mingyue Xiao
- College of Materials Science and EngineeringState Key Laboratory of Organic‐Inorganic CompositesBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing100029China
| | - Zhishan Xu
- College of Materials Science and EngineeringState Key Laboratory of Organic‐Inorganic CompositesBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing100029China
| | - Yicong Liu
- School of Artificial IntelligenceBeijing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsBeijing100876China
| | - Chenlin Huang
- College of Materials Science and EngineeringState Key Laboratory of Organic‐Inorganic CompositesBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing100029China
| | - Guangyuan Xu
- School of Artificial IntelligenceBeijing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsBeijing100876China
| | - Liqun Zhang
- College of Materials Science and EngineeringState Key Laboratory of Organic‐Inorganic CompositesBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing100029China
| | - Pengbo Wan
- College of Materials Science and EngineeringState Key Laboratory of Organic‐Inorganic CompositesBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing100029China
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21
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Yue Y, Yang X, Yang K, Li K, Liu Z, Wang F, Zhang R, Huang J, Wang Z, Zhang L, Xin G. Highly Thermally Conductive Super-Aligned Boron Nitride Nanotube Films for Flexible Electronics Thermal Management. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:33971-33980. [PMID: 38898423 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c05971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Flexible electronics toward high integration, miniaturization, and multifunctionality, leading to a dramatic increase in power density. However, the low thermal conductivity of flexible substrates impedes efficient heat dissipation and device performance improvement. In this work, we propose a template-assisted chemical conversion strategy for obtaining boron nitride nanotube (BNNT) films with high thermal conductivity and great flexibility. Aligned carbon nanotube (CNT) films have been adopted as templates; a low-temperature chemical conversion followed by a high-temperature annealing has been carried out to produce a highly ordered BNNT film. Benefiting from the high orientation order, the BNNT film exhibits an exceptional thermal conductivity of 45.5 W m-1 K-1 and presents excellent heat dissipation capability, much superior to the commonly used polyimide film. Furthermore, the BNNT film demonstrated excellent flexibility and high insulation resistance. The test of integration with film resistors demonstrated its potential as a thermally conductive substrate for electronics cooling. This work provides a solution for the effective thermal management of flexible electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yue
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center & School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiaoran Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Kai Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Kangyong Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zexin Liu
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center & School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Fanfan Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jian Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Lifu Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Guoqing Xin
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center & School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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22
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Qin M, Jia K, Usman A, Han S, Xiong F, Han H, Jin Y, Aftab W, Geng X, Ma B, Ashraf Z, Gao S, Wang Y, Shen Z, Zou R. High-Efficiency Thermal-Shock Resistance Enabled by Radiative Cooling and Latent Heat Storage. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2314130. [PMID: 38428436 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202314130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Radiative cooling technology is well known for its subambient temperature cooling performance under sunlight radiation. However, the intrinsic maximum cooling power of radiative cooling limits the performance when the objects meet the thermal shock. Here, a dual-function strategy composed of radiative cooling and latent heat storage simultaneously enabling the efficient subambient cooling and high-efficiency thermal-shock resistance performance is proposed. The electrospinning and absorption-pressing methods are used to assemble the dual-function cooler. The high sunlight reflectivity and high mid-infrared emissivity of radiative film allow excellent subambient temperature of 5.1 °C. When subjected the thermal shock, the dual-function cooler demonstrates a pinning effect of huge temperature drop of 39 °C and stable low-temperature level by isothermal heat absorption compared with the traditional radiative cooler. The molten phase change materials provide the heat-time transfer effect by converting thermal-shock heat to the delayed preservation. This strategy paves a powerful way to protect the objects from thermal accumulation and high-temperature damage, expanding the applications of radiative cooling and latent heat storage technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mulin Qin
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Theory and Technology of Advanced Battery Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Kaihang Jia
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Ali Usman
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Theory and Technology of Advanced Battery Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Shenghui Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Theory and Technology of Advanced Battery Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Feng Xiong
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Theory and Technology of Advanced Battery Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Haiwei Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Theory and Technology of Advanced Battery Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Yongkang Jin
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Theory and Technology of Advanced Battery Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Waseem Aftab
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Theory and Technology of Advanced Battery Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoye Geng
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Theory and Technology of Advanced Battery Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Bingbing Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Theory and Technology of Advanced Battery Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Zubair Ashraf
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Theory and Technology of Advanced Battery Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Song Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Theory and Technology of Advanced Battery Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Yonggang Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Theory and Technology of Advanced Battery Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Zhenghui Shen
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Theory and Technology of Advanced Battery Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Ruqiang Zou
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Theory and Technology of Advanced Battery Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
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23
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Wang Y, Zhang X, Liu S, Liu Y, Zhou Q, Zhu T, Miao YE, Willenbacher N, Zhang C, Liu T. Thermal-Rectified Gradient Porous Polymeric Film for Solar-Thermal Regulatory Cooling. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2400102. [PMID: 38606728 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202400102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Solar-thermal regulation concerning thermal insulation and solar modulation is pivotal for cooling textiles and smart buildings. Nevertheless, a contradiction arises in balancing the demand to prevent external heat infiltration with the efficient dissipation of excess heat from enclosed spaces. Here, a concentration-gradient polymerization strategy is presented for fabricating a gradient porous polymeric film comprising interconnected polymeric microspheres. This method involves establishing an electric field-driven gradient distribution of charged crosslinkers in the precursor solution, followed by subsequent polymerization and freeze-drying processes. The resulting porous film exhibits a significant porosity gradient along its thickness, leading to exceptional unidirectional thermal insulation capabilities with a thermal rectification factor of 21%. The gradient porous film, with its thermal rectification properties, effectively reconciles the conflicting demands of diverse thermal conductivity for cooling unheated and spontaneously heated enclosed spaces. Consequently, the gradient porous film demonstrates remarkable enhancements in solar-thermal management, achieving temperature reductions of 3.0 and 4.1 °C for unheated and spontaneously heated enclosed spaces, respectively, compared to uniform porous films. The developed gradient-structured porous film thus holds promise for the development of thermal-rectified materials tailored to regulate solar-thermal conditions within enclosed environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobo Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong, 999077, P.R. China
| | - Song Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P.R. China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong, 999077, P.R. China
| | - Qisen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P.R. China
| | - Tianyi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P.R. China
| | - Yue-E Miao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P.R. China
| | - Norbert Willenbacher
- Institute of Mechanical Process Engineering and Mechanics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Chao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P.R. China
| | - Tianxi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P.R. China
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24
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Han Y, Ruan K, He X, Tang Y, Guo H, Guo Y, Qiu H, Gu J. Highly Thermally Conductive Aramid Nanofiber Composite Films with Synchronous Visible/Infrared Camouflages and Information Encryption. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202401538. [PMID: 38334210 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202401538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
The development of highly thermally conductive composites that combine visible light/infrared camouflage and information encryption has been endowed with great significance in facilitating the application of 5G communication technology in military fields. This work uses aramid nanofibers (ANF) as the matrix, hetero-structured silver nanowires@boron nitride nanosheets (AgNWs@BNNS) prepared by in situ growth as fillers, which are combined to fabricate sandwich structured thermally conductive and electrically insulating (BNNS/ANF)-(AgNWs@BNNS)-(BNNS/ANF) (denoted as BAB) composite films by "filtration self-assembly, air spraying, and hot-pressing" method. When the mass ratio of AgNWs@BNNS to BNNS is 1 : 1 and the total mass fraction is 50 wt %, BAB composite film has the maximum in-plane thermal conductivity coefficient (λ∥ of 10.36 W/(m ⋅ K)), excellent electrical insulation (breakdown strength and volume resistivity of 41.5 kV/mm and 1.21×1015 Ω ⋅ cm, respectively) and mechanical properties (tensile strength of 170.9 MPa). 50 wt % BAB composite film could efficiently reduce the equilibrium temperature of the central processing unit (CPU) working at full power, resulting in 7.0 °C lower than that of the CPU solely integrated with ANF directly. In addition, BAB composite film boasts adaptive visible light/infrared dual camouflage properties on cement roads and jungle environments, as well as the function of fast encryption of QR code information within 24 seconds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Han
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Kunpeng Ruan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu He
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Yusheng Tang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Hua Guo
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Yongqiang Guo
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Hua Qiu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Junwei Gu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, P. R. China
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25
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Zhang B, Li J, Zhou J, Chow L, Zhao G, Huang Y, Ma Z, Zhang Q, Yang Y, Yiu CK, Li J, Chun F, Huang X, Gao Y, Wu P, Jia S, Li H, Li D, Liu Y, Yao K, Shi R, Chen Z, Khoo BL, Yang W, Wang F, Zheng Z, Wang Z, Yu X. A three-dimensional liquid diode for soft, integrated permeable electronics. Nature 2024; 628:84-92. [PMID: 38538792 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07161-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Wearable electronics with great breathability enable a comfortable wearing experience and facilitate continuous biosignal monitoring over extended periods1-3. However, current research on permeable electronics is predominantly at the stage of electrode and substrate development, which is far behind practical applications with comprehensive integration with diverse electronic components (for example, circuitry, electronics, encapsulation)4-8. Achieving permeability and multifunctionality in a singular, integrated wearable electronic system remains a formidable challenge. Here we present a general strategy for integrated moisture-permeable wearable electronics based on three-dimensional liquid diode (3D LD) configurations. By constructing spatially heterogeneous wettability, the 3D LD unidirectionally self-pumps the sweat from the skin to the outlet at a maximum flow rate of 11.6 ml cm-2 min-1, 4,000 times greater than the physiological sweat rate during exercise, presenting exceptional skin-friendliness, user comfort and stable signal-reading behaviour even under sweating conditions. A detachable design incorporating a replaceable vapour/sweat-discharging substrate enables the reuse of soft circuitry/electronics, increasing its sustainability and cost-effectiveness. We demonstrated this fundamental technology in both advanced skin-integrated electronics and textile-integrated electronics, highlighting its potential for scalable, user-friendly wearable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Centre for Cerebro-cardiovascular Health Engineering, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiyu Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Centre for Cerebro-cardiovascular Health Engineering, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jingkun Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Centre for Cerebro-cardiovascular Health Engineering, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lung Chow
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Guangyao Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ya Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Centre for Cerebro-cardiovascular Health Engineering, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhiqiang Ma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Centre for Cerebro-cardiovascular Health Engineering, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yawen Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chun Ki Yiu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Centre for Cerebro-cardiovascular Health Engineering, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Centre for Cerebro-cardiovascular Health Engineering, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China
| | - Fengjun Chun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xingcan Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuyu Gao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pengcheng Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shengxin Jia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Centre for Cerebro-cardiovascular Health Engineering, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hu Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dengfeng Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Centre for Cerebro-cardiovascular Health Engineering, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yiming Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kuanming Yao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Rui Shi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhenlin Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Centre for Cerebro-cardiovascular Health Engineering, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bee Luan Khoo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Centre for Cerebro-cardiovascular Health Engineering, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China
| | - Weiqing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zijian Zheng
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zuankai Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xinge Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Hong Kong Centre for Cerebro-cardiovascular Health Engineering, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China.
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26
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Jung Y, Kim M, Jeong S, Hong S, Ko SH. Strain-Insensitive Outdoor Wearable Electronics by Thermally Robust Nanofibrous Radiative Cooler. ACS NANO 2024; 18:2312-2324. [PMID: 38190550 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c10241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Stable outdoor wearable electronics are gaining attention due to challenges in sustaining consistent device performance outdoors, where sunlight exposure and user movement can disrupt operations. Currently, researchers have focused on integrating radiative coolers into wearable devices for outdoor thermal management. However, these approaches often rely on heat-vulnerable thermoplastic polymers for radiative coolers and strain-susceptible conductors that are unsuitable for wearable electronics. Here, we introduce mechanically, electrically, and thermally stable wearable electronics even when they are stretched under sunlight to address these challenges. This achievement is realized by integrating a polydimethylsiloxane nanofibrous cooler and liquid metal conductors for a fully stable wearable device. The thermally robust architecture of nanofibers, based on their inherent properties as thermoset polymers, exhibits excellent cooling performance through high solar reflection and thermal emission. Additionally, laser-patterned conductors possess ideal properties for wearable electronics, including strain-insensitivity, nonsmearing behavior, and negligible contact resistance. As proof, we developed wearable electronics integrated with thermally and electromechanically stable components that accurately detect physiological signals in harsh environments, including light exposure, while stretched up to 30%. This work highlights the potential for the development of everyday wearable electronics capable of reliable operation under challenging external conditions, including user-activity-induced stress and sunlight exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeongju Jung
- Applied Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Minwoo Kim
- Applied Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongmin Jeong
- Applied Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangwoo Hong
- Applied Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hwan Ko
- Applied Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Advanced Machinery and Design (SNU-IAMD), Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Engineering Research, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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27
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Hu X, Cai W, Zhang Y, Shi S, Ming Y, Yu R, Chen D, Yang M, Wang F, Yang H, Kan CW, Noor N, Fei B. Facile and Widely Applicable Route to Self-Adaptive Emissivity Modulation: Energy-Saving Demonstration with Transparent Wood. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:657-666. [PMID: 38180824 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
The cooling power provided by radiative cooling is unwanted during cold hours. Therefore, self-adaptive regulation is desired for radiative cooling, especially in all-weather applications. However, current routes for radiative cooling regulation are constrained by substrates and complicated processing. Here, self-adaptive radiative cooling regulation on various potential substrates (transparent wood, PET, normal glass, and cement) was achieved by a Fabry-Perot structure consisting of a silver nanowires (AgNWs) bottom layer, PMMA spacer, and W-VO2 top layer. The emissivity-modulated transparent wood (EMTW) exhibits an emissivity contrast of 0.44 (ε8-13-L = ∼0.19 and ε8-13-H = ∼0.63), which thereby yields considerable energy savings across different climate zones. The emissivity contrast can be adjusted by varying the spinning parameters during the deposition process. Positive emissivity contrast was also achieved on three other industrially relevant substrates via this facile and widely applicable route. This proves the great significance of the approach to the promotion and wide adoption of radiative cooling regulation concept in the built environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Hu
- Materials Synthesis and Processing Lab, School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
- Research Centre for Resources Engineering towards Carbon Neutrality, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Wei Cai
- Materials Synthesis and Processing Lab, School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
- Research Centre for Resources Engineering towards Carbon Neutrality, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Yingbo Zhang
- Department of Building Environment and Energy Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Shuo Shi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Yang Ming
- Materials Synthesis and Processing Lab, School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Rujun Yu
- Materials Synthesis and Processing Lab, School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
- Research Centre for Resources Engineering towards Carbon Neutrality, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Daming Chen
- Materials Synthesis and Processing Lab, School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Mengyan Yang
- Materials Synthesis and Processing Lab, School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
- Research Centre for Resources Engineering towards Carbon Neutrality, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Faming Wang
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven 3001, Belgium
| | - Hongyu Yang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Shazhengjie 174, Shapingba, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Chi-Wai Kan
- Materials Synthesis and Processing Lab, School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Nuruzzaman Noor
- Materials Synthesis and Processing Lab, School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
- Research Centre for Resources Engineering towards Carbon Neutrality, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Bin Fei
- Materials Synthesis and Processing Lab, School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
- Research Centre for Resources Engineering towards Carbon Neutrality, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
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28
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Si Y, Yang J, Wang D, Shi S, Zhi C, Huang K, Hu J. Bioinspired Hierarchical Multi-Protective Membrane for Extreme Environments via Co-Electrospinning-Electrospray Strategy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2304705. [PMID: 37653612 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202304705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Extreme environments can cause severe harm to human health, and even threaten life safety. Lightweight, breathable clothing with multi-protective functions would be of great application value. However, integrating multi-protective functions into nanofibers in a facile way remains a great challenge. Here, a one-step co-electrospinning-electrospray strategy is developed to fabricate a superhydrophobic multi-protective membrane (S-MPM). The water contact angle of S-MPM can reach up to 164.3°. More importantly, S-MPM can resist the skin temperature drop (11.2 °C) or increase (17.2 °C) caused by 0 °C cold or 70 °C hot compared with pure electrospun membrane. In the cold climate (-5 °C), the anti-icing time of the S-MPM is extended by 2.52 times, while the deicing time is only 1.45 s due to the great photothermal effect. In a fire disaster situation, the total heat release and peak heat release rate values of flame retarded S-MPM drop sharply by 24.2% and 69.3%, respectively. The S-MPM will serve as the last line of defense for the human body and has the potential to trigger a revolution in the practical application of next-generation functional clothing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Si
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, 999077, China
| | - Jieqiong Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, 999077, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Centre for Digital Textile Inkjet Printing, Key Laboratory of Eco-Textile, Jiangnan University, Ministry of Education, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Shuo Shi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, 999077, China
| | - Chuanwei Zhi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, 999077, China
| | - Kaisong Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, 999077, China
| | - Jinlian Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, 999077, China
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29
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Sun Z, Hu Y, Wei W, Li Y, Zhang Q, Li K, Wang H, Hou C. Hyperstable Eutectic Core-Spun Fiber Enabled Wearable Energy Harvesting and Personal Thermal Management Fabric. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2310102. [PMID: 37865832 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202310102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Electronic textiles have gradually evolved into one of the most important mainstays of flexible electronics owing to their good wearability. However, textile multifunctionality is generally achieved by stacking functional modules, which is not conducive to wearability. Integrating these modules into a single fiber provides a better solution. In this work, a core-spun functional fiber (CSF) constructed from hyper-environmentally stable Zn-based eutectogel as the core layer and polytetrafluoroethylene as the sheath is designed. The CSF achieves a synergistic output effect of piezoelectricity-enhanced triboelectricity, as well as reliable hydrophobicity, and high mid-infrared emissivity and visible light reflectivity. A monolayer functionalized integrated textile is woven from the CSF to enable effective energy (mechanical and droplet energy) harvesting and personal thermal management functions. Furthermore, scenarios for the energy supply, motion detection, and outdoor use of electronic fabrics for electronics applications are demonstrated, opening new avenues for the functional integration of electronic textiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhouquan Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Yunhao Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Yaogang Li
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Glasses Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Qinghong Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Glasses Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Kerui Li
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Hongzhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Chengyi Hou
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
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30
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Jing Y, Zhao Z, Cao X, Sun Q, Yuan Y, Li T. Ultraflexible, cost-effective and scalable polymer-based phase change composites via chemical cross-linking for wearable thermal management. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8060. [PMID: 38052809 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43772-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Phase change materials (PCMs) offer great potential for realizing zero-energy thermal management due to superior thermal storage and stable phase-change temperatures. However, liquid leakage and solid rigidity of PCMs are long-standing challenges for PCM-based wearable thermal regulation. Here, we report a facile and cost-effective chemical cross-linking strategy to develop ultraflexible polymer-based phase change composites with a dual 3D crosslinked network of olefin block copolymers (OBC) and styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene (SEBS) in paraffin wax (PW). The C-C bond-enhanced OBC-SEBS networks synergistically improve the mechanical, thermal, and leakage-proof properties of PW@OBC-SEBS. Notably, the proposed peroxide-initiated chemical cross-linking method overcomes the limitations of conventional physical blending methods and thus can be applicable across diverse polymer matrices. We further demonstrate a portable and flexible PW@OBC-SEBS module that maintains a comfortable temperature range of 39-42 °C for personal thermotherapy. Our work provides a promising route to fabricate scalable polymer-based phase change composite for wearable thermal management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoge Jing
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Zhengchuang Zhao
- Research Center of Solar Power & Refrigeration, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xiaoling Cao
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Qinrong Sun
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, ChongQing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Yanping Yuan
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China.
| | - Tingxian Li
- Research Center of Solar Power & Refrigeration, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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31
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Zhu Y, Zhou Y, Qin B, Qin R, Qiu M, Li Q. Night-time radiative warming using the atmosphere. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2023; 12:268. [PMID: 37949868 PMCID: PMC10638402 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-023-01315-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Night-time warming is vital for human production and daily life. Conventional methods like active heaters are energy-intensive, while passive insulating films possess restrictions regarding space consumption and the lack of heat gain. In this work, a nanophotonic-based night-time warming strategy that passively inhibits thermal radiation of objects while actively harnessing that of atmosphere is proposed. By using a photonic-engineered thin film that exhibits high reflectivity (~0.91) in the atmospheric transparent band (8-14 μm) and high absorptivity (~0.7) in the atmospheric radiative band (5-8 and 14-16 μm), temperature rise of 2.1 °C/4.4 °C compared to typical low-e film and broadband absorber is achieved. Moreover, net heat loss as low as 9 W m-2 is experimentally observed, compared to 16 and 39 W m-2 for low-e film and broadband absorber, respectively. This strategy suggests an innovative way for sustainable warming, thus contributes to addressing the challenges of climate change and promoting global carbon neutrality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yining Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yiwei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Bing Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Rui Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Min Qiu
- Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024, China
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Qiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
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32
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Yu S, Zhang Q, Liu L, Ma R. Thermochromic Conductive Fibers with Modifiable Solar Absorption for Personal Thermal Management and Temperature Visualization. ACS NANO 2023; 17:20299-20307. [PMID: 37831602 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c06289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Thermal management textiles provide an energy-efficient strategy for personal thermal comfort by regulating heat flow between the human body and the environment. However, textiles with a single heating or cooling mode cannot realize temperature regulation under dynamic weather. Furthermore, monocolor textiles do not satisfy aesthetic requirements in a garment. Here, we develop a thermochromic (TC) conductive fiber with a coaxial structure composed of a conductive core and thermochromic shell. The TC conductive fiber-woven fabric has the ability of low-energy dynamic thermal management by combining Joule heating and modulation of solar absorption. Compared with commercial white fabrics, TC conductive fabrics exhibit a maximum temperature drop of 2.5 K, while the temperature of colored commercial fabrics is 7.5-16 K higher than that of commercial white fabrics in the hot. In the cold, the combination of Joule heating and the photothermal effect can provide desired thermal comfort for humans. Meanwhile, heat obtained from solar absorption brings the temperature of a fabric to a predetermined level, which saves energy of 625 W/m2 compared to a conductive-fiber-based textile. In addition, TC conductive fabrics with trichromatic evolution provide a sensitive and instant temperature visualization capable of identification of invisible and intense infrared radiation. These results provide another path to expand potential applications of wearable, flexible electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixiong Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tongyan Road 38, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Quan Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tongyan Road 38, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Lili Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tongyan Road 38, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Rujun Ma
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tongyan Road 38, Tianjin 300350, China
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33
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Qin B, Zhu Y, Zhou Y, Qiu M, Li Q. Whole-infrared-band camouflage with dual-band radiative heat dissipation. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2023; 12:246. [PMID: 37794015 PMCID: PMC10550919 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-023-01287-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Advanced multispectral detection technologies have emerged as a significant threat to objects, necessitating the use of multiband camouflage. However, achieving effective camouflage and thermal management across the entire infrared spectrum, especially the short-wave infrared (SWIR) band, remains challenging. This paper proposes a multilayer wavelength-selective emitter that achieves effective camouflage across the entire infrared spectrum, including the near-infrared (NIR), SWIR, mid-wave infrared (MWIR), and long-wave infrared (LWIR) bands, as well as the visible (VIS) band. Furthermore, the emitter enables radiative heat dissipation in two non-atmospheric windows (2.5-3 μm and 5-8 μm). The emitter's properties are characterized by low emittance of 0.270/0.042/0.218 in the SWIR/MWIR/LWIR bands, and low reflectance of 0.129/0.281 in the VIS/NIR bands. Moreover, the high emittance of 0.742/0.473 in the two non-atmospheric windows ensures efficient radiative heat dissipation, which results in a temperature decrement of 14.4 °C compared to the Cr reference at 2000 W m-2 input power density. This work highlights the role of solar radiance in camouflage, and provides a comprehensive guideline for developing multiband camouflage compatible with radiative heat dissipation, from the visible to LWIR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yining Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yiwei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Min Qiu
- Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
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34
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Lei L, Wang D, Shi S, Yang J, Su J, Wang C, Si Y, Hu J. Toward low-emissivity passive heating: a supramolecular-enhanced membrane with warmth retention. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:4407-4414. [PMID: 37475666 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh00768e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Maintaining a reasonably stable body temperature is vital for a variety of human activities in an energy-conservation strategy. However, it is well-known that metal-like materials, utilized as radiative reflectors, severely restrict wearability properties, thus posing a tremendous obstacle in personal thermal management (PTM) systems. Herein, we designed a supramolecular-enhanced membrane (SupraEM) acting as a mid-infrared (MIR) reflector to solve the conundrum of warmth-wearability performance. Benefiting from the low-emissivity of decorating titanium carbide (MXene) and the formation of supramolecular interactions, the prototyped polyvinylidene difluoride&Polyurethane/MXene (PVDF&PU/MXene) SupraEM demonstrated a low-emissivity of 0.246 and reinforced mechanical performance, resulting in an evenly higher temperature retention of 8 °C in comparison to the pristine hybrid membrane counterpart, and compared with a commercial textile that is three times thicker, it also exhibited higher temperature retention of 6.2 °C. This work demonstrates the wearability of decorated MXene without sacrificing its temperature retention, overcoming a major bottleneck that has plagued MXene as a thermoregulatory material for PTM systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leqi Lei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textile, College of Textiles and Clothing, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Shuo Shi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
| | - Jieqiong Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
| | - Jing Su
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textile, College of Textiles and Clothing, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Cong Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
| | - Yifan Si
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
| | - Jinlian Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
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35
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Dong J, Peng Y, Zhang Y, Chai Y, Long J, Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Huang Y, Liu T. Superelastic Radiative Cooling Metafabric for Comfortable Epidermal Electrophysiological Monitoring. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2023; 15:181. [PMID: 37439918 PMCID: PMC10344855 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-023-01156-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Epidermal electronics with superb passive-cooling capabilities are of great value for both daytime outdoor dressing comfort and low-carbon economy. Herein, a multifunctional and skin-attachable electronic is rationally developed on a porous all-elastomer metafabric for efficient passive daytime radiative cooling (PDRC) and human electrophysiological monitoring. The cooling characteristics are realized through the homogeneous impregnation of polytetrafluoroethylene microparticles in the styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene fibers, and the rational regulation of microporosity in SEBS/PTFE metafabrics, thus synergistically backscatter ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared light (maximum reflectance over 98.0%) to minimize heat absorption while efficiently emit human-body midinfrared radiation to the sky. As a result, the developed PDRC metafabric achieves approximately 17 °C cooling effects in an outdoor daytime environment and completely retains its passive cooling performance even under 50% stretching. Further, high-fidelity electrophysiological monitoring capability is also implemented in the breathable and skin-conformal metafabric through liquid metal printing, enabling the accurate acquisition of human electrocardiograph, surface electromyogram, and electroencephalograph signals for comfortable and lengthy health regulation. Hence, the fabricated superelastic PDRC metafabric opens a new avenue for the development of body-comfortable electronics and low-carbon wearing technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiancheng Dong
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yidong Peng
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujia Chai
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayan Long
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhao
- College of Energy Material and Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunpeng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tianxi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.
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