1
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Liu B, Demir B, Gultakti CA, Marrs J, Gong Y, Li R, Oren EE, Hihath J. Self-Aligning Nanojunctions for Integrated Single-Molecule Circuits. ACS Nano 2024; 18:4972-4980. [PMID: 38214957 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c10844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Robust, high-yield integration of nanoscale components such as graphene nanoribbons, nanoparticles, or single-molecules with conventional electronic circuits has proven to be challenging. This difficulty arises because the contacts to these nanoscale devices must be precisely fabricated with angstrom-level resolution to make reliable connections, and at manufacturing scales this cannot be achieved with even the highest-resolution lithographic tools. Here we introduce an approach that circumvents this issue by precisely creating nanometer-scale gaps between metallic carbon electrodes by using a self-aligning, solution-phase process, which allows facile integration with conventional electronic systems with yields approaching 50%. The electrode separation is controlled by covalently binding metallic single-walled carbon nanotube (mCNT) electrodes to individual DNA duplexes to create mCNT-DNA-mCNT nanojunctions, where the gap is precisely matched to the DNA length. These junctions are then integrated with top-down lithographic techniques to create single-molecule circuits that have electronic properties dominated by the DNA in the junction, have reproducible conductance values with low dispersion, and are stable and robust enough to be utilized as active, high-specificity electronic biosensors for dynamic single-molecule detection of specific oligonucleotides, such as those related to the SARS-CoV-2 genome. This scalable approach for high-yield integration of nanometer-scale devices will enable opportunities for manufacturing of hybrid electronic systems for a wide range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liu
- Biodesign Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors at Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Busra Demir
- Bionanodesign Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Ankara 06560, Turkey
- Department of Materials Science and Nanotechnology Engineering, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Ankara 06560, Tureky
| | - Caglanaz Akin Gultakti
- Bionanodesign Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Ankara 06560, Turkey
- Department of Materials Science and Nanotechnology Engineering, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Ankara 06560, Tureky
| | - Jonathan Marrs
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Yichen Gong
- Biodesign Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors at Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Ruihao Li
- Biodesign Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors at Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Ersin Emre Oren
- Bionanodesign Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Ankara 06560, Turkey
- Department of Materials Science and Nanotechnology Engineering, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Ankara 06560, Tureky
| | - Joshua Hihath
- Biodesign Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors at Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
- School of Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
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2
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Marrs J, Lu Q, Pan V, Ke Y, Hihath J. Structure-Dependent Electrical Conductance of DNA Origami Nanowires. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202200454. [PMID: 36342926 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Exploring the structural and electrical properties of DNA origami nanowires is an important endeavor for the advancement of DNA nanotechnology and DNA nanoelectronics. Highly conductive DNA origami nanowires are a desirable target for creating low-cost self-assembled nanoelectronic devices and circuits. In this work, the structure-dependent electrical conductance of DNA origami nanowires is investigated. A silicon nitride (Si3 N4 ) on silicon semiconductor chip with gold electrodes was used for collecting electrical conductance measurements of DNA origami nanowires, which are found to be an order of magnitude less electrically resistive on Si3 N4 substrates treated with a monolayer of hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) (∼1013 ohms) than on native Si3 N4 substrates without HMDS (∼1014 ohms). Atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements of the height of DNA origami nanowires on mica and Si3 N4 substrates reveal that DNA origami nanowires are ∼1.6 nm taller on HMDS-treated substrates than on the untreated ones indicating that the DNA origami nanowires undergo increased structural deformation when deposited onto untreated substrates, causing a decrease in electrical conductivity. This study highlights the importance of understanding and controlling the interface conditions that affect the structure of DNA and thereby affect the electrical conductance of DNA origami nanowires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Marrs
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, 95616, USA
| | - Qinyi Lu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322, USA
| | - Victor Pan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322, USA
| | - Yonggang Ke
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322, USA
| | - Joshua Hihath
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, 95616, USA.,Biodesign Center for Bioelectronics, School of Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
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3
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Alangari M, Demir B, Gultakti CA, Oren EE, Hihath J. Mapping DNA Conformations Using Single-Molecule Conductance Measurements. Biomolecules 2023; 13:129. [PMID: 36671514 PMCID: PMC9855376 DOI: 10.3390/biom13010129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA is an attractive material for a range of applications in nanoscience and nanotechnology, and it has recently been demonstrated that the electronic properties of DNA are uniquely sensitive to its sequence and structure, opening new opportunities for the development of electronic DNA biosensors. In this report, we examine the origin of multiple conductance peaks that can occur during single-molecule break-junction (SMBJ)-based conductance measurements on DNA. We demonstrate that these peaks originate from the presence of multiple DNA conformations within the solutions, in particular, double-stranded B-form DNA (dsDNA) and G-quadruplex structures. Using a combination of circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, computational approaches, sequence and environmental controls, and single-molecule conductance measurements, we disentangle the conductance information and demonstrate that specific conductance values come from specific conformations of the DNA and that the occurrence of these peaks can be controlled by controlling the local environment. In addition, we demonstrate that conductance measurements are uniquely sensitive to identifying these conformations in solutions and that multiple configurations can be detected in solutions over an extremely large concentration range, opening new possibilities for examining low-probability DNA conformations in solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mashari Alangari
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Engineering College, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 55476, Saudi Arabia
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Busra Demir
- Bionanodesign Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Ankara 06560, Turkey
- Department of Materials Science and Nanotechnology Engineering, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Ankara 06560, Turkey
| | - Caglanaz Akin Gultakti
- Bionanodesign Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Ankara 06560, Turkey
- Department of Materials Science and Nanotechnology Engineering, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Ankara 06560, Turkey
| | - Ersin Emre Oren
- Bionanodesign Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Ankara 06560, Turkey
- Department of Materials Science and Nanotechnology Engineering, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Ankara 06560, Turkey
| | - Joshua Hihath
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Biodesign Center for Bioelectronics, School of Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
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4
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Hihath J. Molecular electronics go synaptic. Nat Mater 2022; 21:1346-1347. [PMID: 36411350 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-022-01406-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Hihath
- Biodesign Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, and School of Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
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5
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Ghomian T, Hihath J. Review of Dielectrophoretic Manipulation of Micro and Nanomaterials: Fundamentals, Recent Developments, and Challenges. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2022; 70:27-41. [PMID: 35704537 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2022.3183167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This paper reviews the state-of-the-art methods of dielectrophoresis for micro- and nanomaterial manipulation. Dielectrophoresis is a well-known technique for material manipulation using a nonuniform electric field. This field can apply a force to dielectric materials and move them toward a predefined location. Controlling the pattern of the electric field and its intensity, achieved by a specific arrangement of electrodes or insulators, along with the dielectric properties of the materials allows a variety of manipulation functions including trapping, separation, and transportation. The development of microfabrication techniques has significantly improved the research quality in the field of dielectrophoresis for precisely manipulating micro and nanomaterials. Later, the advent of microfluidic devices provided an excellent platform for reliable and practical devices. Modifying the shape, geometry, and material of the electrodes, isolating the electrodes from the sample, incorporating a particular arrangement of insulators within the electric field, and monitoring the operation in situ are some of the methods utilized for overcoming common problems in dielectrophoretic devices or the problems associated with a specific sample and the manipulation function. The goal of the research in this field is to design practical, high throughput, and inexpensive devices that reliably manipulate micro and nanomaterials. Accordingly, this review aims to represent latest findings and advancements in the field of dielectrophoresis. In particular, the working principles, technical implementation details, current status, and the issues and challenges of dielectrophoretic devices for electrode-based and insulator-based dielectrophoresis in terms of operation and fabrication are discussed.
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6
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Aiello CD, Abendroth JM, Abbas M, Afanasev A, Agarwal S, Banerjee AS, Beratan DN, Belling JN, Berche B, Botana A, Caram JR, Celardo GL, Cuniberti G, Garcia-Etxarri A, Dianat A, Diez-Perez I, Guo Y, Gutierrez R, Herrmann C, Hihath J, Kale S, Kurian P, Lai YC, Liu T, Lopez A, Medina E, Mujica V, Naaman R, Noormandipour M, Palma JL, Paltiel Y, Petuskey W, Ribeiro-Silva JC, Saenz JJ, Santos EJG, Solyanik-Gorgone M, Sorger VJ, Stemer DM, Ugalde JM, Valdes-Curiel A, Varela S, Waldeck DH, Wasielewski MR, Weiss PS, Zacharias H, Wang QH. A Chirality-Based Quantum Leap. ACS Nano 2022; 16:4989-5035. [PMID: 35318848 PMCID: PMC9278663 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c01347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing interest in the study of chiral degrees of freedom occurring in matter and in electromagnetic fields. Opportunities in quantum sciences will likely exploit two main areas that are the focus of this Review: (1) recent observations of the chiral-induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect in chiral molecules and engineered nanomaterials and (2) rapidly evolving nanophotonic strategies designed to amplify chiral light-matter interactions. On the one hand, the CISS effect underpins the observation that charge transport through nanoscopic chiral structures favors a particular electronic spin orientation, resulting in large room-temperature spin polarizations. Observations of the CISS effect suggest opportunities for spin control and for the design and fabrication of room-temperature quantum devices from the bottom up, with atomic-scale precision and molecular modularity. On the other hand, chiral-optical effects that depend on both spin- and orbital-angular momentum of photons could offer key advantages in all-optical and quantum information technologies. In particular, amplification of these chiral light-matter interactions using rationally designed plasmonic and dielectric nanomaterials provide approaches to manipulate light intensity, polarization, and phase in confined nanoscale geometries. Any technology that relies on optimal charge transport, or optical control and readout, including quantum devices for logic, sensing, and storage, may benefit from chiral quantum properties. These properties can be theoretically and experimentally investigated from a quantum information perspective, which has not yet been fully developed. There are uncharted implications for the quantum sciences once chiral couplings can be engineered to control the storage, transduction, and manipulation of quantum information. This forward-looking Review provides a survey of the experimental and theoretical fundamentals of chiral-influenced quantum effects and presents a vision for their possible future roles in enabling room-temperature quantum technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarice D. Aiello
- California
NanoSystems Institute, University of California,
Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - John M. Abendroth
- Laboratory
for Solid State Physics, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Muneer Abbas
- Department
of Microbiology, Howard University, Washington, D.C. 20059, United States
| | - Andrei Afanasev
- Department
of Physics, George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 20052, United States
| | - Shivang Agarwal
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Amartya S. Banerjee
- California
NanoSystems Institute, University of California,
Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - David N. Beratan
- Departments
of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Jason N. Belling
- California
NanoSystems Institute, University of California,
Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Bertrand Berche
- Laboratoire
de Physique et Chimie Théoriques, UMR Université de Lorraine-CNRS, 7019 54506 Vandœuvre les
Nancy, France
| | - Antia Botana
- Department
of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Justin R. Caram
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Giuseppe Luca Celardo
- Institute
of Physics, Benemerita Universidad Autonoma
de Puebla, Apartado Postal J-48, 72570, Mexico
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Gianaurelio Cuniberti
- Institute
for Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Dresden University of Technology, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Aitzol Garcia-Etxarri
- Donostia
International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 Donostia, San Sebastian, Spain
- IKERBASQUE,
Basque Foundation for Science, Maria Diaz de Haro 3, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Arezoo Dianat
- Institute
for Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Dresden University of Technology, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ismael Diez-Perez
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, King’s College London, 7 Trinity Street, London SE1 1DB, United Kingdom
| | - Yuqi Guo
- School
for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Rafael Gutierrez
- Institute
for Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Dresden University of Technology, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Carmen Herrmann
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Joshua Hihath
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Suneet Kale
- School
of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Philip Kurian
- Quantum
Biology Laboratory, Graduate School, Howard
University, Washington, D.C. 20059, United States
| | - Ying-Cheng Lai
- School
of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Tianhan Liu
- California
NanoSystems Institute, University of California,
Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Alexander Lopez
- Escuela
Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Campus Gustavo Galindo Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, PO Box 09-01-5863, Guayaquil 090902, Ecuador
| | - Ernesto Medina
- Departamento
de Física, Colegio de Ciencias e Ingeniería, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Av. Diego de Robles
y Vía Interoceánica, Quito 170901, Ecuador
| | - Vladimiro Mujica
- School
of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
- Kimika
Fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, 20080 Donostia, Euskadi, Spain
| | - Ron Naaman
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann
Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Mohammadreza Noormandipour
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- TCM Group,
Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Julio L. Palma
- Department
of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, Lemont Furnace, Pennsylvania 15456, United States
| | - Yossi Paltiel
- Applied
Physics Department and the Center for Nano-Science and Nano-Technology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - William Petuskey
- School
of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - João Carlos Ribeiro-Silva
- Laboratory
of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology, Heart Institute, University of São Paulo Medical School, 05508-900 São
Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juan José Saenz
- Donostia
International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 Donostia, San Sebastian, Spain
- IKERBASQUE,
Basque Foundation for Science, Maria Diaz de Haro 3, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Elton J. G. Santos
- Institute
for Condensed Matter Physics and Complex Systems, School of Physics
and Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
- Higgs Centre
for Theoretical Physics, The University
of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Solyanik-Gorgone
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 20052, United States
| | - Volker J. Sorger
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 20052, United States
| | - Dominik M. Stemer
- California
NanoSystems Institute, University of California,
Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Jesus M. Ugalde
- Kimika
Fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, 20080 Donostia, Euskadi, Spain
| | - Ana Valdes-Curiel
- California
NanoSystems Institute, University of California,
Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Solmar Varela
- School
of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Yachay
Tech University, 100119 Urcuquí, Ecuador
| | - David H. Waldeck
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Michael R. Wasielewski
- Department
of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Quantum Transduction, and Institute
for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Paul S. Weiss
- California
NanoSystems Institute, University of California,
Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of California,
Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095, United States
| | - Helmut Zacharias
- Center
for Soft Nanoscience, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Qing Hua Wang
- School
for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
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7
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Ghomian T, Kizilkaya O, Domulevicz LK, Hihath J. Molecular quantum interference effects on thermopower in hybrid 2-dimensional monolayers. Nanoscale 2022; 14:6248-6257. [PMID: 35411364 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr01731h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Quantum interference effects in single-molecule devices can significantly enhance the thermoelectric properties of these devices. However, single-molecule systems have limited utility for power conversion. In this work, we study the effects of destructive quantum interference in molecular junctions on the thermoelectric properties of hybrid, 2-dimensional molecule-nanoparticle monolayers. We study two isomers of benzenedithiol molecules, with either a para or meta configuration for the thiol groups, as molecular interlinkers between gold nanoparticles in the structure. The asymmetrical structure in the meta configuration significantly improves the Seebeck coefficient and power factor over the para configuration. These results suggest that thermoelectric performance of engineered, nanostructured material can be enhanced by harnessing quantum interference effects in the substituent components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taher Ghomian
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
- Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | - Orhan Kizilkaya
- Center for Advanced Microstructures and Devices, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Lucas Kyle Domulevicz
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Joshua Hihath
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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8
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Mohammad H, Demir B, Akin C, Luan B, Hihath J, Oren EE, Anantram MP. Role of intercalation in the electrical properties of nucleic acids for use in molecular electronics. Nanoscale Horiz 2021; 6:651-660. [PMID: 34190284 DOI: 10.1039/d1nh00211b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Intercalating ds-DNA/RNA with small molecules can play an essential role in controlling the electron transmission probability for molecular electronics applications such as biosensors, single-molecule transistors, and data storage. However, its applications are limited due to a lack of understanding of the nature of intercalation and electron transport mechanisms. We addressed this long-standing problem by studying the effect of intercalation on both the molecular structure and charge transport along the nucleic acids using molecular dynamics simulations and first-principles calculations coupled with the Green's function method, respectively. The study on anthraquinone and anthraquinone-neomycin conjugate intercalation into short nucleic acids reveals some universal features: (1) the intercalation affects the transmission by two mechanisms: (a) inducing energy levels within the bandgap and (b) shifting the location of the Fermi energy with respect to the molecular orbitals of the nucleic acid, (2) the effect of intercalation was found to be dependent on the redox state of the intercalator: while oxidized anthraquinone decreases, reduced anthraquinone increases the conductance, and (3) the sequence of the intercalated nucleic acid further affects the transmission: lowering the AT-region length was found to enhance the electronic coupling of the intercalator with GC bases, hence yielding an increase of more than four times in conductance. We anticipate our study to inspire designing intercalator-nucleic acid complexes for potential use in molecular electronics via creating a multi-level gating effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hashem Mohammad
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Busra Demir
- Bionanodesign Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Ankara, Turkey. and Department of Materials Science & Nanotechnology Engineering, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Caglanaz Akin
- Bionanodesign Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Ankara, Turkey. and Department of Materials Science & Nanotechnology Engineering, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Binquan Luan
- Computational Biological Center, IBM Thomas J. Watson Research, Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA
| | - Joshua Hihath
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Ersin Emre Oren
- Bionanodesign Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Ankara, Turkey. and Department of Materials Science & Nanotechnology Engineering, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - M P Anantram
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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9
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Domulevicz L, Jeong H, Paul NK, Gomez-Diaz JS, Hihath J. Multidimensional Characterization of Single-Molecule Dynamics in a Plasmonic Nanocavity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:16436-16441. [PMID: 33847037 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202100886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Nanoscale manipulation and characterization of individual molecules is necessary to understand the intricacies of molecular structure, which governs phenomena such as reaction mechanisms, catalysis, local effective temperatures, surface interactions, and charge transport. Here we utilize Raman enhancement between two nanostructured electrodes in combination with direct charge transport measurements to allow for simultaneous characterization of the electrical, optical, and mechanical properties of a single molecule. This multi-dimensional information yields repeatable, self-consistent, verification of single-molecule resolution, and allows for detailed analysis of structural and configurational changes of the molecule in situ. These experimental results are supported by a machine-learning based statistical analysis of the spectral information and calculations to provide insight into the correlation between structural changes in a single-molecule and its charge-transport properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Domulevicz
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Hyunhak Jeong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Nayan K Paul
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Juan Sebastian Gomez-Diaz
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Joshua Hihath
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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10
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Domulevicz L, Jeong H, Paul NK, Gomez‐Diaz JS, Hihath J. Back Cover: Multidimensional Characterization of Single‐Molecule Dynamics in a Plasmonic Nanocavity (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 30/2021). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202106779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Domulevicz
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California Davis One Shields Ave. Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Hyunhak Jeong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California Davis One Shields Ave. Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Nayan K. Paul
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California Davis One Shields Ave. Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Juan Sebastian Gomez‐Diaz
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California Davis One Shields Ave. Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Joshua Hihath
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California Davis One Shields Ave. Davis CA 95616 USA
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11
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Domulevicz L, Jeong H, Paul NK, Gomez‐Diaz JS, Hihath J. Multidimensional Characterization of Single‐Molecule Dynamics in a Plasmonic Nanocavity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202100886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Domulevicz
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California Davis One Shields Ave. Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Hyunhak Jeong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California Davis One Shields Ave. Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Nayan K. Paul
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California Davis One Shields Ave. Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Juan Sebastian Gomez‐Diaz
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California Davis One Shields Ave. Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Joshua Hihath
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California Davis One Shields Ave. Davis CA 95616 USA
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12
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Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (Au nanoparticles) that are ~12 nm in diameter were synthesized by rapidly injecting a solution of 150 mg (0.15 mmol) of tetrachloroauric acid in 3.0 g (3.7 mmol, 3.6 mL) of oleylamine (technical grade) and 3.0 mL of toluene into a boiling solution of 5.1 g (6.4 mmol, 8.7 mL) of oleylamine in 147 mL of toluene. While boiling and mixing the reaction solution for 2 hours, the color of the reaction mixture changed from clear, to light yellow, to light pink, and then slowly to dark red. The heat was then turned off, and the solution was allowed to gradually cool down to room temperature for 1 hour. The gold nanoparticles were then collected and separated from the solution using a centrifuge and washed three times; by vortexing and dispersing the gold nanoparticles in 10 mL portions of toluene, and then precipitating the gold nanoparticles by adding 40 mL portions of methanol and spinning them in a centrifuge. The solution was then decanted to remove any remaining byproducts and unreacted starting materials. Drying the gold nanoparticles in a vacuum environment produced a solid black pellet; which could be stored for long periods of time (up to one year) for later use, and then redissolved in organic solvents such as toluene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Marrs
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Davis;
| | - Taher Ghomian
- Department of Computer Sciences and Electrical Engineering, Marshall University
| | - Lucas Domulevicz
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Davis
| | - Cliff McCold
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Davis
| | - Joshua Hihath
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Davis
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13
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Wang Y, Alangari M, Hihath J, Das AK, Anantram MP. A machine learning approach for accurate and real-time DNA sequence identification. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:525. [PMID: 34243709 PMCID: PMC8268518 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07841-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The all-electronic Single Molecule Break Junction (SMBJ) method is an emerging alternative to traditional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques for genetic sequencing and identification. Existing work indicates that the current spectra recorded from SMBJ experimentations contain unique signatures to identify known sequences from a dataset. However, the spectra are typically extremely noisy due to the stochastic and complex interactions between the substrate, sample, environment, and the measuring system, necessitating hundreds or thousands of experimentations to obtain reliable and accurate results. RESULTS This article presents a DNA sequence identification system based on the current spectra of ten short strand sequences, including a pair that differs by a single mismatch. By employing a gradient boosted tree classifier model trained on conductance histograms, we demonstrate that extremely high accuracy, ranging from approximately 96 % for molecules differing by a single mismatch to 99.5 % otherwise, is possible. Further, such accuracy metrics are achievable in near real-time with just twenty or thirty SMBJ measurements instead of hundreds or thousands. We also demonstrate that a tandem classifier architecture, where the first stage is a multiclass classifier and the second stage is a binary classifier, can be employed to boost the single mismatched pair's identification accuracy to 99.5 %. CONCLUSIONS A monolithic classifier, or more generally, a multistage classifier with model specific parameters that depend on experimental current spectra can be used to successfully identify DNA strands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiren Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Washington, 98195, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Mashari Alangari
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California Davis, 95616, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Joshua Hihath
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California Davis, 95616, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Arindam K Das
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Eastern Washington University, 99004, Cheney, WA, USA
| | - M P Anantram
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Washington, 98195, Seattle, WA, USA.
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14
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Domulevicz L, Jeong H, Paul NK, Gomez‐Diaz JS, Hihath J. Multidimensional Characterization of Single‐Molecule Dynamics in a Plasmonic Nanocavity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202106779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Domulevicz
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California Davis One Shields Ave. Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Hyunhak Jeong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California Davis One Shields Ave. Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Nayan K. Paul
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California Davis One Shields Ave. Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Juan Sebastian Gomez‐Diaz
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California Davis One Shields Ave. Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Joshua Hihath
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California Davis One Shields Ave. Davis CA 95616 USA
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15
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Li HB, Xi YF, Hong ZW, Yu J, Li XX, Liu WX, Domulevicz L, Jin S, Zhou XS, Hihath J. Temperature-Dependent Tunneling in Furan Oligomer Single-Molecule Junctions. ACS Sens 2021; 6:565-572. [PMID: 33529001 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c02278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Two commonly observed charge transport mechanisms in single-molecule junctions are coherent tunneling and incoherent hopping. It has been generally believed that tunneling processes yield temperature-independent conductance behavior and hopping processes exhibit increasing conductance with increasing temperature. However, it has recently been proposed that tunneling can also yield temperature-dependent transport due to the thermal broadening of the Fermi energy of the contacts. In this work, we examine a series of rigid, planar furan oligomers that are free from a rotational internal degree of freedom to examine the temperature dependence of tunneling transport directly over a wide temperature range (78-300 K). Our results demonstrate conductance transition from a temperature-independent regime to a temperature-dependent regime. By examining various hopping and tunneling models and the correlation between the temperature dependence of conductance and molecular orbital energy offset from the Fermi level, we conclude thermally assisted tunneling is the dominant cause for the onset of temperature-dependent conductance in these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haipeng B. Li
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Yan-Feng Xi
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Ze-Wen Hong
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Reactive Chemistry on Solid Surfaces, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, China
| | - Jingxian Yu
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP), Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia
| | - Xiao-Xia Li
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Wen-Xia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Lucas Domulevicz
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Shan Jin
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Xiao-Shun Zhou
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Reactive Chemistry on Solid Surfaces, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, China
| | - Joshua Hihath
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
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16
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Forzani ES, He H, Hihath J, Lindsay S, Penner RM, Wang S, Xu B. Moving Electrons Purposefully through Single Molecules and Nanostructures: A Tribute to the Science of Professor Nongjian Tao (1963-2020). ACS Nano 2020; 14:12291-12312. [PMID: 32940998 PMCID: PMC7718722 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c06017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemistry intersected nanoscience 25 years ago when it became possible to control the flow of electrons through single molecules and nanostructures. Many surprises and a wealth of understanding were generated by these experiments. Professor Nongjian Tao was among the pioneering scientists who created the methods and technologies for advancing this new frontier. Achieving a deeper understanding of charge transport in molecules and low-dimensional materials was the first priority of his experiments, but he also succeeded in discovering applications in chemical sensing and biosensing for these novel nanoscopic systems. In parallel with this work, the investigation of a range of phenomena using novel optical microscopic methods was a passion of his and his students. This article is a review and an appreciation of some of his many contributions with a view to the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica S Forzani
- Biodesign Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Departments of Chemical Engineering and Mechanical Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Huixin He
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Joshua Hihath
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Stuart Lindsay
- Biodesign Center for Single Molecule Biophysics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Reginald M Penner
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Shaopeng Wang
- Biodesign Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Bingqian Xu
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
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17
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Li HB, Tebikachew BE, Wiberg C, Moth‐Poulsen K, Hihath J. Inside Back Cover: A Memristive Element Based on an Electrically Controlled Single‐Molecule Reaction (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 28/2020). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202007160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haipeng B. Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California Davis Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Behabitu E. Tebikachew
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chalmers University of Technology 41296 Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Cedrik Wiberg
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chalmers University of Technology 41296 Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Kasper Moth‐Poulsen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chalmers University of Technology 41296 Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Joshua Hihath
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California Davis Davis CA 95616 USA
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18
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Li HB, Tebikachew BE, Wiberg C, Moth‐Poulsen K, Hihath J. Innenrücktitelbild: A Memristive Element Based on an Electrically Controlled Single‐Molecule Reaction (Angew. Chem. 28/2020). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202007160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haipeng B. Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California Davis Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Behabitu E. Tebikachew
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chalmers University of Technology 41296 Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Cedrik Wiberg
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chalmers University of Technology 41296 Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Kasper Moth‐Poulsen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chalmers University of Technology 41296 Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Joshua Hihath
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California Davis Davis CA 95616 USA
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19
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Xiang L, Zhang P, Liu C, He X, Li HB, Li Y, Wang Z, Hihath J, Kim SH, Beratan DN, Tao N. Conductance and configuration of molecular gold-water-gold junctions under electric fields. Matter 2020; 3:166-179. [PMID: 33103114 PMCID: PMC7584381 DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2020.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Water molecules can mediate charge transfer in biological and chemical reactions by forming electronic coupling pathways. Understanding the mechanism requires a molecular-level electrical characterization of water. Here, we describe the measurement of single water molecular conductance at room temperature, characterize the structure of water molecules using infrared spectroscopy, and perform theoretical studies to assist in the interpretation of the experimental data. The study reveals two distinct states of water, corresponding to a parallel and perpendicular orientation of the molecules. Water molecules switch from parallel to perpendicular orientations on applying an electric field, producing switching from high to low conductance states, thus enabling the determination of single water molecular dipole moments. The work further shows that water-water interactions affect the atomic scale configuration and conductance of water molecules. These findings demonstrate the importance of the discrete nature of water molecules in electron transfer and set limits on water-mediated electron transfer rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Xiang
- Biodesign Center for Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
- Lead contact
| | - Peng Zhang
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Chaoren Liu
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Xin He
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Haipeng B. Li
- Department of Electrical and Computing Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Yueqi Li
- Biodesign Center for Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - Zixiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Joshua Hihath
- Department of Electrical and Computing Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Seong H. Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - David N. Beratan
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | - Nongjian Tao
- Biodesign Center for Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
- School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
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20
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Li HB, Tebikachew BE, Wiberg C, Moth‐Poulsen K, Hihath J. A Memristive Element Based on an Electrically Controlled Single‐Molecule Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202002300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haipeng B. Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California Davis Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Behabitu E. Tebikachew
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chalmers University of Technology 41296 Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Cedrik Wiberg
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chalmers University of Technology 41296 Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Kasper Moth‐Poulsen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chalmers University of Technology 41296 Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Joshua Hihath
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California Davis Davis CA 95616 USA
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21
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Li HB, Tebikachew BE, Wiberg C, Moth‐Poulsen K, Hihath J. A Memristive Element Based on an Electrically Controlled Single‐Molecule Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:11641-11646. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202002300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haipeng B. Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California Davis Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Behabitu E. Tebikachew
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chalmers University of Technology 41296 Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Cedrik Wiberg
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chalmers University of Technology 41296 Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Kasper Moth‐Poulsen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chalmers University of Technology 41296 Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Joshua Hihath
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California Davis Davis CA 95616 USA
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22
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Veselinovic J, Alangari M, Li Y, Matharu Z, Artés JM, Seker E, Hihath J. Two-tiered electrical detection, purification, and identification of nucleic acids in complex media. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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23
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Jeong H, Hwang WT, Song Y, Kim JK, Kim Y, Hihath J, Chung S, Lee T. Highly uniform monolayer graphene synthesis via a facile pretreatment of copper catalyst substrates using an ammonium persulfate solution. RSC Adv 2019; 9:20871-20878. [PMID: 35515571 PMCID: PMC9065771 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra02689d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A facile method for preparing a pretreated copper catalyst substrate for highly uniform, large-area CVD graphene growth is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunhak Jeong
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
- Institute of Applied Physics
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 08826
- South Korea
| | - Wang-Taek Hwang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
- Institute of Applied Physics
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 08826
- South Korea
| | - Younggul Song
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
- Institute of Applied Physics
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 08826
- South Korea
| | - Jae-Keun Kim
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
- Institute of Applied Physics
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 08826
- South Korea
| | - Youngrok Kim
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
- Institute of Applied Physics
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 08826
- South Korea
| | - Joshua Hihath
- Electrical and Computer Engineering
- University of California
- Davis
- USA
| | - Seungjun Chung
- Photo-Electronic Hybrids Research Center
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)
- Seoul 02792
- South Korea
| | - Takhee Lee
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
- Institute of Applied Physics
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 08826
- South Korea
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24
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Li Y, Artés JM, Demir B, Gokce S, Mohammad HM, Alangari M, Anantram MP, Oren EE, Hihath J. Detection and identification of genetic material via single-molecule conductance. Nat Nanotechnol 2018; 13:1167-1173. [PMID: 30397286 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-018-0285-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The ongoing discoveries of RNA modalities (for example, non-coding, micro and enhancer) have resulted in an increased desire for detecting, sequencing and identifying RNA segments for applications in food safety, water and environmental protection, plant and animal pathology, clinical diagnosis and research, and bio-security. Here, we demonstrate that single-molecule conductance techniques can be used to extract biologically relevant information from short RNA oligonucleotides, that these measurements are sensitive to attomolar target concentrations, that they are capable of being multiplexed, and that they can detect targets of interest in the presence of other, possibly interfering, RNA sequences. We also demonstrate that the charge transport properties of RNA:DNA hybrids are sensitive to single-nucleotide polymorphisms, thus enabling differentiation between specific serotypes of Escherichia coli. Using a combination of spectroscopic and computational approaches, we determine that the conductance sensitivity primarily arises from the effects that the mutations have on the conformational structure of the molecules, rather than from the direct chemical substitutions. We believe that this approach can be further developed to make an electrically based sensor for diagnostic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhui Li
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Juan M Artés
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Biophysics and Photosynthesis, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Chemistry Department, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA
| | - Busra Demir
- Bionanodesign Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Materials Science & Nanotechnology Engineering, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sumeyye Gokce
- Bionanodesign Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Materials Science & Nanotechnology Engineering, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hashem M Mohammad
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mashari Alangari
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - M P Anantram
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Ersin Emre Oren
- Bionanodesign Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Ankara, Turkey.
- Department of Materials Science & Nanotechnology Engineering, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Joshua Hihath
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
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25
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Wang H, Wang Z, Wang Y, Hihath J, Chen HY, Li Y, Tao N. Potential Dependence of Mechanical Stability and Electronic Coupling of Single S–Au Bonds. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:18074-18081. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b10857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zixiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Joshua Hihath
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Hong-Yuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yueqi Li
- Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Nongjian Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
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26
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Ramachandran R, Li HB, Lo WY, Neshchadin A, Yu L, Hihath J. An Electromechanical Approach to Understanding Binding Configurations in Single-Molecule Devices. Nano Lett 2018; 18:6638-6644. [PMID: 30247037 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b03415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The configuration of the molecule-electrode contact region plays an important role in determining the conductance of a single-molecule junction, and the variety of possible contact configurations have yielded multiple conductance values for a number of molecular families. In this report, we perform simultaneous conductance and electromechanical coupling parameter measurements on a series of oligophenylene-dithiol single-molecule junctions. These molecules show two distinct conductance values, and by examining the conductance changes, the electromechanical coupling, and the changes in the I- V characteristics coupled with a combination of analytical mechanical models and density functional theory (DFT) structure calculations, we are able to determine the most-probable binding configuration in each of the conductance states. We find that the lower-conductance state is likely due to the thiols binding to each electrode at a gold top site, and in the higher-conductance state, the phenylene π orbitals interact with electrodes, drastically modifying the transport behavior. This approach provides an expanded methodology for exploring the relationship between the molecule-electrode contact configuration and molecular conductance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roohi Ramachandran
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , University of California, Davis , 1 Shields Avenue , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Haipeng B Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , University of California, Davis , 1 Shields Avenue , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Wai-Yip Lo
- Department of Chemistry and the James Franck Institute , The University of Chicago , 929 East 57th Street , Chicago , Illinois 60637 , United States
| | - Andriy Neshchadin
- Department of Chemistry and the James Franck Institute , The University of Chicago , 929 East 57th Street , Chicago , Illinois 60637 , United States
| | - Luping Yu
- Department of Chemistry and the James Franck Institute , The University of Chicago , 929 East 57th Street , Chicago , Illinois 60637 , United States
| | - Joshua Hihath
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , University of California, Davis , 1 Shields Avenue , Davis , California 95616 , United States
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27
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Hihath
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
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28
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Tebikachew B, Li HB, Pirrotta A, Börjesson K, Solomon GC, Hihath J, Moth-Poulsen K. Effect of Ring Strain on the Charge Transport of a Robust Norbornadiene-Quadricyclane-Based Molecular Photoswitch. J Phys Chem C Nanomater Interfaces 2017; 121:7094-7100. [PMID: 28408968 PMCID: PMC5385524 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.7b00319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Integrating functional molecules into single-molecule devices is a key step toward the realization of future computing machines based on the smallest possible components. In this context, photoswitching molecules that can make a transition between high and low conductivity in response to light are attractive candidates. Here we present the synthesis and conductance properties of a new type of robust molecular photothermal switch based on the norbornadiene (NB)-quadricyclane (QC) system. The transport through the molecule in the ON state is dominated by a pathway through the π-conjugated system, which is no longer available when the system is switched to the OFF state. Interestingly, in the OFF state we find that the same pathway contributes only 12% to the transport properties. We attribute this observation to the strained tetrahedral geometry of the QC. These results challenge the prevailing assumption that current will simply flow through the shortest through-bond path in a molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behabitu
E. Tebikachew
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers
University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Haipeng B. Li
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Alessandro Pirrotta
- Nano-Science
Center and Department of Chemistry, University
of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Karl Börjesson
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Gothenburg, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gemma C. Solomon
- Nano-Science
Center and Department of Chemistry, University
of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
- E-mail:
| | - Joshua Hihath
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
- E-mail:
| | - Kasper Moth-Poulsen
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers
University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
- E-mail:
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29
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Li Y, Artés JM, Qi J, Morelan IA, Feldstein P, Anantram MP, Hihath J. Comparing Charge Transport in Oligonucleotides: RNA:DNA Hybrids and DNA Duplexes. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:1888-1894. [PMID: 27145167 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b00749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the electronic properties of oligonucleotide systems is important for applications in nanotechnology, biology, and sensing systems. Here the charge-transport properties of guanine-rich RNA:DNA hybrids are compared to double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) duplexes with identical sequences. The conductance of the RNA:DNA hybrids is ∼10 times higher than the equivalent dsDNA, and conformational differences are determined to be the primary reason for this difference. The conductance of the RNA:DNA hybrids is also found to decrease more rapidly than dsDNA when the length is increased. Ab initio electronic structure and Green's function-based density of states calculations demonstrate that these differences arise because the energy levels are more spatially distributed in the RNA:DNA hybrid but that the number of accessible hopping sites is smaller. These combination results indicate that a simple hopping model that treats each individual guanine as a hopping site is insufficient to explain both a higher conductance and β value for RNA:DNA hybrids, and larger delocalization lengths must be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhui Li
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California Davis , Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Juan M Artés
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California Davis , Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Jianqing Qi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Ian A Morelan
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California Davis , Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Paul Feldstein
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California Davis , Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - M P Anantram
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Joshua Hihath
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California Davis , Davis, California 95616, United States
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30
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Abstract
An extremely important biological component, RNA:DNA can also be used to design nanoscale structures such as molecular wires. The conductance of single adenine-stacked RNA:DNA hybrids is rapidly and reproducibly measured using the break junction approach. The conductance decreases slightly over a large range of molecular lengths, suggesting that RNA:DNA can be used as an oligonucleotide wire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhui Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Juan M Artés
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Joshua Hihath
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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31
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Abstract
DNA is a promising molecule for applications in molecular electronics because of its unique electronic and self-assembly properties. Here we report that the conductance of DNA duplexes increases by approximately one order of magnitude when its conformation is changed from the B-form to the A-form. This large conductance increase is fully reversible, and by controlling the chemical environment, the conductance can be repeatedly switched between the two values. The conductance of the two conformations displays weak length dependencies, as is expected for guanine-rich sequences, and can be fit with a coherence-corrected hopping model. These results are supported by ab initio electronic structure calculations that indicate that the highest occupied molecular orbital is more disperse in the A-form DNA case. These results demonstrate that DNA can behave as a promising molecular switch for molecular electronics applications and also provide additional insights into the huge dispersion of DNA conductance values found in the literature. DNA could find a role in molecular electronics. Here, the authors show that the conductance of DNA can be reversibly changed by an order of magnitude when its conformation is changed from one form to another by controlling its chemical environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Manuel Artés
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, Califorina 95616, USA
| | - Yuanhui Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, Califorina 95616, USA
| | - Jianqing Qi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Washington, 185 Stevens Way, Seattle, Washington 98195-2500, USA
| | - M P Anantram
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Washington, 185 Stevens Way, Seattle, Washington 98195-2500, USA
| | - Joshua Hihath
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, Califorina 95616, USA
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McCold CE, Fu Q, Howe JY, Hihath J. Conductance based characterization of structure and hopping site density in 2D molecule-nanoparticle arrays. Nanoscale 2015; 7:14937-14945. [PMID: 26303001 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr04460j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Composite molecule-nanoparticle hybrid systems have recently emerged as important materials for applications ranging from chemical sensing to nanoscale electronics. However, creating reproducible and repeatable composite materials with precise properties has remained one of the primary challenges to the implementation of these technologies. Understanding the sources of variation that dominate the assembly and transport behavior is essential for the advancement of nanoparticle-array based devices. In this work, we use a combination of charge-transport measurements, electron microscopy, and optical characterization techniques to determine the role of morphology and structure on the charge transport properties of 2-dimensional monolayer arrays of molecularly-interlinked Au nanoparticles. Using these techniques we are able to determine the role of both assembly-dependent and particle-dependent defects on the conductivities of the films. These results demonstrate that assembly processes dominate the dispersion of conductance values, while nanoparticle and ligand features dictate the mean value of the conductance. By performing a systematic study of the conductance of these arrays as a function of nanoparticle size we are able to extract the carrier mobility for specific molecular ligands. We show that nanoparticle polydispersity correlates with the void density in the array, and that because of this correlation it is possible to accurately determine the void density within the array directly from conductance measurements. These results demonstrate that conductance-based measurements can be used to accurately and non-destructively determine the morphological and structural properties of these hybrid arrays, and thus provide a characterization platform that helps move 2-dimensional nanoparticle arrays toward robust and reproducible electronic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cliff E McCold
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Zhou JC, Feller B, Hinsberg B, Sethi G, Feldstein P, Hihath J, Seker E, Marco M, Knoesen A, Miller R. Immobilization-mediated reduction in melting temperatures of DNA–DNA and DNA–RNA hybrids: Immobilized DNA probe hybridization studied by SPR. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2015.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Rascón-Ramos H, Artés JM, Li Y, Hihath J. Binding configurations and intramolecular strain in single-molecule devices. Nat Mater 2015; 14:517-22. [PMID: 25686263 DOI: 10.1038/nmat4216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The development of molecular-scale electronic devices has made considerable progress over the past decade, and single-molecule transistors, diodes and wires have all been demonstrated. Despite this remarkable progress, the agreement between theoretically predicted conductance values and those measured experimentally remains limited. One of the primary reasons for these discrepancies lies in the difficulty to experimentally determine the contact geometry and binding configuration of a single-molecule junction. In this Article, we apply a small-amplitude, high-frequency, sinusoidal mechanical signal to a series of single-molecule devices during junction formation and breakdown. By measuring the current response at this frequency, it is possible to determine the most probable binding and contact configurations for the molecular junction at room temperature in solution, and to obtain information about how an applied strain is distributed within the molecular junction. These results provide insight into the complex configuration of single-molecule devices, and are in excellent agreement with previous predictions from theoretical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habid Rascón-Ramos
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Juan Manuel Artés
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Yuanhui Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Joshua Hihath
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
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Abstract
The methylation of cytosine bases in DNA commonly takes place in the human genome and its abnormality can be used as a biomarker in the diagnosis of genetic diseases. In this paper we explore the effects of cytosine methylation on the conductance of DNA. Although the methyl group is a small chemical modification, and has a van der Waals radius of only 2 Å, its presence significantly changes the duplex stability, and as such may also affect the conductance properties of DNA. To determine if charge transport through the DNA stack is sensitive to this important biological modification we perform multiple conductance measurements on a methylated DNA molecule with an alternating G:C sequence and its non-methylated counterpart. From these studies we find a measurable difference in the conductance between the two types of molecules, and demonstrate that this difference is statistically significant. The conductance values of these molecules are also compared with a similar sequence that has been previously studied to help elucidate the charge transport mechanisms involved in direct DNA conductance measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Hihath
- Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, The Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
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36
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Bruot C, Hihath J, Tao N. Mechanically controlled molecular orbital alignment in single molecule junctions. Nat Nanotechnol 2011; 7:35-40. [PMID: 22138861 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2011.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2011] [Accepted: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Research in molecular electronics often involves the demonstration of devices that are analogous to conventional semiconductor devices, such as transistors and diodes, but it is also possible to perform experiments that have no parallels in conventional electronics. For example, by applying a mechanical force to a molecule bridged between two electrodes, a device known as a molecular junction, it is possible to exploit the interplay between the electrical and mechanical properties of the molecule to control charge transport through the junction. 1,4'-Benzenedithiol is the most widely studied molecule in molecular electronics, and it was shown recently that the molecular orbitals can be gated by an applied electric field. Here, we report how the electromechanical properties of a 1,4'-benzenedithiol molecular junction change as the junction is stretched and compressed. Counterintuitively, the conductance increases by more than an order of magnitude during stretching, and then decreases again as the junction is compressed. Based on simultaneously recorded current-voltage and conductance-voltage characteristics, and inelastic electron tunnelling spectroscopy, we attribute this finding to a strain-induced shift of the highest occupied molecular orbital towards the Fermi level of the electrodes, leading to a resonant enhancement of the conductance. These results, which are in agreement with the predictions of theoretical models, also clarify the origins of the long-standing discrepancy between the calculated and measured conductance values of 1,4'-benzenedithiol, which often differ by orders of magnitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Bruot
- Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Biodesign Institute, School of Electrical, Energy and Computer Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-5801, USA
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37
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Guo S, Hihath J, Díez-Pérez I, Tao N. Measurement and Statistical Analysis of Single-Molecule Current–Voltage Characteristics, Transition Voltage Spectroscopy, and Tunneling Barrier Height. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:19189-97. [DOI: 10.1021/ja2076857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyin Guo
- Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Biodesign Institute, and Departments of Electrical Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Joshua Hihath
- Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Biodesign Institute, and Departments of Electrical Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Ismael Díez-Pérez
- Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Biodesign Institute, and Departments of Electrical Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Nongjian Tao
- Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Biodesign Institute, and Departments of Electrical Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
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38
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Hihath J, Bruot C, Nakamura H, Asai Y, Díez-Pérez I, Lee Y, Yu L, Tao N. Inelastic transport and low-bias rectification in a single-molecule diode. ACS Nano 2011; 5:8331-8339. [PMID: 21932824 DOI: 10.1021/nn2030644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Designing, controlling, and understanding rectification behavior in molecular-scale devices has been a goal of the molecular electronics community for many years. Here we study the transport behavior of a single molecule diode, and its nonrectifying, symmetric counterpart at low temperatures, and at both low and high biases to help elucidate the electron-phonon interactions and transport mechanisms in the rectifying system. We find that the onset of current rectification occurs at low biases, indicating a significant change in the elastic transport pathway. However, the peaks in the inelastic electron tunneling (IET) spectrum are antisymmetric about zero bias and show no significant changes in energy or intensity in the forward or reverse bias directions, indicating that despite the change in the elastic transmission probability there is little impact on the inelastic pathway. These results agree with first principles calculations performed to evaluate the IETS, which also allow us to identify which modes are active in the single molecule junction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Hihath
- The Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University School of Electrical, Energy and Computer Engineering, 1001 S. McAllister Avenue, Tempe, Arizona 85281-5801, United States
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39
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Diez-Perez I, Hihath J, Hines T, Wang ZS, Zhou G, Müllen K, Tao N. Controlling single-molecule conductance through lateral coupling of π orbitals. Nat Nanotechnol 2011; 6:226-231. [PMID: 21336268 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2011.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2010] [Accepted: 01/25/2011] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, various single-molecule electronic components have been demonstrated. However, it remains difficult to predict accurately the conductance of a single molecule and to control the lateral coupling between the π orbitals of the molecule and the orbitals of the electrodes attached to it. This lateral coupling is well known to cause broadening and shifting of the energy levels of the molecule; this, in turn, is expected to greatly modify the conductance of an electrode-molecule-electrode junction. Here, we demonstrate a new method, based on lateral coupling, to mechanically and reversibly control the conductance of a single-molecule junction by mechanically modulating the angle between a single pentaphenylene molecule bridged between two metal electrodes. Changing the angle of the molecule from a highly tilted state to an orientation nearly perpendicular to the electrodes changes the conductance by an order of magnitude, which is in qualitative agreement with theoretical models of molecular π-orbital coupling to a metal electrode. The lateral coupling is also directly measured by applying a fast mechanical perturbation in the horizontal plane, thus ruling out changes in the contact geometry or molecular conformation as the source for the conductance change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismael Diez-Perez
- Center for Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
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40
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Abstract
We report on a study of atomic-sized metallic contacts on a time scale of nanoseconds using a combined DC and AC circuit. The approach leads to a time resolution 3-4 orders of magnitude faster than the measurements carried out to date, making it possible to observe fast transient conductance-switching events associated with the breakdown, re-formation, and atomic scale structural rearrangements of the contact. The study bridges the wide gap in the time scales between the molecular dynamic simulations and real world experiments, and the method may be applied to study nano- and subnanosecond processes in other nanoscale devices, such as molecular junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyin Guo
- Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
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41
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Hines T, Diez-Perez I, Hihath J, Liu H, Wang ZS, Zhao J, Zhou G, Müllen K, Tao N. Transition from Tunneling to Hopping in Single Molecular Junctions by Measuring Length and Temperature Dependence. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:11658-64. [DOI: 10.1021/ja1040946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Hines
- Center for Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science (MOE), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China, Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China, and Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ismael Diez-Perez
- Center for Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science (MOE), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China, Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China, and Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Joshua Hihath
- Center for Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science (MOE), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China, Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China, and Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Hongmei Liu
- Center for Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science (MOE), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China, Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China, and Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Zhong-Sheng Wang
- Center for Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science (MOE), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China, Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China, and Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jianwei Zhao
- Center for Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science (MOE), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China, Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China, and Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Gang Zhou
- Center for Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science (MOE), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China, Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China, and Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Center for Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science (MOE), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China, Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China, and Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Nongjian Tao
- Center for Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science (MOE), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China, Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China, and Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
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42
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Abstract
We study the charge transport properties and electron-phonon interactions in single molecule junctions, each consisting of an octanedithiol molecule covalently bound to two electrodes. Conductance measurements over a wide temperature range establish tunneling as the dominant charge transport process. Inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy performed on individual molecular junctions provides a chemical signature of the molecule and allows electron-phonon interaction induced changes in the conductance to be explored. By fitting the conductance changes in the molecular junction using a simple model for inelastic transport, it is possible to estimate the phonon damping rates in the molecule. Finally, changes in the inelastic spectra are examined in relation to conductance switching events in the junction to demonstrate how changes in the configuration of the molecule or contact geometry can affect the conductance of the molecular junction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Hihath
- Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, the Biodesign Institute, and Department of Electrical Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-5801, USA
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43
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Diez-Perez I, Li Z, Hihath J, Li J, Zhang C, Yang X, Zang L, Dai Y, Feng X, Muellen K, Tao N. Gate-controlled electron transport in coronenes as a bottom-up approach towards graphene transistors. Nat Commun 2010; 1:31. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms1029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2010] [Accepted: 05/27/2010] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
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Díez-Pérez I, Hihath J, Lee Y, Yu L, Adamska L, Kozhushner MA, Oleynik II, Tao N. Rectification and stability of a single molecular diode with controlled orientation. Nat Chem 2009; 1:635-41. [PMID: 21378955 DOI: 10.1038/nchem.392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 301] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2009] [Accepted: 08/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In the molecular electronics field it is highly desirable to engineer the structure of molecules to achieve specific functions. In particular, diode (or rectification) behaviour in single molecules is an attractive device function. Here we study charge transport through symmetric tetraphenyl and non-symmetric diblock dipyrimidinyldiphenyl molecules covalently bound to two electrodes. The orientation of the diblock is controlled through a selective deprotection strategy, and a method in which the electrode-electrode distance is modulated unambiguously determines the current-voltage characteristics of the single-molecule device. The diblock molecule exhibits pronounced rectification behaviour compared with its homologous symmetric block, with current flowing from the dipyrimidinyl to the diphenyl moieties. This behaviour is interpreted in terms of localization of the wave function of the hole ground state at one end of the diblock under the applied field. At large forward current, the molecular diode becomes unstable and quantum point contacts between the electrodes form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismael Díez-Pérez
- Center for Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
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Abstract
A new device for measuring the conductance values of single-molecule junctions which are covalently bound to two electrodes is presented. The system works by repeatedly bringing two electrodes into and out of contact in a solution of molecules while measuring the current between the two electrodes during withdrawal. When molecules connect the two electrodes, steps occur in the current transient, and a statistical analysis provides the most probable conductance value for a single-molecule junction. This system provides an order of magnitude increase in speed over previous devices used for single-molecule conductance measurements, and the applicability of this tool is demonstrated in array based measurements as well as in biologically relevant samples where the conductances of single amino acid residues are measured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Hihath
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Center for Solid State Electronics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-5706, USA
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Hihath J, Arroyo CR, Rubio-Bollinger G, Tao N, Agraït N. Study of electron-phonon interactions in a single molecule covalently connected to two electrodes. Nano Lett 2008; 8:1673-1678. [PMID: 18457456 DOI: 10.1021/nl080580e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Presented here is a study of electron-phonon interactions in a single molecule junction where the molecule is covalently connected to two electrodes. In this system, vibration modes in a single molecule junction are measured by sweeping the bias voltage between the two electrodes and recording the differential conductance while the strain in the junction is changed by separating the two electrodes. This unique approach allows changes in conductance to be compared to changes in the configuration of a single molecule junction. This system opens a new door for characterizing single molecule junctions and a better understanding of the relationship between molecular conductance, electron-phonon interactions, and configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Hihath
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Center for Solid State Electronics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-5706, USA
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Abstract
We have studied electron transport through single redox molecules, perylene tetracarboxylic diimides, covalently bound to two gold electrodes via different linker groups, as a function of electrochemical gate voltage and temperature in different solvents. The conductance of these molecules is sensitive to the linker groups because of different electronic coupling strengths between the molecules and electrodes. The current through each of the molecules can be controlled reversibly over 2-3 orders of magnitude with the gate and reaches a peak near the redox potential of the molecules. The similarity in the gate effect of these molecules indicates that they share the same transport mechanism. The temperature dependence measurement indicates that the electron transport is a thermally activated process. Both the gate effect and temperature dependence can be qualitatively described by a two-step sequential electron-transfer process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiulan Li
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
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Abstract
What is the conductance of a single molecule? This basic and seemingly simple question has been a difficult one to answer for both experimentalists and theorists. To determine the conductance of a molecule, one must wire the molecule reliably to at least two electrodes. The conductance of the molecule thus depends not only on the intrinsic properties of the molecule, but also on the electrode materials. Furthermore, the conductance is sensitive to the atomic-level details of the molecule-electrode contact and the local environment of the molecule. Creating identical contact geometries has been a challenging experimental problem, and the lack of atomic-level structural information of the contacts makes it hard to compare calculations with measurements. Despite the difficulties, researchers have made substantial advances in recent years. This review provides an overview of the experimental advances, discusses the advantages and drawbacks of different techniques, and explores remaining issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Chen
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Center for Solid State Electronics Research, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
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Chen F, Li X, Hihath J, Huang Z, Tao N. Effect of Anchoring Groups on Single-Molecule Conductance: Comparative Study of Thiol-, Amine-, and Carboxylic-Acid-Terminated Molecules. J Am Chem Soc 2006; 128:15874-81. [PMID: 17147400 DOI: 10.1021/ja065864k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 446] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We studied the effect of anchoring groups on the conductance of single molecules using alkanes terminated with dithiol, diamine, and dicarboxylic-acid groups as a model system. We created a large number of molecular junctions mechanically and analyzed the statistical distributions of the conductance values of the molecular junctions. Multiple sets of conductance values were found in each case. The I-V characteristics, temperature independence, and exponential decay of the conductance with the molecular length all indicate tunneling as the conduction mechanism for these molecules. The prefactor of the exponential decay function, which reflects the contact resistance, is highly sensitive to the anchoring group, and the decay constant is weakly dependent on the anchoring group. These observations are attributed to different electronic couplings between the molecules and the electrodes and alignments of the molecular energy levels relative to the Fermi energy level of the electrodes introduced by different anchoring groups. For diamine and dicarboxylic-acid groups, the conductance values are sensitive to pH due to protonation and deprotonation of the anchoring groups. Further insight into the binding strengths of these anchoring groups to gold electrodes is obtained by statistically analyzing the stretching length of molecular junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Chen
- Department of Electrical Engineering & Center for Solid State Electronics Research, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
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Li X, He J, Hihath J, Xu B, Lindsay SM, Tao N. Conductance of Single Alkanedithiols: Conduction Mechanism and Effect of Molecule−Electrode Contacts. J Am Chem Soc 2006; 128:2135-41. [PMID: 16464116 DOI: 10.1021/ja057316x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 320] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The conductance of single alkanedithiols covalently bound to gold electrodes has been studied by statistical analysis of repeatedly created molecular junctions. For each molecule, the conductance histogram reveals two sets of well-defined peaks, corresponding to two different conductance values. We have found that (1) both conductance values decrease exponentially with the molecular length with an identical decay constant, beta approximately equal to 0.84 A(-1), but with a factor of 5 difference in the prefactor of the exponential function. (2) The current-voltage curves of the two sets can be fit with the Simmons tunneling model. (3) Both conductance values are independent of temperature (between -5 and 60 degrees C) and the solvent. (4) Despite the difference in the conductance, the forces required to break the molecular junctions are the same, 1.5 nN. These observations lead us to believe that the conduction mechanism in alkanedithiols is due to electron tunneling or superexchange via the bonds along the molecules, and the two sets of conductance peaks are due to two different microscopic configurations of the molecule-electrode contacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiulan Li
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Center for Solid State Electronic Research, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
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