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Zhang NJ, Lin JX, Chichinadze DV, Wang Y, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Fu L, Li JIA. Angle-resolved transport non-reciprocity and spontaneous symmetry breaking in twisted trilayer graphene. Nat Mater 2024; 23:356-362. [PMID: 38388731 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-024-01809-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
The identification and characterization of spontaneous symmetry breaking is central to our understanding of strongly correlated two-dimensional materials. In this work, we utilize the angle-resolved measurements of transport non-reciprocity to investigate spontaneous symmetry breaking in twisted trilayer graphene. By analysing the angular dependence of non-reciprocity in both longitudinal and transverse channels, we are able to identify the symmetry axis associated with the underlying electronic order. We report that a hysteretic rotation in the mirror axis can be induced by thermal cycles and a large current bias, supporting the spontaneous breaking of rotational symmetry. Moreover, the onset of non-reciprocity with decreasing temperature coincides with the emergence of orbital ferromagnetism. Combined with the angular dependence of the superconducting diode effect, our findings uncover a direct link between rotational and time-reversal symmetry breaking. These symmetry requirements point towards exchange-driven instabilities in momentum space as a possible origin for transport non-reciprocity in twisted trilayer graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jiang-Xiazi Lin
- Department of Physics, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | | | - Yibang Wang
- Department of Physics, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Liang Fu
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - J I A Li
- Department of Physics, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
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2
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Feng Y, Lou J, Chen Y. Superconducting and charge-ordered states in the anisotropic t-J-U model. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1416. [PMID: 38228755 PMCID: PMC10792048 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51829-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Motivated by the effect of symmetry breaking in cuprates superconductors YBa[Formula: see text]Cu[Formula: see text]O[Formula: see text], we employ the renormalized mean-field theory to study the presence of uniform superconducting and charge-ordered states in two anisotropic t-J-U models, either with hopping strength anisotropy or antiferromagnetic interaction anisotropy. In the case of uniform superconducting state, compared with the isotropic t-J-U model with only [Formula: see text]-wave superconducting state, there is an additional s-wave superconducting state in the model with hopping strength anisotropy. Meanwhile, the hopping anisotropy may enhance the critical Coulomb interaction [Formula: see text] at the Mott insulator to the Gossamer superconductor transition point, and strong hopping anisotropy may weaken the superconducting state. In the case of a charge-ordered state, hopping anisotropy may suppress the amplitude of the charge density waves and pair density waves, which originate from local Coulomb interactions. These results indicate that the effects of hopping anisotropy and local Coulomb interactions are competitive. Moreover, the antiferromagnetic interaction anisotropy only weakly suppresses the superconducting gap and density wave amplitude. Our results show that the t-J-U model with hopping anisotropy is qualitatively consistent with experimental superconducting pair symmetry and charge density waves in the YBa[Formula: see text]Cu[Formula: see text]O[Formula: see text] system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Feng
- Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jie Lou
- Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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3
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Choi J, Li J, Nag A, Pelliciari J, Robarts H, Tam CC, Walters A, Agrestini S, García-Fernández M, Song D, Eisaki H, Johnston S, Comin R, Ding H, Zhou KJ. Universal Stripe Symmetry of Short-Range Charge Density Waves in Cuprate Superconductors. Adv Mater 2024; 36:e2307515. [PMID: 37830432 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202307515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
The omnipresence of charge density waves (CDWs) across almost all cuprate families underpins a common organizing principle. However, a longstanding debate of whether its spatial symmetry is stripe or checkerboard remains unresolved. While CDWs in lanthanum- and yttrium-based cuprates possess a stripe symmetry, distinguishing these two scenarios is challenging for the short-range CDW in bismuth-based cuprates. Here, high-resolution resonant inelastic x-ray scattering is employed to uncover the spatial symmetry of the CDW in Bi2 Sr2 - x Lax CuO6 + δ . Across a wide range of doping and temperature, anisotropic CDW peaks with elliptical shapes are found in reciprocal space. Based on Fourier transform analysis of real-space models, the results are interpreted as evidence of unidirectional charge stripes, hosted by mutually 90°-rotated anisotropic domains. This work paves the way for a unified symmetry and microscopic description of CDW order in cuprates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaewon Choi
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Jiemin Li
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0DE, UK
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Abhishek Nag
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Jonathan Pelliciari
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Hannah Robarts
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0DE, UK
- H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TL, UK
| | - Charles C Tam
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0DE, UK
- H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TL, UK
| | - Andrew Walters
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Stefano Agrestini
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0DE, UK
| | | | - Dongjoon Song
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8560, Japan
- Stewart Blusson Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Hiroshi Eisaki
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8560, Japan
| | - Steve Johnston
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Manufacturing, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Riccardo Comin
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Hong Ding
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100190, China
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute & School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Ke-Jin Zhou
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0DE, UK
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4
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Nethwewala A, Lee H, Li J, Briggeman M, Pai YY, Eom K, Eom CB, Irvin P, Levy J. Electron pairing and nematicity in LaAlO 3/SrTiO 3 nanostructures. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7657. [PMID: 37996464 PMCID: PMC10667274 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43539-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Strongly correlated electronic systems exhibit a wealth of unconventional behavior stemming from strong electron-electron interactions. The LaAlO3/SrTiO3 (LAO/STO) heterostructure supports rich and varied low-temperature transport characteristics including low-density superconductivity, and electron pairing without superconductivity for which the microscopic origins is still not understood. LAO/STO also exhibits inexplicable signatures of electronic nematicity via nonlinear and anomalous Hall effects. Nanoscale control over the conductivity of the LAO/STO interface enables mesoscopic experiments that can probe these effects and address their microscopic origins. Here we report a direct correlation between electron pairing without superconductivity, anomalous Hall effect and electronic nematicity in quasi-1D ballistic nanoscale LAO/STO Hall crosses. The characteristic magnetic field at which the Hall coefficient changes directly coincides with the depairing of non-superconducting pairs showing a strong correlation between the two distinct phenomena. Angle-dependent Hall measurements further reveal an onset of electronic nematicity that again coincides with the electron pairing transition, unveiling a rotational symmetry breaking due to the transition from paired to unpaired phases at the interface. The results presented here highlights the influence of preformed electron pairs on the transport properties of LAO/STO and provide evidence of the elusive pairing "glue" that gives rise to electron pairing in SrTiO3-based systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Nethwewala
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
- Pittsburgh Quantum Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Hyungwoo Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Jianan Li
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
- Pittsburgh Quantum Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Megan Briggeman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
- Pittsburgh Quantum Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Yun-Yi Pai
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
- Pittsburgh Quantum Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Kitae Eom
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Chang-Beom Eom
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Patrick Irvin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
- Pittsburgh Quantum Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Jeremy Levy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA.
- Pittsburgh Quantum Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA.
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA.
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5
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Xiao Z, Kawabata K, Luo X, Ohtsuki T, Shindou R. Anisotropic Topological Anderson Transitions in Chiral Symmetry Classes. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 131:056301. [PMID: 37595207 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.056301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
We study quantum phase transitions of three-dimensional disordered systems in the chiral classes (AIII and BDI) with and without weak topological indices. We show that the systems with a nontrivial weak topological index universally exhibit an emergent thermodynamic phase where wave functions are delocalized along one spatial direction but exponentially localized in the other two spatial directions, which we call the quasilocalized phase. Our extensive numerical study clarifies that the critical exponent of the Anderson transition between the metallic and quasilocalized phases, as well as that between the quasilocalized and localized phases, are different from that with no weak topological index, signaling the new universality classes induced by topology. The quasilocalized phase and concomitant topological Anderson transition manifest themselves in the anisotropic transport phenomena of disordered weak topological insulators and nodal-line semimetals, which exhibit the metallic behavior in one direction but the insulating behavior in the other directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Xiao
- International Center for Quantum Materials, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Kohei Kawabata
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
- Institute for Solid State Physics, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - Xunlong Luo
- Science and Technology on Surface Physics and Chemistry Laboratory, Mianyang 621907, China
| | - Tomi Ohtsuki
- Physics Division, Sophia University, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8554, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Shindou
- International Center for Quantum Materials, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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6
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Wårdh J, Granath M, Wu J, Bollinger AT, He X, Božović I. Colossal transverse magnetoresistance due to nematic superconducting phase fluctuations in a copper oxide. PNAS Nexus 2023; 2:pgad255. [PMID: 37601309 PMCID: PMC10438889 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Electronic anisotropy ("nematicity") has been detected in cuprate superconductors by various experimental techniques. Using angle-resolved transverse resistance (ARTR) measurements, a very sensitive and background-free technique that can detect 0.5% anisotropy in transport, we have observed it also in La2-xSrxCuO4 (LSCO) for 0.02 ≤ x ≤ 0.25. A central enigma in LSCO is the rotation of the nematic director (orientation of the largest longitudinal resistance) with temperature; this has not been seen before in any material. Here, we address this puzzle by measuring the angle-resolved transverse magnetoresistance (ARTMR) in LSCO. We report the discovery of colossal transverse magnetoresistance (CTMR)-an order-of-magnitude drop in the transverse resistivity in the magnetic field of 6 T. We show that the apparent rotation of the nematic director is caused by anisotropic superconducting fluctuations, which are not aligned with the normal electron fluid, consistent with coexisting bond-aligned and diagonal nematic orders. We quantify this by modeling the (magneto-)conductivity as a sum of normal (Drude) and paraconducting (Aslamazov-Larkin) channels but extended to contain anisotropic Drude and Cooper-pair effective mass tensors. Strikingly, the anisotropy of Cooper-pair stiffness is much larger than that of the normal electrons. It grows dramatically on the underdoped side, where the fluctuations become quasi-one-dimensional. Our analysis is general rather than model dependent. Still, we discuss some candidate microscopic models, including coupled strongly-correlated ladders where the transverse (interladder) phase stiffness is low compared with the longitudinal intraladder stiffness, as well as the anisotropic superconducting fluctuations expected close to the transition to a pair-density wave state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonatan Wårdh
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mats Granath
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jie Wu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
- Present address: School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Xi He
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Ivan Božović
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
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7
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Singh A, Huang HY, Xie JD, Okamoto J, Chen CT, Watanabe T, Fujimori A, Imada M, Huang DJ. Unconventional exciton evolution from the pseudogap to superconducting phases in cuprates. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7906. [PMID: 36550120 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35210-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Electron quasiparticles play a crucial role in simplifying the description of many-body physics in solids with surprising success. Conventional Landau's Fermi-liquid and quasiparticle theories for high-temperature superconducting cuprates have, however, received skepticism from various angles. A path-breaking framework of electron fractionalization has been established to replace the Fermi-liquid theory for systems that show the fractional quantum Hall effect and the Mott insulating phenomena; whether it captures the essential physics of the pseudogap and superconducting phases of cuprates is still an open issue. Here, we show that excitonic excitation of optimally doped Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ with energy far above the superconducting-gap energy scale, about 1 eV or even higher, is unusually enhanced by the onset of superconductivity. Our finding proves the involvement of such high-energy excitons in superconductivity. Therefore, the observed enhancement in the spectral weight of excitons imposes a crucial constraint on theories for the pseudogap and superconducting mechanisms. A simple two-component fermion model which embodies electron fractionalization in the pseudogap state provides a possible mechanism of this enhancement, pointing toward a novel route for understanding the electronic structure of superconducting cuprates.
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8
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Xie T, Liu Z, Gu Y, Gong D, Mao H, Liu J, Hu C, Ma X, Yao Y, Zhao L, Zhou X, Schneeloch J, Gu G, Danilkin S, Yang YF, Luo H, Li S. Tracking the nematicity in cuprate superconductors: a resistivity study under uniaxial pressure. J Phys Condens Matter 2022; 34:334001. [PMID: 35671749 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac768c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Overshadowing the superconducting dome in hole-doped cuprates, the pseudogap state is still one of the mysteries that no consensus can be achieved. It has been suggested that the rotational symmetry is broken in this state and may result in a nematic phase transition, whose temperature seems to coincide with the onset temperature of the pseudogap stateT∗around optimal doping level, raising the question whether the pseudogap results from the establishment of the nematic order. Here we report results of resistivity measurements under uniaxial pressure on several hole-doped cuprates, where the normalized slope of the elastoresistivityζcan be obtained as illustrated in iron-based superconductors. The temperature dependence ofζalong particular lattice axis exhibits kink feature atTkand shows Curie-Weiss-like behavior above it, which may suggest a spontaneous nematic transition. WhileTkseems to be the same asT∗around the optimal doping and in the overdoped region, they become very different in underdoped La2-xSrxCuO4. Our results suggest that the nematic order, if indeed existing, is an electronic phase within the pseudogap state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xie
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, United States of America
| | - Zhaoyu Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhong Gu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongliang Gong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Huican Mao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Hu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Ma
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Yao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingjiang Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, People's Republic of China
| | - John Schneeloch
- Condensed Matter Physics & Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, United States of America
| | - Genda Gu
- Condensed Matter Physics & Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, United States of America
| | - Sergey Danilkin
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia
| | - Yi-Feng Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiqian Luo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiliang Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, People's Republic of China
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9
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Abstract
A review of the phenomenology and microscopy of cuprate superconductors is presented, with particular attention to universal conductance features, which reveal the existence of two electronic subsystems. The overall electronic system consists of 1 + p charges, where p is the doping. At low dopings, exactly one hole is localized per planar copper-oxygen unit, while upon increasing doping and temperature, the hole is gradually delocalized and becomes itinerant. Remarkably, the itinerant holes exhibit identical Fermi liquid character across the cuprate phase diagram. This universality enables a simple count of carrier density and yields comprehensive understanding of the key features in the normal and superconducting state. A possible superconducting mechanism is presented, compatible with the key experimental facts. The base of this mechanism is the interaction of fast Fermi liquid carriers with localized holes. A change in the microscopic nature of chemical bonding in the copper oxide planes, from ionic to covalent, is invoked to explain the phase diagram of these fascinating compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Barišić
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, 10000 Croatia
- Institute of Solid State Physics, TU Wien, Vienna, 1040 Austria
| | - D. K. Sunko
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, 10000 Croatia
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10
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Nie L, Sun K, Ma W, Song D, Zheng L, Liang Z, Wu P, Yu F, Li J, Shan M, Zhao D, Li S, Kang B, Wu Z, Zhou Y, Liu K, Xiang Z, Ying J, Wang Z, Wu T, Chen X. Charge-density-wave-driven electronic nematicity in a kagome superconductor. Nature 2022. [PMID: 35139530 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04493-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Electronic nematicity, in which rotational symmetry is spontaneously broken by electronic degree of freedom, has been demonstrated as a ubiquitous phenomenon in correlated quantum fluids including high-temperature superconductors (HTS) and quantum Hall systems1,2. More strikingly, the electronic nematicity in HTS exhibits an intriguing entanglement with superconductivity, generating complicated superconducting pairing and intertwined electronic orders. Recently, an unusual competition between superconductivity and a charge-density-wave (CDW) order has been found in AV3Sb5 (A = K, Rb, Cs) family with two-dimensional vanadium kagome nets3-8. Whether these phenomena involve electronic nematicity is still elusive. Here, we report compelling evidence for the existence of electronic nematicity in CsV3Sb5, using a combination of elastoresistance measurements, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and scanning tunnelling microscopy/spectroscopy (STM/S). The temperature-dependent elastoresistance coefficient (m11-m12) and NMR spectrum clearly demonstrate that, besides a C2 structural distortion of 2a0×2a0 supercell due to out-of-plane modulation, significant nematic fluctuations emerge immediately below the CDW transition (TCDW ~ 94 K) and finally a nematic transition occurs below Tnem ~ 35 K. STM experiment directly visualizes the C2-structure-pinned long-range nematic order below Tnem, suggesting a novel nematicity described by a three-state Potts model. Our findings unambiguously prove an intrinsic electronic nematicity in the normal state of CsV3Sb5, which sets a new paradigm for revealing the role of electronic nematicity on pairing mechanism in unconventional superconductors.
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11
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Liu Z, Wurstbauer U, Du L, West KW, Pfeiffer LN, Manfra MJ, Pinczuk A. Domain Textures in the Fractional Quantum Hall Effect. Phys Rev Lett 2022; 128:017401. [PMID: 35061454 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.017401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Impacts of domain textures on low-lying neutral excitations in the bulk of fractional quantum Hall effect (FQHE) systems are probed by resonant inelastic light scattering. We demonstrate that large domains of quantum fluids support long-wavelength neutral collective excitations with well-defined wave vector (momentum) dispersion that could be interpreted by theories for uniform phases. Access to dispersive low-lying neutral collective modes in large domains of FQHE fluids such as long wavelength magnetorotons at filling factor v=1/3 offer significant experimental access to strong electron correlation physics in the FQHE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu Liu
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Ursula Wurstbauer
- Institute of Physics, University of Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Lingjie Du
- School of Physics, and National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Ken W West
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Loren N Pfeiffer
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Michael J Manfra
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, School of Materials Engineering, and School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
- Microsoft Quantum Lab Purdue, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Aron Pinczuk
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
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12
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Sanchez JJ, Malinowski P, Mutch J, Liu J, Kim JW, Ryan PJ, Chu JH. The transport-structural correspondence across the nematic phase transition probed by elasto X-ray diffraction. Nat Mater 2021; 20:1519-1524. [PMID: 34446865 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-021-01082-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Electronic nematicity in iron pnictide materials is coupled to both the lattice and the conducting electrons, which allows both structural and transport observables to probe nematic fluctuations and the order parameter. Here we combine simultaneous transport and X-ray diffraction measurements with in-situ tunable strain (elasto X-ray diffraction) to measure the temperature dependence of the shear modulus and elastoresistivity above the nematic transition and the spontaneous orthorhombicity and resistivity anisotropy below the nematic transition, all within a single sample of Ba(Fe0.96Co0.04)2As2. The ratio of transport to structural quantities is nearly temperature independent over a 74 K range and agrees between the ordered and disordered phases. These results show that elasto X-ray diffraction is a powerful technique to probe the nemato-elastic and nemato-transport couplings, which have important implications to the nearby superconductivity. It also enables the measurement in the large strain limit, where the breakdown of the mean-field description reveals the intertwined nature of nematicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J Sanchez
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Paul Malinowski
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Joshua Mutch
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - J-W Kim
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratories, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Philip J Ryan
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratories, Lemont, IL, USA
- School of Physical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jiun-Haw Chu
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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13
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Negi D, Singh D, Ahuja R, van Aken PA. Coexisting commensurate and incommensurate charge ordered phases in CoO. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19415. [PMID: 34593883 PMCID: PMC8484683 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98739-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The subtle interplay of strong electronic correlations in a distorted crystal lattice often leads to the evolution of novel emergent functionalities in the strongly correlated materials (SCM). Here, we unravel such unprecedented commensurate (COM) and incommensurate (ICOM) charge ordered (CO) phases at room temperature in a simple transition-metal mono-oxide, namely CoO. The electron diffraction pattern unveils a COM ([Formula: see text]=[Formula: see text] and ICOM ([Formula: see text]) periodic lattice distortion. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) captures unidirectional and bidirectional stripe patterns of charge density modulations. The widespread phase singularities in the phase-field of the order parameter (OP) affirms the abundant topological disorder. Using, density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we demystify the underlying electronic mechanism. The DFT study shows that a cation disordering ([Formula: see text]) stabilizes Jahn-Teller (JT) distortion and localized aliovalent [Formula: see text] states in CoO. Therefore, the lattice distortion accompanied with mixed valence states ([Formula: see text]) states introduces CO in CoO. Our findings offer an electronic paradigm to engineer CO to exploit the associated electronic functionalities in widely available transition-metal mono-oxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devendra Negi
- Stuttgart Center for Electron Microscopy, Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstr.1, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Deobrat Singh
- Condensed Matter Theory Group, Materials Theory Division, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, 75120, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Rajeev Ahuja
- Condensed Matter Theory Group, Materials Theory Division, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, 75120, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab, 140001, India
| | - Peter A van Aken
- Stuttgart Center for Electron Microscopy, Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstr.1, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
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14
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Shimojima T, Motoyui Y, Taniuchi T, Bareille C, Onari S, Kontani H, Nakajima M, Kasahara S, Shibauchi T, Matsuda Y, Shin S. Discovery of mesoscopic nematicity wave in iron-based superconductors. Science 2021; 373:1122-1125. [PMID: 34516833 DOI: 10.1126/science.abd6701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- T Shimojima
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako 351-0198, Japan
| | - Y Motoyui
- Institute for Solid State Physics (ISSP), The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8581, Japan
| | - T Taniuchi
- Institute for Solid State Physics (ISSP), The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8581, Japan.,Material Innovation Research Center (MIRC), The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - C Bareille
- Institute for Solid State Physics (ISSP), The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8581, Japan.,Material Innovation Research Center (MIRC), The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - S Onari
- Department of Physics, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - H Kontani
- Department of Physics, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - M Nakajima
- Department of Physics, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - S Kasahara
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - T Shibauchi
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8561, Japan
| | - Y Matsuda
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - S Shin
- Institute for Solid State Physics (ISSP), The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8581, Japan.,Material Innovation Research Center (MIRC), The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan.,Office of University Professor, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
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15
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Gupta NK, McMahon C, Sutarto R, Shi T, Gong R, Wei HI, Shen KM, He F, Ma Q, Dragomir M, Gaulin BD, Hawthorn DG. Vanishing nematic order beyond the pseudogap phase in overdoped cuprate superconductors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2106881118. [PMID: 34413195 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2106881118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last decade, translational and rotational symmetry-breaking phases-density wave order and electronic nematicity-have been established as generic and distinct features of many correlated electron systems, including pnictide and cuprate superconductors. However, in cuprates, the relationship between these electronic symmetry-breaking phases and the enigmatic pseudogap phase remains unclear. Here, we employ resonant X-ray scattering in a cuprate high-temperature superconductor [Formula: see text] (Nd-LSCO) to navigate the cuprate phase diagram, probing the relationship between electronic nematicity of the Cu 3d orbitals, charge order, and the pseudogap phase as a function of doping. We find evidence for a considerable decrease in electronic nematicity beyond the pseudogap phase, either by raising the temperature through the pseudogap onset temperature T* or increasing doping through the pseudogap critical point, p*. These results establish a clear link between electronic nematicity, the pseudogap, and its associated quantum criticality in overdoped cuprates. Our findings anticipate that electronic nematicity may play a larger role in understanding the cuprate phase diagram than previously recognized, possibly having a crucial role in the phenomenology of the pseudogap phase.
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16
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Wiecki P, Frachet M, Haghighirad AA, Wolf T, Meingast C, Heid R, Böhmer AE. Emerging symmetric strain response and weakening nematic fluctuations in strongly hole-doped iron-based superconductors. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4824. [PMID: 34376670 PMCID: PMC8355183 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25121-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Electronic nematicity is often found in unconventional superconductors, suggesting its relevance for electronic pairing. In the strongly hole-doped iron-based superconductors, the symmetry channel and strength of the nematic fluctuations, as well as the possible presence of long-range nematic order, remain controversial. Here, we address these questions using transport measurements under elastic strain. By decomposing the strain response into the appropriate symmetry channels, we demonstrate the emergence of a giant in-plane symmetric contribution, associated with the growth of both strong electronic correlations and the sensitivity of these correlations to strain. We find weakened remnants of the nematic fluctuations that are present at optimal doping, but no change in the symmetry channel of nematic fluctuations with hole doping. Furthermore, we find no indication of a nematic-ordered state in the AFe2As2 (A = K, Rb, Cs) superconductors. These results revise the current understanding of nematicity in hole-doped iron-based superconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Wiecki
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Quantum Materials and Technologies, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Frachet
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Quantum Materials and Technologies, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A-A Haghighirad
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Quantum Materials and Technologies, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - T Wolf
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Quantum Materials and Technologies, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - C Meingast
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Quantum Materials and Technologies, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - R Heid
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Quantum Materials and Technologies, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A E Böhmer
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Quantum Materials and Technologies, Karlsruhe, Germany.
- Institut für Experimentalphysik IV, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
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17
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Cao Y, Rodan-Legrain D, Park JM, Yuan NFQ, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Fernandes RM, Fu L, Jarillo-Herrero P. Nematicity and competing orders in superconducting magic-angle graphene. Science 2021; 372:264-271. [DOI: 10.1126/science.abc2836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Cao
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Daniel Rodan-Legrain
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jeong Min Park
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Noah F. Q. Yuan
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Rafael M. Fernandes
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Liang Fu
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Pablo Jarillo-Herrero
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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18
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Yamase H, Sakurai Y, Fujita M, Wakimoto S, Yamada K. Fermi surface in La-based cuprate superconductors from Compton scattering imaging. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2223. [PMID: 33850119 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22229-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Compton scattering provides invaluable information on the underlying Fermi surface (FS) and is a powerful tool complementary to angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and quantum oscillation measurements. Here we perform high-resolution Compton scattering measurements for La2−xSrxCuO4 with x = 0.08 (Tc = 20 K) at 300 K and 150 K, and image the momentum distribution function in the two-dimensional Brillouin zone. We find that the observed images cannot be reconciled with the conventional hole-like FS believed so far. Instead, our data imply that the FS is strongly deformed by the underlying nematicity in each CuO2 plane, but the bulk FSs recover the fourfold symmetry. We also find an unusually strong temperature dependence of the momentum distribution function, which may originate from the pseudogap formation in the presence of the reconstructed FSs due to the underlying nematicity. Additional measurements for x = 0.15 and 0.30 at 300 K suggest similar FS deformation with weaker nematicity, which nearly vanishes at x = 0.30. Compton scattering provides information on the Fermi surface (FS) hence very useful to understand the electronic structure of high temperature superconductors. Here, Yamase et al. perform Compton scattering measurements on La2−xSrxCuO4 samples and observe deformed FS in CuO2 plane due to nematicity but recovering fourfold symmetry in bulk FS.
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19
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Yuan Y, Fan X, Wang X, He K, Zhang Y, Xue QK, Li W. Incommensurate smectic phase in close proximity to the high-T c superconductor FeSe/SrTiO 3. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2196. [PMID: 33850158 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22516-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Superconductivity is significantly enhanced in monolayer FeSe grown on SrTiO3, but not for multilayer films, in which large strength of nematicity develops. However, the link between the high-transition temperature superconductivity in monolayer and the correlation related nematicity in multilayer FeSe films is not well understood. Here, we use low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy to study few-layer FeSe thin films grown by molecular beam epitaxy. We observe an incommensurate long-range smectic phase, which solely appears in bilayer FeSe films. The smectic order still locally exists and gradually fades away with increasing film thickness, while it suddenly vanishes in monolayer FeSe, indicative of an abrupt smectic phase transition. Surface alkali-metal doping can suppress the smectic phase and induce high-Tc superconductivity in bilayer FeSe. Our observations provide evidence that the monolayer FeSe is in close proximity to the smectic phase, and its superconductivity is likely enhanced by this electronic instability as well. The relation between enhanced superconductivity in monolayer FeSe grown on SrTiO3 and the large nematicity in multilayer FeSe on SrTiO3 remains not well understood. Here, the authors observe a long-range smectic phase in bilayer FeSe films but vanishes in monolayer FeSe, providing a new instability to help enhance the superconductivity.
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20
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Kim HH, Lefrançois E, Kummer K, Fumagalli R, Brookes NB, Betto D, Nakata S, Tortora M, Porras J, Loew T, Barber ME, Braicovich L, Mackenzie AP, Hicks CW, Keimer B, Minola M, Le Tacon M. Charge Density Waves in YBa_{2}Cu_{3}O_{6.67} Probed by Resonant X-Ray Scattering under Uniaxial Compression. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 126:037002. [PMID: 33543973 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.037002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We report a comprehensive Cu L_{3}-edge resonant x-ray scattering (RXS) study of two- and three-dimensional (2D and 3D) incommensurate charge correlations in single crystals of the underdoped high-temperature superconductor YBa_{2}Cu_{3}O_{6.67} under uniaxial compression up to 1% along the two inequivalent Cu─O─Cu bond directions (a and b) in the CuO_{2} planes. We confirm the strong in-plane anisotropy of the 2D charge correlations and observe their symmetric response to pressure: pressure along a enhances correlations along b, and vice versa. Our results imply that the underlying order parameter is uniaxial. In contrast, 3D long-range charge order is only observed along b in response to compression along a. Spectroscopic RXS measurements show that the 3D charge order resides exclusively in the CuO_{2} planes and may thus be generic to the cuprates. We discuss implications of these results for models of electronic nematicity and for the interplay between charge order and superconductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-H Kim
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - E Lefrançois
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - K Kummer
- ESRF, The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, F-38043 Grenoble, France
| | - R Fumagalli
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - N B Brookes
- ESRF, The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, F-38043 Grenoble, France
| | - D Betto
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- ESRF, The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, F-38043 Grenoble, France
| | - S Nakata
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - M Tortora
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - J Porras
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - T Loew
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - M E Barber
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Nöthnitzer Straße 40, D-01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - L Braicovich
- ESRF, The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, F-38043 Grenoble, France
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - A P Mackenzie
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Nöthnitzer Straße 40, D-01187 Dresden, Germany
- Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9SS, United Kingdom
| | - C W Hicks
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Nöthnitzer Straße 40, D-01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - B Keimer
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - M Minola
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - M Le Tacon
- Institute for Quantum Materials and Technologies, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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21
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Wiecki P, Haghighirad AA, Weber F, Merz M, Heid R, Böhmer AE. Dominant In-Plane Symmetric Elastoresistance in CsFe_{2}As_{2}. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 125:187001. [PMID: 33196224 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.187001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We study the elastoresistance of the highly correlated material CsFe_{2}As_{2} in all symmetry channels. Neutralizing its thermal expansion by means of a piezoelectric-based strain cell is demonstrated to be essential. The elastoresistance response in the in-plane symmetric channel is found to be large, while the response in the symmetry-breaking channels is weaker and provides no evidence for a divergent nematic susceptibility. Rather, our results can be interpreted naturally within the framework of a coherence-incoherence crossover, where the low-temperature coherent state is sensitively tuned by the in-plane atomic distances.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Wiecki
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Quantum Materials and Technologies, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A-A Haghighirad
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Quantum Materials and Technologies, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - F Weber
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Quantum Materials and Technologies, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Merz
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Quantum Materials and Technologies, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - R Heid
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Quantum Materials and Technologies, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A E Böhmer
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Quantum Materials and Technologies, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
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22
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Li R, Zhou Z, Lian Y, Jia F, Jiang X, Tang M, Wu L, Sun J, Chen L. A
2
SnS
5
: A Structural Incommensurate Modulation Exhibiting Strong Second‐Harmonic Generation and a High Laser‐Induced Damage Threshold (A=Ba, Sr). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:11861-11865. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202004059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui‐An Li
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 P. R. China
| | - Zhengyang Zhou
- State Key Lab Rare Earth Mat Chem & Applicat, Coll Chem & Mol Engn, BNLMS Peking University Beijing 100871 P. R. China
| | - Yu‐Kun Lian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials College of Chemistry Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 P. R. China
| | - Fei Jia
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 P. R. China
| | - Xingxing Jiang
- Key Lab of Functional Crystals and Laser Technology Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Ming‐Cong Tang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 P. R. China
| | - Li‐Ming Wu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 P. R. China
| | - Junliang Sun
- State Key Lab Rare Earth Mat Chem & Applicat, Coll Chem & Mol Engn, BNLMS Peking University Beijing 100871 P. R. China
| | - Ling Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials College of Chemistry Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 P. R. China
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23
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Li R, Zhou Z, Lian Y, Jia F, Jiang X, Tang M, Wu L, Sun J, Chen L. A
2
SnS
5
: A Structural Incommensurate Modulation Exhibiting Strong Second‐Harmonic Generation and a High Laser‐Induced Damage Threshold (A=Ba, Sr). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202004059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui‐An Li
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 P. R. China
| | - Zhengyang Zhou
- State Key Lab Rare Earth Mat Chem & Applicat, Coll Chem & Mol Engn, BNLMS Peking University Beijing 100871 P. R. China
| | - Yu‐Kun Lian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials College of Chemistry Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 P. R. China
| | - Fei Jia
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 P. R. China
| | - Xingxing Jiang
- Key Lab of Functional Crystals and Laser Technology Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Ming‐Cong Tang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 P. R. China
| | - Li‐Ming Wu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 P. R. China
| | - Junliang Sun
- State Key Lab Rare Earth Mat Chem & Applicat, Coll Chem & Mol Engn, BNLMS Peking University Beijing 100871 P. R. China
| | - Ling Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials College of Chemistry Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 P. R. China
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24
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Wu J, Nair HP, Bollinger AT, He X, Robinson I, Schreiber NJ, Shen KM, Schlom DG, Božović I. Electronic nematicity in Sr 2RuO 4. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:10654-9. [PMID: 32366660 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1921713117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We have measured the angle-resolved transverse resistivity (ARTR), a sensitive indicator of electronic anisotropy, in high-quality thin films of the unconventional superconductor Sr2RuO4 grown on various substrates. The ARTR signal, heralding the electronic nematicity or a large nematic susceptibility, is present and substantial already at room temperature and grows by an order of magnitude upon cooling down to 4 K. In Sr2RuO4 films deposited on tetragonal substrates the highest-conductivity direction does not coincide with any crystallographic axis. In films deposited on orthorhombic substrates it tends to align with the shorter axis; however, the magnitude of the anisotropy stays the same despite the large lattice distortion. These are strong indications of actual or incipient electronic nematicity in Sr2RuO4.
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25
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Ishida K, Tsujii M, Hosoi S, Mizukami Y, Ishida S, Iyo A, Eisaki H, Wolf T, Grube K, V Löhneysen H, Fernandes RM, Shibauchi T. Novel electronic nematicity in heavily hole-doped iron pnictide superconductors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:6424-9. [PMID: 32165540 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1909172117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Electronic nematicity, a correlated state that spontaneously breaks rotational symmetry, is observed in several layered quantum materials. In contrast to their liquid-crystal counterparts, the nematic director cannot usually point in an arbitrary direction (XY nematics), but is locked by the crystal to discrete directions (Ising nematics), resulting in strongly anisotropic fluctuations above the transition. Here, we report on the observation of nearly isotropic XY-nematic fluctuations, via elastoresistance measurements, in hole-doped Ba1-x Rb x Fe2As2 iron-based superconductors. While for [Formula: see text], the nematic director points along the in-plane diagonals of the tetragonal lattice, for [Formula: see text], it points along the horizontal and vertical axes. Remarkably, for intermediate doping, the susceptibilities of these two symmetry-irreducible nematic channels display comparable Curie-Weiss behavior, thus revealing a nearly XY-nematic state. This opens a route to assess this elusive electronic quantum liquid-crystalline state.
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Eckberg C, Campbell DJ, Metz T, Collini J, Hodovanets H, Drye T, Zavalij P, Christensen MH, Fernandes RM, Lee S, Abbamonte P, Lynn JW, Paglione J. Sixfold enhancement of superconductivity in a tunable electronic nematic system. Nat Phys 2020; 16:346-350. [PMID: 33505513 PMCID: PMC7836097 DOI: 10.1038/s41567-019-0736-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The electronic nematic phase-in which electronic degrees of freedom lower the crystal rotational symmetry-is commonly observed in high-temperature superconductors. However, understanding the role of nematicity and nematic fluctuations in Cooper pairing is often made more complicated by the coexistence of other orders, particularly long-range magnetic order. Here we report the enhancement of superconductivity in a model electronic nematic system that is not magnetic, and show that the enhancement is directly born out of strong nematic fluctuations associated with a quantum phase transition. We present measurements of the resistance as a function of strain in Ba1-x Sr x Ni2As2 to show that strontium substitution promotes an electronically driven nematic order in this system. In addition, the complete suppression of that order to absolute zero temperature leads to an enhancement of the pairing strength, as evidenced by a sixfold increase in the superconducting transition temperature. The direct relation between enhanced pairing and nematic fluctuations in this model system, as well as the interplay with a unidirectional charge-density-wave order comparable to that found in the cuprates, offers a means to investigate the role of nematicity in strengthening superconductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Eckberg
- Maryland Quantum Materials Center, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Daniel J. Campbell
- Maryland Quantum Materials Center, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Tristin Metz
- Maryland Quantum Materials Center, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - John Collini
- Maryland Quantum Materials Center, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Halyna Hodovanets
- Maryland Quantum Materials Center, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Tyler Drye
- Maryland Quantum Materials Center, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Peter Zavalij
- Department of Chemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | | | - Rafael M. Fernandes
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Sangjun Lee
- Department of Physics, Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Peter Abbamonte
- Department of Physics, Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Jeffrey W. Lynn
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Johnpierre Paglione
- Maryland Quantum Materials Center, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- The Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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27
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Auvray N, Loret B, Benhabib S, Cazayous M, Zhong RD, Schneeloch J, Gu GD, Forget A, Colson D, Paul I, Sacuto A, Gallais Y. Nematic fluctuations in the cuprate superconductor Bi 2Sr 2CaCu 2O 8+δ. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5209. [PMID: 31729372 PMCID: PMC6858346 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12940-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Establishing the presence and the nature of a quantum critical point in their phase diagram is a central enigma of the high-temperature superconducting cuprates. It could explain their pseudogap and strange metal phases, and ultimately their high superconducting temperatures. Yet, while solid evidences exist in several unconventional superconductors of ubiquitous critical fluctuations associated to a quantum critical point, in the cuprates they remain undetected until now. Here using symmetry-resolved electronic Raman scattering in the cuprate \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${\mathrm{Bi}}_2{\mathrm{Sr}}_2{\mathrm{CaCu}}_2{\mathrm{O}}_{8+\delta}$$\end{document}Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ, we report the observation of enhanced electronic nematic fluctuations near the endpoint of the pseudogap phase. While our data hint at the possible presence of an incipient nematic quantum critical point, the doping dependence of the nematic fluctuations deviates significantly from a canonical quantum critical scenario. The observed nematic instability rather appears to be tied to the presence of a van Hove singularity in the band structure. Solid evidence of quantum fluctuations associated to a quantum critical point in cuprate superconductors remains elusive. Here, Auvray et al. report Raman scattering evidence of enhanced electronic nematic fluctuations near the endpoint of the pseudogap phase in Bi\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${}_{8+\delta }$$\end{document}8+δ.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Auvray
- Université de Paris, Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, CNRS UMR 7162, F-75205, Paris, France
| | - B Loret
- Université de Paris, Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, CNRS UMR 7162, F-75205, Paris, France
| | - S Benhabib
- Université de Paris, Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, CNRS UMR 7162, F-75205, Paris, France
| | - M Cazayous
- Université de Paris, Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, CNRS UMR 7162, F-75205, Paris, France
| | - R D Zhong
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - J Schneeloch
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - G D Gu
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - A Forget
- Service de Physique de lÉtat Condensé, DRF/IRAMIS/SPEC (UMR 3680 CNRS), CEA Saclay, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - D Colson
- Service de Physique de lÉtat Condensé, DRF/IRAMIS/SPEC (UMR 3680 CNRS), CEA Saclay, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - I Paul
- Université de Paris, Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, CNRS UMR 7162, F-75205, Paris, France
| | - A Sacuto
- Université de Paris, Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, CNRS UMR 7162, F-75205, Paris, France
| | - Y Gallais
- Université de Paris, Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, CNRS UMR 7162, F-75205, Paris, France.
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29
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Abstract
An account is given of the main steps that led the research group in Rome, to which the author belongs, to the formulation of the charge-density-wave scenario for high- T c superconducting cuprates. The early finding of the generic tendency of strongly correlated electron systems with short range interactions to undergo electron phase separation was subsequently contrasted with the homogenizing effect of the long-range Coulomb interaction. The two effects can find a compromise in the formation of incommensurate charge density waves. These charge density waves are inherently dynamical and are overdamped as a consequence of the possibility to decay in electron-hole pairs, yet tend to maintain a (quantum) critical character, which is mirrored in their marked momentum and frequency dependence and in their strong variation with temperature and doping. These dynamical incommensurate charge density waves act as mediators of pairing lading to high- T c superconductivity, and provide the scattering mechanism that produces the observed violation of the Fermi-liquid paradigm in the metallic phase.
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30
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Shiomi Y, Watanabe H, Masuda H, Takahashi H, Yanase Y, Ishiwata S. Observation of a Magnetopiezoelectric Effect in the Antiferromagnetic Metal EuMnBi_{2}. Phys Rev Lett 2019; 122:127207. [PMID: 30978058 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.127207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We have experimentally studied a magnetopiezoelectric effect predicted recently for magnetic metals with low crystal symmetries. In EuMnBi_{2} with antiferromagnetic Mn moments at 77 K, dynamic displacements emerge along the a direction upon application of ac electric fields in the c direction and increase in proportion to the applied electric fields. Such displacements are not observed along the c direction of EuMnBi_{2} or EuZnBi_{2} with nonmagnetic Zn ions. As temperature increases from 77 K, the displacement signals decrease and disappear at about 200 K, above which electric conduction changes from coherent to incoherent. These results demonstrate the emergence of the magnetopiezoelectric effect in a magnetic metal lacking inversion and time-reversal symmetries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Shiomi
- Department of Applied Physics and Quantum-Phase Electronics Center (QPEC), University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Basic Science, University of Tokyo, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - H Watanabe
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - H Masuda
- Department of Applied Physics and Quantum-Phase Electronics Center (QPEC), University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - H Takahashi
- Department of Applied Physics and Quantum-Phase Electronics Center (QPEC), University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Y Yanase
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - S Ishiwata
- Department of Applied Physics and Quantum-Phase Electronics Center (QPEC), University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi 332-0012, Japan
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31
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Du L, Wurstbauer U, West KW, Pfeiffer LN, Fallahi S, Gardner GC, Manfra MJ, Pinczuk A. Observation of new plasmons in the fractional quantum Hall effect: Interplay of topological and nematic orders. Sci Adv 2019; 5:eaav3407. [PMID: 30915397 PMCID: PMC6430622 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aav3407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Collective modes of exotic quantum fluids reveal underlying physical mechanisms responsible for emergent quantum states. We observe unexpected new collective modes in the fractional quantum Hall (FQH) regime: intra-Landau-level plasmons measured by resonant inelastic light scattering. The plasmons herald rotational-symmetry-breaking (nematic) phases in the second Landau level and uncover the nature of long-range translational invariance in these phases. The intricate dependence of plasmon features on filling factor provides insights on interplays between topological quantum Hall order and nematic electronic liquid crystal phases. A marked intensity minimum in the plasmon spectrum at Landau level filling factor v = 5/2 strongly suggests that this paired state, which may support non-Abelian excitations, overwhelms competing nematic phases, unveiling the robustness of the 5/2 superfluid state for small tilt angles. At v = 7/3, a sharp and strong plasmon peak that links to emerging macroscopic coherence supports the proposed model of a FQH nematic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingjie Du
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Ursula Wurstbauer
- Walter Schottky Institut and Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, Am Coulombwall 4a, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Institute of Physics, University of Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Str.10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Ken W. West
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Loren N. Pfeiffer
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Saeed Fallahi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, IN 47907, USA
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, IN 47907, USA
| | - Geoff C. Gardner
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, IN 47907, USA
- Microsoft Station Q Purdue, Purdue University, IN 47907, USA
| | - Michael J. Manfra
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, IN 47907, USA
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, IN 47907, USA
- Microsoft Station Q Purdue, Purdue University, IN 47907, USA
- School of Materials Engineering and School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, IN 47907, USA
| | - Aron Pinczuk
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
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32
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Benck JD, Rettenwander D, Jackson A, Young D, Chiang YM. Apparatus for operando x-ray diffraction of fuel electrodes in high temperature solid oxide electrochemical cells. Rev Sci Instrum 2019; 90:023910. [PMID: 30831734 DOI: 10.1063/1.5050999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Characterizing electrochemical energy conversion devices during operation is an important strategy for correlating device performance with the properties of cell materials under real operating conditions. While operando characterization has been used extensively for low temperature electrochemical cells, these techniques remain challenging for solid oxide electrochemical cells due to the high temperatures and reactive gas atmospheres these cells require. Operando X-ray diffraction measurements of solid oxide electrochemical cells could detect changes in the crystal structure of the cell materials, which can be useful for understanding degradation process that limit device lifetimes, but the experimental capability to perform operando X-ray diffraction on the fuel electrodes of these cells has not been demonstrated. Here we present the first experimental apparatus capable of performing X-ray diffraction measurements on the fuel electrodes of high temperature solid oxide electrochemical cells during operation under reducing gas atmospheres. We present data from an example experiment with a model solid oxide cell to demonstrate that this apparatus can collect X-ray diffraction patterns during electrochemical cell operation at high temperatures in humidified H2 gas. Measurements performed using this apparatus can reveal new insights about solid oxide fuel cell and solid oxide electrolyzer cell degradation mechanisms to enable the design of durable, high performance devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse D Benck
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Daniel Rettenwander
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Ariel Jackson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - David Young
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Yet-Ming Chiang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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33
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Lv Y, Dong Y, Lu D, Tian W, Xu Z, Chen W, Zhou X, Yuan J, Jin K, Bao S, Li S, Wen J, Chibotaru LF, Schwarz T, Kleiner R, Koelle D, Li J, Wang H, Wu P. Anomalous transverse resistance in 122-type iron-based superconductors. Sci Rep 2019; 9:664. [PMID: 30679657 PMCID: PMC6345833 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37152-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of transverse resistance of superconductors is essential to understand the transition to superconductivity. Here, we investigated the in-plane transverse resistance of Ba0.5K0.5Fe2As2 superconductors, based on ultra-thin micro-bridges fabricated from optimally doped single crystals. An anomalous transverse resistance was found at temperatures around the superconducting transition, although magnetic order or structure distortion are absent in the optimal doping case. With the substitution of magnetic and nonmagnetic impurities into the superconducting layer, the anomalous transverse resistance phenomenon is dramatically enhanced. We find that anisotropic scattering or the superconducting electronic nematic state related with the superconducting transition may contribute to this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Lv
- Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yu Dong
- Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Dachuan Lu
- Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Wanghao Tian
- Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zuyu Xu
- Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xianjing Zhou
- Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jie Yuan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,Key Laboratory for Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Kui Jin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,Key Laboratory for Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Song Bao
- School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.,National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Shichao Li
- School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.,National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Jinsheng Wen
- School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.,National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Liviu F Chibotaru
- Theory of Nanomaterials Group, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Leuven, B-3001, Belgium
| | - Tobias Schwarz
- Physikalisches Institut-Experimentalphysik II and Center for Collective Quantum Phenomena in LISA, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 14, Tübingen, D-72076, Germany
| | - Reinhold Kleiner
- Physikalisches Institut-Experimentalphysik II and Center for Collective Quantum Phenomena in LISA, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 14, Tübingen, D-72076, Germany
| | - Dieter Koelle
- Physikalisches Institut-Experimentalphysik II and Center for Collective Quantum Phenomena in LISA, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 14, Tübingen, D-72076, Germany
| | - Jun Li
- Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Huabing Wang
- Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Peiheng Wu
- Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.,Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China
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Abstract
For more than thirty years since the discovery of superconductivity in cuprates, it has been widely agreed that the superconductivity is realized by doping a charge-transfer insulator with charge carriers through chemical substitution. For electron-doped cuprates, however, the recent development of reduction annealing methods has enabled superconductivity for a very small amount of or even without chemical substitution. In this article, we review recent angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy studies on the new types of electron-doped cuprates with particular emphasis on the effect of reduction annealing. The presented results provide us with renewed insight into the phase diagram and the nature of the pseudogap not only on the electron-doped side but also in the entire doping range including hole doping.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Horio
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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35
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Morales A, Zupancic P, Léonard J, Esslinger T, Donner T. Coupling two order parameters in a quantum gas. Nat Mater 2018; 17:686-690. [PMID: 29967462 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-018-0118-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Controlling matter to simultaneously support coupled properties is of fundamental and technological importance1 (for example, in multiferroics2-5 or high-temperature superconductors6-9). However, determining the microscopic mechanisms responsible for the simultaneous presence of different orders is difficult, making it hard to predict material phenomenology10,11 or modify properties12-16. Here, using a quantum gas to engineer an adjustable interaction at the microscopic level, we demonstrate scenarios of competition, coexistence and mutual enhancement of two orders. For the enhancement scenario, the presence of one order lowers the critical point of the other. Our system is realized by a Bose-Einstein condensate that can undergo self-organization phase transitions in two optical resonators17, resulting in two distinct crystalline density orders. We characterize the coupling between these orders by measuring the composite order parameter and the elementary excitations and explain our results with a mean-field free-energy model derived from a microscopic Hamiltonian. Our system is ideally suited to explore quantum tricritical points18 and can be extended to study the interplay of spin and density orders19 as a function of temperature20.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Morales
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Philip Zupancic
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Julian Léonard
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Tilman Esslinger
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Tobias Donner
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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36
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Abstract
The spontaneous ordering of spins and charges in geometric patterns is currently under scrutiny in a number of different material systems. A topic of particular interest is the interaction of such ordered phases with itinerant electrons driven by an externally imposed current. It not only provides important information on the charge ordering itself but potentially also allows manipulating the shape and symmetry of the underlying pattern if current flow is strong enough. Unfortunately, conventional transport methods probing the macroscopic resistance suffer from the fact that the voltage drop along the sample edges provides only indirect information on the bulk properties because a complex current distribution is elicited by the inhomogeneous ground state. Here, we promote the use of surface acoustic waves to study these broken-symmetry phases and specifically address the bubble and stripe phases emerging in high-quality two-dimensional electron systems in GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructures as prototypical examples. When driving a unidirectional current, we find a surprising discrepancy between the sound propagation probing the bulk of the sample and the voltage drop along the sample edges. Our results prove that the current-induced modifications observed in resistive transport measurements are in fact a local phenomenon only, leaving the majority of the sample unaltered. More generally, our findings shed new light on the extent to which these ordered electron phases are impacted by an external current and underline the intrinsic advantages of acoustic measurements for the study of such inhomogeneous phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Friess
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - V Umansky
- Braun Centre for Semiconductor Research, Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - K von Klitzing
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - J H Smet
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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37
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Maharaj AV, Rosenberg EW, Hristov AT, Berg E, Fernandes RM, Fisher IR, Kivelson SA. Transverse fields to tune an Ising-nematic quantum phase transition. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:13430-4. [PMID: 29208710 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1712533114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The paradigmatic example of a continuous quantum phase transition is the transverse field Ising ferromagnet. In contrast to classical critical systems, whose properties depend only on symmetry and the dimension of space, the nature of a quantum phase transition also depends on the dynamics. In the transverse field Ising model, the order parameter is not conserved, and increasing the transverse field enhances quantum fluctuations until they become strong enough to restore the symmetry of the ground state. Ising pseudospins can represent the order parameter of any system with a twofold degenerate broken-symmetry phase, including electronic nematic order associated with spontaneous point-group symmetry breaking. Here, we show for the representative example of orbital-nematic ordering of a non-Kramers doublet that an orthogonal strain or a perpendicular magnetic field plays the role of the transverse field, thereby providing a practical route for tuning appropriate materials to a quantum critical point. While the transverse fields are conjugate to seemingly unrelated order parameters, their nontrivial commutation relations with the nematic order parameter, which can be represented by a Berry-phase term in an effective field theory, intrinsically intertwine the different order parameters.
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38
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Chatterjee S, Sachdev S, Scheurer MS. Intertwining Topological Order and Broken Symmetry in a Theory of Fluctuating Spin-Density Waves. Phys Rev Lett 2017; 119:227002. [PMID: 29286786 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.227002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The pseudogap metal phase of the hole-doped cuprate superconductors has two seemingly unrelated characteristics: a gap in the electronic spectrum in the "antinodal" region of the square lattice Brillouin zone and discrete broken symmetries. We present a SU(2) gauge theory of quantum fluctuations of magnetically ordered states which appear in a classical theory of square lattice antiferromagnets, in a spin-density wave mean field theory of the square lattice Hubbard model, and in a CP^{1} theory of spinons. This theory leads to metals with an antinodal gap and topological order which intertwines with the observed broken symmetries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhayu Chatterjee
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Subir Sachdev
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 2Y5
| | - Mathias S Scheurer
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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Huang EW, Mendl CB, Liu S, Johnston S, Jiang HC, Moritz B, Devereaux TP. Numerical evidence of fluctuating stripes in the normal state of high-Tccuprate superconductors. Science 2017; 358:1161-1164. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aak9546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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40
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Wu J, Bollinger AT, He X, Božović I. Spontaneous breaking of rotational symmetry in copper oxide superconductors. Nature 2017; 547:432-435. [DOI: 10.1038/nature23290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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41
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Harter JW, Zhao ZY, Yan JQ, Mandrus DG, Hsieh D. A parity-breaking electronic nematic phase transition in the spin-orbit coupled metal Cd
2
Re
2
O
7. Science 2017; 356:295-299. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aad1188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. W. Harter
- Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Z. Y. Zhao
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - J.-Q. Yan
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - D. G. Mandrus
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - D. Hsieh
- Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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42
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Mangin-Thro L, Li Y, Sidis Y, Bourges P. a-b Anisotropy of the Intra-Unit-Cell Magnetic Order in YBa_{2}Cu_{3}O_{6.6}. Phys Rev Lett 2017; 118:097003. [PMID: 28306306 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.097003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Within the complex phase diagram of the hole-doped cuprates, seizing the nature of the mysterious pseudogap phase is essential for unraveling the microscopic origin of high-temperature superconductivity. Below the pseudogap temperature T^{⋆}, evidence for intra-unit-cell orders breaking the fourfold rotation symmetry have been provided by neutron diffraction and scanning tunneling spectroscopy. Using polarized neutron diffraction on a detwinned YBa_{2}Cu_{3}O_{6.6} sample, we here report a distinct a-b anisotropy of the intra-unit-cell magnetic structure factor below T^{⋆}, highlighting that intra-unit-cell order in this material breaks the mirror symmetry of the CuO_{2} bilayers. This is likely to originate from a crisscrossed arrangement of loop currents within the CuO_{2} bilayer, resulting in a bilayer mean toroidal axis along the b direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucile Mangin-Thro
- Laboratoire Léon Brillouin, CEA-CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Yuan Li
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Yvan Sidis
- Laboratoire Léon Brillouin, CEA-CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Philippe Bourges
- Laboratoire Léon Brillouin, CEA-CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Brodsky DO, Barber ME, Bruin JAN, Borzi RA, Grigera SA, Perry RS, Mackenzie AP, Hicks CW. Strain and vector magnetic field tuning of the anomalous phase in Sr 3Ru 2O 7. Sci Adv 2017; 3:e1501804. [PMID: 28168216 PMCID: PMC5291698 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1501804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A major area of interest in condensed matter physics is the way electrons in correlated electron materials can self-organize into ordered states, and a particularly intriguing possibility is that they spontaneously choose a preferred direction of conduction. The correlated electron metal Sr3Ru2O7 has an anomalous phase at low temperatures that features strong susceptibility toward anisotropic transport. This susceptibility has been thought to indicate a spontaneous anisotropy, that is, electronic order that spontaneously breaks the point-group symmetry of the lattice, allowing weak external stimuli to select the orientation of the anisotropy. We investigate further by studying the response of Sr3Ru2O7 in the region of phase formation to two fields that lift the native tetragonal symmetry of the lattice: in-plane magnetic field and orthorhombic lattice distortion through uniaxial pressure. The response to uniaxial pressure is surprisingly strong: Compressing the lattice by ~0.1% induces an approximately 100% transport anisotropy. However, neither the in-plane field nor the pressure phase diagrams are qualitatively consistent with spontaneous symmetry reduction. Instead, both are consistent with a multicomponent order parameter that is likely to preserve the point-group symmetry of the lattice, but is highly susceptible to perturbation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel O. Brodsky
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Nöthnitzer Straße 40, 01187 Dresden, Germany
- Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, School of Physics and Astronomy, North Haugh, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9SS, U.K
| | - Mark E. Barber
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Nöthnitzer Straße 40, 01187 Dresden, Germany
- Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, School of Physics and Astronomy, North Haugh, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9SS, U.K
| | - Jan A. N. Bruin
- Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, School of Physics and Astronomy, North Haugh, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9SS, U.K
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Physics, Heisenbergstraße 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Rodolfo A. Borzi
- Instituto de Física de Líquidos y Sistemas Biológicos, Universidad Nacional de La Plata–Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Santiago A. Grigera
- Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, School of Physics and Astronomy, North Haugh, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9SS, U.K
- Instituto de Física de Líquidos y Sistemas Biológicos, Universidad Nacional de La Plata–Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Robin S. Perry
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, U.K
| | - Andrew P. Mackenzie
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Nöthnitzer Straße 40, 01187 Dresden, Germany
- Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, School of Physics and Astronomy, North Haugh, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9SS, U.K
| | - Clifford W. Hicks
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Nöthnitzer Straße 40, 01187 Dresden, Germany
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Abstract
Electronic, magnetic, and structural phase inhomogeneities are ubiquitous in strongly correlated quantum materials. The characteristic length scales of the phase inhomogeneities can range from atomic to mesoscopic, depending on their microscopic origins as well as various sample dependent factors. Therefore, progress with the understanding of correlated phenomena critically depends on the experimental techniques suitable to provide appropriate spatial resolution. This requirement is difficult to meet for some of the most informative methods in condensed matter physics, including infrared and optical spectroscopy. Yet, recent developments in near-field optics and imaging enabled a detailed characterization of the electromagnetic response with a spatial resolution down to 10 nm. Thus it is now feasible to exploit at the nanoscale well-established capabilities of optical methods for characterization of electronic processes and lattice dynamics in diverse classes of correlated quantum systems. This review offers a concise description of the state-of-the-art near-field techniques applied to prototypical correlated quantum materials. We also discuss complementary microscopic and spectroscopic methods which reveal important mesoscopic dynamics of quantum materials at different energy scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengkun Liu
- Department of Physics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
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45
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Jang H, Lee WS, Nojiri H, Matsuzawa S, Yasumura H, Nie L, Maharaj AV, Gerber S, Liu YJ, Mehta A, Bonn DA, Liang R, Hardy WN, Burns CA, Islam Z, Song S, Hastings J, Devereaux TP, Shen ZX, Kivelson SA, Kao CC, Zhu D, Lee JS. Ideal charge-density-wave order in the high-field state of superconducting YBCO. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:14645-50. [PMID: 27930313 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1612849113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The existence of charge-density-wave (CDW) correlations in cuprate superconductors has now been established. However, the nature of the CDW ground state has remained uncertain because disorder and the presence of superconductivity typically limit the CDW correlation lengths to only a dozen unit cells or less. Here we explore the field-induced 3D CDW correlations in extremely pure detwinned crystals of YBa2Cu3O2 (YBCO) ortho-II and ortho-VIII at magnetic fields in excess of the resistive upper critical field ([Formula: see text]) where superconductivity is heavily suppressed. We observe that the 3D CDW is unidirectional and possesses a long in-plane correlation length as well as significant correlations between neighboring CuO2 planes. It is significant that we observe only a single sharply defined transition at a critical field proportional to [Formula: see text], given that the field range used in this investigation overlaps with other high-field experiments including quantum oscillation measurements. The correlation volume is at least two to three orders of magnitude larger than that of the zero-field CDW. This is by far the largest CDW correlation volume observed in any cuprate crystal and so is presumably representative of the high-field ground state of an "ideal" disorder-free cuprate.
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46
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Tao J, Sun K, Yin WG, Wu L, Xin H, Wen JG, Luo W, Pennycook SJ, Tranquada JM, Zhu Y. Direct observation of electronic-liquid-crystal phase transitions and their microscopic origin in La 1/3Ca 2/3MnO 3. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37624. [PMID: 27874069 DOI: 10.1038/srep37624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The ground-state electronic order in doped manganites is frequently associated with a lattice modulation, contributing to their many interesting properties. However, measuring the thermal evolution of the lattice superstructure with reciprocal-space probes alone can lead to ambiguous results with competing interpretations. Here we provide direct observations of the evolution of the superstructure in La1/3Ca2/3MnO3 in real space, as well as reciprocal space, using transmission electron microscopic (TEM) techniques. We show that the transitions are the consequence of a proliferation of dislocations plus electronic phase separation. The resulting states are well described by the symmetries associated with electronic-liquid-crystal (ELC) phases. Moreover, our results resolve the long-standing controversy over the origin of the incommensurate superstructure and suggest a new structural model that is consistent with recent theoretical calculations.
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47
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Feldman BE, Randeria MT, Gyenis A, Wu F, Ji H, Cava RJ, MacDonald AH, Yazdani A. Observation of a nematic quantum Hall liquid on the surface of bismuth. Science 2016; 354:316-321. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aag1715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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48
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Mueed MA, Hossain MS, Pfeiffer LN, West KW, Baldwin KW, Shayegan M. Reorientation of the Stripe Phase of 2D Electrons by a Minute Density Modulation. Phys Rev Lett 2016; 117:076803. [PMID: 27563985 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.076803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Interacting two-dimensional electrons confined in a GaAs quantum well exhibit isotropic transport when the Fermi level resides in the first excited (N=1) Landau level. Adding an in-plane magnetic field (B_{||}) typically leads to an anisotropic, stripelike (nematic) phase of electrons with the stripes oriented perpendicular to the B_{||} direction. Our experimental data reveal how a periodic density modulation, induced by a surface strain grating from strips of negative electron-beam resist, competes against the B_{||}-induced orientational order of the stripe phase. Even a minute (<0.25%) density modulation is sufficient to reorient the stripes along the direction of the surface grating.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Mueed
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Md Shafayat Hossain
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - L N Pfeiffer
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - K W West
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - K W Baldwin
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - M Shayegan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
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49
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Kuo HH, Chu JH, Palmstrom JC, Kivelson SA, Fisher IR. Ubiquitous signatures of nematic quantum criticality in optimally doped Fe-based superconductors. Science 2016; 352:958-62. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aab0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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50
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Zhao D, Ma FX, Zhang RJ, Li FF, Zhang L, Yang J, Fan YC, Xin X. Structure modulation, band structure, density of states and luminescent properties of columbite-type ZnNb2O6. CrystEngComm 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ce01828e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study reports the four-dimensional commensurately modulated structure of ZnNb2O6 using superspace formalism for aperiodic structures considering the modulation vector, q = 1/3 b*.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhao
- Department of Physics and Chemistry
- Henan Polytechnic University
- Jiaozuo 454000, China
| | - Fa-Xue Ma
- Department of Physics and Chemistry
- Henan Polytechnic University
- Jiaozuo 454000, China
| | - Rui-Juan Zhang
- Department of Physics and Chemistry
- Henan Polytechnic University
- Jiaozuo 454000, China
| | - Fei-Fei Li
- Department of Physics and Chemistry
- Henan Polytechnic University
- Jiaozuo 454000, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Physics and Chemistry
- Henan Polytechnic University
- Jiaozuo 454000, China
| | - Juan Yang
- Department of Physics and Chemistry
- Henan Polytechnic University
- Jiaozuo 454000, China
| | - Yun-Chang Fan
- Department of Physics and Chemistry
- Henan Polytechnic University
- Jiaozuo 454000, China
| | - Xia Xin
- National Engineering Technology Research Center For Colloidal Materials
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100, China
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