1
|
Jena MK, Mittal S, Pathak B. Precision Basecalling of Single DNA Nucleotide from Overlapped Transmission Readouts with Machine Learning Aided Solid-State Nanogap. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:29891-29901. [PMID: 38818926 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c04858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
DNA sequencing with the quantum tunneling technique heralds a paradigm shift in genetic analysis, promising rapid and accurate identification for diverging applications ranging from personalized medicine to security issues. However, the widespread distribution of molecular conductance, conduction orbital alignment for resonant transport, and decoding crisscrossing conductance signals of isomorphic nucleotides have been persistent experimental hurdles for swift and precise identification. Herein, we have reported a machine learning (ML)-driven quantum tunneling study with solid-state model nanogap to determine nucleotides at single-base resolution. The optimized ML basecaller has demonstrated a high predictive basecalling accuracy of all four nucleotides from seven distinct data pools, each containing complex transmission readouts of their different dynamic conformations. ML classification of quaternary, ternary, and binary nucleotide combinations is also performed with high precision, sensitivity, and F1 score. ML explainability unravels the evidence of how extracted normalized features within overlapped nucleotide signals contribute to classification improvement. Moreover, electronic fingerprints, conductance sensitivity, and current readout analysis of nucleotides have promised practical applicability with significant sensitivity and distinguishability. Through this ML approach, our study pushes the boundaries of quantum sequencing by highlighting the effectiveness of single nucleotide basecalling with promising implications for advancing genomics and molecular diagnostics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milan Kumar Jena
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Indore, Indore Madhya Pradesh 453552, India
| | - Sneha Mittal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Indore, Indore Madhya Pradesh 453552, India
| | - Biswarup Pathak
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Indore, Indore Madhya Pradesh 453552, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen L, Yang Z, Lin Q, Li X, Bai J, Hong W. Evolution of Single-Molecule Electronic Interfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:1988-2004. [PMID: 38227964 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Single-molecule electronics can fabricate single-molecule devices via the construction of molecule-electrode interfaces and also provide a unique tool to investigate single-molecule scale physicochemical processes at these interfaces. To investigate single-molecule electronic devices with desired functionalities, an understanding of the interface evolution processes in single-molecule devices is essential. In this review, we focus on the evolution of molecule-electrode interface properties, including the background of interface evolution in single-molecule electronics, the construction of different types of single-molecule interfaces, and the regulation methods. Finally, we discuss the perspective of future characterization techniques and applications for single-molecule electronic interfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lichuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & College of Materials & IKKEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Zixian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & College of Materials & IKKEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Qichao Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & College of Materials & IKKEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & College of Materials & IKKEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Jie Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & College of Materials & IKKEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Wenjing Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & College of Materials & IKKEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Taherinia D, Frisbie CD. Deciphering I-V characteristics in molecular electronics with the benefit of an analytical model. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:32305-32316. [PMID: 37991400 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp03877g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
We share our perspective that a simple analytical model for electron tunneling in molecular junctions can greatly aid quantitative analysis of experimental data in molecular electronics. In particular, the single-level model (SLM), derived from first principles, provides a precise prediction for the current-voltage (I-V) characteristics in terms of key electronic structure parameters, which in turn depend on the molecular and contact architecture. SLM analysis thus facilitates understanding of structure-property relationships and provides metrics that can be compared across different types of tunnel junctions, as we illustrate with several examples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Davood Taherinia
- Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 11155-9516, Iran
| | - C Daniel Frisbie
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mishra L, Kumar A, Panigrahi A, Dubey P, Dutta S, Parida P, Sarangi MK. Unraveling the Relevance of Electron and Hole Transfer in Lead Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals on Current Conduction. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:7340-7345. [PMID: 37561565 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c01893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Optimization of perovskite-based optoelectronic performance demands prudent engineering in the device architecture with facile transport of generated charge carriers. Herein, we explore the charge transfer (CT) kinetics in perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs), CsPbBr3, with two redox-active quinones, menadione (MD) and anthraquinone (AQ), and its alteration in halide exchanged CsPbCl3. With a series of spectroscopic and microscopic measurements, we infer that both electron and hole transfer (ET-HT) prevail in CsPbCl3 with quinones, resulting in a faster CT, while ET predominates for CsPbBr3. Furthermore, current-sensing atomic force microscopy measurements demonstrate that the conductance across a metal-PNC-metal nanojunction is improved in the presence of quinones. The contributions of ET and HT to current conduction across PNCs are well supported and validated by theoretical calculations of the density of states. These outcomes convey a new perspective on the relevance of ET and HT in the optimal current conduction and optoelectronic device engineering of perovskites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leepsa Mishra
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihar, India 801106
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihar, India 801106
| | - Aradhana Panigrahi
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihar, India 801106
| | - Priyanka Dubey
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihar, India 801106
| | - Soumi Dutta
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihar, India 801106
| | - Prakash Parida
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihar, India 801106
| | - Manas Kumar Sarangi
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihar, India 801106
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pabi B, Marek Š, Pal A, Kumari P, Ray SJ, Thakur A, Korytár R, Pal AN. Resonant transport in a highly conducting single molecular junction via metal-metal covalent bond. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:12995-13008. [PMID: 37483089 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr02585c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Achieving highly transmitting molecular junctions through resonant transport at low bias is key to the next-generation low-power molecular devices. Although resonant transport in molecular junctions was observed by connecting a molecule between the metal electrodes via chemical anchors by applying a high source-drain bias (>1 V), the conductance was limited to <0.1G0, G0 being the quantum of conductance. Herein, we report electronic transport measurements by directly connecting a ferrocene molecule between Au electrodes under ambient conditions in a mechanically controllable break junction setup (MCBJ), revealing a conductance peak at ∼0.2G0 in the conductance histogram. A similar experiment was repeated for ferrocene terminated with amine (-NH2) and cyano (-CN) anchors, where conductance histograms exhibit an extended low conductance feature, including the sharp high conductance peak, similar to pristine ferrocene. The statistical analysis of the data and density functional theory-based transport calculation suggest a possible molecular conformation with a strong hybridization between the Au electrodes, and that the Fe atom of ferrocene is responsible for a near-perfect transmission in the vicinity of the Fermi energy, leading to the resonant transport at a small applied bias (<0.5 V). Moreover, calculations including van der Waals/dispersion corrections reveal a covalent-like organometallic bonding between Au and the central Fe atom of ferrocene, having bond energies of ∼660 meV. Overall, our study not only demonstrates the realization of an air-stable highly transmitting molecular junction, but also provides important insights about the nature of chemical bonding at the metal/organo-metallic interface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Biswajit Pabi
- Department of Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Sector III, Block JD, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700106, India.
| | - Štepán Marek
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, 121 16, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Adwitiya Pal
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700032, India
| | - Puja Kumari
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihar-801106, India
| | - Soumya Jyoti Ray
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihar-801106, India
| | - Arunabha Thakur
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700032, India
| | - Richard Korytár
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, 121 16, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Atindra Nath Pal
- Department of Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Sector III, Block JD, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700106, India.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li T, Bandari VK, Schmidt OG. Molecular Electronics: Creating and Bridging Molecular Junctions and Promoting Its Commercialization. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2209088. [PMID: 36512432 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202209088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Molecular electronics is driven by the dream of expanding Moore's law to the molecular level for next-generation electronics through incorporating individual or ensemble molecules into electronic circuits. For nearly 50 years, numerous efforts have been made to explore the intrinsic properties of molecules and develop diverse fascinating molecular electronic devices with the desired functionalities. The flourishing of molecular electronics is inseparable from the development of various elegant methodologies for creating nanogap electrodes and bridging the nanogap with molecules. This review first focuses on the techniques for making lateral and vertical nanogap electrodes by breaking, narrowing, and fixed modes, and highlights their capabilities, applications, merits, and shortcomings. After summarizing the approaches of growing single molecules or molecular layers on the electrodes, the methods of constructing a complete molecular circuit are comprehensively grouped into three categories: 1) directly bridging one-molecule-electrode component with another electrode, 2) physically bridging two-molecule-electrode components, and 3) chemically bridging two-molecule-electrode components. Finally, the current state of molecular circuit integration and commercialization is discussed and perspectives are provided, hoping to encourage the community to accelerate the realization of fully scalable molecular electronics for a new era of integrated microsystems and applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianming Li
- Research Center for Materials, Architectures and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN), Chemnitz University of Technology, 09126, Chemnitz, Germany
- Material Systems for Nanoelectronics, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09111, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Vineeth Kumar Bandari
- Research Center for Materials, Architectures and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN), Chemnitz University of Technology, 09126, Chemnitz, Germany
- Material Systems for Nanoelectronics, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09111, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Oliver G Schmidt
- Research Center for Materials, Architectures and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN), Chemnitz University of Technology, 09126, Chemnitz, Germany
- Material Systems for Nanoelectronics, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09111, Chemnitz, Germany
- Nanophysics, Dresden University of Technology, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Li X, Ge W, Guo S, Bai J, Hong W. Characterization and Application of Supramolecular Junctions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202216819. [PMID: 36585932 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202216819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The convergence of supramolecular chemistry and single-molecule electronics offers a new perspective on supramolecular electronics, and provides a new avenue toward understanding and application of intermolecular charge transport at the molecular level. In this review, we will provide an overview of the advances in the characterization technique for the investigation of intermolecular charge transport, and summarize the experimental investigation of several non-covalent interactions, including π-π stacking interactions, hydrogen bonding, host-guest interactions and σ-σ interactions at the single-molecule level. We will also provide a perspective on supramolecular electronics and discuss the potential applications and future challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & College of Materials & IKKEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Wenhui Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & College of Materials & IKKEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Shuhan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & College of Materials & IKKEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Jie Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & College of Materials & IKKEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Wenjing Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & College of Materials & IKKEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tao S, Zhang Q, Pitie S, Liu C, Fan Y, Zhao C, Seydou M, Dappe YJ, Nichols RJ, Yang L. Revealing conductance variation of molecular junctions based on an unsupervised data analysis approach. Electrochim Acta 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2023.142225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
|
9
|
Huez C, Guérin D, Lenfant S, Volatron F, Calame M, Perrin ML, Proust A, Vuillaume D. Redox-controlled conductance of polyoxometalate molecular junctions. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:13790-13800. [PMID: 36102689 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr03457c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the reversible in situ photoreduction of molecular junctions of a phosphomolybdate [PMo12O40]3- monolayer self-assembled on flat gold electrodes, connected by the tip of a conductive atomic force microscope. The conductance of the one electron reduced [PMo12O40]4- molecular junction is increased by ∼10, and this open-shell state is stable in the junction in air at room temperature. The analysis of a large current-voltage dataset by unsupervised machine learning and clustering algorithms reveals that the electron transport in the pristine phosphomolybdate junctions leads to symmetric current-voltage curves, controlled by the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) at 0.6-0.7 eV above the Fermi energy with ∼25% of the junctions having a better electronic coupling to the electrodes than the main part of the dataset. This analysis also shows that a small fraction (∼18% of the dataset) of the molecules is already reduced. The UV light in situ photoreduced phosphomolybdate junctions systematically feature slightly asymmetric current-voltage behaviors, which is ascribed to the electron transport mediated by the single occupied molecular orbital (SOMO) nearly at resonance with the Fermi energy of the electrodes and by a closely located single unoccupied molecular orbital (SUMO) at ∼0.3 eV above the SOMO with a weak electronic coupling to the electrodes (∼50% of the dataset) or at ∼0.4 eV but with a better electrode coupling (∼50% of the dataset). These results shed light on the electronic properties of reversible switchable redox polyoxometalates, a key point for potential applications in nanoelectronic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Huez
- Institute for Electronics Microelectronics and Nanotechnology (IEMN), CNRS, University of Lille, Av. Poincaré, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
| | - David Guérin
- Institute for Electronics Microelectronics and Nanotechnology (IEMN), CNRS, University of Lille, Av. Poincaré, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
| | - Stéphane Lenfant
- Institute for Electronics Microelectronics and Nanotechnology (IEMN), CNRS, University of Lille, Av. Poincaré, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
| | - Florence Volatron
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Michel Calame
- EMPA, Transport at the Nanoscale Laboratory, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Dept. of Physics and Swiss Nanoscience Institute, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mickael L Perrin
- EMPA, Transport at the Nanoscale Laboratory, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anna Proust
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Dominique Vuillaume
- Institute for Electronics Microelectronics and Nanotechnology (IEMN), CNRS, University of Lille, Av. Poincaré, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Fallaque JG, Rodríguez-González S, Martín F, Díaz C. Self-energy corrected DFT-NEGF for conductance in molecular junctions: an accurate and efficient implementation for TRANSIESTA package applied to Au electrodes. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2022; 34:435901. [PMID: 35970178 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac89c4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In view of the development and the importance that the studies of conductance through molecular junctions is acquiring, robust, reliable and easy-to-use theoretical tools are the most required. Here, we present an efficient implementation of the self-energy correction to density functional theory non-equilibrium Green functions method for TRANSIESTA package. We have assessed the validity of our implementation using as benchmark systems a family of acene complexes with increasing number of aromatic rings and several anchoring groups. Our theoretical results show an excellent agreement with experimentally available measurements assuring the robustness and accuracy of our implementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joel G Fallaque
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA-Nanociencia), Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Química, Módulo 13, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Sandra Rodríguez-González
- Departamento de Química Física Aplicada, Módulo 14, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Fernando Martín
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA-Nanociencia), Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Química, Módulo 13, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain
- Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Díaz
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de CC Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Phan TL, Seo S, Cho Y, An Vu Q, Lee YH, Duong DL, Lee H, Yu WJ. CNT-molecule-CNT (1D-0D-1D) van der Waals integration ferroelectric memory with 1-nm 2 junction area. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4556. [PMID: 35961959 PMCID: PMC9374722 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32173-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The device’s integration of molecular electronics is limited regarding the large-scale fabrication of gap electrodes on a molecular scale. The van der Waals integration (vdWI) of a vertically aligned molecular layer (0D) with 2D or 3D electrodes indicates the possibility of device’s integration; however, the active junction area of 0D-2D and 0D-3D vdWIs remains at a microscale size. Here, we introduce the robust fabrication of a vertical 1D-0D-1D vdWI device with the ultra-small junction area of 1 nm2 achieved by cross-stacking top carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on molecularly assembled bottom CNTs. 1D-0D-1D vdWI memories are demonstrated through ferroelectric switching of azobenzene molecules owing to the cis-trans transformation combined with the permanent dipole moment of the end-tail -CF3 group. In this work, our 1D-0D-1D vdWI memory exhibits a retention performance above 2000 s, over 300 cycles with an on/off ratio of approximately 105 and record current density (3.4 × 108 A/cm2), which is 100 times higher than previous study through the smallest junction area achieved in a vdWI. The simple stacking of aligned CNTs (4 × 4) allows integration of memory arrays (16 junctions) with high device operational yield (100%), offering integration guidelines for future molecular electronics. The van der Waals integration of molecular layer (0D) with 2D or 3D electrodes is limited at microscale junction. Here, the authors introduce 1D-0D-1D vdWI memory with 1 nm2 junction achieved by cross-stacking t-CNT on molecularly assembled b-CNT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Luan Phan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohyeon Seo
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunhee Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.,Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics (CINAP), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Quoc An Vu
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics (CINAP), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.,Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hee Lee
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics (CINAP), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.,Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Dinh Loc Duong
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics (CINAP), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyoyoung Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea. .,Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics (CINAP), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Woo Jong Yu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Balanced electron flow and the hydrogen bridge energy levels in Pt, Au, or Cu nanojunctions. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-022-02537-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
|
13
|
Borge-Durán I, Grinberg I, Vega-Baudrit JR, Nguyen MT, Pereira-Pinheiro M, Thiel K, Noeske PLM, Rischka K, Corrales-Ureña YR. Application of Poly-L-Lysine for Tailoring Graphene Oxide Mediated Contact Formation between Lithium Titanium Oxide LTO Surfaces for Batteries. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14112150. [PMID: 35683823 PMCID: PMC9182866 DOI: 10.3390/polym14112150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
When producing stable electrodes, polymeric binders are highly functional materials that are effective in dispersing lithium-based oxides such as Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) and carbon-based materials and establishing the conductivity of the multiphase composites. Nowadays, binders such as polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) are used, requiring dedicated recycling strategies due to their low biodegradability and use of toxic solvents to dissolve it. Better structuring of the carbon layers and a low amount of binder could reduce the number of inactive materials in the electrode. In this study, we use computational and experimental methods to explore the use of the poly amino acid poly-L-lysine (PLL) as a novel biodegradable binder that is placed directly between nanostructured LTO and reduced graphene oxide. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations allowed us to determine that the (111) surface is the most stable LTO surface exposed to lysine. We performed Kubo-Greenwood electrical conductivity (KGEC) calculations to determine the electrical conductivity values for the hybrid LTO-lysine-rGO system. We found that the presence of the lysine-based binder at the interface increased the conductivity of the interface by four-fold relative to LTO-rGO in a lysine monolayer configuration, while two-stack lysine molecules resulted in 0.3-fold (in the plane orientation) and 0.26-fold (out of plane orientation) increases. These outcomes suggest that monolayers of lysine would specifically favor the conductivity. Experimentally, the assembly of graphene oxide on poly-L-lysine-TiO2 with sputter-deposited titania as a smooth and hydrophilic model substrate was investigated using a layer-by-layer (LBL) approach to realize the required composite morphology. Characterization techniques such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize the formed layers. Our experimental results show that thin layers of rGO were assembled on the TiO2 using PLL. Furthermore, the PLL adsorbates decrease the work function difference between the rGO- and the non-rGO-coated surface and increased the specific discharge capacity of the LTO-rGO composite material. Further experimental studies are necessary to determine the influence of the PLL for aspects such as the solid electrolyte interface, dendrite formation, and crack formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Borge-Durán
- Chemistry Department, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel;
- National Laboratory of Nanotechnology LANOTEC, National Center of High Technology (CeNAT-CONARE), 1174-1200, Calle Costa Rica, Pavas, San José 10109, Costa Rica;
- Correspondence: (I.B.-D.); (Y.R.C.-U.)
| | - Ilya Grinberg
- Chemistry Department, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel;
| | - José Roberto Vega-Baudrit
- National Laboratory of Nanotechnology LANOTEC, National Center of High Technology (CeNAT-CONARE), 1174-1200, Calle Costa Rica, Pavas, San José 10109, Costa Rica;
- Laboratorio de Polímeros (POLIUNA), Universidad Nacional, Avenida 1, Calle 9 Heredia 86 Heredia, Heredia 40101, Costa Rica
| | - Minh Tri Nguyen
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland;
| | - Marta Pereira-Pinheiro
- Adhesive Bonding Technology and Surfaces, Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Advanced Materials IFAM, Wiener Straße 12, 28359 Bremen, Germany; (M.P.); (K.T.); (P.-L.M.N.); (K.R.)
| | - Karsten Thiel
- Adhesive Bonding Technology and Surfaces, Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Advanced Materials IFAM, Wiener Straße 12, 28359 Bremen, Germany; (M.P.); (K.T.); (P.-L.M.N.); (K.R.)
| | - Paul-Ludwig Michael Noeske
- Adhesive Bonding Technology and Surfaces, Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Advanced Materials IFAM, Wiener Straße 12, 28359 Bremen, Germany; (M.P.); (K.T.); (P.-L.M.N.); (K.R.)
| | - Klaus Rischka
- Adhesive Bonding Technology and Surfaces, Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Advanced Materials IFAM, Wiener Straße 12, 28359 Bremen, Germany; (M.P.); (K.T.); (P.-L.M.N.); (K.R.)
| | - Yendry Regina Corrales-Ureña
- National Laboratory of Nanotechnology LANOTEC, National Center of High Technology (CeNAT-CONARE), 1174-1200, Calle Costa Rica, Pavas, San José 10109, Costa Rica;
- Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Bremen, Am Fallturm 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany
- Correspondence: (I.B.-D.); (Y.R.C.-U.)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Behera RK, Mishra L, Panigrahi A, Sahoo PK, Sarangi MK. Tunable Conductance of MoS 2 and WS 2 Quantum Dots by Electron Transfer with Redox-Active Quinone. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:5750-5761. [PMID: 35049294 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c18092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Due to their uniqueness in tunable photophysics, transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) based quantum dots (QDs) have emerged as the next-generation quantum materials for technology-based semiconductor applications. This demands frontline research on the rational synthesis of the TMD QDs with controlled shape, size, nature of charge migration at the interface, and their easy integration in optoelectronic devices. In this article, with a controlled solution-processed synthesis of MoS2 and WS2 QDs, we demonstrate the disparity in their structural, optical, and electrical characteristics in bulk and confinement. With a series of steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopic measurements in different media, we explore the uncommon photophysics of MoS2 and WS2 QDs such as excitation-dependent photoluminescence and assess their excited state charge transfer kinetics with a redox-active biomolecule, menadione (MQ). In comparison to the homogeneous aqueous medium, photoinduced charge transfer between the QDs and MQ becomes more plausible in encapsulated cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) micelles. Current sensing atomic force microscopy (CS-AFM) measurements at a single molecular level reveal that the facilitated charge transfer of QDs with MQ strongly correlates with an enhancement in their charge transport behavior. An increase in charge transport further depends on the density of states of the QDs directing a change in Schottky emission to Fowler-Nordheim (FN) type of tunneling across the metal-QD-metal junction. The selective response of the TMD QDs while in proximity to external molecules can be used to design advanced optoelectronic devices and applications involving rectifiers and tunnel diodes for future quantum technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ranjan Kumar Behera
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihta, Kanpa Road, Patna, Bihar 801106, India
| | - Leepsa Mishra
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihta, Kanpa Road, Patna, Bihar 801106, India
| | - Aradhana Panigrahi
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihta, Kanpa Road, Patna, Bihar 801106, India
| | - Prasana Kumar Sahoo
- Materials Science Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
| | - Manas Kumar Sarangi
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihta, Kanpa Road, Patna, Bihar 801106, India
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Jie Y, Wang D, Huang J, Feng Y, Yang J, Fang J, Chen R. Metal-Molecule-Metal Junctions on Self-Assembled Monolayers Made with Selective Electroless Deposition. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:1609-1614. [PMID: 34962384 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c21079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Electronic transport through molecular-scale devices has been studied extensively for its extraordinary dimension superiority. Assembling such devices into large-scale functional circuits is crucial since the molecular tunnel junctions must be reliable, stable and reproducible during technological applications. In ideal circumstances, the device architecture should be designed such that the metal-molecule-metal (MMM) junctions can be analyzed by the more sensitive four point probe system. In this paper, we expound a delicate method to manufacture molecular junctions, which show excellent stability and reproducibility with high yields (>91 per cent). We form self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on conductive Au thin film by microcontact printing and then generate robust covalently bound metal thin film electrodes on top of the SAMs by selective electroless deposition. Following MMM junction formation, a photoresist is coated and wells are opened on each feature by lithography. Then, Au thin film, as a permanent top electrode, is deposited into the photolithographically defined well. Conductivity analyzations were carried out on the 50 μm square junctions by the four point probe measurement, and the results showed reproducible tunneling I-V characteristics. This method reveals an approach not only offering a unique vehicle to investigate the electrical properties of molecule ensembles in MMMs, but also making a significant step toward MMM applications at the device level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanni Jie
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic Materials, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Dong Wang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic Materials, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Jianfeng Huang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic Materials, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Yongqiang Feng
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic Materials, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Jun Yang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic Materials, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Jiawen Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Runfeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Akhtar A, Rashid U, Seth C, Kumar S, Broekmann P, Kaliginedi V. Modulating the charge transport in metal│molecule│metal junctions via electrochemical gating. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.138540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
17
|
Domulevicz L, Jeong H, Paul NK, Gomez-Diaz JS, Hihath J. Multidimensional Characterization of Single-Molecule Dynamics in a Plasmonic Nanocavity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:16436-16441. [PMID: 33847037 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202100886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Nanoscale manipulation and characterization of individual molecules is necessary to understand the intricacies of molecular structure, which governs phenomena such as reaction mechanisms, catalysis, local effective temperatures, surface interactions, and charge transport. Here we utilize Raman enhancement between two nanostructured electrodes in combination with direct charge transport measurements to allow for simultaneous characterization of the electrical, optical, and mechanical properties of a single molecule. This multi-dimensional information yields repeatable, self-consistent, verification of single-molecule resolution, and allows for detailed analysis of structural and configurational changes of the molecule in situ. These experimental results are supported by a machine-learning based statistical analysis of the spectral information and calculations to provide insight into the correlation between structural changes in a single-molecule and its charge-transport properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Domulevicz
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Hyunhak Jeong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Nayan K Paul
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Juan Sebastian Gomez-Diaz
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Joshua Hihath
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Domulevicz L, Jeong H, Paul NK, Gomez‐Diaz JS, Hihath J. Multidimensional Characterization of Single‐Molecule Dynamics in a Plasmonic Nanocavity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202100886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Domulevicz
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California Davis One Shields Ave. Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Hyunhak Jeong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California Davis One Shields Ave. Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Nayan K. Paul
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California Davis One Shields Ave. Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Juan Sebastian Gomez‐Diaz
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California Davis One Shields Ave. Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Joshua Hihath
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California Davis One Shields Ave. Davis CA 95616 USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Senkovskiy BV, Nenashev AV, Alavi SK, Falke Y, Hell M, Bampoulis P, Rybkovskiy DV, Usachov DY, Fedorov AV, Chernov AI, Gebhard F, Meerholz K, Hertel D, Arita M, Okuda T, Miyamoto K, Shimada K, Fischer FR, Michely T, Baranovskii SD, Lindfors K, Szkopek T, Grüneis A. Tunneling current modulation in atomically precise graphene nanoribbon heterojunctions. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2542. [PMID: 33953174 PMCID: PMC8099867 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22774-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Lateral heterojunctions of atomically precise graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) hold promise for applications in nanotechnology, yet their charge transport and most of the spectroscopic properties have not been investigated. Here, we synthesize a monolayer of multiple aligned heterojunctions consisting of quasi-metallic and wide-bandgap GNRs, and report characterization by scanning tunneling microscopy, angle-resolved photoemission, Raman spectroscopy, and charge transport. Comprehensive transport measurements as a function of bias and gate voltages, channel length, and temperature reveal that charge transport is dictated by tunneling through the potential barriers formed by wide-bandgap GNR segments. The current-voltage characteristics are in agreement with calculations of tunneling conductance through asymmetric barriers. We fabricate a GNR heterojunctions based sensor and demonstrate greatly improved sensitivity to adsorbates compared to graphene based sensors. This is achieved via modulation of the GNR heterojunction tunneling barriers by adsorbates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexey V Nenashev
- Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Physics, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Seyed K Alavi
- Department für Chemie, Universität zu Köln, Köln, Germany
- Institut für Angewandte Physik der Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Yannic Falke
- II. Physikalisches Institut, Universität zu Köln, Köln, Germany
| | - Martin Hell
- II. Physikalisches Institut, Universität zu Köln, Köln, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Alexander V Fedorov
- IFW Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie (HZB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander I Chernov
- II. Physikalisches Institut, Universität zu Köln, Köln, Germany
- Center for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT), Dolgoprudny, Russia
- Russian Quantum Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - Florian Gebhard
- Faculty of Physics and Material Sciences Center, Philipps-Universität, Marburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Meerholz
- Department für Chemie, Universität zu Köln, Köln, Germany
| | - Dirk Hertel
- Department für Chemie, Universität zu Köln, Köln, Germany
| | - Masashi Arita
- Hiroshima Synchrotron Radiation Center, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Taichi Okuda
- Hiroshima Synchrotron Radiation Center, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Koji Miyamoto
- Hiroshima Synchrotron Radiation Center, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kenya Shimada
- Hiroshima Synchrotron Radiation Center, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Felix R Fischer
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Kavli Energy NanoSciences Institute at the University of California Berkeley and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Thomas Michely
- II. Physikalisches Institut, Universität zu Köln, Köln, Germany
| | - Sergei D Baranovskii
- Faculty of Physics and Material Sciences Center, Philipps-Universität, Marburg, Germany
| | - Klas Lindfors
- Department für Chemie, Universität zu Köln, Köln, Germany
| | - Thomas Szkopek
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Huang Y, Omar M, Tian W, Lopez-Schier H, Westmeyer GG, Chmyrov A, Sergiadis G, Ntziachristos V. Noninvasive visualization of electrical conductivity in tissues at the micrometer scale. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabd1505. [PMID: 33980478 PMCID: PMC8115913 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abd1505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite its importance in regulating cellular or tissue function, electrical conductivity can only be visualized in tissue indirectly as voltage potentials using fluorescent techniques, or directly with radio waves. These either requires invasive procedures like genetic modification or suffers from limited resolution. Here, we introduce radio-frequency thermoacoustic mesoscopy (RThAM) for the noninvasive imaging of conductivity by exploiting the direct absorption of near-field ultrashort radio-frequency pulses to stimulate the emission of broadband ultrasound waves. Detection of ultrasound rather than radio waves enables micrometer-scale resolutions, over several millimeters of tissue depth. We confirm an imaging resolution of <30 μm in phantoms and demonstrate microscopic imaging of conductivity correlating to physical structures in 1- and 512-cell zebrafish embryos, as well as larvae. These results support RThAM as a promising method for high-resolution, label-free assessment of conductivity in tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhui Huang
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Biological Imaging at the Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, D-81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Murad Omar
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Biological Imaging at the Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, D-81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Weili Tian
- Research Unit Sensory Biology and Organogenesis, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Hernán Lopez-Schier
- Research Unit Sensory Biology and Organogenesis, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Gil Gregor Westmeyer
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Developmental Genetics (IDG), Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andriy Chmyrov
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Biological Imaging at the Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, D-81675 Munich, Germany
| | - George Sergiadis
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Biological Imaging at the Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, D-81675 Munich, Germany
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 215163 Suzhou, China
| | - Vasilis Ntziachristos
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
- Chair of Biological Imaging at the Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, D-81675 Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Nan N, Li W, Wang PC, Hu YJ, Tan GL, Xiong YC. Kondo effect and RKKY interaction assisted by magnetic anisotropy in a frustrated magnetic molecular device at zero and finite temperature. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:5878-5887. [PMID: 33659975 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp05915c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Molecular magnetic compounds, which combine the advantages of nanoscale behaviors with the properties of bulk magnetic materials, are particularly attractive in the fields of high-density information storage and quantum computing. Before molecular electronic devices can be fabricated, a crucial task is the measurement and understanding of the transport behaviors. Herein, we consider a magnetic molecular trimer sandwiched between two metal electrodes, and, with the aid of the sophisticated full density matrix numerical renormalization group (FDM-NRG) technique, we study the effect of magnetic anisotropy on the charge transport properties, illustrated by the local density of states (LDOS, which is proportional to the differential conductance), the Kondo effect, and the temperature and inter-monomer hopping robustness. Three kinds of energy peaks are clarified in the LDOS: the Coulomb, the Kondo and the Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida (RKKY) peaks. The local magnetic moment and entropy go through four different regimes as the temperature decreases. The Kondo temperature TK could be described by a generalized Haldane's formula, revealing in detail the process where the local moment is partially screened by the itinerant electrons. A relationship between the width of the Kondo resonant peak WK and TK is built, ensuring the extraction of TK from WK in an efficient way. As the inter-monomer hopping integral varies, the ground state of the trimer changes from a spin quadruplet to a magnetically frustrated phase, then to an orbital spin singlet through two first order quantum phase transitions. In the first two phases, the Kondo peak in the transmission coefficient reaches its unitary limit, while in the orbital spin singlet, it is totally suppressed. We demonstrate that magnetic anisotropy may also induce the Kondo effect, even without Coulomb repulsion, hence it is replaceable in the many-body behaviours at low temperature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Nan
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China. and School of Science, and Advanced Functional Material and Photoelectric Technology Research Institution, Hubei University of Automotive Technology, Shiyan, 442002, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei Li
- School of Science, and Advanced Functional Material and Photoelectric Technology Research Institution, Hubei University of Automotive Technology, Shiyan, 442002, People's Republic of China.
| | - Peng-Chao Wang
- School of Science, and Advanced Functional Material and Photoelectric Technology Research Institution, Hubei University of Automotive Technology, Shiyan, 442002, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yong-Jin Hu
- School of Science, and Advanced Functional Material and Photoelectric Technology Research Institution, Hubei University of Automotive Technology, Shiyan, 442002, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guo-Long Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yong-Chen Xiong
- School of Science, and Advanced Functional Material and Photoelectric Technology Research Institution, Hubei University of Automotive Technology, Shiyan, 442002, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Gao T, Liu Y, Zhang X, Bai J, Hong W. Preparation and Application of Microelectrodes at the Single-Molecule Scale. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:253-260. [PMID: 33378120 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202001372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Molecular electronics offers a potential solution for the miniaturization of electronics beyond conventional silicon electronics. A key goal of molecular electronics is to fabricate the single-molecule junction with the functions of electronic units. The term "molecular junction" means a molecular cluster or a single molecule incorporated between two microelectrodes, and electrons are transported across it. The methods of constructing molecular junctions dynamically were developed, such as STM-BJ, AFM-BJ, and MCBJ, providing precise control of the gap and easy measurement of thousands of junctions. Electrodes based on these techniques are commonly called microelectrodes because at least one dimension is on the micron scale. In this manuscript, we summarize the preparation methods of microelectrodes and their application in single-molecule measurements. In addition, we discuss the electrode factor that influences the molecular electrical properties, such as material, curvature radius and cone angle, and further provide a brief prospect of molecular electronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tengyang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Yuyan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Xueqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Jie Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Wenjing Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Sowa JK, Marcus RA. On the theory of charge transport and entropic effects in solvated molecular junctions. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:034110. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0034782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jakub K. Sowa
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, OX1 3PH Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Rudolph A. Marcus
- Noyes Laboratory of Chemical Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kos D, Di Martino G, Boehmke A, de Nijs B, Berta D, Földes T, Sangtarash S, Rosta E, Sadeghi H, Baumberg JJ. Optical probes of molecules as nano-mechanical switches. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5905. [PMID: 33219231 PMCID: PMC7679449 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19703-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular electronics promises a new generation of ultralow-energy information technologies, based around functional molecular junctions. Here, we report optical probing that exploits a gold nanoparticle in a plasmonic nanocavity geometry used as one terminal of a well-defined molecular junction, deposited as a self-assembled molecular monolayer on flat gold. A conductive transparent cantilever electrically contacts individual nanoparticles while maintaining optical access to the molecular junction. Optical readout of molecular structure in the junction reveals ultralow-energy switching of ∼50 zJ, from a nano-electromechanical torsion spring at the single molecule level. Real-time Raman measurements show these electronic device characteristics are directly affected by this molecular torsion, which can be explained using a simple circuit model based on junction capacitances, confirmed by density functional theory calculations. This nanomechanical degree of freedom is normally invisible and ignored in electrical transport measurements but is vital to the design and exploitation of molecules as quantum-coherent electronic nanodevices. The development of molecular electronics at single molecule level calls for new tools beyond electrical characterisation. Kos et al. show an optical probe of molecular junctions in a plasmonic nanocavity geometry, which supports in situ interrogation of molecular configurations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dean Kos
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Giuliana Di Martino
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK.
| | - Alexandra Boehmke
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Bart de Nijs
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Dénes Berta
- Department of Chemistry, King's College London, London, SE1 1DB, UK
| | - Tamás Földes
- Department of Chemistry, King's College London, London, SE1 1DB, UK
| | - Sara Sangtarash
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Edina Rosta
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Hatef Sadeghi
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Jeremy J Baumberg
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Ai Q, Fu Q, Liang F. pH-Mediated Single Molecule Conductance of Cucurbit[7]uril. Front Chem 2020; 8:736. [PMID: 33195012 PMCID: PMC7477741 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recognition tunneling technique owns the capability for investigating and characterizing molecules at single molecule level. Here, we investigated the conductance value of cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) and melphalan@CB[7] (Mel@CB[7]) complex molecular junctions by using recognition tunneling technique. The conductances of CB[7] and Mel@CB[7] with different pH values were studied in aqueous media as well as organic solvent. Both pH value and guest molecule have an impact on the conductance of CB[7] molecular junction. The conductances of CB[7] and Mel@CB[7] both showed slightly difference on the conductance under different measurement systems. This work extends the molecular conductance measurement to aqueous media and provides new insights of pH-responsive host-guest system for single molecule detection through electrical measurements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiushuang Ai
- The State Key Laboratory for Refractories and Metallurgy, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Jiangxi College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Feng Liang
- The State Key Laboratory for Refractories and Metallurgy, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Attenuation Factors in Molecular Electronics: Some Theoretical Concepts. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10186162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the electronic transport mechanisms in molecular junctions is of paramount importance to design molecular devices and circuits. In particular, the role of the different junction components contributing to the current decay—namely the attenuation factor—is yet to be clarified. In this short review, we discuss the main theoretical approaches to tackle this question in the non-resonant tunneling regime. We illustrate our purpose through standard symmetric junctions and through recent studies on hybrid molecular junctions using graphene electrodes. In each case, we highlight the contribution from the anchoring groups, the molecular backbone and the electrodes, respectively. In this respect, we consider different anchoring groups and asymmetric junctions. In light of these results, we discuss some perspectives to describe accurately the attenuation factors in molecular electronics.
Collapse
|
27
|
Nanofabrication Techniques in Large-Area Molecular Electronic Devices. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10176064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The societal impact of the electronics industry is enormous—not to mention how this industry impinges on the global economy. The foreseen limits of the current technology—technical, economic, and sustainability issues—open the door to the search for successor technologies. In this context, molecular electronics has emerged as a promising candidate that, at least in the short-term, will not likely replace our silicon-based electronics, but improve its performance through a nascent hybrid technology. Such technology will take advantage of both the small dimensions of the molecules and new functionalities resulting from the quantum effects that govern the properties at the molecular scale. An optimization of interface engineering and integration of molecules to form densely integrated individually addressable arrays of molecules are two crucial aspects in the molecular electronics field. These challenges should be met to establish the bridge between organic functional materials and hard electronics required for the incorporation of such hybrid technology in the market. In this review, the most advanced methods for fabricating large-area molecular electronic devices are presented, highlighting their advantages and limitations. Special emphasis is focused on bottom-up methodologies for the fabrication of well-ordered and tightly-packed monolayers onto the bottom electrode, followed by a description of the top-contact deposition methods so far used.
Collapse
|
28
|
Michnowicz T, Borca B, Pétuya R, Schendel V, Pristl M, Pentegov I, Kraft U, Klauk H, Wahl P, Mutombo P, Jelínek P, Arnau A, Schlickum U, Kern K. Controlling Single Molecule Conductance by a Locally Induced Chemical Reaction on Individual Thiophene Units. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:6207-6212. [PMID: 31965698 PMCID: PMC7187382 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201915200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Among the prerequisites for the progress of single-molecule-based electronic devices are a better understanding of the electronic properties at the individual molecular level and the development of methods to tune the charge transport through molecular junctions. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) is an ideal tool not only for the characterization, but also for the manipulation of single atoms and molecules on surfaces. The conductance through a single molecule can be measured by contacting the molecule with atomic precision and forming a molecular bridge between the metallic STM tip electrode and the metallic surface electrode. The parameters affecting the conductance are mainly related to their electronic structure and to the coupling to the metallic electrodes. Here, the experimental and theoretical analyses are focused on single tetracenothiophene molecules and demonstrate that an in situ-induced direct desulfurization reaction of the thiophene moiety strongly improves the molecular anchoring by forming covalent bonds between molecular carbon and copper surface atoms. This bond formation leads to an increase of the conductance by about 50 % compared to the initial state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Michnowicz
- Department of Nanoscale Science, Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Bogdana Borca
- Department of Nanoscale Science, Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany.,National Institute of Materials Physics, Atomistilor Strasse, No. 405A, 077125, Magurele, Romania.,Present address: Institute of Applied Physics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstrasse 2, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Rémi Pétuya
- Institution: Donostia International Physics Centre, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.,Present address: University of Liverpool, Department of Chemistry, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Verena Schendel
- Department of Nanoscale Science, Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Marcel Pristl
- Department of Nanoscale Science, Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ivan Pentegov
- Department of Nanoscale Science, Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ulrike Kraft
- Department of Organic Electronics, Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany.,Present address: University of Cambridge, Cavendish Laboratory, J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Hagen Klauk
- Department of Organic Electronics, Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Peter Wahl
- Department of Nanoscale Science, Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany.,SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9SS, UK
| | - Pingo Mutombo
- Nanosurf Lab, Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Science, Cukrovarnicka 10, 16253, Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Jelínek
- Nanosurf Lab, Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Science, Cukrovarnicka 10, 16253, Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Andrés Arnau
- Institution: Donostia International Physics Centre, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.,UPV/EHU and Material Physics Center (MPC), Centro Mixto CSIC-UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Uta Schlickum
- Department of Nanoscale Science, Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany.,Institute of Applied Physics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstraße 2, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Klaus Kern
- Department of Nanoscale Science, Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany.,Institut de Physique, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), EPFL SB IPHYS-Direction Bâtiment PH, Station 3, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Michnowicz T, Borca B, Pétuya R, Schendel V, Pristl M, Pentegov I, Kraft U, Klauk H, Wahl P, Mutombo P, Jelínek P, Arnau A, Schlickum U, Kern K. Controlling Single Molecule Conductance by a Locally Induced Chemical Reaction on Individual Thiophene Units. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201915200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Michnowicz
- Department of Nanoscale ScienceMax Planck Institute for Solid State Research Heisenbergstrasse 1 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Bogdana Borca
- Department of Nanoscale ScienceMax Planck Institute for Solid State Research Heisenbergstrasse 1 70569 Stuttgart Germany
- National Institute of Materials Physics Atomistilor Strasse, No. 405A 077125 Magurele Romania
- Present address: Institute of Applied PhysicsTechnische Universität Braunschweig Mendelssohnstrasse 2 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Rémi Pétuya
- Institution: Donostia International Physics Centre Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4 20018 Donostia—San Sebastián Spain
- Present address: University of LiverpoolDepartment of Chemistry Crown Street Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
| | - Verena Schendel
- Department of Nanoscale ScienceMax Planck Institute for Solid State Research Heisenbergstrasse 1 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Marcel Pristl
- Department of Nanoscale ScienceMax Planck Institute for Solid State Research Heisenbergstrasse 1 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Ivan Pentegov
- Department of Nanoscale ScienceMax Planck Institute for Solid State Research Heisenbergstrasse 1 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Ulrike Kraft
- Department of Organic ElectronicsMax Planck Institute for Solid State Research Heisenbergstrasse 1 70569 Stuttgart Germany
- Present address: University of CambridgeCavendish Laboratory J J Thomson Avenue Cambridge CB3 0HE UK
| | - Hagen Klauk
- Department of Organic ElectronicsMax Planck Institute for Solid State Research Heisenbergstrasse 1 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Peter Wahl
- Department of Nanoscale ScienceMax Planck Institute for Solid State Research Heisenbergstrasse 1 70569 Stuttgart Germany
- SUPASchool of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of St Andrews North Haugh St Andrews KY16 9SS UK
| | - Pingo Mutombo
- Nanosurf LabInstitute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Science Cukrovarnicka 10 16253 Praha 6 Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Jelínek
- Nanosurf LabInstitute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Science Cukrovarnicka 10 16253 Praha 6 Czech Republic
| | - Andrés Arnau
- Institution: Donostia International Physics Centre Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4 20018 Donostia—San Sebastián Spain
- UPV/EHU and Material Physics Center (MPC)Centro Mixto CSIC-UPV/EHU Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5 20018 Donostia—San Sebastián Spain
| | - Uta Schlickum
- Department of Nanoscale ScienceMax Planck Institute for Solid State Research Heisenbergstrasse 1 70569 Stuttgart Germany
- Institute of Applied PhysicsTechnische Universität Braunschweig Mendelssohnstraße 2 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Klaus Kern
- Department of Nanoscale ScienceMax Planck Institute for Solid State Research Heisenbergstrasse 1 70569 Stuttgart Germany
- Institut de PhysiqueÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) EPFL SB IPHYS-Direction Bâtiment PH, Station 3 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Chen H, Li Y, Chang S. Hybrid Molecular-Junction Mapping Technique for Simultaneous Measurements of Single-Molecule Electronic Conductance and Its Corresponding Binding Geometry in a Tunneling Junction. Anal Chem 2020; 92:6423-6429. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Haijian Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, The Institute of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430081, P. R. China
| | - Yunchuan Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, The Institute of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430081, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Chang
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, The Institute of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430081, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Soh EJH, Sarwat SG, Mazzotta G, Porter BF, Riede M, Nicholas R, Kim JS, Bhaskaran H. Filamentary High-Resolution Electrical Probes for Nanoengineering. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:1067-1073. [PMID: 31904977 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b04302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Confining electric fields to a nanoscale region is challenging yet crucial for applications such as high-resolution probing of electrical properties of materials and electric-field manipulation of nanoparticles. State-of-the-art techniques involving atomic force microscopy typically have a lateral resolution limit of tens of nanometers due to limitations in the probe geometry and stray electric fields that extend over space. Engineering the probes is the most direct approach to improving this resolution limit. However, current methods to fabricate high-resolution probes, which can effectively confine the electric fields laterally, involve expensive and sophisticated probe manipulation, which has limited the use of this approach. Here, we demonstrate that nanoscale phase switching of configurable thin films on probes can result in high-resolution electrical probes. These configurable coatings can be both germanium-antimony-tellurium (GST) as well as amorphous-carbon, materials known to undergo electric field-induced nonvolatile, yet reversible switching. By forming a localized conductive filament through phase transition, we demonstrate a spatial resolution of electrical field beyond the geometrical limitations of commercial platinum probes (i.e., an improvement of ∼48%). We then utilize these confined electric fields to manipulate nanoparticles with single nanoparticle precision via dielectrophoresis. Our results advance the field of nanomanufacturing and metrology with direct applications for pick and place assembly at the nanoscale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eugene J H Soh
- Department of Materials , University of Oxford , Oxford OX1 3PH , United Kingdom
| | - Syed Ghazi Sarwat
- Department of Materials , University of Oxford , Oxford OX1 3PH , United Kingdom
| | - Giulio Mazzotta
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics , University of Oxford , Oxford OX1 3PU , United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin F Porter
- Department of Materials , University of Oxford , Oxford OX1 3PH , United Kingdom
| | - Moritz Riede
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics , University of Oxford , Oxford OX1 3PU , United Kingdom
| | - Robin Nicholas
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics , University of Oxford , Oxford OX1 3PU , United Kingdom
| | - Judy S Kim
- Department of Materials , University of Oxford , Oxford OX1 3PH , United Kingdom
| | - Harish Bhaskaran
- Department of Materials , University of Oxford , Oxford OX1 3PH , United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Olson D, Boscoboinik A, Tysoe WT. Chemical self-assembly strategies for designing molecular electronic circuits. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:13872-13875. [PMID: 31674624 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc07200d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Design principles are demonstrated for fabricating molecular electronic circuits using the inherently self-limiting growth of molecular wires between gold nanoparticles from the oligomerization of 1,4-phenylene diisocyanide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dustin Olson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Laboratory for Surface Studies, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Xie Z, Bâldea I, Frisbie CD. Energy Level Alignment in Molecular Tunnel Junctions by Transport and Spectroscopy: Self-Consistency for the Case of Alkyl Thiols and Dithiols on Ag, Au, and Pt Electrodes. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:18182-18192. [PMID: 31617711 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b08905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report here an extensive study of transport and electronic structure of molecular junctions based on alkyl thiols (CnT; n = 7, 8, 9, 10, 12) and dithiols (CnDT; n = 8, 9, 10) with various lengths contacted with different metal electrodes (Ag, Au, Pt). The dependence of the low-bias resistance (R) on contact work function indicates that transport is HOMO-assisted (p-type transport). Analysis of the current-voltage (I-V) characteristics for CnT and CnDT tunnel junctions with the analytical single-level model (SLM) provides both the HOMO-Fermi energy offset εhtrans and the average molecule-electrode coupling (Γ) as a function of molecular length (n), electrode work function (Φ), and the number of chemical contacts (one or two). The SLM analysis reveals a strong Fermi level (EF) pinning effect in all the junctions, i.e., εhtrans changes very little with n, Φ, and the number of chemical contacts, but Γ depends strongly on these variables. Significantly, independent measurements of the HOMO-Fermi level offset (εhUPS) by ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) for CnT and CnDT SAMs agree remarkably well with the transport-estimated εhtrans. This result provides strong evidence for hole transport mediated by localized HOMO states at the Au-thiol interface, and not by the delocalized σ states in the C-C backbones, clarifying a long-standing issue in molecular electronics. Our results also substantiate the application of the single-level model for quantitative, unified understanding of transport in benchmark molecular junctions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zuoti Xie
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | - Ioan Bâldea
- Theoretische Chemie , Universität Heidelberg , INF 229 , D-69120 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - C Daniel Frisbie
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Wang G, Zeng BF, Zhao SQ, Qian QZ, Hong W, Yang Y. Application of electrochemistry to single-molecule junctions: from construction to modulation. Sci China Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-019-9523-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
35
|
Fu B, Hsu LY. Photoinduced anomalous Coulomb blockade and the role of triplet states in electron transport through an irradiated molecular transistor. II. Effects of electron-phonon coupling and vibrational relaxation. J Chem Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5112095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Fu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60201, USA
| | - Liang-Yan Hsu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
McConnell C, Nazir A. Electron counting statistics for non-additive environments. J Chem Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5095838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Conor McConnell
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Ahsan Nazir
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Liu R, Shan X, Wang H, Tao N. Plasmonic Measurement of Electron Transfer between a Single Metal Nanoparticle and an Electrode through a Molecular Layer. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:11694-11699. [PMID: 31260624 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b05388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
We study electron transfer associated with electrocatalytic reduction of hydrogen on single platinum nanoparticles separated from an electrode surface with an alkanethiol monolayer using a plasmonic imaging technique. By varying the monolayer thickness, we show that the reaction rate depends on electron tunneling from the electrode to the nanoparticle. The tunneling decay constant is ∼4.3 nm-1, which is small compared to those in literature for alkanethiols. We attribute it to a reduced tunneling barrier resulting from biasing the electrode potential negatively to the hydrogen reduction regime. In addition to allowing study of electron transfer of single nanoparticles, the work demonstrates an optical method to measure charge transport in molecules electrically wired to two electrodes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruihong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Xiaonan Shan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , University of Houston , Houston , Texas 77204 , United States
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Nongjian Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China.,Biodesign Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors and School of Electrical, Energy and Computer Engineering , Arizona State University , Tempe , Arizona 85287 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
He C, Zhang Q, Fan Y, Zhao C, Zhao C, Ye J, Dappe YJ, Nichols RJ, Yang L. Effect of Asymmetric Anchoring Groups on Electronic Transport in Hybrid Metal/Molecule/Graphene Single Molecule Junctions. Chemphyschem 2019; 20:1830-1836. [PMID: 31108024 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201900424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A combined experimental and theoretical study on molecular junctions with asymmetry in both the electrode type and in the anchoring group type is presented. A scanning tunnelling microscope is used to create the "asymmetric" Au-S-(CH2 )n-COOH-graphene molecular junctions and determine their conductance. The measurements are combined with electron transport calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) to analyze the electrical conductance and its length attenuation factor from a series of junctions of different molecular length (n). These results show an unexpected trend with a rather high conductance and a smaller attenuation factor for the Au-S-(CH2 )n -COOH-graphene configuration compared to the equivalent junction with the "symmetrical" COOH contacting using the HOOC-(CH2 )n -COOH series. Owing to the effect of the graphene electrode, the attenuation factor is also smaller than the one obtained for Au/Au electrodes. These results are interpreted through the relative molecule/electrode couplings and molecular level alignments as determined with DFT calculations. In an asymmetric junction, the electrical current flows through the less resistive conductance channel, similarly to what is observed in the macroscopic regime.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui He
- Department of Chemistry, Xi'an-Jiaotong Liverpool University, 215123, Suzhou, China.,Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L697ZD, UK
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Xi'an-Jiaotong Liverpool University, 215123, Suzhou, China.,Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L697ZD, UK
| | - Yinqi Fan
- Department of Chemistry, Xi'an-Jiaotong Liverpool University, 215123, Suzhou, China.,Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L697ZD, UK
| | - Cezhou Zhao
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Xi'an-Jiaotong Liverpool University, 215123, Suzhou, China
| | - Chun Zhao
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Xi'an-Jiaotong Liverpool University, 215123, Suzhou, China
| | - Jingyao Ye
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Copenhagen University, Universitetparken 21, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yannick J Dappe
- SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, Cedex, France
| | - Richard J Nichols
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L697ZD, UK
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Xi'an-Jiaotong Liverpool University, 215123, Suzhou, China.,Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L697ZD, UK
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Vuillaume D. Molecular Electronics: From Single‐Molecule to Large‐Area Devices. Chempluschem 2019; 84:1215-1221. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201900171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Vuillaume
- Institute for Electronics Microelectronics and Nanotechnology CNRSUniversité de Lille Avenue Poincaré CS60069, 59652 cedex Villeneuve d'Ascq France
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Taniguchi M. Paving the way to single-molecule chemistry through molecular electronics. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:9641-9650. [PMID: 31062773 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp00264b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Since our understanding of single-molecule junctions, in which single molecules are connected between nanoelectrodes, has deepened, we have paved the way to single-molecule chemistry. Herein, we review fundamental properties, including the number of molecules connected to the electrode, their structure and type, the bonding force between the single molecule and electrode and the thermopower and quantum interference in single-molecule junctions. Additionally, we review the application of single-molecule junctions to biomolecules. Finally, we explore single-molecule chemical reaction analysis, which is one direction of single-molecule junction research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masateru Taniguchi
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Abstract
The measured electronic properties of proteins are known to depend critically on contacts, although little is known at the single-molecule level. Here, we have measured the conductance of single-protein molecules in their natural aqueous environment, but in conditions where no ion current flows, finding large conductances (nanosiemens) over long paths (many nanometers) when the protein is tethered by chemical contacts formed by binding-specific ligands. This provides a method for forming reliable contacts to proteins, and for the specific detection of single molecules. Thus, single antibodies, such as anti-Ebola IgG, can be detected electrically when they bind a peptide epitope tethered to electrodes, with no background signal from molecules that do not bind specifically. Proteins are widely regarded as insulators, despite reports of electrical conductivity. Here we use measurements of single proteins between electrodes, in their natural aqueous environment to show that the factor controlling measured conductance is the nature of the electrical contact to the protein, and that specific ligands make highly selective electrical contacts. Using six proteins that lack known electrochemical activity, and measuring in a potential region where no ion current flows, we find characteristic peaks in the distributions of measured single-molecule conductances. These peaks depend on the contact chemistry, and hence, on the current path through the protein. In consequence, the measured conductance distribution is sensitive to changes in this path caused by ligand binding, as shown with streptavidin–biotin complexes. Measured conductances are on the order of nanosiemens over distances of many nanometers, orders of magnitude more than could be accounted for by electron tunneling. The current is dominated by contact resistance, so the conductance for a given path is independent of the distance between electrodes, as long as the contact points on the protein can span the gap between electrodes. While there is no currently known biological role for high electronic conductance, its dependence on specific contacts has important technological implications, because no current is observed at all without at least one strongly bonded contact, so direct electrical detection is a highly selective and label-free single-molecule detection method. We demonstrate single-molecule, highly specific, label- and background free-electronic detection of IgG antibodies to HIV and Ebola viruses.
Collapse
|
42
|
Tachikawa H, Iura R, Kawabata H. Water-accelerated π-Stacking Reaction in Benzene Cluster Cation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2377. [PMID: 30787381 PMCID: PMC6382828 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39319-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Single molecule electron devices (SMEDs) have been widely studied through both experiments and theoretical calculations because they exhibit certain specific properties that general macromolecules do not possess. In actual SMED systems, a residual water molecule strongly affects the electronic properties of the SMED, even if only one water molecule is present. However, information about the effect of H2O molecules on the electronic properties of SMEDs is quite limited. In the present study, the effect of H2O on the ON-OFF switching property of benzene-based molecular devices was investigated by means of a direct ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) method. T- and H-shaped benzene dimers and trimers were examined as molecular devices. The present calculations showed that a H2O molecule accelerates the π-stacking formation in benzene molecular electronic systems. The times of stacking formation in a benzene dimer cation (n = 2) were calculated to be 460 fs (H2O) and 947 fs (no-H2O), while those in a trimer cation (n = 3) were 551 fs (H2O) and 1019 fs (no-H2O) as an average of the reaction time. This tendency was not dependent on the levels of theory used. Thus, H2O produced positive effects in benzene-based molecular electronics. The mechanism of π-stacking was discussed based on the theoretical results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroto Tachikawa
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan.
| | - Ryoshu Iura
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kawabata
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Zhao GD, Li LM, Wang Y, Stroppa A, Zhang JH, Ren W. Modifying spin current filtering and magnetoresistance in a molecular spintronic device. RSC Adv 2018; 8:41587-41593. [PMID: 35559333 PMCID: PMC9092355 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra07343k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The zigzag edged graphene nanoribbon (ZGNR) is excellent for spintronics devices, and many efforts have been made to investigate its properties such as spin filtering, rectification and magnetoresistance. Here we propose a molecular spintronic transport device based on two ZGNR electrodes connected with a dibenzo[a,c]dibenzo[5,6:7,8]quinoxalino[2,3-i]phenazine (DDQP) molecule. By performing first-principles electron transport computations, we found an enhanced spin polarized current–voltage curve, giant spin filter efficiency, magnetoresistance and rectification ratio properties of the device compared to its all-carbon molecular analogue. Our systematic investigation suggests the vital role played in spin polarized electron transport by nitrogen atoms in DDQP, the ZGNR probe's width and terminal geometry, especially the increased spin filter efficiency with higher ZGNR width. Three general factors of the molecule device were investigated to enhance its spin filtering efficiency.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Dong Zhao
- International Centre for Quantum and Molecular Structures, Physics Department, Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 China .,Materials Genome Institute and Shanghai Key Laboratory of High Temperature Superconductors, Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Li-Meng Li
- International Centre for Quantum and Molecular Structures, Physics Department, Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 China .,Materials Genome Institute and Shanghai Key Laboratory of High Temperature Superconductors, Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Yin Wang
- International Centre for Quantum and Molecular Structures, Physics Department, Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Alessandro Stroppa
- CNR-SPIN Via Vetoio 67100 L'Aquila Italy.,International Centre for Quantum and Molecular Structures, Physics Department, Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Ji-Hua Zhang
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Computational Nano-Material Science, Guizhou Education University Guiyang 550018 China
| | - Wei Ren
- International Centre for Quantum and Molecular Structures, Physics Department, Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 China .,Materials Genome Institute and Shanghai Key Laboratory of High Temperature Superconductors, Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Sowa JK, Mol JA, Briggs GAD, Gauger EM. Beyond Marcus theory and the Landauer-Büttiker approach in molecular junctions: A unified framework. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:154112. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5049537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jakub K. Sowa
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, OX1 3PH Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jan A. Mol
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, OX1 3PH Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - G. Andrew D. Briggs
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, OX1 3PH Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Erik M. Gauger
- SUPA, Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Xiao B, Liang F, Liu S, Im J, Li Y, Liu J, Zhang B, Zhou J, He J, Chang S. Cucurbituril mediated single molecule detection and identification via recognition tunneling. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 29:365501. [PMID: 29882746 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aacb63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Recognition tunneling (RT) is an emerging technique for investigating single molecules in a tunnel junction. We have previously demonstrated its capability of single molecule detection and identification, as well as probing the dynamics of intermolecular bonding at the single molecule level. Here by introducing cucurbituril as a new class of recognition molecule, we demonstrate a powerful platform for electronically investigating the host-guest chemistry at single molecule level. In this report, we first investigated the single molecule electrical properties of cucurbituril in a tunnel junction. Then we studied two model guest molecules, aminoferrocene and amantadine, which were encapsulated by cucurbituril. Small differences in conductance and lifetime can be recognized between the host-guest complexes with the inclusion of different guest molecules. By using a machine learning algorithm to classify the RT signals in a hyper dimensional space, the accuracy of guest molecule recognition can be significantly improved, suggesting the possibility of using cucurbituril molecule for single molecule identification. This work enables a new class of recognition molecule for RT technique and opens the door for detecting a vast variety of small molecules by electrical measurements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bohuai Xiao
- The State Key laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Sun H, Jiang Z, Xin N, Guo X, Hou S, Liao J. Efficient Fabrication of Stable Graphene-Molecule-Graphene Single-Molecule Junctions at Room Temperature. Chemphyschem 2018; 19:2258-2265. [PMID: 29797388 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201800220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
We present a robust approach to fabricate stable single-molecule junctions at room temperature using single-layer graphene as nanoelectrodes. Molecular scale nano-gaps in graphene were generated using an optimized fast-speed feedback-controlled electroburning process. This process shortened the time for creating a single nano-gap to be less than one minute while keeping a yield higher than 97 %. To precisely control the gap position and minimize the effects of edge defects and the quantum confinement, extra-narrow grooves were pre-patterned in the graphene structures with oxygen plasma etching. Molecular junctions were formed by bridging the nano-gaps with amino-functionalized hexaphenyl molecules by taking advantage of chemical reactions between the amino groups at the two ends of the molecules and the carboxyl groups at the edges of graphene electrodes. Electronic transport measurements and transition voltage spectroscopy analysis verified the formation of single-molecule devices. First-principles quantum transport calculations show that the highest occupied molecular orbital of hexaphenyl is closer to the Fermi level of the graphene electrodes and thus the devices exhibit a hole-type transport characteristics. Some of these molecular devices remained stable up to four weeks, highlighting the potential of graphene nano-electrodes in the fabrication of stable single-molecule devices at room temperature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hantao Sun
- Centre for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zhuoling Jiang
- Centre for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Na Xin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xuefeng Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Shimin Hou
- Centre for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jianhui Liao
- Centre for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Zhang Q, Liu C, Tao S, Yi R, Su W, Zhao C, Zhao C, Dappe YJ, Nichols RJ, Yang L. Fast and straightforward analysis approach of charge transport data in single molecule junctions. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 29:325701. [PMID: 29757161 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aac45a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we introduce an efficient data sorting algorithm, including filters for noisy signals, conductance mapping for analyzing the most dominant conductance group and sub-population groups. The capacity of our data analysis process has also been corroborated on real experimental data sets of Au-1,6-hexanedithiol-Au and Au-1,8-octanedithiol-Au molecular junctions. The fully automated and unsupervised program requires less than one minute on a standard PC to sort the data and generate histograms. The resulting one-dimensional and two-dimensional log histograms give conductance values in good agreement with previous studies. Our algorithm is a straightforward, fast and user-friendly tool for single molecule charge transport data analysis. We also analyze the data in a form of a conductance map which can offer evidence for diversity in molecular conductance. The code for automatic data analysis is openly available, well-documented and ready to use, thereby offering a useful new tool for single molecule electronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Xi'an-Jiaotong Liverpool University, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China. Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Wang Y, Shan X, Tao N. Emerging tools for studying single entity electrochemistry. Faraday Discuss 2018; 193:9-39. [PMID: 27722354 DOI: 10.1039/c6fd00180g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemistry studies charge transfer and related processes at various microscopic structures (atomic steps, islands, pits and kinks on electrodes), and mesoscopic materials (nanoparticles, nanowires, viruses, vesicles and cells) made by nature and humans, involving ions and molecules. The traditional approach measures averaged electrochemical quantities of a large ensemble of these individual entities, including the microstructures, mesoscopic materials, ions and molecules. There is a need to develop tools to study single entities because a real system is usually heterogeneous, e.g., containing nanoparticles with different sizes and shapes. Even in the case of "homogeneous" molecules, they bind to different microscopic structures of an electrode, assume different conformations and fluctuate over time, leading to heterogeneous reactions. Here we highlight some emerging tools for studying single entity electrochemistry, discuss their strengths and weaknesses, and provide personal views on the need for tools with new capabilities for further advancing single entity electrochemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yixian Wang
- Center for Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Biodesign Institute and School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA.
| | - Xiaonan Shan
- Center for Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Biodesign Institute and School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA.
| | - Nongjian Tao
- Center for Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Biodesign Institute and School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA. and State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Gu C, Hu C, Wei Y, Lin D, Jia C, Li M, Su D, Guan J, Xia A, Xie L, Nitzan A, Guo H, Guo X. Label-Free Dynamic Detection of Single-Molecule Nucleophilic-Substitution Reactions. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:4156-4162. [PMID: 29874453 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b00949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms of chemical reactions, including the transformation pathways of the electronic and geometric structures of molecules, are crucial for comprehending the essence and developing new chemistry. However, it is extremely difficult to realize at the single-molecule level. Here, we report a single-molecule approach capable of electrically probing stochastic fluctuations under equilibrium conditions and elucidating time trajectories of single species in non-equilibrated systems. Through molecular engineering, a single molecular wire containing a functional center of 9-phenyl-9-fluorenol was covalently wired into nanogapped graphene electrodes to form stable single-molecule junctions. Both experimental and theoretical studies consistently demonstrate and interpret the direct measurement of the formation dynamics of individual carbocation intermediates with a strong solvent dependence in a nucleophilic-substitution reaction. We also show the kinetic process of competitive transitions between acetate and bromide species, which is inevitable through a carbocation intermediate, confirming the classical mechanism. This unique method creates plenty of opportunities for carrying out single-molecule dynamics or biophysics investigations in broad fields beyond reaction chemistry through molecular design and engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui Gu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , PR China
| | - Chen Hu
- Center for the Physics of Materials and Department of Physics , McGill University , Montreal , Quebec H3A 2T8 , Canada
| | - Ying Wei
- Center for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices, Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics & Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials , Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications , Nanjing 210023 , PR China
| | - Dongqing Lin
- Center for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices, Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics & Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials , Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications , Nanjing 210023 , PR China
| | - Chuancheng Jia
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , PR China
| | - Mingzhi Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , PR China
| | - Dingkai Su
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , PR China
| | - Jianxin Guan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , PR China
| | - Andong Xia
- Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , PR China
| | - Linghai Xie
- Center for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices, Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics & Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials , Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications , Nanjing 210023 , PR China
| | - Abraham Nitzan
- Department of Chemistry , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104-6323 , United States
| | - Hong Guo
- Center for the Physics of Materials and Department of Physics , McGill University , Montreal , Quebec H3A 2T8 , Canada
| | - Xuefeng Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , PR China
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Puebla-Hellmann G, Venkatesan K, Mayor M, Lörtscher E. Metallic nanoparticle contacts for high-yield, ambient-stable molecular-monolayer devices. Nature 2018; 559:232-235. [DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0275-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|