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Hagemann JR, Lamy F, Arz HW, Lembke-Jene L, Auderset A, Harada N, Ho SL, Iwasaki S, Kaiser J, Lange CB, Murayama M, Nagashima K, Nowaczyk N, Martínez-García A, Tiedemann R. A marine record of Patagonian ice sheet changes over the past 140,000 years. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2302983121. [PMID: 38437529 PMCID: PMC10962970 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2302983121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Terrestrial glacial records from the Patagonian Andes and New Zealand Alps document quasi-synchronous Southern Hemisphere-wide glacier advances during the late Quaternary. However, these records are inherently incomplete. Here, we provide a continuous marine record of western-central Patagonian ice sheet (PIS) extent over a complete glacial-interglacial cycle back into the penultimate glacial (~140 ka). Sediment core MR16-09 PC03, located at 46°S and ~150 km offshore Chile, received high terrestrial sediment and meltwater input when the central PIS extended westward. We use biomarkers, foraminiferal oxygen isotopes, and major elemental data to reconstruct terrestrial sediment and freshwater input related to PIS variations. Our sediment record documents three intervals of general PIS marginal fluctuations, during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 6 (140 to 135 ka), MIS 4 (~70 to 60 ka), and late MIS 3 to MIS 2 (~40 to 18 ka). These higher terrigenous input intervals occurred during sea-level low stands, when the western PIS covered most of the Chilean fjords, which today retain glaciofluvial sediments. During these intervals, high-amplitude phases of enhanced sediment supply occur at millennial timescales, reflecting increased ice discharge most likely due to a growing PIS. We assign the late MIS 3 to MIS 2 phases and, by inference, older advances to Antarctic cold stages. We conclude that the increased sediment/meltwater release during Southern Hemisphere millennial-scale cold phases was likely related to higher precipitation caused by enhanced westerly winds at the northwestern margin of the PIS. Our records complement terrestrial archives and provide evidence for PIS climate sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia R. Hagemann
- Division of Geoscience, Marine Geology Section, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven27570, Germany
- Department of Climate Geochemistry, Organic Isotope Geochemistry Group, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz55128, Germany
| | - Frank Lamy
- Division of Geoscience, Marine Geology Section, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven27570, Germany
- Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen28359, Germany
| | - Helge W. Arz
- Department of Marine Geology, Paleoceanography and Sedimentology Group, Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde, Rostock18119, Germany
| | - Lester Lembke-Jene
- Division of Geoscience, Marine Geology Section, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven27570, Germany
| | - Alexandra Auderset
- Department of Climate Geochemistry, Organic Isotope Geochemistry Group, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz55128, Germany
- School of Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, SouthamptonSO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Naomi Harada
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, Center for International and Local Research Cooperation, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa277-8564, Japan
- Research Institute for Global Change, Earth Surface System Research Center, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokosuka237-0061, Japan
| | - Sze Ling Ho
- Institute of Oceanography, National Taiwan University, Taipei10617, Taiwan
| | - Shinya Iwasaki
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo060-0810, Japan
| | - Jérôme Kaiser
- Department of Marine Geology, Paleoceanography and Sedimentology Group, Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde, Rostock18119, Germany
| | - Carina B. Lange
- Departamento de Oceanografía & Centro de Investigación Oceanográfica en el Pacífico Suroriental (Coastal), Universidad de Concepción, Concepción4030000, Chile
- Centro de Investigación Dinámica de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes, Universidad Austral de Chile,Valdivia5110566, Chile
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA92037, United States
| | - Masafumi Murayama
- Faculty of Agriculture and Marine Science, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi783-8502, Japan
- Center for Advanced Marine Core Research, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi783-8502, Japan
| | - Kana Nagashima
- Research Institute for Global Change, Earth Surface System Research Center, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokosuka237-0061, Japan
| | - Norbert Nowaczyk
- Department of Geosystems, Section of Climate Dynamics and Landscape Evolution, Helmholtz Centre Potsdam German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam14473, Germany
| | - Alfredo Martínez-García
- Department of Climate Geochemistry, Organic Isotope Geochemistry Group, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz55128, Germany
| | - Ralf Tiedemann
- Division of Geoscience, Marine Geology Section, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven27570, Germany
- Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen28359, Germany
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Vanderstraeten A, Mattielli N, Laruelle GG, Gili S, Bory A, Gabrielli P, Boxho S, Tison JL, Bonneville S. Identifying the provenance and quantifying the contribution of dust sources in EPICA Dronning Maud Land ice core (Antarctica) over the last deglaciation (7-27 kyr BP): A high-resolution, quantitative record from a new Rare Earth Element mixing model. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 881:163450. [PMID: 37061058 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Antarctic ice cores have revealed the interplay between dust and climate in the Southern Hemisphere. Yet, so far, no continuous record of dust provenance has been established through the last deglaciation. Here, using a new database of 207 Rare Earth Element (REE) patterns measured in dust and sediments/soils from well-known potential source areas (PSA) of the Southern Hemisphere, we developed a statistical model combining those inputs to provide the best fit to the REE patterns measured in EPICA Dronning Maud Land (EDML) ice core (E. Antarctica). Out of 398 samples measured in the EDML core, 386 samples have been un-mixed with statistical significance. Combined with the total atmospheric deposition, we quantified the dust flux from each PSA to EDML between 7 and 27 kyr BP. Our results reveal that the dust composition was relatively uniform up until 14.5 kyr BP despite a large drop in atmospheric deposition at ∼18 kyr with a large contribution from Patagonia yielding ∼68 % of total dust deposition. The remaining dust was supplied from Australia (14-15 %), Southern Africa (∼9 %), New Zealand (∼3-4 %) and Puna-Altiplano (∼2-3 %). The most striking change occurred ∼14.5 kyr BP when Patagonia dropped below 50 % on average while low-latitude PSA increased their contributions to 21-23 % for Southern Africa, 13-21 % for Australia and ∼ 4-10 % for Puna-Altiplano. We argue that this shift is linked to long-lasting changes in the hydrology of Patagonian rivers and to sudden acceleration of the submersion of Patagonian shelf at 14.5 kyr BP, highlighting a relationship between dust composition and eustatic sea level. Early Holocene dust composition is highly variable, with Patagonian contribution being still prevalent, at ∼50 % on average. Provided a good coverage of local and distal PSA, our statistical model based on REE pattern offers a straightforward and cost-effective method to trace dust source in ice cores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aubry Vanderstraeten
- Laboratoire G-Time, Département Géosciences, Environnement et Société (DGES), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Av. F. Roosevelt, 50 (CP 160/02), Brussels 1050, Belgium; Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences UMR 8187-LOG, Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, IRD, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Nadine Mattielli
- Laboratoire G-Time, Département Géosciences, Environnement et Société (DGES), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Av. F. Roosevelt, 50 (CP 160/02), Brussels 1050, Belgium
| | - Goulven G Laruelle
- Biogéochimie et Modélisation du Système Terre, Département Géosciences, Environnement et Société (DGES), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels 1050, Belgium
| | - Stefania Gili
- Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States of America
| | - Aloys Bory
- Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences UMR 8187-LOG, Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, IRD, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Paolo Gabrielli
- Italian Glaciological Committee, c/o University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Sibylle Boxho
- Laboratoire G-Time, Département Géosciences, Environnement et Société (DGES), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Av. F. Roosevelt, 50 (CP 160/02), Brussels 1050, Belgium
| | - Jean-Louis Tison
- Laboratoire de Glaciologie, Département Géosciences, Environnement et Société (DGES), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Av. F. Roosevelt, 50 (CP 160/02), Brussels 1050, Belgium
| | - Steeve Bonneville
- Biogéochimie et Modélisation du Système Terre, Département Géosciences, Environnement et Société (DGES), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels 1050, Belgium.
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Spatial Variability in Years of Abrupt Seasonal Temperature Changes and Warming (Cooling) Hiatuses in China from 1951–2018 and the Variation Trends before and after These Years. ATMOSPHERE 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos11010082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abrupt temperature changes and warming (cooling) hiatuses have an impact on the ecological environment. Currently, research findings for the spatial variability in the years of abrupt temperature changes and warming (cooling) hiatuses covering a variety of climate zones, as well as the variation trends before and after these years, are lacking. In the present study, based on the seasonal (monthly) average minimum temperatures, average temperatures, and average maximum temperature data from 622 Chinese meteorological stations during 1951–2018, the spatial variability in the years of abrupt seasonal changes and warming (cooling) hiatuses for these three temperature types in China, as well as the variation trends before and after these years, were analyzed using the Mann-Kendall test. The results are as follows. For most stations in China, the abrupt changes in the three temperature types during each season began to occur over a wide range in the late 1980s and early 1990s, and abrupt changes did not occur at a few stations concentrated south of 30° N. After an abrupt change occurred, the average minimum temperatures and average temperatures both showed significant upward trends, while the average maximum temperatures showed significant downward trends in some regions of southern China. After five to 15 years of temperature increases (decreases) following the abrupt changes, warming (cooling) hiatuses occurred in some areas of China, with the hiatus years occurring between 1989 and 2013. These hiatuses mainly occurred in 1998 and 2007, and in terms of proximity, the stations without warming (cooling) hiatuses were concentrated south of 40° N. After nine to 17 years of warming (cooling) hiatuses, the hiatuses ended at some stations between 2013 and 2017, after which the temperatures again increased rapidly. The periods of warming (cooling) hiatuses were longer in northern China than in southern China. Currently, there are some stations where the hiatuses have not ended, suggesting that the hiatus period is apparently longer than 17 years. The years of abrupt change, no abrupt change, hiatus, no hiatus, end of hiatus, and no end of hiatus, as well as their variation trends before and after these years, have shown strong spatial variability. The results of this study have enriched the research findings on climate change.
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Iglesias V, Haberle SG, Holz A, Whitlock C. Holocene Dynamics of Temperate Rainforests in West-Central Patagonia. Front Ecol Evol 2018. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2017.00177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Canales-Aguirre CB, Ferrada-Fuentes S, Galleguillos R, Oyarzun FX, Buratti CC, Hernández CE. High genetic diversity and low-population differentiation in the Patagonian sprat (Sprattus fuegensis) based on mitochondrial DNA. Mitochondrial DNA A DNA Mapp Seq Anal 2018; 29:1148-1155. [PMID: 29334843 DOI: 10.1080/24701394.2018.1424841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The Patagonian sprat, Sprattus fuegensis, is a small pelagic marine fish that inhabits the continental shelf along the coasts of Chilean Patagonian and Argentina, a distribution that was highly impacted during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). In order to identify how the LGM played a role on the current observed genetic diversity and population structure of S. fuegensis, we analyzed 1438 nucleotide positions from the control region of 335 individuals collected at 12 sites across its distribution. Genetic diversity and differentiation indices were calculated to identify population structure, and a Bayesian skyride plot (BSRP) reconstruction was carried out to infer the historic population dynamics. Extremely high genetic diversity was found at all locations analyzed, non-population structure was found across its distribution, and the BSRP showed two increases in effective population size over time. Our outcomes suggest that the current genetic diversity, population structure and population expansion may have occurred during the medium and late Pleistocene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian B Canales-Aguirre
- a Centro i ∼ mar , Universidad de Los Lagos , Puerto Montt , Chile.,b Núcleo Milenio INVASAL , Universidad de Concepcion , Concepción , Chile
| | - Sandra Ferrada-Fuentes
- c Laboratorio de Genética y Acuicultura, Departamento de Oceanografía , Universidad de Concepción , Concepción , Chile
| | - Ricardo Galleguillos
- c Laboratorio de Genética y Acuicultura, Departamento de Oceanografía , Universidad de Concepción , Concepción , Chile
| | - Fernanda X Oyarzun
- a Centro i ∼ mar , Universidad de Los Lagos , Puerto Montt , Chile.,d Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Ambientes Sustentables (CIBAS), Facultad de Ciencias , Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción , Concepción , Chile
| | - Claudio C Buratti
- e Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo Pesquero (INIDEP) , Mar del Plata , Argentina
| | - Cristián E Hernández
- f Laboratorio de Ecología Evolutiva y Filoinformática, Departamento de Zoología , Universidad de Concepción , Concepción , Chile
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6
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Pérez F, Hinojosa LF, Peralta G, Montenegro P, Irarrázabal C, Cossio M. Genetic Patterns of Myrceugenia correifolia, a Rare Species of Fog-Dependent Forests of Mediterranean Chile: Is It a Climatic Relict? FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1097. [PMID: 28729869 PMCID: PMC5498513 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Rare species frequently occur in areas with microclimatic conditions that are atypical for their regions, but that were more common in the past, and that probably have operated as climatic refugia for a long time. Myrceugenia correifolia is a rare arboreal species that grows in deep canyons and hilltops of the Coast Range of north-central Chile between 30° and 35°S. In the northern edge of its distribution M. correifolia grows in small patches of fog-dependent forest surrounding by xeric vegetation. These forest formations are thought to be remnants of an ancient and continuous rainforest that according to some authors became fragmented during aridization of the Neogene (Neogene relict) and to others during warm-dry cycles of the Pleistocene (glacial relicts). Here we asked whether the northernmost populations of M. correifolia are Neogene relicts, glacial relicts, or the result of a recent northward colonization. To answer this question we examined genetic diversity and population divergence of M. correifolia using microsatellite markers, tested various competing population history scenarios with an approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) method, and complemented these data with ecological niche modeling (ENM). We detected three genetic clusters with a distinctive latitudinal pattern (north, center, and south) and high levels of differentiation (FST = 0.36). Demographic inference supported an admixture event 31 kya between two populations that diverged from an ancient population 139 kya. The admixture time coincides with the beginning of a period of wet conditions in north-central Chile that extended from 33 to 19 kya and was preceded by dry and cold conditions. These results suggest that increased precipitation during glacial periods triggered northward expansion of the range of M. correifolia, with subsequent admixture between populations that remained separated during interglacial periods. Accordingly, ENM models showed that suitable habitats for M. correifolia in north-central Chile were larger and less fragmented during the Last Glacial Maximum than at present, suggesting that northernmost populations of this species are glacial relicts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Pérez
- Departamento de Ecología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiago, Chile
- Institute of Ecology and BiodiversitySantiago, Chile
| | - Luis F. Hinojosa
- Institute of Ecology and BiodiversitySantiago, Chile
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Universidad de ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Gioconda Peralta
- Departamento de Ecología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Paz Montenegro
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Universidad de ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Carla Irarrázabal
- Departamento de Ecología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Michel Cossio
- Departamento de Ecología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiago, Chile
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Metcalf JL, Turney C, Barnett R, Martin F, Bray SC, Vilstrup JT, Orlando L, Salas-Gismondi R, Loponte D, Medina M, De Nigris M, Civalero T, Fernández PM, Gasco A, Duran V, Seymour KL, Otaola C, Gil A, Paunero R, Prevosti FJ, Bradshaw CJA, Wheeler JC, Borrero L, Austin JJ, Cooper A. Synergistic roles of climate warming and human occupation in Patagonian megafaunal extinctions during the Last Deglaciation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2016; 2:e1501682. [PMID: 27386563 PMCID: PMC4928889 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1501682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The causes of Late Pleistocene megafaunal extinctions (60,000 to 11,650 years ago, hereafter 60 to 11.65 ka) remain contentious, with major phases coinciding with both human arrival and climate change around the world. The Americas provide a unique opportunity to disentangle these factors as human colonization took place over a narrow time frame (~15 to 14.6 ka) but during contrasting temperature trends across each continent. Unfortunately, limited data sets in South America have so far precluded detailed comparison. We analyze genetic and radiocarbon data from 89 and 71 Patagonian megafaunal bones, respectively, more than doubling the high-quality Pleistocene megafaunal radiocarbon data sets from the region. We identify a narrow megafaunal extinction phase 12,280 ± 110 years ago, some 1 to 3 thousand years after initial human presence in the area. Although humans arrived immediately prior to a cold phase, the Antarctic Cold Reversal stadial, megafaunal extinctions did not occur until the stadial finished and the subsequent warming phase commenced some 1 to 3 thousand years later. The increased resolution provided by the Patagonian material reveals that the sequence of climate and extinction events in North and South America were temporally inverted, but in both cases, megafaunal extinctions did not occur until human presence and climate warming coincided. Overall, metapopulation processes involving subpopulation connectivity on a continental scale appear to have been critical for megafaunal species survival of both climate change and human impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L. Metcalf
- Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Ramaley Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309–0334, USA
| | - Chris Turney
- Climate Change Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ross Barnett
- Henry Wellcome Ancient Biomolecules Centre, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK
- Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5–7, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Fabiana Martin
- Centro de Estudios del Hombre Austral, Instituto de la Patagonia, UMAG, Avenida Bulnes 01890, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Sarah C. Bray
- Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
- Acute Leukaemia Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia, Adelaide South Australia 5001, Australia
| | - Julia T. Vilstrup
- Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5–7, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ludovic Orlando
- Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5–7, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rodolfo Salas-Gismondi
- Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Montpellier 34095, France
- Departamento de Paleontologia de Vertebrados, Museo de Historia Natural, UNMSM, Avenida Arenales 1256, Lima 14, Peru
| | - Daniel Loponte
- Instituto Nacional de Antropología y Pensamiento Latinoamericano, C1426BJN Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Matías Medina
- Área de Arqueología y Etnohistoria, Centro de Estudios Históricos “Prof. Carlos S.A. Segreti,” Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Miguel C. del Corro 308, Córdoba (5000), Argentina
| | - Mariana De Nigris
- Instituto Nacional de Antropología y Pensamiento Latinoamericano (INAPL), CONICET/UBA, 3 de Febrero 1370, C1426BJN Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Teresa Civalero
- Instituto Nacional de Antropología y Pensamiento Latinoamericano (INAPL), CONICET/UBA, 3 de Febrero 1370, C1426BJN Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo Marcelo Fernández
- Instituto Nacional de Antropología y Pensamiento Latinoamericano (INAPL), CONICET/UBA, 3 de Febrero 1370, C1426BJN Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandra Gasco
- CONICET, Laboratorio de Paleoecología Humana, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Victor Duran
- CONICET, Laboratorio de Paleoecología Humana, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Kevin L. Seymour
- Department of Natural History, Royal Ontario Museum, 100 Queen’s Park, Toronto, Ontario M5S 2C6, Canada
| | - Clara Otaola
- CONICET-IANGLA Grupo Vincualdo San Rafael/ UTN-MHNSR, Parque Mariano Moreno (5600), San Rafael, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Adolfo Gil
- CONICET-IANGLA Grupo Vincualdo San Rafael/ UTN-MHNSR, Parque Mariano Moreno (5600), San Rafael, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Rafael Paunero
- Departamento Científico de Arqueología. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, UNLP, Avenida Paseo del Bosque s/n (1900), La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Francisco J. Prevosti
- Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia Tecnológica de La Rioja (CRILAR), Provincia de La Rioja, UNLaR, SEGEMAR, UNCa, CONICET, Entre Ríos y Mendoza s/n, (5301), Anillaco, La Rioja, Argentina
| | - Corey J. A. Bradshaw
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Jane C. Wheeler
- CONOPA, Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo de Camélidos Sudamericanos, Lima, Peru
| | - Luis Borrero
- CONICET-IMHICIHU, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Saavedra 15, 5 (1083 ACA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jeremy J. Austin
- Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Alan Cooper
- Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
- Henry Wellcome Ancient Biomolecules Centre, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK
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Glasser NF, Jansson KN, Duller GAT, Singarayer J, Holloway M, Harrison S. Glacial lake drainage in Patagonia (13-8 kyr) and response of the adjacent Pacific Ocean. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21064. [PMID: 26869235 PMCID: PMC4751529 DOI: 10.1038/srep21064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Large freshwater lakes formed in North America and Europe during deglaciation following the Last Glacial Maximum. Rapid drainage of these lakes into the Oceans resulted in abrupt perturbations in climate, including the Younger Dryas and 8.2 kyr cooling events. In the mid-latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere major glacial lakes also formed and drained during deglaciation but little is known about the magnitude, organization and timing of these drainage events and their effect on regional climate. We use 16 new single-grain optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dates to define three stages of rapid glacial lake drainage in the Lago General Carrera/Lago Buenos Aires and Lago Cohrane/Pueyrredón basins of Patagonia and provide the first assessment of the effects of lake drainage on the Pacific Ocean. Lake drainage occurred between 13 and 8 kyr ago and was initially gradual eastward into the Atlantic, then subsequently reorganized westward into the Pacific as new drainage routes opened up during Patagonian Ice Sheet deglaciation. Coupled ocean-atmosphere model experiments using HadCM3 with an imposed freshwater surface “hosing” to simulate glacial lake drainage suggest that a negative salinity anomaly was advected south around Cape Horn, resulting in brief but significant impacts on coastal ocean vertical mixing and regional climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil F Glasser
- Department of Geography and Earth Sciences, Aberystwyth University, SY23 3DB, Wales, UK
| | - Krister N Jansson
- Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Geoffrey A T Duller
- Department of Geography and Earth Sciences, Aberystwyth University, SY23 3DB, Wales, UK
| | - Joy Singarayer
- Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Earley Gate, PO Box 243, Reading, RG6 6BB, UK
| | - Max Holloway
- British Antarctic Survey, Madingley Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stephan Harrison
- College of Life &Environmental Science, Exeter University TR10 9EZ, Cornwall, UK
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9
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Lamy F, Arz HW, Kilian R, Lange CB, Lembke-Jene L, Wengler M, Kaiser J, Baeza-Urrea O, Hall IR, Harada N, Tiedemann R. Glacial reduction and millennial-scale variations in Drake Passage throughflow. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:13496-501. [PMID: 26417070 PMCID: PMC4640728 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1509203112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Drake Passage (DP) is the major geographic constriction for the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) and exerts a strong control on the exchange of physical, chemical, and biological properties between the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Ocean basins. Resolving changes in the flow of circumpolar water masses through this gateway is, therefore, crucial for advancing our understanding of the Southern Ocean's role in global ocean and climate variability. Here, we reconstruct changes in DP throughflow dynamics over the past 65,000 y based on grain size and geochemical properties of sediment records from the southernmost continental margin of South America. Combined with published sediment records from the Scotia Sea, we argue for a considerable total reduction of DP transport and reveal an up to ∼ 40% decrease in flow speed along the northernmost ACC pathway entering the DP during glacial times. Superimposed on this long-term decrease are high-amplitude, millennial-scale variations, which parallel Southern Ocean and Antarctic temperature patterns. The glacial intervals of strong weakening of the ACC entering the DP imply an enhanced export of northern ACC surface and intermediate waters into the South Pacific Gyre and reduced Pacific-Atlantic exchange through the DP ("cold water route"). We conclude that changes in DP throughflow play a critical role for the global meridional overturning circulation and interbasin exchange in the Southern Ocean, most likely regulated by variations in the westerly wind field and changes in Antarctic sea ice extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Lamy
- Marine Geology Section, Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany;
| | - Helge W Arz
- Department of Marine Geology, Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research, 18119 Rostock-Warnemünde, Germany
| | - Rolf Kilian
- Geologie, Fachbereich Raum- und Umweltwissenschaften, Universität Trier, 54286 Trier, Germany; Instituto de la Patagonia, Universidad de Magallanes, 6200000 Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Carina B Lange
- Department of Oceanography and Center for Oceanographic Research in the Eastern South Pacific (COPAS), COPAS Sur-Austral Program, University of Concepción, 4030000 Concepción, Chile
| | - Lester Lembke-Jene
- Marine Geology Section, Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Marc Wengler
- Marine Geology Section, Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Jérôme Kaiser
- Department of Marine Geology, Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research, 18119 Rostock-Warnemünde, Germany
| | - Oscar Baeza-Urrea
- Geologie, Fachbereich Raum- und Umweltwissenschaften, Universität Trier, 54286 Trier, Germany
| | - Ian R Hall
- School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Naomi Harada
- Research and Development Center for Global Change, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan
| | - Ralf Tiedemann
- Marine Geology Section, Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
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10
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Obliquity Control On Southern Hemisphere Climate During The Last Glacial. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11673. [PMID: 26115344 PMCID: PMC4650511 DOI: 10.1038/srep11673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent paleoclimate reconstructions have challenged the traditional view that Northern Hemisphere insolation and associated feedbacks drove synchronous global climate and ice-sheet volume during the last glacial cycle. Here we focus on the response of the Patagonian Ice Sheet, and demonstrate that its maximum expansion culminated at 28,400 ± 500 years before present (28.4 ± 0.5 ka), more than 5,000 years before the minima in 65°N summer insolation and the formally-defined Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) at 21,000 ± 2,000 years before present. To investigate the potential drivers of this early LGM (eLGM), we simulate the effects of orbital changes using a suite of climate models incorporating prescribed and evolving sea-ice anomalies. Our analyses suggest that Antarctic sea-ice expansion at 28.5 ka altered the location and intensity of the Southern Hemisphere storm track, triggering regional cooling over Patagonia of 5°C that extends across the wider mid-southern latitudes. In contrast, at the LGM, continued sea-ice expansion reduced regional temperature and precipitation further, effectively starving the ice sheet and resulting in reduced glacial expansion. Our findings highlight the dominant role that orbital changes can play in driving Southern Hemisphere glacial climate via the sensitivity of mid-latitude regions to changes in Antarctic sea-ice extent.
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11
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Zhang X, Lohmann G, Knorr G, Purcell C. Abrupt glacial climate shifts controlled by ice sheet changes. Nature 2014; 512:290-4. [DOI: 10.1038/nature13592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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12
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Rapid thinning of the Late Pleistocene Patagonian Ice Sheet followed migration of the Southern Westerlies. Sci Rep 2013; 3:2118. [PMID: 23817136 PMCID: PMC3698495 DOI: 10.1038/srep02118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we present the first reconstruction of vertical ice-sheet profile changes from any of the Southern Hemisphere's mid-latitude Pleistocene ice sheets. We use cosmogenic radio-nuclide (CRN) exposure analysis to record the decay of the former Patagonian Ice Sheet (PIS) from the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and into the late glacial. Our samples, from mountains along an east-west transect to the east of the present North Patagonian Icefield (NPI), serve as ‘dipsticks' that allow us to reconstruct past changes in ice-sheet thickness, and demonstrates that the former PIS remained extensive and close to its LGM extent in this region until ~19.0 ka. After this time rapid ice-sheet thinning, initiated at ~18.1 ka, saw ice at or near its present dimension by 15.5 ka. We argue this rapid thinning was triggered by a combination of the rapid southward migration of the precipitation bearing Southern Hemisphere (SH) westerlies and regional warming.
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13
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Sylvestre F. Moisture Pattern During the Last Glacial Maximum in South America. PAST CLIMATE VARIABILITY IN SOUTH AMERICA AND SURROUNDING REGIONS 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/978-90-481-2672-9_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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14
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Ackert RP, Becker RA, Singer BS, Kurz MD, Caffee MW, Mickelson DM. Patagonian Glacier Response During the Late Glacial–Holocene Transition. Science 2008; 321:392-5. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1157215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert P. Ackert
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Harvard University, 20 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1215 West Dayton Street, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Clark 419, MS #25, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
- Purdue Rare Isotope Measurement Laboratory, Purdue University, 525 Northwestern Avenue, West Lafayette, IN 47907–2036, USA
| | - Richard A. Becker
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Harvard University, 20 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1215 West Dayton Street, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Clark 419, MS #25, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
- Purdue Rare Isotope Measurement Laboratory, Purdue University, 525 Northwestern Avenue, West Lafayette, IN 47907–2036, USA
| | - Brad S. Singer
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Harvard University, 20 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1215 West Dayton Street, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Clark 419, MS #25, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
- Purdue Rare Isotope Measurement Laboratory, Purdue University, 525 Northwestern Avenue, West Lafayette, IN 47907–2036, USA
| | - Mark D. Kurz
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Harvard University, 20 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1215 West Dayton Street, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Clark 419, MS #25, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
- Purdue Rare Isotope Measurement Laboratory, Purdue University, 525 Northwestern Avenue, West Lafayette, IN 47907–2036, USA
| | - Marc W. Caffee
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Harvard University, 20 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1215 West Dayton Street, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Clark 419, MS #25, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
- Purdue Rare Isotope Measurement Laboratory, Purdue University, 525 Northwestern Avenue, West Lafayette, IN 47907–2036, USA
| | - David M. Mickelson
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Harvard University, 20 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1215 West Dayton Street, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Clark 419, MS #25, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
- Purdue Rare Isotope Measurement Laboratory, Purdue University, 525 Northwestern Avenue, West Lafayette, IN 47907–2036, USA
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Ruzzante DE, Walde SJ, Gosse JC, Cussac VE, Habit E, Zemlak TS, Adams EDM. Climate control on ancestral population dynamics: insight from Patagonian fish phylogeography. Mol Ecol 2008; 17:2234-44. [PMID: 18363661 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2008.03738.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Changes in lake and stream habitats during the growth and retreat of Pleistocene glaciers repeatedly altered the spatial distributions and population sizes of the aquatic fauna of the southern Andes. Here, we use variation in mtDNA control region sequences to infer the temporal dynamics of two species of southern Andean fish during the past few million years. At least five important climate events were associated with major demographic changes: (i) the widespread glaciations of the mid-Pliocene (c. 3.5 Ma); (ii) the largest Patagonian glaciation (1.1 Ma); (iii) the coldest Pleistocene glaciation as indicated by stacked marine delta(18)O (c. 0.7 Ma); (iv) the last southern Patagonian glaciation to reach the Atlantic coast (180 ka); and (v) the last glacial maximum (LGM, 23-25,000 years ago). The colder-water inhabitant, Galaxias platei, underwent a strong bottleneck during the LGM and its haplotype diversity coalesces c. 0.7 Ma. In contrast, the more warm-adapted and widely distributed Percichthys trucha showed continuous growth through the last two glacial cycles but went through an important bottleneck c. 180,000 years ago, at which time populations east of the Andes may have been eliminated. Haplotype diversity of the most divergent P. trucha populations, found west of the Andes, coalesces c. 3.2 Ma. The demographic timelines obtained for the two species thus illustrate the continent-wide response of aquatic life in Patagonia to climate change during the Pleistocene, but also show how differing ecological traits and distributions led to distinctive responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E Ruzzante
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 4J1.
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16
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Knutz P. Chapter 24 Palaeoceanographic Significance of Contourite Drifts. DEVELOPMENTS IN SEDIMENTOLOGY 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s0070-4571(08)10024-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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17
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Barrows TT, Lehman SJ, Fifield LK, De Deckker P. Absence of Cooling in New Zealand and the Adjacent Ocean During the Younger Dryas Chronozone. Science 2007; 318:86-9. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1145873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy T. Barrows
- Department of Nuclear Physics, Research School of Physical Sciences and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
- Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research and Department of Geological Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- Department of Earth and Marine Sciences, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Scott J. Lehman
- Department of Nuclear Physics, Research School of Physical Sciences and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
- Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research and Department of Geological Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- Department of Earth and Marine Sciences, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - L. Keith Fifield
- Department of Nuclear Physics, Research School of Physical Sciences and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
- Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research and Department of Geological Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- Department of Earth and Marine Sciences, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Patrick De Deckker
- Department of Nuclear Physics, Research School of Physical Sciences and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
- Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research and Department of Geological Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- Department of Earth and Marine Sciences, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
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18
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Stoner JS, St-Onge G. Chapter Three Magnetic Stratigraphy in Paleoceanography: Reversals, Excursions, Paleointensity, and Secular Variation. DEVELOPMENTS IN MARINE GEOLOGY 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s1572-5480(07)01008-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Rothwell RG, Hoogakker B, Thomson J, Croudace IW, Frenz M. Turbidite emplacement on the southern Balearic Abyssal Plain (western Mediterranean Sea) during Marine Isotope Stages 1–3: an application of ITRAX XRF scanning of sediment cores to lithostratigraphic analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1144/gsl.sp.2006.267.01.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe upper part (0–20 m) of a long piston core from the SE Balearic Abyssal Plain — spanning the past 50 ka — has been studied using the ITRAX micro-XRF core scanner to obtain downcore elemental profiles. The Ca/Fe ratio was found to be an effective parameter to distinguish between turbidites and pelagites, because turbidites generally have higher Fe contents and lower Ca contents compared with pelagic intervals. Beds that were obscure when visually logged could be identified as turbidites or pelagites on their geochemical characteristics, allowing more complete subdivision of the sequence into genetic units. The ITRAX XRF data also provide useful information on textural grading, bioturbative mixing, identification of geochemically distinctive marker beds, indications of differences in provenance, and confirm or query the presence of early arrivals during turbidite emplacement. A chronostratigraphic framework for the core based on accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) radiocarbon dating and correlation with oxygen isotope stages of pelagic intervals in other cores (using calcium carbonate stratigraphy) was also established. This shows that turbidite emplacement on this part of the Balearic Abyssal Plain has been modulated strongly by climate and sea-level change, with turbidite emplacement most frequent during the early Holocene when the rate of post-glacial sea-level rise was greatest. Deposition of the coarsest (i.e. sand and silt-based) turbidites at the core site was restricted to the full and Late Glacial (11–25 ka). Turbidite emplacement during Oxygen Isotope Stage 3 was rare. Most of the turbidites at the site are distal, but some coarse-grained-based turbidites are characterized by higher Sr/Ca ratios (possibly indicating a higher aragonite content), higher Ca and lower Fe contents compared to other turbidites, and are interpreted as having a more proximal shelf source. Such turbidites are generally rare, however, and restricted to full Glacial and Younger Dryas time. There is little evidence for large-scale seismogenic turbidites (expected to be seen as randomly timed emplacement, seemingly independent of eustatic control) at the core site, despite proximity to the seismically active Algerian margin 100 km to the south. This suggests that seismogenic turbidites must largely bypass this part of the plain. Although the ITRAX core scanner provides a rapid and non-destructive means of characterizing downcore geochemical distributions in great detail, interpretation of the data requires caution and assessment from an informed standpoint. Analytical artefacts such as those caused by water or organic content, degree of compaction, grain-size and mineral effects, unevenness of the cut core surface and poor discrimination of closely spaced element XRF peaks need identification and elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Guy Rothwell
- National Oceanography Centre, Empress Dock
Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK
| | - Babette Hoogakker
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge
Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, UK
| | - John Thomson
- National Oceanography Centre, Empress Dock
Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK
| | - Ian W. Croudace
- National Oceanography Centre, Empress Dock
Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK
| | - Michael Frenz
- National Oceanography Centre, Empress Dock
Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK
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20
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Richter TO, van der Gaast S, Koster B, Vaars A, Gieles R, de Stigter HC, De Haas H, van Weering TCE. The Avaatech XRF Core Scanner: technical description and applications to NE Atlantic sediments. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1144/gsl.sp.2006.267.01.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AbstractX-ray fluorescence (XRF) core scanning provides rapid high-resolution (down to 1 mm) records of chemical composition on split sediment cores. The measurements are non-destructive and require very limited sample preparation. The new Avaatech XRF Core Scanner, operational since 2002, covers the atomic mass range from Al to U. Instrument parameters, especially tube voltage, can be adjusted to provide optimum settings for selected elements or sets thereof. Owing to the nature of the surface of split sediment cores, particularly effects resulting from sample inhomogeneity and surface roughness, results are semiquantitative, yet provide reliable records of the relative variability in elemental composition downcore. Selected case studies from diverse sedimentary settings in the NE Atlantic Ocean illustrate a range of applications of XRF logging data. These include preliminary stratigraphic interpretations (glacial-interglacial cycles), provenance studies of the terrigenous sediment fraction, lithological characterization, early diagenetic processes and distinction between carbonate phases (aragonite v. calcite).
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas O. Richter
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Geology, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ)
P.O. Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg, The Netherlands
| | - Sjerry van der Gaast
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Geology, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ)
P.O. Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg, The Netherlands
| | - Bob Koster
- Department of Marine Technology, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ)
P.O. Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg, The Netherlands
| | - Aad Vaars
- Avaatech Analytical X-Ray Technology
Wagenmakerstraat 11, 1791 EJ Den Burg, The Netherlands
| | - Rineke Gieles
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Geology, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ)
P.O. Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg, The Netherlands
| | - Henko C. de Stigter
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Geology, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ)
P.O. Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg, The Netherlands
| | - Henk De Haas
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Geology, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ)
P.O. Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg, The Netherlands
| | - Tjeerd C. E. van Weering
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Geology, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ)
P.O. Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg, The Netherlands
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Abstract
AbstractMarine sediment cores are the fundamental data source for information on seabed character, depositional history and environmental change. They provide raw data for a wide range of research including studies of global climate change, palaeoceanography, slope stability, oil exploration, pollution assessment and control, and sea-floor surveys for laying cables, pipelines and siting of sea-floor structures. During the last three decades, a varied suite of new technologies have been developed to analyse cores, often non-destructively, to produce high-quality, closely spaced, co-located downcore measurements, characterizing sediment physical properties, geochemistry and composition in unprecedented detail. Distributions of a variety of palaeoenvironmentally significant proxies can now be logged at decadal and, in some cases, even annual or subannual scales, allowing detailed insights into the history of climate and associated environmental change. These advances have had a profound effect on many aspects of the Earth Sciences, particularly palaeoceanography. In this paper, we review recent advances in analytical and logging technology, and their application to the analysis of sediment cores. Developments in providing access to core data and associated datasets, and data-mining technology, in order to integrate and interpret new and legacy datasets within the wider context of sea-floor studies, are also discussed. Despite the great advances in this field, however, challenges remain, particularly in the development of standard measurement and calibration methodologies and in the development of data analysis methods. New data visualization tools and techniques need to be developed to optimize the interpretation process and maximize scientific value. Amplified collaboration environments and tools are needed in order to capitalize on our analysis and interpretation capability of large, multi-parameter datasets. Sophisticated, yet simple to use, searchable Internet databases, with universal access and secure long-term funding, and data products resulting in user-defined data-mining query and display, so far pioneered in the USA and Australia, provide robust models for efficient and effective core data stewardship.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Guy Rothwell
- National Oceanography Centre, Empress Dock
Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK
| | - Frank R. Rack
- Joint Oceanographic Institutions
1201 New York Avenue, NW, Suite 400, Washington, DC 2005, USA
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Vandergoes MJ, Newnham RM, Preusser F, Hendy CH, Lowell TV, Fitzsimons SJ, Hogg AG, Kasper HU, Schlüchter C. Regional insolation forcing of late Quaternary climate change in the Southern Hemisphere. Nature 2005; 436:242-5. [PMID: 16015326 DOI: 10.1038/nature03826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2004] [Accepted: 05/13/2005] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In agreement with the Milankovitch orbital forcing hypothesis it is often assumed that glacial-interglacial climate transitions occurred synchronously in the Northern and Southern hemispheres of the Earth. It is difficult to test this assumption, because of the paucity of long, continuous climate records from the Southern Hemisphere that have not been dated by tuning them to the presumed Northern Hemisphere signals. Here we present an independently dated terrestrial pollen record from a peat bog on South Island, New Zealand, to investigate global and local factors in Southern Hemisphere climate changes during the last two glacial-interglacial cycles. Our record largely corroborates the Milankovitch model of orbital forcing but also exhibits some differences: in particular, an earlier onset and longer duration of the Last Glacial Maximum. Our results suggest that Southern Hemisphere insolation may have been responsible for these differences in timing. Our findings question the validity of applying orbital tuning to Southern Hemisphere records and suggest an alternative mechanism to the bipolar seesaw for generating interhemispheric asynchrony in climate change.
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23
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Shevenell AE, Kennett JP, Lea DW. Middle Miocene Southern Ocean cooling and Antarctic cryosphere expansion. Science 2004; 305:1766-70. [PMID: 15375266 DOI: 10.1126/science.1100061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Magnesium/calcium data from Southern Ocean planktonic foraminifera demonstrate that high-latitude (approximately 55 degrees S) southwest Pacific sea surface temperatures (SSTs) cooled 6 degrees to 7 degrees C during the middle Miocene climate transition (14.2 to 13.8 million years ago). Stepwise surface cooling is paced by eccentricity forcing and precedes Antarctic cryosphere expansion by approximately 60 thousand years, suggesting the involvement of additional feedbacks during this interval of inferred low-atmospheric partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2). Comparing SSTs and global carbon cycling proxies challenges the notion that episodic pCO2 drawdown drove this major Cenozoic climate transition. SST, salinity, and ice-volume trends suggest instead that orbitally paced ocean circulation changes altered meridional heat/vapor transport, triggering ice growth and global cooling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia E Shevenell
- Department of Geological Sciences and Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9630, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Lynch-Stieglitz
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
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