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Tian X, Li Y, Wang S, Zou H, Xiao Q, Ma B, Ma F, Li M. Glucose uptake from the rhizosphere mediated by MdDOF3-MdHT1.2 regulates drought resistance in apple. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2024; 22:1566-1581. [PMID: 38205680 PMCID: PMC11123392 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
In plants under drought stress, sugar content in roots increases, which is important for drought resistance. However, the molecular mechanisms for controlling the sugar content in roots during response to drought remain elusive. Here, we found that the MdDOF3-MdHT1.2 module-mediated glucose influx into the root is essential for drought resistance in apple (Malus × domestica). Drought induced glucose uptake from the rhizosphere and up-regulated the transcription of hexose transporter MdHT1.2. Compared with the wild-type plants, overexpression of MdHT1.2 promoted glucose uptake from the rhizosphere, thereby facilitating sugar accumulation in root and enhancing drought resistance, whereas silenced plants showed the opposite phenotype. Furthermore, ATAC-seq, RNA-seq and biochemical analysis demonstrated that MdDOF3 directly bound to the promoter of MdHT1.2 and was strongly up-regulated under drought. Overexpression of MdDOF3 in roots improved MdHT1.2-mediated glucose transport capacity and enhanced plant resistance to drought, but MdDOF3-RNAihr apple plants showed the opposite phenotype. Moreover, overexpression of MdDOF3 in roots did not attenuate drought sensitivity in MdHT1.2-RNAi plants, which was correlated with a lower glucose uptake capacity and glucose content in root. Collectively, our findings deciphered the molecular mechanism through which glucose uptake from the rhizosphere is mediated by MdDOF3-MdHT1.2, which acts to modulate sugar content in root and promote drought resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocheng Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of AppleNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Yuxing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of AppleNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Shaoteng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of AppleNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Hui Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of AppleNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Qian Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of AppleNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Baiquan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of AppleNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Fengwang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of AppleNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Mingjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of AppleNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
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Thakur V, Sharma P, Kumar P, Sharma A, Mamta, Hashem A, Fathi Abd_Allah E, Sharma S. Rootstock scion interaction studies on various horticultural attributes of pomato grafts under protected structures. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30930. [PMID: 38779007 PMCID: PMC11109804 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Pomato is a horticultural wonder plant, as tomato and potato can be produced from a single plant. This experiment explored the influence of diverse graft combinations of tomato scions grafted onto potato rootstocks on various growth and yield-attributing traits. The investigation outcomes confirmed the significantly positive influence of scion grafted onto rootstock on various yielding attributes of tomato and potato harvested from pomato grafts. Scion "Rakshita" grafted onto the rootstock of Kufri Himalini had the maximum fruit length. In contrast, the fruits harvested from the graft combination of Avtar grafted onto Kufri Khyati had the maximum number of fruits per cluster and the number of fruits per plant. The highest average fruit weight, fruit yield per meter square, and total fruit yield quintal per hectare were recorded with control "Avtar. The longest harvest duration was noticed with the graft combination of Heemsohna grafted onto Kufri Himalini. Moreover, on, rootstock Kufri Himalini with scion Rakshita resulted in maximum tuber length, and average tuber weight, while Kufri Himalini with Avtar had maximum fruit width. The maximum number of tubers per plant was also noticed with Kufri Pukhraj with Palam Tomato hybrid -1. The potato harvested from the rootstock of Kufri Pukhraj with Avtar had the highest tuber yield per plant, total tuber yield quintal per hectare, and tuber equivalent yield. The highest survival percentage of grafted plants was noted in Heemsohna onto Kufri Jyoti. In context to the cumulative yield of tomato fruits and potato tubers obtained from the pomato graft was found to be incremented in grafts of Avtar grafted onto Kufri Pukhraj followed by Rakshita grafted onto Kufri Rakshita, which also resulted in the maximum benefit-cost ratio with highest net return and gross return. The graft combination of scion Avtar and Rakshita onto Rootstock Kufri Pukhraj resulted in a positive increment in yield attributing traits of the pomato plant than of control of un-grafted tomato and potato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandana Thakur
- Department of Vegetable Science and Floriculture, CSK HPKV, Palampur, HP, 176062, India
- School of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Parveen Sharma
- Department of Vegetable Science and Floriculture, CSK HPKV, Palampur, HP, 176062, India
| | - Pardeep Kumar
- Department of Plant Sciences School of Life Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Dharmshala, 176215, India
| | - Akhilesh Sharma
- Department of Vegetable Science and Floriculture, CSK HPKV, Palampur, HP, 176062, India
| | - Mamta
- School of Bioengineering and Food Technology, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173229, India
| | - Abeer Hashem
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elsayed Fathi Abd_Allah
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sunny Sharma
- School of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
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3
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Moroyoqui‐Parra MA, Molero G, Reynolds MP, Gaju O, Murchie EH, Foulkes MJ. Interaction of planting system with radiation-use efficiency in wheat lines. CROP SCIENCE 2024; 64:314-332. [PMID: 38516200 PMCID: PMC10952436 DOI: 10.1002/csc2.21115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Radiation-use efficiency (RUE) is an important trait for raising biomass and yield potential in plant breeding. However, the effect of the planting system (PS) on genetic variation in RUE has not been previously investigated. Our objectives were to quantify genetic variation in RUE, biomass and grain yield in raised-bed and flat-basin planting systems, and associations with canopy-architecture traits (flag-leaf angle and curvature). Twelve spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars were evaluated under irrigated conditions for 3 years in North West Mexico using raised-bed and flat-basin planting systems. Canopy architecture traits were measured at booting and anthesis + 7 days. Grain yield (10.6%), biomass (7.6%), and pre-grain-filling RUE (9.7%) were higher in raised beds than flat basins, while a significant planting system × genotype interaction was found for grain yield. Genetic variation in pre-grain-filling RUE was associated with biomass and grain yield in beds and basins. In flat basins, higher pre-grain-filling RUE was correlated with a more upright flag-leaf angle but not in raised beds. In raised beds, cultivars with less upright flag-leaf angle had greater fractional light interception pre-anthesis. Taller semi-dwarf cultivars intercepted relatively more radiation in the beds than the flats before anthesis, consistent with the taller cultivars showing relatively greater increases in yield in beds compared to flats. Our results indicated that the evaluation of genotypes for RUE and biomass in wheat breeding should take into account planting systems to capture genotype × PS effects. In addition, the results demonstrate how flag-leaf angle has a different effect depending on the planting system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela A. Moroyoqui‐Parra
- Division of Plant and Crop Science, School of BiosciencesUniversity of NottinghamLeicestershireUK
- Global Wheat ProgramInternational Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)TexcocoMexico
| | - Gemma Molero
- Global Wheat ProgramInternational Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)TexcocoMexico
- KWS Momont RechercheMons‐en‐PeveleFrance
| | - Matthew P. Reynolds
- Global Wheat ProgramInternational Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)TexcocoMexico
| | - Oorbessy Gaju
- Lincoln Institute for Agri‐Food and TechnologyUniversity of LincolnLincolnUK
| | - Erik H. Murchie
- Division of Plant and Crop Science, School of BiosciencesUniversity of NottinghamLeicestershireUK
| | - Michael John Foulkes
- Division of Plant and Crop Science, School of BiosciencesUniversity of NottinghamLeicestershireUK
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4
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Wang H, Yu H, Chai L, Lu T, Li Y, Jiang W, Li Q. Exogenous Sucrose Confers Low Light Tolerance in Tomato Plants by Increasing Carbon Partitioning from Stems to Leaves. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:20625-20642. [PMID: 38096491 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c05985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Low light (LL) stress adversely affects plant growth and productivity. The role of exogenous sucrose in enhancing plant LL tolerance was investigated by spraying sucrose on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) leaves. This study employed physiological and molecular approaches to identify the underlying mechanisms. Exogenous sucrose activated sucrose hydrolysis-related enzyme activity and upregulated genes encoding sucrose and hexose transporters in mature leaves, decreasing endogenous sucrose levels and promoting sucrose unloading during LL. Stem-related genes associated with sucrose synthesis and transport were also upregulated, enhancing sucrose phloem loading. Furthermore, sucrose from stems activated sucrose unloading in sink leaves, forming a feed-forward loop to sustain sucrose flow during LL. This led to increased nonstructural carbohydrates (NSCs), improved energy metabolism, and enhanced protein synthesis in leaves, ultimately boosting photosynthesis and fruit yield after light recovery. These findings highlight how exogenous sucrose enhances LL tolerance in tomatoes by increasing the transport of NSCs from stems to leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hongjun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lin Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Tao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Weijie Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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5
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Kusuma P, Bugbee B. On the contrasting morphological response to far-red at high and low photon fluxes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1185622. [PMID: 37332690 PMCID: PMC10274578 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1185622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Plants compete for sunlight and have evolved to perceive shade through both relative increases in the flux of far-red photons (FR; 700 to 750 nm) and decreases in the flux of all photons (intensity). These two signals interact to control stem elongation and leaf expansion. Although the interacting effects on stem elongation are well quantified, responses for leaf expansion are poorly characterized. Here we report a significant interaction between far-red fraction and total photon flux. Extended photosynthetic photon flux density (ePPFD; 400 to 750 nm) was maintained at three levels (50/100, 200 and 500 µmol m-2 s-1), each with a range of 2 to 33% FR. Increasing FR increased leaf expansion in three cultivars of lettuce at the highest ePPFD but decreased expansion at the lowest ePPFD. This interaction was attributed to differences in biomass partitioning between leaves and stems. Increased FR favored stem elongation and biomass partitioning to stems at low ePPFD and favored leaf expansion at high ePPFD. In cucumber, leaf expansion was increased with increasing percent FR under all ePPFD levels showing minimal interaction. The interactions (and lack thereof) have important implications for horticulture and warrant further study for plant ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Kusuma
- Department of Plant Sciences, Horticulture and Product Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
- Crop Physiology Laboratory, Department of Plants Soils and Climate, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States
| | - Bruce Bugbee
- Crop Physiology Laboratory, Department of Plants Soils and Climate, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States
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6
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Effects of plant density on the aboveground dry matter and radiation-use efficiency of field corn. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0277547. [DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0277547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The amount of solar radiation intercepted by the plant canopy drives crop plant photosynthesis and the formation and development of plant organs. Radiation-use efficiency (RUE) is an index used to quantify the relationship between solar radiation and biomass, and crop yield can be increased by increasing RUE. The main goals of this study were to initially investigate the effects of plant densities on the aboveground dry matter of corn, and subsequently examine the effects of plant densities on RUE and leaf area index (LAI), and the effects of LAI on RUE. Finally, we provide a comparative assessment of the approaches used to determine RUE. Analyses were conducted using growth and meteorological data obtained for two field corn varieties (TNG1 and TNG7) grown under four different plant density conditions in central Taiwan in 2017. The RUE values obtained in this study were primarily estimated from the slope of the linear relationship between aboveground dry matter measured at periodic harvests and the corresponding cumulative intercepted photosynthetically active radiation up to the time of harvest. TNG1 and TNG7 with a row spacing of 37.5 cm × 20 cm had the largest amounts of aboveground dry matter and highest RUE values of 4.41 and 4.55 g MJ-1, respectively. We established that the higher the plant density, the higher were the values obtained for RUE and LAI. We also compared the different methods of estimating RUE and make recommendations in this regard. Our findings in this study will enable farmers to gain information on the dynamics of crop yield variation at an early stage of growth, and also provide reference values that can be incorporated in future crop yield models.
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7
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Gleason SM, Barnard DM, Green TR, Mackay S, Wang DR, Ainsworth EA, Altenhofen J, Brodribb TJ, Cochard H, Comas LH, Cooper M, Creek D, DeJonge KC, Delzon S, Fritschi FB, Hammer G, Hunter C, Lombardozzi D, Messina CD, Ocheltree T, Stevens BM, Stewart JJ, Vadez V, Wenz J, Wright IJ, Yemoto K, Zhang H. Physiological trait networks enhance understanding of crop growth and water use in contrasting environments. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:2554-2572. [PMID: 35735161 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant function arises from a complex network of structural and physiological traits. Explicit representation of these traits, as well as their connections with other biophysical processes, is required to advance our understanding of plant-soil-climate interactions. We used the Terrestrial Regional Ecosystem Exchange Simulator (TREES) to evaluate physiological trait networks in maize. Net primary productivity (NPP) and grain yield were simulated across five contrasting climate scenarios. Simulations achieving high NPP and grain yield in high precipitation environments featured trait networks conferring high water use strategies: deep roots, high stomatal conductance at low water potential ("risky" stomatal regulation), high xylem hydraulic conductivity and high maximal leaf area index. In contrast, high NPP and grain yield was achieved in dry environments with low late-season precipitation via water conserving trait networks: deep roots, high embolism resistance and low stomatal conductance at low leaf water potential ("conservative" stomatal regulation). We suggest that our approach, which allows for the simultaneous evaluation of physiological traits, soil characteristics and their interactions (i.e., networks), has potential to improve our understanding of crop performance in different environments. In contrast, evaluating single traits in isolation of other coordinated traits does not appear to be an effective strategy for predicting plant performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M Gleason
- United States Department of Agriculture, Water Management and Systems Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Dave M Barnard
- United States Department of Agriculture, Water Management and Systems Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Timothy R Green
- United States Department of Agriculture, Water Management and Systems Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Scott Mackay
- Department of Geography & Department of Environment and Sustainability, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Diane R Wang
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Ainsworth
- United States Department of Agriculture, Global Change and Photosynthesis Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Jon Altenhofen
- Northern Colorado Water Conservancy District, Berthoud, Colorado, USA
| | - Timothy J Brodribb
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, The University of Tasmania Node, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Hervé Cochard
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, PIAF, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Louise H Comas
- United States Department of Agriculture, Water Management and Systems Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Mark Cooper
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, The University of Queensland Node, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Danielle Creek
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, PIAF, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
| | - Kendall C DeJonge
- United States Department of Agriculture, Water Management and Systems Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Sylvain Delzon
- Université Bordeaux, INRAE, BIOGECO, Pessac, cedex, France
| | - Felix B Fritschi
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Graeme Hammer
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, The University of Queensland Node, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Cameron Hunter
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Danica Lombardozzi
- National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), Climate & Global Dynamics Lab, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Carlos D Messina
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Troy Ocheltree
- Department of Forest and Rangeland Stewardship, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Bo Maxwell Stevens
- United States Department of Agriculture, Water Management and Systems Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Jared J Stewart
- United States Department of Agriculture, Water Management and Systems Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Joshua Wenz
- United States Department of Agriculture, Water Management and Systems Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Ian J Wright
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, Western Sydney University Node, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kevin Yemoto
- United States Department of Agriculture, Water Management and Systems Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Huihui Zhang
- United States Department of Agriculture, Water Management and Systems Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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8
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Nam H, Gupta A, Nam H, Lee S, Cho HS, Park C, Park S, Park SJ, Hwang I. JULGI-mediated increment in phloem transport capacity relates to fruit yield in tomato. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2022; 20:1533-1545. [PMID: 35478430 PMCID: PMC9342617 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The continuous growth of the global population and the increase in the amount of arid land has severely constrained agricultural crop production. To solve this problem, many researchers have attempted to increase productivity through the efficient distribution of energy; however, the direct relationship between the plant vasculature, specifically phloem development, and crop yield is not well established. Here, we demonstrate that an optimum increase in phloem-transportation capacity by reducing SIJUL expression leads to improved sink strength in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). SIJUL, a negative regulator of phloem development, suppresses the translation of a positive regulator of phloem development, SlSMXL5. The suppression of SlJUL increases the number of phloem cells and sucrose transport, but only an optimal reduction of SlJUL function greatly enhances sink strength in tomato, improving fruit setting, and yield contents by 37% and 60%, respectively. We show that the increment in phloem cell number confers spare transport capacity. Our results suggest that the control of phloem-transport capacity within the threshold could enhance the commitment of photosynthates to instigate yield improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoyoung Nam
- Department of Life SciencesPOSTECH Biotech CenterPohang University of Science and TechnologyPohangKorea
| | - Aarti Gupta
- Department of Life SciencesPOSTECH Biotech CenterPohang University of Science and TechnologyPohangKorea
| | - Heejae Nam
- Department of Life SciencesPOSTECH Biotech CenterPohang University of Science and TechnologyPohangKorea
| | - Seungchul Lee
- Department of Life SciencesPOSTECH Biotech CenterPohang University of Science and TechnologyPohangKorea
| | - Hyun Seob Cho
- Department of Life SciencesPOSTECH Biotech CenterPohang University of Science and TechnologyPohangKorea
| | - Chanyoung Park
- Department of Life SciencesPOSTECH Biotech CenterPohang University of Science and TechnologyPohangKorea
| | - Soyoung Park
- Department of Life SciencesPOSTECH Biotech CenterPohang University of Science and TechnologyPohangKorea
| | - Soon Ju Park
- Division of Biological Sciences and Research Institute for Basic ScienceWonkwang UniversityIksanKorea
| | - Ildoo Hwang
- Department of Life SciencesPOSTECH Biotech CenterPohang University of Science and TechnologyPohangKorea
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9
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Noor H, Sun M, Algwaiz HIM, Sher A, Fiaz S, Attia KA, Wani SH, AlKahtani MDF, Husnain LA, Lin W, Gao Z. Chlorophyll fluorescence and grain filling characteristic of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in response to nitrogen application level. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:7157-7172. [PMID: 35723800 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07612-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to understand the influence of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters on yield of winter wheat in some areas of China. Nitrogen (N) application is believed to improve photosynthesis in flag leaf ultimately increase final yield. METHODS AND RESULTS To understand the response of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of wheat, flag leaf and the effect of N fertilization was carried out at booting stage under greenhouse during year 2018-2019 using winter wheat cultivar "Yunhan-20410' 'Yunhan-618". The results showed that the maximum chlorophyll content of flag leaves occurred at booting stage. Under, Yunhan-20410 condition, maximum photochemical quantum efficiency (FV/Fm), potential activity (ΦPSII), potential activity of PSII (FV/FO), and photochemical quenching coefficient (qp) showed "high-low" variation, and the maximum values were observed between May 4 and May 12. However, Yunhan-20410 showed FV/Fm, FV/FO, and qp showed "low-high-low" curve at booting stage. Compared to Yunhan-618, Yunhan-20410 at booting stage significantly decreased FV/Fm, FV/FO, qp, and ΦPSII (P<0.05), and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) significantly increased (P<0.05). CONCLUSION The outcome of present investigation suggest that chlorophyll fluorescence parameters could be valuable insight to understand yield stability under stress condition. Moreover, the investigated parameters could be useful criteria for selection of genotypes under varying nitrogen application levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafeez Noor
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China.,State Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture (In Preparation), Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Min Sun
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture (In Preparation), Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.
| | - Hussah I M Algwaiz
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11675, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alam Sher
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China.,Department of Agronomy, Ghazi University, DG Khan, Pakistan
| | - Sajid Fiaz
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, The University of Haripur, Haripur, 22620, Pakistan
| | - Kotb A Attia
- Center of Excellence in Biotechnology Research, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.,Rice Biotechnology Lab, Rice Department, Field Crops Research Institute, ARC, Sakha, 33717, Egypt
| | - Shabir Hussain Wani
- Mountain Research Center for Field Crops, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology Srinagar, Khudwani, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Muneera D F AlKahtani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11675, Saudi Arabia
| | - Latifa Al Husnain
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11675, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wen Lin
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China.,State Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture (In Preparation), Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Zhiqiang Gao
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China.,State Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture (In Preparation), Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
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10
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Zizinga A, Mwanjalolo JGM, Tietjen B, Bedadi B, Gabiri G, Luswata KC. Impacts of Climate Smart Agriculture Practices on Soil Water Conservation and Maize Productivity in Rainfed Cropping Systems of Uganda. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.889830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
With climate change, maize production is becoming more constrained by limited water availability especially in rainfed production systems. Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) practices have potential to enhance water availability and water use efficiency in rainfed production systems, but their efficiencies have not been adequately investigated. The study evaluated the performance of permanent planting basins (PPB), mulching (M), and halfmoon pits (HM) on soil moisture storage, maize yield, and water use efficiency in a maize cropping system for the sub-humid areas of Uganda for three cropping seasons in Albert region. The control treatment consisted of bare soil as the existing conventional farming practice without any CSA practice. Maize growth parameters and soil moisture storage were monitored and evaluated in each cropping season and CSA treatment. The maize yield, water use efficiency, and evapotranspiration (ET), were determined in each CSA treatment. Results showed that CSA practices significantly increased (P < 0.05) total soil water storage (1–12%) than the control treatment. It was also noted that; the use of M, PPB, and HM increased the water use efficiency by 9 – 68% and 8 – 66% of grain yield compared to the control in the three growing seasons. Our results indicate that even under unreliable and limited precipitation in sub-humid regions, the studied CSA practices indicate a high possibility to increase maize productivity than conventional farming practices (control). These findings are critical as climate change continues to affect maize productivity in rainfed farming systems where there limited supplemental water alternative sources for smallholder farmers. The adoption of CSA practices will enhance the resilience of maize production in sub-humid regions.
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11
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Sharwood RE, Quick WP, Sargent D, Estavillo GM, Silva-Perez V, Furbank RT. Mining for allelic gold: finding genetic variation in photosynthetic traits in crops and wild relatives. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:3085-3108. [PMID: 35274686 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Improvement of photosynthetic traits in crops to increase yield potential and crop resilience has recently become a major breeding target. Synthetic biology and genetic technologies offer unparalleled opportunities to create new genetics for photosynthetic traits driven by existing fundamental knowledge. However, large 'gene bank' collections of germplasm comprising historical collections of crop species and their relatives offer a wealth of opportunities to find novel allelic variation in the key steps of photosynthesis, to identify new mechanisms and to accelerate genetic progress in crop breeding programmes. Here we explore the available genetic resources in food and fibre crops, strategies to selectively target allelic variation in genes underpinning key photosynthetic processes, and deployment of this variation via gene editing in modern elite material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert E Sharwood
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, NSW, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - W Paul Quick
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
| | - Demi Sargent
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, NSW, Australia
| | | | | | - Robert T Furbank
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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12
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Spies FP, Raineri J, Miguel VN, Cho Y, Hong JC, Chan RL. The Arabidopsis transcription factors AtPHL1 and AtHB23 act together promoting carbohydrate transport from pedicel-silique nodes to seeds. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 315:111133. [PMID: 35067303 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.111133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrates are produced in green tissues through photosynthesis and then transported to sink tissues. Carbon partitioning is a strategic process, fine regulated, involving specific sucrose transporters in each connecting tissue. Here we report that a screening of an Arabidopsis transcription factor (TF) library using the homeodomain-leucine zipper I member AtHB23 as bait, allowed identifying the TF AtPHL1 interacting with the former. An independent Y2H assay, and in planta by BiFC, confirmed such interaction. AtHB23 and AtPHL1 coexpressed in the pedicel-silique nodes and the funiculus. Mutant plants (phl1, and amiR23) showed a marked reduction of lipid content in seeds, although lipid composition did not change compared to the wild type. While protein and carbohydrate contents were not significantly different between mutants and control mature seeds, we observed a reduced carbohydrate content in mutant plants young siliques (7 days after pollination). Moreover, using a CFDA probe, we revealed an impaired transport to the seeds, and the gene encoding the carbohydrate transporters SWEET10 and SWEET11, usually expressed in connecting tissues, was repressed in the amiR23 and phl1 mutant plants. Altogether, the results indicated that AtHB23 and AtPHL1 act together, promoting sucrose transport, and the lack of any of them provoked a reduction in seeds lipid content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiorella Paola Spies
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral, CONICET, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Colectora Ruta Nacional 168 km 0, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - Jesica Raineri
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral, CONICET, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Colectora Ruta Nacional 168 km 0, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - Virginia Natalí Miguel
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral, CONICET, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Colectora Ruta Nacional 168 km 0, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - Yuhan Cho
- Division of Life Science, Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam, 52828, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jong Chan Hong
- Division of Life Science, Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam, 52828, Republic of Korea; Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211-7310, USA.
| | - Raquel L Chan
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral, CONICET, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Colectora Ruta Nacional 168 km 0, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina.
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13
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Gómez-Fernández A, Osborne CP, Rees M, Palomino J, Ingala C, Gómez G, Milla R. Disparities among crop species in the evolution of growth rates: the role of distinct origins and domestication histories. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 233:995-1010. [PMID: 34726792 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Growth rates vary widely among plants with different strategies. For crops, evolution under predictable and high-resource environments might favour rapid resource acquisition and growth, but whether this strategy has consistently evolved during domestication and improvement remains unclear. Here we report a comprehensive study of the evolution of growth rates based on comparisons among wild, landrace, and improved accessions of 19 herbaceous crops grown under common conditions. We also examined the underlying growth components and the influence of crop origin and history on growth evolution. Domestication and improvement did not affect growth consistently, that is growth rates increased or decreased or remained unchanged in different crops. Crops selected for fruits increased the physiological component of growth (net assimilation rate), whereas leaf and seed crops showed larger domestication effects on morphology (leaf mass ratio and specific leaf area). Moreover, climate and phylogeny contributed to explaining the effects of domestication and changes in growth. Crop-specific responses to domestication and improvement suggest that selection for high yield has not consistently changed growth rates. The trade-offs between morpho-physiological traits and the distinct origins and histories of crops accounted for the variability in growth changes. These findings have far-reaching implications for our understanding of crop performance and adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Gómez-Fernández
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C/Tulipán s/n, Móstoles, 28933, Spain
| | - Colin P Osborne
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Mark Rees
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Javier Palomino
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C/Tulipán s/n, Móstoles, 28933, Spain
| | - Carlos Ingala
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C/Tulipán s/n, Móstoles, 28933, Spain
| | - Guillermo Gómez
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C/Tulipán s/n, Móstoles, 28933, Spain
| | - Rubén Milla
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C/Tulipán s/n, Móstoles, 28933, Spain
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14
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Balah MA, Balah AM. Growth and ecological characteristics of Physalis angulata invasive weed species in several invaded communities. Biologia (Bratisl) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-021-00944-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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15
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The green thorns of Ulex europaeus play both defensive and photosynthetic roles: consequences for predictions of the enemy release hypothesis. Biol Invasions 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-021-02648-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Ding D, Wang N, Zhang X, Zou Y, Zhao Y, Xu Z, Chu X, Liu J, Bai Y, Feng S, Feng H, Siddique KHM, Wendroth O. Quantifying the interaction of water and radiation use efficiency under plastic film mulch in winter wheat. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 794:148704. [PMID: 34218153 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Local natural resources, (e.g., precipitation, solar radiation) are important for developing environmentally and scientifically sound management practices in dryland agroecosystem. Maximizing water use efficiency (WUE) in dryland farming systems remains a challenge. The objectives of this study were to assessing the robustness of radiation use efficiency (RUE) during different periods and investigate the interaction between RUE and WUE from water loss pattern and canopy development during wheat growth under different agricultural practices (non-mulched control, CK; transparent film mulching, TF; and black film mulching, BF) from 2013 to 2016 on the Loess Plateau, Northwest China. Results showed that RUE was mainly improved during post-anthesis under PM treatments. PM treatments contributed to elevated canopy photosynthesis and a delayed RUE peak during the reproductive period. Due to the increased spike number and ratio of plant transpiration to soil evaporation, TF and BF treatments had relatively stable photosynthetic activity relative to the CK treatment even those during dry periods. Initially, no relationship was found between WUE and RUE under the CK treatment. On the other hand, RUE and WUE were positively related in TF and BF treatments following a power function. RUE values increased with WUE rapidly to stabilize at a plateau value of 5.5 g MJ-1 under TF and BF treatments, and thus, the wheat WUE had a higher improvement potential than RUE as it did not have an apparent plateau value. PM treatments enhanced the wheat production by taking full advantage of local solar radiation and precipitation (improving RUE and WUE). This higher use efficiency of resources produced more photoassimilates for wheat than that under the CK management, increased source size (LAI) and sink size (spike number) during wheat growth seasons, and thus increased the final grain yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianyuan Ding
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; College of Hydraulic Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Naijiang Wang
- Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA; College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Yufeng Zou
- Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Zhipeng Xu
- College of Hydraulic Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Xiaosheng Chu
- Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jianchao Liu
- Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; College of Jiyang, Zhejiang A & F University, Zhuji 311800, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanchao Bai
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Shaoyuan Feng
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; College of Hydraulic Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China.
| | - Hao Feng
- Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Kadambot H M Siddique
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6001, Australia
| | - Ole Wendroth
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
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17
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Li N, Wang J, Wang B, Huang S, Hu J, Yang T, Asmutola P, Lan H, Qinghui Y. Identification of the Carbohydrate and Organic Acid Metabolism Genes Responsible for Brix in Tomato Fruit by Transcriptome and Metabolome Analysis. Front Genet 2021; 12:714942. [PMID: 34539743 PMCID: PMC8446636 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.714942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sugar and organic acids not only contribute to the formation of soluble solids (Brix) but also are an essential factor affecting the overall flavor intensity. However, the possible metabolic targets and molecular synthesis mechanisms remain to be further clarified. Methods UHPLC-HRMS (ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography and high-resolution mass spectrometry) combined with comparative transcriptome analysis were performed in fruits at green ripe (S1), turning-color (S2), and red ripe (S3) stages of two tomato genotypes TM-1 (Solanum galapagense L., LA0436) and TM-38 (S. lycopersicum L. cultivar M82, LA3475) that vary in fruit Brix. Results The fruit Brix of TM-1 was nearly twice that of TM-38 at S3. Nevertheless, TM-1 accumulated 1.84- and 2.77-fold the L-malic acid and citric acid in red ripe fruit (S3) compared with TM-38, respectively. D-glucose and D-fructose in TM-1 and TM-38 fruits tended to be similar at S3. Concomitantly, the sugar/organic acid ratio of TM-38 fruits were 23. 08-, 4. 38-, and 2.59-fold higher than that of TM-1 fruits at S1, S2, and S3, respectively. Among starch and sucrose (carbohydrate, CHO) metabolism (ko00500) genes, SUS (Solyc07g042550.3) and BAM (Solyc08g077530.3) were positively (r = 0.885–0.931) correlated with the sugar/organic acid ratio. Besides, INV (Solyc09g010080.3 and Solyc09g010090.5.1), AAM (Solyc04g082090.3), 4-α-GTase (Solyc02g020980.2.1), BGL2 (Solyc06g073750.4, Solyc06g073760.3, and Solyc01g081170.3), TPS (Solyc01g005210.2 and Solyc07g006500.3), and TPP (Solyc08g079060.4) were negatively (r = −0.823 to −0.918) correlated with the sugar/organic acid ratio. The organic acid (TCA cycle) metabolism (ko00020) gene ALMT (Solyc01g096140.3) was also negatively (r = −0.905) correlated with the sugar/organic acid ratio. Conclusion Citric acid may play a more dominant role in the sugar/organic acid ratio of the tomato fruit, and the contribution of both L-malic acid and citric acid to the fruit Brix was much greater than that of D-glucose and D-fructose. Genes involved in CHO and TCA metabolism, which have a significant correlation with the sugar/organic acid ratio were considered to be the contributing factors of fruit Brix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China.,College of Forestry and Horticulture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Baike Wang
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Shaoyong Huang
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China.,College of Forestry and Horticulture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Jiahui Hu
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Patiguli Asmutola
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Haiyan Lan
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Yu Qinghui
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China
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18
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Exogenous Antioxidants Enhance Seedling Growth and Yield of Artificially Aged Cabbage and Lettuce Seeds. HORTICULTURAE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae7090274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aged seeds exhibit compromised vigour in terms of germination, seedling emergence and growth, but this can to some extent be alleviated by invigoration treatments before sowing. This study aimed to investigate ageing rates and patterns in cabbage (Brassica oleraceae) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa) seeds and whether the beneficial effects of invigorating aged seeds with exogenous antioxidants translate to enhanced seedling performance. Seeds were artificially aged to 25% viability before soaking in 0.4 mM glycerol, 0.6 mM GSH and 0.2 mM trolox for cabbage, and 0.6 mM glycerol, GSH and trolox for lettuce; deionised water served as a control. After 14 days of sowing, seedling emergence percentage, mean emergence time, mean daily emergence, and time taken to 25% emergence were computed. Seedling vigour index, root and shoot dry weight, root:shoot ratio, leaf area, leaf area ratio, and leaf chlorophyll content were assessed 6 weeks after sowing. Furthermore, the photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (E), and chlorophyll fluorescence were measured 6 weeks after sowing. Notably, ageing resulted in the loss of seed vigour and viability at higher rates in lettuce than cabbage. Seed pretreatment with glycerol promoted seedling growth in both species and shoot dry weight in lettuce, while glycerol and GSH enhanced Pn, Gs and E in lettuce. Trolox also enhanced Pn and E in lettuce. The beneficial effects of the antioxidant treatments are thought to be associated with the protection of photosystems from oxidative stress and/or stimulation of enzymes involved in photosynthesis, possibly through an enhanced antioxidant defence system during the early development stages when seedlings are particularly vulnerable to stress.
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19
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Ferguson JN, Tidy AC, Murchie EH, Wilson ZA. The potential of resilient carbon dynamics for stabilizing crop reproductive development and productivity during heat stress. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:2066-2089. [PMID: 33538010 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Impaired carbon metabolism and reproductive development constrain crop productivity during heat stress. Reproductive development is energy intensive, and its requirement for respiratory substrates rises as associated metabolism increases with temperature. Understanding how these processes are integrated and the extent to which they contribute to the maintenance of yield during and following periods of elevated temperatures is important for developing climate-resilient crops. Recent studies are beginning to demonstrate links between processes underlying carbon dynamics and reproduction during heat stress, consequently a summation of research that has been reported thus far and an evaluation of purported associations are needed to guide and stimulate future research. To this end, we review recent studies relating to source-sink dynamics, non-foliar photosynthesis and net carbon gain as pivotal in understanding how to improve reproductive development and crop productivity during heat stress. Rapid and precise phenotyping during narrow phenological windows will be important for understanding mechanisms underlying these processes, thus we discuss the development of relevant high-throughput phenotyping approaches that will allow for more informed decision-making regarding future crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- John N Ferguson
- Division of Plant & Crop Science, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, UK
- Future Food Beacon of Excellence, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, UK
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alison C Tidy
- Division of Plant & Crop Science, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Erik H Murchie
- Division of Plant & Crop Science, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Zoe A Wilson
- Division of Plant & Crop Science, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, UK
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20
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Chen J, Engbersen N, Stefan L, Schmid B, Sun H, Schöb C. Diversity increases yield but reduces harvest index in crop mixtures. NATURE PLANTS 2021; 7:893-898. [PMID: 34168319 PMCID: PMC7611346 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-021-00948-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Resource allocation to reproduction is a critical trait for plant fitness1,2. This trait, called harvest index in the agricultural context3-5, determines how plant biomass is converted to seed yield and consequently financial revenue from numerous major staple crops. While plant diversity has been demonstrated to increase plant biomass6-8, plant diversity effects on seed yield of crops are ambiguous9 and dependent on the production syndrome10. This discrepancy might be explained through changes in the proportion of resources invested in reproduction in response to changes in plant diversity, namely through changes in species interactions and microenvironmental conditions11-14. Here, we show that increasing crop plant diversity from monocultures over two- to four-species mixtures increased annual primary productivity, resulting in overall higher plant biomass and, to a lesser extent, higher seed yield in mixtures compared with monocultures. The difference between the two responses to diversity was due to a reduced harvest index of the eight tested crop species in mixtures, possibly because their common cultivars have been bred for maximum performance in monoculture. While crop diversification provides a sustainable measure of agricultural intensification15, the use of currently available cultivars may compromise larger gains in seed yield. We therefore advocate regional breeding programmes for crop varieties to be used in mixtures that should exploit complementarity16 among crop species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Chen
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Nadine Engbersen
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Laura Stefan
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bernhard Schmid
- Department of Geography, Remote Sensing Laboratories, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hang Sun
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Christian Schöb
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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21
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Hageman A, Van Volkenburgh E. Sink Strength Maintenance Underlies Drought Tolerance in Common Bean. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10030489. [PMID: 33807580 PMCID: PMC8001466 DOI: 10.3390/plants10030489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Drought is a major limiter of yield in common bean, decreasing food security for those who rely on it as an important source of protein. While drought can have large impacts on yield by reducing photosynthesis and therefore resources availability, source strength is not a reliable indicator of yield. One reason resource availability does not always translate to yield in common bean is because of a trait inherited from wild ancestors. Wild common bean halts growth and seed filling under drought and awaits better conditions to resume its developmental program. This trait has been carried into domesticated lines, where it can result in strong losses of yield in plants already producing pods and seeds, especially since many domesticated lines were bred to have a determinate growth habit. This limits the plants ability to produce another flush of flowers, even if the first set is aborted. However, some bred lines are able to maintain higher yields under drought through maintaining growth and seed filling rates even under water limitations, unlike their wild predecessors. We believe that maintenance of sink strength underlies this ability, since plants which fill seeds under drought maintain growth of sinks generally, and growth of sinks correlates strongly with yield. Sink strength is determined by a tissue’s ability to acquire resources, which in turn relies on resource uptake and metabolism in that tissue. Lines which achieve higher yields maintain higher resource uptake rates into seeds and overall higher partitioning efficiencies of total biomass to yield. Drought limits metabolism and resource uptake through the signaling molecule abscisic acid (ABA) and its downstream affects. Perhaps lines which maintain higher sink strength and therefore higher yields do so through decreased sensitivity to or production of ABA.
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22
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Kurniah NI, Sawitri WD, Rohman MS, Nugraha Y, Hase T, Sugiharto B. Mutation of UDP-glucose binding motif residues lead to increased affinity for ADP-glucose in sugarcane sucrose phosphate synthase. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:1697-1706. [PMID: 33528727 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06181-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Plant sucrose-phosphate synthase (SPS) contains a glycosyltransferase domain, which specifically catalyzes reactions with the nucleotide sugar uridine diphosphate glucose (UDP-G) as a donor substrate. Unlike plant SPS, bacterial SPS is predicted to bind other nucleotide sugars, such as adenosine diphosphate glucose (ADP-G). This study aimed to identify the UDP-G binding site of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) SPS (SoSPS1) and to improve its affinity for ADP-G by site-directed mutagenesis. To achieve targeted mutagenesis, amino acid distribution and comparative modeling studies were performed, followed by site-directed mutagenesis of SoSPS1 in the putative UDP-G binding motif. The N-terminal deletion of SoSPS1 (∆N-SoSPS1) was used for enzymatic analysis. The results showed that mutations in the R-X4-K, E-X7-E, and H-X5-V motifs significantly affect UDP-G and ADP-G binding. Mutations at R496 and K501 severely attenuate the affinity for UDP-G. Additionally, alanine substitutions at E591 and V570 decreased the UDP-G affinity but remarkably increased its ADP-G affinity. The R-X4-K motif plays a crucial role in the UDP-G binding site and catalytic activity of plant SPS; thus, its alteration to other amino acids was not viable. The E-X7-E and H-X5-V motifs may bind to the nucleotide glucose substrate, indicating that these motifs are involved in substrate specificity. These results agree with substrate docking simulations at the mutated residue positions, supporting the experimental results. These results demonstrate that mutation of E591 and V570 severely attenuated the UDP-G affinity, while retaining its activity against ADP-G, offering strategic insights into increasing sucrose synthesis and plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuriyah Inda Kurniah
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Center for Development of Advanced Science and Technology (CDAST), University of Jember, Jl. Kalimantan No 37, Kampus Tegalboto, Jember, 68121, Indonesia.,Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, University of Jember, Jember, 68121, Indonesia
| | - Widhi Dyah Sawitri
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Saifur Rohman
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Yudhi Nugraha
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional "Veteran" Jakarta, Jakarta, 12450, Indonesia
| | - Toshiharu Hase
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Bambang Sugiharto
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Center for Development of Advanced Science and Technology (CDAST), University of Jember, Jl. Kalimantan No 37, Kampus Tegalboto, Jember, 68121, Indonesia.
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23
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Sprout Regeneration of Shrub Willows after Cutting. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9121684. [PMID: 33271821 PMCID: PMC7761489 DOI: 10.3390/plants9121684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Shrub willow (Salix L. spp.) is a promising bioenergy resource crop due to its high growth rates and superb regenerative ability. Sprouting capacity is influenced by many factors, such as parent tree species and size, which are important limiting factors for stump survival or sprout growth. In this study, we aimed to quantify the survival and regeneration performance of sprouts (including sprout height, sprout diameter, sprout number, leaf morphological traits, leaf chlorophyll content, and ground part dry biomass) from the stumps of two Salix species from three diameter classes (10–15, 16–19, and 20–30 mm). An attempt was made to explore why the stump size affects the regeneration of willows by analyzing the carbon and nitrogen proportion of stumps. Stump survival did not differ between the two Salix species. However, the sprout regeneration of S. triandra was much better than that of S. suchowensis. An increase in stump diameter caused increases in the number of sprouts produced per stump, the mean height and basal diameter of sprouts per stump, the leaf chlorophyll content, and the biomass of sprouts per stump. By contrast, stump diameter did not significantly affect stump survival. The results indicate that the larger stumps store more carbon and nitrogen than small-sized stumps, which may be one of the reasons why the larger willow stumps have a stronger resprouting ability. This study provides essential information regarding the sprout regeneration of short-rotation coppice willow plantations after harvest.
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24
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Zhen S, Bugbee B. Steady-state stomatal responses of C 3 and C 4 species to blue light fraction: Interactions with CO 2 concentration. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2020; 43:1259-1272. [PMID: 32929764 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Blue light induced stomatal opening has been studied by applying a short pulse (~5 to 60 s) of blue light to a background of saturating photosynthetic red photons, but little is known about steady-state stomatal responses. Here we report stomatal responses to blue light at high and low CO2 concentrations. Steady-state stomatal conductance (gs ) of C3 plants increased asymptotically with increasing blue light to a maximum at 20% blue (120 μmol m-2 s-1 ). This response was consistent from 200 to 800 μmol mol-1 atmospheric CO2 (Ca ). In contrast, blue light induced only a transient stomatal opening (~5 min) in C4 species above a Ca of 400 μmol mol-1 . Steady-state gs of C4 plants generally decreased with increasing blue intensity. The net photosynthetic rate of all species decreased above 20% blue because blue photons have lower quantum yield (moles carbon fixed per mole photons absorbed) than red photons. Our findings indicate that photosynthesis, rather than a blue light signal, plays a dominant role in stomatal regulation in C4 species. Additionally, we found that blue light affected only stomata on the illuminated side of the leaf. Contrary to widely held belief, the blue light-induced stomatal opening minimally enhanced photosynthesis and consistently decreased water use efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyang Zhen
- Crop Physiology Laboratory, Department of Plants Soils and Climate, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
| | - Bruce Bugbee
- Crop Physiology Laboratory, Department of Plants Soils and Climate, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
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25
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Physiological Integration Increases Sexual Reproductive Performance of the Rhizomatous Grass Hierochloe glabra. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9111608. [PMID: 33228108 PMCID: PMC7699368 DOI: 10.3390/plants9111608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Clonal plants usually reproduce asexually through vegetative propagation and sexually by producing seeds. Physiological integration, the translocation of essential resources between ramets, usually improves vegetative reproduction. However, how physiological integration affects sexual reproduction has been less studied in clonal grasses. Here, we chose Hierochloe glabra, a major early spring forage of the eastern Eurasian steppe, and conducted a series of field experiments, including sampling reproductive ramets connected by tillering nodes to different numbers of vegetative ramets and 15N leaf labeling of ramet pairs at the seed-filling stage. In the natural populations of H. glabra, vegetative ramets were taller, had more and larger leaves, and greater biomass than reproductive ramets. Except for reproductive ramet biomass, sexual reproductive characteristics significantly increased with an increase in the number and biomass of vegetative ramets connected to tillering nodes. 15N labeling showed that vegetative ramets supplied nutrients to reproductive ramets through tillering nodes. Overall, our results indicate that significant differences in morphological characteristics and biomass allocation underlie resources translocation from vegetative ramets towards reproductive ramets. Physiological integration between different functional ramets can increase sexual reproductive performance, which will be beneficial to population persistence in H. glabra.
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26
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Chadee A, Vanlerberghe GC. Distinctive mitochondrial and chloroplast components contributing to the maintenance of carbon balance during plant growth at elevated CO 2. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2020; 15:1795395. [PMID: 32705929 PMCID: PMC8550537 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2020.1795395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Plant carbon balance depends upon the difference between photosynthetic carbon gain and respiratory carbon loss. In C3 plants, growth at an elevated atmospheric concentration of CO2 (ECO2) stimulates photosynthesis and raises the leaf carbohydrate status, but how respiration responds is less understood. In this study, growth of Nicotiana tabacum at ECO2 increased the protein amount of the non-energy conserving mitochondrial alternative oxidase (AOX). Growth at ECO2 increased AOX1a transcript amount, and the transcript amount of a putative sugar-responsive gene encoding a chloroplast glucose-6-phosphate/phosphate translocator (GPT3). We suggest that the elevated amounts of AOX and GPT3 represent distinctive mitochondrial and chloroplast mechanisms to manage an excessive cytosolic pool of sugar phosphates. AOX respiration could consume cytosolic sugar phosphates, without this activity being restricted by rates of ATP turnover. GPT3 could allow accumulating cytosolic glucose-6-phosphate to return to the chloroplast. This could feed starch synthesis or a glucose-6-phosphate shunt in the Calvin cycle. AOX and GPT3 activities could buffer against Pi depletions that might otherwise disrupt mitochondrial and chloroplast electron transport chain activities. AOX and GPT3 activities could also buffer against a down-regulation of photosynthetic capacity by preventing a persistent imbalance between photosynthetic carbon gain and the activity of carbon utilizing sinks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avesh Chadee
- Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Greg C. Vanlerberghe
- Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada
- CONTACT Greg C. Vanlerberghe Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ONM1C1A4, Canada
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27
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Zhen S, Bugbee B. Substituting Far-Red for Traditionally Defined Photosynthetic Photons Results in Equal Canopy Quantum Yield for CO 2 Fixation and Increased Photon Capture During Long-Term Studies: Implications for Re-Defining PAR. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:581156. [PMID: 33014004 PMCID: PMC7516038 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.581156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Far-red photons regulate shade avoidance responses and can have powerful effects on plant morphology and radiation capture. Recent studies have shown that far-red photons (700 to 750 nm) efficiently drive photosynthesis when added to traditionally defined photosynthetic photons (400-700 nm). But the long-term effects of far-red photons on canopy quantum yield have not yet been determined. We grew lettuce in a four-chamber, steady-state canopy gas-exchange system to separately quantify canopy photon capture, quantum yield for CO2 fixation, and carbon use efficiency. These measurements facilitate a mechanistic understanding of the effect of far-red photons on the components of plant growth. Day-time photosynthesis and night-time respiration of lettuce canopies were continuously monitored from seedling to harvest in five replicate studies. Plants were grown under a background of either red/blue or white light, each background with or without 15% (50 μmol m-2 s-1) of far-red photons substituting for photons between 400 and 700 nm. All four treatments contained 31.5% blue photons, and an equal total photon flux from 400 to 750 nm of 350 μmol m-2 s-1. Both treatments with far-red photons had higher canopy photon capture, increased daily carbon gain (net photosynthesis minus respiration at night), and 29 to 31% more biomass than control treatments. Canopy quantum yield was similar among treatments (0.057 ± 0.002 mol of CO2 fixed in gross photosynthesis per mole of absorbed photons integrated over 400 to 750 nm). Carbon use efficiency (daily carbon gain/gross photosynthesis) was also similar for mature plants (0.61 ± 0.02). Photosynthesis increased linearly with increasing photon capture and had a common slope among all four treatments, which demonstrates that the faster growth with far-red photon substitution was caused by enhanced photon capture through increased leaf expansion. The equivalent canopy quantum yield among treatments indicates that the absorbed far-red photons were equally efficient for photosynthesis when acting synergistically with the 400-700 nm photons.
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Guo X, Reddy GV, He J, Li J, Shi P. Mean-variance relationships of leaf bilateral asymmetry for 35 species of plants and their implications. Glob Ecol Conserv 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e01152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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29
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Ren R, Yue X, Li J, Xie S, Guo S, Zhang Z. Coexpression of Sucrose Synthase and the SWEET Transporter, Which Are Associated With Sugar Hydrolysis and Transport, Respectively, Increases the Hexose Content in Vitis vinifera L. Grape Berries. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:321. [PMID: 32457764 PMCID: PMC7221319 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The sugar content of grape berries is affected by many factors. To explore the hexose content in different cultivars, the photosynthesis, vegetative, and reproductive biomass, as well as the enzyme activities and expression levels of genes related to sugar metabolism and sugar contents were measured. Samples were collected 70-110 days after anthesis (DAA), from Riesling (RI), Petit Manseng (PM), and Cabernet Sauvignon (CS) berries cultivated in the field. The results indicated that high expression levels of VvSWEET15 and VvSS3 and a high activity of sucrose synthase (SS) are associated with a higher hexose content in the berries of PM than in the berries of the other two cultivars. These genes promoted hexose accumulation in the berries by regulating sugar hydrolysis and transport. The results of this study indicate that active sugar hydrolysis and transport increase the hexose content of PM berries, which provides insights for grape berry quality improvement and breeding projects in wine production. Main Conclusion: The active VvSS3, sucrose synthase (SS), and VvSWEET15 increases the hexose content in Petit Manseng berries, which are associated with sugar hydrolysis and transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihua Ren
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xiaofeng Yue
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Junnan Li
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Sha Xie
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Shuihuan Guo
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Zhenwen Zhang
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Viti-Viniculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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30
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Dhanagond S, Liu G, Zhao Y, Chen D, Grieco M, Reif J, Kilian B, Graner A, Neumann K. Non-Invasive Phenotyping Reveals Genomic Regions Involved in Pre-Anthesis Drought Tolerance and Recovery in Spring Barley. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1307. [PMID: 31708943 PMCID: PMC6823269 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
With ongoing climate change, drought events are becoming more frequent and will affect biomass formation when occurring during pre-flowering stages. We explored growth over time under such a drought scenario, via non-invasive imaging and revealed the underlying key genetic factors in spring barley. By comparing with well-watered conditions investigated in an earlier study and including information on timing, QTL could be classified as constitutive, drought or recovery-adaptive. Drought-adaptive QTL were found in the vicinity of genes involved in dehydration tolerance such as dehydrins (Dhn4, Dhn7, Dhn8, and Dhn9) and aquaporins (e.g. HvPIP1;5, HvPIP2;7, and HvTIP2;1). The influence of phenology on biomass formation increased under drought. Accordingly, the main QTL during recovery was the region of HvPPD-H1. The most important constitutive QTL for late biomass was located in the vicinity of HvDIM, while the main locus for seedling biomass was the HvWAXY region. The disappearance of QTL marked the genetic architecture of tiller number. The most important constitutive QTL was located on 6HS in the region of 1-FEH. Stage and tolerance specific QTL might provide opportunities for genetic manipulation to stabilize biomass and tiller number under drought conditions and thereby also grain yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidram Dhanagond
- Department of Genebank, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Seeland, Germany
| | - Guozheng Liu
- Department of Breeding Research, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Seeland, Germany
- BBCC – Innovation Center Gent, Gent Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Yusheng Zhao
- Department of Breeding Research, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Seeland, Germany
| | - Dijun Chen
- Institute for Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michele Grieco
- Department of Genebank, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Seeland, Germany
| | - Jochen Reif
- Department of Breeding Research, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Seeland, Germany
- Plant Breeding Department, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Benjamin Kilian
- Department of Genebank, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Seeland, Germany
- Global Crop Diversity Trust (GCDT), Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Graner
- Department of Genebank, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Seeland, Germany
- Plant Breeding Department, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Kerstin Neumann
- Department of Genebank, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Seeland, Germany
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31
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de Ï Vila Silva L, Condori-Apfata JA, Costa PMDA, Martino PBO, Tavares ACA, Marcelino MM, Raimundi SBCJR, Picoli EADT, Araï Jo WL, Zsï Gï N A, Sulpice R, Nunes-Nesi A. Source Strength Modulates Fruit Set by Starch Turnover and Export of Both Sucrose and Amino Acids in Pepper. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:2319-2330. [PMID: 31268146 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Fruit set is an important yield-related parameter, which varies drastically due to genetic and environmental factors. Here, two commercial cultivars of Capsicum chinense (Biquinho and Habanero) were evaluated in response to light intensity (unshaded and shaded) and N supply (deficiency and sufficiency) to understand the role of source strength on fruit set at the metabolic level. We assessed the metabolic balance of primary metabolites in source leaves during the flowering period. Furthermore, we investigated the metabolic balance of the same metabolites in flowers to gain more insights into their influence on fruit set. Genotype and N supply had a strong effect on fruit set and the levels of primary metabolites, whereas light intensity had a moderate effect. Higher fruit set was mainly related to the export of both sucrose and amino acids from source leaves to flowers. Additionally, starch turnover in source leaves, but not in flowers, had a central role on the sucrose supply to sink organs at night. In flowers, our results not only confirmed the role of the daily supply of carbohydrates on fruit set but also indicated a potential role of the balance of amino acids and malate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas de Ï Vila Silva
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Vi�osa, Vi�osa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jorge A Condori-Apfata
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Vi�osa, Vi�osa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Pedro Brandï O Martino
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Vi�osa, Vi�osa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ana C Azevedo Tavares
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Vi�osa, Vi�osa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Wagner L Araï Jo
- Max-Planck Partner Group, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Vi�osa, Vi�osa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Agustin Zsï Gï N
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Vi�osa, Vi�osa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ronan Sulpice
- Plant Systems Biology Laboratory, Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Adriano Nunes-Nesi
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Vi�osa, Vi�osa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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32
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The scaling relationships of leaf biomass vs. leaf surface area of 12 bamboo species. Glob Ecol Conserv 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2019.e00793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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33
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Santos-Merino M, Singh AK, Ducat DC. New Applications of Synthetic Biology Tools for Cyanobacterial Metabolic Engineering. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:33. [PMID: 30873404 PMCID: PMC6400836 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are promising microorganisms for sustainable biotechnologies, yet unlocking their potential requires radical re-engineering and application of cutting-edge synthetic biology techniques. In recent years, the available devices and strategies for modifying cyanobacteria have been increasing, including advances in the design of genetic promoters, ribosome binding sites, riboswitches, reporter proteins, modular vector systems, and markerless selection systems. Because of these new toolkits, cyanobacteria have been successfully engineered to express heterologous pathways for the production of a wide variety of valuable compounds. Cyanobacterial strains with the potential to be used in real-world applications will require the refinement of genetic circuits used to express the heterologous pathways and development of accurate models that predict how these pathways can be best integrated into the larger cellular metabolic network. Herein, we review advances that have been made to translate synthetic biology tools into cyanobacterial model organisms and summarize experimental and in silico strategies that have been employed to increase their bioproduction potential. Despite the advances in synthetic biology and metabolic engineering during the last years, it is clear that still further improvements are required if cyanobacteria are to be competitive with heterotrophic microorganisms for the bioproduction of added-value compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Santos-Merino
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Amit K. Singh
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Daniel C. Ducat
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
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34
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Fritz MA, Rosa S, Sicard A. Mechanisms Underlying the Environmentally Induced Plasticity of Leaf Morphology. Front Genet 2018; 9:478. [PMID: 30405690 PMCID: PMC6207588 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary function of leaves is to provide an interface between plants and their environment for gas exchange, light exposure and thermoregulation. Leaves have, therefore a central contribution to plant fitness by allowing an efficient absorption of sunlight energy through photosynthesis to ensure an optimal growth. Their final geometry will result from a balance between the need to maximize energy uptake while minimizing the damage caused by environmental stresses. This intimate relationship between leaf and its surroundings has led to an enormous diversification in leaf forms. Leaf shape varies between species, populations, individuals or even within identical genotypes when those are subjected to different environmental conditions. For instance, the extent of leaf margin dissection has, for long, been found to inversely correlate with the mean annual temperature, such that Paleobotanists have used models based on leaf shape to predict the paleoclimate from fossil flora. Leaf growth is not only dependent on temperature but is also regulated by many other environmental factors such as light quality and intensity or ambient humidity. This raises the question of how the different signals can be integrated at the molecular level and converted into clear developmental decisions. Several recent studies have started to shed the light on the molecular mechanisms that connect the environmental sensing with organ-growth and patterning. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge on the influence of different environmental signals on leaf size and shape, their integration as well as their importance for plant adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefanie Rosa
- Department of Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Adrien Sicard
- Institut für Biochemie und Biologie, Universität Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Uppsala, Sweden
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35
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Hanson AD, Amthor JS, Sun J, Niehaus TD, Gregory JF, Bruner SD, Ding Y. Redesigning thiamin synthesis: Prospects and potential payoffs. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 273:92-99. [PMID: 29907313 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Thiamin is essential for plant growth but is short-lived in vivo and energetically very costly to produce - a combination that makes thiamin biosynthesis a prime target for improvement by redesign. Thiamin consists of thiazole and pyrimidine moieties. Its high biosynthetic cost stems from use of the suicide enzyme THI4 to form the thiazole and the near-suicide enzyme THIC to form the pyrimidine. These energetic costs lower biomass yield potential and are likely compounded by environmental stresses that destroy thiamin and hence increase the rate at which it must be made. The energy costs could be slashed by refactoring the thiamin biosynthesis pathway to eliminate the suicidal THI4 and THIC reactions. To substantiate this design concept, we first document the energetic costs of the THI4 and THIC steps in the pathway and explain how cutting these costs could substantially increase crop biomass and grain yields. We then show that a refactored pathway must produce thiamin itself rather than a stripped-down analog because the thiamin molecule cannot be simplified without losing biological activity. Lastly, we consider possible energy-efficient alternatives to the inefficient natural THI4- and THIC-mediated steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Hanson
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | | | - Jiayi Sun
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Thomas D Niehaus
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jesse F Gregory
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Steven D Bruner
- Chemistry Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Yousong Ding
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Pu L, Zhang S, Li F, Wang R, Yang J, Chang L. Impact of Farmland Change on Soybean Production Potential in Recent 40 Years: A Case Study in Western Jilin, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:E1522. [PMID: 30022018 PMCID: PMC6069166 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15071522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
During the last 40 years, the quantity and spatial patterns of farmland in Western Jilin have changed dramatically, which has had a great impact on soybean production potential. This study used one of the most advanced crop production potential models, the Global Agro-Ecological Zones model, to calculate the soybean production potential in Western Jilin based on meteorological, topography, soil and land use data, and analyzed the impact of farmland change on soybean production potential during 1975⁻2013. The main conclusions were the following: first, the total soybean production potential in Western Jilin in 2013 was 8.92 million tonnes, and the average soybean production potential was 1612 kg/ha. The production potential of eastern area was higher than the other areas of Western Jilin. Second, farmland change led to a growth of 3.30 million tonnes in soybean production potential between 1975 and 2000, and a decrease of 1.03 million tonnes between 2000 and 2013. Third, taking account of two situations of farmland change, the conversion between dryland and other categories, and the change of irrigation percentage led to the total soybean production potential in Western Jilin increased by 2.31 and only 0.28 million tonnes respectively between 1975 and 2000, and increased by 0.12 and 0.29 million tonnes respectively between 2000 and 2013. In general, the increase of soybean potential production was mainly due to grassland and woodland reclamation. The results of this study would be a good guideline for protecting safe baseline of farmland, managing land resources, and ensuring continuity and stability of soybean supply and food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luoman Pu
- College of Earth Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China.
| | - Shuwen Zhang
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China.
| | - Fei Li
- College of Unban and Environmental Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China.
| | - Ranghu Wang
- Institute of Loess Plateau, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
| | - Jiuchun Yang
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China.
| | - Liping Chang
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China.
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Pan J, Huang D, Guo Z, Kuang Z, Zhang H, Xie X, Ma Z, Gao S, Lerdau MT, Chu C, Li L. Overexpression of microRNA408 enhances photosynthesis, growth, and seed yield in diverse plants. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 60:323-340. [PMID: 29330900 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The ability of a plant to produce grain, fruit, or forage depends ultimately on photosynthesis. There have been few attempts, however, to study microRNAs, which are a class of endogenous small RNAs post-transcriptionally programming gene expression, in relation to photosynthetic traits. We focused on miR408, one of the most conserved plant miRNAs, and overexpressed it in parallel in Arabidopsis, tobacco, and rice. The transgenic plants all exhibited increased copper content in the chloroplast, elevated abundance of plastocyanin, and an induction of photosynthetic genes. By means of gas exchange and optical spectroscopy analyses, we showed that higher expression of miR408 leads to enhanced photosynthesis through improving efficiency of irradiation utilization and the capacity for carbon dioxide fixation. Consequently, miR408 hyper-accumulating plants exhibited higher rate of vegetative growth. An enlargement of seed size was also observed in all three species overproducing miR408. Moreover, we conducted a 2-year-two-location field trial and observed miR408 overexpression in rice significantly increased yield, which was primarily attributed to an elevation in grain weight. Taken together, these results demonstrate that miR408 is a positive regulator of photosynthesis and that its genetic engineering is a promising route for enhancing photosynthetic performance and yield in diverse plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences and School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Dahui Huang
- Rice Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Zhonglong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences and School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zheng Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences and School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - He Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences and School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xinyu Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences and School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zengfeng Ma
- Rice Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Shaopei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Manuel T Lerdau
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Chengcai Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Lei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences and School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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Sawitri WD, Afidah SN, Nakagawa A, Hase T, Sugiharto B. Identification of UDP-glucose binding site in glycosyltransferase domain of sucrose phosphate synthase from sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) by structure-based site-directed mutagenesis. Biophys Rev 2018; 10:293-298. [PMID: 29222806 PMCID: PMC5899720 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-017-0360-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) is believed to be the key enzyme for controlling the biosynthesis of sucrose. SPSs consist of a functional glycosyltransferase domain that shares conserved residues with the glycosyltransferase domain of sucrose biosynthesis-related protein. The formation of sucrose-6-phosphate is catalyzed by SPS with the transfer of a glycosyl group of uridine diphosphate glucose (UDP-G) as an activated donor sugar to a fructose-6-phosphate as a sugar acceptor. However, understanding of the mechanism of catalytic and substrate binding in SPS is very limited. Based on amino acid sequence alignments with several enzymes that belong to the glycosyltransferase family, the UDP-G binding sites that might be critical for catalytic mechanism were identified. Here, we report that single point mutation of R496, D498, and V570 located in the proposed UDP-G binding site led to less active or complete loss of enzyme activity. Through structure-based site-directed mutagenesis and biochemical studies, the results indicated that these residues contribute to the catalytic activity of plant SPS. Moreover, understanding of the UDP-G binding site provides an insight into new strategies for enzyme engineering and redesigning a catalytic mechanism for UDP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Widhi Dyah Sawitri
- Center for Development of Advanced Science and Technology (CDAST), University of Jember, Jl. Kalimantan 37, Jember, 68121, Indonesia
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Jember University, J1. Kalimantan 37, Jember, 68121, Indonesia
| | - Siti Nurul Afidah
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Jember, Jl. Kalimantan 37, Jember, 68121, Indonesia
| | - Atsushi Nakagawa
- Research Center for State-of-the-art Functional Protein Analysis, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Hase
- Division of Protein Chemistry, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Bambang Sugiharto
- Center for Development of Advanced Science and Technology (CDAST), University of Jember, Jl. Kalimantan 37, Jember, 68121, Indonesia.
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Jember University, J1. Kalimantan 37, Jember, 68121, Indonesia.
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Jember, Jl. Kalimantan 37, Jember, 68121, Indonesia.
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Durand M, Mainson D, Porcheron B, Maurousset L, Lemoine R, Pourtau N. Carbon source-sink relationship in Arabidopsis thaliana: the role of sucrose transporters. PLANTA 2018; 247:587-611. [PMID: 29138971 PMCID: PMC5809531 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-017-2807-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION The regulation of source-to-sink sucrose transport is associated with AtSUC and AtSWEET sucrose transporters' gene expression changes in plants grown hydroponically under different physiological conditions. Source-to-sink transport of sucrose is one of the major determinants of plant growth. Whole-plant carbohydrates' partitioning requires the specific activity of membrane sugar transporters. In Arabidopsis thaliana plants, two families of transporters are involved in sucrose transport: AtSUCs and AtSWEETs. This study is focused on the comparison of sucrose transporter gene expression, soluble sugar and starch levels and long distance sucrose transport, in leaves and sink organs (mainly roots) in different physiological conditions (along the plant life cycle, during a diel cycle, and during an osmotic stress) in plants grown hydroponically. In leaves, the AtSUC2, AtSWEET11, and 12 genes known to be involved in phloem loading were highly expressed when sucrose export was high and reduced during osmotic stress. In roots, AtSUC1 was highly expressed and its expression profile in the different conditions tested suggests that it may play a role in sucrose unloading in roots and in root growth. The SWEET transporter genes AtSWEET12, 13, and 15 were found expressed in all organs at all stages studied, while differential expression was noticed for AtSWEET14 in roots, stems, and siliques and AtSWEET9, 10 expressions were only detected in stems and siliques. A role for these transporters in carbohydrate partitioning in different source-sink status is proposed, with a specific attention on carbon demand in roots. During development, despite trophic competition with others sinks, roots remained a significant sink, but during osmotic stress, the amount of translocated [U-14C]-sucrose decreased for rosettes and roots. Altogether, these results suggest that source-sink relationship may be linked with the regulation of sucrose transporter gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mickaël Durand
- Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267 EBI Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Equipe "Sucres & Echanges Végétaux-Environnement", Bâtiment B31, 3 rue Jacques Fort, TSA 51106, 86073, Poitiers Cedex 9, France
| | - Dany Mainson
- Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267 EBI Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Equipe "Sucres & Echanges Végétaux-Environnement", Bâtiment B31, 3 rue Jacques Fort, TSA 51106, 86073, Poitiers Cedex 9, France
| | - Benoît Porcheron
- Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267 EBI Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Equipe "Sucres & Echanges Végétaux-Environnement", Bâtiment B31, 3 rue Jacques Fort, TSA 51106, 86073, Poitiers Cedex 9, France
| | - Laurence Maurousset
- Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267 EBI Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Equipe "Sucres & Echanges Végétaux-Environnement", Bâtiment B31, 3 rue Jacques Fort, TSA 51106, 86073, Poitiers Cedex 9, France
| | - Rémi Lemoine
- Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267 EBI Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Equipe "Sucres & Echanges Végétaux-Environnement", Bâtiment B31, 3 rue Jacques Fort, TSA 51106, 86073, Poitiers Cedex 9, France
| | - Nathalie Pourtau
- Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267 EBI Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Equipe "Sucres & Echanges Végétaux-Environnement", Bâtiment B31, 3 rue Jacques Fort, TSA 51106, 86073, Poitiers Cedex 9, France.
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Damour G, Navas ML, Garnier E. A revised trait-based framework for agroecosystems including decision rules. J Appl Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marie L. Navas
- Montpellier SupAgro, CEFE UMR 5175; CNRS - Université de Montpellier - Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier - EPHE; Montpellier France
| | - Eric Garnier
- CEFE UMR 5175; CNRS - Université de Montpellier - Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier - EPHE; Montpellier France
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41
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Jacoby RP, Millar AH, Taylor NL. Opportunities for wheat proteomics to discover the biomarkers for respiration-dependent biomass production, stress tolerance and cytoplasmic male sterility. J Proteomics 2016; 143:36-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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43
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Otegui ME, Andrade FH. New Relationships Between Light Interception, Ear Growth, and Kernel Set in Maize. PHYSIOLOGY AND MODELING KERNEL SET IN MAIZE 2015. [DOI: 10.2135/cssaspecpub29.c6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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Yadav UP, Ayre BG, Bush DR. Transgenic approaches to altering carbon and nitrogen partitioning in whole plants: assessing the potential to improve crop yields and nutritional quality. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:275. [PMID: 25954297 PMCID: PMC4405696 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The principal components of plant productivity and nutritional value, from the standpoint of modern agriculture, are the acquisition and partitioning of organic carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) compounds among the various organs of the plant. The flow of essential organic nutrients among the plant organ systems is mediated by its complex vascular system, and is driven by a series of transport steps including export from sites of primary assimilation, transport into and out of the phloem and xylem, and transport into the various import-dependent organs. Manipulating C and N partitioning to enhance yield of harvested organs is evident in the earliest crop domestication events and continues to be a goal for modern plant biology. Research on the biochemistry, molecular and cellular biology, and physiology of C and N partitioning has now matured to an extent that strategic manipulation of these transport systems through biotechnology are being attempted to improve movement from source to sink tissues in general, but also to target partitioning to specific organs. These nascent efforts are demonstrating the potential of applied biomass targeting but are also identifying interactions between essential nutrients that require further basic research. In this review, we summarize the key transport steps involved in C and N partitioning, and discuss various transgenic approaches for directly manipulating key C and N transporters involved. In addition, we propose several experiments that could enhance biomass accumulation in targeted organs while simultaneously testing current partitioning models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umesh P. Yadav
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Brian G. Ayre
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Daniel R. Bush
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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46
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Weraduwage SM, Chen J, Anozie FC, Morales A, Weise SE, Sharkey TD. The relationship between leaf area growth and biomass accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:167. [PMID: 25914696 PMCID: PMC4391269 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Leaf area growth determines the light interception capacity of a crop and is often used as a surrogate for plant growth in high-throughput phenotyping systems. The relationship between leaf area growth and growth in terms of mass will depend on how carbon is partitioned among new leaf area, leaf mass, root mass, reproduction, and respiration. A model of leaf area growth in terms of photosynthetic rate and carbon partitioning to different plant organs was developed and tested with Arabidopsis thaliana L. Heynh. ecotype Columbia (Col-0) and a mutant line, gigantea-2 (gi-2), which develops very large rosettes. Data obtained from growth analysis and gas exchange measurements was used to train a genetic programming algorithm to parameterize and test the above model. The relationship between leaf area and plant biomass was found to be non-linear and variable depending on carbon partitioning. The model output was sensitive to the rate of photosynthesis but more sensitive to the amount of carbon partitioned to growing thicker leaves. The large rosette size of gi-2 relative to that of Col-0 resulted from relatively small differences in partitioning to new leaf area vs. leaf thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarathi M. Weraduwage
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State UniversityEast Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Jin Chen
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State UniversityEast Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Michigan State UniversityEast Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Fransisca C. Anozie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State UniversityEast Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Alejandro Morales
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Wageningen UniversityWageningen, Netherlands
| | - Sean E. Weise
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State UniversityEast Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Thomas D. Sharkey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State UniversityEast Lansing, MI, USA
- *Correspondence: Thomas D. Sharkey, Michigan State University, 603 Wilson Rd., 201 Biochemistry Building, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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Koester RP, Skoneczka JA, Cary TR, Diers BW, Ainsworth EA. Historical gains in soybean (Glycine max Merr.) seed yield are driven by linear increases in light interception, energy conversion, and partitioning efficiencies. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:3311-21. [PMID: 24790116 PMCID: PMC4071847 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Soybean (Glycine max Merr.) is the world's most widely grown leguminous crop and an important source of protein and oil for food and feed. Soybean yields have increased substantially throughout the past century, with yield gains widely attributed to genetic advances and improved cultivars as well as advances in farming technology and practice. Yet, the physiological mechanisms underlying the historical improvements in soybean yield have not been studied rigorously. In this 2-year experiment, 24 soybean cultivars released between 1923 and 2007 were grown in field trials. Physiological improvements in the efficiencies by which soybean canopies intercepted light (εi), converted light energy into biomass (εc), and partitioned biomass into seed (εp) were examined. Seed yield increased by 26.5kg ha(-1) year(-1), and the increase in seed yield was driven by improvements in all three efficiencies. Although the time to canopy closure did not change in historical soybean cultivars, extended growing seasons and decreased lodging in more modern lines drove improvements in εi. Greater biomass production per unit of absorbed light resulted in improvements in εc. Over 84 years of breeding, soybean seed biomass increased at a rate greater than total aboveground biomass, resulting in an increase in εp. A better understanding of the physiological basis for yield gains will help to identify targets for soybean improvement in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert P Koester
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, 1201W. Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Skoneczka
- Global Change and Photosynthesis Research Unit, USDA/ARS, Urbana IL 61801, USA
| | - Troy R Cary
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, 1201W Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Brian W Diers
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, 1201W Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Ainsworth
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, 1201W. Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, USA Global Change and Photosynthesis Research Unit, USDA/ARS, Urbana IL 61801, USA Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, 1201W Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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Lecourieux F, Kappel C, Lecourieux D, Serrano A, Torres E, Arce-Johnson P, Delrot S. An update on sugar transport and signalling in grapevine. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:821-32. [PMID: 24323501 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ert394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In addition to their role as a source of reduced carbon, sugars may directly or indirectly control a wide range of activities in plant cells, through transcriptional and post-translational regulation. This control has been studied in detail using Arabidopsis thaliana, where genetic analysis offers many possibilities. Much less is known about perennial woody species. For several years, various aspects of sugar sensing and signalling have been investigated in the grape (Vitis vinifera L.) berry, an organ that accumulates high concentrations of hexoses in the vacuoles of flesh cells. Here we review various aspects of this topic: the molecular basis of sugar transport and its regulation by sugars in grapevine; the functional analysis of several sugar-induced genes; the effects of some biotic and abiotic stresses on the sugar content of the berry; and finally the effects of exogenous sugar supply on the ripening process in field conditions. A picture of complex feedback and multiprocess regulation emerges from these data.
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49
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Lemoine R, Camera SL, Atanassova R, Dédaldéchamp F, Allario T, Pourtau N, Bonnemain JL, Laloi M, Coutos-Thévenot P, Maurousset L, Faucher M, Girousse C, Lemonnier P, Parrilla J, Durand M. Source-to-sink transport of sugar and regulation by environmental factors. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 4:272. [PMID: 23898339 PMCID: PMC3721551 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 526] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Source-to-sink transport of sugar is one of the major determinants of plant growth and relies on the efficient and controlled distribution of sucrose (and some other sugars such as raffinose and polyols) across plant organs through the phloem. However, sugar transport through the phloem can be affected by many environmental factors that alter source/sink relationships. In this paper, we summarize current knowledge about the phloem transport mechanisms and review the effects of several abiotic (water and salt stress, mineral deficiency, CO2, light, temperature, air, and soil pollutants) and biotic (mutualistic and pathogenic microbes, viruses, aphids, and parasitic plants) factors. Concerning abiotic constraints, alteration of the distribution of sugar among sinks is often reported, with some sinks as roots favored in case of mineral deficiency. Many of these constraints impair the transport function of the phloem but the exact mechanisms are far from being completely known. Phloem integrity can be disrupted (e.g., by callose deposition) and under certain conditions, phloem transport is affected, earlier than photosynthesis. Photosynthesis inhibition could result from the increase in sugar concentration due to phloem transport decrease. Biotic interactions (aphids, fungi, viruses…) also affect crop plant productivity. Recent breakthroughs have identified some of the sugar transporters involved in these interactions on the host and pathogen sides. The different data are discussed in relation to the phloem transport pathways. When possible, the link with current knowledge on the pathways at the molecular level will be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remi Lemoine
- Unités Mixtes de Recherche, Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Université of Poitiers/Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiquePoitiers, France
| | - Sylvain La Camera
- Unités Mixtes de Recherche, Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Université of Poitiers/Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiquePoitiers, France
| | - Rossitza Atanassova
- Unités Mixtes de Recherche, Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Université of Poitiers/Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiquePoitiers, France
| | - Fabienne Dédaldéchamp
- Unités Mixtes de Recherche, Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Université of Poitiers/Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiquePoitiers, France
| | - Thierry Allario
- Unités Mixtes de Recherche, Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Université of Poitiers/Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiquePoitiers, France
| | - Nathalie Pourtau
- Unités Mixtes de Recherche, Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Université of Poitiers/Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiquePoitiers, France
| | - Jean-Louis Bonnemain
- Unités Mixtes de Recherche, Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Université of Poitiers/Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiquePoitiers, France
| | - Maryse Laloi
- Unités Mixtes de Recherche, Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Université of Poitiers/Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiquePoitiers, France
| | - Pierre Coutos-Thévenot
- Unités Mixtes de Recherche, Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Université of Poitiers/Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiquePoitiers, France
| | - Laurence Maurousset
- Unités Mixtes de Recherche, Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Université of Poitiers/Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiquePoitiers, France
| | - Mireille Faucher
- Unités Mixtes de Recherche, Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Université of Poitiers/Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiquePoitiers, France
| | - Christine Girousse
- Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales, Unités Mixtes de RechercheClermont Ferrand, France
| | - Pauline Lemonnier
- Unités Mixtes de Recherche, Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Université of Poitiers/Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiquePoitiers, France
| | - Jonathan Parrilla
- Unités Mixtes de Recherche, Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Université of Poitiers/Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiquePoitiers, France
| | - Mickael Durand
- Unités Mixtes de Recherche, Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Université of Poitiers/Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiquePoitiers, France
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50
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Kossmann J. Grand challenges in plant biotechnology. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2012; 3:61. [PMID: 22645593 PMCID: PMC3355807 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2012.00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2011] [Accepted: 03/13/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jens Kossmann
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Plant Biotechnology, Stellenbosch UniversityMatieland, South Africa
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