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Palaniswamy R, Kambale R, Mohanavel V, Rajagopalan VR, Manickam S, Muthurajan R. Identifying molecular targets for modulating carotenoid accumulation in rice grains. Biochem Biophys Rep 2024; 40:101815. [PMID: 39290348 PMCID: PMC11406064 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2024.101815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids are potential antioxidants offering extensive human health benefits including protection against chronic diseases. Augmenting the supply of health-benefiting compounds/metabolites through dietary supplements is the most sustainable way for a healthy life. Our study compares the traditional rice cultivar Kavuni and the white rice variety ASD 16. RNA-Seq analysis was carried out in the maturing panicles of Kavuni, which are enriched with antioxidants such as the therapeutic carotenoid lutein, polyphenols, and anthocyanins, along with "ASD 16", a popularly eaten white rice variety, to elucidate the molecular networks regulating accumulation of health benefiting compounds. Systematic analysis of transcriptome data identified preferential up-regulation of carotenoid precursors (OsDXS, OsGGPS) and key carotenoid biosynthetic genes (OsPSY1, OsZ-ISO) in the maturing grains of Kavuni. Our study also identified enhanced expression of OsLYC-E, OsCYP97A, and OsCYP97C transcripts involved in the alpha-carotenoid biosynthetic pathway and thereby leading to elevated lutein content in the grains of Kavuni. Kavuni grains showed preferential down-regulation of negative regulators of carotenoid metabolism viz., AP2 and HY5 and preferential up-regulation of positive modulators of carotenoid metabolism viz., Orange, OsDjB7, and OsSET29, thus creating a favorable molecular framework for carotenoid accumulation. Our study has unearthed valuable gene control points for precise manipulation of carotenoid profiles through CRISPR-based gene editing in rice grains. Perturbation of carotenoid biosynthesis holds unprecedented potential for the rapid development of the next generation of 'Golden rice'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakshana Palaniswamy
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rohit Kambale
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vignesh Mohanavel
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Veera Ranjani Rajagopalan
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sudha Manickam
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Raveendran Muthurajan
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Katral A, Hossain F, Zunjare RU, Mishra SJ, Ragi S, Kasana RK, Chhabra R, Thimmegowda V, Vasudev S, Kumar S, Bhat JS, Neeraja CN, Yadava DK, Muthusamy V. Enhancing kernel oil and tailoring fatty acid composition by genomics-assisted selection for dgat1-2 and fatb genes in multi-nutrient-rich maize: new avenue for food, feed and bioenergy. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 119:2402-2422. [PMID: 38990624 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Enhancing maize kernel oil is vital for improving the bioavailability of fat-soluble vitamins. Here, we combined favourable alleles of dgat1-2 and fatb into parental lines of four multi-nutrient-rich maize hybrids (APTQH1, APTQH4, APTQH5 and APTQH7) using marker-assisted selection (MAS). Parental lines possessed favourable alleles of crtRB1, lcyE, vte4 and opaque2 genes. Gene-specific markers enabled successful foreground selection in BC1F1, BC2F1 and BC2F2, while background selection using genome-wide microsatellite markers (127-132) achieved 93% recurrent parent genome recovery. Resulting inbreds exhibited significantly higher oil (6.93%) and oleic acid (OA, 40.49%) and lower palmitic acid (PA, 14.23%) compared to original inbreds with elevated provitamin A (11.77 ppm), vitamin E (16.01 ppm), lysine (0.331%) and tryptophan (0.085%). Oil content significantly increased from 4.80% in original hybrids to 6.73% in reconstituted hybrids, making them high-oil maize hybrids. These hybrids displayed 35.70% increment in oil content and 51.56% increase in OA with 36.32% reduction in PA compared to original hybrids, while maintaining higher provitamin A (two-fold), vitamin E (nine-fold), lysine (two-fold) and tryptophan (two-fold) compared to normal hybrids. Lipid health indices showed improved atherogenicity, thrombogenicity, cholesterolaemic, oxidability, peroxidizability and nutritive values in MAS-derived genotypes over original versions. Besides, the MAS-derived inbreds and hybrids exhibited comparable grain yield and phenotypic characteristics to the original versions. The maize hybrids developed in the study possessed high-yielding ability with high kernel oil and OA, low PA, better fatty acid health and nutritional properties, higher multi-vitamins and balanced amino acids, which hold immense significance to address malnutrition and rising demand for oil sustainably in a fast-track manner.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Firoz Hossain
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Subhra J Mishra
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Shridhar Ragi
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Rashmi Chhabra
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Sujata Vasudev
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Santosh Kumar
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Jharkhand, India
| | - Jayant S Bhat
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
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3
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Lorenzo CD, Blasco-Escámez D, Beauchet A, Wytynck P, Sanches M, Garcia Del Campo JR, Inzé D, Nelissen H. Maize mutant screens: from classical methods to new CRISPR-based approaches. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024. [PMID: 39212458 DOI: 10.1111/nph.20084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Mutations play a pivotal role in shaping the trajectory and outcomes of a species evolution and domestication. Maize (Zea mays) has been a major staple crop and model for genetic research for more than 100 yr. With the arrival of site-directed mutagenesis and genome editing (GE) driven by the Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR), maize mutational research is once again in the spotlight. If we combine the powerful physiological and genetic characteristics of maize with the already available and ever increasing toolbox of CRISPR-Cas, prospects for its future trait engineering are very promising. This review aimed to give an overview of the progression and learnings of maize screening studies analyzing forward genetics, natural variation and reverse genetics to focus on recent GE approaches. We will highlight how each strategy and resource has contributed to our understanding of maize natural and induced trait variability and how this information could be used to design the next generation of mutational screenings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Damian Lorenzo
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - David Blasco-Escámez
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Arthur Beauchet
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pieter Wytynck
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Matilde Sanches
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jose Rodrigo Garcia Del Campo
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dirk Inzé
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hilde Nelissen
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
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4
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Yin P, Fu X, Feng H, Yang Y, Xu J, Zhang X, Wang M, Ji S, Zhao B, Fang H, Du X, Li Y, Hu S, Li K, Xu S, Li Z, Liu F, Xiao Y, Wang Y, Li J, Yang X. Linkage and association mapping in multi-parental populations reveal the genetic basis of carotenoid variation in maize kernels. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2024; 22:2312-2326. [PMID: 38548388 PMCID: PMC11258976 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Carotenoids are indispensable to plants and critical components of the human diet. The carotenoid metabolic pathway is conserved across plant species, but our understanding of the genetic basis of carotenoid variation remains limited for the seeds of most cereal crops. To address this issue, we systematically performed linkage and association mapping for eight carotenoid traits using six recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations. Single linkage mapping (SLM) and joint linkage mapping (JLM) identified 77 unique additive QTLs and 104 pairs of epistatic QTLs. Among these QTLs, we identified 22 overlapping hotspots of additive and epistatic loci, highlighting the important contributions of some QTLs to carotenoid levels through additive or epistatic mechanisms. A genome-wide association study based on all RILs detected 244 candidate genes significantly associated with carotenoid traits, 23 of which were annotated as carotenoid pathway genes. Effect comparisons suggested that a small number of loci linked to pathway genes have substantial effects on carotenoid variation in our tested populations, but many loci not associated with pathway genes also make important contributions to carotenoid variation. We identified ZmPTOX as the causal gene for a QTL hotspot (Q10/JLM10/GWAS019); this gene encodes a putative plastid terminal oxidase that produces plastoquinone-9 used by two enzymes in the carotenoid pathway. Natural variants in the promoter and second exon of ZmPTOX were found to alter carotenoid levels. This comprehensive assessment of the genetic mechanisms underlying carotenoid variation establishes a foundation for rewiring carotenoid metabolism and accumulation for efficient carotenoid biofortification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience and National Maize Improvement Center of ChinaChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xiuyi Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience and National Maize Improvement Center of ChinaChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular BreedingMaize Research InstituteBeijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences (BAAFS)BeijingChina
| | - Haiying Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience and National Maize Improvement Center of ChinaChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yanyan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience and National Maize Improvement Center of ChinaChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience and National Maize Improvement Center of ChinaChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience and National Maize Improvement Center of ChinaChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience and National Maize Improvement Center of ChinaChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Shenghui Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience and National Maize Improvement Center of ChinaChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Binghao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience and National Maize Improvement Center of ChinaChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Hui Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience and National Maize Improvement Center of ChinaChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xiaoxia Du
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience and National Maize Improvement Center of ChinaChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yaru Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience and National Maize Improvement Center of ChinaChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Shuting Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience and National Maize Improvement Center of ChinaChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Kun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience and National Maize Improvement Center of ChinaChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Shutu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience and National Maize Improvement Center of ChinaChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Zhigang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience and National Maize Improvement Center of ChinaChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Fang Liu
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular BreedingChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yingni Xiao
- Crops Research InstituteGuangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Yuandong Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular BreedingMaize Research InstituteBeijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences (BAAFS)BeijingChina
| | - Jiansheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience and National Maize Improvement Center of ChinaChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular BreedingChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xiaohong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience and National Maize Improvement Center of ChinaChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular BreedingChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design BreedingChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
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5
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Wang YG, Zhang YM, Wang YH, Zhang K, Ma J, Hang JX, Su YT, Tan SS, Liu H, Xiong AS, Xu ZS. The Y locus encodes a REPRESSOR OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC GENES protein that represses carotenoid biosynthesis via interaction with APRR2 in carrot. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:2798-2817. [PMID: 38593056 PMCID: PMC11289637 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koae111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Little is known about the factors regulating carotenoid biosynthesis in roots. In this study, we characterized DCAR_032551, the candidate gene of the Y locus responsible for the transition of root color from ancestral white to yellow during carrot (Daucus carota) domestication. We show that DCAR_032551 encodes a REPRESSOR OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC GENES (RPGE) protein, named DcRPGE1. DcRPGE1 from wild carrot (DcRPGE1W) is a repressor of carotenoid biosynthesis. Specifically, DcRPGE1W physically interacts with DcAPRR2, an ARABIDOPSIS PSEUDO-RESPONSE REGULATOR2 (APRR2)-like transcription factor. Through this interaction, DcRPGE1W suppresses DcAPRR2-mediated transcriptional activation of the key carotenogenic genes phytoene synthase 1 (DcPSY1), DcPSY2, and lycopene ε-cyclase (DcLCYE), which strongly decreases carotenoid biosynthesis. We also demonstrate that the DcRPGE1W-DcAPRR2 interaction prevents DcAPRR2 from binding to the RGATTY elements in the promoter regions of DcPSY1, DcPSY2, and DcLCYE. Additionally, we identified a mutation in the DcRPGE1 coding region of yellow and orange carrots that leads to the generation of alternatively spliced transcripts encoding truncated DcRPGE1 proteins unable to interact with DcAPRR2, thereby failing to suppress carotenoid biosynthesis. These findings provide insights into the transcriptional regulation of carotenoid biosynthesis and offer potential target genes for enhancing carotenoid accumulation in crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yu-Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ya-Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jing Ma
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Jia-Xin Hang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yu-Ting Su
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shan-Shan Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ai-Sheng Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhi-Sheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Li W, Gao X, Qi G, Wurilige, Guo L, Zhang M, Fu Y, Wang Y, Wang J, Wang Y, Yang F, Gao Q, Fan Y, Wen L, Li F, Bai X, Zhao Y, Gun-Aajav B, Xu X. Research on the Effects of the Relationship between Agronomic Traits and Dwarfing Genes on Yield in Colored Wheat. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:649. [PMID: 38927585 PMCID: PMC11203363 DOI: 10.3390/genes15060649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This research focuses on 72 approved varieties of colored wheat from different provinces in China. Utilizing coefficients of variation, structural equation models, and correlation analyses, six agronomic traits of colored wheat were comprehensively evaluated, followed by further research on different dwarfing genes in colored wheat. Using the entropy method revealed that among the 72 colored wheat varieties, 10 were suitable for cultivation. Variety 70 was the top-performing variety, with a comprehensive index of 87.15%. In the final established structural equation model, each agronomic trait exhibited a positive direct effect on yield. Notably, plant height, spike length, and flag leaf width had significant impacts on yield, with path coefficients of 0.55, 0.40, and 0.27. Transcriptome analysis and real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) validation were used to identify three dwarfing genes controlling plant height: Rht1, Rht-D1, and Rht8. Subsequent RT-qPCR validation clustering heatmap results indicated that Rht-D1 gene expression increased with the growth of per-acre yield. Rht8 belongs to the semi-dwarf gene category and has a significant positive effect on grain yield. However, the impact of Rht1, as a dwarfing gene, on agronomic traits varies. These research findings provide crucial references for the breeding of new varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wurijimusi Li
- Department of Biology, School of Arts and Sciences, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar 14201, Mongolia;
- Hinggan League Institute of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hinggan League 137400, China; (X.G.); (G.Q.); (W.); (L.G.); (M.Z.); (Y.F.); (Y.W.); (J.W.); (Y.W.); (F.Y.); (L.W.); (F.L.); (X.B.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Xinmei Gao
- Hinggan League Institute of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hinggan League 137400, China; (X.G.); (G.Q.); (W.); (L.G.); (M.Z.); (Y.F.); (Y.W.); (J.W.); (Y.W.); (F.Y.); (L.W.); (F.L.); (X.B.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Geqi Qi
- Hinggan League Institute of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hinggan League 137400, China; (X.G.); (G.Q.); (W.); (L.G.); (M.Z.); (Y.F.); (Y.W.); (J.W.); (Y.W.); (F.Y.); (L.W.); (F.L.); (X.B.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Wurilige
- Hinggan League Institute of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hinggan League 137400, China; (X.G.); (G.Q.); (W.); (L.G.); (M.Z.); (Y.F.); (Y.W.); (J.W.); (Y.W.); (F.Y.); (L.W.); (F.L.); (X.B.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Longyu Guo
- Hinggan League Institute of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hinggan League 137400, China; (X.G.); (G.Q.); (W.); (L.G.); (M.Z.); (Y.F.); (Y.W.); (J.W.); (Y.W.); (F.Y.); (L.W.); (F.L.); (X.B.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Mingwei Zhang
- Hinggan League Institute of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hinggan League 137400, China; (X.G.); (G.Q.); (W.); (L.G.); (M.Z.); (Y.F.); (Y.W.); (J.W.); (Y.W.); (F.Y.); (L.W.); (F.L.); (X.B.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Ying Fu
- Hinggan League Institute of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hinggan League 137400, China; (X.G.); (G.Q.); (W.); (L.G.); (M.Z.); (Y.F.); (Y.W.); (J.W.); (Y.W.); (F.Y.); (L.W.); (F.L.); (X.B.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yingjie Wang
- Hinggan League Institute of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hinggan League 137400, China; (X.G.); (G.Q.); (W.); (L.G.); (M.Z.); (Y.F.); (Y.W.); (J.W.); (Y.W.); (F.Y.); (L.W.); (F.L.); (X.B.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Jingyu Wang
- Hinggan League Institute of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hinggan League 137400, China; (X.G.); (G.Q.); (W.); (L.G.); (M.Z.); (Y.F.); (Y.W.); (J.W.); (Y.W.); (F.Y.); (L.W.); (F.L.); (X.B.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Ying Wang
- Hinggan League Institute of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hinggan League 137400, China; (X.G.); (G.Q.); (W.); (L.G.); (M.Z.); (Y.F.); (Y.W.); (J.W.); (Y.W.); (F.Y.); (L.W.); (F.L.); (X.B.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Fengting Yang
- Hinggan League Institute of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hinggan League 137400, China; (X.G.); (G.Q.); (W.); (L.G.); (M.Z.); (Y.F.); (Y.W.); (J.W.); (Y.W.); (F.Y.); (L.W.); (F.L.); (X.B.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Qianhui Gao
- Hinggan League Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Technology Extension Center, Hinggan League 137400, China;
| | - Yongyi Fan
- Hinggan League Academy of Occupation and Technology, Hinggan League 137400, China;
| | - Li Wen
- Hinggan League Institute of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hinggan League 137400, China; (X.G.); (G.Q.); (W.); (L.G.); (M.Z.); (Y.F.); (Y.W.); (J.W.); (Y.W.); (F.Y.); (L.W.); (F.L.); (X.B.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Fengjiao Li
- Hinggan League Institute of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hinggan League 137400, China; (X.G.); (G.Q.); (W.); (L.G.); (M.Z.); (Y.F.); (Y.W.); (J.W.); (Y.W.); (F.Y.); (L.W.); (F.L.); (X.B.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Xiuyan Bai
- Hinggan League Institute of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hinggan League 137400, China; (X.G.); (G.Q.); (W.); (L.G.); (M.Z.); (Y.F.); (Y.W.); (J.W.); (Y.W.); (F.Y.); (L.W.); (F.L.); (X.B.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yue Zhao
- Hinggan League Institute of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hinggan League 137400, China; (X.G.); (G.Q.); (W.); (L.G.); (M.Z.); (Y.F.); (Y.W.); (J.W.); (Y.W.); (F.Y.); (L.W.); (F.L.); (X.B.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Bayarmaa Gun-Aajav
- Department of Biology, School of Arts and Sciences, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar 14201, Mongolia;
| | - Xingjian Xu
- Hinggan League Institute of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hinggan League 137400, China; (X.G.); (G.Q.); (W.); (L.G.); (M.Z.); (Y.F.); (Y.W.); (J.W.); (Y.W.); (F.Y.); (L.W.); (F.L.); (X.B.); (Y.Z.)
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7
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LaPorte MF, Suwarno WB, Hannok P, Koide A, Bradbury P, Crossa J, Palacios-Rojas N, Diepenbrock CH. Investigating genomic prediction strategies for grain carotenoid traits in a tropical/subtropical maize panel. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2024; 14:jkae044. [PMID: 38427914 PMCID: PMC11075567 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkae044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Vitamin A deficiency remains prevalent on a global scale, including in regions where maize constitutes a high percentage of human diets. One solution for alleviating this deficiency has been to increase grain concentrations of provitamin A carotenoids in maize (Zea mays ssp. mays L.)-an example of biofortification. The International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) developed a Carotenoid Association Mapping panel of 380 inbred lines adapted to tropical and subtropical environments that have varying grain concentrations of provitamin A and other health-beneficial carotenoids. Several major genes have been identified for these traits, 2 of which have particularly been leveraged in marker-assisted selection. This project assesses the predictive ability of several genomic prediction strategies for maize grain carotenoid traits within and between 4 environments in Mexico. Ridge Regression-Best Linear Unbiased Prediction, Elastic Net, and Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Spaces had high predictive abilities for all tested traits (β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, provitamin A, lutein, and zeaxanthin) and outperformed Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator. Furthermore, predictive abilities were higher when using genome-wide markers rather than only the markers proximal to 2 or 13 genes. These findings suggest that genomic prediction models using genome-wide markers (and assuming equal variance of marker effects) are worthwhile for these traits even though key genes have already been identified, especially if breeding for additional grain carotenoid traits alongside β-carotene. Predictive ability was maintained for all traits except lutein in between-environment prediction. The TASSEL (Trait Analysis by aSSociation, Evolution, and Linkage) Genomic Selection plugin performed as well as other more computationally intensive methods for within-environment prediction. The findings observed herein indicate the utility of genomic prediction methods for these traits and could inform their resource-efficient implementation in biofortification breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary-Francis LaPorte
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Willy Bayuardi Suwarno
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - Pattama Hannok
- Division of Agronomy, Faculty of Agricultural Production, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Plant Breeding and Plant Genetics Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Akiyoshi Koide
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Peter Bradbury
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - José Crossa
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Km 45 Carretera Mexico-Veracruz, Texcoco 56130, Mexico
| | - Natalia Palacios-Rojas
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Km 45 Carretera Mexico-Veracruz, Texcoco 56130, Mexico
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Chen H, Ji H, Huang W, Zhang Z, Zhu K, Zhu S, Chai L, Ye J, Deng X. Transcription factor CrWRKY42 coregulates chlorophyll degradation and carotenoid biosynthesis in citrus. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 195:728-744. [PMID: 38394457 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Chlorophyll degradation and carotenoid biosynthesis, which occur almost simultaneously during fruit ripening, are essential for the coloration and nutritional value of fruits. However, the synergistic regulation of these 2 processes at the transcriptional level remains largely unknown. In this study, we identified a WRKY transcription factor, CrWRKY42, from the transcriptome data of the yellowish bud mutant "Jinlegan" ([Citrus unshiu × C. sinensis] × C. reticulata) tangor and its wild-type "Shiranui" tangor, which was involved in the transcriptional regulation of both chlorophyll degradation and carotenoid biosynthesis pathways. CrWRKY42 directly bound to the promoter of β-carotene hydroxylase 1 (CrBCH1) and activated its expression. The overexpression and interference of CrWRKY42 in citrus calli demonstrated that CrWRKY42 promoted carotenoid accumulation by inducing the expression of multiple carotenoid biosynthetic genes. Further assays confirmed that CrWRKY42 also directly bound to and activated the promoters of the genes involved in carotenoid biosynthesis, including phytoene desaturase (CrPDS) and lycopene β-cyclase 2 (CrLCYB2). In addition, CrWRKY42 could bind to the promoters of NONYELLOW COLORING (CrNYC) and STAY-GREEN (CrSGR) and activate their expression, thus promoting chlorophyll degradation. The overexpression and silencing of CrWRKY42 in citrus fruits indicated that CrWRKY42 positively regulated chlorophyll degradation and carotenoid biosynthesis by synergistically activating the expression of genes involved in both pathways. Our data revealed that CrWRKY42 acts as a positive regulator of chlorophyll degradation and carotenoid biosynthesis to alter the conversion of citrus fruit color. Our findings provide insight into the complex transcriptional regulation of chlorophyll and carotenoid metabolism during fruit ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Chen
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
| | - Huiyu Ji
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
| | - Wenkai Huang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
| | - Zhehui Zhang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
| | - Kaijie Zhu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
| | - Shiping Zhu
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P.R. China
| | - Lijun Chai
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
| | - Junli Ye
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
| | - Xiuxin Deng
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
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Requena-Ramírez MD, Rodríguez-Suárez C, Hornero-Méndez D, Atienza SG. Lutein esterification increases carotenoid retention in durum wheat grain. A step further in breeding and improving the commercial and nutritional quality during grain storage. Food Chem 2024; 435:137660. [PMID: 37832338 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoid esterification is a common mechanism for carotenoid sequestration, accumulation and storage in plants. Carotenoids are responsible for the bright yellow colour of pasta. Therefore, carotenoid retention during storage is of great importance in the durum wheat food chain. In this work, we investigated the role of carotenoid esterification on carotenoid retention in durum wheat using two consecutive storage experiments. Firstly, we compared two landraces and two durum wheat varieties as a preliminary work. We then compared individuals derived from the BGE047535×'Athoris' cross contrasting for esterification ability. Our results show that carotenoid esterification leads to a higher carotenoid retention during storage in durum wheat. Thus, the use of the carotenoid esterification would be useful as an extra strategy to ongoing efforts to improve carotenoid retention in the durum wheat food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dámaso Hornero-Méndez
- Department of Food Phytochemistry, Instituto de la Grasa, CSIC, Campus Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Edificio 46, Ctra de Utrera, Km 1, E-41013 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Sergio G Atienza
- Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible, CSIC, Alameda del Obispo, s/n, E-14004 Córdoba, Spain.
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Usman SM, Khan RS, Shikari AB, Yousuf N, Waza SA, Wani SH, Bhat MA, Shazia F, Sheikh FA, Majid A. Unveiling the sweetness: evaluating yield and quality attributes of early generation sweet corn (Zea mays subsp. sachharata) inbred lines through morphological, biochemical and marker-based approaches. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:307. [PMID: 38365995 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09229-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sweet corn is gaining tremendous demand worldwide due to urbanization and changing consumer preferences. However, genetic improvement in this crop is being limited by narrow genetic base and other undesirable agronomic traits that hinder the development of superior cultivars. The main requirement in this direction is the development of potentially promising parental lines. One of the most important strategies in this direction is to develop such lines from hybrid-oriented source germplasm which may provide diverse base material with desirable biochemical and agro-morphological attributes. METHODS AND RESULTS The study was undertaken to carry out morphological and biochemical evaluation of 80 early generation inbred lines (S2) of sweet corn that were developed from a cross between two single cross sweet corn hybrids (Mithas and Sugar-75). Moreover, validation of favourable recessive alleles for sugar content was carried out using SSR markers. The 80 sweet corn inbreds evaluated for phenotypic characterization showed wide range of variability with respect to different traits studied. The highest content of total carotenoids was found in the inbred S27 (34 μg g-1) followed by the inbred S65 (31.1 μg g-1). The highest content for total sugars was found in S60 (8.54%) followed by S14 (8.34%). Molecular characterization of 80 inbred lines led to the identification of seven inbreds viz., S21, S28, S47, S48, S49, S53, and S54, carrying the alleles specific to the sugary gene (su1) with respect to the markers umc2061 and bnlg1937. Comparing the results of scatter plot for biochemical and morphological traits, it was revealed that inbreds S9, S23, S27 and S36 contain high levels of total sugars and total carotenoids along with moderate values for amylose and yield attributing traits. CONCLUSION The inbred lines identified with desirable biochemical and agro-morphological attributes in the study could be utilized as source of favourable alleles in sweet corn breeding programmes after further validation for disease resistance and other agronomic traits. Consequently, the study will not only enhance the genetic base of sweet corn germplasm but also has the potential to develop high-yielding hybrids with improved quality. The inbreds possessing su1 gene on the basis of umc2061 and bnlg1937 markers were also found to possess high sugar content. This indicates the potential of these lines as desirable candidates for breeding programs aimed at improving sweet corn yield and quality. These findings also demonstrate the effectiveness of the molecular markers in facilitating marker-assisted selection for important traits in sweet corn breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shah Mohammad Usman
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, 141004, Ludhiana, India.
| | - Raheel Shafeeq Khan
- Division of Genetics & Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture (FoA), SKUAST-Kashmir, Wadura Campus, Sopore, 193201, Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Asif Bashir Shikari
- Division of Genetics & Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture (FoA), SKUAST-Kashmir, Wadura Campus, Sopore, 193201, Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Nida Yousuf
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, 141004, Ludhiana, India
| | - Showkat Ahmad Waza
- Division of Genetics & Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture (FoA), SKUAST-Kashmir, Wadura Campus, Sopore, 193201, Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Shabir Hussain Wani
- Division of Genetics & Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture (FoA), SKUAST-Kashmir, Wadura Campus, Sopore, 193201, Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Muhammad Ashraf Bhat
- Division of Genetics & Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture (FoA), SKUAST-Kashmir, Wadura Campus, Sopore, 193201, Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - F Shazia
- Division of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture (FoA), SKUAST-Kashmir, Wadura Campus, Sopore, 193201, Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Faroq Ahmad Sheikh
- Division of Genetics & Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture (FoA), SKUAST-Kashmir, Wadura Campus, Sopore, 193201, Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
| | - Asma Majid
- Division of Genetics & Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture (FoA), SKUAST-Kashmir, Wadura Campus, Sopore, 193201, Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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11
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Djalovic I, Grahovac N, Stojanović Z, Đurović A, Živančev D, Jakšić S, Jaćimović S, Tian C, Prasad PVV. Nutritional and Chemical Quality of Maize Hybrids from Different FAO Maturity Groups Developed and Grown in Serbia. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:143. [PMID: 38202451 PMCID: PMC10780984 DOI: 10.3390/plants13010143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Maize is a globally significant cereal crop, contributing to the production of essential food products and serving as a pivotal resource for diverse industrial applications. This study investigated the proximate analysis of maize hybrids from different FAO maturity groups in Serbia, exploring variations in polyphenols, flavonoids, carotenoids, tocopherols, and fatty acids with the aim of understanding how agroecological conditions influence the nutritional potential of maize hybrids. The results indicate substantial variations in nutritional composition and antioxidant properties among different maturity groups. The levels of total polyphenols varied among FAO groups, indicating that specific hybrids may offer greater health benefits. Flavonoids and carotenoids also showed considerable variation, with implications for nutritional quality. Tocopherol content varied significantly, emphasizing the diversity in antioxidant capacity. Fatty acid analysis revealed high levels of unsaturated fatty acids, particularly linoleic acid, indicating favorable nutritional and industrial properties. The study highlights the importance of considering maturity groups in assessing the nutritional potential of maize hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivica Djalovic
- Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (I.D.); (D.Ž.); (S.J.); (S.J.)
| | - Nada Grahovac
- Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (I.D.); (D.Ž.); (S.J.); (S.J.)
| | - Zorica Stojanović
- Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (Z.S.); (A.Đ.)
| | - Ana Đurović
- Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (Z.S.); (A.Đ.)
| | - Dragan Živančev
- Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (I.D.); (D.Ž.); (S.J.); (S.J.)
| | - Snežana Jakšić
- Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (I.D.); (D.Ž.); (S.J.); (S.J.)
| | - Simona Jaćimović
- Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (I.D.); (D.Ž.); (S.J.); (S.J.)
| | - Caihuan Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China;
| | - P. V. Vara Prasad
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA;
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Chen W, Cui F, Zhu H, Zhang X, Lu S, Lu C, Chang H, Fan L, Lin H, Fang J, An Y, Li X, Qi Y. Genome-wide association study of kernel colour traits and mining of elite alleles from the major loci in maize. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:25. [PMID: 38166633 PMCID: PMC10763400 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04662-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maize kernel colour is an important index for evaluating maize quality and value and mainly entails two natural pigments, carotenoids and anthocyanins. To analyse the genetic mechanism of maize kernel colour and mine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to kernel colour traits, an association panel including 244 superior maize inbred lines was used to measure and analyse the six traits related to kernel colour in two environments and was then combined with the about 3 million SNPs covering the whole maize genome in this study. Two models (Q + K, PCA + K) were used for genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) of kernel colour traits. RESULTS We identified 1029QTLs, and two SNPs contained in those QTLs were located in coding regions of Y1 and R1 respectively, two known genes that regulate kernel colour. Fourteen QTLs which contain 19 SNPs were within 200 kb interval of the genes involved in the regulation of kernel colour. 13 high-confidence SNPs repeatedly detected for specific traits, and AA genotypes of rs1_40605594 and rs5_2392770 were the most popular alleles appeared in inbred lines with higher levels. By searching the confident interval of the 13 high-confidence SNPs, a total of 95 candidate genes were identified. CONCLUSIONS The genetic loci and candidate genes of maize kernel colour provided in this study will be useful for uncovering the genetic mechanism of maize kernel colour, gene cloning in the future. Furthermore, the identified elite alleles can be used to molecular marker-assisted selection of kernel colour traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Chen
- Institute of Nanfan & Seed Industry, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou, 510316, Guangdong, China
| | - Fangqing Cui
- Institute of Nanfan & Seed Industry, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou, 510316, Guangdong, China
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510325, Guangdong, China
| | - Hang Zhu
- Institute of Nanfan & Seed Industry, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou, 510316, Guangdong, China
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510325, Guangdong, China
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Xiangbo Zhang
- Institute of Nanfan & Seed Industry, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou, 510316, Guangdong, China
| | - Siqi Lu
- Institute of Nanfan & Seed Industry, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou, 510316, Guangdong, China
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510325, Guangdong, China
| | - Chuanli Lu
- Institute of Nanfan & Seed Industry, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou, 510316, Guangdong, China
| | - Hailong Chang
- Institute of Nanfan & Seed Industry, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou, 510316, Guangdong, China
| | - Lina Fan
- Institute of Nanfan & Seed Industry, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou, 510316, Guangdong, China
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510325, Guangdong, China
| | - Huanzhang Lin
- Institute of Nanfan & Seed Industry, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou, 510316, Guangdong, China
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510325, Guangdong, China
| | - Junteng Fang
- Institute of Nanfan & Seed Industry, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou, 510316, Guangdong, China
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510325, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuxing An
- Institute of Nanfan & Seed Industry, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou, 510316, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xuhui Li
- Institute of Nanfan & Seed Industry, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou, 510316, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yongwen Qi
- Institute of Nanfan & Seed Industry, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou, 510316, Guangdong, China.
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510325, Guangdong, China.
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13
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Li J, Martin C, Fernie A. Biofortification's contribution to mitigating micronutrient deficiencies. NATURE FOOD 2024; 5:19-27. [PMID: 38168782 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-023-00905-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Biofortification was first proposed in the early 1990s as a low-cost, sustainable strategy to enhance the mineral and vitamin contents of staple food crops to address micronutrient malnutrition. Since then, the concept and remit of biofortification has burgeoned beyond staples and solutions for low- and middle-income economies. Here we discuss what biofortification has achieved in its original manifestation and the main factors limiting the ability of biofortified crops to improve micronutrient status. We highlight the case for biofortified crops with key micronutrients, such as provitamin D3/vitamin D3, vitamin B12 and iron, for recognition of new demographics of need. Finally, we examine where and how biofortification can be integrated into the global food system to help overcome hidden hunger, improve nutrition and achieve sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Metabolism, John Innes Centre, Norwich, UK
| | - Cathie Martin
- Department of Biochemistry and Metabolism, John Innes Centre, Norwich, UK.
| | - Alisdair Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Potsdam, Germany
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Fang X, Li S, Zhu Z, Zhang X, Xiong C, Wang X, Luan F, Liu S. Clorf Encodes Carotenoid Isomerase and Regulates Orange Flesh Color in Watermelon ( Citrullus lanatus L.). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:15445-15455. [PMID: 37815876 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c02122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Flesh color is a significant characteristic of watermelon. Although various flesh-color genes have been identified, the inheritance and molecular basis of the orange flesh trait remain relatively unexplored. In the present study, the genetic analysis of six generations derived from W1-1 (red flesh) and W1-61 (orange flesh) revealed that the orange flesh color trait was regulated by a single recessive gene, Clorf (orange flesh). Bulk segregant analysis (BSA) locked the range to ∼4.66 Mb, and initial mapping situated the Clorf locus within a 688.35-kb region of watermelon chromosome 10. Another 1,026 F2 plants narrowed the Clorf locus to a 304.62-kb region containing 32 candidate genes. Subsequently, genome sequence variations in this 304.62-kb region were extracted for in silico BSA strategy among 11 resequenced lines (one orange flesh and ten nonorange flesh) and finally narrowed the Clorf locus into an 82.51-kb region containing nine candidate genes. Sequence variation analysis of coding regions and gene expression levels supports Cla97C10G200950 as the most possible candidate for Clorf, which encodes carotenoid isomerase (Crtiso). This study provides a genetic resource for investigating the orange flesh color of watermelon, with Clorf malfunction resulting in low lycopene accumulation and, thus, orange flesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xufeng Fang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticulture Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Shenglong Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticulture Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Zicheng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticulture Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest of A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Cheng Xiong
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Xuezheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticulture Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Feishi Luan
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticulture Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Shi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticulture Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
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15
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Arkhestova DK, Shomakhov BR, Shchennikova AV, Kochieva EZ. 5'-UTR allelic variants and expression of the lycopene-ɛ-cyclase LCYE gene in maize (Zea mays L.) inbred lines of Russian selection. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2023; 27:440-446. [PMID: 37808214 PMCID: PMC10556851 DOI: 10.18699/vjgb-23-53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In breeding, biofortification is aimed at enriching the edible parts of the plant with micronutrients. Within the framework of this strategy, molecular screening of collections of various crops makes it possible to determine allelic variants of genes, new alleles, and the linkage of allelic variants with morphophysiological traits. The maize (Zea mays L.) is an important cereal and silage crop, as well as a source of the main precursor of vitamin A - β-carotene, a derivative of the β,β-branch of the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway. The parallel β,ε-branch is triggered by lycopene-ε-cyclase LCYE, a low expression of which leads to an increase in provitamin A content and is associated with the variability of the 5'-UTR gene regulatory sequence. In this study, we screened a collection of 165 maize inbred lines of Russian selection for 5'- UTR LCYE allelic variants, as well as searched for the dependence of LCYE expression levels on the 5'-UTR allelic variant in the leaves of 14 collection lines. 165 lines analyzed were divided into three groups carrying alleles A2 (64 lines), A5 (31) and A6 (70), respectively. Compared to A2, allele A5 contained two deletions (at positions -267- 260 and -296-290 from the ATG codon) and a G251→T substitution, while allele A6 contained one deletion (-290-296) and two SNPs (G251→T, G265→T). Analysis of LCYE expression in the leaf tissue of seedlings from accessions of 14 lines differing in allelic variants showed no associations of the 5'-UTR LCYE allele type with the level of gene expression. Four lines carrying alleles A2 (6178-1, 6709-2, 2289-3) and A5 (5677) had a significantly higher level of LCYE gene expression (~0.018-0.037) than the other 10 analyzed lines (~0.0001-0.004), among which all three allelic variants were present.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Kh Arkhestova
- Institute of Bioengineering, Federal Research Center "Fundamentals of Biotechnology" of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia Institute of Agriculture - Branch of the Federal Scientific Center "Kabardino-Balkarian Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Nalchik, Russia
| | - B R Shomakhov
- Institute of Agriculture - Branch of the Federal Scientific Center "Kabardino-Balkarian Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Nalchik, Russia
| | - A V Shchennikova
- Institute of Bioengineering, Federal Research Center "Fundamentals of Biotechnology" of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - E Z Kochieva
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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16
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Chen C, Zhang M, Zhang M, Yang M, Dai S, Meng Q, Lv W, Zhuang K. ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE 3-LIKE 2 regulates β-carotene and ascorbic acid accumulation in tomatoes during ripening. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 192:2067-2080. [PMID: 36891812 PMCID: PMC10315317 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE 3/ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE 3-LIKEs (EIN3/EILs) are important ethylene response factors during fruit ripening. Here, we discovered that EIL2 controls carotenoid metabolism and ascorbic acid (AsA) biosynthesis in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). In contrast to the red fruits presented in the wild type (WT) 45 d after pollination, the fruits of CRISPR/Cas9 eil2 mutants and SlEIL2 RNA interference lines (ERIs) showed yellow or orange fruits. Correlation analysis of transcriptome and metabolome data for the ERI and WT ripe fruits revealed that SlEIL2 is involved in β-carotene and AsA accumulation. ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTORs (ERFs) are the typical components downstream of EIN3 in the ethylene response pathway. Through a comprehensive screening of ERF family members, we determined that SlEIL2 directly regulates the expression of 4 SlERFs. Two of these, SlERF.H30 and SlERF.G6, encode proteins that participate in the regulation of LYCOPENE-β-CYCLASE 2 (SlLCYB2), encoding an enzyme that mediates the conversion of lycopene to carotene in fruits. In addition, SlEIL2 transcriptionally repressed L-GALACTOSE 1-PHOSPHATE PHOSPHATASE 3 (SlGPP3) and MYO-INOSITOL OXYGENASE 1 (SlMIOX1) expression, which resulted in a 1.62-fold increase of AsA via both the L-galactose and myoinositol pathways. Overall, we demonstrated that SlEIL2 functions in controlling β-carotene and AsA levels, providing a potential strategy for genetic engineering to improve the nutritional value and quality of tomato fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Mingyue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Minmin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Shanshan Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Qingwei Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Wei Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Kunyang Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018, China
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17
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Cruet-Burgos C, Rhodes DH. Unraveling transcriptomics of sorghum grain carotenoids: a step forward for biofortification. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:233. [PMID: 37138226 PMCID: PMC10157909 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09323-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench) is a promising target for pro-vitamin A biofortification as it is a global staple crop, particularly in regions where vitamin A deficiency is prevalent. As with most cereal grains, carotenoid concentrations are low in sorghum, and breeding could be a feasible strategy to increase pro-vitamin A carotenoids to biologically relevant concentrations. However, there are knowledge gaps in the biosynthesis and regulation of sorghum grain carotenoids, which can limit breeding effectiveness. The aim of this research was to gain an understanding of the transcriptional regulation of a priori candidate genes in carotenoid precursor, biosynthesis, and degradation pathways. RESULTS We used RNA sequencing of grain to compare the transcriptional profile of four sorghum accessions with contrasting carotenoid profiles through grain development. Most a priori candidate genes involved in the precursor MEP, carotenoid biosynthesis, and carotenoid degradation pathways were found to be differentially expressed between sorghum grain developmental stages. There was also differential expression of some of the a priori candidate genes between high and low carotenoid content groups at each developmental time point. Among these, we propose geranyl geranyl pyrophosphate synthase (GGPPS), phytoene synthase (PSY), and phytoene desaturase (PDS) as promising targets for pro-vitamin A carotenoid biofortification efforts in sorghum grain. CONCLUSIONS A deeper understanding of the controls underlying biosynthesis and degradation of sorghum grain carotenoids is needed to advance biofortification efforts. This study provides the first insights into the regulation of sorghum grain carotenoid biosynthesis and degradation, suggesting potential gene targets to prioritize for molecular breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Cruet-Burgos
- Department of Horticulture & Landscape Architecture, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Davina H Rhodes
- Department of Horticulture & Landscape Architecture, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.
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18
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Khaipho-Burch M, Ferebee T, Giri A, Ramstein G, Monier B, Yi E, Romay MC, Buckler ES. Elucidating the patterns of pleiotropy and its biological relevance in maize. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010664. [PMID: 36943844 PMCID: PMC10030035 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Pleiotropy-when a single gene controls two or more seemingly unrelated traits-has been shown to impact genes with effects on flowering time, leaf architecture, and inflorescence morphology in maize. However, the genome-wide impact of biological pleiotropy across all maize phenotypes is largely unknown. Here, we investigate the extent to which biological pleiotropy impacts phenotypes within maize using GWAS summary statistics reanalyzed from previously published metabolite, field, and expression phenotypes across the Nested Association Mapping population and Goodman Association Panel. Through phenotypic saturation of 120,597 traits, we obtain over 480 million significant quantitative trait nucleotides. We estimate that only 1.56-32.3% of intervals show some degree of pleiotropy. We then assess the relationship between pleiotropy and various biological features such as gene expression, chromatin accessibility, sequence conservation, and enrichment for gene ontology terms. We find very little relationship between pleiotropy and these variables when compared to permuted pleiotropy. We hypothesize that biological pleiotropy of common alleles is not widespread in maize and is highly impacted by nuisance terms such as population structure and linkage disequilibrium. Natural selection on large standing natural variation in maize populations may target wide and large effect variants, leaving the prevalence of detectable pleiotropy relatively low.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Taylor Ferebee
- Department of Computational Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Anju Giri
- Institute for Genomic Diversity, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Guillaume Ramstein
- Institute for Genomic Diversity, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
- Center for Quantitative Genetics and Genomics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Brandon Monier
- Institute for Genomic Diversity, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Emily Yi
- Institute for Genomic Diversity, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - M Cinta Romay
- Institute for Genomic Diversity, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Edward S Buckler
- Section of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
- Institute for Genomic Diversity, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
- USDA-ARS, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
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19
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Zhang M, Chen Y, Xing H, Ke W, Shi Y, Sui Z, Xu R, Gao L, Guo G, Li J, Xing J, Zhang Y. Positional cloning and characterization reveal the role of a miRNA precursor gene ZmLRT in the regulation of lateral root number and drought tolerance in maize. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 65:772-790. [PMID: 36354146 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Lateral roots play essential roles in drought tolerance in maize (Zea mays L.). However, the genetic basis for the variation in the number of lateral roots in maize remains elusive. Here, we identified a major quantitative trait locus (QTL), qLRT5-1, controlling lateral root number using a recombinant inbred population from a cross between the maize lines Zong3 (with many lateral roots) and 87-1 (with few lateral roots). Fine-mapping and functional analysis determined that the candidate gene for qLRT5-1, ZmLRT, expresses the primary transcript for the microRNA miR166a. ZmLRT was highly expressed in root tips and lateral root primordia, and knockout and overexpression of ZmLRT increased and decreased lateral root number, respectively. Compared with 87-1, the ZmLRT gene model of Zong3 lacked the second and third exons and contained a 14 bp deletion at the junction between the first exon and intron, which altered the splicing site. In addition, ZmLRT expression was significantly lower in Zong3 than in 87-1, which might be attributed to the insertions of a transposon and over large DNA fragments in the Zong3 ZmLRT promoter region. These mutations decreased the abundance of mature miR166a in Zong3, resulting in increased lateral roots at the seedling stage. Furthermore, miR166a post-transcriptionally repressed five development-related class-III homeodomain-leucine zipper genes. Moreover, knockout of ZmLRT enhanced drought tolerance of maize seedlings. Our study furthers our understanding of the genetic basis of lateral root number variation in maize and highlights ZmLRT as a target for improving drought tolerance in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yanhong Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Agronomy College of Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Hongyan Xing
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resources and Utilization (MARA), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Wensheng Ke
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yunlu Shi
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhipeng Sui
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Yantai Science and Technology Innovation Promotion Center, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Ruibin Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Institute, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Lulu Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ganggang Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resources and Utilization (MARA), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jiansheng Li
- National Maize Improvement Center of China, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jiewen Xing
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yirong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- National Maize Improvement Center of China, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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20
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Satarova TM, Denysiuk KV, Cherchel VY, Dziubetskyi BV. Distribution of Alleles of β-Carotene Hydroxylase 1 Gene in Modern Genotypes of Zea mays L. CYTOL GENET+ 2023. [DOI: 10.3103/s0095452723010115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
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21
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Dwivedi SL, Garcia-Oliveira AL, Govindaraj M, Ortiz R. Biofortification to avoid malnutrition in humans in a changing climate: Enhancing micronutrient bioavailability in seed, tuber, and storage roots. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1119148. [PMID: 36794214 PMCID: PMC9923027 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1119148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Malnutrition results in enormous socio-economic costs to the individual, their community, and the nation's economy. The evidence suggests an overall negative impact of climate change on the agricultural productivity and nutritional quality of food crops. Producing more food with better nutritional quality, which is feasible, should be prioritized in crop improvement programs. Biofortification refers to developing micronutrient -dense cultivars through crossbreeding or genetic engineering. This review provides updates on nutrient acquisition, transport, and storage in plant organs; the cross-talk between macro- and micronutrients transport and signaling; nutrient profiling and spatial and temporal distribution; the putative and functionally characterized genes/single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with Fe, Zn, and β-carotene; and global efforts to breed nutrient-dense crops and map adoption of such crops globally. This article also includes an overview on the bioavailability, bioaccessibility, and bioactivity of nutrients as well as the molecular basis of nutrient transport and absorption in human. Over 400 minerals (Fe, Zn) and provitamin A-rich cultivars have been released in the Global South. Approximately 4.6 million households currently cultivate Zn-rich rice and wheat, while ~3 million households in sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America benefit from Fe-rich beans, and 2.6 million people in sub-Saharan Africa and Brazil eat provitamin A-rich cassava. Furthermore, nutrient profiles can be improved through genetic engineering in an agronomically acceptable genetic background. The development of "Golden Rice" and provitamin A-rich dessert bananas and subsequent transfer of this trait into locally adapted cultivars are evident, with no significant change in nutritional profile, except for the trait incorporated. A greater understanding of nutrient transport and absorption may lead to the development of diet therapy for the betterment of human health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Luísa Garcia-Oliveira
- International Maize and Wheat Research Center, Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz. y Trigo (CIMMYT), Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Biotechnology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hissar, India
| | - Mahalingam Govindaraj
- HarvestPlus Program, Alliance of Bioversity International and the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Cali, Colombia
| | - Rodomiro Ortiz
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Lomma, Sweden
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22
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Batool Z, Chen JH, Gao Y, Lu LW, Xu H, Liu B, Wang M, Chen F. Natural Carotenoids as Neuroprotective Agents for Alzheimer's Disease: An Evidence-Based Comprehensive Review. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:15631-15646. [PMID: 36480951 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c06206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder of an ever-increasing aging population with various pathological features such as β-amyloid (Aβ) aggregation, oxidative stress, an impaired cholinergic system, and neuroinflammation. Several therapeutic drugs have been introduced to slow the progression of AD by targeting the above-mentioned pathways. In addition, emerging evidence suggests that naturally occurring compounds have the potential to serve as adjuvant therapies to alleviate AD symptoms. Carotenoids, a group of natural pigments with antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties, are proposed to be implicated in neuroprotection. To obtain a comprehensive picture of the effect of carotenoids on AD prevention and development, we critically reviewed and discussed recent evidence from in silico, in vitro, in vivo, and human studies in databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Cochrane (CENTRAL). After analyzing the existing evidence, we found that high-quality randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are lacking to explore the neuroprotective role of carotenoids in AD pathogenesis and symptoms, especially carotenoids with solid preclinical evidence such as astaxanthin, fucoxanthin, macular carotenoids, and crocin, in order to develop effective preventive dietary supplements for AD patients to ameliorate the symptoms. This review points out directions for future studies to advance the knowledge in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Batool
- Institute for Innovative Development of Food Industry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jie-Hua Chen
- Institute for Innovative Development of Food Industry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yao Gao
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
| | - Louise Weiwei Lu
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, the University of Auckland 1010, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Haoxie Xu
- Institute for Innovative Development of Food Industry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Institute for Innovative Development of Food Industry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Mingfu Wang
- Institute for Innovative Development of Food Industry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Institute for Innovative Development of Food Industry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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23
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Genomics-based strategies toward the identification of a Z-ISO carotenoid biosynthetic enzyme suitable for structural studies. Methods Enzymol 2022; 671:171-205. [PMID: 35878977 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2021.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Over the past 20years, structural genomics efforts have proven enormously successful for the determination of integral membrane protein structures, particularly for those of prokaryotic origin. However, traditional genomic expansion screens have included up to hundreds of targets, necessitating the use of robotics and other automation not available to most laboratories. Moreover, such large-scale screens of eukaryotic targets are not easily performed at such a scale. To have broader appeal, traditional structural genomic approaches need to be modified and improved such that they are feasible for most laboratories and especially so for proteins from eukaryotic organisms. One such refinement, termed "microgenomic expansion," has been recently described. This approach improves the process of target selection by making target screening a two-step process, with a minimal number of targets tested at each step. Microgenomic expansion methods are applied here theoretically to a project that has the objective of acquiring a structure for the plant 15-cis-ζ-carotene isomerase, Z-ISO.
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24
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Calugar RE, Muntean E, Varga A, Vana CD, Has VV, Tritean N, Ceclan LA. Improving the Carotenoid Content in Maize by Using Isonuclear Lines. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:1632. [PMID: 35807583 PMCID: PMC9269311 DOI: 10.3390/plants11131632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids are important biologically active compounds in the human diet due to their role in maintaining a proper health status. Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the main crops worldwide, in terms of production quantity, yield and harvested area, as it is also an important source of carotenoids in human nutrition worldwide. Increasing the carotenoid content of maize grains is one of the major targets of the research into maize breeding; in this context, the aim of this study was to establish the influence of some fertile cytoplasm on the carotenoid content in inbred lines and hybrids. Twenty-five isonuclear lines and 100 hybrids were studied for the genetic determinism involved in the transmission of four target carotenoids: lutein, zeaxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin and β-carotene. The analysis of carotenoids was carried out using high performance liquid chromatography using a Flexar system with UV-VIS detection. The obtained data revealed that the cytoplasms did not have a significant influence on the carotenoid content of the inbred lines; larger differences were attributed to the cytoplasm × nucleus interaction. For hybrids, the cytoplasmic nuclear interactions have a significant influence on the content of lutein, zeaxanthin and β-cryptoxanthin. For the cytoplasm × nucleus × tester interactions, significant differences were identified for all traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana Elena Calugar
- Agricultural Research and Development Station Turda, Agriculturii 27, 401100 Turda, Romania; (R.E.C.); (A.V.); (C.D.V.); (V.V.H.); (L.A.C.)
| | - Edward Muntean
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Mănăştur St., 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andrei Varga
- Agricultural Research and Development Station Turda, Agriculturii 27, 401100 Turda, Romania; (R.E.C.); (A.V.); (C.D.V.); (V.V.H.); (L.A.C.)
| | - Carmen Daniela Vana
- Agricultural Research and Development Station Turda, Agriculturii 27, 401100 Turda, Romania; (R.E.C.); (A.V.); (C.D.V.); (V.V.H.); (L.A.C.)
| | - Voichita Virginia Has
- Agricultural Research and Development Station Turda, Agriculturii 27, 401100 Turda, Romania; (R.E.C.); (A.V.); (C.D.V.); (V.V.H.); (L.A.C.)
| | - Nicolae Tritean
- Agricultural Research and Development Station Turda, Agriculturii 27, 401100 Turda, Romania; (R.E.C.); (A.V.); (C.D.V.); (V.V.H.); (L.A.C.)
| | - Loredana Anca Ceclan
- Agricultural Research and Development Station Turda, Agriculturii 27, 401100 Turda, Romania; (R.E.C.); (A.V.); (C.D.V.); (V.V.H.); (L.A.C.)
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25
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I. Udoh L, U. Agogbua J, R. Keyagha E, I. Nkanga I. Carotenoids in Cassava ( Manihot esculenta Crantz). Physiology (Bethesda) 2022. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.105210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Cassava is produced globally and consumed as an important staple in Africa for its calories, but the crop is deficient in micronutrients such as vitamin A. Pro-vitamin A carotenoids including β-carotene are precursors of vitamin A in the human body. Carotenoids are generally associated with colors of fruits and vegetables. Although most cassava varieties have white tuberous roots and generally accepted, naturally; some cassava roots are colored yellow and contain negligible amounts of vitamin A. Several genes have been identified in the carotenoids biosynthesis pathway of plants, but studies show that Phytoene synthase 2 (PSY2), lycopene epsilon cyclase, and β-carotene hydroxylase genes have higher expression levels in yellow cassava roots. So far, the PSY2 gene has been identified as the key gene associated with carotenoids in cassava. Some initiatives are implementing conventional breeding to increase pro-vitamin A carotenoids in cassava roots, and much success has been achieved in this regard. This chapter highlights various prediction tools employed for carotenoid content in fresh cassava roots, including molecular marker-assisted strategies developed to fast-track the conventional breeding for increased carotenoids in cassava.
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Hershberger J, Tanaka R, Wood JC, Kaczmar N, Wu D, Hamilton JP, DellaPenna D, Buell CR, Gore MA. Transcriptome-wide association and prediction for carotenoids and tocochromanols in fresh sweet corn kernels. THE PLANT GENOME 2022; 15:e20197. [PMID: 35262278 DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.20197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Sweet corn (Zea mays L.) is consistently one of the most highly consumed vegetables in the United States, providing a valuable opportunity to increase nutrient intake through biofortification. Significant variation for carotenoid (provitamin A, lutein, zeaxanthin) and tocochromanol (vitamin E, antioxidants) levels is present in temperate sweet corn germplasm, yet previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of these traits have been limited by low statistical power and mapping resolution. Here, we employed a high-quality transcriptomic dataset collected from fresh sweet corn kernels to conduct transcriptome-wide association studies (TWAS) and transcriptome prediction studies for 39 carotenoid and tocochromanol traits. In agreement with previous GWAS findings, TWAS detected significant associations for four causal genes, β-carotene hydroxylase (crtRB1), lycopene epsilon cyclase (lcyE), γ-tocopherol methyltransferase (vte4), and homogentisate geranylgeranyltransferase (hggt1) on a transcriptome-wide level. Pathway-level analysis revealed additional associations for deoxy-xylulose synthase2 (dxs2), diphosphocytidyl methyl erythritol synthase2 (dmes2), cytidine methyl kinase1 (cmk1), and geranylgeranyl hydrogenase1 (ggh1), of which, dmes2, cmk1, and ggh1 have not previously been identified through maize association studies. Evaluation of prediction models incorporating genome-wide markers and transcriptome-wide abundances revealed a trait-dependent benefit to the inclusion of both genomic and transcriptomic data over solely genomic data, but both transcriptome- and genome-wide datasets outperformed a priori candidate gene-targeted prediction models for most traits. Altogether, this study represents an important step toward understanding the role of regulatory variation in the accumulation of vitamins in fresh sweet corn kernels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna Hershberger
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Ryokei Tanaka
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Joshua C Wood
- Dep. of Crop & Soil Sciences, Univ. of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Nicholas Kaczmar
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Di Wu
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - John P Hamilton
- Dep. of Crop & Soil Sciences, Univ. of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Dean DellaPenna
- Dep. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - C Robin Buell
- Dep. of Crop & Soil Sciences, Univ. of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Michael A Gore
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
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Development of β-carotene, lysine, and tryptophan-rich maize (Zea mays) inbreds through marker-assisted gene pyramiding. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8551. [PMID: 35595742 PMCID: PMC9123160 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11585-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Maize (Zea mays L.) is the leading cereal crop and staple food in many parts of the world. This study aims to develop nutrient-rich maize genotypes by incorporating crtRB1 and o2 genes associated with increased β-carotene, lysine, and tryptophan levels. UMI1200 and UMI1230, high quality maize inbreds, are well-adapted to tropical and semi-arid regions in India. However, they are deficient in β-carotene, lysine, and tryptophan. We used the concurrent stepwise transfer of genes by marker-assisted backcross breeding (MABB) scheme to introgress crtRB1 and o2 genes. In each generation (from F1, BC1F1-BC3F1, and ICF1-ICF3), foreground and background selections were carried out using gene-linked (crtRB1 3'TE and umc1066) and genome-wide simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers. Four independent BC3F1 lines of UMI1200 × CE477 (Cross-1), UMI1200 × VQL1 (Cross-2), UMI1230 × CE477 (Cross-3), and UMI1230 × VQL1 (Cross-4) having crtRB1 and o2 genes and 87.45-88.41% of recurrent parent genome recovery (RPGR) were intercrossed to generate the ICF1-ICF3 generations. Further, these gene pyramided lines were examined for agronomic performance and the β-carotene, lysine, and tryptophan contents. Six ICF3 lines (DBT-IC-β1σ4-4-8-8, DBT-IC-β1σ4-9-21-21, DBT-IC-β1σ4-10-1-1, DBT-IC-β2σ5-9-51-51, DBT-IC-β2σ5-9-52-52 and DBT-IC-β2σ5-9-53-53) possessing crtRB1 and o2 genes showed better agronomic performance (77.78-99.31% for DBT-IC-β1σ4 population and 85.71-99.51% for DBT-IC-β2σ5 population) like the recurrent parents and β-carotene (14.21-14.35 μg/g for DBT-IC-β1σ4 and 13.28-13.62 μg/g for DBT-IC-β2σ5), lysine (0.31-0.33% for DBT-IC-β1σ4 and 0.31-0.34% for DBT-IC-β2σ5), and tryptophan (0.079-0.082% for DBT-IC-β1σ4 and 0.078-0.083% for DBT-IC-β2σ5) levels on par with that of the donor parents. In the future, these improved lines could be developed as a cultivar for various agro-climatic zones and also as good genetic materials for maize nutritional breeding programs.
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Shibaya T, Kuroda C, Tsuruoka H, Minami C, Obara A, Nakayama S, Kishida Y, Fujii T, Isobe S. Identification of QTLs for root color and carotenoid contents in Japanese orange carrot F 2 populations. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8063. [PMID: 35577860 PMCID: PMC9110420 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11544-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Carrot is a major source of provitamin A in a human diet. Two of the most important traits for carrot breeding are carotenoid contents and root color. To examine genomic regions related to these traits and develop DNA markers for carrot breeding, we performed an association analysis based on a general liner model using genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) in two F2 populations, both derived from crosses of orange root carrots bred in Japan. The analysis revealed 21 significant quantitative trait loci (QTLs). To validate the detection of the QTLs, we also performed a QTL analysis based on a composite interval mapping of these populations and detected 32 QTLs. Eleven of the QTLs were detected by both the association and QTL analyses. The physical position of some QTLs suggested two possible candidate genes, an Orange (Or) gene for visual color evaluation, and the α- and β-carotene contents and a chromoplast-specific lycopene β-cyclase (CYC-B) gene for the β/α carotene ratio. A KASP marker developed on the Or distinguished a quantitative color difference in a different, related breeding line. The detected QTLs and the DNA marker will contribute to carrot breeding and the understanding of carotenoid biosynthesis and accumulation in orange carrots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taeko Shibaya
- Fujii Seed Co. Ltd., Fujii Seed, 2-12-38 Juso-higashi, Yodogawa-ku, Osaka, 532-0023, Japan.
| | - Chika Kuroda
- Fujii Seed Co. Ltd., Fujii Seed, 2-12-38 Juso-higashi, Yodogawa-ku, Osaka, 532-0023, Japan
| | - Hisano Tsuruoka
- Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba, 292-0818, Japan
| | - Chiharu Minami
- Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba, 292-0818, Japan
| | - Akiko Obara
- Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba, 292-0818, Japan
| | | | - Yoshie Kishida
- Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba, 292-0818, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Fujii
- Fujii Seed Co. Ltd., Fujii Seed, 2-12-38 Juso-higashi, Yodogawa-ku, Osaka, 532-0023, Japan
| | - Sachiko Isobe
- Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba, 292-0818, Japan
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Baveja A, Chhabra R, Panda KK, Muthusamy V, Mehta BK, Mishra SJ, Zunjare RU, Hossain F. Expression analysis of opaque2, crtRB1 and shrunken2 genes during different stages of kernel development in biofortified sweet corn. J Cereal Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2022.103466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Oluwaseun O, Badu-Apraku B, Adebayo M, Abubakar AM. Combining Ability and Performance of Extra-Early Maturing Provitamin A Maize Inbreds and Derived Hybrids in Multiple Environments. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11070964. [PMID: 35406944 PMCID: PMC9003292 DOI: 10.3390/plants11070964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Availability of maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids with elevated provitamin A (PVA) levels and tolerance to contrasting stresses would improve food self-sufficiency and combat malnutrition in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). This study was conducted to (i) analyze selected PVA inbreds of extra-early maturity for carotenoid content, (ii) estimate the combining abilities of the inbred lines for grain yield and other agronomic traits, (iii) assign inbred lines to distinct heterotic groups (HGs), (iv) identify testers among the inbred lines, and (v) determine grain yield and stability of the PVA hybrids across contrasting environments. Thirty-three extra-early maturing inbred lines selected for high carotenoid content were crossed with four inbred testers to obtain 132 testcrosses. The testcrosses, six tester × tester crosses and two hybrid checks, were evaluated across three Striga-infested, four drought and five optimal growing environments in Nigeria, 2014–2016. Results of the chemical analysis revealed that inbred lines TZEEIOR 109, TZEEIOR 30, TZEEIOR 41, TZEEIOR 97, TZEEIOR 42, and TZEEIOR 140 had intermediate PVA levels. Both additive and nonadditive gene actions were important in the inheritance of grain yield and other measured traits under stress and optimal environments. However, additive gene action was preponderant over the nonadditive gene action. The inbred lines were classified into three HGs across environments. Inbreds TZEEIOR 249 and TZEEIOR 30 were identified as testers for HGs I and II, respectively. The hybrid TZEEI 79 × TZEEIOR 30 was the most outstanding in terms of grain yield and was stable across environments. This hybrid should be tested extensively in on-farm trials for consistency in performance and commercialized to combat malnutrition and food insecurity in SSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olatise Oluwaseun
- Department of Crop Production and Soil Science, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso PMB 4000, Nigeria; (O.O.); (M.A.)
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Oyo Road, Ibadan PMB 5320, Nigeria;
| | - Baffour Badu-Apraku
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Oyo Road, Ibadan PMB 5320, Nigeria;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +234-810-848-2590
| | - Moses Adebayo
- Department of Crop Production and Soil Science, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso PMB 4000, Nigeria; (O.O.); (M.A.)
| | - Adamu Masari Abubakar
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Oyo Road, Ibadan PMB 5320, Nigeria;
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Zurak D, Slovenec P, Janječić Z, Bedeković XD, Pintar J, Kljak K. Overview on recent findings of nutritional and non-nutritional factors affecting egg yolk pigmentation. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2022.2046447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Zurak
- Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - P. Slovenec
- Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Z. Janječić
- Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - X, D. Bedeković
- Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - J. Pintar
- Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - K. Kljak
- Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Zagreb, Croatia
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32
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LaPorte MF, Vachev M, Fenn M, Diepenbrock C. Simultaneous dissection of grain carotenoid levels and kernel color in biparental maize populations with yellow-to-orange grain. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2022; 12:6506523. [PMID: 35100389 PMCID: PMC8895983 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkac006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Maize enriched in provitamin A carotenoids could be key in combatting vitamin A deficiency in human populations relying on maize as a food staple. Consumer studies indicate that orange maize may be regarded as novel and preferred. This study identifies genes of relevance for grain carotenoid concentrations and kernel color, through simultaneous dissection of these traits in 10 families of the US maize nested association mapping panel that have yellow to orange grain. Quantitative trait loci were identified via joint-linkage analysis, with phenotypic variation explained for individual kernel color quantitative trait loci ranging from 2.4% to 17.5%. These quantitative trait loci were cross-analyzed with significant marker-trait associations in a genome-wide association study that utilized ∼27 million variants. Nine genes were identified: four encoding activities upstream of the core carotenoid pathway, one at the pathway branchpoint, three within the α- or β-pathway branches, and one encoding a carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase. Of these, three exhibited significant pleiotropy between kernel color and one or more carotenoid traits. Kernel color exhibited moderate positive correlations with β-branch and total carotenoids and negligible correlations with α-branch carotenoids. These findings can be leveraged to simultaneously achieve desirable kernel color phenotypes and increase concentrations of provitamin A and other priority carotenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary-Francis LaPorte
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Mishi Vachev
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Matthew Fenn
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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33
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Yu S, Li M, Dubcovsky J, Tian L. Mutant combinations of lycopene ɛ-cyclase and β-carotene hydroxylase 2 homoeologs increased β-carotene accumulation in endosperm of tetraploid wheat (Triticum turgidum L.) grains. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2022; 20:564-576. [PMID: 34695292 PMCID: PMC8882798 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Grains of tetraploid wheat (Triticum turgidum L.) mainly accumulate the non-provitamin A carotenoid lutein-with low natural variation in provitamin A β-carotene in wheat accessions necessitating alternative strategies for provitamin A biofortification. Lycopene ɛ-cyclase (LCYe) and β-carotene hydroxylase (HYD) function in diverting carbons from β-carotene to lutein biosynthesis and catalyzing the turnover of β-carotene to xanthophylls, respectively. However, the contribution of LCYe and HYD gene homoeologs to carotenoid metabolism and how they can be manipulated to increase β-carotene in tetraploid wheat endosperm (flour) is currently unclear. We isolated loss-of-function Targeting Induced Local Lesions in Genomes (TILLING) mutants of LCYe and HYD2 homoeologs and generated higher order mutant combinations of lcye-A, lcye-B, hyd-A2, and hyd-B2. Hyd-A2 hyd-B2, lcye-A hyd-A2 hyd-B2, lcye-B hyd-A2 hyd-B2, and lcye-A lcye-B hyd-A2 hyd-B2 achieved significantly increased β-carotene in endosperm, with lcye-A hyd-A2 hyd-B2 exhibiting comparable photosynthetic performance and light response to control plants. Comparative analysis of carotenoid profiles suggests that eliminating HYD2 homoeologs is sufficient to prevent β-carotene conversion to xanthophylls in the endosperm without compromising xanthophyll production in leaves, and that β-carotene and its derived xanthophylls are likely subject to differential catalysis mechanisms in vegetative tissues and grains. Carotenoid and gene expression analyses also suggest that the very low LCYe-B expression in endosperm is adequate for lutein production in the absence of LCYe-A. These results demonstrate the success of provitamin A biofortification using TILLING mutants while also providing a roadmap for guiding a gene editing-based approach in hexaploid wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Yu
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCAUSA
| | - Michelle Li
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCAUSA
- Present address:
Codexis Inc.Redwood CityCAUSA
| | - Jorge Dubcovsky
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCAUSA
| | - Li Tian
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCAUSA
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34
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Dong C, Qu G, Guo J, Wei F, Gao S, Sun Z, Jin L, Sun X, Rochaix JD, Miao Y, Wang R. Rational design of geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase enhances carotenoid production and improves photosynthetic efficiency in Nicotiana tabacum. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2022; 67:315-327. [PMID: 36546080 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2021.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Restricted genetic diversity can supply only a limited number of elite genes for modern plant cultivation and transgenesis. In this study, we demonstrate that rational design enables the engineering of geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (NtGGPPS), an enzyme of the methylerythritol phosphate pathway (MEP) in the model plant Nicotiana tabacum. As the crucial bottleneck in carotenoid biosynthesis, NtGGPPS1 interacts with phytoene synthase (NtPSY1) to channel GGPP into the production of carotenoids. Loss of this enzyme in the ntggpps1 mutant leads to decreased carotenoid accumulation. With the aim of enhancing NtGGPPS1 activity, we undertook structure-guided rational redesign of its substrate binding pocket in combination with sequence alignment. The activity of the designed NtGGPPS1 (a pentuple mutant of five sites V154A/I161L/F218Y/I209S/V233E, d-NtGGPPS1) was measured by a high-throughput colorimetric assay. d-NtGGPPS1 exhibited significantly higher conversion of IPP and each co-substrate (DMAPP ~1995.5-fold, GPP ~25.9-fold, and FPP ~16.7-fold) for GGPP synthesis compared with wild-type NtGGPPS1. Importantly, the transient and stable expression of d-NtGGPPS1 in the ntggpps1 mutant increased carotenoid levels in leaves, improved photosynthetic efficiency, and increased biomass relative to NtGGPPS1. These findings provide a firm basis for the engineering of GGPPS and will facilitate the development of quality and yield traits. Our results open the door for the structure-guided rational design of elite genes in higher plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Dong
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China; College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Ge Qu
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Jinggong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Fang Wei
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Shuwen Gao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Zhoutong Sun
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Lifeng Jin
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xuwu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Jean-David Rochaix
- Departments of Molecular Biology and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Yuchen Miao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China.
| | - Ran Wang
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute, Zhengzhou 450001, China; School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
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35
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Kabir MT, Rahman MH, Shah M, Jamiruddin MR, Basak D, Al-Harrasi A, Bhatia S, Ashraf GM, Najda A, El-Kott AF, Mohamed HRH, Al-Malky HS, Germoush MO, Altyar AE, Alwafai EB, Ghaboura N, Abdel-Daim MM. Therapeutic promise of carotenoids as antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents in neurodegenerative disorders. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 146:112610. [PMID: 35062074 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders (NDs) including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease, and multiple sclerosis have various disease-specific causal factors and pathological features. A very common characteristic of NDs is oxidative stress (OS), which takes place due to the elevated generation of reactive oxygen species during the progression of NDs. Furthermore, the pathological condition of NDs including an increased level of protein aggregates can further lead to chronic inflammation because of the microglial activation. Carotenoids (CTs) are naturally occurring pigments that play a significant role in averting brain disorders. More than 750 CTs are present in nature, and they are widely available in plants, microorganisms, and animals. CTs are accountable for the red, yellow, and orange pigments in several animals and plants, and these colors usually indicate various types of CTs. CTs exert various bioactive properties because of its characteristic structure, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Due to the protective properties of CTs, levels of CTs in the human body have been markedly linked with the prevention and treatment of multiple diseases including NDs. In this review, we have summarized the relationship between OS, neuroinflammation, and NDs. In addition, we have also particularly focused on the antioxidants and anti-inflammatory properties of CTs in the management of NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Tanvir Kabir
- Department of Pharmacy, Brac University, 66 Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Md Habibur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Banani, Dhaka 1213, Bangladesh; Department of Global Medical Science, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Gangwon-do, South Korea.
| | - Muddaser Shah
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | | | - Debasish Basak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Larkin University, Miami, FL 33169, United States
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, 616 Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Saurabh Bhatia
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, 616 Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, Oman; School of Health Science, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Prem Nagar, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248007, India
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Agnieszka Najda
- Department of Vegetable and Herbal Crops, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 50A Doświadczalna Street, 20-280 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Attalla F El-Kott
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia; Zoology Department, College of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt
| | - Hanan R H Mohamed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Hamdan S Al-Malky
- Regional Drug Information Center, Ministry of Health, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mousa O Germoush
- Biology Department, College of Science, Jouf University, P.O. Box: 2014, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed E Altyar
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80260, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Esraa B Alwafai
- Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, P.O. Box 6231, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nehmat Ghaboura
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, P.O. Box 6231, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed M Abdel-Daim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, P.O. Box 6231, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia; Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt.
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36
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Sun T, Rao S, Zhou X, Li L. Plant carotenoids: recent advances and future perspectives. MOLECULAR HORTICULTURE 2022; 2:3. [PMID: 37789426 PMCID: PMC10515021 DOI: 10.1186/s43897-022-00023-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids are isoprenoid metabolites synthesized de novo in all photosynthetic organisms. Carotenoids are essential for plants with diverse functions in photosynthesis, photoprotection, pigmentation, phytohormone synthesis, and signaling. They are also critically important for humans as precursors of vitamin A synthesis and as dietary antioxidants. The vital roles of carotenoids to plants and humans have prompted significant progress toward our understanding of carotenoid metabolism and regulation. New regulators and novel roles of carotenoid metabolites are continuously revealed. This review focuses on current status of carotenoid metabolism and highlights recent advances in comprehension of the intrinsic and multi-dimensional regulation of carotenoid accumulation. We also discuss the functional evolution of carotenoids, the agricultural and horticultural application, and some key areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhu Sun
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Sombir Rao
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Xuesong Zhou
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Li Li
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
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Revilla P, Alves ML, Andelković V, Balconi C, Dinis I, Mendes-Moreira P, Redaelli R, Ruiz de Galarreta JI, Vaz Patto MC, Žilić S, Malvar RA. Traditional Foods From Maize ( Zea mays L.) in Europe. Front Nutr 2022; 8:683399. [PMID: 35071287 PMCID: PMC8780548 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.683399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the major crops of the world for feed, food, and industrial uses. It was originated in Central America and introduced into Europe and other continents after Columbus trips at the end of the 15th century. Due to the large adaptability of maize, farmers have originated a wide variability of genetic resources with wide diversity of adaptation, characteristics, and uses. Nowadays, in Europe, maize is mainly used for feed, but several food specialties were originated during these five centuries of maize history and became traditional food specialties. This review summarizes the state of the art of traditional foodstuffs made with maize in Southern, South-Western and South-Eastern Europe, from an historic evolution to the last research activities that focus on improving sustainability, quality and safety of food production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Revilla
- Department of Plant Production, Misión Biológica de Galicia (CSIC), Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Mara Lisa Alves
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Violeta Andelković
- Department of Genebank, Maize Research Institute Zemun Polje, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Carlotta Balconi
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Isabel Dinis
- Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra, Escola Superior Agrária, Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Rita Redaelli
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Jose Ignacio Ruiz de Galarreta
- Department of Plant Production, NEIKER-Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Vitoria, Spain
| | - Maria Carlota Vaz Patto
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Sladana Žilić
- Department Food Technology and Biochemistry, Maize Research Institute Zemun Polje, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Rosa Ana Malvar
- Department of Plant Production, Misión Biológica de Galicia (CSIC), Pontevedra, Spain
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Understanding carotenoid biosynthetic pathway control points using metabolomic analysis and natural genetic variation. Methods Enzymol 2022; 671:127-151. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2022.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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39
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Carotenoid extraction, detection, and analysis in citrus. Methods Enzymol 2022; 670:179-212. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2022.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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40
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Rodríguez-Suárez C, Requena-Ramírez MD, Hornero-Méndez D, Atienza SG. The breeder's tool-box for enhancing the content of esterified carotenoids in wheat: From extraction and profiling of carotenoids to marker-assisted selection of candidate genes. Methods Enzymol 2022; 671:99-125. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2021.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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41
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Assessment of dietary carotenoid intake and biologic measurement of exposure in humans. Methods Enzymol 2022; 674:255-295. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2022.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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42
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Zhu K, Zheng X, Ye J, Huang Y, Chen H, Mei X, Xie Z, Cao L, Zeng Y, Larkin RM, Xu Q, Perez-Roman E, Talón M, Zumajo-Cardona C, Wurtzel ET, Deng X. Regulation of carotenoid and chlorophyll pools in hesperidia, anatomically unique fruits found only in Citrus. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:829-845. [PMID: 34608960 PMCID: PMC8491056 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Domesticated citrus varieties are woody perennials and interspecific hybrid crops of global economic and nutritional importance. The citrus fruit "hesperidium" is a unique morphological innovation not found in any other plant lineage. Efforts to improve the nutritional quality of the fruit are predicated on understanding the underlying regulatory mechanisms responsible for fruit development, including temporal control of chlorophyll degradation and carotenoid biosynthesis. Here, we investigated the molecular basis of the navel orange (Citrus sinensis) brown flavedo mutation, which conditions flavedo that is brown instead of orange. To overcome the limitations of using traditional genetic approaches in citrus and other woody perennials, we developed a strategy to elucidate the underlying genetic lesion. We used a multi-omics approach to collect data from several genetic sources and plant chimeras to successfully decipher this mutation. The multi-omics strategy applied here will be valuable in driving future gene discovery efforts in citrus as well as in other woody perennial plants. The comparison of transcriptomic and genomic data from multiple genotypes and plant sectors revealed an underlying lesion in the gene encoding STAY-GREEN (SGR) protein, which simultaneously regulates carotenoid biosynthesis and chlorophyll degradation. However, unlike SGR of other plant species, we found that the carotenoid and chlorophyll regulatory activities could be uncoupled in the case of certain SGR alleles in citrus and thus we propose a model for the molecular mechanism underlying the brown flavedo phenotype. The economic and nutritional value of citrus makes these findings of wide interest. The strategy implemented, and the results obtained, constitute an advance for agro-industry by driving opportunities for citrus crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaijie Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of MOE (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehman College, The City University of New York, 250 Bedford Park Blvd. West, Bronx, New York 10468, USA
| | - Xiongjie Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of MOE (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Junli Ye
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of MOE (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Yue Huang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of MOE (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Hongyan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of MOE (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Xuehan Mei
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of MOE (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Zongzhou Xie
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of MOE (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Lixin Cao
- Citrus Variety Propagation Centre in Zigui County, Yichang, Hubei 443600, China
| | - Yunliu Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of MOE (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Robert M. Larkin
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of MOE (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of MOE (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Estela Perez-Roman
- Centro de Genomica, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, Moncada, Valencia, Spain
| | - Manuel Talón
- Centro de Genomica, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, Moncada, Valencia, Spain
| | - Cecilia Zumajo-Cardona
- The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, New York, New York 10016-4309, USA
- The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York 10458, USA
| | - Eleanore T. Wurtzel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehman College, The City University of New York, 250 Bedford Park Blvd. West, Bronx, New York 10468, USA
- The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, New York, New York 10016-4309, USA
| | - Xiuxin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of MOE (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
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Sushree Shyamli P, Rana S, Suranjika S, Muthamilarasan M, Parida A, Prasad M. Genetic determinants of micronutrient traits in graminaceous crops to combat hidden hunger. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2021; 134:3147-3165. [PMID: 34091694 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-021-03878-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Improving the nutritional content of graminaceous crops is imperative to ensure nutritional security, wherein omics approaches play pivotal roles in dissecting this complex trait and contributing to trait improvement. Micronutrients regulate the metabolic processes to ensure the normal functioning of the biological system in all living organisms. Micronutrient deficiency, thereby, can be detrimental that can result in serious health issues. Grains of graminaceous crops serve as an important source of micronutrients to the human population; however, the rise in hidden hunger and malnutrition indicates an insufficiency in meeting the nutritional requirements. Improving the elemental composition and nutritional value of the graminaceous crops using conventional and biotechnological approaches is imperative to address this issue. Identifying the genetic determinants underlying the micronutrient biosynthesis and accumulation is the first step toward achieving this goal. Genetic and genomic dissection of this complex trait has been accomplished in major cereals, and several genes, alleles, and QTLs underlying grain micronutrient content were identified and characterized. However, no comprehensive study has been reported on minor cereals such as small millets, which are rich in micronutrients and other bioactive compounds. A comparative narrative on the reports available in major and minor Graminaceae species will illustrate the knowledge gained from studying the micronutrient traits in major cereals and provides a roadmap for dissecting this trait in other minor species, including millets. In this context, this review explains the progress made in studying micronutrient traits in major cereals and millets using omics approaches. Moreover, it provides insights into deploying integrated omics approaches and strategies for genetic improvement in micronutrient traits in graminaceous crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Sushree Shyamli
- Institute of Life Sciences, NALCO Square, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751023, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, National Capital Region Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana (NCR Delhi), 121001, India
| | - Sumi Rana
- Repository of Tomato Genomics Resources, Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500046, India
| | - Sandhya Suranjika
- Institute of Life Sciences, NALCO Square, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751023, India
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Mehanathan Muthamilarasan
- Repository of Tomato Genomics Resources, Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500046, India
| | - Ajay Parida
- Institute of Life Sciences, NALCO Square, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751023, India.
| | - Manoj Prasad
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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Langston FMA, Nash GR, Bows JR. The retention and bioavailability of phytochemicals in the manufacturing of baked snacks. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:2141-2177. [PMID: 34529547 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1971944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing body of evidence supporting the role that phytochemicals play in reducing the risk of various chronic diseases. Although there has been a rise in health products marketed as being "supergrains," "superfood," or advertising their abundance in antioxidants, these food items are often limited to powdered blends, dried fruit, nuts, or seeds, rarely intercepting the market of baked snacks. This is in part due to the still limited understanding of the impact that different industrial processes have on phytochemicals in a complex food matrix and their corresponding bioavailability. This review brings together the current data on how various industrial dehydration processes influence the retention and bioaccessibility of phytochemicals in baked snacks. It considers the interplay of molecules in an intricate snack matrix, limitations of conventional technologies, and constraints with consumer acceptance preventing wider utilization of novel technologies. Furthermore, the review takes a holistic approach, encompassing each stage of production-discussing the potential for inclusion of by-products to promote a circular economy and the proposal for a shift in agriculture toward biofortification or tailored growing of crops for their nutritional and post-harvest attributes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faye M A Langston
- Natural Sciences, Streatham Campus, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Geoff R Nash
- Natural Sciences, Streatham Campus, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
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Virk PS, Andersson MS, Arcos J, Govindaraj M, Pfeiffer WH. Transition From Targeted Breeding to Mainstreaming of Biofortification Traits in Crop Improvement Programs. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:703990. [PMID: 34594348 PMCID: PMC8477801 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.703990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biofortification breeding for three important micronutrients for human health, namely, iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), and provitamin A (PVA), has gained momentum in recent years. HarvestPlus, along with its global consortium partners, enhances Fe, Zn, and PVA in staple crops. The strategic and applied research by HarvestPlus is driven by product-based impact pathway that integrates crop breeding, nutrition research, impact assessment, advocacy, and communication to implement country-specific crop delivery plans. Targeted breeding has resulted in 393 biofortified crop varieties by the end of 2020, which have been released or are in testing in 63 countries, potentially benefitting more than 48 million people. Nevertheless, to reach more than a billion people by 2030, future breeding lines that are being distributed by Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) centers and submitted by National Agricultural Research System (NARS) to varietal release committees should be biofortified. It is envisaged that the mainstreaming of biofortification traits will be driven by high-throughput micronutrient phenotyping, genomic selection coupled with speed breeding for accelerating genetic gains. It is noteworthy that targeted breeding gradually leads to mainstreaming, as the latter capitalizes on the progress made in the former. Efficacy studies have revealed the nutritional significance of Fe, Zn, and PVA biofortified varieties over non-biofortified ones. Mainstreaming will ensure the integration of biofortified traits into competitive varieties and hybrids developed by private and public sectors. The mainstreaming strategy has just been initiated in select CGIAR centers, namely, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), and International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT). This review will present the key successes of targeted breeding and its relevance to the mainstreaming approaches to achieve scaling of biofortification to billions sustainably.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parminder S. Virk
- HarvestPlus, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), Washington, DC, United States
- Alliance of Bioversity International and the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Cali, Colombia
| | - Meike S. Andersson
- HarvestPlus, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), Washington, DC, United States
- Alliance of Bioversity International and the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Cali, Colombia
| | - Jairo Arcos
- HarvestPlus, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), Washington, DC, United States
- Alliance of Bioversity International and the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Cali, Colombia
| | - Mahalingam Govindaraj
- HarvestPlus, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), Washington, DC, United States
- Alliance of Bioversity International and the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Cali, Colombia
- Crop Improvement, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, India
| | - Wolfgang H. Pfeiffer
- HarvestPlus, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), Washington, DC, United States
- Alliance of Bioversity International and the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Cali, Colombia
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Jo SH, Park HJ, Lee A, Jung H, Min SR, Lee HJ, Kim HS, Jung M, Hyun JY, Kim YS, Cho HS. A single amino acid insertion in LCYB2 deflects carotenoid biosynthesis in red carrot. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 40:1793-1795. [PMID: 34268606 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02741-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Seung Hee Jo
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Korea
- Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Korea
| | - Hyun Ji Park
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Areum Lee
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Korea
- Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Korea
| | - Haemyeong Jung
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Korea
- Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Korea
| | - Sung Ran Min
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Hyo-Jun Lee
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Korea
| | - Hyun-Soon Kim
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Korea
- Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Korea
| | - Min Jung
- Department of Biotechnology, NongWoo Bio, Anseong, 17558, Korea
| | - Ji Young Hyun
- Department of Biotechnology, NongWoo Bio, Anseong, 17558, Korea
| | - Youn-Sung Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, NongWoo Bio, Anseong, 17558, Korea.
| | - Hye Sun Cho
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Korea.
- Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Korea.
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Xu X, Lu X, Tang Z, Zhang X, Lei F, Hou L, Li M. Combined analysis of carotenoid metabolites and the transcriptome to reveal the molecular mechanism underlying fruit colouration in zucchini ( Cucurbita pepo L.). FOOD CHEMISTRY. MOLECULAR SCIENCES 2021; 2:100021. [PMID: 35415627 PMCID: PMC8991947 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochms.2021.100021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
14 Carotenoids were detected and quantified in three Zucchini fruits by LC-MS/MS. Plenty Lutein and less Chlorophyll were identified in yellow and orange fruits. A total of 664 DEGs were identified by transcriptome analysis. Hub DEGs related to Chlorophyll and Carotenoids were associated by WGCNA. A model of gene regulatory network was proposed for Zucchini peel coloration.
To reveal the molecular mechanism underlying peel colouration, carotenoid metabolites and the transcriptome were jointly analysed in zucchini peels with three different colours: light green (Lg), yellow (Y), and orange (O). Our results showed that the carotenoid levels in O (157.075 μg/g) and Y (22.734 μg/g) were both significantly higher than in Lg (7.435 μg/g), while the chlorophyll content was highest in Lg (32.326 μg/g), followed by O (7.294 μg/g) and Y (4.617 μg/g). A total of 14 carotenoids were detected in zucchini peels, primarily lutein (103.167 μg/g in Lg, 509.667 μg/g in Y, and 1543.333 μg/g in O). In particular, significant accumulation of antheraxanthin, zeaxanthin, neoxanthin, and β-cryptoxanthin was first reported in orange zucchini in this study. Furthermore, two modules with hub genes related to carotenoid or chlorophyll content were identified through weighted gene coexpression network analysis. Additionally, the transcription level of some hub genes (PIF4, APRR2, bHLH128, ERF4, PSY1, LCYE2, and RCCR3) was highly correlated with pigment content in the peel, which may be responsible for carotenoid accumulation and chlorophyll degradation in the Y and O varieties. Taken together, the results obtained in this study help to provide a novel mechanism underlying peel colouration in zucchini.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyong Xu
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Improving Quality and Increasing Profits of Protected Vegetables in Shanxi Province, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Xiaonan Lu
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Improving Quality and Increasing Profits of Protected Vegetables in Shanxi Province, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Zhongli Tang
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Improving Quality and Increasing Profits of Protected Vegetables in Shanxi Province, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Xiaoning Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Improving Quality and Increasing Profits of Protected Vegetables in Shanxi Province, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Fengjin Lei
- Institute of Cotton, Shanxi Agricultural University, Yuncheng, Shanxi 044000, China
| | - Leiping Hou
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Improving Quality and Increasing Profits of Protected Vegetables in Shanxi Province, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Meilan Li
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Improving Quality and Increasing Profits of Protected Vegetables in Shanxi Province, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
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Marker based enrichment of provitamin A content in two tropical maize synthetics. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14998. [PMID: 34294860 PMCID: PMC8298388 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94586-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Most of the maize (Zea mays L.) varieties in developing countries have low content of micronutrients including vitamin A. As a result, people who are largely dependent on cereal-based diets suffer from health challenges due to micronutrient deficiencies. Marker assisted recurrent selection (MARS), which increases the frequency of favorable alleles with advances in selection cycle, could be used to enhance the provitamin A (PVA) content of maize. This study was carried out to determine changes in levels of PVA carotenoids and genetic diversity in two maize synthetics that were subjected to two cycles of MARS. The two populations, known as HGA and HGB, and their advanced selection cycles (C1 and C2) were evaluated at Ibadan in Nigeria. Selection increased the concentrations of β-carotene, PVA and total carotenoids across cycles in HGA, while in HGB only α-carotene increased with advances in selection cycle. β-cryptoxanthine increased at C1 but decreased at C2 in HGB. The levels of β-carotene, PVA, and total carotenoids increased by 40%, 30% and 36% respectively, in HGA after two cycles of selection. α-carotene and β-cryptoxanthine content improved by 20% and 5%, respectively after two cycles of selection in HGB. MARS caused changes in genetic diversity over selection cycles. Number of effective alleles and observed heterozygosity decreased with selection cycles, while expected heterozygosity increased at C1 and decreased at C2 in HGA. In HGB, number of effective alleles, observed and expected heterozygosity increased at C1 and decreased at C2. In both populations, fixation index increased after two cycle of selections. The greatest part of the genetic variability resides within the population accounting for 86% of the total genetic variance. In general, MARS effectively improved PVA carotenoid content. However, genetic diversity in the two synthetics declined after two cycles of selection.
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Das AK, Gowda MM, Muthusamy V, Zunjare RU, Chauhan HS, Baveja A, Bhatt V, Chand G, Bhat JS, Guleria SK, Saha S, Gupta HS, Hossain F. Development of Maize Hybrids With Enhanced Vitamin-E, Vitamin-A, Lysine, and Tryptophan Through Molecular Breeding. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:659381. [PMID: 34367197 PMCID: PMC8335160 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.659381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Malnutrition is a widespread problem that affects human health, society, and the economy. Traditional maize that serves as an important source of human nutrition is deficient in vitamin-E, vitamin-A, lysine, and tryptophan. Here, favorable alleles of vte4 (α-tocopherol methyl transferase), crtRB1 (β-carotene hydroxylase), lcyE (lycopene ε-cyclase), and o2 (opaque2) genes were combined in parental lines of four popular hybrids using marker-assisted selection (MAS). BC1F1, BC2F1, and BC2F2 populations were genotyped using gene-based markers of vte4, crtRB1, lcyE, and o2. Background selection using 81-103 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) markers led to the recovery of recurrent parent genome (RPG) up to 95.45%. Alpha (α)-tocopherol was significantly enhanced among introgressed progenies (16.13 μg/g) as compared to original inbreds (7.90 μg/g). Provitamin-A (proA) (10.42 μg/g), lysine (0.352%), and tryptophan (0.086%) were also high in the introgressed progenies. The reconstituted hybrids showed a 2-fold enhancement in α-tocopherol (16.83 μg/g) over original hybrids (8.06 μg/g). Improved hybrids also possessed high proA (11.48 μg/g), lysine (0.367%), and tryptophan (0.084%) when compared with traditional hybrids. The reconstituted hybrids recorded the mean grain yield of 8,066 kg/ha, which was at par with original hybrids (mean: 7,846 kg/ha). The MAS-derived genotypes resembled their corresponding original hybrids for the majority of agronomic and yield-related traits, besides characteristics related to distinctness, uniformity, and stability (DUS). This is the first report for the development of maize with enhanced vitamin-E, vitamin-A, lysine, and tryptophan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit K. Das
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Munegowda M. Gowda
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Vignesh Muthusamy
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajkumar U. Zunjare
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Hema S. Chauhan
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Aanchal Baveja
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Vinay Bhatt
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Gulab Chand
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Jayant S. Bhat
- Division of Genetics, IARI-Regional Research Centre, Dharwad, India
| | - Satish K. Guleria
- Plant Breeding, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Bajaura, India
| | - Supradip Saha
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Hari S. Gupta
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Firoz Hossain
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
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Medeiros DB, Brotman Y, Fernie AR. The utility of metabolomics as a tool to inform maize biology. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2021; 2:100187. [PMID: 34327322 PMCID: PMC8299083 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2021.100187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
With the rise of high-throughput omics tools and the importance of maize and its products as food and bioethanol, maize metabolism has been extensively explored. Modern maize is still rich in genetic and phenotypic variation, yielding a wide range of structurally and functionally diverse metabolites. The maize metabolome is also incredibly dynamic in terms of topology and subcellular compartmentalization. In this review, we examine a broad range of studies that cover recent developments in maize metabolism. Particular attention is given to current methodologies and to the use of metabolomics as a tool to define biosynthetic pathways and address biological questions. We also touch upon the use of metabolomics to understand maize natural variation and evolution, with a special focus on research that has used metabolite-based genome-wide association studies (mGWASs).
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Affiliation(s)
- David B. Medeiros
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Yariv Brotman
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheva, Israel
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