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Xiong M, Chen Y, Hu HJ, Cheng H, Li WX, Tang S, Hu X, Lan LM, Zhang H, Jiang GB. Multifunctional pH-responsive hydrogel dressings based on carboxymethyl chitosan: Synthesis, characterization fostering the wound healing. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 341:122348. [PMID: 38876718 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Antibiotic abuse is increasing the present rate of drug-resistant bacterial wound infections, producing a significant healthcare burden globally. Herein, we prepared a pH-responsive CMCS/PVP/TA (CPT) multifunctional hydrogel dressing by embedding the natural plant extract TA as a nonantibiotic and cross-linking agent in carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) to prompt wound healing. The CPT hydrogel demonstrated excellent self-healing, self-adaptive, and adhesion properties to match different wound requirements. Importantly, this hydrogel showed pH sensitivity and exhibited good activity against resistant bacteria and antioxidant activity by releasing TA in case of bacterial infection (alkaline). Furthermore, the CPT hydrogel exhibited coagulant ability and could rapidly stop bleeding within 30 s. The biocompatible hydrogel effectively accelerated wound healing in a full-thickness skin defect model by thickening granulation tissue, increasing collagen deposition, vascular proliferation, and M2-type macrophage polarization. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that multifunctional CPT hydrogel offers a candidate material with potential applications for infected skin wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxin Xiong
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Han-Jian Hu
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hao Cheng
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wei-Xiong Li
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shipeng Tang
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaolong Hu
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ling-Min Lan
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hongyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Gang-Biao Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Sun W, Wang ZX, Guo Y, Li C, Gao G, Wu FG. Iodine/soluble starch cryogel: An iodine-based antiseptic with instant water-solubility, improved stability, and potent bactericidal activity. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 340:122217. [PMID: 38857997 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Iodine (I2) as a broad-spectrum antiseptic has been widely used for treating bacterial infections. However, I2 has low water-solubility and sublimes under ambient conditions, which limits its practical antibacterial applications. The highly specific and sensitive reaction between I2 and starch discovered 200 years ago has been extensively applied in analytical chemistry, but the antibacterial activity of the I2-starch complex is rarely investigated. Herein, we develop a novel type of iodine-based antiseptics, iodine-soluble starch (I2-SS) cryogel, which can dissolve in water instantly and almost completely kill bacteria in 10 min at 2 μg/mL of I2. Although KI3 and the commercially available povidone‑iodine (I2-PVP) solutions show similar antibacterial efficacy, the high affinity of I2 to SS largely enhances the shelf stability of the I2-SS solution with ∼73 % I2 left after one-week storage at room temperature. In sharp contrast, ∼8.5 % and ∼2.5 % I2 are detected in KI3 and I2-PVP solutions, respectively. Mechanistic study reveals that the potent antibacterial effect of I2-SS originates from its attack on multiple bacterial targets. The outstanding antibacterial activity, capability of accelerating wound healing, and good biocompatibility of I2-SS are verified through further in vivo experiments. This work may promote the development of next-generation iodine-based antiseptics for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Southeast University Road, Nanjing 211189, PR China; Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Zi-Xi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Southeast University Road, Nanjing 211189, PR China
| | - Yuxin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Southeast University Road, Nanjing 211189, PR China
| | - Chengcheng Li
- International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials and Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China
| | - Ge Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Southeast University Road, Nanjing 211189, PR China
| | - Fu-Gen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Southeast University Road, Nanjing 211189, PR China.
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3
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Boschi F, Negri A, Conti A, Bernardi P, Chirumbolo S, Sbarbati A. The human dermal white adipose tissue (dWAT) morphology: A multimodal imaging approach. Ann Anat 2024; 255:152289. [PMID: 38848928 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2024.152289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dermal white adipose tissue (dWAT) in humans can be characterized as a relaxed dermal skin compartment consisting of functionally interlinked adipocytes. dWAT is typically discerned both in terms of morphology and function from subcutaneous white adipose tissue (sWAT). In particular in human thigh, the dWAT appears as thin extensions from the adipose panniculus to the dermis, and it is primarily associated with pilosebaceous units, hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and erector pili muscles. In this work, human fat tissue samples obtained post-mortem from the gluteo-femoral region were analyzed focusing on the thin extensions of dWAT named dermal cones. This anatomical region was chosen to deepen the dWAT morphological features of this site which is interesting both for clinical applications and genetical studies. The purpose of this exploratory methodological study was to gain deeper insights into the morphological features of human dWAT through a multimodal imaging approach. METHODS Optical microscopy, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), have been employed in this study. The cones' length and their distances were measured on the acquired images for optical microscopy and SEM. The cone's apparent regular distribution in MRI images was evaluated using a mathematical criterion, the conformity ratio, which is the ratio of the mean nearest-neighbor distance to its standard deviation. RESULTS The imaging techniques revealed white adipocytes forming a layer, referred to as sWAT, with cones measuring nearly 2 mm in size measured on SEM and Optical images (2.1 ± 0.4 mm), with the lower part embedded in the sWAT and the upper part extending into the dermis. The distance between the cones results about 1 mm measured on MRI images and they show an overall semiregular distribution. CONCLUSIONS MRI images demonstrated an orderly arrangement of cones, and their 3D reconstruction allowed to elucidate the dermal cones' disposition in the tissue sample and a more general comprehensive visualization of the entire fat structure within the dermis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Boschi
- Department of Engineering for Innovation Medicine, Strada Le Grazie 8, Verona 37134, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Negri
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Strada Le Grazie 8, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Anita Conti
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Strada Le Grazie 8, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Paolo Bernardi
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Strada Le Grazie 8, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Salvatore Chirumbolo
- Department of Engineering for Innovation Medicine, Strada Le Grazie 8, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Andrea Sbarbati
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Strada Le Grazie 8, Verona 37134, Italy
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Chen Y, Song Y, Wang Z, Lai Y, Yin W, Cai Q, Han M, Cai Y, Xue Y, Chen Z, Li X, Chen J, Li M, Li H, He R. The chemerin-CMKLR1 axis in keratinocytes impairs innate host defense against cutaneous Staphylococcus aureus infection. Cell Mol Immunol 2024; 21:533-545. [PMID: 38532043 PMCID: PMC11143357 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-024-01152-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The skin is the most common site of Staphylococcus aureus infection, which can lead to various diseases, including invasive and life-threatening infections, through evasion of host defense. However, little is known about the host factors that facilitate the innate immune evasion of S. aureus in the skin. Chemerin, which is abundantly expressed in the skin and can be activated by proteases derived from S. aureus, has both direct bacteria-killing activity and immunomodulatory effects via interactions with its receptor CMKLR1. Here, we demonstrate that a lack of the chemerin/CMKLR1 axis increases the neutrophil-mediated host defense against S. aureus in a mouse model of cutaneous infection, whereas chemerin overexpression, which mimics high levels of chemerin in obese individuals, exacerbates S. aureus cutaneous infection. Mechanistically, we identified keratinocytes that express CMKLR1 as the main target of chemerin to suppress S. aureus-induced IL-33 expression, leading to impaired skin neutrophilia and bacterial clearance. CMKLR1 signaling specifically inhibits IL-33 expression induced by cell wall components but not secreted proteins of S. aureus by inhibiting Akt activation in mouse keratinocytes. Thus, our study revealed that the immunomodulatory effect of the chemerin/CMKLR1 axis mediates innate immune evasion of S. aureus in vivo and likely increases susceptibility to S. aureus infection in obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC), School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yan Song
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC), School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yangfan Lai
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC), School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wei Yin
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC), School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qian Cai
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC), School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Miaomiao Han
- Allergy Center, Department of Otolaryngology, Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yiheng Cai
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC), School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yushan Xue
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC), School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhengrong Chen
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xi Li
- Biology Science Institutes, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400032, China
| | - Jing Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Department of Nephrology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
- Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Huabin Li
- Allergy Center, Department of Otolaryngology, Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| | - Rui He
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC), School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
- Research Center of Allergy and Diseases, Fudan University, 200040, Shanghai, China.
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5
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Hagberg CE, Spalding KL. White adipocyte dysfunction and obesity-associated pathologies in humans. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2024; 25:270-289. [PMID: 38086922 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-023-00680-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity and associated chronic diseases continues to increase worldwide, negatively impacting on societies and economies. Whereas the association between excess body weight and increased risk for developing a multitude of diseases is well established, the initiating mechanisms by which weight gain impairs our metabolic health remain surprisingly contested. In order to better address the myriad of disease states associated with obesity, it is essential to understand adipose tissue dysfunction and develop strategies for reinforcing adipocyte health. In this Review we outline the diverse physiological functions and pathological roles of human white adipocytes, examining our current knowledge of why white adipocytes are vital for systemic metabolic control, yet poorly adapted to our current obesogenic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina E Hagberg
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kirsty L Spalding
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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6
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Cavagnero KJ, Li F, Dokoshi T, Nakatsuji T, O’Neill AM, Aguilera C, Liu E, Shia M, Osuoji O, Hata T, Gallo RL. CXCL12+ dermal fibroblasts promote neutrophil recruitment and host defense by recognition of IL-17. J Exp Med 2024; 221:e20231425. [PMID: 38393304 PMCID: PMC10890925 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20231425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The skin provides an essential barrier for host defense through rapid action of multiple resident and recruited cell types, but the complex communication network governing these processes is incompletely understood. To define these cell-cell interactions more clearly, we performed an unbiased network analysis of mouse skin during invasive S. aureus infection and revealed a dominant role for CXCL12+ fibroblast subsets in neutrophil communication. These subsets predominantly reside in the reticular dermis, express adipocyte lineage markers, detect IL-17 and TNFα, and promote robust neutrophil recruitment through NFKBIZ-dependent release of CXCR2 ligands and CXCL12. Targeted deletion of Il17ra in mouse fibroblasts resulted in greatly reduced neutrophil recruitment and increased infection by S. aureus. Analogous human CXCL12+ fibroblast subsets abundantly express neutrophil chemotactic factors in psoriatic skin that are subsequently decreased upon therapeutic targeting of IL-17. These findings show that CXCL12+ dermal immune acting fibroblast subsets play a critical role in cutaneous neutrophil recruitment and host defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kellen J. Cavagnero
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego. La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Fengwu Li
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego. La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tatsuya Dokoshi
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego. La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Teruaki Nakatsuji
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego. La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alan M. O’Neill
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego. La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Carlos Aguilera
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego. La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Edward Liu
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego. La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michael Shia
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego. La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Olive Osuoji
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego. La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tissa Hata
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego. La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Richard L. Gallo
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego. La Jolla, CA, USA
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Hatton-Jones KM, West NP, Thang MW, Chen PY, Davoren P, Cripps AW, Cox AJ. Gut Microbiome and Metabolic and Immune Indices in Males with or without Evidence of Metabolic Dysregulation. J Obes Metab Syndr 2024; 33:64-75. [PMID: 38508778 PMCID: PMC11000514 DOI: 10.7570/jomes23022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The contributions of the gut microbiota to obesity and metabolic disease represent a potentially modifiable factor that may explain variation in risk between individuals. This study aimed to explore relationships among microbial composition and imputed functional attributes, a range of soluble metabolic and immune indices, and gene expression markers in males with or without evidence of metabolic dysregulation (MetDys). Methods This case-control study included healthy males (n=15; 41.9±11.7 years; body mass index [BMI], 22.9±1.2 kg/m2) and males with evidence of MetDys (n=14; 46.6±10.0 years; BMI, 35.1±3.3 kg/m2) who provided blood and faecal samples for assessment of a range of metabolic and immune markers and microbial composition using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Metagenomic functions were imputed from microbial sequence data for analysis. Results In addition to elevated values in a range of traditional metabolic, adipokine and inflammatory indices in the MetDys group, 23 immunomodulatory genes were significantly altered in the MetDys group. Overall microbial diversity did not differ between groups; however, a trend for a higher relative abundance of the Bacteroidetes (P=0.06) and a lower relative abundance of the Verrucomicrobia (P=0.09) phyla was noted in the MetDys group. Using both family- and genera-level classifications, a partial least square discriminant analysis revealed unique microbial signatures between the groups. Conclusion These findings confirm the need for ongoing investigations in human clinical cohorts to further resolve the relationships between the gut microbiota and metabolic and immune markers and risk for metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle M. Hatton-Jones
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, Australia
| | - Nicholas P. West
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, Australia
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, Australia
| | - Mike W.C. Thang
- QCIF Facility for Advanced Bioinformatics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
| | - Pin-Yen Chen
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, Australia
| | - Peter Davoren
- Diabetes and Endocrinology, Gold Coast University Hospital, Southport, Australia
| | - Allan W. Cripps
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, Australia
- School of Medicine, Griffith University, Southport, Australia
| | - Amanda J. Cox
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, Australia
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, Australia
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8
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Peña OA, Martin P. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of skin wound healing. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2024:10.1038/s41580-024-00715-1. [PMID: 38528155 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-024-00715-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Wound healing is a complex process that involves the coordinated actions of many different tissues and cell lineages. It requires tight orchestration of cell migration, proliferation, matrix deposition and remodelling, alongside inflammation and angiogenesis. Whereas small skin wounds heal in days, larger injuries resulting from trauma, acute illness or major surgery can take several weeks to heal, generally leaving behind a fibrotic scar that can impact tissue function. Development of therapeutics to prevent scarring and successfully repair chronic wounds requires a fuller knowledge of the cellular and molecular mechanisms driving wound healing. In this Review, we discuss the current understanding of the different phases of wound healing, from clot formation through re-epithelialization, angiogenesis and subsequent scar deposition. We highlight the contribution of different cell types to skin repair, with emphasis on how both innate and adaptive immune cells in the wound inflammatory response influence classically studied wound cell lineages, including keratinocytes, fibroblasts and endothelial cells, but also some of the less-studied cell lineages such as adipocytes, melanocytes and cutaneous nerves. Finally, we discuss newer approaches and research directions that have the potential to further our understanding of the mechanisms underpinning tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar A Peña
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| | - Paul Martin
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
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9
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Afshari M, Kolackova M, Rosecka M, Čelakovská J, Krejsek J. Unraveling the skin; a comprehensive review of atopic dermatitis, current understanding, and approaches. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1361005. [PMID: 38500882 PMCID: PMC10944924 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1361005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis, also known as atopic eczema, is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by red pruritic skin lesions, xerosis, ichthyosis, and skin pain. Among the social impacts of atopic dermatitis are difficulties and detachment in relationships and social stigmatization. Additionally, atopic dermatitis is known to cause sleep disturbance, anxiety, hyperactivity, and depression. Although the pathological process behind atopic dermatitis is not fully known, it appears to be a combination of epidermal barrier dysfunction and immune dysregulation. Skin is the largest organ of the human body which acts as a mechanical barrier to toxins and UV light and a natural barrier against water loss. Both functions face significant challenges due to atopic dermatitis. The list of factors that can potentially trigger or contribute to atopic dermatitis is extensive, ranging from genetic factors, family history, dietary choices, immune triggers, and environmental factors. Consequently, prevention, early clinical diagnosis, and effective treatment may be the only resolutions to combat this burdensome disease. Ensuring safe and targeted drug delivery to the skin layers, without reaching the systemic circulation is a promising option raised by nano-delivery systems in dermatology. In this review, we explored the current understanding and approaches of atopic dermatitis and outlined a range of the most recent therapeutics and dosage forms brought by nanotechnology. This review was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect databases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moeina Afshari
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Faculty Hospital and Medical Faculty of Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czechia
| | - Martina Kolackova
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Faculty Hospital and Medical Faculty of Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czechia
| | - Michaela Rosecka
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Faculty Hospital and Medical Faculty of Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czechia
| | - Jarmila Čelakovská
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty Hospital and Medical Faculty of Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czechia
| | - Jan Krejsek
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Faculty Hospital and Medical Faculty of Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czechia
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10
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Höpfinger A, Schmid A, Karrasch T, Pankuweit S, Schäffler A, Grote K. Cathelicidin Antimicrobial Peptide Levels in Atherosclerosis and Myocardial Infarction in Mice and Human. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2909. [PMID: 38474156 PMCID: PMC10931542 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity represents a worldwide health challenge, and the condition is accompanied by elevated risk of cardiovascular diseases caused by metabolic dysfunction and proinflammatory adipokines. Among those, the immune-modulatory cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (human: CAMP; murine: CRAMP) might contribute to the interaction of the innate immune system and metabolism in these settings. We investigated systemic CAMP/CRAMP levels in experimental murine models of atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction and cardiovascular patients. Atherosclerosis was induced in low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient (Ldlr-/-) mice by high-fat diet (HFD). C57BL/6J wild-type mice were subjected to myocardial infarction by permanent or transient left anterior descending (LAD)-ligation. Cramp gene expression in murine organs and tissues was investigated via real-time PCR. Blood samples of 234 adult individuals with or without coronary artery disease (CAD) were collected. Human and murine CAMP/CRAMP serum levels were quantified by ELISA. Atherosclerotic mice exhibited significantly increased CRAMP serum levels and induced Cramp gene expression in the spleen and liver, whereas experimental myocardial infarction substantially decreased CRAMP serum levels. Human CAMP serum quantities were not significantly affected by CAD while being correlated with leukocytes and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Our data show an influence of cathelicidin in experimental atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, as well as in patients with CAD. Further studies are needed to elucidate the pathophysiological mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Höpfinger
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Giessen, Klinikstr. 33, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (A.S.); (T.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Andreas Schmid
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Giessen, Klinikstr. 33, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (A.S.); (T.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Thomas Karrasch
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Giessen, Klinikstr. 33, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (A.S.); (T.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Sabine Pankuweit
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Philipps-University Marburg, Baldinger Str., 35043 Marburg, Germany; (S.P.); (K.G.)
| | - Andreas Schäffler
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Giessen, Klinikstr. 33, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (A.S.); (T.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Karsten Grote
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Philipps-University Marburg, Baldinger Str., 35043 Marburg, Germany; (S.P.); (K.G.)
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11
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Jussila A, Zhang B, Kirti S, Atit R. Tissue fibrosis associated depletion of lipid-filled cells. Exp Dermatol 2024; 33:e15054. [PMID: 38519432 PMCID: PMC10977660 DOI: 10.1111/exd.15054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Fibrosis is primarily described as the deposition of excessive extracellular matrix, but in many tissues it also involves a loss of lipid or lipid-filled cells. Lipid-filled cells are critical to tissue function and integrity in many tissues including the skin and lungs. Thus, loss or depletion of lipid-filled cells during fibrogenesis, has implications for tissue function. In some contexts, lipid-filled cells can impact ECM composition and stability, highlighting their importance in fibrotic transformation. Recent papers in fibrosis address this newly recognized fibrotic lipodystrophy phenomenon. Even in disparate tissues, common mechanisms are emerging to explain fibrotic lipodystrophy. These findings have implications for fibrosis in tissues composed of fibroblast and lipid-filled cell populations such as skin, lung, and liver. In this review, we will discuss the roles of lipid-containing cells, their reduction/loss during fibrotic transformation, and the mechanisms of that loss in the skin and lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Jussila
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Brian Zhang
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Sakin Kirti
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Radhika Atit
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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12
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Li Y, Long J, Zhang Z, Yin W. Insights into the unique roles of dermal white adipose tissue (dWAT) in wound healing. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1346612. [PMID: 38465261 PMCID: PMC10920283 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1346612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Dermal white adipose tissue (dWAT) is a newly recognized layer of adipocytes within the reticular dermis of the skin. In many mammals, this layer is clearly separated by panniculus carnosus from subcutaneous adipose tissue (sWAT). While, they concentrated around the hair shaft and follicle, sebaceous gland, and arrector pili muscle, and forms a very specific cone geometry in human. Both the anatomy and the histology indicate that dWAT has distinct development and functions. Different from sWAT, the developmental origin of dWAT shares a common precursor with dermal fibroblasts during embryogenesis. Therefore, when skin injury happens and mature adipocytes in dWAT are exposed, they may undergo lipolysis and dedifferentiate into fibroblasts to participate in wound healing as embryogenetic stage. Studies using genetic strategies to selectively ablate dermal adipocytes observed delayed revascularization and re-epithelialization in wound healing. This review specifically summarizes the hypotheses of the functions of dWAT in wound healing. First, lipolysis of dermal adipocytes could contribute to wound healing by regulating inflammatory macrophage infiltration. Second, loss of dermal adipocytes occurs at the wound edge, and adipocyte-derived cells then become ECM-producing wound bed myofibroblasts during the proliferative phase of repair. Third, mature dermal adipocytes are rich resources for adipokines and cytokines and could release them in response to injury. In addition, the dedifferentiated dermal adipocytes are more sensitive to redifferentiation protocol and could undergo expansion in infected wound. We then briefly introduce the roles of dWAT in protecting the skin from environmental challenges: production of an antimicrobial peptide against infection. In the future, we believe there may be great potential for research in these areas: (1) taking advantage of the plasticity of dermal adipocytes and manipulating them in wound healing; (2) investigating the precise mechanism of dWAT expansion in infected wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Wen Yin
- *Correspondence: Ziang Zhang, ; Wen Yin,
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13
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Bose S, Dahat Y, Kumar D, Haldar S, Das SK. A membrane targeted multifunctional cationic nanoparticle conjugated fusogenic nanoemulsion (CFusoN): induced membrane depolarization and lipid solubilization to accelerate the killing of Staphylococcus aureus. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024; 11:661-679. [PMID: 37830433 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh01102j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus are one of the growing concerns for human health care management globally. Antibiotic-associated adverse effects and the emergence of bacterial resistant strains necessitate the development of an alternative yet effective approach. Nanoemulsion-based therapy has emerged as a potential therapeutic strategy to combat bacterial infestation. Herein, we designed a cationic metal nanoparticle-conjugated fusogenic nanoemulsion (CFusoN) as a lipid solubilizing nanovesicle for the effective treatment of S. aureus infection with a killing efficiency of 99.999%. The cationic nanoparticle-conjugated nanoemulsion (viz. NECNP) (24.4 ± 2.9 mV) electrostatically bound with the negatively charged bacterial cell membrane (-10.2 ± 3.7 mV) causing alteration of the bacterial surface charge. The fluorometric and flow cytometry studies confirmed the bacterial membrane depolarization and altered cell membrane permeability leading to cell death. The atomic force microscopic studies further demonstrated the damage of the cellular ultrastructure, while the transmission electron microscopic image and membrane lipid solubilization analysis depicted the solubilization of the bacterial membrane lipid bilayer along with the leakage of the intracellular contents. The cell membrane fatty acid analysis revealed that the methyl esters of palmitic acid, stearic acid and octadecadienoic acid isomers were solubilized after the treatment of S. aureus with CFusoN. The bactericidal killing efficiency of CFusoN is proposed to occur through the synergistic efficacy of the targeted attachment of CNP to the bacterial cells along with the lipid solubilization property of NE. Interestingly, NECNP didn't elicit any in vitro hemolytic activity or cytotoxicity against red blood cells (RBCs) and L929 fibroblast cells, respectively, at its bactericidal concentration. Furthermore, a porcine skin wound infection model exhibited the enhanced wound cleansing potency of CFusoN in comparison to the commercially available wound cleansers. The obtained antibacterial activity, biocompatibility and skin wound disinfection efficacy of the NECNP demonstrated the formulation of a cell targeted CFusoN as a promising translatable strategy to combat bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somashree Bose
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Yogita Dahat
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (IICB), Kolkata-700032, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (IICB), Kolkata-700032, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Saikat Haldar
- Agrotechnology and Rural Development Division (ARDD), CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology (NEIST), NH37, Pulibor, Jorhat, Assam 785006, India
| | - Sujoy K Das
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
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14
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Ahmad F, Alam MA, Ansari AW, Jochebeth A, Leo R, Al-Abdulla MN, Al-Khawaga S, AlHammadi A, Al-Malki A, Al Naama K, Ahmad A, Buddenkotte J, Steinhoff M. Emerging Role of the IL-36/IL-36R Axis in Multiple Inflammatory Skin Diseases. J Invest Dermatol 2024; 144:206-224. [PMID: 38189700 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
IL-36 is a most recent member of the IL-1 cytokine family, primarily expressed at barrier sites of the body such as the skin, lungs, and intestine. It plays a vital role in inflammation and is implicated in the development of various cutaneous; intestinal; and pulmonary disorders, including psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. IL-36 comprises 4 isoforms: the proinflammatory IL-36α, IL-36β, and IL-36γ and the anti-inflammatory IL-36R antagonist. An imbalance between proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory IL-36 isoforms can contribute to the inflammatory fate of cells and tissues. IL-36 cytokines signal through an IL-36R heterodimer mediating their function through canonical signaling cacade, including the NF-B pathway. Prominent for its role in psoriasis, IL-36 has recently been associated with disease mechanisms in atopic dermatitis, hidradenitis suppurativa, neutrophilic dermatoses, autoimmune blistering disease, and Netherton syndrome. The major cutaneous source of IL-36 cytokines is keratinocytes, pointing to its role in the communication between the epidermis, innate (neutrophils, dendritic cells) immune system, and adaptive (T helper [Th]1 cells, Th17) immune system. Thus, cutaneous IL-36 signaling is crucial for the immunopathological outcome of various skin diseases. Consequently, the IL-36/IL-36R axis has recently been recognized as a promising drug target for the treatment of inflammatory disorders beyond psoriasis. This review summarizes the current update on IL-36 cytokines in inflammatory skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fareed Ahmad
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Majid Ali Alam
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdul Wahid Ansari
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Anh Jochebeth
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Rari Leo
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Sara Al-Khawaga
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ayda AlHammadi
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Aysha Al-Malki
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Khalifa Al Naama
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Aamir Ahmad
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Jörg Buddenkotte
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Martin Steinhoff
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Medical School, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar; Weill Cornell Medicine, Weill Cornell University, New York, New York, USA; Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar.
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15
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Huang L, Yang S, Yu X, Fang F, Zhu L, Wang L, Zhang X, Yang C, Qian Q, Zhu T. Association of different cell types and inflammation in early acne vulgaris. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1275269. [PMID: 38357543 PMCID: PMC10864487 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1275269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Acne vulgaris, one of the most common skin diseases, is a chronic cutaneous inflammation of the upper pilosebaceous unit (PSU) with complex pathogenesis. Inflammation plays a central role in the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris. During the inflammatory process, the innate and adaptive immune systems are coordinately activated to induce immune responses. Understanding the infiltration and cytokine secretion of differential cells in acne lesions, especially in the early stages of inflammation, will provide an insight into the pathogenesis of acne. The purpose of this review is to synthesize the association of different cell types with inflammation in early acne vulgaris and provide a comprehensive understanding of skin inflammation and immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Huang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shuyun Yang
- Department of Dermatology, The People’s Hospital of Baoshan, Baoshan, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiuqin Yu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Fumin Fang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Liping Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Changzhi Yang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qihong Qian
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Tingting Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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16
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Chen Y, Qian H, Peng D, Jiang Y, Liu Q, Tan Y, Feng L, Cheng B, Li G. Antimicrobial peptide-modified AIE visual composite wound dressing for promoting rapid healing of infected wounds. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 11:1338172. [PMID: 38283168 PMCID: PMC10811172 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1338172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Wound infection is a major problem faced during wound healing. Therefore, it is necessary to develop wound dressings with excellent antimicrobial properties. Here, a smart response system of PVA-TPE/HA-AMP/SF/ALG wound dressing was prepared by a combination of chemical cross-linking and freeze-drying methods. We grafted AMP onto HA to endow the wound dressing with bacterial resistance and slow release of AMP. At the same time, the system detects bacterial activity in real time for precise antimicrobial activity (through the use of PVA-TPE) and modulates inflammation to reduce bacterial infection (through the use of AMP). In addition, the PVA-TPE/HA-AMP/SF/ALG wound dressing has a good three-dimensional mesh structure, which promotes cell proliferation, enhances collagen deposition and angiogenesis, and thus effectively promotes rapid healing of infected wounds. Moreover, it can induce the expression of inflammatory factors such as VEGF, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-4 and TGF-β1 in infected wounds through the Wnt/CAMK/p-PKC signaling pathway, inhibit inflammatory responses, promote wound healing and reduce scar formation. Therefore, the PVA-TPE/HA-AMP/SF/ALG wound dressing smart response system shows great promise in infected wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chen
- Department of Cadre Ward, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongjin Qian
- Department of Cadre Ward, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dandan Peng
- Department of Oncology, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Department of Cadre Ward, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiaolin Liu
- Department of Oncology, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Tan
- Department of Cadre Ward, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou, China
| | - Longbao Feng
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technological Research Centre for Drug Carrier Development, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Biao Cheng
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guilan Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou, China
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17
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Nah J, Lee Y, Seong RH. PRDM16 regulates γδT17 cell differentiation via controlling type 17 program and lipid-dependent cell fitness. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1332386. [PMID: 38239368 PMCID: PMC10794300 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1332386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
γδT17 cells are a subset of γδT cells producing IL-17, which is crucial for protection against bacterial and fungal infections. It has recently been shown that γδT17 cells have enriched lipid storage and lipid metabolism. However, the regulation of γδT17 cell function and differentiation with respect to lipids remains unknown. Here, we report that PRDM16 is a critical regulator of γδT17 cell differentiation, controlling type 17 immunity gene expression program and lipid-dependent cell fitness. We demonstrated that γδT17 cells have higher lipid-dependent cell fitness, which is negatively correlated with the expression of Prdm16. Loss of Prdm16 enhances the function and differentiation of γδT17 cells, and increases their fitness in lipid-rich environments. Specifically, loss of Prdm16 exacerbates development of psoriasis in the skin, a lipid-rich organ, and Prdm16 controls lipid-mediated differentiation of Vγ4+ γδT17 cells, which are the major source of IL-17 during the onset of psoriasis. Our study highlights the potential impact of PRDM16 on lipid-dependent fitness and protective immune function of γδT cells and also on the immunotherapy of psoriasis and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rho H. Seong
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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18
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Zhou Y, Cao T, Li Z, Qiao H, Dang E, Shao S, Wang G. Fibroblasts in immune-mediated inflammatory diseases: The soil of inflammation. Clin Immunol 2024; 258:109849. [PMID: 38008146 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2023.109849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
As one of the most abundant stromal cells, fibroblasts are primarily responsible for the production and remodeling of the extracellular matrix. Traditionally, fibroblasts have been viewed as quiescent cells. However, recent advances in multi-omics technologies have demonstrated that fibroblasts exhibit remarkable functional diversity at the single-cell level. Additionally, fibroblasts are heterogeneous in their origins, tissue locations, and transitions with stromal cells. The dynamic nature of fibroblasts is further underscored by the fact that disease stages can impact their heterogeneity and behavior, particularly in immune-mediated inflammatory diseases such as psoriasis, inflammatory bowel diseases, and rheumatoid arthritis, etc. Fibroblasts can actively contribute to the disease initiation, progression, and relapse by responding to local microenvironmental signals, secreting downstream inflammatory factors, and interacting with immune cells during the pathological process. Here we focus on the development, plasticity, and heterogeneity of fibroblasts in inflammation, emphasizing the need for a developmental and dynamic perspective on fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shannxi 710032, China
| | - Tianyu Cao
- Department of Dermatology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Zhiguo Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shannxi 710032, China
| | - Hongjiang Qiao
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shannxi 710032, China
| | - Erle Dang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shannxi 710032, China
| | - Shuai Shao
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shannxi 710032, China.
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shannxi 710032, China.
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19
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Xie L, Liu R, Li J, Li Y, He J, Zhang M, Yang H. A multifunctional and self-adaptive double-layer hydrogel dressing based on chitosan for deep wound repair. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127033. [PMID: 37742896 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogel wound dressing for irregular shape and deep wound repair is a research hotspot. Herein, a multifunctional and self-adaptive double-layer hydrogel was constructed, which was comprised of chitosan-based inner layer hydrogel and gellan gum-based outer layer hydrogel. Various properties of inner layer hydrogel were systematically investigated, including injectability, shape-adaptability, solid-liquid phase transition, biocompatibility, hemostasis, antibacterial performance and anti-inflammatory. Thanks to the phase-transition from solid to liquid at body temperature, inner layer hydrogel exhibited stronger adaptability to fill irregular and deep wounds, in which chitosan was liquefied and its therapeutic effect was maximized. Outer layer hydrogel was fabricated by calcium ions and gellan gum, whose certain mechanical strength could provide protection and a moister environment for wounds. Because of these characteristics, double-layer hydrogel markedly promoted skin tissue regeneration and wound closure and thereby possessed potential clinical application prospect as wound dressing for deep wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xie
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rong Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Jian Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Li
- Clinical Medical College, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinfeng He
- Clinical Medical College, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengyuan Zhang
- Clinical Medical College, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haijin Yang
- Clinical Medical College, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
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20
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Wang K, Cai X, Rao Y, Liu L, Hu Z, Peng H, Wang Y, Yang Y, Rao X, Nie K, Shang W. GehB Inactivates Lipoproteins to Delay the Healing of Acute Wounds Infected with Staphylococcus aureus. Curr Microbiol 2023; 81:36. [PMID: 38063939 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03550-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most prevalent bacteria found in acute wounds. S. aureus produces many virulence factors and extracellular enzymes that contribute to bacterial survival, dissemination, and pathogenicity. Lipase GehB is a glycerol ester hydrolase that hydrolyzes triglycerides to facilitate the evasion of S. aureus from host immune recognition. However, the role and mechanism of lipase GehB in skin acute wound healing after S. aureus infection remain unclear. In this study, we found that the gehB gene deletion mutant (USA300ΔgehB) stimulated significantly higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in RAW264.7 and Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2)-transfected HEK293 cells than the wild-type USA300 strain did. Recombinant GehB-His treated lipoprotein (Lpp) reduced stimulation of TLR2-dependent TNF-α production by RAW264.7 macrophages. GehB delayed the skin acute wound healing in BALB/c mice infected with S. aureus, while wound healing was similar in C57BL/6 TLR2-/- mice infected with either wild-type USA300 or USA300ΔgehB. In BALB/c mice, we also observed more bacterial survival, less leukocyte recruitment, lower IL-8 production, and adipocyte differentiation in USA300-infected skin acute wound tissues than those in USA300ΔgehB-challenged ones. Our data indicated that GehB inactivates lipoproteins to shield S. aureus from innate immune killing, resulting in delayed the healing of skin acute wounds infected with S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyu Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Burns, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, China
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, China
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering Under the Educational Committee in Chongqing, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xinyu Cai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Yifan Rao
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering Under the Educational Committee in Chongqing, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering Under the Educational Committee in Chongqing, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Zhen Hu
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering Under the Educational Committee in Chongqing, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Huagang Peng
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering Under the Educational Committee in Chongqing, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yuting Wang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering Under the Educational Committee in Chongqing, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering Under the Educational Committee in Chongqing, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xiancai Rao
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering Under the Educational Committee in Chongqing, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Kaiyu Nie
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Burns, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, China.
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, China.
| | - Weilong Shang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering Under the Educational Committee in Chongqing, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
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21
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Satzinger S, Willenborg S, Ding X, Klose CSN, Radtke D, Voehringer D, Eming SA. Type 2 Immunity Regulates Dermal White Adipose Tissue Function. J Invest Dermatol 2023; 143:2456-2467.e5. [PMID: 37295491 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 immune responses have been increasingly linked with tissue maintenance, regeneration, and metabolic homeostasis. The molecular basis of regulator and effector mechanisms of type 2 immunity in skin regeneration and homeostasis is still lacking. In this study, we analyzed the role of IL-4Rα signaling in the regeneration of diverse cellular compartments in the skin. Mutants with global IL-4Rα deficiency showed two major phenotypes: first, a pronounced atrophy of the interfollicular epidermis, and second, a significant increase in dermal white adipose tissue thickness in mice aged 3 weeks (postnatal day 21) compared with littermate controls. Notably, IL-4Rα deficiency decreased the activation of hormone-sensitive lipase, a rate-limiting step in lipolysis. Immunohistochemical and FACS analysis in IL-4/enhanced GFP reporter mice showed that IL-4 expression peaked on postnatal day 21 and that eosinophils are the predominant IL-4-expressing cells. Eosinophil-deficient mice recapitulated the lipolytic-defective dermal white adipose tissue phenotype of Il4ra-deficient mice, showing that eosinophils are necessary for dermal white adipose tissue lipolysis. Collectively, we provide mechanistic insights into the regulation of interfollicular epidermis and hormone-sensitive lipase-mediated lipolysis in dermal white adipose tissue in early life by IL-4Rα, and our findings show that eosinophils play a critical role in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xiaolei Ding
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Christoph S N Klose
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Radtke
- Department of Infection Biology, University Hospital Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - David Voehringer
- Department of Infection Biology, University Hospital Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sabine A Eming
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Institute of Zoology, Developmental Biology Unit, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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22
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Yao L, Jeong S, Kwon HR, Olson LE. Regulation of adipocyte dedifferentiation at the skin wound edge. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.22.568302. [PMID: 38045303 PMCID: PMC10690246 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.22.568302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Adipocytes have diverse roles in energy storage and metabolism, inflammation, and tissue repair. Mature adipocytes have been assumed to be terminally differentiated cells. However, recent evidence suggests that adipocytes retain substantial phenotypic plasticity, with potential to dedifferentiate into fibroblast-like cells under physiological and pathological conditions. Here, we develop a two-step lineage tracing approach based on the observation that fibroblasts express platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha ( Pdgfra ) while adipocytes express Adiponectin ( Adipoq ) but not Pdgfra . Our approach specifically traces Pdgfra + cells that originate from Adipoq + adipocytes. We find many traced adipocytes and fibroblast-like cells surrounding skin wounds, but only a few traced cells localize to the wound center. In agreement with adipocyte plasticity, traced adipocytes incorporate EdU, downregulate Plin1 and PPARγ, and upregulate αSMA. We also investigate the role of potential dedifferentiation signals using constitutively active PDGFRα mutation, Pdgfra knockout, or Tgfbr2 knockout models. We find that PDGF and TGFβ signaling both promote dedifferentiation, and PDGFRα does so independently of TGFβR2. These results demonstrate an intersectional genetic approach to trace the hybrid cell phenotype of Pdgfra + adipocytes, which may be important for wound repair, regeneration and fibrosis.
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23
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Redruello-Romero A, Benitez-Cantos MS, Lopez-Perez D, García-Rubio J, Tamayo F, Pérez-Bartivas D, Moreno-SanJuan S, Ruiz-Palmero I, Puentes-Pardo JD, Vilchez JR, López-Nevot MÁ, García F, Cano C, León J, Carazo Á. Human adipose tissue as a major reservoir of cytomegalovirus-reactive T cells. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1303724. [PMID: 38053998 PMCID: PMC10694288 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1303724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common herpesvirus with a high prevalence worldwide. After the acute infection phase, CMV can remain latent in several tissues. CD8 T cells in the lungs and salivary glands mainly control its reactivation control. White adipose tissue (WAT) contains a significant population of memory T cells reactive to viral antigens, but CMV specificity has mainly been studied in mouse WAT. Therefore, we obtained blood, omental WAT (oWAT), subcutaneous WAT (sWAT), and liver samples from 11 obese donors to characterize the human WAT adaptive immune landscape from a phenotypic and immune receptor specificity perspective. Methods We performed high-throughput sequencing of the T cell receptor (TCR) locus to analyze tissue and blood TCR repertoires of the 11 donors. The presence of TCRs specific to CMV epitopes was tested through ELISpot assays. Moreover, phenotypic characterization of T cells was carried out through flow cytometry. Results High-throughput sequencing analyses revealed that tissue TCR repertoires in oWAT, sWAT, and liver samples were less diverse and dominated by hyperexpanded clones when compared to blood samples. Additionally, we predicted the presence of TCRs specific to viral epitopes, particularly from CMV, which was confirmed by ELISpot assays. Remarkably, we found that oWAT has a higher proportion of CMV-reactive T cells than blood or sWAT. Finally, flow cytometry analyses indicated that most WAT-infiltrated lymphocytes were tissue-resident effector memory CD8 T cells. Discussion Overall, these findings postulate human oWAT as a major reservoir of CMV-specific T cells, presumably for latent viral reactivation control. This study enhances our understanding of the adaptive immune response in human WAT and highlights its potential role in antiviral defense.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria S. Benitez-Cantos
- Research Unit, Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology III and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, Granada, Spain
| | - David Lopez-Perez
- Research Unit, Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | | | - Daniel Pérez-Bartivas
- Research Unit, Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - Sara Moreno-SanJuan
- Research Unit, Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
- Cytometry and Microscopy Research Service, Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - Isabel Ruiz-Palmero
- Research Unit, Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - Jose D. Puentes-Pardo
- Research Unit, Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Jose R. Vilchez
- Research Unit, Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
- Clinical Analyses and Immunology Unit, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, Spain
| | - Miguel Á. López-Nevot
- Research Unit, Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology III and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Clinical Analyses and Immunology Unit, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, Spain
| | - Federico García
- Research Unit, Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
- Clinical Microbiology Unit, San Cecilio University Hospital, Granada, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) of Infectious Diseases, Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Cano
- Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Josefa León
- Research Unit, Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
- Digestive Unit, San Cecilio University Hospital, Granada, Spain
| | - Ángel Carazo
- Research Unit, Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
- Clinical Microbiology Unit, San Cecilio University Hospital, Granada, Spain
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24
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Chen FZ, Tan PC, Yang Z, Li Q, Zhou SB. Identifying characteristics of dermal fibroblasts in skin homeostasis and disease. Clin Exp Dermatol 2023; 48:1317-1327. [PMID: 37566911 DOI: 10.1093/ced/llad257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Heterogeneous dermal fibroblasts are the main components that constitute the dermis. Distinct fibroblast subgroups show specific characteristics and functional plasticity that determine dermal structure during skin development and wound healing. Although researchers have described the roles of fibroblast subsets, this is not completely understood. We review recent evidence supporting understanding about the heterogeneity of fibroblasts. We summarize the origins and the identified profiles of fibroblast subpopulations. The characteristics of fibroblast subpopulations in both healthy and diseased states are highlighted, and the potential of subpopulations to be involved in wound healing in different ways was discussed. Additionally, we review the plasticity of subpopulations and the underlying signalling mechanisms. This review may provide greater insights into potential novel therapeutic targets and tissue regeneration strategies for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Zhou Chen
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Poh-Ching Tan
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zihan Yang
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qingfeng Li
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuang-Bai Zhou
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
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25
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Wang J, Duan Z, Zeng R, Yang L, Liu W, Liu Y, Yao Q, Chen X, Zhang LJ, Li M. Antimicrobial peptide-producing dermal preadipocytes defend against Candida albicans skin infection via the FGFR-MEK-ERK pathway. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011754. [PMID: 38032898 PMCID: PMC10688742 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Dermal fibroblasts (dFBs) defend against deep bacterial skin infections by differentiating into preadipocytes (pAds) that produce the antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin; this differentiation is known as the dermal reactive adipogenesis response. However, the role of dFBs in fungal infection remains unknown. Here, we found that cathelicidin-producing pAds were present in high numbers in skin lesions from patients with cutaneous Candida granulomas. Second, we showed that dermal Candida albicans (C. albicans) infection in mice robustly triggered the dermal reactive adipogenesis response and induced cathelicidin expression, and inhibition of adipogenesis with pharmacological inhibitors of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) impaired skin resistance to C. albicans. In vitro, C. albicans products induced cathelicidin expression in pAds, and differentiating pAds markedly suppressed the growth of C. albicans by producing cathelicidin. Finally, we showed that C. albicans induced an antimicrobial response in pAds through the FGFR-MEK-ERK pathway. Together, our data reveal a previously unknown role of dFBs in the defense against skin infection caused by C. albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and Sexually Transmitted Infections, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhimin Duan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and Sexually Transmitted Infections, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Rong Zeng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and Sexually Transmitted Infections, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and Sexually Transmitted Infections, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Weizhao Liu
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yiman Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qian Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and Sexually Transmitted Infections, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ling-juan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Min Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and Sexually Transmitted Infections, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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26
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Schmid A, Karrasch T, Schäffler A. The emerging role of bile acids in white adipose tissue. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2023; 34:718-734. [PMID: 37648561 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2023.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The effects of bile acids (BAs) on liver, enteroendocrine function, small intestine, and brown adipose tissue have been described extensively. Outside the liver, BAs in the peripheral circulation system represent a specific but underappreciated physiological compartment. We discuss how systemic BAs can be regarded as specific steroidal hormones that act on white adipocytes, and suggest the name 'bilokines' ('bile hormones') for the specific FXR/TGR5 receptor interaction in adipocytes. Some BAs and their agonists regulate adipocyte differentiation, lipid accumulation, hypoxia, autophagy, adipokine and cytokine secretion, insulin signaling, and glucose uptake. BA signaling could provide a new therapeutic avenue for adipoflammation and metaflammation in visceral obesity, the causal mechanisms underlying insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Schmid
- Basic Research Laboratory for Molecular Endocrinology, Adipocyte Biology, and Biochemistry, University of Giessen, D 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Thomas Karrasch
- Department of Internal Medicine III - Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolism, University of Giessen, D 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Andreas Schäffler
- Department of Internal Medicine III - Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolism, University of Giessen, D 35392 Giessen, Germany.
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27
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Höpfinger A, Schmid A, Schweitzer L, Patz M, Weber A, Schäffler A, Karrasch T. Regulation of Cathelicidin Antimicrobial Peptide (CAMP) Gene Expression by TNFα and cfDNA in Adipocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15820. [PMID: 37958808 PMCID: PMC10649744 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the complex interactions between metabolism and the immune system ("metaflammation") is crucial for the identification of key immunomodulatory factors as potential therapeutic targets in obesity and in cardiovascular diseases. Cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (CAMP) is an important factor of innate immunity and is expressed in adipocytes. CAMP, therefore, might play a role as an adipokine in metaflammation and adipose inflammation. TNFα, cell-free nucleic acids (cfDNA), and toll-like receptor (TLR) 9 are components of the innate immune system and are functionally active in adipose tissue. The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of TNFα and cfDNA on CAMP expression in adipocytes. Since cfDNA acts as a physiological TLR9 agonist, we additionally investigated TLR9-mediated CAMP regulation in adipocytes and adipose tissue. CAMP gene expression in murine 3T3-L1 and human SGBS adipocytes and in murine and human adipose tissues was quantified by real-time PCR. Adipocyte inflammation was induced in vitro by TNFα and cfDNA stimulation. Serum CAMP concentrations in TLR9 knockout (KO) and in wildtype mice were quantified by ELISA. In primary adipocytes of wildtype and TLR9 KO mice, CAMP gene expression was quantified by real-time PCR. CAMP gene expression was considerably increased in 3T3-L1 and SGBS adipocytes during differentiation. TNFα significantly induced CAMP gene expression in mature adipocytes, which was effectively antagonized by inhibition of PI3K signaling. Cell-free nucleic acids (cfDNA) significantly impaired CAMP gene expression, whereas synthetic agonistic and antagonistic TLR9 ligands had no effect. CAMP and TLR9 gene expression were correlated positively in murine and human subcutaneous but not in intra-abdominal/visceral adipose tissues. Male TLR9 knockout mice exhibited lower systemic CAMP concentrations than wildtype mice. CAMP gene expression levels in primary adipocytes did not significantly differ between wildtype and TLR9 KO mice. These findings suggest a regulatory role of inflammatory mediators, such as TNFα and cfDNA, in adipocytic CAMP expression as a novel putative molecular mechanism in adipose tissue innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Höpfinger
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany (A.S.); (T.K.)
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28
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Tikhonova N, Milovanov AP, Aleksankina VV, Kulikov IA, Fokina TV, Aleksankin AP, Belousova TN, Mikhaleva LM, Niziaeva NV. Adipocytes in the Uterine Wall during Experimental Healing and in Cesarean Scars during Pregnancy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15255. [PMID: 37894936 PMCID: PMC10607476 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We have suggested that adipocytes in uterine scars may affect the development of the placenta accrete spectrum (PAS). In the experimental part, we explored adipocytes in the uterine wall by the twelfth sexual cycle after surgery. In the clinical part, we investigated adipocyte clusters in the cesarean scar of pregnant women with and without PAS. The uterine wall was evaluated in gross and histological sections using morphometry, histochemistry (hematoxylin and eosin stain, Mallory stain), and immunohistochemistry for FABP4 (adipocyte markers), CD68, CD163, CD206 (macrophages), CD 34 (endothelium), cytokeratin 8 (epithelium), aSMA (smooth muscle cells). The design included an experimental study on Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 18) after a full-thickness surgical incision on the seventh (n = 6), 30th (n = 6), and 60th day (n = 6). The clinical groups include pregnant women without uterine scars (n = 10), pregnant women with a uterine scar after previous cesarean sections (n = 10), and women with PAS (n = 11). Statistical processing was carried out using nonparametric methods. Comparisons were conducted using the Mann-Whitney U-test and Kruskal-Wallis test. Statistical significance was considered at p < 0.05. On the seventh day, the rat uterine horn was enveloped by adipose tissue, which contained crown-like structures with FABP4+, CD68+, CD206+, and CD163+ cells. FABP4+ cells in the uterine wall were absent by the 30th day. The number of CD206+ and CD163+ cells in the adipose tissue decreased by the 30th day. On the 60th day, the attachment of fat tissue was revealed in the form of single strands. The serous layer around the damaged area totally recovered on the 60th day. FABP4+ cells were not detected in the uterine wall samples from pregnant women without a previous cesarean section. Adipocytes were found in the scar during non-complicated pregnancy and with PAS. Reducing the number of CD68+ cells in adipocyte clusters, there were in myometrium with PAS. Increased CD206+ and CD163+ cells were revealed in uterine adipocyte clusters of the group. According to the experimental finding, adipocytes should be absent in the uterine wall by the 12th sexual cycle after a full-thickness surgical incision. The presence of adipocyte clusters in cesarean scar indicated the disturbance of cell interaction. Differences in the numbers of CD206 and CD163 cells in adipocyte clusters between groups with and without PAS may be indirect evidence that uterine adipocytes affect the development of PAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Tikhonova
- Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of FSBSI “Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery”, 119991 Moscow, Russia (T.V.F.); (A.P.A.); (N.V.N.)
| | - Andrey P. Milovanov
- Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of FSBSI “Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery”, 119991 Moscow, Russia (T.V.F.); (A.P.A.); (N.V.N.)
| | - Valentina V. Aleksankina
- Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of FSBSI “Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery”, 119991 Moscow, Russia (T.V.F.); (A.P.A.); (N.V.N.)
| | - Ilyas A. Kulikov
- SBHI of the Moscow Region “Vidnovsky Perinatal Center”, 142700 Moscow, Russia (T.N.B.)
| | - Tatiana V. Fokina
- Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of FSBSI “Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery”, 119991 Moscow, Russia (T.V.F.); (A.P.A.); (N.V.N.)
| | - Andrey P. Aleksankin
- Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of FSBSI “Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery”, 119991 Moscow, Russia (T.V.F.); (A.P.A.); (N.V.N.)
| | - Tamara N. Belousova
- SBHI of the Moscow Region “Vidnovsky Perinatal Center”, 142700 Moscow, Russia (T.N.B.)
| | - Ludmila M. Mikhaleva
- Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of FSBSI “Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery”, 119991 Moscow, Russia (T.V.F.); (A.P.A.); (N.V.N.)
| | - Natalya V. Niziaeva
- Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of FSBSI “Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery”, 119991 Moscow, Russia (T.V.F.); (A.P.A.); (N.V.N.)
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29
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Yang X, Hao J, Luo J, Lu X, Kong X. Adipose tissue‑derived extracellular vesicles: Systemic messengers in health and disease (Review). Mol Med Rep 2023; 28:189. [PMID: 37615193 PMCID: PMC10502927 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2023.13076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) is a complicated metabolic organ consisting of a heterogeneous population of cells that exert wide‑ranging effects on the regulation of systemic metabolism and in maintaining metabolic homeostasis. Various obesity‑related complications are associated with the development of dysfunctional AT. As an essential transmitter of intercellular information, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have recently been recognized as crucial in regulating multiple physiological functions. AT‑derived extracellular vesicles (ADEVs) have been shown to facilitate cellular communication both inside and between ATs and other peripheral organs. Here, the role of EVs released from ATs in the homeostasis of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and neurological disorders by delivering lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids between different cells is summarized. Furthermore, the differences in the sources of ADEVs, such as adipocytes, AT macrophages, AT‑derived stem cells, and AT‑derived mesenchymal stem cells, are also discussed. This review may provide valuable information for the potential application of ADEVs in metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
- Orthopedics Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zheijiang 310002, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zheijiang 310002, P.R. China
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zheijiang 310002, P.R. China
| | - Jiayue Hao
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zheijiang 310058, P.R. China
| | - Jie Luo
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zheijiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Xinliang Lu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center and Institute of Immunology of The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P.R. China
| | - Xianghui Kong
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center and Institute of Immunology of The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P.R. China
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30
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Guo Y, Hu Z, Chen J, Zhang J, Fan Z, Qu Q, Miao Y. Feasibility of adipose-derived therapies for hair regeneration: Insights based on signaling interplay and clinical overview. J Am Acad Dermatol 2023; 89:784-794. [PMID: 34883154 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2021.11.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Dermal white adipose tissue (dWAT) is a dynamic component of the skin and closely interacts with the hair follicle. Interestingly, dWAT envelops the hair follicle during anagen and undergoes fluctuations in volume throughout the hair cycle. dWAT-derived extracellular vesicles can significantly regulate the hair cycle, and this provides a theoretical basis for utilizing adipose tissue as a feasible clinical strategy to treat hair loss. However, the amount and depth of the available literature are far from enough to fully elucidate the prominent role of dWAT in modulating the hair growth cycle. This review starts by investigating the hair cycle-coupled dWAT remodeling and the reciprocal signaling interplay underneath. Then, it summarizes the current literature and assesses the advantages and limitations of clinical research utilizing adipose-derived therapies for hair regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilong Guo
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhiqi Hu
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jiarui Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhexiang Fan
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qian Qu
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Yong Miao
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
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Walendzik K, Kopcewicz M, Wiśniewska J, Opyd P, Machcińska-Zielińska S, Gawrońska-Kozak B. Dermal white adipose tissue development and metabolism: The role of transcription factor Foxn1. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23171. [PMID: 37682531 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300873rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Intradermal adipocytes form dermal white adipose tissue (dWAT), a unique fat depot localized in the lower layer of the dermis. However, recognition of molecular factors regulating dWAT development, homeostasis, and bioactivity is limited. Using Foxn1-/- and Foxn1+/+ mice, we demonstrated that epidermally expressed Foxn1 regulates dWAT development and defines the adipogenic capacity of dermal fibroblasts. In intact and post-wounded skin, Foxn1 contributes to the initial stimulation of dWAT adipogenesis and participates in the modulation of lipid metabolism processes. Furthermore, Foxn1 activity strengthens adipogenic processes through Bmp2 and Igf2 signaling and regulates lipid metabolism in differentiated dermal fibroblasts. The results reveal the contribution of Foxn1 to dWAT metabolism, thus identifying possible targets for modulation and regulation of dWAT in physiological and pathological processes in the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Walendzik
- Biological Function of Food, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Marta Kopcewicz
- Biological Function of Food, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Joanna Wiśniewska
- Biological Function of Food, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Paulina Opyd
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Sylwia Machcińska-Zielińska
- Biological Function of Food, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Barbara Gawrońska-Kozak
- Biological Function of Food, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
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Singh P, Ali SA. Mature white adipocyte plasticity during mammary gland remodelling and cancer. CELL INSIGHT 2023; 2:100123. [PMID: 37771567 PMCID: PMC10522874 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellin.2023.100123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Mammary gland growth and differentiation predominantly rely on stromal-epithelial cellular communication. Specifically, mammary adipocytes play a crucial role in ductal morphogenesis, as well as in the proliferation and differentiation of mammary epithelial cells. The process of lactation entails a reduction in the levels of white adipose tissue associated with the MG, allowing for the expansion of milk-producing epithelial cells. Subsequently, during involution and the regression of the milk-producing unit, adipocyte layers resurface, occupying the vacated space. This dynamic phenomenon underscores the remarkable plasticity and expansion of adipose tissue. Traditionally considered terminally differentiated, adipocytes have recently been found to exhibit plasticity in certain contexts. Unraveling the significance of this cell type within the MG could pave the way for novel approaches to reduce the risk of breast cancer and enhance lactation performance. Moreover, a comprehensive understanding of adipocyte trans- and de-differentiation processes holds promise for the development of innovative therapeutic interventions targeting cancer, fibrosis, obesity, type 2 diabetes, and other related diseases. Additionally, adipocytes may find utility in the realm of regenerative medicine. This review article provides a comprehensive examination of recent advancements in our understanding of MG remodelling, with a specific focus on the tissue-specific functions of adipocytes and their role in the development of cancer. By synthesizing current knowledge in this field, it aims to consolidate our understanding of adipocyte biology within the context of mammary gland biology, thereby fostering further research and discovery in this vital area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parul Singh
- Cell Biology and Proteomics Lab, Animal Biotechnology Center, ICAR-NDRI, 132001, India
- Division of Radiation Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Syed Azmal Ali
- Cell Biology and Proteomics Lab, Animal Biotechnology Center, ICAR-NDRI, 132001, India
- Division Proteomics of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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33
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Lee KY, Emanuelli B, Ussar S. Editorial: Healthy adipose tissue expansion. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1287533. [PMID: 37842087 PMCID: PMC10569462 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1287533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Y. Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- The Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Brice Emanuelli
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Siegfried Ussar
- RG Adipocytes and Metabolism, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
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Gawronska-Kozak B, Kopcewicz M, Machcinska-Zielinska S, Walendzik K, Wisniewska J, Drukała J, Wasniewski T, Rutkowska J, Malinowski P, Pulinski M. Gender Differences in Post-Operative Human Skin. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2653. [PMID: 37893027 PMCID: PMC10604277 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the impact of age, gender, and obesity on the skin wound healing process has been extensively studied, the data related to gender differences in aspects of skin scarring are limited. The present study performed on abdominal human intact and scar skin focused on determining gender differences in extracellular matrix (ECM) composition, dermal white adipose tissue (dWAT) accumulation, and Foxn1 expression as a part of the skin response to injury. Scar skin of men showed highly increased levels of COLLAGEN 1A1, COLLAGEN 6A3, and ELASTIN mRNA expression, the accumulation of thick collagen I-positive fibers, and the accumulation of α-SMA-positive cells in comparison to the scar skin of women. However, post-injured skin of women displayed an increase (in comparison to post-injured men's skin) in collagen III accumulation in the scar area. On the contrary, women's skin samples showed a tendency towards higher levels of adipogenic-related genes (PPARγ, FABP4, LEPTIN) than men, regardless of intact or scar skin. Intact skin of women showed six times higher levels of LEPTIN mRNA expression in comparison to men intact (p < 0.05), men post-injured (p < 0.05), or women post-injured scar (p < 0.05) skin. Higher levels of FOXN1 mRNA and protein were also detected in women than in men's skin. In conclusion, the present data confirm and extend (dWAT layer) the data related to the presence of differences between men and women in the skin, particularly in scar tissues, which may contribute to the more effective and gender-tailored improvement of skin care interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Gawronska-Kozak
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland; (M.K.); (S.M.-Z.); (K.W.); (J.W.)
| | - Marta Kopcewicz
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland; (M.K.); (S.M.-Z.); (K.W.); (J.W.)
| | - Sylwia Machcinska-Zielinska
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland; (M.K.); (S.M.-Z.); (K.W.); (J.W.)
| | - Katarzyna Walendzik
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland; (M.K.); (S.M.-Z.); (K.W.); (J.W.)
| | - Joanna Wisniewska
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland; (M.K.); (S.M.-Z.); (K.W.); (J.W.)
| | - Justyna Drukała
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 31-007 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Wasniewski
- Department of Obstetrics, Perinatology and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Joanna Rutkowska
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Piotr Malinowski
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Michał Pulinski
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
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Jahan I, Kumar SD, Shin SY, Lee CW, Shin SH, Yang S. Multifunctional Properties of BMAP-18 and Its Aliphatic Analog against Drug-Resistant Bacteria. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1356. [PMID: 37895827 PMCID: PMC10609797 DOI: 10.3390/ph16101356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BMAP-18, derived from the N-terminal region of bovine myeloid antimicrobial peptide BMAP-27, demonstrates potent antimicrobial activity without cytotoxicity. This study aimed to compare the antibacterial, antibiofilm, and anti-inflammatory properties of BMAP-18, rich in aromatic phenylalanine residues, with its aliphatic analog, BMAP-18-FL. Both aromatic BMAP-18 and aliphatic BMAP-18-FL exhibited equally potent antimicrobial activities against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, particularly methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MDRPA). Mechanistic investigations employing SYTOX green uptake, DNA binding, and FACScan analysis revealed that both peptides acted by inducing membrane permeabilization and subsequent intracellular targeting. Moreover, both BMAP-18 and BMAP-18-FL effectively prevented biofilm formation and eradicated existing biofilms of MRSA and MDRPA. Notably, BMAP-18-FL displayed a superior anti-inflammatory activity compared to BMAP-18, significantly reducing the expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages. This study emphasizes the similarities and differences in the antimicrobial, antibiofilm, and anti-inflammatory properties between aromatic BMAP-18 and aliphatic BMAP-18-FL, providing valuable insights for the development of multifunctional antimicrobial peptides against drug-resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishrat Jahan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sukumar Dinesh Kumar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea; (S.D.K.); (S.Y.S.)
| | - Song Yub Shin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea; (S.D.K.); (S.Y.S.)
| | - Chul Won Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sung-Heui Shin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea; (S.D.K.); (S.Y.S.)
| | - Sungtae Yang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
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36
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Raja E, Clarin MTRDC, Yanagisawa H. Matricellular Proteins in the Homeostasis, Regeneration, and Aging of Skin. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14274. [PMID: 37762584 PMCID: PMC10531864 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Matricellular proteins are secreted extracellular proteins that bear no primary structural functions but play crucial roles in tissue remodeling during development, homeostasis, and aging. Despite their low expression after birth, matricellular proteins within skin compartments support the structural function of many extracellular matrix proteins, such as collagens. In this review, we summarize the function of matricellular proteins in skin stem cell niches that influence stem cells' fate and self-renewal ability. In the epidermal stem cell niche, fibulin 7 promotes epidermal stem cells' heterogeneity and fitness into old age, and the transforming growth factor-β-induced protein ig-h3 (TGFBI)-enhances epidermal stem cell growth and wound healing. In the hair follicle stem cell niche, matricellular proteins such as periostin, tenascin C, SPARC, fibulin 1, CCN2, and R-Spondin 2 and 3 modulate stem cell activity during the hair cycle and may stabilize arrector pili muscle attachment to the hair follicle during piloerections (goosebumps). In skin wound healing, matricellular proteins are upregulated, and their functions have been examined in various gain-and-loss-of-function studies. However, much remains unknown concerning whether these proteins modulate skin stem cell behavior, plasticity, or cell-cell communications during wound healing and aging, leaving a new avenue for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erna Raja
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan; (E.R.); (M.T.R.D.C.C.)
| | - Maria Thea Rane Dela Cruz Clarin
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan; (E.R.); (M.T.R.D.C.C.)
- Ph.D. Program in Humanics, School of Integrative and Global Majors (SIGMA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
| | - Hiromi Yanagisawa
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan; (E.R.); (M.T.R.D.C.C.)
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37
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Wang J, Duan Z, Chen X, Li M. The immune function of dermal fibroblasts in skin defence against pathogens. Exp Dermatol 2023; 32:1326-1333. [PMID: 37387265 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Dermal fibroblasts are the main resident cells of the dermis. They have several significant functions related to wound healing, extracellular matrix production and hair cycling. Dermal fibroblasts can also act as sentinels in defence against infection. They express pattern recognition receptors such as toll-like receptors to sense pathogen components, followed by the synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines (including IL-6, IFN-β and TNF-α), chemokines (such as IL-8 and CXCL1) and antimicrobial peptides. Dermal fibroblasts also secrete other molecules-like growth factors and matrix metalloproteinases to benefit tissue repair from infection. Crosstalk between dermal fibroblasts and immune cells may amplify the immune response against infection. Moreover, the transition of a certain adipogenic fibroblasts to adipocytes protects skin from bacterial infection. Together, we discuss the role of dermal fibroblasts in the war against pathogens in this review. Dermal fibroblasts have important immune functions in anti-infection immunity, which should not be overlooked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Wang
- Institute of Dermatology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and Sexually Transmitted Infections, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhimin Duan
- Institute of Dermatology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and Sexually Transmitted Infections, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Institute of Dermatology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and Sexually Transmitted Infections, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Li
- Institute of Dermatology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and Sexually Transmitted Infections, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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38
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Höpfinger A, Karrasch T, Schäffler A, Schmid A. Circulating Concentrations of Cathelicidin Anti-Microbial Peptide (CAMP) Are Increased during Oral Glucose Tolerance Test. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12901. [PMID: 37629082 PMCID: PMC10454907 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent investigation has revealed the significant role of Cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (CAMP) in infection defense and innate immunity processes in adipose tissue. Meanwhile, knowledge of its regulation and functions in metabolic contexts as an adipokine remains sparce. The present study investigated the postprandial regulation of circulating CAMP levels during oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs). Eighty-six metabolically healthy volunteers participated in a standardized 75 g-2 h-OGTT setting. The effects of exogenous glucose, insulin, and incretins on CAMP expression in human adipocyte culture (cell-line SGBS) were studied in vitro. CAMP concentrations in blood serum samples were measured by ELISA techniques and adipocyte gene expression levels were quantified by real-time PCR. Of note, base-line CAMP serum quantities were negatively correlated with HDL cholesterol levels as well as with the anti-inflammatory adipokine adiponectin. During the 2 h following glucose ingestion, a significant rise in circulating CAMP concentrations was observed in considerable contrast to reduced quantities of fatty acid binding proteins (FABP) 2 and 4 and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4). In SGBS adipocytes, neither differing glucose levels nor insulin or incretin treatment significantly induced CAMP mRNA levels. According to our data, glucose represents a positive postprandial regulator of systemic CAMP. This effect apparently is not mediated by the regulatory impact of glucose metabolism on adipocyte CAMP expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Höpfinger
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Giessen University Hospital, Klinikstrasse 33, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (T.K.); (A.S.); (A.S.)
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Safi R, Sánchez-Álvarez M, Bosch M, Demangel C, Parton RG, Pol A. Defensive-lipid droplets: Cellular organelles designed for antimicrobial immunity. Immunol Rev 2023; 317:113-136. [PMID: 36960679 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Microbes have developed many strategies to subvert host organisms, which, in turn, evolved several innate immune responses. As major lipid storage organelles of eukaryotes, lipid droplets (LDs) are an attractive source of nutrients for invaders. Intracellular viruses, bacteria, and protozoan parasites induce and physically interact with LDs, and the current view is that they "hijack" LDs to draw on substrates for host colonization. This dogma has been challenged by the recent demonstration that LDs are endowed with a protein-mediated antibiotic activity, which is upregulated in response to danger signals and sepsis. Dependence on host nutrients could be a generic "Achilles' heel" of intracellular pathogens and LDs a suitable chokepoint harnessed by innate immunity to organize a front-line defense. Here, we will provide a brief overview of the state of the conflict and discuss potential mechanisms driving the formation of the 'defensive-LDs' functioning as hubs of innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Safi
- Lipid Trafficking and Disease Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Sánchez-Álvarez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (IIB), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Bosch
- Lipid Trafficking and Disease Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Caroline Demangel
- Immunobiology and Therapy Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1224, Paris, France
| | - Robert G Parton
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis (CMM), University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Albert Pol
- Lipid Trafficking and Disease Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
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40
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Höpfinger A, Karrasch T, Schäffler A, Schmid A. Circulating Levels of Cathelicidin Antimicrobial Peptide (CAMP) Are Affected by Oral Lipid Ingestion. Nutrients 2023; 15:3021. [PMID: 37447348 DOI: 10.3390/nu15133021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity and related diseases are among the main public health issues in the western world. They are thought to be caused by a state of chronic, low-grade inflammation. Cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (CAMP) was recently discovered to be expressed and secreted by adipocytes. Representing a novel immunomodulatory adipokine, CAMP might play an important role in the complex interaction between metabolism and inflammation. METHODS In a cohort of 80 volunteers, serum samples were collected prior to, and 2 h, 4 h, and 6 h after, oral lipid ingestion. CAMP, fatty acid binding proteins 2 and 4 (FABP-2/-4), and dipeptidylpeptidase-4 (DPP-4) serum concentrations were measured via ELISA. Human Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome (SGBS) adipocytes were treated with free fatty acids, and gene expression levels of CAMP, FABP-4, and DPP-4 were quantified by RT-PCR. RESULTS The mean base-line CAMP serum concentration was 55.78 ± 29.26 ng/mL, with a range of 10.77-146.24 ng/mL. Interestingly, CAMP serum levels were positively correlated with LDL cholesterol, but negatively correlated with HDL cholesterol and adiponectin. Men exhibited higher CAMP serum concentrations than women, an effect apparently linked to oral contraception in the majority of female participants. In both genders, CAMP serum concentrations significantly decreased in a stepwise manner 4 h and 6 h after oral lipid ingestion. This decline was paralleled by a rise of serum bile acid and triglyceride levels upon lipid ingestion. In human SGBS adipocytes, treatment with free fatty acids did not affect CAMP gene expression, but increased FABP-4 gene expression. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, systemic levels of the antimicrobial peptide and novel adipokine CAMP are significantly decreased upon oral lipid ingestion. While this decline might be linked to the simultaneous increase in bile acids, the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Furthermore, CAMP might indicate a putative novel cardiovascular biomarker of both inflammatory and metabolic relevance in metaflammation and adipose inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Höpfinger
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Giessen, Klinikstr. 33, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Thomas Karrasch
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Giessen, Klinikstr. 33, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Andreas Schäffler
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Giessen, Klinikstr. 33, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Andreas Schmid
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Giessen, Klinikstr. 33, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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Sun L, Zhang X, Wu S, Liu Y, Guerrero-Juarez CF, Liu W, Huang J, Yao Q, Yin M, Li J, Ramos R, Liao Y, Wu R, Xia T, Zhang X, Yang Y, Li F, Heng S, Zhang W, Yang M, Tzeng CM, Ji C, Plikus MV, Gallo RL, Zhang LJ. Dynamic interplay between IL-1 and WNT pathways in regulating dermal adipocyte lineage cells during skin development and wound regeneration. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112647. [PMID: 37330908 PMCID: PMC10765379 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Dermal adipocyte lineage cells are highly plastic and can undergo reversible differentiation and dedifferentiation in response to various stimuli. Using single-cell RNA sequencing of developing or wounded mouse skin, we classify dermal fibroblasts (dFBs) into distinct non-adipogenic and adipogenic cell states. Cell differentiation trajectory analyses identify IL-1-NF-κB and WNT-β-catenin as top signaling pathways that positively and negatively associate with adipogenesis, respectively. Upon wounding, activation of adipocyte progenitors and wound-induced adipogenesis are mediated in part by neutrophils through the IL-1R-NF-κB-CREB signaling axis. In contrast, WNT activation, by WNT ligand and/or ablation of Gsk3, inhibits the adipogenic potential of dFBs but promotes lipolysis and dedifferentiation of mature adipocytes, contributing to myofibroblast formation. Finally, sustained WNT activation and inhibition of adipogenesis is seen in human keloids. These data reveal molecular mechanisms underlying the plasticity of dermal adipocyte lineage cells, defining potential therapeutic targets for defective wound healing and scar formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Shuai Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Youxi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | | | - Wenjie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Jinwen Huang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qian Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Meimei Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Jiacheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Raul Ramos
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Yanhang Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Rundong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Tian Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Xinyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Yichun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Fengwu Li
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Shujun Heng
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Wenlu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Minggang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 350005, China
| | - Chi-Meng Tzeng
- Translation Medicine Research Center (TMRC), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Chao Ji
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Maksim V Plikus
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Richard L Gallo
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Ling-Juan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China.
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Rivera-Gonzalez GC, Butka EG, Gonzalez CE, Kong W, Jindal K, Morris SA. Single-cell lineage tracing reveals hierarchy and mechanism of adipocyte precursor maturation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.01.543318. [PMID: 37398135 PMCID: PMC10312565 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.01.543318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
White adipose tissue is crucial in various physiological processes. In response to high caloric intake, adipose tissue may expand by generating new adipocytes. Adipocyte precursor cells (progenitors and preadipocytes) are essential for generating mature adipocytes, and single-cell RNA sequencing provides new means to identify these populations. Here, we characterized adipocyte precursor populations in the skin, an adipose depot with rapid and robust generation of mature adipocytes. We identified a new population of immature preadipocytes, revealed a biased differentiation potential of progenitor cells, and identified Sox9 as a critical factor in driving progenitors toward adipose commitment, the first known mechanism of progenitor differentiation. These findings shed light on the specific dynamics and molecular mechanisms underlying rapid adipogenesis in the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo C. Rivera-Gonzalez
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine; 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine; 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine; 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Emily G. Butka
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine; 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine; 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine; 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Carolynn E. Gonzalez
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine; 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine; 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine; 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Wenjun Kong
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine; 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine; 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine; 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kunal Jindal
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine; 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine; 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine; 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Samantha A. Morris
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine; 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine; 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine; 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Kalgudde Gopal S, Dai R, Stefanska AM, Ansari M, Zhao J, Ramesh P, Bagnoli JW, Correa-Gallegos D, Lin Y, Christ S, Angelidis I, Lupperger V, Marr C, Davies LC, Enard W, Machens HG, Schiller HB, Jiang D, Rinkevich Y. Wound infiltrating adipocytes are not myofibroblasts. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3020. [PMID: 37230982 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38591-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The origins of wound myofibroblasts and scar tissue remains unclear, but it is assumed to involve conversion of adipocytes into myofibroblasts. Here, we directly explore the potential plasticity of adipocytes and fibroblasts after skin injury. Using genetic lineage tracing and live imaging in explants and in wounded animals, we observe that injury induces a transient migratory state in adipocytes with vastly distinct cell migration patterns and behaviours from fibroblasts. Furthermore, migratory adipocytes, do not contribute to scar formation and remain non-fibrogenic in vitro, in vivo and upon transplantation into wounds in animals. Using single-cell and bulk transcriptomics we confirm that wound adipocytes do not convert into fibrogenic myofibroblasts. In summary, the injury-induced migratory adipocytes remain lineage-restricted and do not converge or reprogram into a fibrosing phenotype. These findings broadly impact basic and translational strategies in the regenerative medicine field, including clinical interventions for wound repair, diabetes, and fibrotic pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruthi Kalgudde Gopal
- Institute of Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ruoxuan Dai
- Institute of Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ania Maria Stefanska
- Institute of Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Meshal Ansari
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute of AI for Health, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jiakuan Zhao
- Institute of Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Pushkar Ramesh
- Institute of Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Johannes W Bagnoli
- Anthropology and Human Genomics, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Yue Lin
- Institute of Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Simon Christ
- Institute of Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ilias Angelidis
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Valerio Lupperger
- Institute of AI for Health, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Carsten Marr
- Institute of AI for Health, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lindsay C Davies
- Department of Microbiology, Tumour and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wolfgang Enard
- Anthropology and Human Genomics, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans-Günther Machens
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Herbert B Schiller
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Dongsheng Jiang
- Institute of Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Yuval Rinkevich
- Institute of Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany.
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44
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Shang L, Liu J, Wu Y, Wang M, Fei C, Liu Y, Xue F, Zhang L, Gu F. Peptide Supramolecular Hydrogels with Sustained Release Ability for Combating Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37230936 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c01453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Chronic wound infection caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria is a major threat globally, leading to high mortality rates and a considerable economic burden. To address it, an innovative supramolecular nanofiber hydrogel (Hydrogel-RL) harboring antimicrobial peptides was developed based on the novel arginine end-tagging peptide (Pep 6) from our recent study, triggering cross-linking. In vitro results demonstrated that Hydrogel-RL can sustain the release of Pep 6 up to 120 h profiles, which is biocompatible and exhibits superior activity for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) biofilm inhibition and elimination. A single treatment of supramolecular Hydrogel-RL on an MRSA skin infection model revealed formidable antimicrobial activity and therapeutic effects in vivo. In the chronic wound infection model, Hydrogel-RL promoted mouse skin cell proliferation, reduced inflammation, accelerated re-epithelialization, and regulated muscle and collagen fiber formation, rapidly healing full-thickness skin wounds. To show its vehicle property for wound infection combined therapy, etamsylate, an antihemorrhagic drug, was loaded into the porous network of Hydrogel-RL, which demonstrated improved hemostatic activity. Collectively, Hydrogel-RL is a promising clinical candidate agent for functional supramolecular biomaterials designed for combating multidrug-resistant bacteria and rescuing stalled healing in chronic wound infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Shang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Chemical Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Chemical Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yuting Wu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Chemical Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Mi Wang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Chemical Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Chenzhong Fei
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Chemical Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yingchun Liu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Chemical Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Feiqun Xue
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Chemical Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Lifang Zhang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Chemical Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Feng Gu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Chemical Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 200241, China
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Jelodari S, Daemi H, Mohammadi P, Verdi J, J Al-Awady M, Ai J, Azami M. Assessment of the Efficacy of an LL-37-Encapsulated Keratin Hydrogel for the Treatment of Full-Thickness Wounds. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023. [PMID: 37224450 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c01068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Wound healing remains a burdensome healthcare problem due to moisture loss and bacterial infection. Advanced hydrogel dressings can help to resolve these issues by assisting and accelerating regenerative processes such as cell migration and angiogenesis because of the similarities between their composition and structure with natural skin. In this study, we aimed to develop a keratin-based hydrogel dressing and investigate the impact of the delivery of LL-37 antimicrobial peptide using this hydrogel in treating full-thickness rat wounds. Therefore, oxidized (keratose) and reduced (kerateine) keratins were utilized to prepare 10% (w/v) hydrogels with different ratios of keratose and kerateine. The mechanical properties of these hydrogels with compressive modulus of 6-32 kPa and tan δ <1 render them suitable for wound healing applications. Also, sustained release of LL-37 from the keratin hydrogel was achieved, which can lead to superior wound healing. In vitro studies confirmed that LL-37 containing 25:75% of keratose/kerateine (L-KO25:KN75) would result in significant fibroblast proliferation (∼85% on day 7), adhesion (∼90 cells/HPF), and migration (73% scratch closure after 12 h and complete closure after 24 h). Also, L-KO25:KN75 is capable of eradicating both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria after 18 h. According to in vivo assessment of L-KO25:KN75, wound closure at day 21 was >98% and microvessel density (>30 vessels/HPF at day 14) was significantly superior in comparison to other treatment groups. The mRNA expression of VEGF and IL-6 was also increased in the L-KO25:KN75-treated group and contributed to proper wound healing. Therefore, the LL-37-containing keratin hydrogel ameliorated wound closure, and also angiogenesis was enhanced as a result of LL-37 delivery. These results suggested that the L-KO25:KN75 hydrogel could be a sustainable substitute for skin tissue regeneration in medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Jelodari
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417755469, Iran
- Department of Cell Engineering, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 1665659911, Iran
| | - Hamed Daemi
- Department of Cell Engineering, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 1665659911, Iran
| | - Parvaneh Mohammadi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 1665659911, Iran
| | - Javad Verdi
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417755469, Iran
| | - Mohammed J Al-Awady
- Department of Chemistry, University of Western Ontario, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Jafar Ai
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417755469, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Azami
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417755469, Iran
- Joint Reconstruction Research Center (JRRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417755469, Iran
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46
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Nakatsuji T, Brinton SL, Cavagnero KJ, O'Neill AM, Chen Y, Dokoshi T, Butcher AM, Osuoji OC, Shafiq F, Espinoza JL, Dupont CL, Hata TR, Gallo RL. Competition between skin antimicrobial peptides and commensal bacteria in type 2 inflammation enables survival of S. aureus. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112494. [PMID: 37167061 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
During inflammation, the skin deploys antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) yet during allergic inflammation it becomes more susceptible to Staphylococcus aureus. To understand this contradiction, single-cell sequencing of Il4ra-/- mice combined with skin microbiome analysis reveals that lower production of AMPs from interleukin-4 receptor α (IL-4Rα) activation selectively inhibits survival of antibiotic-producing strains of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CoNS). Diminished AMPs under conditions of T helper type 2 (Th2) inflammation enable expansion of CoNS strains without antibiotic activity and increase Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), recapitulating the microbiome on humans with atopic dermatitis. This response is rescued in Camp-/- mice or after topical steroids, since further inhibition of AMPs enables survival of antibiotic-producing CoNS strains. In conditions of Th17 inflammation, a higher expression of host AMPs is sufficient to directly inhibit S. aureus survival. These results show that antimicrobials produced by the host and commensal bacteria each act to control S. aureus on the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruaki Nakatsuji
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Samantha L Brinton
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Kellen J Cavagnero
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Alan M O'Neill
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Tatsuya Dokoshi
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Anna M Butcher
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Olive C Osuoji
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Faiza Shafiq
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Josh L Espinoza
- Genomic Medicine, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | | - Tissa R Hata
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Richard L Gallo
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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47
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Maniyadath B, Zhang Q, Gupta RK, Mandrup S. Adipose tissue at single-cell resolution. Cell Metab 2023; 35:386-413. [PMID: 36889280 PMCID: PMC10027403 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue exhibits remarkable plasticity with capacity to change in size and cellular composition under physiological and pathophysiological conditions. The emergence of single-cell transcriptomics has rapidly transformed our understanding of the diverse array of cell types and cell states residing in adipose tissues and has provided insight into how transcriptional changes in individual cell types contribute to tissue plasticity. Here, we present a comprehensive overview of the cellular atlas of adipose tissues focusing on the biological insight gained from single-cell and single-nuclei transcriptomics of murine and human adipose tissues. We also offer our perspective on the exciting opportunities for mapping cellular transitions and crosstalk, which have been made possible by single-cell technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babukrishna Maniyadath
- Center for Functional Genomics and Tissue Plasticity, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Qianbin Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Touchstone Diabetes Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Rana K Gupta
- Department of Internal Medicine, Touchstone Diabetes Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Susanne Mandrup
- Center for Functional Genomics and Tissue Plasticity, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark.
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48
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Barthelemy J, Bogard G, Wolowczuk I. Beyond energy balance regulation: The underestimated role of adipose tissues in host defense against pathogens. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1083191. [PMID: 36936928 PMCID: PMC10019896 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1083191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the adipose tissue (AT) is a central metabolic organ in the regulation of whole-body energy homeostasis, it is also an important endocrine and immunological organ. As an endocrine organ, AT secretes a variety of bioactive peptides known as adipokines - some of which have inflammatory and immunoregulatory properties. As an immunological organ, AT contains a broad spectrum of innate and adaptive immune cells that have mostly been studied in the context of obesity. However, overwhelming evidence supports the notion that AT is a genuine immunological effector site, which contains all cell subsets required to induce and generate specific and effective immune responses against pathogens. Indeed, AT was reported to be an immune reservoir in the host's response to infection, and a site of parasitic, bacterial and viral infections. In addition, besides AT's immune cells, preadipocytes and adipocytes were shown to express innate immune receptors, and adipocytes were reported as antigen-presenting cells to regulate T-cell-mediated adaptive immunity. Here we review the current knowledge on the role of AT and AT's immune system in host defense against pathogens. First, we will summarize the main characteristics of AT: type, distribution, function, and extraordinary plasticity. Second, we will describe the intimate contact AT has with lymph nodes and vessels, and AT immune cell composition. Finally, we will present a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the current research on the contribution of AT to host defense against pathogens, including the respiratory viruses influenza and SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Isabelle Wolowczuk
- Univ. Lille, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille (CHU Lille), Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille (CIIL), Lille, France
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49
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Lin ZC, Hsu CY, Hwang E, Wang PW, Fang JY. The role of cytokines/chemokines in an aging skin immune microenvironment. Mech Ageing Dev 2023; 210:111761. [PMID: 36496171 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2022.111761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Reversing or slowing down the skin aging process is one of the most intriguing areas of focus across the social and scientific communities around the world. While aging is considered a universal and inevitable natural process of physiological decline, the aging of the skin is the most apparent visual representation of an individual's health. Aging skin may be objectively defined by epidermal thinning; increased transepidermal water loss; decreased cutaneous barrier function; loss of elasticity, laxity, and textured appearance; and gradual deterioration of the epidermal immune environment. As the largest structure of the immune system and of the body as a whole, the skin is the most vulnerable barrier of defense against the environment. The skin reflects an individual's exposures, lifestyle habits, and overall health. From an immunological perspective, cytokines and chemokines act as a central character in the communicating of the immunity in skin aging. These cell signaling proteins serve as the intercellular communication link. This review aims to elucidate how cell-cell crosstalk through cytokines and chemokines, and the interplay between host cells, infiltrating immune cells, and exogenous factors contribute to the overall aging skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zih-Chan Lin
- Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Puzi, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yun Hsu
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Erica Hwang
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Pei-Wen Wang
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jia-You Fang
- Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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50
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Liao W, Yang D, Xu Z, Zhao L, Mu C, Li D, Ge L. Antibacterial Collagen-Based Nanocomposite Dressings for Promoting Infected Wound Healing. Adv Healthc Mater 2023:e2203054. [PMID: 36745877 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202203054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenic bacterial infection is the most frequent wound complication, which has become a major clinical and healthcare challenge in wound management worldwide, leading to impaired healing processes, the risk of amputation, and even death. Here, collagen-based nanocomposite dressings (APZC) with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity are developed to promote the infected full-thickness wound healing. Short rod-like shaped ZnO NPs are synthesized and then coated with polydopamine (PDA) to obtain PDA coated ZnO NPs (PDA@ZnO NPs). Afterward, PDA@ZnO NPs are conjugated on the backbone of a collagen chain, and the obtained collagen-PDA@ZnO NPs conjugate is crosslinked by dialdehyde sodium alginate to fabricate APZC dressings. PDA@ZnO NPs show well dispersibility and are uniformly incorporated into the collagen matrix. APZC dressings have interconnected microporous structure and great physicochemical properties, besides good blood coagulation performance and well cytocompatibility. APZC dressings demonstrate long-lasting and excellently broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, which can relieve the inflammatory reaction by killing pathogenic bacteria and induce the generation of blood vessels and the orderly deposition of collagen in the wound site, thus promoting infected full-thickness wound healing without obvious scar formation. Overall, the functionalized collagen-based nanocomposite dressings have great potential in the clinical treatment against bacteria-associated wound infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Liao
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Bioengineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Die Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Bioengineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Zhilang Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Bioengineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Changdao Mu
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Bioengineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Defu Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Bioengineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Liming Ge
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Bioengineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
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