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Keetz LT, Lieungh E, Karimi-Asli K, Geange SR, Gelati E, Tang H, Yilmaz YA, Aas KS, Althuizen IHJ, Bryn A, Falk S, Fisher R, Fouilloux A, Horvath P, Indrehus S, Lee H, Lombardozzi D, Parmentier FJW, Pirk N, Vandvik V, Vollsnes AV, Skarpaas O, Stordal F, Tallaksen LM. Climate-ecosystem modelling made easy: The Land Sites Platform. Glob Chang Biol 2023; 29:4440-4452. [PMID: 37303068 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic Global Vegetation Models (DGVMs) provide a state-of-the-art process-based approach to study the complex interplay between vegetation and its physical environment. For example, they help to predict how terrestrial plants interact with climate, soils, disturbance and competition for resources. We argue that there is untapped potential for the use of DGVMs in ecological and ecophysiological research. One fundamental barrier to realize this potential is that many researchers with relevant expertize (ecology, plant physiology, soil science, etc.) lack access to the technical resources or awareness of the research potential of DGVMs. Here we present the Land Sites Platform (LSP): new software that facilitates single-site simulations with the Functionally Assembled Terrestrial Ecosystem Simulator, an advanced DGVM coupled with the Community Land Model. The LSP includes a Graphical User Interface and an Application Programming Interface, which improve the user experience and lower the technical thresholds for installing these model architectures and setting up model experiments. The software is distributed via version-controlled containers; researchers and students can run simulations directly on their personal computers or servers, with relatively low hardware requirements, and on different operating systems. Version 1.0 of the LSP supports site-level simulations. We provide input data for 20 established geo-ecological observation sites in Norway and workflows to add generic sites from public global datasets. The LSP makes standard model experiments with default data easily achievable (e.g., for educational or introductory purposes) while retaining flexibility for more advanced scientific uses. We further provide tools to visualize the model input and output, including simple examples to relate predictions to local observations. The LSP improves access to land surface and DGVM modelling as a building block of community cyberinfrastructure that may inspire new avenues for mechanistic ecosystem research across disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lasse T Keetz
- Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eva Lieungh
- Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Sonya R Geange
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Hui Tang
- Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Climate System Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yeliz A Yilmaz
- Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Biogeochemistry in the Anthropocene, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjetil S Aas
- Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- CICERO Center for International Climate Research, Oslo, Norway
| | - Inge H J Althuizen
- Division of Climate and Environment, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anders Bryn
- Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Biogeochemistry in the Anthropocene, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stefanie Falk
- Department of Geography, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Rosie Fisher
- CICERO Center for International Climate Research, Oslo, Norway
- Climate and Global Dynamics Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Peter Horvath
- Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Hanna Lee
- Division of Climate and Environment, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Danica Lombardozzi
- Climate and Global Dynamics Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Frans-Jan W Parmentier
- Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Biogeochemistry in the Anthropocene, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Norbert Pirk
- Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vigdis Vandvik
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ane V Vollsnes
- Centre for Biogeochemistry in the Anthropocene, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Olav Skarpaas
- Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Frode Stordal
- Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Biogeochemistry in the Anthropocene, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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2
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Blonder BW, Aparecido LMT, Hultine KR, Lombardozzi D, Michaletz ST, Posch BC, Slot M, Winter K. Plant water use theory should incorporate hypotheses about extreme environments, population ecology, and community ecology. New Phytol 2023; 238:2271-2283. [PMID: 36751903 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Plant water use theory has largely been developed within a plant-performance paradigm that conceptualizes water use in terms of value for carbon gain and that sits within a neoclassical economic framework. This theory works very well in many contexts but does not consider other values of water to plants that could impact their fitness. Here, we survey a range of alternative hypotheses for drivers of water use and stomatal regulation. These hypotheses are organized around relevance to extreme environments, population ecology, and community ecology. Most of these hypotheses are not yet empirically tested and some are controversial (e.g. requiring more agency and behavior than is commonly believed possible for plants). Some hypotheses, especially those focused around using water to avoid thermal stress, using water to promote reproduction instead of growth, and using water to hoard it, may be useful to incorporate into theory or to implement in Earth System Models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Wong Blonder
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Luiza Maria Teophilo Aparecido
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
- Department of Research, Conservation and Collections, Desert Botanical Garden, Phoenix, AZ, 85008, USA
| | - Kevin R Hultine
- Department of Research, Conservation and Collections, Desert Botanical Garden, Phoenix, AZ, 85008, USA
| | - Danica Lombardozzi
- Climate and Global Dynamics Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, 80305, USA
| | - Sean T Michaletz
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Bradley C Posch
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Department of Research, Conservation and Collections, Desert Botanical Garden, Phoenix, AZ, 85008, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Martijn Slot
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancón, 0843-03092, Panama
| | - Klaus Winter
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancón, 0843-03092, Panama
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3
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Metz EM, Vardag SN, Basu S, Jung M, Ahrens B, El-Madany T, Sitch S, Arora VK, Briggs PR, Friedlingstein P, Goll DS, Jain AK, Kato E, Lombardozzi D, Nabel JEMS, Poulter B, Séférian R, Tian H, Wiltshire A, Yuan W, Yue X, Zaehle S, Deutscher NM, Griffith DWT, Butz A. Soil respiration-driven CO 2 pulses dominate Australia's flux variability. Science 2023; 379:1332-1335. [PMID: 36996200 DOI: 10.1126/science.add7833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
The Australian continent contributes substantially to the year-to-year variability of the global terrestrial carbon dioxide (CO2) sink. However, the scarcity of in situ observations in remote areas prevents the deciphering of processes that force the CO2 flux variability. In this study, by examining atmospheric CO2 measurements from satellites in the period 2009-2018, we find recurrent end-of-dry-season CO2 pulses over the Australian continent. These pulses largely control the year-to-year variability of Australia's CO2 balance. They cause two to three times larger seasonal variations compared with previous top-down inversions and bottom-up estimates. The pulses occur shortly after the onset of rainfall and are driven by enhanced soil respiration preceding photosynthetic uptake in Australia's semiarid regions. The suggested continental-scale relevance of soil-rewetting processes has substantial implications for our understanding and modeling of global climate-carbon cycle feedbacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva-Marie Metz
- Institute of Environmental Physics, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sanam N Vardag
- Institute of Environmental Physics, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Center for the Environment (HCE), Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sourish Basu
- Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
- Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, USA
| | - Martin Jung
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Bernhard Ahrens
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Tarek El-Madany
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Stephen Sitch
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4RJ, Devon, UK
| | - Vivek K Arora
- Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Victoria, BC V8N 1V9, Canada
| | - Peter R Briggs
- Climate Science Centre, CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Pierre Friedlingstein
- College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QF, UK
- Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique, Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace, CNRS-ENS-UPMC-X, Département de Géosciences, Ecole Normale Supérieure, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Daniel S Goll
- Université Paris Saclay, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, LSCE/IPSL, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Atul K Jain
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Etsushi Kato
- Institute of Applied Energy, Tokyo 105-0003, Japan
| | - Danica Lombardozzi
- Climate and Global Dynamics Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - Julia E M S Nabel
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Poulter
- Biospheric Sciences Laboratory, Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
| | - Roland Séférian
- CNRM, Université de Toulouse, Météo-France, CNRS, 31057 Toulouse, France
| | - Hanqin Tian
- Schiller Institute for Integrated Science and Society, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA
| | - Andrew Wiltshire
- Met Office Hadley Centre for Climate Science and Services, Exeter EX1 3PB, UK
| | - Wenping Yuan
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Xu Yue
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology (NUIST), Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Sönke Zaehle
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Nicholas M Deutscher
- Centre for Atmospheric Chemistry, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - David W T Griffith
- Centre for Atmospheric Chemistry, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - André Butz
- Institute of Environmental Physics, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Center for the Environment (HCE), Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing (IWR), Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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4
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Gleason SM, Barnard DM, Green TR, Mackay S, Wang DR, Ainsworth EA, Altenhofen J, Brodribb TJ, Cochard H, Comas LH, Cooper M, Creek D, DeJonge KC, Delzon S, Fritschi FB, Hammer G, Hunter C, Lombardozzi D, Messina CD, Ocheltree T, Stevens BM, Stewart JJ, Vadez V, Wenz J, Wright IJ, Yemoto K, Zhang H. Physiological trait networks enhance understanding of crop growth and water use in contrasting environments. Plant Cell Environ 2022; 45:2554-2572. [PMID: 35735161 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant function arises from a complex network of structural and physiological traits. Explicit representation of these traits, as well as their connections with other biophysical processes, is required to advance our understanding of plant-soil-climate interactions. We used the Terrestrial Regional Ecosystem Exchange Simulator (TREES) to evaluate physiological trait networks in maize. Net primary productivity (NPP) and grain yield were simulated across five contrasting climate scenarios. Simulations achieving high NPP and grain yield in high precipitation environments featured trait networks conferring high water use strategies: deep roots, high stomatal conductance at low water potential ("risky" stomatal regulation), high xylem hydraulic conductivity and high maximal leaf area index. In contrast, high NPP and grain yield was achieved in dry environments with low late-season precipitation via water conserving trait networks: deep roots, high embolism resistance and low stomatal conductance at low leaf water potential ("conservative" stomatal regulation). We suggest that our approach, which allows for the simultaneous evaluation of physiological traits, soil characteristics and their interactions (i.e., networks), has potential to improve our understanding of crop performance in different environments. In contrast, evaluating single traits in isolation of other coordinated traits does not appear to be an effective strategy for predicting plant performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M Gleason
- United States Department of Agriculture, Water Management and Systems Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Dave M Barnard
- United States Department of Agriculture, Water Management and Systems Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Timothy R Green
- United States Department of Agriculture, Water Management and Systems Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Scott Mackay
- Department of Geography & Department of Environment and Sustainability, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Diane R Wang
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Ainsworth
- United States Department of Agriculture, Global Change and Photosynthesis Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Jon Altenhofen
- Northern Colorado Water Conservancy District, Berthoud, Colorado, USA
| | - Timothy J Brodribb
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, The University of Tasmania Node, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Hervé Cochard
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, PIAF, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Louise H Comas
- United States Department of Agriculture, Water Management and Systems Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Mark Cooper
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, The University of Queensland Node, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Danielle Creek
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, PIAF, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
| | - Kendall C DeJonge
- United States Department of Agriculture, Water Management and Systems Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Sylvain Delzon
- Université Bordeaux, INRAE, BIOGECO, Pessac, cedex, France
| | - Felix B Fritschi
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Graeme Hammer
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, The University of Queensland Node, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Cameron Hunter
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Danica Lombardozzi
- National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), Climate & Global Dynamics Lab, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Carlos D Messina
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Troy Ocheltree
- Department of Forest and Rangeland Stewardship, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Bo Maxwell Stevens
- United States Department of Agriculture, Water Management and Systems Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Jared J Stewart
- United States Department of Agriculture, Water Management and Systems Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Joshua Wenz
- United States Department of Agriculture, Water Management and Systems Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Ian J Wright
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, Western Sydney University Node, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kevin Yemoto
- United States Department of Agriculture, Water Management and Systems Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Huihui Zhang
- United States Department of Agriculture, Water Management and Systems Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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5
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O'Sullivan M, Friedlingstein P, Sitch S, Anthoni P, Arneth A, Arora VK, Bastrikov V, Delire C, Goll DS, Jain A, Kato E, Kennedy D, Knauer J, Lienert S, Lombardozzi D, McGuire PC, Melton JR, Nabel JEMS, Pongratz J, Poulter B, Séférian R, Tian H, Vuichard N, Walker AP, Yuan W, Yue X, Zaehle S. Process-oriented analysis of dominant sources of uncertainty in the land carbon sink. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4781. [PMID: 35970991 PMCID: PMC9378641 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32416-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The observed global net land carbon sink is captured by current land models. All models agree that atmospheric CO2 and nitrogen deposition driven gains in carbon stocks are partially offset by climate and land-use and land-cover change (LULCC) losses. However, there is a lack of consensus in the partitioning of the sink between vegetation and soil, where models do not even agree on the direction of change in carbon stocks over the past 60 years. This uncertainty is driven by plant productivity, allocation, and turnover response to atmospheric CO2 (and to a smaller extent to LULCC), and the response of soil to LULCC (and to a lesser extent climate). Overall, differences in turnover explain ~70% of model spread in both vegetation and soil carbon changes. Further analysis of internal plant and soil (individual pools) cycling is needed to reduce uncertainty in the controlling processes behind the global land carbon sink. The global net land sink is relatively well constrained. However, the responsible drivers and above/below-ground partitioning are highly uncertain. Model issues regarding turnover of individual plant and soil components are responsible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael O'Sullivan
- College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QF, UK.
| | - Pierre Friedlingstein
- College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QF, UK.,Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique, Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace, CNRS-ENS-UPMC-X, Paris, France
| | - Stephen Sitch
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4RJ, UK
| | - Peter Anthoni
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research/Atmospheric Environmental Research, 82467, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | - Almut Arneth
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research/Atmospheric Environmental Research, 82467, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | - Vivek K Arora
- Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis, Climate Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Vladislav Bastrikov
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Christine Delire
- CNRM, Université de Toulouse, Météo-France, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Daniel S Goll
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Atul Jain
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61821, USA
| | - Etsushi Kato
- Institute of Applied Energy (IAE), Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0003, Japan
| | - Daniel Kennedy
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Climate and Global Dynamics, Terrestrial Sciences Section, Boulder, CO, 80305, USA
| | - Jürgen Knauer
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia.,CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Canberra, ACT, 2101, Australia
| | - Sebastian Lienert
- Climate and Environmental Physics, Physics Institute and Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Danica Lombardozzi
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Climate and Global Dynamics, Terrestrial Sciences Section, Boulder, CO, 80305, USA
| | | | - Joe R Melton
- Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis, Climate Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Julia E M S Nabel
- Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Bundesstr. 53, 20146, Hamburg, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Julia Pongratz
- Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Bundesstr. 53, 20146, Hamburg, Germany.,Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Luisenstr. 37, 80333, München, Germany
| | - Benjamin Poulter
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Biospheric Sciences Laboratory, Greenbelt, MD, 20771, USA
| | - Roland Séférian
- CNRM, Université de Toulouse, Météo-France, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Hanqin Tian
- Schiller Institute for Integrated Science and Society, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA
| | - Nicolas Vuichard
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Anthony P Walker
- Climate Change Science Institute & Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Lab, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Wenping Yuan
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 510245, China
| | - Xu Yue
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology (NUIST), Nanjing, China
| | - Sönke Zaehle
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
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6
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Novick KA, Metzger S, Anderegg WRL, Barnes M, Cala DS, Guan K, Hemes KS, Hollinger DY, Kumar J, Litvak M, Lombardozzi D, Normile CP, Oikawa P, Runkle BRK, Torn M, Wiesner S. Informing Nature-based Climate Solutions for the United States with the best-available science. Glob Chang Biol 2022; 28:3778-3794. [PMID: 35253952 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nature-based Climate Solutions (NbCS) are managed alterations to ecosystems designed to increase carbon sequestration or reduce greenhouse gas emissions. While they have growing public and private support, the realizable benefits and unintended consequences of NbCS are not well understood. At regional scales where policy decisions are often made, NbCS benefits are estimated from soil and tree survey data that can miss important carbon sources and sinks within an ecosystem, and do not reveal the biophysical impacts of NbCS for local water and energy cycles. The only direct observations of ecosystem-scale carbon fluxes, for example, by eddy covariance flux towers, have not yet been systematically assessed for what they can tell us about NbCS potentials, and state-of-the-art remote sensing products and land-surface models are not yet being widely used to inform NbCS policymaking or implementation. As a result, there is a critical mismatch between the point- and tree-scale data most often used to assess NbCS benefits and impacts, the ecosystem and landscape scales where NbCS projects are implemented, and the regional to continental scales most relevant to policymaking. Here, we propose a research agenda to confront these gaps using data and tools that have long been used to understand the mechanisms driving ecosystem carbon and energy cycling, but have not yet been widely applied to NbCS. We outline steps for creating robust NbCS assessments at both local to regional scales that are informed by ecosystem-scale observations, and which consider concurrent biophysical impacts, future climate feedbacks, and the need for equitable and inclusive NbCS implementation strategies. We contend that these research goals can largely be accomplished by shifting the scales at which pre-existing tools are applied and blended together, although we also highlight some opportunities for more radical shifts in approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly A Novick
- O'Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University-Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Stefan Metzger
- Battelle, National Ecological Observatory Network, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Mallory Barnes
- O'Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University-Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Daniela S Cala
- O'Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University-Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Kaiyu Guan
- College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Kyle S Hemes
- Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - David Y Hollinger
- USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Jitendra Kumar
- Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - Marcy Litvak
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | | | | | - Patty Oikawa
- Department of Earth & Environmental Science, California State University-East Bay, Hayward, California, USA
| | - Benjamin R K Runkle
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Margaret Torn
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Susanne Wiesner
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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7
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Li R, Lombardozzi D, Shi M, Frankenberg C, Parazoo NC, Köhler P, Yi K, Guan K, Yang X. Representation of Leaf-to-Canopy Radiative Transfer Processes Improves Simulation of Far-Red Solar-Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence in the Community Land Model Version 5. J Adv Model Earth Syst 2022; 14:e2021MS002747. [PMID: 35865620 PMCID: PMC9285887 DOI: 10.1029/2021ms002747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in satellite observations of solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) provide a new opportunity to constrain the simulation of terrestrial gross primary productivity (GPP). Accurate representation of the processes driving SIF emission and its radiative transfer to remote sensing sensors is an essential prerequisite for data assimilation. Recently, SIF simulations have been incorporated into several land surface models, but the scaling of SIF from leaf-level to canopy-level is usually not well-represented. Here, we incorporate the simulation of far-red SIF observed at nadir into the Community Land Model version 5 (CLM5). Leaf-level fluorescence yield was simulated by a parametric simplification of the Soil Canopy-Observation of Photosynthesis and Energy fluxes model (SCOPE). And an efficient and accurate method based on escape probability is developed to scale SIF from leaf-level to top-of-canopy while taking clumping and the radiative transfer processes into account. SIF simulated by CLM5 and SCOPE agreed well at sites except one in needleleaf forest (R 2 > 0.91, root-mean-square error <0.19 W⋅m-2⋅sr-1⋅μm-1), and captured the day-to-day variation of tower-measured SIF at temperate forest sites (R 2 > 0.68). At the global scale, simulated SIF generally captured the spatial and seasonal patterns of satellite-observed SIF. Factors including the fluorescence emission model, clumping, bidirectional effect, and leaf optical properties had considerable impacts on SIF simulation, and the discrepancies between simulate d and observed SIF varied with plant functional type. By improving the representation of radiative transfer for SIF simulation, our model allows better comparisons between simulated and observed SIF toward constraining GPP simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Li
- Department of Environmental SciencesUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
| | - Danica Lombardozzi
- Climate and Global Dynamics LaboratoryNational Center for Atmospheric ResearchBoulderCOUSA
| | - Mingjie Shi
- Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryRichlandWAUSA
| | - Christian Frankenberg
- Division of Geological and Planetary SciencesCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA
- Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA
| | | | - Philipp Köhler
- Division of Geological and Planetary SciencesCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA
| | - Koong Yi
- Department of Environmental SciencesUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
- Earth and Environmental Sciences AreaLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCAUSA
| | - Kaiyu Guan
- College of Agricultural, Consumers, and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaILUSA
- National Center of Supercomputing ApplicationsUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaILUSA
- Agroecosystem Sustainability Center, Institute for Sustainability, Energy, and Environment (iSEE)University of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaILUSA
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Environmental SciencesUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
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8
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Anav A, De Marco A, Collalti A, Emberson L, Feng Z, Lombardozzi D, Sicard P, Verbeke T, Viovy N, Vitale M, Paoletti E. Legislative and functional aspects of different metrics used for ozone risk assessment to forests. Environ Pollut 2022; 295:118690. [PMID: 34921939 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Surface ozone (O3) is a threat to forests by decreasing photosynthesis and, consequently, influencing the strength of land carbon sink. However, due to the lack of continuous surface O3 measurements, observational-based assessments of O3 impacts on forests are largely missing at hemispheric to global scales. Currently, some metrics are used for regulatory purposes by governments or national agencies to protect forests against the negative impacts of ozone: in particular, both Europe and United States (US) makes use of two different exposure-based metrics, i.e. AOT40 and W126, respectively. However, because of some limitations in these metrics, a new standard is under consideration by the European Union (EU) to replace the current exposure metric. We analyse here the different air quality standards set or proposed for use in Europe and in the US to protect forests from O3 and to evaluate their spatial and temporal consistency while assessing their effectiveness in protecting northern-hemisphere forests. Then, we compare their results with the information obtained from a complex land surface model (ORCHIDEE). We find that present O3 uptake decreases gross primary production (GPP) in 37.7% of the NH forested area of northern hemisphere with a mean loss of 2.4% year-1. We show how the proposed US (W126) and the currently used European (AOT40) air quality standards substantially overestimate the extension of potential vulnerable regions, predicting that 46% and 61% of the Northern Hemisphere (NH) forested area are at risk of O3 pollution. Conversely, the new proposed European standard (POD1) identifies lower extension of vulnerability regions (39.6%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Anav
- Department of Sustainability, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and the Environment (ENEA), Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra De Marco
- Department of Sustainability, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and the Environment (ENEA), Rome, Italy.
| | - Alessio Collalti
- Forest Modelling Laboratory. Institute for Agriculture and Forestry Systems in the Mediterranean, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-ISAFOM), Perugia, Italy
| | - Lisa Emberson
- Environment and Geography Department, University of York, York, UK
| | - Zhaozhong Feng
- Institute of Ecology, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Danica Lombardozzi
- Climate and Global Dynamics, National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), Boulder, CO, USA
| | | | - Thomas Verbeke
- Laboratory of Mechanics and Technology, ENS Paris-Saclay, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Nicolas Viovy
- Laboratory for Sciences of Climate and Environment (LSCE), Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Marcello Vitale
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Paoletti
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IRET), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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9
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Wang S, Zhang Y, Ju W, Chen JM, Cescatti A, Sardans J, Janssens IA, Wu M, Berry JA, Campbell JE, Fernández-Martínez M, Alkama R, Sitch S, Smith WK, Yuan W, He W, Lombardozzi D, Kautz M, Zhu D, Lienert S, Kato E, Poulter B, Sanders TGM, Krüger I, Wang R, Zeng N, Tian H, Vuichard N, Jain AK, Wiltshire A, Goll DS, Peñuelas J. Response to Comments on "Recent global decline of CO 2 fertilization effects on vegetation photosynthesis". Science 2021; 373:eabg7484. [PMID: 34554812 DOI: 10.1126/science.abg7484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Songhan Wang
- International Institute for Earth System Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Technology, Key Laboratory for Land Satellite Remote Sensing Applications of Ministry of Natural Resources, School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Yongguang Zhang
- International Institute for Earth System Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Technology, Key Laboratory for Land Satellite Remote Sensing Applications of Ministry of Natural Resources, School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.,Huangshan Park Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Education, China
| | - Weimin Ju
- International Institute for Earth System Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Technology, Key Laboratory for Land Satellite Remote Sensing Applications of Ministry of Natural Resources, School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Jing M Chen
- International Institute for Earth System Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Geography and Planning, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Jordi Sardans
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra 08193, Catalonia, Spain.,CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Ivan A Janssens
- Department of Biology, Centre of Excellence PLECO (Plant and Vegetation Ecology), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Mousong Wu
- International Institute for Earth System Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Technology, Key Laboratory for Land Satellite Remote Sensing Applications of Ministry of Natural Resources, School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Joseph A Berry
- Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - J Elliott Campbell
- Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Sierra Nevada Research Institute, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | - Marcos Fernández-Martínez
- Department of Biology, Centre of Excellence PLECO (Plant and Vegetation Ecology), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Ramdane Alkama
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Stephen Sitch
- Department of Biology, Centre of Excellence PLECO (Plant and Vegetation Ecology), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium.,College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - William K Smith
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Wenping Yuan
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Center for Monsoon and Environment Research, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei He
- International Institute for Earth System Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Technology, Key Laboratory for Land Satellite Remote Sensing Applications of Ministry of Natural Resources, School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Danica Lombardozzi
- Terrestrial Sciences Section, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Markus Kautz
- Forest Research Institute Baden-Württemberg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dan Zhu
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA CNRS UVSQ, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Sebastian Lienert
- Climate and Environmental Physics, Physics Institute, and Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Inken Krüger
- Thünen Institute of Forest Ecosystems, 16225 Eberswalde, Germany
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ning Zeng
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.,LASG, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Hanqin Tian
- International Center for Climate and Global Change Research, School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Nicolas Vuichard
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA CNRS UVSQ, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Atul K Jain
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Andy Wiltshire
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Daniel S Goll
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA CNRS UVSQ, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.,Institute of Geography, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra 08193, Catalonia, Spain.,CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193, Catalonia, Spain
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10
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Gonsamo A, Ciais P, Miralles DG, Sitch S, Dorigo W, Lombardozzi D, Friedlingstein P, Nabel JEMS, Goll DS, O'Sullivan M, Arneth A, Anthoni P, Jain AK, Wiltshire A, Peylin P, Cescatti A. Greening drylands despite warming consistent with carbon dioxide fertilization effect. Glob Chang Biol 2021; 27:3336-3349. [PMID: 33910268 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The rising atmospheric CO2 concentration leads to a CO2 fertilization effect on plants-that is, increased photosynthetic uptake of CO2 by leaves and enhanced water-use efficiency (WUE). Yet, the resulting net impact of CO2 fertilization on plant growth and soil moisture (SM) savings at large scale is poorly understood. Drylands provide a natural experimental setting to detect the CO2 fertilization effect on plant growth since foliage amount, plant water-use and photosynthesis are all tightly coupled in water-limited ecosystems. A long-term change in the response of leaf area index (LAI, a measure of foliage amount) to changes in SM is likely to stem from changing water demand of primary productivity in water-limited ecosystems and is a proxy for changes in WUE. Using 34-year satellite observations of LAI and SM over tropical and subtropical drylands, we identify that a 1% increment in SM leads to 0.15% (±0.008, 95% confidence interval) and 0.51% (±0.01, 95% confidence interval) increments in LAI during 1982-1998 and 1999-2015, respectively. The increasing response of LAI to SM has contributed 7.2% (±3.0%, 95% confidence interval) to total dryland greening during 1999-2015 compared to 1982-1998. The increasing response of LAI to SM is consistent with the CO2 fertilization effect on WUE in water-limited ecosystems, indicating that a given amount of SM has sustained greater amounts of photosynthetic foliage over time. The LAI responses to changes in SM from seven dynamic global vegetation models are not always consistent with observations, highlighting the need for improved process knowledge of terrestrial ecosystem responses to rising atmospheric CO2 concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alemu Gonsamo
- School of Earth, Environment and Society, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA CNRS UPSACLAY, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Diego G Miralles
- Hydro-Climate Extremes Lab (H-CEL), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stephen Sitch
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Wouter Dorigo
- Department of Geodesy and Geoinformation, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Pierre Friedlingstein
- College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | | | - Daniel S Goll
- Department of Geography, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Michael O'Sullivan
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Almut Arneth
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | - Peter Anthoni
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | - Atul K Jain
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | | | - Philippe Peylin
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA CNRS UPSACLAY, Gif sur Yvette, France
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11
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Fan Y, Tjiputra J, Muri H, Lombardozzi D, Park CE, Wu S, Keith D. Solar geoengineering can alleviate climate change pressures on crop yields. Nat Food 2021; 2:373-381. [PMID: 37117731 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-021-00278-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Solar geoengineering (SG) and CO2 emissions reduction can each alleviate anthropogenic climate change, but their impacts on food security are not yet fully understood. Using an advanced crop model within an Earth system model, we analysed the yield responses of six major crops to three SG technologies (SGs) and emissions reduction when they provide roughly the same reduction in radiative forcing and assume the same land use. We found sharply distinct yield responses to changes in radiation, moisture and CO2, but comparable significant cooling benefits for crop yields by all four methods. Overall, global yields increase ~10% under the three SGs and decrease 5% under emissions reduction, the latter primarily due to reduced CO2 fertilization, relative to business as usual by the late twenty-first century. Relative humidity dominates the hydrological effect on yields of rainfed crops, with little contribution from precipitation. The net insolation effect is negligible across all SGs, contrary to previous findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanchao Fan
- NORCE Norwegian Research Centre and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway.
- Center for the Environment, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Jerry Tjiputra
- NORCE Norwegian Research Centre and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - Helene Muri
- Industrial Ecology Programme, Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Danica Lombardozzi
- Climate and Global Dynamics Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Chang-Eui Park
- Department of Environmental Planning, Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Shengjun Wu
- Three Gorges Research Center for Ecology and Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - David Keith
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
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12
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Wang S, Zhang Y, Ju W, Chen JM, Ciais P, Cescatti A, Sardans J, Janssens IA, Wu M, Berry JA, Campbell E, Fernández-Martínez M, Alkama R, Sitch S, Friedlingstein P, Smith WK, Yuan W, He W, Lombardozzi D, Kautz M, Zhu D, Lienert S, Kato E, Poulter B, Sanders TGM, Krüger I, Wang R, Zeng N, Tian H, Vuichard N, Jain AK, Wiltshire A, Haverd V, Goll DS, Peñuelas J. Recent global decline of CO
2
fertilization effects on vegetation photosynthesis. Science 2020; 370:1295-1300. [DOI: 10.1126/science.abb7772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Songhan Wang
- International Institute for Earth System Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Technology, Key Laboratory for Land Satellite Remote Sensing Applications of Ministry of Natural Resources, School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Yongguang Zhang
- International Institute for Earth System Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Technology, Key Laboratory for Land Satellite Remote Sensing Applications of Ministry of Natural Resources, School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
- Huangshan Park Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Education, Huangshan, China
| | - Weimin Ju
- International Institute for Earth System Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Technology, Key Laboratory for Land Satellite Remote Sensing Applications of Ministry of Natural Resources, School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Jing M. Chen
- International Institute for Earth System Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
- Department of Geography and Planning, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, CEA CNRS UVSQ, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - Jordi Sardans
- CSIC, Global ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra 08193, Catalonia, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Ivan A. Janssens
- Department of Biology, Centre of Excellence PLECO (Plant and Vegetation Ecology), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Mousong Wu
- International Institute for Earth System Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Technology, Key Laboratory for Land Satellite Remote Sensing Applications of Ministry of Natural Resources, School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Joseph A. Berry
- Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Elliott Campbell
- Sierra Nevada Research Institute, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | - Marcos Fernández-Martínez
- Department of Biology, Centre of Excellence PLECO (Plant and Vegetation Ecology), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Ramdane Alkama
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Stephen Sitch
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Pierre Friedlingstein
- College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - William K. Smith
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Wenping Yuan
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Center for Monsoon and Environment Research, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei He
- International Institute for Earth System Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Technology, Key Laboratory for Land Satellite Remote Sensing Applications of Ministry of Natural Resources, School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Danica Lombardozzi
- Terrestrial Sciences Section, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Markus Kautz
- Forest Research Institute Baden-Württemberg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dan Zhu
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, CEA CNRS UVSQ, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Sebastian Lienert
- Climate and Environmental Physics, Physics Institute, and Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Tanja G. M. Sanders
- Thünen Institute of Forest Ecosystems, Alfred-Möller-Str. 1, 16225 Eberswalde, Germany
| | - Inken Krüger
- Thünen Institute of Forest Ecosystems, Alfred-Möller-Str. 1, 16225 Eberswalde, Germany
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Ning Zeng
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- LASG, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Hanqin Tian
- International Center for Climate and Global Change Research, School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Nicolas Vuichard
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, CEA CNRS UVSQ, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Atul K. Jain
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Illinois, 105 South Gregory Street, Urbana, IL 61801-3070, USA
| | - Andy Wiltshire
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Vanessa Haverd
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Daniel S. Goll
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, CEA CNRS UVSQ, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Institute of Geography, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC, Global ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra 08193, Catalonia, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193, Catalonia, Spain
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13
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O'Sullivan M, Smith WK, Sitch S, Friedlingstein P, Arora VK, Haverd V, Jain AK, Kato E, Kautz M, Lombardozzi D, Nabel JEMS, Tian H, Vuichard N, Wiltshire A, Zhu D, Buermann W. Climate-Driven Variability and Trends in Plant Productivity Over Recent Decades Based on Three Global Products. Global Biogeochem Cycles 2020; 34:e2020GB006613. [PMID: 33380772 PMCID: PMC7757257 DOI: 10.1029/2020gb006613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Variability in climate exerts a strong influence on vegetation productivity (gross primary productivity; GPP), and therefore has a large impact on the land carbon sink. However, no direct observations of global GPP exist, and estimates rely on models that are constrained by observations at various spatial and temporal scales. Here, we assess the consistency in GPP from global products which extend for more than three decades; two observation-based approaches, the upscaling of FLUXNET site observations (FLUXCOM) and a remote sensing derived light use efficiency model (RS-LUE), and from a suite of terrestrial biosphere models (TRENDYv6). At local scales, we find high correlations in annual GPP among the products, with exceptions in tropical and high northern latitudes. On longer time scales, the products agree on the direction of trends over 58% of the land, with large increases across northern latitudes driven by warming trends. Further, tropical regions exhibit the largest interannual variability in GPP, with both rainforests and savannas contributing substantially. Variability in savanna GPP is likely predominantly driven by water availability, although temperature could play a role via soil moisture-atmosphere feedbacks. There is, however, no consensus on the magnitude and driver of variability of tropical forests, which suggest uncertainties in process representations and underlying observations remain. These results emphasize the need for more direct long-term observations of GPP along with an extension of in situ networks in underrepresented regions (e.g., tropical forests). Such capabilities would support efforts to better validate relevant processes in models, to more accurately estimate GPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael O'Sullivan
- College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical SciencesUniversity of ExeterExeterUK
| | - William K. Smith
- School of Natural Resources and the EnvironmentUniversity of ArizonaTucsonAZUSA
| | - Stephen Sitch
- College of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of ExeterExeterUK
| | - Pierre Friedlingstein
- College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical SciencesUniversity of ExeterExeterUK
- LMD/IPSL, ENS, PSL Université, École Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Sorbonne Université, CNRSParisFrance
| | - Vivek K. Arora
- Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis, Environment and Climate Change CanadaUniversity of VictoriaVictoriaBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | | | - Atul K. Jain
- Department of Atmospheric SciencesUniversity of IllinoisUrbanaILUSA
| | | | - Markus Kautz
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research – Atmospheric Environmental Research (IMK‐IFU)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Garmisch‐PartenkirchenGermany
- Forest Research Institute Baden‐WürttembergFreiburgGermany
| | - Danica Lombardozzi
- Climate and Global Dynamics DivisionNational Center for Atmospheric ResearchBoulderCOUSA
| | | | - Hanqin Tian
- International Center for Climate and Global Change Research, School of Forestry and Wildlife SciencesAuburn UniversityAuburnALUSA
| | - Nicolas Vuichard
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, UMR8212 CEA‐CNRS‐UVSQ, Université Paris‐Saclay, IPSLGif‐sur‐YvetteFrance
| | | | - Dan Zhu
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, UMR8212 CEA‐CNRS‐UVSQ, Université Paris‐Saclay, IPSLGif‐sur‐YvetteFrance
| | - Wolfgang Buermann
- Institute of GeographyAugsburg UniversityAugsburgGermany
- Institute of the Environment and SustainabilityUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA
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14
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Wang K, Wang Y, Wang X, He Y, Li X, Keeling RF, Ciais P, Heimann M, Peng S, Chevallier F, Friedlingstein P, Sitch S, Buermann W, Arora VK, Haverd V, Jain AK, Kato E, Lienert S, Lombardozzi D, Nabel JEMS, Poulter B, Vuichard N, Wiltshire A, Zeng N, Zhu D, Piao S. Causes of slowing-down seasonal CO 2 amplitude at Mauna Loa. Glob Chang Biol 2020; 26:4462-4477. [PMID: 32415896 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Changing amplitude of the seasonal cycle of atmospheric CO2 (SCA) in the northern hemisphere is an emerging carbon cycle property. Mauna Loa (MLO) station (20°N, 156°W), which has the longest continuous northern hemisphere CO2 record, shows an increasing SCA before the 1980s (p < .01), followed by no significant change thereafter. We analyzed the potential driving factors of SCA slowing-down, with an ensemble of dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs) coupled with an atmospheric transport model. We found that slowing-down of SCA at MLO is primarily explained by response of net biome productivity (NBP) to climate change, and by changes in atmospheric circulations. Through NBP, climate change increases SCA at MLO before the 1980s and decreases it afterwards. The effect of climate change on the slowing-down of SCA at MLO is mainly exerted by intensified drought stress acting to offset the acceleration driven by CO2 fertilization. This challenges the view that CO2 fertilization is the dominant cause of emergent SCA trends at northern sites south of 40°N. The contribution of agricultural intensification on the deceleration of SCA at MLO was elusive according to land-atmosphere CO2 flux estimated by DGVMs and atmospheric inversions. Our results also show the necessity to adequately account for changing circulation patterns in understanding carbon cycle dynamics observed from atmospheric observations and in using these observations to benchmark DGVMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yilong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA CNRS UVSQ, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Xuhui Wang
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yue He
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangyi Li
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ralph F Keeling
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA CNRS UVSQ, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Martin Heimann
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Shushi Peng
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Frédéric Chevallier
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA CNRS UVSQ, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Pierre Friedlingstein
- College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Stephen Sitch
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Wolfgang Buermann
- Institute of Geography, Augsburg University, Augsburg, Germany
- Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Vivek K Arora
- Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis, Environment Canada, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | | | - Atul K Jain
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | | | - Sebastian Lienert
- Climate and Environmental Physics, Physics Institute and Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Danica Lombardozzi
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Climate and Global Dynamics, Terrestrial Sciences Section, Boulder, CO, USA
| | | | - Benjamin Poulter
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Biospheric Sciences Laboratory, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - Nicolas Vuichard
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA CNRS UVSQ, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - Ning Zeng
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Dan Zhu
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA CNRS UVSQ, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Shilong Piao
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology and Biodiversity, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Center for Excellence in Tibetan Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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15
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Yun J, Jeong S, Ho CH, Park H, Liu J, Lee H, Sitch S, Friedlingstein P, Lienert S, Lombardozzi D, Haverd V, Jain A, Zaehle S, Kato E, Tian H, Vuichard N, Wiltshire A, Zeng N. Enhanced regional terrestrial carbon uptake over Korea revealed by atmospheric CO 2 measurements from 1999 to 2017. Glob Chang Biol 2020; 26:3368-3383. [PMID: 32125754 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Understanding changes in terrestrial carbon balance is important to improve our knowledge of the regional carbon cycle and climate change. However, evaluating regional changes in the terrestrial carbon balance is challenging due to the lack of surface flux measurements. This study reveals that the terrestrial carbon uptake over the Republic of Korea has been enhanced from 1999 to 2017 by analyzing long-term atmospheric CO2 concentration measurements at the Anmyeondo Station (36.53°N, 126.32°E) located in the western coast. The influence of terrestrial carbon flux on atmospheric CO2 concentrations (ΔCO2 ) is estimated from the difference of CO2 concentrations that were influenced by the land sector (through easterly winds) and the Yellow Sea sector (through westerly winds). We find a significant trend in ΔCO2 of -4.75 ppm per decade (p < .05) during the vegetation growing season (May through October), suggesting that the regional terrestrial carbon uptake has increased relative to the surrounding ocean areas. Combined analysis with satellite measured normalized difference vegetation index and gross primary production shows that the enhanced carbon uptake is associated with significant nationwide increases in vegetation and its production. Process-based terrestrial model and inverse model simulations estimate that regional terrestrial carbon uptake increases by up to 18.9 and 8.0 Tg C for the study period, accounting for 13.4% and 5.7% of the average annual domestic carbon emissions, respectively. Atmospheric chemical transport model simulations indicate that the enhanced terrestrial carbon sink is the primary reason for the observed ΔCO2 trend rather than anthropogenic emissions and atmospheric circulation changes. Our results highlight the fact that atmospheric CO2 measurements could open up the possibility of detecting regional changes in the terrestrial carbon cycle even where anthropogenic emissions are not negligible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongmin Yun
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sujong Jeong
- Department of Environmental Planning, Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Hoi Ho
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoonyoung Park
- Department of Environmental Planning, Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Junjie Liu
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Haeyoung Lee
- Environmental Meteorology Research Division, National Institute of Meteorological Sciences, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Stephen Sitch
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Pierre Friedlingstein
- College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Sebastian Lienert
- Climate and Environmental Physics, Physics Institute and Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Danica Lombardozzi
- Climate and Global Dynamics, Terrestrial Sciences Section, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
| | | | - Atual Jain
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Sönke Zaehle
- Biogeochemical Integration Department, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Etsushi Kato
- Research & Development Division, Institute of Applied Energy (IAE), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hanqin Tian
- School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Nicolas Vuichard
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, CE Orme des Merisiers, Gif-sur-Yvette CEDEX, France
| | | | - Ning Zeng
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science and Earth System Science, Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
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16
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Kondo M, Patra PK, Sitch S, Friedlingstein P, Poulter B, Chevallier F, Ciais P, Canadell JG, Bastos A, Lauerwald R, Calle L, Ichii K, Anthoni P, Arneth A, Haverd V, Jain AK, Kato E, Kautz M, Law RM, Lienert S, Lombardozzi D, Maki T, Nakamura T, Peylin P, Rödenbeck C, Zhuravlev R, Saeki T, Tian H, Zhu D, Ziehn T. State of the science in reconciling top-down and bottom-up approaches for terrestrial CO 2 budget. Glob Chang Biol 2020; 26:1068-1084. [PMID: 31828914 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Robust estimates of CO2 budget, CO2 exchanged between the atmosphere and terrestrial biosphere, are necessary to better understand the role of the terrestrial biosphere in mitigating anthropogenic CO2 emissions. Over the past decade, this field of research has advanced through understanding of the differences and similarities of two fundamentally different approaches: "top-down" atmospheric inversions and "bottom-up" biosphere models. Since the first studies were undertaken, these approaches have shown an increasing level of agreement, but disagreements in some regions still persist, in part because they do not estimate the same quantity of atmosphere-biosphere CO2 exchange. Here, we conducted a thorough comparison of CO2 budgets at multiple scales and from multiple methods to assess the current state of the science in estimating CO2 budgets. Our set of atmospheric inversions and biosphere models, which were adjusted for a consistent flux definition, showed a high level of agreement for global and hemispheric CO2 budgets in the 2000s. Regionally, improved agreement in CO2 budgets was notable for North America and Southeast Asia. However, large gaps between the two methods remained in East Asia and South America. In other regions, Europe, boreal Asia, Africa, South Asia, and Oceania, it was difficult to determine whether those regions act as a net sink or source because of the large spread in estimates from atmospheric inversions. These results highlight two research directions to improve the robustness of CO2 budgets: (a) to increase representation of processes in biosphere models that could contribute to fill the budget gaps, such as forest regrowth and forest degradation; and (b) to reduce sink-source compensation between regions (dipoles) in atmospheric inversion so that their estimates become more comparable. Advancements on both research areas will increase the level of agreement between the top-down and bottom-up approaches and yield more robust knowledge of regional CO2 budgets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Kondo
- Center for Environmental Remote Sensing, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Prabir K Patra
- Center for Environmental Remote Sensing, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Environmental Geochemical Cycle Research, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Stephen Sitch
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Pierre Friedlingstein
- College of Engineering, Mathematics, and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Benjamin Poulter
- Biospheric Science Laboratory, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - Frederic Chevallier
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Josep G Canadell
- Global Carbon Project, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation-Oceans and Atmosphere, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Ana Bastos
- Department of Geography, Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Leonardo Calle
- W.A. Franke College of Forestry & Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Kazuhito Ichii
- Center for Environmental Remote Sensing, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Center for Global Environmental Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Peter Anthoni
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research/Atmospheric Environmental Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | - Almut Arneth
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research/Atmospheric Environmental Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | - Vanessa Haverd
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation-Oceans and Atmosphere, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Atul K Jain
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | | | - Markus Kautz
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research/Atmospheric Environmental Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
- Department of Forest Health, Forest Research Institute Baden-Württemberg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rachel M Law
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation-Oceans and Atmosphere, Aspendale, Vic., Australia
| | - Sebastian Lienert
- Climate and Environmental Physics, Physics Institute and Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Danica Lombardozzi
- Climate and Global Dynamics, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Takashi Maki
- Meteorological Research Institute, Tsukuba, Japan
| | | | - Philippe Peylin
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - Ruslan Zhuravlev
- Central Aerological Observatory of Russian Hydromet Service, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tazu Saeki
- Center for Global Environmental Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hanqin Tian
- International Center for Climate and Global Change Research, School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Dan Zhu
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Tilo Ziehn
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation-Oceans and Atmosphere, Aspendale, Vic., Australia
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17
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Yuan W, Zheng Y, Piao S, Ciais P, Lombardozzi D, Wang Y, Ryu Y, Chen G, Dong W, Hu Z, Jain AK, Jiang C, Kato E, Li S, Lienert S, Liu S, Nabel JE, Qin Z, Quine T, Sitch S, Smith WK, Wang F, Wu C, Xiao Z, Yang S. Increased atmospheric vapor pressure deficit reduces global vegetation growth. Sci Adv 2019; 5:eaax1396. [PMID: 31453338 PMCID: PMC6693914 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax1396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric vapor pressure deficit (VPD) is a critical variable in determining plant photosynthesis. Synthesis of four global climate datasets reveals a sharp increase of VPD after the late 1990s. In response, the vegetation greening trend indicated by a satellite-derived vegetation index (GIMMS3g), which was evident before the late 1990s, was subsequently stalled or reversed. Terrestrial gross primary production derived from two satellite-based models (revised EC-LUE and MODIS) exhibits persistent and widespread decreases after the late 1990s due to increased VPD, which offset the positive CO2 fertilization effect. Six Earth system models have consistently projected continuous increases of VPD throughout the current century. Our results highlight that the impacts of VPD on vegetation growth should be adequately considered to assess ecosystem responses to future climate conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenping Yuan
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Dynamics Urban Climate and Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 510245, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai 519082, China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Yi Zheng
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Dynamics Urban Climate and Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 510245, China
| | - Shilong Piao
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, CEA CNRS UVSQ, Gif-sur-Yvette 91191, France
| | - Danica Lombardozzi
- Terrestrial Sciences Section, Climate and Global Dynamics, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - Yingping Wang
- CSIRO, Oceans and Atmosphere, Private Bag 1, Aspendale, Victoria 3195, Australia
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Youngryel Ryu
- Department of Landscape Architecture and Rural Systems Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Guixing Chen
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Dynamics Urban Climate and Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 510245, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Wenjie Dong
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Dynamics Urban Climate and Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 510245, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Zhongming Hu
- School of Geography, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Atul K. Jain
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Chongya Jiang
- College of Agricultural, Consumer & Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Etsushi Kato
- Global Environment Program, Research & Development Division, The Institute of Applied Energy (IAE), Shimbashi SY Bldg., 1-14-2 Nishi-Shimbashi Minato, Tokyo 105-0003, Japan
| | - Shihua Li
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Dynamics Urban Climate and Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 510245, China
| | - Sebastian Lienert
- Climate and Environmental Physics, Physics Institute and Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Shuguang Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology of Forestry & Ecology in South China and College of Biological Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | | | - Zhangcai Qin
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Dynamics Urban Climate and Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 510245, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Timothy Quine
- Department of Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, EX4 4RJ Exeter, UK
| | - Stephen Sitch
- Department of Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, EX4 4RJ Exeter, UK
| | - William K. Smith
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Fan Wang
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Dynamics Urban Climate and Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 510245, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Chaoyang Wu
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zhiqiang Xiao
- Faculty of Geography, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Song Yang
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Dynamics Urban Climate and Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 510245, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai 519082, China
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18
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Bastos A, Friedlingstein P, Sitch S, Chen C, Mialon A, Wigneron JP, Arora VK, Briggs PR, Canadell JG, Ciais P, Chevallier F, Cheng L, Delire C, Haverd V, Jain AK, Joos F, Kato E, Lienert S, Lombardozzi D, Melton JR, Myneni R, Nabel JEMS, Pongratz J, Poulter B, Rödenbeck C, Séférian R, Tian H, van Eck C, Viovy N, Vuichard N, Walker AP, Wiltshire A, Yang J, Zaehle S, Zeng N, Zhu D. Impact of the 2015/2016 El Niño on the terrestrial carbon cycle constrained by bottom-up and top-down approaches. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2018; 373:rstb.2017.0304. [PMID: 30297465 PMCID: PMC6178442 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2017.0304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Evaluating the response of the land carbon sink to the anomalies in temperature and drought imposed by El Niño events provides insights into the present-day carbon cycle and its climate-driven variability. It is also a necessary step to build confidence in terrestrial ecosystems models' response to the warming and drying stresses expected in the future over many continents, and particularly in the tropics. Here we present an in-depth analysis of the response of the terrestrial carbon cycle to the 2015/2016 El Niño that imposed extreme warming and dry conditions in the tropics and other sensitive regions. First, we provide a synthesis of the spatio-temporal evolution of anomalies in net land–atmosphere CO2 fluxes estimated by two in situ measurements based on atmospheric inversions and 16 land-surface models (LSMs) from TRENDYv6. Simulated changes in ecosystem productivity, decomposition rates and fire emissions are also investigated. Inversions and LSMs generally agree on the decrease and subsequent recovery of the land sink in response to the onset, peak and demise of El Niño conditions and point to the decreased strength of the land carbon sink: by 0.4–0.7 PgC yr−1 (inversions) and by 1.0 PgC yr−1 (LSMs) during 2015/2016. LSM simulations indicate that a decrease in productivity, rather than increase in respiration, dominated the net biome productivity anomalies in response to ENSO throughout the tropics, mainly associated with prolonged drought conditions. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘The impact of the 2015/2016 El Niño on the terrestrial tropical carbon cycle: patterns, mechanisms and implications’.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Bastos
- Department of Geography, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Luisenstr. 37, Munich D-80333, Germany .,Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE), CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, UMR8212, Gif-sur-Yvette 91191, France
| | - Pierre Friedlingstein
- College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QF, UK
| | - Stephen Sitch
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4RJ, UK
| | - Chi Chen
- Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Arnaud Mialon
- CESBIO, Université de Toulouse, CNES/CNRS/IRD/UPS, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | | | - Vivek K Arora
- Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis, Environment and Climate Change Canada, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W2Y2
| | - Peter R Briggs
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Josep G Canadell
- Global Carbon Project, CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE), CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, UMR8212, Gif-sur-Yvette 91191, France
| | - Frédéric Chevallier
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE), CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, UMR8212, Gif-sur-Yvette 91191, France
| | - Lei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Christine Delire
- Centre National de Recherches Météorologiques, CNRM, Unité 3589 CNRS/Meteo-France/Université Fédérale de Toulouse, Av G Coriolis, Toulouse 31057, France
| | - Vanessa Haverd
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Atul K Jain
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Fortunat Joos
- Climate and Environmental Physics, Physics Institute and Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern CH-3012, Switzerland
| | - Etsushi Kato
- Institute of Applied Energy (IAE), Minato, Tokyo 105-0003, Japan
| | - Sebastian Lienert
- Climate and Environmental Physics, Physics Institute and Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern CH-3012, Switzerland
| | - Danica Lombardozzi
- Climate and Global Dynamics Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80302, USA
| | - Joe R Melton
- Climate Processes Section, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Downsview, Ontario, Canada V8W2Y2
| | - Ranga Myneni
- Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | | | - Julia Pongratz
- Department of Geography, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Luisenstr. 37, Munich D-80333, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg 20146, Germany
| | - Benjamin Poulter
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Biospheric Sciences Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20816, USA
| | | | - Roland Séférian
- Centre National de Recherches Météorologiques, CNRM, Unité 3589 CNRS/Meteo-France/Université Fédérale de Toulouse, Av G Coriolis, Toulouse 31057, France
| | - Hanqin Tian
- International Center for Climate and Global Change Research, School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, 602 Duncan Drive, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Christel van Eck
- Department of Geoscience, Environment and Society, CP 160/02, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels 1050, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Viovy
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE), CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, UMR8212, Gif-sur-Yvette 91191, France
| | - Nicolas Vuichard
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE), CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, UMR8212, Gif-sur-Yvette 91191, France
| | - Anthony P Walker
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | | | - Jia Yang
- International Center for Climate and Global Change Research, School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, 602 Duncan Drive, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Sönke Zaehle
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Ning Zeng
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science and Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 100029, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modelling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Beijing 20740, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Zhu
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE), CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, UMR8212, Gif-sur-Yvette 91191, France
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Buermann W, Forkel M, O’Sullivan M, Sitch S, Friedlingstein P, Haverd V, Jain AK, Kato E, Kautz M, Lienert S, Lombardozzi D, Nabel JEMS, Tian H, Wiltshire AJ, Zhu D, Smith WK, Richardson AD. Widespread seasonal compensation effects of spring warming on northern plant productivity. Nature 2018; 562:110-114. [DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0555-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Gonsamo A, Chen JM, Lombardozzi D. Global vegetation productivity response to climatic oscillations during the satellite era. Glob Chang Biol 2016; 22:3414-3426. [PMID: 26919189 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Climate control on global vegetation productivity patterns has intensified in response to recent global warming. Yet, the contributions of the leading internal climatic variations to global vegetation productivity are poorly understood. Here, we use 30 years of global satellite observations to study climatic variations controls on continental and global vegetation productivity patterns. El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phases (La Niña, neutral, and El Niño years) appear to be a weaker control on global-scale vegetation productivity than previously thought, although continental-scale responses are substantial. There is also clear evidence that other non-ENSO climatic variations have a strong control on spatial patterns of vegetation productivity mainly through their influence on temperature. Among the eight leading internal climatic variations, the East Atlantic/West Russia Pattern extensively controls the ensuing year vegetation productivity of the most productive tropical and temperate forest ecosystems of the Earth's vegetated surface through directionally consistent influence on vegetation greenness. The Community Climate System Model (CCSM4) simulations do not capture the observed patterns of vegetation productivity responses to internal climatic variations. Our analyses show the ubiquitous control of climatic variations on vegetation productivity and can further guide CCSM and other Earth system models developments to represent vegetation response patterns to unforced variability. Several winter time internal climatic variation indices show strong potentials on predicting growing season vegetation productivity two to six seasons ahead which enables national governments and farmers forecast crop yield to ensure supplies of affordable food, famine early warning, and plan management options to minimize yield losses ahead of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alemu Gonsamo
- Department of Geography and Planning, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5S 3G3
| | - Jing M Chen
- Department of Geography and Planning, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5S 3G3
| | - Danica Lombardozzi
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, P.O. Box 3000, Boulder, CO, 80307, USA
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Hall SJ, Lombardozzi D. Short-term Effects of Wildfire on Montane Stream Ecosystems in the Southern Rocky Mountains: One and Two Years Post-burn. WEST N AM NATURALIST 2008. [DOI: 10.3398/1527-0904-68.4.453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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