1
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Chen L, Liu W, Li Z, Zhang Y, Cheng H, Tian J, Chen S. Polarization-insensitive high-numerical-aperture metalens for wide-field super-resolution imaging. OPTICS LETTERS 2024; 49:1640-1643. [PMID: 38560825 DOI: 10.1364/ol.506612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The development of super-oscillatory lens (SOL) offers opportunities to realize far-field label-free super-resolution microscopy. Most microscopes based on a high numerical aperture (NA) SOL operate in the point-by-point scanning mode, resulting in a slow imaging speed. Here, we propose a high-NA metalens operating in the single-shot wide-field mode to achieve real-time super-resolution imaging. An optimization model based on the exhaustion algorithm and angular spectrum (AS) theory is developed for metalens design. We numerically demonstrate that the optimized metalens with an NA of 0.8 realizes the imaging resolution (imaging pixel size) about 0.85 times the Rayleigh criterion. The metalens can achieve super-resolution imaging of an object with over 200 pixels, which is one order of magnitude higher than the unoptimized metalens. Our method provides an avenue toward single-shot far-field label-free super-resolution imaging for applications such as real-time imaging of living cells and temporally moving particles.
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2
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Kolkıran A. Subwavelength resolution using the near field of quantum emitters. OPTICS LETTERS 2024; 49:1676-1679. [PMID: 38560834 DOI: 10.1364/ol.514768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
We propose a novel, to the best of our knowledge, approach to superresolution optical imaging by combining quantum optics and near-field optics. Our concept involves the utilization of single-photon quantum emitters to generate a standalone evanescent wave. We demonstrate that the quantum interference effects of single-photon emitters, in conjunction with their near-field, result in a higher resolution of subwavelength structures than systems that are only quantum enhanced or only near-field enhanced. We believe that nano-sized emitters could be employed to accomplish the goals of this research, taking into account the current progress in nanophotonics and quantum optics technology.
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3
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Khajavi S, Shaterzadeh-Yazdi Z, Eghrari A, Neshat M. Modeling scanning near-field optical photons scattered from an atomic force microscope for quantum metrology. Ultramicroscopy 2024; 255:113863. [PMID: 37837794 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2023.113863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Scattering scanning near-field optical microscopy (s-SNOM) is a promising technique for overcoming Abbe diffraction limit and substantially enhancing the spatial resolution in spectroscopic imaging. The s-SNOM works by exposing an atomic force microscope (AFM) tip to an optical electromagnetic (EM) field, while the tip is so close to a dielectric sample that the incident beam lies within the near-field regime and displays nonlinear behavior. We suggest replacing the incident EM field by photons generated by a single photon emitter, and propose a theoretical model for the suggested system by employing electric-dipole approximation, image theory, and perturbation theory. The count rate of the scattered photons from the AFM tip is extracted through a single photon detector, which contains information about electrical permittivity of the dielectric material beneath the tip. The permittivity of the sample can be extracted through spectroscopic setups. Our proposed scheme is useful for enhancing the spatial resolution of the modern quantum spectroscopy configurations that utilize entangled single photons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheil Khajavi
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, North Kargar St., Tehran, 14399 57131, Iran
| | - Zahra Shaterzadeh-Yazdi
- School of Engineering Science, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, 16 Azar St., Enghelab Sq., Tehran, 14155 6619, Iran.
| | - Ali Eghrari
- Faculty of Natural, Mathematical & Engineering Sciences, King's College London, London, WC2R 2LS, England, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammad Neshat
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, North Kargar St., Tehran, 14399 57131, Iran
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4
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Zheltikov AM. Thermal and Quantum Barrier Passage as Potential-Driven Markovian Dynamics. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:9413-9422. [PMID: 37905974 PMCID: PMC10863070 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c02744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Rapidly progressing laser technologies provide powerful tools to study potential barrier-passage dynamics in physical, chemical, and biological systems with unprecedented temporal and spatial resolution and a remarkable chemical and structural specificity. The available theories of barrier passage, however, operate with equations, potentials, and parameters that are best suited for a specific area of research and a specific class of systems and processes. Making connections among these theories is often anything but easy. Here, we address this problem by presenting a unified framework for the description of a vast variety of classical and quantum barrier-passage phenomena, revealing an innate connection between various types of barrier-passage dynamics and providing closed-form equations showing how the signature exponentials in classical and quantum barrier-passage rates relate to and translate into each other. In this framework, the Arrhenius-law kinetics, the emergence of the Gibbs distribution, Hund's molecular wave-packet well-to-well oscillatory dynamics, Keldysh photoionization, and Kramers' escape over a potential barrier are all understood as manifestations of a potential-driven Markovian dynamics whereby a system evolves from a state of local stability. Key to the irreducibility of quantum tunneling to thermally activated barrier passage is the difference in the ways the diffusion-driving potentials emerge in these two tunneling settings, giving rise to stationary states with a distinctly different structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. M. Zheltikov
- Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering,
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas
A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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5
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Long L, Deng Q, Huang R, Li J, Li ZY. 3D printing of plasmonic nanofocusing tip enabling high resolution, high throughput and high contrast optical near-field imaging. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2023; 12:219. [PMID: 37673900 PMCID: PMC10483034 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-023-01272-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM) offers a means to reach a fine spatial resolution down to ~ 10 nm, but unfortunately suffers from low transmission efficiency of optical signal. Here we present design and 3D printing of a fiber-bound polymer-core/gold-shell spiral-grating conical tip that allows for coupling the inner incident optical signal to the outer surface plasmon polariton with high efficiency, which then adiabatically transport, squeeze, and interfere constructively at the tip apex to form a plasmonic superfocusing spot with tiny size and high brightness. Numerical simulations and optical measurements show that this specially designed and fabricated tip has 10% transmission efficiency, ~ 5 nm spatial resolution, 20 dB signal-to-noise ratio, and 7000 pixels per second fast scanning speed. This high-resolution, high throughput, and high contrast SNOM would open up a new frontier of high spatial-temporal resolution detecting, imaging, and monitoring of single-molecule physical, chemical, and biological systems, and deepen our understanding of their basic science in the single-molecule level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Long
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Qiurong Deng
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Rongtao Huang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Jiafang Li
- School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Li
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
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6
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Raj M K, Priyadarshani J, Karan P, Bandyopadhyay S, Bhattacharya S, Chakraborty S. Bio-inspired microfluidics: A review. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2023; 17:051503. [PMID: 37781135 PMCID: PMC10539033 DOI: 10.1063/5.0161809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Biomicrofluidics, a subdomain of microfluidics, has been inspired by several ideas from nature. However, while the basic inspiration for the same may be drawn from the living world, the translation of all relevant essential functionalities to an artificially engineered framework does not remain trivial. Here, we review the recent progress in bio-inspired microfluidic systems via harnessing the integration of experimental and simulation tools delving into the interface of engineering and biology. Development of "on-chip" technologies as well as their multifarious applications is subsequently discussed, accompanying the relevant advancements in materials and fabrication technology. Pointers toward new directions in research, including an amalgamated fusion of data-driven modeling (such as artificial intelligence and machine learning) and physics-based paradigm, to come up with a human physiological replica on a synthetic bio-chip with due accounting of personalized features, are suggested. These are likely to facilitate physiologically replicating disease modeling on an artificially engineered biochip as well as advance drug development and screening in an expedited route with the minimization of animal and human trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Raj M
- Department of Applied Mechanics and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600036, India
| | - Jyotsana Priyadarshani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Biomechanics Section (BMe), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 300, 3001 Louvain, Belgium
| | - Pratyaksh Karan
- Géosciences Rennes Univ Rennes, CNRS, Géosciences Rennes, UMR 6118, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Saumyadwip Bandyopadhyay
- Advanced Technology Development Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
| | - Soumya Bhattacharya
- Achira Labs Private Limited, 66b, 13th Cross Rd., Dollar Layout, 3–Phase, JP Nagar, Bangalore, Karnataka 560078, India
| | - Suman Chakraborty
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
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7
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Chen X, Zhong S, Hou Y, Cao R, Wang W, Li D, Dai Q, Kim D, Xi P. Superresolution structured illumination microscopy reconstruction algorithms: a review. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2023; 12:172. [PMID: 37433801 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-023-01204-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Structured illumination microscopy (SIM) has become the standard for next-generation wide-field microscopy, offering ultrahigh imaging speed, superresolution, a large field-of-view, and long-term imaging. Over the past decade, SIM hardware and software have flourished, leading to successful applications in various biological questions. However, unlocking the full potential of SIM system hardware requires the development of advanced reconstruction algorithms. Here, we introduce the basic theory of two SIM algorithms, namely, optical sectioning SIM (OS-SIM) and superresolution SIM (SR-SIM), and summarize their implementation modalities. We then provide a brief overview of existing OS-SIM processing algorithms and review the development of SR-SIM reconstruction algorithms, focusing primarily on 2D-SIM, 3D-SIM, and blind-SIM. To showcase the state-of-the-art development of SIM systems and assist users in selecting a commercial SIM system for a specific application, we compare the features of representative off-the-shelf SIM systems. Finally, we provide perspectives on the potential future developments of SIM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- National Biomedical Imaging Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Suyi Zhong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- National Biomedical Imaging Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yiwei Hou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- National Biomedical Imaging Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Ruijie Cao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- National Biomedical Imaging Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Wenyi Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- National Biomedical Imaging Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Dong Li
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qionghai Dai
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Institute for Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Multidimension & Multiscale Computational Photography, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Intelligence, Beijing Municipal Education Commission, Beijing, China
| | - Donghyun Kim
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Peng Xi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
- National Biomedical Imaging Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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8
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Liu Q, Zhou D, Zhang J, Ji C, Du K, Chen Y, Liu W, Kuang C. DMD-based compact SIM system with hexagonal-lattice-structured illumination. APPLIED OPTICS 2023; 62:5409-5415. [PMID: 37706857 DOI: 10.1364/ao.494214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we developed a novel, compact, and efficient structured illumination microscopy (SIM) system, to our best knowledge. A binary hexagonal lattice pattern was designed and implemented on a digital micromirror device (DMD), resulting in a projection-based structured-light generation. By leveraging the combination of the high-speed switching capability of the DMD with a high-speed CMOS camera, the system can capture 1024×1024 pixels images at a 200 fps frame rate when provided with sufficient illumination power. The loading of the hexagonal lattice pattern reduces the number of images required for reconstruction to seven, and by utilizing the DMD modulating characteristics on the illumination path, there is no need to use bulky mechanical structures for phase shifting. We designed a compact system with 110m m×150m m×170m m dimensions that displayed a 1.61 resolution enhancement for fluorescent particle and biological sample imaging.
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9
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Ma Y, Dai T, Yu L, Ma L, An S, Wang Y, Liu M, Zheng J, Kong L, Zuo C, Gao P. Reflectional quantitative differential phase microscopy using polarized wavefront phase modulation. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2023; 16:e202200325. [PMID: 36752421 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202200325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative phase microscopy (QPM), as a label-free and nondestructive technique, has been playing an indispensable tool in biomedical imaging and industrial inspection. Herein, we introduce a reflectional quantitative differential phase microscopy (termed RQDPM) based on polarized wavefront phase modulation and partially coherent full-aperture illumination, which has high spatial resolution and spatio-temporal phase sensitivity and is applicable to opaque surfaces and turbid biological specimens. RQDPM does not require additional polarized devices and can be easily switched from reflectional mode to transmission mode. In addition, RQDPM inherits the characteristic of high axial resolution of differential interference contrast microscope, thereby providing topography for opaque surfaces. We experimentally demonstrate the reflectional phase imaging ability of RQDPM with several samples: semiconductor wafer, thick biological tissues, red blood cells, and Hela cells. Furthermore, we dynamically monitor the flow state of microspheres in a self-built microfluidic channel by using RQDPM converted into the transmission mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ma
- School of Physics, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
| | - Taiqiang Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lan Yu
- School of Physics, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lin Ma
- School of Physics, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
| | - Sha An
- School of Physics, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yang Wang
- School of Physics, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
| | - Min Liu
- School of Physics, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
| | | | - Liang Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chao Zuo
- School of Physics, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
| | - Peng Gao
- School of Physics, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
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10
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Luo H, Wang X, Wen Y, Li S, Zhang T, Jiang C, Wang F, Liu L, Yu H. Self-Sensing Scanning Superlens for Three-Dimensional Noninvasive Visible-Light Nanoscale Imaging on Complex Surfaces. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:4311-4317. [PMID: 37155371 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c00549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Microsphere-assisted super-resolution imaging technology offers label-free, real-time dynamic imaging via white light, which has potential applications in living systems and the nanoscale detection of semiconductor chips. Scanning can aid in overcoming the limitations of the imaging area of a single microsphere superlens. However, the current scanning imaging method based on the microsphere superlens cannot achieve super-resolution optical imaging of complex curved surfaces. Unfortunately, most natural surfaces are composed of complex curved surfaces at the microscale. In this study, we developed a method to overcome this limitation through a microsphere superlens with a feedback capability. By maintaining a constant force between the microspheres and the sample, noninvasive super-resolution optical imaging of complex abiotic and biological surfaces was achieved, and the three-dimensional information on the sample was simultaneously obtained. The proposed method significantly expands the universality of scanning microsphere superlenses for samples and promotes their widespread use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoduo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yangdong Wen
- Institute of Urban Rail Transportation, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Shendi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- Shenyang Ligong University, Shenyang 110159, China
| | - Tianyao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chaodi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang 110168, China
| | - Feifei Wang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Lianqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Haibo Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
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11
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Fernández-Galiana Á, Bibikova O, Vilms Pedersen S, Stevens MM. Fundamentals and Applications of Raman-Based Techniques for the Design and Development of Active Biomedical Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2210807. [PMID: 37001970 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202210807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Raman spectroscopy is an analytical method based on light-matter interactions that can interrogate the vibrational modes of matter and provide representative molecular fingerprints. Mediated by its label-free, non-invasive nature, and high molecular specificity, Raman-based techniques have become ubiquitous tools for in situ characterization of materials. This review comprehensively describes the theoretical and practical background of Raman spectroscopy and its advanced variants. The numerous facets of material characterization that Raman scattering can reveal, including biomolecular identification, solid-to-solid phase transitions, and spatial mapping of biomolecular species in bioactive materials, are highlighted. The review illustrates the potential of these techniques in the context of active biomedical material design and development by highlighting representative studies from the literature. These studies cover the use of Raman spectroscopy for the characterization of both natural and synthetic biomaterials, including engineered tissue constructs, biopolymer systems, ceramics, and nanoparticle formulations, among others. To increase the accessibility and adoption of these techniques, the present review also provides the reader with practical recommendations on the integration of Raman techniques into the experimental laboratory toolbox. Finally, perspectives on how recent developments in plasmon- and coherently-enhanced Raman spectroscopy can propel Raman from underutilized to critical for biomaterial development are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Fernández-Galiana
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, London, UK
| | - Olga Bibikova
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, London, UK
| | - Simon Vilms Pedersen
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, London, UK
| | - Molly M Stevens
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, London, UK
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12
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Sun N, Jia Y, Bai S, Li Q, Dai L, Li J. The power of super-resolution microscopy in modern biomedical science. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 314:102880. [PMID: 36965225 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2023.102880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Super-resolution microscopy (SRM) technology that breaks the diffraction limit has revolutionized the field of cell biology since its appearance, which enables researchers to visualize cellular structures with nanometric resolution, multiple colors and single-molecule sensitivity. With the flourishing development of hardware and the availability of novel fluorescent probes, the impact of SRM has already gone beyond cell biology and extended to nanomedicine, material science and nanotechnology, and remarkably boosted important breakthroughs in these fields. In this review, we will mainly highlight the power of SRM in modern biomedical science, discussing how these SRM techniques revolutionize the way we understand cell structures, biomaterials assembly and how assembled biomaterials interact with cellular organelles, and finally their promotion to the clinical pre-diagnosis. Moreover, we also provide an outlook on the current technical challenges and future improvement direction of SRM. We hope this review can provide useful information, inspire new ideas and propel the development both from the perspective of SRM techniques and from the perspective of SRM's applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Lab of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049
| | - Yi Jia
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Lab of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Shiwei Bai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Lab of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049
| | - Qi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Luru Dai
- Wenzhou Institute and Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Biophysics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325001, China
| | - Junbai Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Lab of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049.
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13
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Cao Y, Yang S, Wang D, Wang J, Ye YH. Surface plasmon-enhanced dark-field microsphere-assisted microscopy. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:8641-8649. [PMID: 36859975 DOI: 10.1364/oe.484226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We present for the first time a surface plasmon-enhanced dark-field microsphere-assisted microscopy in imaging both low-contrast dielectric objects and metallic ones. We demonstrate, using an Al patch array as the substrate, the resolution and contrast in imaging low-contrast dielectric objects are improved compared to that of the metal plate substrate and a glass slide in dark-field microscopy (DFM). 365-nm-diameter hexagonally arranged SiO nanodots assembled on the three substrates can be resolved, with the contrast varied from 0.23 to 0.96, and the 300-nm-diameter hexagonally close-packed polystyrene nanoparticles can only be discerned on the Al patch array substrate. The resolution can be further improved by using the dark-field microsphere-assisted microscopy, and an Al nanodot array with a nanodot diameter of ∼65 nm and a center-to-center spacing of 125 nm can be just resolved, which cannot be distinguished in a conventional DFM. The focusing effect of the microsphere, as well as the excitation of the surface plasmons, provides evanescent illumination with enhanced local electric field (E-field) on an object. The enhanced local E-field acts as a near-field excitation source to enhance the scattering of the object, resulting in the improvement of imaging resolution.
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14
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Singh D, Punia B, Chaudhury S. Theoretical Tools to Quantify Stochastic Fluctuations in Single-Molecule Catalysis by Enzymes and Nanoparticles. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:47587-47600. [PMID: 36591158 PMCID: PMC9798497 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Single-molecule microscopic techniques allow the counting of successive turnover events and the study of the time-dependent fluctuations of the catalytic activities of individual enzymes and different sites on a single heterogeneous nanocatalyst. It is important to establish theoretical methods to obtain the statistical measurements of such stochastic fluctuations that provide insight into the catalytic mechanism. In this review, we discuss a few theoretical frameworks for evaluating the first passage time distribution functions using a self-consistent pathway approach and chemical master equations, to establish a connection with experimental observables. The measurable probability distribution functions and their moments depend on the molecular details of the reaction and provide a way to quantify the molecular mechanisms of the reaction process. The statistical measurements of these fluctuations should provide insight into the enzymatic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Singh
- School
of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv6997801, Israel
| | - Bhawakshi Punia
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science
Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune411008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Srabanti Chaudhury
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science
Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune411008, Maharashtra, India
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15
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Meng F, Yang A, Du K, Jia F, Lei X, Mei T, Du L, Yuan X. Measuring the magnetic topological spin structure of light using an anapole probe. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2022; 11:287. [PMID: 36202794 PMCID: PMC9537154 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-022-00970-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Topological spin structures of light, including the Skyrmion, Meron, and bi-Meron, are intriguing optical phenomena that arise from spin-orbit coupling. They have promising potential applications in nano-metrology, data storage, super-resolved imaging and chiral detection. Aside from the electric part of optical spin, of equal importance is the magnetic part, particularly the H-type electromagnetic modes for which the spin topological properties of the field are dominated by the magnetic field. However, their observation and measurement remains absent and faces difficult challenges. Here, we design a unique type of anapole probe to measure specifically the photonic spin structures dominated by magnetic fields. The probe is composed of an Ag-core and Si-shell nanosphere, which manifests as a pure magnetic dipole with no electric response. The effectiveness of the method was validated by characterizing the magnetic field distributions of various focused vector beams. It was subsequently employed to measure the magnetic topological spin structures, including individual Skyrmions and Meron/Skyrmion lattices for the first time. The proposed method may be a powerful tool to characterize the magnetic properties of optical spin and valuable in advancing spin photonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanfei Meng
- Nanophotonics Research Centre, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, 518060, Shenzhen, China
| | - Aiping Yang
- Nanophotonics Research Centre, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, 518060, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kang Du
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Optical Information Technology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 710129, Xi'an, China
| | - Fengyang Jia
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Optical Information Technology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 710129, Xi'an, China
| | - Xinrui Lei
- Nanophotonics Research Centre, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, 518060, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ting Mei
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Optical Information Technology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 710129, Xi'an, China
| | - Luping Du
- Nanophotonics Research Centre, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, 518060, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Xiaocong Yuan
- Nanophotonics Research Centre, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, 518060, Shenzhen, China.
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16
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Liu HW, Becker MA, Matsuzaki K, Kumar R, Götzinger S, Sandoghdar V. Robust Tipless Positioning Device for Near-Field Investigations: Press and Roll Scan (PROscan). ACS NANO 2022; 16:12831-12839. [PMID: 35920717 PMCID: PMC9413428 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c05047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Scanning probe microscopes scan and manipulate a sharp tip in the immediate vicinity of a sample surface. The limited bandwidth of the feedback mechanism used for stabilizing the separation between the tip and the sample makes the fragile nanoscopic tip very susceptible to mechanical instabilities. We propose, demonstrate, and characterize an alternative device based on bulging a thin substrate against a second substrate and rolling them with respect to each other. We showcase the power of this method by placing gold nanoparticles and semiconductor quantum dots on the two opposite substrates and positioning them with nanometer precision to enhance the fluorescence intensity and emission rate. Furthermore, we exhibit the passive mechanical stability of the system over more than 1 h. Our design concept finds applications in a variety of other scientific and technological contexts, where nanoscopic features have to be positioned and kept near contact with each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsuan-Wei Liu
- Max
Planck Institute for the Science of Light, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Department
of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität
Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael A. Becker
- Max
Planck Institute for the Science of Light, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Korenobu Matsuzaki
- Max
Planck Institute for the Science of Light, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Randhir Kumar
- Max
Planck Institute for the Science of Light, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stephan Götzinger
- Max
Planck Institute for the Science of Light, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Department
of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität
Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Graduate
School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg,, D-91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Vahid Sandoghdar
- Max
Planck Institute for the Science of Light, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Department
of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität
Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
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17
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Babi M, Neuman K, Peng CY, Maiuri T, Suart CE, Truant R. Recent Microscopy Advances and the Applications to Huntington’s Disease Research. J Huntingtons Dis 2022; 11:269-280. [PMID: 35848031 PMCID: PMC9484089 DOI: 10.3233/jhd-220536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Huntingtin is a 3144 amino acid protein defined as a scaffold protein with many intracellular locations that suggest functions in these compartments. Expansion of the CAG DNA tract in the huntingtin first exon is the cause of Huntington’s disease. An important tool in understanding the biological functions of huntingtin is molecular imaging at the single-cell level by microscopy and nanoscopy. The evolution of these technologies has accelerated since the Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded in 2014 for super-resolution nanoscopy. We are in a new era of light imaging at the single-cell level, not just for protein location, but also for protein conformation and biochemical function. Large-scale microscopy-based screening is also being accelerated by a coincident development of machine-based learning that offers a framework for truly unbiased data acquisition and analysis at very large scales. This review will summarize the newest technologies in light, electron, and atomic force microscopy in the context of unique challenges with huntingtin cell biology and biochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouhanad Babi
- McMaster Centre for Advanced Light Microscopy (CALM) McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Kaitlyn Neuman
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Christina Y. Peng
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Tamara Maiuri
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Celeste E. Suart
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Ray Truant
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
- McMaster Centre for Advanced Light Microscopy (CALM) McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
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18
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Phal Y, Pfister L, Carney PS, Bhargava R. Resolution Limit in Infrared Chemical Imaging. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2022; 126:9777-9783. [PMID: 38476191 PMCID: PMC10928383 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c00740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Chemical imaging combines the spatial specificity of optical microscopy with the spectral selectivity of vibrational spectroscopy. Mid-infrared (IR) absorption imaging instruments are now able to capture high-quality spectra with microscopic spatial detail, but the limits of their ability to resolve spatial and spectral objects remain less understood. In particular, the sensitivity of measurements to chemical and spatial changes and rules for optical design have been presented, but the influence of spectral information on spatial sensitivity is as yet relatively unexplored. We report an information theory-based approach to quantify the spatial localization capability of spectral data in chemical imaging. We explicitly consider the joint effects of the signal-to-noise ratio and spectral separation that have significance in experimental settings to derive resolution limits in IR spectroscopic imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamuna Phal
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Luke Pfister
- Dynamic Imaging & Radiography Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - P Scott Carney
- Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Rohit Bhargava
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States; Departments of Bioengineering, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Mechanical Science and Engineering, and Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States; Cancer Center at Illinois, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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19
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Shi R, Shang L, Zhou C, Zhao Y, Zhang T. Interfacial wettability and mass transfer characterizations for gas-liquid-solid triple-phase catalysis. EXPLORATION (BEIJING, CHINA) 2022; 2:20210046. [PMID: 37323701 PMCID: PMC10190956 DOI: 10.1002/exp.20210046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Heterogeneous catalysis is inseparable from interfacial mass transfer and chemical reaction processes determined by the structure and microenvironment. Different from high-temperature thermochemical processes, photo- and electrocatalysis operated at mild conditions often involve both gas and liquid phases, making it important but challenging to characterize the reaction process typically occurring at the gas-liquid-solid interface. Herein, we review the scope, feasibility, and limitation of ten types of currently available technologies used to characterize interfacial wettability and mass transfer properties of various triple-phase catalytic reactions. The review summarizes techniques from macroscopic contact angle measurement to microscopic environment electron microscopy for investigating the wettability-controlled structure of triple-phase interfaces. Experimental and computational methods in revealing the interfacial mass transfer process have also been systematically discussed, followed by a perspective on the opportunities and challenges of advanced characterization methods to help understand the fundamental reaction mechanism of triple-phase catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run Shi
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic MaterialsTechnical Institute of Physics and ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Lu Shang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic MaterialsTechnical Institute of Physics and ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Chao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic MaterialsTechnical Institute of Physics and ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yunxuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic MaterialsTechnical Institute of Physics and ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Tierui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic MaterialsTechnical Institute of Physics and ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
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20
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Ma Y, Wang Y, Ma L, Zheng J, Liu M, Gao P. Reflectional quantitative phase-contrast microscopy (RQPCM) with annular epi-illumination. APPLIED OPTICS 2022; 61:3641-3647. [PMID: 36256403 DOI: 10.1364/ao.451761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative phase microscopy (QPM) is a label-free microscopic technique that exploits the phase of a wave passing through a sample; hence, it has been applied to many fields, including biomedical research and industrial inspection. However, the high spatiotemporal resolution imaging of reflective samples still challenges conventional transmission QPM. In this paper, we propose reflectional quantitative phase-contrast microscopy based on annular epi-illumination of light-emitting diodes. The unscattered wave from the sample is successively phase-retarded by 0, π/2, π, and 3π/2 through a spatial light modulator, and high-resolution phase-contrast images are obtained, revealing the finer structure or three-dimensional tomography of reflective samples. With this system, we have quantitatively obtained the contour of tissue slices and silicon semiconductor wafers. We believe that the proposed system will be very helpful for the high-resolution imaging of industrial devices and biomedical dynamics.
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21
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Shabairou N, Tiferet M, Zalevsky Z, Sinvani M. Dynamics of laser-induced tunable focusing in silicon. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6342. [PMID: 35428805 PMCID: PMC9012861 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10112-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We report here on focusing of a probe IR (λ = 1.55 μm) laser beam in silicon. The focusing is done by a second pump laser beam, at λ = 0.775 μm and 30 ps pulse width, with a donut shape that is launched collinearly and simultaneously (with some delay time) with the IR beam pulse. The pump beam pulse is absorbed in the silicon and creates, temporally, a free charge carriers (FCCs) donut pattern in the silicon. Following the plasma dispersion effect, the donut FCCs shapes a complex index of refraction pattern in the silicon that serves as a sort of dynamic GRIN lens for the probe beam due to the diffusion of the FCCs towards the donut center. This lens can be tuned to its focal point by the pump-probe delay time to reduce the point spread function (PSF) of the IR probe beam. We start seeing the focusing of the probe beam at pump-probe delay time of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\mathrm{\Delta t }\approx 100\mathrm{ ps}$$\end{document}Δt≈100ps. The best focusing (results in PSF \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\mathrm{\Delta t}\approx 350\mathrm{ ps}$$\end{document}Δt≈350ps and it slowly degrades before the FCCs full recombination at \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\mathrm{\Delta t }\sim 12\mathrm{ ns}$$\end{document}Δt∼12ns. We propose this beam shaping method to overcome the diffraction resolution limit in silicon microscopy on and deep under the silicon surface dependent on the pump wavelength and the pulse width. We also proposed this technique for direct measurement of the FCCs dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadav Shabairou
- Faculty of Engineering and the Nano-Technology Center, Bar-Ilan University, 52900, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Maor Tiferet
- Faculty of Engineering and the Nano-Technology Center, Bar-Ilan University, 52900, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Zeev Zalevsky
- Faculty of Engineering and the Nano-Technology Center, Bar-Ilan University, 52900, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Moshe Sinvani
- Faculty of Engineering and the Nano-Technology Center, Bar-Ilan University, 52900, Ramat Gan, Israel.
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22
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Manton JD. Answering some questions about structured illumination microscopy. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2022; 380:20210109. [PMID: 35152757 PMCID: PMC8841787 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2021.0109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Structured illumination microscopy (SIM) provides images of fluorescent objects at an enhanced resolution greater than that of conventional epifluorescence wide-field microscopy. Initially demonstrated in 1999 to enhance the lateral resolution twofold, it has since been extended to enhance axial resolution twofold (2008), applied to live-cell imaging (2009) and combined with myriad other techniques, including interferometric detection (2008), confocal microscopy (2010) and light sheet illumination (2012). Despite these impressive developments, SIM remains, perhaps, the most poorly understood 'super-resolution' method. In this article, we provide answers to the 13 questions regarding SIM proposed by Prakash et al. along with answers to a further three questions. After providing a general overview of the technique and its developments, we explain why SIM as normally used is still diffraction-limited. We then highlight the necessity for a non-polynomial, and not just nonlinear, response to the illuminating light in order to make SIM a true, diffraction-unlimited, super-resolution technique. In addition, we present a derivation of a real-space SIM reconstruction approach that can be used to process conventional SIM and image scanning microscopy (ISM) data and extended to process data with quasi-arbitrary illumination patterns. Finally, we provide a simple bibliometric analysis of SIM development over the past two decades and provide a short outlook on potential future work. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Super-resolution structured illumination microscopy (part 2)'.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D. Manton
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
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23
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Zheltikov AM. State-vector geometry and guided-wave physics behind optical super-resolution. OPTICS LETTERS 2022; 47:1586-1589. [PMID: 35363684 DOI: 10.1364/ol.441643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We examine the state-vector geometry and guided-wave physics underpinning spatial super-resolution, which can be attained in far-field linear microscopy via a combination of statistical analysis, quantum optics, and spatial mode demultiplexing. A suitably tailored guided-wave signal pickup is shown to provide an information channel that can distill the super-resolving spatial modes, thus enabling an estimation of sub-Rayleigh space intervals ξ. We derive closed-form analytical expressions describing the distribution of the ξ-estimation Fisher information over waveguide modes, showing that this information remains nonvanishing as ξ → 0, thus preventing the variance of ξ estimation from diverging at ξ → 0. We demonstrate that the transverse refractive index profile nQ(r) tailored to support the optimal wave function ψQ(r) for super-resolving ξ estimation encodes the same information about ξ as the entire manifold of waveguide modes needed to represent ψQ(r). Unlike ψQ(r), nQ(r) does not need a representation in a lengthy manifold of eigenmodes and can be found instead via adaptive feedback-controlled learning.
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24
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Ma Y, Dai T, Lei Y, Zheng J, Liu M, Sui B, Smith ZJ, Chu K, Kong L, Gao P. Label-free imaging of intracellular organelle dynamics using flat-fielding quantitative phase contrast microscopy (FF-QPCM). OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:9505-9520. [PMID: 35299377 DOI: 10.1364/oe.454023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Panoramic and long-term observation of nanosized organelle dynamics and interactions with high spatiotemporal resolution still hold great challenge for current imaging platforms. In this study, we propose a live-organelle imaging platform, where a flat-fielding quantitative phase contrast microscope (FF-QPCM) visualizes all the membrane-bound subcellular organelles, and an intermittent fluorescence channel assists in specific organelle identification. FF-QPCM features a high spatiotemporal resolution of 245 nm and 250 Hz and strong immunity against external disturbance. Thus, we could investigate several important dynamic processes of intracellular organelles from direct perspectives, including chromosome duplication in mitosis, mitochondrial fusion and fission, filaments, and vesicles' morphologies in apoptosis. Of note, we have captured, for the first time, a new type of mitochondrial fission (entitled mitochondrial disintegration), the generation and fusion process of vesicle-like organelles, as well as the mitochondrial vacuolization during necrosis. All these results bring us new insights into spatiotemporal dynamics and interactions among organelles, and hence aid us in understanding the real behaviors and functional implications of the organelles in cellular activities.
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25
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Chen C, Li H, Li H, Yang T. Scanning probe microscopy by localized surface plasmon resonance at fiber taper tips. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2021; 92:093702. [PMID: 34598521 DOI: 10.1063/5.0059747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic antenna probes have been widely investigated for detecting electrical permittivity changes on the nanometer scale by employing high-sensitivity localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). Although it is intuitive to integrate such a probe onto an atomic force microscope (AFM) to add one more measurable quantity to the family of scanning probe microscopy techniques, the strong scattering background of the AFM tip overwhelms the LSPR scattering signal. To solve this problem, we combined evanescent coupling, polarization and spatial filtering, confocal spectroscopy, and numerical methods to extract clean LSPR spectra from a gold nanosphere-antenna probe attached to the tip of a fiber taper. By mounting the fiber taper on a custom quartz-tuning-fork SPM, we achieved high-quality nanometer-scale imaging of gold nanospheres on glass slides by mapping the LSPR wavelength shift. In addition, we reported an LSPR wavelength shift enhancement by more complicated probe designs and the consequent promise for higher-sensitivity microscopy. Our optical system and spectral processing method provide an effective solution to the long-standing quest for LSPR scanning microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication of the Ministry of Education, Department of Instrument Science & Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication of the Ministry of Education, Department of Instrument Science & Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hongquan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication of the Ministry of Education, Department of Instrument Science & Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Tian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication of the Ministry of Education, Department of Instrument Science & Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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26
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Yang M, Chen X, Wang Z, Zhu Y, Pan S, Chen K, Wang Y, Zheng J. Zero→Two-Dimensional Metal Nanostructures: An Overview on Methods of Preparation, Characterization, Properties, and Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:1895. [PMID: 34443724 PMCID: PMC8398172 DOI: 10.3390/nano11081895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Metal nanostructured materials, with many excellent and unique physical and mechanical properties compared to macroscopic bulk materials, have been widely used in the fields of electronics, bioimaging, sensing, photonics, biomimetic biology, information, and energy storage. It is worthy of noting that most of these applications require the use of nanostructured metals with specific controlled properties, which are significantly dependent on a series of physical parameters of its characteristic size, geometry, composition, and structure. Therefore, research on low-cost preparation of metal nanostructures and controlling of their characteristic sizes and geometric shapes are the keys to their development in different application fields. The preparation methods, physical and chemical properties, and application progress of metallic nanostructures are reviewed, and the methods for characterizing metal nanostructures are summarized. Finally, the future development of metallic nanostructure materials is explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yang
- School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; (M.Y.); (Y.Z.); (K.C.); (Y.W.); (J.Z.)
| | - Xiaohua Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China;
| | - Zidong Wang
- School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; (M.Y.); (Y.Z.); (K.C.); (Y.W.); (J.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China;
| | - Yuzhi Zhu
- School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; (M.Y.); (Y.Z.); (K.C.); (Y.W.); (J.Z.)
| | - Shiwei Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China;
| | - Kaixuan Chen
- School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; (M.Y.); (Y.Z.); (K.C.); (Y.W.); (J.Z.)
| | - Yanlin Wang
- School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; (M.Y.); (Y.Z.); (K.C.); (Y.W.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jiaqi Zheng
- School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; (M.Y.); (Y.Z.); (K.C.); (Y.W.); (J.Z.)
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27
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Tomas NM, Mortensen SA, Wilmanns M, Huber TB. Across scales: novel insights into kidney health and disease by structural biology. Kidney Int 2021; 100:281-288. [PMID: 33940110 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2021.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decades, structural biology methods such as X-ray crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy have been increasingly used to study protein functions, molecular interactions, physiological processes, and disease mechanisms. This review outlines a selection of structural biology methods, highlights recent examples of how structural analyses have contributed to a more profound understanding of the machinery of life, and gives a perspective on how these methods can be applied to investigate functions of kidney molecules and pathogenic mechanisms of renal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola M Tomas
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Simon A Mortensen
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg Unit, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Wilmanns
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg Unit, Hamburg, Germany; University Hamburg Clinical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias B Huber
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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28
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Li Z, Wang C, Wang Y, Lu X, Guo Y, Li X, Ma X, Pu M, Luo X. Super-oscillatory metasurface doublet for sub-diffraction focusing with a large incident angle. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:9991-9999. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1364/oe.417884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Based on the delicate interference behavior of light in the far field, the optical super-oscillatory phenomenon has been successfully applied in non-invasive sub-diffraction focusing and super-resolution imaging in recent years. However, the optical super-oscillatory field is particularly sensitive to the change of incident angle, leading to a limited field of view for super-resolution imaging. In this paper, a super-oscillatory metasurface doublet is proposed to achieve far-field sub-diffraction focusing with an incident angle of up to 25°. The constructed doublet, consisting of high-aspect-ratio rectangular nanopillars with high efficiency, is further demonstrated through a full-wave simulation, and the numerical results indicate that the sub-diffraction foci with about 0.75 times of the diffraction limit is achieved for different incident angles. The proposed super-oscillatory metasurface doublet may find intriguing applications in label-free super-resolution microscopy and optical precise fabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Li
- Institute of Optics and Electronics
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Changtao Wang
- Institute of Optics and Electronics
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Yanqin Wang
- Institute of Optics and Electronics
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Xinjian Lu
- Institute of Optics and Electronics
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Yinghui Guo
- Institute of Optics and Electronics
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Xiong Li
- Institute of Optics and Electronics
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Xiaoliang Ma
- Institute of Optics and Electronics
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Mingbo Pu
- Institute of Optics and Electronics
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Xiangang Luo
- Institute of Optics and Electronics
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
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29
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Lochocki B, Abrashitova K, de Boer JF, Amitonova LV. Ultimate resolution limits of speckle-based compressive imaging. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:3943-3955. [PMID: 33770983 DOI: 10.1364/oe.413831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Compressive imaging using sparsity constraints is a very promising field of microscopy that provides a dramatic enhancement of the spatial resolution beyond the Abbe diffraction limit. Moreover, it simultaneously overcomes the Nyquist limit by reconstructing an N-pixel image from less than N single-point measurements. Here we present fundamental resolution limits of noiseless compressive imaging via sparsity constraints, speckle illumination and single-pixel detection. We addressed the experimental setup that uses randomly generated speckle patterns (in a scattering media or a multimode fiber). The optimal number of measurements, the ultimate spatial resolution limit and the surprisingly important role of discretization are demonstrated by the theoretical analysis and numerical simulations. We show that, in contrast to conventional microscopy, oversampling may decrease the resolution and reconstruction quality of compressive imaging.
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30
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Galeb HA, Wilkinson EL, Stowell AF, Lin H, Murphy ST, Martin‐Hirsch PL, Mort RL, Taylor AM, Hardy JG. Melanins as Sustainable Resources for Advanced Biotechnological Applications. GLOBAL CHALLENGES (HOBOKEN, NJ) 2021; 5:2000102. [PMID: 33552556 PMCID: PMC7857133 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202000102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Melanins are a class of biopolymers that are widespread in nature and have diverse origins, chemical compositions, and functions. Their chemical, electrical, optical, and paramagnetic properties offer opportunities for applications in materials science, particularly for medical and technical uses. This review focuses on the application of analytical techniques to study melanins in multidisciplinary contexts with a view to their use as sustainable resources for advanced biotechnological applications, and how these may facilitate the achievement of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanaa A. Galeb
- Department of ChemistryLancaster UniversityLancasterLA1 4YBUK
- Department of ChemistryScience and Arts CollegeRabigh CampusKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah21577Saudi Arabia
| | - Emma L. Wilkinson
- Department of Biomedical and Life SciencesLancaster UniversityLancasterLA1 4YGUK
| | - Alison F. Stowell
- Department of Organisation, Work and TechnologyLancaster University Management SchoolLancaster UniversityLancasterLA1 4YXUK
| | - Hungyen Lin
- Department of EngineeringLancaster UniversityLancasterLA1 4YWUK
| | - Samuel T. Murphy
- Department of EngineeringLancaster UniversityLancasterLA1 4YWUK
- Materials Science InstituteLancaster UniversityLancasterLA1 4YBUK
| | - Pierre L. Martin‐Hirsch
- Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustRoyal Preston HospitalSharoe Green LanePrestonPR2 9HTUK
| | - Richard L. Mort
- Department of Biomedical and Life SciencesLancaster UniversityLancasterLA1 4YGUK
| | - Adam M. Taylor
- Lancaster Medical SchoolLancaster UniversityLancasterLA1 4YWUK
| | - John G. Hardy
- Department of ChemistryLancaster UniversityLancasterLA1 4YBUK
- Materials Science InstituteLancaster UniversityLancasterLA1 4YBUK
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31
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Mikulics M, Sofer Z, Winden A, Trellenkamp S, Förster B, Mayer J, Hardtdegen HH. Nano-LED induced chemical reactions for structuring processes. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2020; 2:5421-5427. [PMID: 36132052 PMCID: PMC9418560 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00851f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We present a structuring technique based on the initialization of chemical reactions by an array of nano-LEDs which is used in the near-field as well as in the far-field regime. In the near-field regime, we demonstrate first results with the nano-LED array for lithography using the photoresist DiazoNaphthoQuinone-(DNQ)-sulfonate for the fabrication of holes in the resist down to ∼75 nanometres in diameter. In contrast, the nano-LEDs can also be employed in the far-field regime to expose thin films of the monomer bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate (Bis-GMA) and to initialize polymerization locally. Photosensitive films were patterned and spherical cone-shaped three dimensional objects with diameters ranging from ∼480 nm up to 20 micrometres were obtained. The modification in the material as a result of the photochemical reaction induced i.e. by polymerization was confirmed by Raman spectroscopy. This structuring maskless technique has the potential to induce substantial changes in photosensitive molecules and to produce the desired structures from the tens of microns down to the nanometre scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Mikulics
- Ernst Ruska Zentrum (ER-C-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH D-52425 Jülich Germany
- Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance, JARA, Fundamentals of Future Information Technology 52425 Jülich Germany
| | - Zdenĕk Sofer
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology Technická 5 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | | | - Stefan Trellenkamp
- Helmholtz Nanoelectronic Facility (HNF), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH D-52425 Jülich Germany
| | - Beate Förster
- Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance, JARA, Fundamentals of Future Information Technology 52425 Jülich Germany
- Ernst Ruska Zentrum (ER-C-1), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH D-52425 Jülich Germany
| | - Joachim Mayer
- Ernst Ruska Zentrum (ER-C-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH D-52425 Jülich Germany
- Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance, JARA, Fundamentals of Future Information Technology 52425 Jülich Germany
| | - Hilde Helen Hardtdegen
- Ernst Ruska Zentrum (ER-C-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH D-52425 Jülich Germany
- Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance, JARA, Fundamentals of Future Information Technology 52425 Jülich Germany
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32
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Chen L, Liu J, Zhang X, Tang D. Achromatic super-oscillatory metasurface through optimized multiwavelength functions for sub-diffraction focusing. OPTICS LETTERS 2020; 45:5772-5775. [PMID: 33057281 DOI: 10.1364/ol.404764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Optical super-oscillatory lenses based on planar micro/nano structures have been demonstrated as promising alternatives for shaping wavefronts of light and realizing super-resolution images in a NA-limited optical system. However, as the super-oscillatory foci originated from the delicate interference of the light, the change of the parameters might destroy the hotspots, such as the incident wavelength. Here, a multiwavelength achromatic super-oscillatory metasurface (ASOM) is proposed through simultaneously controlling distinct wavelength-dependent wavefronts. The constructed multiwavelength ASOM is then verified numerically, and the foci are precisely formed at the same axial plane for the design wavelengths with resolution beyond the diffraction limit. We expect that our proposed multiwavelength controllable method will give more freedom for the designs of planar and lightweight components, which would be useful in optical applications, such as data storage, super-resolution imaging, holography, etc.
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33
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Prasad RK, Singh DK. Low cost electrical probe station using etched tungsten nanoprobes: role of cathode geometry. NANO EXPRESS 2020. [DOI: 10.1088/2632-959x/abb6c4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Electrical measurement of nano-scale devices and structures requires skills and hardware to make nano-contacts. Such measurements have been difficult for number of laboratories due to cost of probe station and nano-probes. In the present work, we have demonstrated possibility of assembling low cost probe station using USB microscope (US $ 30) coupled with in-house developed probe station. We have explored the effect of shape of etching electrodes on the geometry of the microprobes developed. The variation in the geometry of copper wire electrode is observed to affect the probe length
(
0.58
mm
to
2.15
mm
)
and its half cone angle (1.4° to 8.8˚). These developed probes were used to make contact on micro patterned metal films and was used for electrical measurement along with semiconductor parameter analyzer. These probes show low contact resistance (∼4 Ω) and follows ohmic behavior. Such probes can be used for laboratories involved in teaching and multidisciplinary research activities and Atomic Force Microscopy.
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34
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Rahimian MG, Jain A, Larocque H, Corkum PB, Karimi E, Bhardwaj VR. Spatially controlled nano-structuring of silicon with femtosecond vortex pulses. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12643. [PMID: 32724048 PMCID: PMC7387531 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69390-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Engineering material properties is key for development of smart materials and next generation nanodevices. This requires nanoscale spatial precision and control to fabricate structures/defects. Lithographic techniques are widely used for nanostructuring in which a geometric pattern on a mask is transferred to a resist by photons or charged particles and subsequently engraved on the substrate. However, direct mask-less fabrication has only been possible with electron and ion beams. That is because light has an inherent disadvantage; the diffraction limit makes it difficult to interact with matter on dimensions smaller than the wavelength of light. Here we demonstrate spatially controlled formation of nanocones on a silicon surface with a positional precision of 50 nm using femtosecond laser ablation comprising a superposition of optical vector vortex and Gaussian beams. Such control and precision opens new opportunities for nano-printing of materials using techniques such as laser-induced forward transfer and in general broadens the scope of laser processing of materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Rahimian
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, K1N 6N5, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - A Jain
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, K1N 6N5, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - H Larocque
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, K1N 6N5, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - P B Corkum
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, K1N 6N5, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - E Karimi
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, K1N 6N5, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - V R Bhardwaj
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, K1N 6N5, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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35
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Bhattarai A, O'Callahan BT, Wang CF, Wang S, El-Khoury PZ. Spatio-Spectral Characterization of Multipolar Plasmonic Modes of Au Nanorods via Tip-Enhanced Raman Scattering. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:2870-2874. [PMID: 32208725 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c00485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Tip-enhanced Raman (TER) spectral images of 4-thiobenzonitrile-coated Au nanorods map the spatial profiles and trace the resonances of dipolar and multipolar plasmonic modes that are characteristic of the imaged particles. For any particular rod, we observe sequential transitions between high-order modes at low frequency shifts and lower-order modes at higher frequencies. We also notice that higher-order modes (up to m = 4) are generally observed for long rods as compared to their shorter analogues, where longitudinal dipolar resonances (m = 1) are observable. In effect, this work adds a new dimension to local optical field mapping via TERS, which we have previously explored. Not only can the magnitudes, vector components, local/nonlocal characters of local optical fields be imaged through molecular TERS, but spatially varying local optical resonances are also direct observables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Bhattarai
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Brian T O'Callahan
- Earth and Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Chih-Feng Wang
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - ShanYi Wang
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Patrick Z El-Khoury
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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36
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Abstract
Expensive and time-consuming approaches of immunoelectron microscopy of biopsy tissues continues to serve as the gold-standard for diagnostic pathology. The recent development of the new approach of expansion microscopy (ExM) capable of fourfold lateral expansion of biological specimens for their morphological examination at approximately 70 nm lateral resolution using ordinary diffraction limited optical microscopy, is a major advancement in cellular imaging. Here we report (1) an optimized fixation protocol for retention of cellular morphology while obtaining optimal expansion, (2) an ExM procedure for up to eightfold lateral and over 500-fold volumetric expansion, (3) demonstrate that ExM is anisotropic or differential between tissues, cellular organelles and domains within organelles themselves, and (4) apply image analysis and machine learning (ML) approaches to precisely assess differentially expanded cellular structures. We refer to this enhanced ExM approach combined with ML as differential expansion microscopy (DiExM), applicable to profiling biological specimens at the nanometer scale. DiExM holds great promise for the precise, rapid and inexpensive diagnosis of disease from pathological specimen slides.
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37
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Yin F, Chen C, Chen W, Qiao W, Guan J. Superresolution quantitative imaging based on superoscillatory field. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:7707-7720. [PMID: 32225992 DOI: 10.1364/oe.384866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The superresolution imaging of high-contrast objects is of great interest to many researchers. We propose a new method to achieve superresolution in inverse-scattering imaging of high-contrast dielectric objects. In the scheme of nonlinear inverse scattering, spatial superoscillatory incident fields are designed and applied in this research in order to retain the high-spatial-frequency components of the objects. The reconstruction results show that the proposed method resolves two objects with spacing 0.13λ. Compared with the orbital angular momentum (OAM)-carrying fields that compose a typical superoscillatory wave, the designed waveform is capable of achieving superresolution over the entire region of interest (ROI), while OAM possesses a limited superresolution area near the center of the ROI, which verifies the effectiveness of the proposed method.
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38
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Emile O, Emile J. Experimental analysis of submicrometer optical intensity distributions after an opaque disk. APPLIED OPTICS 2020; 59:1678-1683. [PMID: 32225673 DOI: 10.1364/ao.387699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Generation of subwavelength beam sizes is a fascinating challenge with several implications. The observation of a 120 nm laser spot in the visible part of the spectrum is reported here. It has a size variation of less than 10% in a distance of $ 50\;\unicode{x00B5}{\rm m} $50µm along the axis of propagation. This so-called Arago spot results from the diffraction of the light from a laser diode by the edges of an absorbing disk. Applications are discussed and hollow beams carrying orbital angular momentum with a 400 nm diameter dark spot in the center are evidenced. This paves the way toward atom lithography via atom guiding or new spectroscopy on forbidden transitions.
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39
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Ray A, Khalid MA, Demčenko A, Daloglu M, Tseng D, Reboud J, Cooper JM, Ozcan A. Holographic detection of nanoparticles using acoustically actuated nanolenses. Nat Commun 2020; 11:171. [PMID: 31949134 PMCID: PMC6965092 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13802-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The optical detection of nanoparticles, including viruses and bacteria, underpins many of the biological, physical and engineering sciences. However, due to their low inherent scattering, detection of these particles remains challenging, requiring complex instrumentation involving extensive sample preparation methods, especially when sensing is performed in liquid media. Here we present an easy-to-use, high-throughput, label-free and cost-effective method for detecting nanoparticles in low volumes of liquids (25 nL) on a disposable chip, using an acoustically actuated lens-free holographic system. By creating an ultrasonic standing wave in the liquid sample, placed on a low-cost glass chip, we cause deformations in a thin liquid layer (850 nm) containing the target nanoparticles (≥140 nm), resulting in the creation of localized lens-like liquid menisci. We also show that the same acoustic waves, used to create the nanolenses, can mitigate against non-specific, adventitious nanoparticle binding, without the need for complex surface chemistries acting as blocking agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniruddha Ray
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Bioengineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- California Nano Systems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43606, USA
| | - Muhammad Arslan Khalid
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8LT, UK
| | - Andriejus Demčenko
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8LT, UK
| | - Mustafa Daloglu
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Bioengineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- California Nano Systems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Derek Tseng
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Bioengineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- California Nano Systems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Julien Reboud
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8LT, UK
| | - Jonathan M Cooper
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8LT, UK.
| | - Aydogan Ozcan
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Bioengineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- California Nano Systems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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40
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Siddiquee AM, Hasan IY, Wei S, Langley D, Balaur E, Liu C, Lin J, Abbey B, Mechler A, Kou S. Visualization and measurement of the local absorption coefficients of single bilayer phospholipid membranes using scanning near-field optical microscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 10:6569-6579. [PMID: 31853417 PMCID: PMC6913387 DOI: 10.1364/boe.10.006569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Here we report the results of shear-mode thicknesses and absorption coefficient measurements made on neat membranes using scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM). Biomimic neat membranes composed of two different types of phoshpholipid molecules: 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) and 1,2- dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) were found to exhibit different absorption coefficients under the SNOM. The localization of the lipids could be identified and correlated to the morphology of the membrane domains indicating that SNOM can be an effective and accurate approach for the label-free characterization of the structure-function relationships in cell membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif M Siddiquee
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science (LIMS), La Trobe University, Victoria 3086, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, Australia
| | - Imad Younus Hasan
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science (LIMS), La Trobe University, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Shibiao Wei
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science (LIMS), La Trobe University, Victoria 3086, Australia
- Centre for Translational Atomaterials, Faculty of Engineering, Science and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, John Street, Hawthorn VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Daniel Langley
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science (LIMS), La Trobe University, Victoria 3086, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, Australia
| | - Eugeniu Balaur
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science (LIMS), La Trobe University, Victoria 3086, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, Australia
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science (LIMS), La Trobe University, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Jiao Lin
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
| | - Brian Abbey
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science (LIMS), La Trobe University, Victoria 3086, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, Australia
| | - Adam Mechler
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science (LIMS), La Trobe University, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Shanshan Kou
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science (LIMS), La Trobe University, Victoria 3086, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, Australia
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41
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Owen MC, Gnutt D, Gao M, Wärmländer SKTS, Jarvet J, Gräslund A, Winter R, Ebbinghaus S, Strodel B. Effects of in vivo conditions on amyloid aggregation. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:3946-3996. [PMID: 31192324 DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00034d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
One of the grand challenges of biophysical chemistry is to understand the principles that govern protein misfolding and aggregation, which is a highly complex process that is sensitive to initial conditions, operates on a huge range of length- and timescales, and has products that range from protein dimers to macroscopic amyloid fibrils. Aberrant aggregation is associated with more than 25 diseases, which include Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's, and type II diabetes. Amyloid aggregation has been extensively studied in the test tube, therefore under conditions that are far from physiological relevance. Hence, there is dire need to extend these investigations to in vivo conditions where amyloid formation is affected by a myriad of biochemical interactions. As a hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases, these interactions need to be understood in detail to develop novel therapeutic interventions, as millions of people globally suffer from neurodegenerative disorders and type II diabetes. The aim of this review is to document the progress in the research on amyloid formation from a physicochemical perspective with a special focus on the physiological factors influencing the aggregation of the amyloid-β peptide, the islet amyloid polypeptide, α-synuclein, and the hungingtin protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Owen
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - David Gnutt
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, TU Braunschweig, Rebenring 56, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany and Lead Discovery Wuppertal, Bayer AG, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Mimi Gao
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn Str. 4a, 44227 Dortmund, Germany and Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, R&D, Industriepark Höchst, 65926 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sebastian K T S Wärmländer
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16C, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jüri Jarvet
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16C, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Astrid Gräslund
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16C, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Roland Winter
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn Str. 4a, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Simon Ebbinghaus
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, TU Braunschweig, Rebenring 56, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Birgit Strodel
- Institute of Complex Systems: Structural Biochemistry, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 42525 Jülich, Germany. and Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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42
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Strategies to maximize performance in STimulated Emission Depletion (STED) nanoscopy of biological specimens. Methods 2019; 174:27-41. [PMID: 31344404 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2019.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Super-resolution fluorescence microscopy has become an important catalyst for discovery in the life sciences. In STimulated Emission Depletion (STED) microscopy, a pattern of light drives fluorophores from a signal-emitting on-state to a non-signalling off-state. Only emitters residing in a sub-diffraction volume around an intensity minimum are allowed to fluoresce, rendering them distinguishable from the nearby, but dark fluorophores. STED routinely achieves resolution in the few tens of nanometers range in biological samples and is suitable for live imaging. Here, we review the working principle of STED and provide general guidelines for successful STED imaging. The strive for ever higher resolution comes at the cost of increased light burden. We discuss techniques to reduce light exposure and mitigate its detrimental effects on the specimen. These include specialized illumination strategies as well as protecting fluorophores from photobleaching mediated by high-intensity STED light. This opens up the prospect of volumetric imaging in living cells and tissues with diffraction-unlimited resolution in all three spatial dimensions.
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Rosati R, Lengers F, Reiter DE, Kuhn T. Effective detection of spatio-temporal carrier dynamics by carrier capture. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2019; 31:28LT01. [PMID: 30965286 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab17a8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The spatio-temporal dynamics of electrons moving in a 2D plane is challenging to detect when the required resolution shrinks simultaneously to nanometer length and subpicosecond time scale. We propose a detection scheme relying on phonon-induced carrier capture from 2D unbound states into the bound states of an embedded quantum dot. This capture process happens locally and here we explore if this locality is sufficient to use the carrier capture process as detection of the ultrafast diffraction of electrons from an obstacle in the 2D plane. As an example we consider an electronic wave packet traveling in a semiconducting monolayer of the transition metal dichalcogenide MoSe2, and we study the scattering-induced dynamics using a single particle Lindblad approach. Our results offer a new way to high resolution detection of the spatio-temporal carrier dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Rosati
- Institut für Festkörpertheorie, Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 10, 48149 Münster, Germany. Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Nagarajan A, Stoevelaar LP, Silvestri F, Siemons M, Achanta VG, Bäumer SMB, Gerini G. Reflection confocal nanoscopy using a super-oscillatory lens. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:20012-20027. [PMID: 31503753 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.020012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A superoscillatory lens (SOL) is known to produce a sub-diffraction hotspot that is useful for high-resolution imaging. SOLs have not yet been directly used in a confocal reflection setup, as the SOL suffers from poor imaging properties. Additionally, the illuminating intensity distribution of the SOL still has high-intensity rings called sidelobes coexisting with the central hotspot. By means of a reflection setup, which does not have the SOL in the detection chain, thereby mitigating the poor imaging properties, we assessed the resolution capabilities of a SOL. This was done for different objects, whose dimensions were both above and below the SOL field-of-view (FOV). We found that the sidelobe illumination degrades the imaging properties in the case of extended objects, limiting the applicability of a SOL system.
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Tang D, Chen L, Liu J. Visible achromatic super-oscillatory metasurfaces for sub-diffraction focusing. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:12308-12316. [PMID: 31052773 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.012308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Conventional optical lenses enable precise foci but suffer from the diffraction limit due to the cutoff of spatial frequencies. Development of a super-oscillatory phenomenon offers an alternative approach to realize far-field sub-diffraction focusing. However, most super-oscillatory lenses exhibit a strong dependence on incident wavelengths, resulting in a narrow-band working frequency due to a fragile super-oscillatory field. Here, for the first time, achromatic super-oscillatory metasurfaces (ASOMs) are proposed to simultaneously steer optical fields at visible wavelengths of 473 nm, 532 nm and 632.8 nm and to achieve focusing at the same axial position with a resolution beyond the diffraction limit. These metasurface-based devices provide dispersionless phase profiles so that the material dispersion can be neglected in the optimization process. In addition, the design strategy can effectively circumvent the axial chromatic aberration observed in previously demonstrated metasurfaces. Constructed ASOMs are further verified numerically and simulated results for one ASOM with spot sizes of 0.706, 0.722 and 0.750 times the diffraction limit at the preset plane are consistent with the designs. Furthermore, benefiting from flexible and arbitrary phase modulations of the metasurface, the proposed method gives more freedom for a design of a super-oscillatory field and enables a lightweight, low-cost and compact optical element to replace the bulky doublet/triplet lens in a conventional optical system.
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Huszka G, Gijs MA. Super-resolution optical imaging: A comparison. MICRO AND NANO ENGINEERING 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mne.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Li W, Yu Y, Yuan W. Flexible focusing pattern realization of centimeter-scale planar super-oscillatory lenses in parallel fabrication. NANOSCALE 2018; 11:311-320. [PMID: 30534750 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr07985d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Planar super-oscillatory lenses (SOLs) can exert far-field foci beyond the diffraction limit free from the contribution of evanescent waves. However, the reported design methods of SOLs are always complicated and divergent, leading to a poor control over the desired focusing patterns. Furthermore, the existing device sizes of SOLs are mainly within hundreds of micrometers accompanied by a subwavelength-scale feature size. Here, we propose a general optimization design model for realizing flexible focusing patterns, e.g. multifocal and achromatic contours. Additionally, a novel design called the chromatic-customized SOL fighting against the dispersion rule of traditional diffractive optical elements (DOEs) is also demonstrated based on the proposed flexible algorithm. The diameters for all the SOLs reach 12 mm with 30 μm minimum feature size, which can be easily fabricated by employing the conventional optical lithography technique. Such centimeter-scale, light weight and low-cost lenses reveal new capacities of arbitrarily customized optical patterns in various interdisciplinary fields including parallel particle trapping, full-color high-resolution imaging, and compact spectral imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Li
- Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Systems for Aerospace (Ministry of Education), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
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Zhang K, Taniguchi SI, Tachizaki T. Generation of broadband near-field optical spots using a thin-film silicon waveguide with gradually changing thickness. OPTICS LETTERS 2018; 43:5937-5940. [PMID: 30547974 DOI: 10.1364/ol.43.005937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We developed a thin-film silicon waveguide with gradually changing thickness for generating a near-field optical spot. Theoretical studies show that the surface plasmons that are resonantly excited on the waveguide generate a hot spot with a wide spectral range. We experimentally confirmed generation of the near-field hot spot using continuous waves at 850 and 660 nm wavelengths. This waveguide, which can generate the enhanced electric field by normal incident of the excitation beam under situations of the practical use, is promising for broadband near-field optical technologies.
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Lee C, Jeong BG, Yun SJ, Lee YH, Lee SM, Jeong MS. Unveiling Defect-Related Raman Mode of Monolayer WS 2 via Tip-Enhanced Resonance Raman Scattering. ACS NANO 2018; 12:9982-9990. [PMID: 30142265 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b04265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Monolayer tungsten disulfide (WS2) has emerged as an active material for optoelectronic devices due to its quantum yield of photoluminescence. Despite the enormous research about physical characteristics of monolayer WS2, the defect-related Raman scattering has been rarely studied. Here, we report the correlation of topography and Raman scattering in monolayer WS2 by using tip-enhanced resonance Raman spectroscopy and reveal defect-related Raman modes denoted as D and D' modes. We found that the sulfur vacancies introduce not only the red-shifted A1g mode but also the D and D' modes by the density functional theory calculations. The observed defect-related Raman modes can be utilized to evaluate the quality of monolayer WS2 and will be helpful to improve the performance of WS2 optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanwoo Lee
- Department of Energy Science , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 16419 , Republic of Korea
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics (CINAP) , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Suwon 16419 , Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong Geun Jeong
- Department of Energy Science , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 16419 , Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Joon Yun
- Department of Energy Science , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 16419 , Republic of Korea
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics (CINAP) , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Suwon 16419 , Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hee Lee
- Department of Energy Science , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 16419 , Republic of Korea
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics (CINAP) , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Suwon 16419 , Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 16419 , Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Mi Lee
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS) , Daejeon 34113 , Republic of Korea
| | - Mun Seok Jeong
- Department of Energy Science , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 16419 , Republic of Korea
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics (CINAP) , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Suwon 16419 , Republic of Korea
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Pinhas H, Wagner O, Danan Y, Danino M, Zalevsky Z, Sinvani M. Plasma dispersion effect based super-resolved imaging in silicon. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:25370-25380. [PMID: 30469640 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.025370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We present here a new method for shaping a pulsed IR (λ = 1550nm) laser beam in silicon. The shaping is based on the plasma dispersion effect (PDE). The shaping is done by a second pulsed pump laser beam at 532nm (in either a Gaussian mode or a donut mode) which simultaneously and collinearly illuminates the silicon's surface with the IR beam. Following the PDE, and in proportion to its spatial intensity distribution, the 532nm laser beam shapes the point spread function (PSF) by controlling the lateral transmission of the IR probe beam. The use of this probe in a laser scanning microscope allows imaging and a wide range of contactless electrical measurements in silicon integrated circuits (IC) being under operation. We propose this shaping method to overcome the diffraction resolution limit in silicon microscopy on and deep under the silicon surface.
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