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Zhao X, Wan B, Guan D, Li S, Chwat-Edelstein T. The Mms22-Rtt107 axis dampens the DNA damage checkpoint by reducing the stability of the Rad9 checkpoint mediator. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4417144. [PMID: 38826278 PMCID: PMC11142307 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4417144/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
The DNA damage checkpoint is a highly conserved signaling pathway induced by genotoxin exposure or endogenous genome stress. It alters many cellular processes such as arresting the cell cycle progression and increasing DNA repair capacities. However, cells can downregulate the checkpoint after prolonged stress exposure to allow continued growth and alternative repair. Strategies that can dampen the DNA damage checkpoint are not well understood. Here, we report that budding yeast employs a pathway composed of the scaffold protein Rtt107, its binding partner Mms22, and an Mms22-associated ubiquitin ligase complex to downregulate the DNA damage checkpoint. Mechanistically, this pathway promotes the proteasomal degradation of a key checkpoint factor, Rad9. Furthermore, Rtt107 binding to Mms22 helps to enrich the ubiquitin ligase complex on chromatin and target the chromatin-bound form of Rad9. Finally, we provide evidence that the Rtt107-Mms22 axis operates in parallel with the Rtt107-Slx4 axis, which displaces Rad9 from chromatin. We thus propose that Rtt107 enables a bifurcated "anti-Rad9" strategy to optimally downregulate the DNA damage checkpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Shibai Li
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
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2
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Shen CL, Santos JM, Elmassry MM, Bhakta V, Driver Z, Ji G, Yakhnitsa V, Kiritoshi T, Lovett J, Hamood AN, Sang S, Neugebauer V. Ginger Polyphenols Reverse Molecular Signature of Amygdala Neuroimmune Signaling and Modulate Microbiome in Male Rats with Neuropathic Pain: Evidence for Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:502. [PMID: 38790607 PMCID: PMC11118883 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13050502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence shows that the gut microbiota plays an important role in neuropathic pain (NP) via the gut-brain axis. Male rats were divided into sham, spinal nerve ligation (SNL), SNL + 200 mg GEG/kg BW (GEG200), and SNL + 600 mg GEG/kg BW (GEG600) for 5 weeks. The dosages of 200 and 600 mg GEG/kg BW for rats correspond to 45 g and 135 g raw ginger for human daily consumption, respectively. Both GEG groups mitigated SNL-induced NP behavior. GEG-supplemented animals had a decreased abundance of Rikenella, Muribaculaceae, Clostridia UCG-014, Mucispirillum schaedleri, RF39, Acetatifactor, and Clostridia UCG-009, while they had an increased abundance of Flavonifactor, Hungatella, Anaerofustis stercorihominis, and Clostridium innocuum group. Relative to sham rats, Fos and Gadd45g genes were upregulated, while Igf1, Ccl2, Hadc2, Rtn4rl1, Nfkb2, Gpr84, Pik3cg, and Abcc8 genes were downregulated in SNL rats. Compared to the SNL group, the GEG200 group and GEG600 group had increases/decreases in 16 (10/6) genes and 11 (1/10) genes, respectively. GEG downregulated Fos and Gadd45g genes and upregulated Hdac2 genes in the amygdala. In summary, GEG alleviates NP by modulating the gut microbiome and reversing a molecular neuroimmune signature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chwan-Li Shen
- Department of Pathology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; (J.M.S.)
- Center of Excellence for Integrative Health, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA;
- Center of Excellence for Translational Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Julianna Maria Santos
- Department of Pathology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; (J.M.S.)
| | - Moamen M. Elmassry
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Viren Bhakta
- Department of Biology, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79401, USA
| | - Zarek Driver
- Department of Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79401, USA
| | - Guangchen Ji
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; (G.J.); (V.Y.); (T.K.)
| | - Vadim Yakhnitsa
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; (G.J.); (V.Y.); (T.K.)
| | - Takaki Kiritoshi
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; (G.J.); (V.Y.); (T.K.)
| | - Jacob Lovett
- Department of Pathology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; (J.M.S.)
| | - Abdul Naji Hamood
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA;
| | - Shengmin Sang
- Laboratory for Functional Foods and Human Health, Center for Excellence in Post Harvest Technologies, North Carolina A&T State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA;
| | - Volker Neugebauer
- Center of Excellence for Integrative Health, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA;
- Center of Excellence for Translational Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; (G.J.); (V.Y.); (T.K.)
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Karisola P, Nikkola V, Joronen H, Ylianttila L, Grönroos M, Partonen T, Snellman E, Alenius H. Narrow-band UVB radiation triggers diverse changes in the gene expression and induces the accumulation of M1 macrophages in human skin. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2024; 253:112887. [PMID: 38460430 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.112887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The underlying molecular mechanisms that determine the biological effects of UVB radiation exposure on human skin are still only partially comprehended. OBJECTIVES Our goal is to examine the human skin transcriptome and related molecular mechanisms following a single exposure to UVB in the morning versus evening. METHODS We exposed 20 volunteer females to four-fold standard erythema doses (SED4) of narrow-band UVB (309-313 nm) in the morning or evening and studied skin transcriptome 24 h after the exposure. We performed enrichment analyses of gene pathways, predicted changes in skin cell composition using cellular deconvolution, and correlated cell proportions with gene expression. RESULTS In the skin transcriptome, UVB exposure yielded 1384 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the morning and 1295 DEGs in the evening, of which the most statistically significant DEGs enhanced proteasome and spliceosome pathways. Unexposed control samples showed difference by 321 DEGs in the morning vs evening, which was related to differences in genes associated with the circadian rhythm. After the UVB exposure, the fraction of proinflammatory M1 macrophages was significantly increased at both timepoints, and this increase was positively correlated with pathways on Myc targets and mTORC1 signaling. In the evening, the skin clinical erythema was more severe and had stronger positive correlation with the number of M1 macrophages than in the morning after UVB exposure. The fractions of myeloid and plasmacytoid dendritic cells and CD8 T cells were significantly decreased in the morning but not in the evening. CONCLUSIONS NB-UVB-exposure causes changes in skin transcriptome, inhibiting cell division, and promoting proteasome activity and repair responses, both in the morning and in the evening. Inflammatory M1 macrophages may drive the UV-induced skin responses by exacerbating inflammation and erythema. These findings highlight how the same UVB exposure influences skin responses differently in morning versus evening and presents a possible explanation to the differences in gene expression in the skin after UVB irradiation at these two timepoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piia Karisola
- Faculty of Medicine, Human Microbiome Research Program, University of Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Veera Nikkola
- Tampere University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Tampere, Finland
| | - Heli Joronen
- Tampere University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Tampere, Finland; Päijät-Häme Social and Health Care Group, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Lahti, Finland.
| | - Lasse Ylianttila
- Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority (STUK), Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Mari Grönroos
- Päijät-Häme Social and Health Care Group, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Lahti, Finland.
| | - Timo Partonen
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finland.
| | - Erna Snellman
- Tampere University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Harri Alenius
- Faculty of Medicine, Human Microbiome Research Program, University of Helsinki, Finland; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Rawat SS, Laxmi A. Sugar signals pedal the cell cycle! FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1354561. [PMID: 38562561 PMCID: PMC10982403 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1354561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Cell cycle involves the sequential and reiterative progression of important events leading to cell division. Progression through a specific phase of the cell cycle is under the control of various factors. Since the cell cycle in multicellular eukaryotes responds to multiple extracellular mitogenic cues, its study in higher forms of life becomes all the more important. One such factor regulating cell cycle progression in plants is sugar signalling. Because the growth of organs depends on both cell growth and proliferation, sugars sensing and signalling are key control points linking sugar perception to regulation of downstream factors which facilitate these key developmental transitions. However, the basis of cell cycle control via sugars is intricate and demands exploration. This review deals with the information on sugar and TOR-SnRK1 signalling and how they manoeuvre various events of the cell cycle to ensure proper growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ashverya Laxmi
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
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Saito A, Omura I, Imaizumi K. CREB3L1/OASIS: cell cycle regulator and tumor suppressor. FEBS J 2024. [PMID: 38215153 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Cell cycle checkpoints detect DNA errors, eventually arresting the cell cycle to promote DNA repair. Failure of such cell cycle arrest causes aberrant cell proliferation, promoting the pathogenesis of multiple diseases, including cancer. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress transducers activate the unfolded protein response, which not only deals with unfolded proteins in ER lumen but also orchestrates diverse physiological phenomena such as cell differentiation and lipid metabolism. Among ER stress transducers, cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 1 (CREB3L1) [also known as old astrocyte specifically induced substance (OASIS)] is an ER-resident transmembrane transcription factor. This molecule is cleaved by regulated intramembrane proteolysis, followed by activation as a transcription factor. OASIS is preferentially expressed in specific cells, including astrocytes and osteoblasts, to regulate their differentiation. In accordance with its name, OASIS was originally identified as being upregulated in long-term-cultured astrocytes undergoing cell cycle arrest because of replicative stress. In the context of cell cycle regulation, previously unknown physiological roles of OASIS have been discovered. OASIS is activated as a transcription factor in response to DNA damage to induce p21-mediated cell cycle arrest. Although p21 is directly induced by the master regulator of the cell cycle, p53, no crosstalk occurs between p21 induction by OASIS or p53. Here, we summarize previously unknown cell cycle regulation by ER-resident transcription factor OASIS, particularly focusing on commonalities and differences in cell cycle arrest between OASIS and p53. This review also mentions tumorigenesis caused by OASIS dysfunctions, and OASIS's potential as a tumor suppressor and therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Saito
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - Issei Omura
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - Kazunori Imaizumi
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan
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Xie X, Zhao Y, Du F, Cai B, Fang Z, Liu Y, Sang Y, Ma C, Liu Z, Yu X, Zhang C, Jiang J, Gao Z, Liu Y, Lin X, Jing H, Zhong X, Cong L, Dai H, Sha D, Shao N, Feng H, Li L, Liu J, Shang L. Pan-cancer analysis of the tumorigenic role of Fanconi anemia complementation group D2 (FANCD2) in human tumors. Genomics 2024; 116:110762. [PMID: 38104669 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2023.110762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Monoubiquitination of FANCD2 is a central step in the activation of the Fanconi anemia (FA) pathway after DNA damage. Defects in the FA pathway centered around FANCD2 not only lead to genomic instability but also induce tumorigenesis. At present, few studies have investigated FANCD2 in tumors, and no pan-cancer research on FANCD2 has been conducted. We conducted a comprehensive analysis of the role of FANCD2 in cancer using public databases and other published studies. Moreover, we evaluated the role of FANCD2 in the proliferation, migration and invasion of lung adenocarcinoma cells through in vitro and in vivo experiments, and explored the role of FANCD2 in cisplatin chemoresistance. We investigated the regulatory effect of FANCD2 on the cell cycle of lung adenocarcinoma cells by flow cytometry, and verified this effect by western blotting. FANCD2 expression is elevated in most TCGA tumors and shows a strong positive correlation with poor prognosis in tumor patients. In addition, FANCD2 expression shows strong correlations with immune infiltration, immune checkpoints, the tumor mutation burden (TMB), and microsatellite instability (MSI), which are immune-related features, suggesting that it may be a potential target of tumor immunotherapy. We further found that FANCD2 significantly promotes the proliferation, invasion, and migration abilities of lung adenocarcinoma cells and that its ability to promote cancer cell proliferation may be achieved by modulating the cell cycle. The findings indicate that FANCD2 is a potential biomarker and therapeutic target in cancer treatment by analyzing the oncogenic role of FANCD2 in different tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhou Xie
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250000, China; Shandong Provincial Laboratory of Translational Medicine Engineering for Digestive Tumors, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan 250000, China; Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 250000 Jinan, China
| | - Yulong Zhao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250000, China; Shandong Provincial Laboratory of Translational Medicine Engineering for Digestive Tumors, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan 250000, China; Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 250000 Jinan, China
| | - Fengying Du
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250000, China; Shandong Provincial Laboratory of Translational Medicine Engineering for Digestive Tumors, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan 250000, China; Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 250000 Jinan, China
| | - Baoshan Cai
- Shandong Provincial Laboratory of Translational Medicine Engineering for Digestive Tumors, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan 250000, China; Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 250000 Jinan, China
| | - Zhen Fang
- Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250000, China; Shandong Provincial Laboratory of Translational Medicine Engineering for Digestive Tumors, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Yaodong Sang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250000, China; Shandong Provincial Laboratory of Translational Medicine Engineering for Digestive Tumors, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan 250000, China; Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 250000 Jinan, China
| | - Chenghao Ma
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250000, China; Shandong Provincial Laboratory of Translational Medicine Engineering for Digestive Tumors, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Zhaodong Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Xinshuai Yu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Jiayu Jiang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Zi Gao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Xiaoyan Lin
- Department of Pathology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Haiyan Jing
- Department of Pathology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Xiuming Zhong
- Department of Pathology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Lei Cong
- Department of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Honghai Dai
- Tumor Research and Therapy Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Dan Sha
- Department of Minimally Invasive Treatment of Cancer, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Na Shao
- Department of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Hong Feng
- Cancer Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Leping Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250000, China; Shandong Provincial Laboratory of Translational Medicine Engineering for Digestive Tumors, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan 250000, China; Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 250000 Jinan, China.
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250000, China.
| | - Liang Shang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250000, China; Shandong Provincial Laboratory of Translational Medicine Engineering for Digestive Tumors, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan 250000, China; Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 250000 Jinan, China.
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Spegg V, Altmeyer M. Genome maintenance meets mechanobiology. Chromosoma 2024; 133:15-36. [PMID: 37581649 PMCID: PMC10904543 DOI: 10.1007/s00412-023-00807-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Genome stability is key for healthy cells in healthy organisms, and deregulated maintenance of genome integrity is a hallmark of aging and of age-associated diseases including cancer and neurodegeneration. To maintain a stable genome, genome surveillance and repair pathways are closely intertwined with cell cycle regulation and with DNA transactions that occur during transcription and DNA replication. Coordination of these processes across different time and length scales involves dynamic changes of chromatin topology, clustering of fragile genomic regions and repair factors into nuclear repair centers, mobilization of the nuclear cytoskeleton, and activation of cell cycle checkpoints. Here, we provide a general overview of cell cycle regulation and of the processes involved in genome duplication in human cells, followed by an introduction to replication stress and to the cellular responses elicited by perturbed DNA synthesis. We discuss fragile genomic regions that experience high levels of replication stress, with a particular focus on telomere fragility caused by replication stress at the ends of linear chromosomes. Using alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) in cancer cells and ALT-associated PML bodies (APBs) as examples of replication stress-associated clustered DNA damage, we discuss compartmentalization of DNA repair reactions and the role of protein properties implicated in phase separation. Finally, we highlight emerging connections between DNA repair and mechanobiology and discuss how biomolecular condensates, components of the nuclear cytoskeleton, and interfaces between membrane-bound organelles and membraneless macromolecular condensates may cooperate to coordinate genome maintenance in space and time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Spegg
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Altmeyer
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Tyagi R, Yadav K, Srivastava N, Sagar R. Applications of Pyrrole and Pyridine-based Heterocycles in Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment. Curr Pharm Des 2024; 30:255-277. [PMID: 38711394 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128280082231205071504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The escalation of cancer worldwide is one of the major causes of economy burden and loss of human resources. According to the American Cancer Society, there will be 1,958,310 new cancer cases and 609,820 projected cancer deaths in 2023 in the United States. It is projected that by 2040, the burden of global cancer is expected to rise to 29.5 million per year, causing a death toll of 16.4 million. The hemostasis regulation by cellular protein synthesis and their targeted degradation is required for normal cell growth. The imbalance in hemostasis causes unbridled growth in cells and results in cancer. The DNA of cells needs to be targeted by chemotherapeutic agents for cancer treatment, but at the same time, their efficacy and toxicity also need to be considered for successful treatment. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to review the published work on pyrrole and pyridine, which have been prominent in the diagnosis and possess anticancer activity, to obtain some novel lead molecules of improved cancer therapeutic. METHODS A literature search was carried out using different search engines, like Sci-finder, Elsevier, ScienceDirect, RSC etc., for small molecules based on pyrrole and pyridine helpful in diagnosis and inducing apoptosis in cancer cells. The research findings on the application of these compounds from 2018-2023 were reviewed on a variety of cell lines, such as breast cancer, liver cancer, epithelial cancer, etc. Results: In this review, the published small molecules, pyrrole and pyridine and their derivatives, which have roles in the diagnosis and treatment of cancers, were discussed to provide some insight into the structural features responsible for diagnosis and treatment. The analogues with the chromeno-furo-pyridine skeleton showed the highest anticancer activity against breast cancer. The compound 5-amino-N-(1-(pyridin-4- yl)ethylidene)-1H-pyrazole-4-carbohydrazides was highly potent against HEPG2 cancer cell. Redaporfin is used for the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma, biliary tract cancer, cisplatin-resistant head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, and pigmentation melanoma, and it is in clinical trials for phase II. These structural features present a high potential for designing novel anticancer agents for diagnosis and drug development. CONCLUSION Therefore, the N- and C-substituted pyrrole and pyridine-based novel privileged small Nheterocyclic scaffolds are potential molecules used in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. This review discusses the reports on the synthesis of such molecules during 2018-2023. The review mainly discusses various diagnostic techniques for cancer, which employ pyrrole and pyridine heterocyclic scaffolds. Furthermore, the anticancer activity of N- and C-substituted pyrrole and pyridine-based scaffolds has been described, which works against different cancer cell lines, such as MCF-7, A549, A2780, HepG2, MDA-MB-231, K562, HT- 29, Caco-2 cells, Hela, Huh-7, WSU-DLCL2, HCT-116, HBL-100, H23, HCC827, SKOV3, etc. This review will help the researchers to obtain a critical insight into the structural aspects of pyrrole and pyridine-based scaffolds useful in cancer diagnosis as well as treatment and design pathways to develop novel drugs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajdeep Tyagi
- Glycochemistry Laboratory, School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110007, India
| | - Kanchan Yadav
- Glycochemistry Laboratory, School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110007, India
| | - Nitin Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry, Amity University Lucknow Campus, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226028, India
| | - Ram Sagar
- Glycochemistry Laboratory, School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110007, India
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Nguyen Vu TH, Kikuchi O, Ohashi S, Saito T, Ida T, Nakai Y, Cao Y, Yamamoto Y, Kondo Y, Mitani Y, Kataoka S, Kondo T, Katada C, Yamada A, Matsubara J, Muto M. Combination therapy with WEE1 inhibition and trifluridine/tipiracil against esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Sci 2023; 114:4664-4676. [PMID: 37724648 PMCID: PMC10728021 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite advanced therapeutics, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains one of the deadliest cancers. Here, we propose a novel therapeutic strategy based on synthetic lethality combining trifluridine/tipiracil and MK1775 (WEE1 inhibitor) as a treatment for ESCC. This study demonstrates that trifluridine induces single-strand DNA damage in ESCC cells, as evidenced by phosphorylated replication protein 32. The DNA damage response includes cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) (Tyr15) phosphorylation as CDK1 inhibition and a decrease of the proportion of phospho-histone H3 (p-hH3)-positive cells, indicating cell cycle arrest at the G2 phase before mitosis entry. The WEE1 inhibitor remarkedly suppressed CDK1 phosphorylation (Try15) and reactivated CDK1, and also increased the proportion of p-hH3-positive cells, which indicates an increase of the number of cells into mitosis. Trifluridine combined with a WEE1 inhibitor increased trifluridine-mediated DNA damage, namely DNA double-strand breaks, as shown by increased γ-H2AX expression. Moreover, the combination treatment with trifluridine/tipiracil and a WEE1 inhibitor significantly suppressed tumor growth of ESCC-derived xenograft models. Hence, our novel combination treatment with trifluridine/tipiracil and a WEE1 inhibitor is considered a candidate treatment strategy for ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trang H. Nguyen Vu
- Department of Therapeutic Oncology, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
- Endoscopy DepartmentCho Ray HospitalHo Chi Minh CityVietnam
| | - Osamu Kikuchi
- Department of Clinical Bio‐Resource CenterKyoto University HospitalKyotoJapan
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Cancer ImmunotherapyKyoto University Center for Cancer Immunotherapy and ImmunobiologyKyotoJapan
| | - Shinya Ohashi
- Department of Therapeutic Oncology, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
- Preemptive Medicine and Lifestyle Disease Research CenterKyoto University HospitalKyotoJapan
| | - Tomoki Saito
- Department of Therapeutic Oncology, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Tomomi Ida
- Department of Therapeutic Oncology, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Yukie Nakai
- Department of Therapeutic Oncology, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Yang Cao
- Department of Therapeutic Oncology, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Yoshihiro Yamamoto
- Department of Therapeutic Oncology, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Yuki Kondo
- Department of Therapeutic Oncology, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Yosuke Mitani
- Department of Therapeutic Oncology, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Shigeki Kataoka
- Department of Therapeutic Oncology, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Tomohiro Kondo
- Department of Therapeutic Oncology, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Chikatoshi Katada
- Department of Therapeutic Oncology, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Atsushi Yamada
- Department of Therapeutic Oncology, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Junichi Matsubara
- Department of Therapeutic Oncology, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Manabu Muto
- Department of Therapeutic Oncology, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
- Department of Clinical Bio‐Resource CenterKyoto University HospitalKyotoJapan
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10
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O’Leary BR, Kalen AL, Pope AN, Goswami PC, Cullen JJ. Hydrogen Peroxide Mediates Pharmacological Ascorbate Induced Radio-Sensitization of Pancreatic Cancer Cells by Enhancing G2-accumulation and Reducing Cyclin B1 Protein Levels. Radiat Res 2023; 200:444-455. [PMID: 37758045 PMCID: PMC10699322 DOI: 10.1667/rade-22-00182.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacological ascorbate (P-AscH-, high dose, intravenous vitamin C) preferentially sensitizes human pancreas ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells to radiation-induced toxicity compared to non-tumorigenic epithelial cells. Radiation-induced G2-checkpoint activation contributes to the resistance of cancer cells to DNA damage induced toxicity. We hypothesized that P-AscH- induced radio-sensitization of PDAC cells is mediated by perturbations in the radiation induced activation of the G2-checkpoint pathway. Both non-tumorigenic pancreatic ductal epithelial and PDAC cells display decreased clonogenic survival and increased doubling times after radiation treatment. In contrast, the addition of P-AscH- to radiation increases clonogenic survival and decreases the doubling time of non-tumorigenic epithelial cells but decreasing clonogenic survival and increasing the doubling time of PDAC cells. Results from the mitotic index and propidium iodide assays showed that while the P-AscH- treatments did not affect radiation-induced G2-checkpoint activation, it enhanced G2-accumulation. The addition of catalase reverses the increases in G2-accumulation, indicating a peroxide-mediated mechanism. In addition, P-AscH- treatment of PDAC cells suppresses radiation-induced accumulation of cyclin B1 protein levels. Both translational and post-translational pathways appear to regulate cyclin B1 protein levels after the combination treatment of PDAC cells with P-AscH- and radiation. The protein changes seen are reversed by the addition of catalase suggesting that hydrogen peroxide mediates P-AscH- induced radiation sensitization of PDAC cells by enhancing G2-accumulation and reducing cyclin B1 protein levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianne R. O’Leary
- Departments of Surgery and Free Radical and Radiation Biology Division, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Amanda L. Kalen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Amanda N. Pope
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Prabhat C. Goswami
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Joseph J. Cullen
- Departments of Surgery and Free Radical and Radiation Biology Division, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
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11
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Saiz-Baggetto S, Dolz-Edo L, Méndez E, García-Bolufer P, Marí M, Bañó MC, Fariñas I, Morante-Redolat JM, Igual JC, Quilis I. A Multimodel Study of the Role of Novel PKC Isoforms in the DNA Integrity Checkpoint. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15796. [PMID: 37958781 PMCID: PMC10650207 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The protein kinase C (PKC) family plays important regulatory roles in numerous cellular processes. Saccharomyces cerevisiae contains a single PKC, Pkc1, whereas in mammals, the PKC family comprises nine isoforms. Both Pkc1 and the novel isoform PKCδ are involved in the control of DNA integrity checkpoint activation, demonstrating that this mechanism is conserved from yeast to mammals. To explore the function of PKCδ in a non-tumor cell line, we employed CRISPR-Cas9 technology to obtain PKCδ knocked-out mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). This model demonstrated that the absence of PKCδ reduced the activation of the effector kinase CHK1, although it suggested that other isoform(s) might contribute to this function. Therefore, we used yeast to study the ability of each single PKC isoform to activate the DNA integrity checkpoint. Our analysis identified that PKCθ, the closest isoform to PKCδ, was also able to perform this function, although with less efficiency. Then, by generating truncated and mutant versions in key residues, we uncovered differences between the activation mechanisms of PKCδ and PKCθ and identified their essential domains. Our work strongly supports the role of PKC as a key player in the DNA integrity checkpoint pathway and highlights the advantages of combining distinct research models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Saiz-Baggetto
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain; (S.S.-B.); (L.D.-E.); (M.C.B.)
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain (I.F.); (J.M.M.-R.)
| | - Laura Dolz-Edo
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain; (S.S.-B.); (L.D.-E.); (M.C.B.)
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain (I.F.); (J.M.M.-R.)
- Departament de Biologia Cellular, Biologia Funcional i Antropologia Física, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Ester Méndez
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain; (S.S.-B.); (L.D.-E.); (M.C.B.)
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain (I.F.); (J.M.M.-R.)
| | - Pau García-Bolufer
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain (I.F.); (J.M.M.-R.)
- Departament de Biologia Cellular, Biologia Funcional i Antropologia Física, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Miquel Marí
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain (I.F.); (J.M.M.-R.)
- Departament de Biologia Cellular, Biologia Funcional i Antropologia Física, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - M. Carmen Bañó
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain; (S.S.-B.); (L.D.-E.); (M.C.B.)
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain (I.F.); (J.M.M.-R.)
| | - Isabel Fariñas
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain (I.F.); (J.M.M.-R.)
- Departament de Biologia Cellular, Biologia Funcional i Antropologia Física, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - José Manuel Morante-Redolat
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain (I.F.); (J.M.M.-R.)
- Departament de Biologia Cellular, Biologia Funcional i Antropologia Física, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - J. Carlos Igual
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain; (S.S.-B.); (L.D.-E.); (M.C.B.)
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain (I.F.); (J.M.M.-R.)
| | - Inma Quilis
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain; (S.S.-B.); (L.D.-E.); (M.C.B.)
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain (I.F.); (J.M.M.-R.)
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12
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Ni Q, Wu X, Su T, Jiang C, Dong D, Wang D, Chen W, Cui Y, Peng Y. The regulatory subunits of CK2 complex mediate DNA damage response and virulence in Candida Glabrata. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:317. [PMID: 37891489 PMCID: PMC10612253 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-03069-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Candida glabrata which belongs to normal microbiota, has caused significant concern worldwide due to its high prevalence and drug resistance in recent years. C. glabrata has developed many strategies to evade the clearance of the host immune system, thereby causing persistent infection. Although coping with the induced DNA damage is widely acknowledged to be important, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. RESULTS The present study provides hitherto undocumented evidence of the importance of the regulatory subunits of CgCK2 (CgCkb1 and CgCkb2) in response to DNA damage. Deletion of CgCKB1 or CgCKB2 enhanced cellular apoptosis and DNA breaks and led to cell cycle delay. In addition, deficiencies in survival upon phagocytosis were observed in Δckb1 and Δckb2 strains. Consistently, disruption of CgCKB1 and CgCKB2 attenuated the virulence of C. glabrata in mouse models of invasive candidiasis. Furthermore, global transcriptional profiling analysis revealed that CgCkb1 and CgCkb2 participate in cell cycle resumption and genomic stability. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our findings suggest that the response to DNA damage stress is crucial for C. glabrata to survive in macrophages, leading to full virulence in vivo. The significance of this work lies in providing a better understanding of pathogenicity in C. glabrata-related candidiasis and expanding ideas for clinical therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Ni
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No.197 Ruijin ER Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xianwei Wu
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.725 South Wanping Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Tongxuan Su
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No.197 Ruijin ER Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Cen Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No.197 Ruijin ER Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Danfeng Dong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No.197 Ruijin ER Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Daosheng Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No.197 Ruijin ER Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No.197 Ruijin ER Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yingchao Cui
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No.197 Ruijin ER Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yibing Peng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No.197 Ruijin ER Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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13
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Bhowmick R, Hickson ID, Liu Y. Completing genome replication outside of S phase. Mol Cell 2023; 83:3596-3607. [PMID: 37716351 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Mitotic DNA synthesis (MiDAS) is an unusual form of DNA replication that occurs during mitosis. Initially, MiDAS was characterized as a process associated with intrinsically unstable loci known as common fragile sites that occurs after cells experience DNA replication stress (RS). However, it is now believed to be a more widespread "salvage" mechanism that is called upon to complete the duplication of any under-replicated genomic region. Emerging data suggest that MiDAS is a DNA repair process potentially involving two or more pathways working in parallel or sequentially. In this review, we introduce the causes of RS, regions of the human genome known to be especially vulnerable to RS, and the strategies used to complete DNA replication outside of S phase. Additionally, because MiDAS is a prominent feature of aneuploid cancer cells, we will discuss how targeting MiDAS might potentially lead to improvements in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Bhowmick
- Center for Chromosome Stability and Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Panum Institute, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Ian D Hickson
- Center for Chromosome Stability and Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Panum Institute, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
| | - Ying Liu
- Center for Chromosome Stability and Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Panum Institute, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
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14
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Yuzon JD, Schultzhaus Z, Wang Z. Transcriptomic and genomic effects of gamma-radiation exposure on strains of the black yeast Exophiala dermatitidis evolved to display increased ionizing radiation resistance. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0221923. [PMID: 37676019 PMCID: PMC10581076 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02219-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanized fungi thrive in extreme environments, including those with high levels of ionizing radiation. To understand the role that melanin may play in ionizing radiation resistance, we previously performed an adaptive laboratory evolution experiment in which we used melanized and non-melanized strains of the yeast Exophiala dermatitidis to develop evolved lines that exhibit increased ionizing radiation resistance. In this study, we further characterized these evolved lines by analyzing their response to ionizing radiation at the transcriptomic and genomic levels. RNA sequencing showed that the response to gamma irradiation in both unevolved and evolved strains involved the induction of DNA repair genes. However, in the melanized lines evolved to exhibit increased ionizing radiation resistance, DNA-associated genes were constitutively expressed, compared to their expression levels in wild type. Non-melanized lines that were evolved to be resistant to ionizing radiation, on the other hand, exhibited upregulation of genes involved in redox homeostasis, even under non-irradiated conditions. Additionally, we characterized genome-wide mutations induced by a single high dose of gamma radiation in these evolved lines and observed that while melanin did not directly affect survival after gamma radiation exposure, melanized lines that evolved to exhibit higher ionizing radiation resistance experienced fewer mutations, whereas similarly evolved, non-melanized lines accumulated more mutations, similar to the parent, non-melanized strain. These results underscore the complex yet measurable role of melanin in the response to ionizing radiation in E. dermatitidis. Furthermore, this study enhances our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the recovery after ionizing radiation exposure in melanized fungi and offers insights into the potential therapeutic applications of melanin and other redox molecules for protecting against ionizing radiation-induced damage. IMPORTANCE Ionizing radiation poses a significant threat to living organisms and human health, given its destructive nature and widespread use in fields such as medicine and the potential for nuclear disasters. Melanized fungi exhibit remarkable survival capabilities, enduring doses up to 1,000-fold higher than mammals. Through adaptive laboratory evolution, we validated the protective role of constitutive upregulation of DNA repair genes in the black yeast Exophiala dermatitidis, enhancing survival after radiation exposure. Surprisingly, we found that evolved strains lacking melanin still achieved high levels of radioresistance. Our study unveiled the significance of robust activation and enhancement of redox homeostasis, as evidenced by the profound transcriptional changes and increased accumulation of mutations, in substantially improving ionizing radiation resistance in the absence of melanin. These findings underscore the delicate balance between DNA repair and redox homeostasis for an organism's ability to endure and recover from radiation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer D. Yuzon
- National Research Council Postdoctoral Research Associate, US Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, USA
| | - Zachary Schultzhaus
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, US Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, USA
| | - Zheng Wang
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, US Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, USA
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15
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Tyagi A, Karapurkar JK, Colaco JC, Sarodaya N, Antao AM, Kaushal K, Haq S, Chandrasekaran AP, Das S, Singh V, Hong SH, Suresh B, Kim KS, Ramakrishna S. USP19 Negatively Regulates p53 and Promotes Cervical Cancer Progression. Mol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12033-023-00814-y. [PMID: 37572221 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00814-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
p53 is a tumor suppressor gene activated in response to cellular stressors that inhibits cell cycle progression and induces pro-apoptotic signaling. The protein level of p53 is well balanced by the action of several E3 ligases and deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs). Several DUBs have been reported to negatively regulate and promote p53 degradation in tumors. In this study, we identified USP19 as a negative regulator of p53 protein level. We demonstrate a direct interaction between USP19 and p53 by pull down assay. The overexpression of USP19 promoted ubiquitination of p53 and reduced its protein half-life. We also demonstrate that CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of USP19 in cervical cancer cells elevates p53 protein levels, resulting in reduced colony formation, cell migration, and cell invasion. Overall, our results indicate that USP19 negatively regulates p53 protein levels in cervical cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apoorvi Tyagi
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, 04763, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Jencia Carminha Colaco
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, 04763, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Neha Sarodaya
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, 04763, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ainsley Mike Antao
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, 04763, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kamini Kaushal
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, 04763, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Saba Haq
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, 04763, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Soumyadip Das
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, 04763, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Vijai Singh
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Rajpur, Indrashil University, 382715, Mehsana, Gujarat, India
| | - Seok-Ho Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Bharathi Suresh
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, 04763, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Kye-Seong Kim
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, 04763, Seoul, South Korea.
- College of Medicine, Hanyang University, 04763, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Suresh Ramakrishna
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, 04763, Seoul, South Korea
- College of Medicine, Hanyang University, 04763, Seoul, South Korea
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16
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Amario M, Villela LB, Jardim-Messeder D, Silva-Lima AW, Rosado PM, de Moura RL, Sachetto-Martins G, Chaloub RM, Salomon PS. Physiological response of Symbiodiniaceae to thermal stress: Reactive oxygen species, photosynthesis, and relative cell size. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0284717. [PMID: 37535627 PMCID: PMC10399794 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the physiological response to heat stress of three genetically different Symbiodiniaceae strains isolated from the scleractinian coral Mussismilia braziliensis, endemic of the Abrolhos Bank, Brazil. Cultures of two Symbiodinium sp. and one Cladocopium sp. were exposed to a stepwise increase in temperature (2°C every second day) ranging from 26°C (modal temperature in Abrolhos) to 32°C (just above the maximum temperature registered in Abrolhos during the third global bleaching event-TGBE). After the cultures reached their final testing temperature, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, single cell attributes (relative cell size and chlorophyll fluorescence), and photosynthetic efficiency (effective (Y(II)) and maximum (Fv/Fm) quantum yields) were measured within 4 h and 72 h. Non-photochemical coefficient (NPQ) was estimated based on fluorescence values. Population average ROS production was variable across strains and exposure times, reaching up a 2-fold increase at 32°C in one of the Symbiodinium sp. strains. A marked intrapopulation difference was observed in ROS production, with 5 to 25% of the cells producing up to 10 times more than the population average, highlighting the importance of single cell approaches to assess population physiology. Average cell size increases at higher temperatures, likely resulting from cell cycle arrest, whereas chlorophyll fluorescence decreased, especially in 4 h, indicating a photoacclimation response. The conditions tested do not seem to have elicited loss of photosynthetic efficiency nor the activation of non-photochemical mechanisms in the cells. Our results unveiled a generalized thermotolerance in three Symbiodiniaceae strains originated from Abrolhos' corals. Inter and intra-specific variability could be detected, likely reflecting the genetic differences among the strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Amario
- Laboratório de Fitoplâncton Marinho, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética, Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lívia Bonetti Villela
- Laboratório de Fitoplâncton Marinho, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética, Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Douglas Jardim-Messeder
- Laboratório de Genômica Funcional e Transdução de Sinal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biologia, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Arthur Weiss Silva-Lima
- Laboratório de Fitoplâncton Marinho, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Rodrigo Leão de Moura
- Laboratório de Monitoramento da Biodiversidade, Instituto de Biologia SAGE-COPPE, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Sachetto-Martins
- Laboratório de Genômica Funcional e Transdução de Sinal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biologia, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Moreira Chaloub
- Laboratório de Estudos Aplicados em Fotossíntese, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paulo Sergio Salomon
- Laboratório de Fitoplâncton Marinho, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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17
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Cao Q, Huang W, Zhang Z, Chu P, Wei T, Zheng H, Liu C. The Quantification of Bacterial Cell Size: Discrepancies Arise from Varied Quantification Methods. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1246. [PMID: 37374027 DOI: 10.3390/life13061246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The robust regulation of the cell cycle is critical for the survival and proliferation of bacteria. To gain a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms regulating the bacterial cell cycle, it is essential to accurately quantify cell-cycle-related parameters and to uncover quantitative relationships. In this paper, we demonstrate that the quantification of cell size parameters using microscopic images can be influenced by software and by the parameter settings used. Remarkably, even if the consistent use of a particular software and specific parameter settings is maintained throughout a study, the type of software and the parameter settings can significantly impact the validation of quantitative relationships, such as the constant-initiation-mass hypothesis. Given these inherent characteristics of microscopic image-based quantification methods, it is recommended that conclusions be cross-validated using independent methods, especially when the conclusions are associated with cell size parameters that were obtained under different conditions. To this end, we presented a flexible workflow for simultaneously quantifying multiple bacterial cell-cycle-related parameters using microscope-independent methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian'andong Cao
- Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenqi Huang
- Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Pan Chu
- Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ting Wei
- Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hai Zheng
- Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chenli Liu
- Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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18
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Pan Y, Hu C, Hou LJ, Chen YL, Shi J, Liu JC, Zhou JQ. Swc4 protects nucleosome-free rDNA, tDNA and telomere loci to inhibit genome instability. DNA Repair (Amst) 2023; 127:103512. [PMID: 37230009 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2023.103512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In the baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, NuA4 and SWR1-C, two multisubunit complexes, are involved in histone acetylation and chromatin remodeling, respectively. Eaf1 is the assembly platform subunit of NuA4, Swr1 is the assembly platform and catalytic subunit of SWR1-C, while Swc4, Yaf9, Arp4 and Act1 form a functional module, and is present in both NuA4 and SWR1 complexes. ACT1 and ARP4 are essential for cell survival. Deletion of SWC4, but not YAF9, EAF1 or SWR1 results in a severe growth defect, but the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. Here, we show that swc4Δ, but not yaf9Δ, eaf1Δ, or swr1Δ cells display defects in DNA ploidy and chromosome segregation, suggesting that the defects observed in swc4Δ cells are independent of NuA4 or SWR1-C integrity. Swc4 is enriched in the nucleosome-free regions (NFRs) of the genome, including characteristic regions of RDN5s, tDNAs and telomeres, independently of Yaf9, Eaf1 or Swr1. In particular, rDNA, tDNA and telomere loci are more unstable and prone to recombination in the swc4Δ cells than in wild-type cells. Taken together, we conclude that the chromatin associated Swc4 protects nucleosome-free chromatin of rDNA, tDNA and telomere loci to ensure genome integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Pan
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Can Hu
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Lin-Jun Hou
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yu-Long Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jiantao Shi
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jia-Cheng Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.
| | - Jin-Qiu Zhou
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China.
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19
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Almatroudi A, Allemailem KS, Alwanian WM, Alharbi BF, Alrumaihi F, Khan AA, Almatroodi SA, Rahmani AH. Effects and Mechanisms of Kaempferol in the Management of Cancers through Modulation of Inflammation and Signal Transduction Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108630. [PMID: 37239974 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the principal cause of death and its incidence is increasing continuously worldwide. Various treatment approaches are in practice to treat cancer, but these treatment strategies may be associated with severe side effects and also produce drug resistance. However, natural compounds have established their role in cancer management with minimal side effects. In this vista, kaempferol, a natural polyphenol, mainly found in vegetables and fruits, has been revealed to have many health-promoting effects. Besides its health-promoting potential, its anti-cancer potential has also been described in in vivo as well as in in vitro studies. The anti-cancer potential of kaempferol has been proven through modulation of cell signaling pathways in addition to the induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in cancer cells. It leads to the activation of tumor suppressor genes, inhibition of angiogenesis, PI3K/AKT pathways, STAT3, transcription factor AP-1, Nrf2 and other cell signaling molecules. Poor bioavailability of this compound is one of the major limitations for its proper and effective disease management actions. Recently, some novel nanoparticle-based formulations have been used to overcome these limitations. The aim of this review is to provide a clear picture regarding the mechanism of action of kaempferol in different cancers through the modulation of cell signaling molecules. Besides this, strategies to improve the efficacy and synergistic effects of this compound have also been described. However, more studies are needed based on clinical trials to fully explore the therapeutic role of this compound, especially in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Almatroudi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled S Allemailem
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wanian M Alwanian
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basmah F Alharbi
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faris Alrumaihi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amjad Ali Khan
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh A Almatroodi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arshad Husain Rahmani
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
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20
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Chen X, Yang T, Huang Q, Li B, Ding X, Hou Y. Comparative Studies on the Structure and Biological Activities of Two New Polysaccharides from Tricholoma sinoportentosum (TS-P) and Termitomyces albuminosus (TA-P). Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15092227. [PMID: 37177371 PMCID: PMC10180919 DOI: 10.3390/polym15092227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharides are important active ingredients of living organisms. In this study, two new polysaccharides, Tricholoma sinoportentosum polysaccharide (TS-P) and Termitomyces albuminosus (TA-P), were extracted and purified using anion exchange column chromatography. The structure of each polysaccharide was identified by HPGPC, FT-IR, HPLC, GC-MS and NMR, and the biological activities were also investigated. The results of the structure identification showed that TS-P was composed of arabinose, mannose, glucose and galactose at a ratio of 1:1:3:2 and its main chain was composed of (1→4)-Arap residues, (1→4,6)-D-Manp residues and two (1→6)-Galp residues. The TA-P was composed of arabinose, glucose and galactose at a ratio of 2:4:8. Its main chain was composed of two (1→4)-β-L-Arap residues, one (1→4)-Glcp residues, three (1→2,6)-Galp residues and five (1→6)-Galp residues. The immunoassay showed that TS-P and TA-P could significantly promote the proliferation of T cells, B cells and RAW264.7 cells. The cell cycle results showed that for B cells and macrophages, TS-P and TA-P mainly affected the G0/G1 phases of the cell cycle; for T cells, TS-P affected G2/M phase, while TA-P mainly affected the G0/G1 phases. TS-P could significantly promote B cells to secrete IgA, IgG and IgD (p < 0.01), while TA-P could significantly promote the secretion of IgA and IgG (p < 0.01). The chemical structure and biological activity of TS-P and TA-P were first studied and compared to lay a theoretical foundation for the application of fungal polysaccharide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, China
| | - Tong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Southwest Wildlife Resource Conservation, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, China
| | - Qinghua Huang
- Xichong Xinghe Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Xichong 637299, China
| | - Biao Li
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Dazhou City, Dazhou 635099, China
| | - Xiang Ding
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, China
| | - Yiling Hou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, China
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21
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Saito A, Kamikawa Y, Ito T, Matsuhisa K, Kaneko M, Okamoto T, Yoshimaru T, Matsushita Y, Katagiri T, Imaizumi K. p53-independent tumor suppression by cell-cycle arrest via CREB/ATF transcription factor OASIS. Cell Rep 2023:112479. [PMID: 37178686 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
CREB/ATF transcription factor OASIS/CREB3L1 is upregulated in long-term-cultured astrocytes undergoing cell-cycle arrest due to loss of DNA integrity by repeated replication. However, the roles of OASIS in the cell cycle remain unexplored. We find that OASIS arrests the cell cycle at G2/M phase after DNA damage via direct induction of p21. Cell-cycle arrest by OASIS is dominant in astrocytes and osteoblasts, but not in fibroblasts, which are dependent on p53. In a brain injury model, Oasis-/- reactive astrocytes surrounding the lesion core show sustained growth and inhibition of cell-cycle arrest, resulting in prolonged gliosis. We find that some glioma patients exhibit low expression of OASIS due to high methylation of its promoter. Specific removal of this hypermethylation in glioblastomas transplanted into nude mice by epigenomic engineering suppresses the tumorigenesis. These findings suggest OASIS as a critical cell-cycle inhibitor with potential to act as a tumor suppressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Saito
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan.
| | - Yasunao Kamikawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Taichi Ito
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Koji Matsuhisa
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Masayuki Kaneko
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Innovation, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Takumi Okamoto
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Innovation, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Yoshimaru
- Division of Genome Medicine, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Yosuke Matsushita
- Division of Genome Medicine, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Toyomasa Katagiri
- Division of Genome Medicine, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Kazunori Imaizumi
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan.
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22
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Li Q, Chen X, Lin W, Guo X, Ma Y. Application of a Novel Multicomponent Nanoemulsion to Tumor Therapy Based on the Theory of “Unification of Drugs and Excipients”. Pharm Dev Technol 2023; 28:351-362. [PMID: 36971746 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2023.2196330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Toad skin has many pharmacological activities and bufadienolides are regarded as its main anti-tumor components. The poor water solubility, high toxicity, rapid elimination and less selectivity in vivo of bufadienolides limit the application of toad skin. Based on the "unification of drugs and excipients" theory, the toad skin extracts (TSE) and Brucea javanica oil (BJO) nanoemulsions (NEs) were designed to solve the aforementioned problems. BJO as the main oil phase was not only used to prepare the NEs, but played a synergistic therapeutic role combined with TSE. TSE-BJO NEs showed 155 nm particle size, entrapment efficiency of >95% and good stability. TSE-BJO NEs demonstrated superior anti-tumor activity compared with the TSE or BJO NEs alone. The mechanism of TSE-BJO NEs to enhance the antineoplastic efficacy involved several pathways, such as inhibiting cell proliferation, inducing tumor cell apoptosis >40% and arresting cell cycle at G2/M. TSE-BJO NEs could co-deliver drugs into the target cells efficiently and exhibit satisfying synergism. Besides, TSE-BJO NEs facilitated the long circulation of bufadienolides contributing to the high accumulation of drugs at tumor sites and the improvement of anti-tumor efficacy. The study achieves the combinative administration of the toxic TSE and BJO with high efficacy and safety.
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23
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Kawaguchi K, Akeda K, Yamada J, Hasegawa T, Takegami N, Fujiwara T, Sudo A. Expression of GADD45G and CAPRIN1 in Human Nucleus Pulposus: Implications for Intervertebral Disc Degeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065768. [PMID: 36982840 PMCID: PMC10059755 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Marked cellular changes occur in human intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration during disc degeneration with biochemical changes. Genome-wide analysis of the DNA methylation profile has identified 220 differentially methylated loci associated with human IVD degeneration. Among these, two cell-cycle-associated genes, growth arrest and DNA damage 45 gamma (GADD45G) and cytoplasmic activation/proliferation-associated protein-1 (CAPRIN1), were focused on. The expression of GADD45G and CAPRIN1 in human IVDs remains unknown. We aimed to examine the expression of GADD45G and CAPRIN1 in human nucleus pulposus (NP) cells and evaluate those in human NP tissues in the early and advanced stages of degeneration according to Pfirrmann magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and histological classifications. Human NP cells were cultured as monolayers after isolation from NP tissues by sequential enzyme digestion. Total RNA was isolated, and the mRNA expression of GADD45G and CAPRIN1 was quantified using real-time polymerase chain reaction. To examine the effects of pro-inflammatory cytokines on mRNA expression, human NP cells were cultured in the presence of IL-1β. Protein expression was evaluated using Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. GADD45G and CAPRIN1 expression was identified in human NP cells at both mRNA and protein levels. The percentage of cells immunopositive for GADD45G and CAPRIN1 significantly increased according to the Pfirrmann grade. A significant correlation between the histological degeneration score and the percentage of GADD45G-immunopositive cells was identified, but not with that of CAPRIN1-immunopositive cells. The expression of cell-cycle-associated proteins (GADD45G and CAPRIN1) was enhanced in human NP cells at an advanced stage of degeneration, suggesting that it may be regulated during the progression of IVD degeneration to maintain the integrity of human NP tissues by controlling cell proliferation and apoptosis under epigenetic alteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koki Kawaguchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
| | - Koji Akeda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
| | - Junichi Yamada
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
| | - Takahiro Hasegawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
| | - Norihiko Takegami
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Fujiwara
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
| | - Akihiro Sudo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
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24
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Zhang X, Zhao J, Li Q, Qin D, Li W, Wang X, Bi M, Li Q, Li T. Lamprey prohibitin 2 inhibits non-small cell lung carcinoma cell proliferation by down-regulating the expression and phosphorylation levels of cell cycle-associated proteins. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 134:108560. [PMID: 36681363 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Prohibitin 2 (PHB2) is an evolutionarily conserved and functionally diverse protein that plays an important role in multiple cellular functions, including cell proliferation, cell migration, and apoptosis, and is also known to participate in the process of tumorigenesis and development. In this study, the lamprey PHB2 (Lm-PHB2) gene was over-expressed in KRAS (kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog)-mutated non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) cells to investigate its effect on cell proliferation. The effects of Lm-PHB2 protein on the proliferation of NSCLC cells were determined by treating cells with the purified recombinant Lm-PHB2 protein (rLm-PHB2) followed by cell counting kit (CCK) assays and flow cytometry. Analysis showed that rLm-PHB2 blocked cells in the G2 phase and inhibited the cell proliferation of A549, Calu-1, and NCI-H226 to various degrees. The effect on Calu-1 cells was the most obvious and was concentration- and time-dependent. Similarly, cells transfected with the pEGFP-N1-Lm-PHB2 plasmid also resulted in the suppression of proliferation in A549 cells and Calu-1 cells. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) showed that Lm-PHB2 inhibited cell proliferation by repressing the transcription of PLK1 (polo-like kinase 1), Wee1 (wee1 kinase), CCNB1 (cyclin B1), and CDC25C (cell division control protein 25C). According to western blot analysis, Lm-PHB2 not only down-regulated the expression of PLK1, Wee1, CCNB1, and CDC25C but also reduced the phosphorylation levels of CCNB1 and CDC25C, thus blocking Calu-1 cells in G2/M phase. Our findings demonstrate a function of lamprey PHB2 that may inhibit the proliferation of some NSCLC cells by down-regulating the expression and phosphorylation of cell cycle-associated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China
| | - Jianzhu Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China
| | - Qing Li
- School of Science and Engineering, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EN, UK
| | - Di Qin
- College of Life Sciences, Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China
| | - Wenwei Li
- College of Life Sciences, Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China
| | - Mengfei Bi
- College of Life Sciences, Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China
| | - Qingwei Li
- College of Life Sciences, Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Tiesong Li
- College of Life Sciences, Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116023, China.
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25
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Sakthivel D, Brown-Suedel A, Bouchier-Hayes L. The role of the nucleolus in regulating the cell cycle and the DNA damage response. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2023; 135:203-241. [PMID: 37061332 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
The nucleolus has long been perceived as the site for ribosome biogenesis, but numerous studies suggest that the nucleolus carefully sequesters crucial proteins involved in multiple cellular functions. Among these, the role of nucleolus in cell cycle regulation is the most evident. The nucleolus is the first responder of growth-related signals to mediate normal cell cycle progression. The nucleolus also senses different cellular stress insults by activating diverse pathways that arrest the cell cycle, promote DNA repair, or initiate apoptosis. Here, we review the emerging concepts on how the ribosomal and nonribosomal nucleolar proteins mediate such cellular effects.
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26
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Yang J, Griffin A, Qiang Z, Ren J. Organelle-targeted therapies: a comprehensive review on system design for enabling precision oncology. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:379. [PMID: 36402753 PMCID: PMC9675787 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01243-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a major threat to human health. Among various treatment methods, precision therapy has received significant attention since the inception, due to its ability to efficiently inhibit tumor growth, while curtailing common shortcomings from conventional cancer treatment, leading towards enhanced survival rates. Particularly, organelle-targeted strategies enable precise accumulation of therapeutic agents in organelles, locally triggering organelle-mediated cell death signals which can greatly reduce the therapeutic threshold dosage and minimize side-effects. In this review, we comprehensively discuss history and recent advances in targeted therapies on organelles, specifically including nucleus, mitochondria, lysosomes and endoplasmic reticulum, while focusing on organelle structures, organelle-mediated cell death signal pathways, and design guidelines of organelle-targeted nanomedicines based on intervention mechanisms. Furthermore, a perspective on future research and clinical opportunities and potential challenges in precision oncology is presented. Through demonstrating recent developments in organelle-targeted therapies, we believe this article can further stimulate broader interests in multidisciplinary research and technology development for enabling advanced organelle-targeted nanomedicines and their corresponding clinic translations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Yang
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Institute of Nano and Biopolymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 201804 Shanghai, China
| | - Anthony Griffin
- grid.267193.80000 0001 2295 628XSchool of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA
| | - Zhe Qiang
- grid.267193.80000 0001 2295 628XSchool of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA
| | - Jie Ren
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Institute of Nano and Biopolymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 201804 Shanghai, China
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27
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Rahmani AH, Almatroudi A, Khan AA, Babiker AY, Alanezi M, Allemailem KS. The Multifaceted Role of Baicalein in Cancer Management through Modulation of Cell Signalling Pathways. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27228023. [PMID: 36432119 PMCID: PMC9692503 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27228023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The roles of medicinal plants or their purified bioactive compounds have attracted attention in the field of health sciences due to their low toxicity and minimal side effects. Baicalein is an active polyphenolic compound, isolated from Scutellaria baicalensis, and plays a significant role in the management of different diseases. Epidemiologic studies have proven that there is an inverse association between baicalein consumption and disease severity. Baicalein is known to display anticancer activity through the inhibition of inflammation and cell proliferation. Additionally, the anticancer potential of baicalein is chiefly mediated through the modulation of various cell-signaling pathways, such as the induction of apoptosis, autophagy, cell cycle arrest, inhibition of angiogenesis, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, and PI3K/Akt pathways, as well as the regulation of other molecular targets. Therefore, the current review aimed to explore the role of baicalein in different types of cancer along with mechanisms of action. Besides this, the synergistic effects with other anti-cancerous drugs and the nano-formulation based delivery of baicalein have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshad Husain Rahmani
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51542, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
| | - Ahmad Almatroudi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51542, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amjad Ali Khan
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51542, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Yousif Babiker
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51542, Saudi Arabia
| | - Malak Alanezi
- Department of Dentistry, Dr. Sulaiman Al Habib Medical Group, Qassim 51431, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled S. Allemailem
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51542, Saudi Arabia
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28
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Pizzul P, Casari E, Gnugnoli M, Rinaldi C, Corallo F, Longhese MP. The DNA damage checkpoint: A tale from budding yeast. Front Genet 2022; 13:995163. [PMID: 36186482 PMCID: PMC9520983 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.995163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies performed in the yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe have led the way in defining the DNA damage checkpoint and in identifying most of the proteins involved in this regulatory network, which turned out to have structural and functional equivalents in humans. Subsequent experiments revealed that the checkpoint is an elaborate signal transduction pathway that has the ability to sense and signal the presence of damaged DNA and transduce this information to influence a multifaceted cellular response that is essential for cancer avoidance. This review focuses on the work that was done in Saccharomyces cerevisiae to articulate the checkpoint concept, to identify its players and the mechanisms of activation and deactivation.
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29
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Zhao Y, Li L, Wang X, He S, Shi W, Chen S. Temporal Proteomic and Phosphoproteomic Analysis of EV-A71-Infected Human Cells. J Proteome Res 2022; 21:2367-2384. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.2c00237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhao
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Proteomics Center, National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Lin Li
- Proteomics Center, National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xinhui Wang
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology Regulatory Elements, Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, Jiangsu, China
- Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sudan He
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology Regulatory Elements, Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, Jiangsu, China
- Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weifeng Shi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, Jiangsu, China
| | - She Chen
- Proteomics Center, National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
- Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102206, China
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30
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Yuan H, Yan M, Liang X, Liu W, He S, Sun S, Zhang X, Lan Y. Decoding the associations between cell functional states in head and neck cancer based on single-cell transcriptome. Oral Oncol 2022; 134:106110. [PMID: 36087501 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2022.106110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Systematically identifying cancer cell functional states, especially their associations, is key to understanding the pathogenesis of cancers. MATERIALS AND METHODS Here, we systematically identified six cancer-related states, including epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), immune response, epithelial differentiation, stress, G1/S and G2/M phases, in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) based on single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION We defined the association patterns between these functional states and found the patterns were correlated with the state activity. Particularly, immune response and EMT were negatively, positively, or non-significantly correlated in samples with the highest immune response activity, the lowest activity of the two states, or with the highest EMT activity, respectively. Combining scRNA-seq data of immune cells and four independent HNSCC cohorts, we found the negative relationship between EMT and immune response was correlated with an activated immune microenvironment and a longer survival, while the non-significant relationship was correlated with an immunosuppressed microenvironment and a poor prognosis. Collectively, our results provide insight into the association patterns between functional states in HNSCC, and may facilitate the elucidation of the interactions between cancer cells and immune system during cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huating Yuan
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China; Bioinformatics and BioMedical Bigdata Mining Laboratory, School of Big Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Min Yan
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xin Liang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Wei Liu
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shengyuan He
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shangqin Sun
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yujia Lan
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
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Yousuf M, Shamsi A, Khan S, Khan P, Shahwan M, Elasbali AM, Haque QMR, Hassan MI. Naringenin as a potential inhibitor of human cyclin-dependent kinase 6: Molecular and structural insights into anti-cancer therapeutics. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 213:944-954. [PMID: 35690164 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the major causes of global deaths and needs immediate therapeutic development. So far, several strategies have been undertaken to prevent cancer, including kinase targeting by small-molecule inhibitors. Cyclin dependent kinase 6 (CDK6) plays an essential role in cancer progression and development as its overexpression is associated with tumor development and progression. The present study demonstrated that Naringenin (NAG) binds strongly to CDK6 with a binding affinity of -7.51 kcal/mol. ATPase assay of CDK6 in the presence of NAG shows that it inhibits CDK6 with an IC50 = 3.13 μM. Fluorescence and isothermal titration calorimetry studies demonstrated that NAG binds to CDK6 with the binding constant (K) values of 3.55 × 106 M-1 and 7.06 ± 2.70 × 106 M-1, respectively. The cell-based functional studies showed that NAG decreases the cell viability of human cancer cell lines, induces apoptosis, and reduces their colonization ability. Outcomes of the present in silico and in vitro studies highlighted the significance of NAG for the development of anti-cancer leads in terms of CDK6 inhibitors and provided future implications for combinatorial anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Yousuf
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Anas Shamsi
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Shama Khan
- Vaccines and Infectious Disease Analytics (VIDA), University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Parvez Khan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Moyad Shahwan
- Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abdelbaset Mohamed Elasbali
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Sciences-Qurayyat, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Benghazi, Benghazi-Libya.
| | | | - Md Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India.
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Cellular Stress and Senescence Induction during Trypanosoma cruzi Infection. Trop Med Infect Dis 2022; 7:tropicalmed7070129. [PMID: 35878141 PMCID: PMC9323233 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed7070129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease (CD) is a neglected tropical disease caused by Trypanosoma cruzi infection that, despite being discovered over a century ago, remains a public health problem, mainly in developing countries. Since T. cruzi can infect a wide range of mammalian host cells, parasite–host interactions may be critical to infection outcome. The intense immune stimulation that helps the control of the parasite’s replication and dissemination may also be linked with the pathogenesis and symptomatology worsening. Here, we discuss the findings that support the notion that excessive immune system stimulation driven by parasite persistence might elicit a progressive loss and collapse of immune functions. In this context, cellular stress and inflammatory responses elicited by T. cruzi induce fibroblast and other immune cell senescence phenotypes that may compromise the host’s capacity to control the magnitude of T. cruzi-induced inflammation, contributing to parasite persistence and CD progression. A better understanding of the steps involved in the induction of this chronic inflammatory status, which disables host defense capacity, providing an extra advantage to the parasite and predisposing infected hosts prematurely to immunosenescence, may provide insights to designing and developing novel therapeutic approaches to prevent and treat Chagas disease.
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Feng Y, Zhang Y, Li J, Omran RP, Whiteway M, Feng J. Transcriptional Profiling of the Candida albicans Response to the DNA Damage Agent Methyl Methanesulfonate. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147555. [PMID: 35886903 PMCID: PMC9317300 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The infection of a mammalian host by the pathogenic fungus Candida albicans involves fungal resistance to reactive oxygen species (ROS)—induced DNA damage stress generated by the defending macrophages or neutrophils. Thus, the DNA damage response in C. albicans may contribute to its pathogenicity. Uncovering the transcriptional changes triggered by the DNA damage—inducing agent MMS in many model organisms has enhanced the understanding of their DNA damage response processes. However, the transcriptional regulation triggered by MMS remains unclear in C. albicans. Here, we explored the global transcription profile in response to MMS in C. albicans and identified 306 defined genes whose transcription was significantly affected by MMS. Only a few MMS-responsive genes, such as MGT1, DDR48, MAG1, and RAD7, showed potential roles in DNA repair. GO term analysis revealed that a large number of induced genes were involved in antioxidation responses, and some downregulated genes were involved in nucleosome packing and IMP biosynthesis. Nevertheless, phenotypic assays revealed that MMS-induced antioxidation gene CAP1 and glutathione metabolism genes GST2 and GST3 showed no direct roles in MMS resistance. Furthermore, the altered transcription of several MMS—responsive genes exhibited RAD53—related regulation. Intriguingly, the transcription profile in response to MMS in C. albicans shared a limited similarity with the pattern in S. cerevisiae, including COX17, PRI2, and MGT1. Overall, C. albicans cells exhibit global transcriptional changes to the DNA damage agent MMS; these findings improve our understanding of this pathogen’s DNA damage response pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Feng
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226007, China; (Y.F.); (Y.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226007, China; (Y.F.); (Y.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226007, China; (Y.F.); (Y.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Raha Parvizi Omran
- Biology Department, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada; (R.P.O.); (M.W.)
| | - Malcolm Whiteway
- Biology Department, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada; (R.P.O.); (M.W.)
| | - Jinrong Feng
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226007, China; (Y.F.); (Y.Z.); (J.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-513-85051746
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Protective Effect of Follicle-Stimulating Hormone on DNA Damage of Chicken Follicular Granulosa Cells by Inhibiting CHK2/p53. Cells 2022; 11:cells11081291. [PMID: 35455970 PMCID: PMC9031212 DOI: 10.3390/cells11081291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The increase in follicular atresia and the decrease in the fecundity of laying hens occur with the aging process. Therefore, the key measure for maintaining high laying performance is to alleviate follicular atresia in the aging poultry. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), as an important pituitary hormone to promote follicle development and maturation, plays an important role in preventing reproductive aging in diverse animals. In this study, the physiological state of the prehierarchical small white follicles (SWFs) and atretic SWFs (ASWFs) were compared, followed by an exploration of the possible capacity of FSH to delay ASWFs’ progression in the hens. The results showed that the DNA damage within follicles increased with aging, along with Golgi complex disintegration, cell cycle arrest, increased apoptosis and autophagy in the ASWFs. Subsequently, the ACNU-induced follicular atresia model was established to evaluate the enhancing capacity of FSH on increasing cell proliferation and attenuating apoptosis in ASWFs. FSH inhibited DNA damage and promoted DNA repair by regulating the CHK2/p53 pathway. Furthermore, FSH inhibited CHK2/p53, thus, suppressing the disintegration of the Golgi complex, cell cycle arrest, and increased autophagy in the atretic follicles. Moreover, these effects from FSH treatment in ACNU-induced granulosa cells were similar to the treatment by a DNA repair agent AV-153. These results indicate that FSH protects aging-resulted DNA damage in granulosa cells by inhibiting CHK2/p53 in chicken prehierarchical follicles.
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Bakloushinskaya I. Chromosome Changes in Soma and Germ Line: Heritability and Evolutionary Outcome. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13040602. [PMID: 35456408 PMCID: PMC9029507 DOI: 10.3390/genes13040602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The origin and inheritance of chromosome changes provide the essential foundation for natural selection and evolution. The evolutionary fate of chromosome changes depends on the place and time of their emergence and is controlled by checkpoints in mitosis and meiosis. Estimating whether the altered genome can be passed to subsequent generations should be central when we consider a particular genome rearrangement. Through comparative analysis of chromosome rearrangements in soma and germ line, the potential impact of macromutations such as chromothripsis or chromoplexy appears to be fascinating. What happens with chromosomes during the early development, and which alterations lead to mosaicism are other poorly studied but undoubtedly essential issues. The evolutionary impact can be gained most effectively through chromosome rearrangements arising in male meiosis I and in female meiosis II, which are the last divisions following fertilization. The diversity of genome organization has unique features in distinct animals; the chromosome changes, their internal relations, and some factors safeguarding genome maintenance in generations under natural selection were considered for mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Bakloushinskaya
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia
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36
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Long ZJ, Wang JD, Xu JQ, Lei XX, Liu Q. cGAS/STING cross-talks with cell cycle and potentiates cancer immunotherapy. Mol Ther 2022; 30:1006-1017. [PMID: 35121107 PMCID: PMC8899703 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The correct duplication and transfer of genetic material to daughter cells is the major event of cell division. Dysfunction of DNA replication or chromosome segregation presents challenges in cancer initiation and development as well as opportunities for cancer treatment. Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) of the innate immune system detects cytoplasmic DNA and mediates downstream immune responses through the molecule stimulator of interferon genes (STING). However, how cytosolic DNA sensor cGAS participates in guaranteeing accurate cell division and preventing tumorigenesis is still unclear. Recent evidence indicates malfunction of cGAS/STING pathway in cancer progression. Cell cycle-targeted therapy synergizes with immunotherapy via cGAS/STING activation, leading to promising therapeutic benefit. Here, we review the interactions between cell cycle regulation and cGAS/STING signaling, thus enabling us to understand the role of cGAS/STING in cancer initiation, development, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Jie Long
- Department of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou 510630, China; Institute of Hematology, Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou 510630, China.
| | - Jun-Dan Wang
- Department of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou 510630, China,Institute of Hematology, Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Jue-Qiong Xu
- Department of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou 510630, China,Institute of Hematology, Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Xin-Xing Lei
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou 510060, China,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Quentin Liu
- Department of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou 510630, China; Institute of Hematology, Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou 510630, China; Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou 510060, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou 510060, China.
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Almuzaini N, Moore M, Robert-Guroff M, Thomas MA. Disruption of NBS1/MRN Complex Formation by E4orf3 Supports NF-κB That Licenses E1B55K-Deleted Adenovirus-Infected Cells to Accumulate DNA>4n. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0188121. [PMID: 35019694 PMCID: PMC8754114 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01881-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells increase their DNA content greater than the G2/M (DNA > 4n) phases along the path to cancer. The signals that support this increase in DNA content remain poorly understood. Cells infected with adenovirus (Ad) similarly develop DNA > 4n and share a need to bypass the DNA damage response (DDR) signals that trigger cell cycle arrest, and/or cell death. Ads with deletion in early region 1B55K (ΔE1B Ad) are oncolytic agents that are currently being explored for use in vaccine delivery. Interestingly, they promote higher levels of DNA > 4n than Ads that contain E1B55K. Existing in these and almost all Ads that are being explored for clinical use, is early region 4 (E4). The Ad E4 open reading frame 3 (E4orf3) is a viral oncogene that interferes with the ability of cells to respond to DNA damage by disrupting MRN complex formation. Our study reveals that E4orf3 is required for the enhanced fraction of ΔE1B Ad-infected cells with DNA > 4n. For that reason, we explored signaling events mediated by E4orf3. We found that in ΔE1B Ad-infected cells, E4orf3, as reported by others, isolates NBS1 in nuclear dots and tracks. This allows for elevated levels of phosphorylated ATM that is linked to transcriptionally active NF-κB. Pharmacological inhibition of NF-κB reduced the fraction of ΔE1B Ad-infected cells with DNA > 4n while pharmacological inhibition of ATM reduced the levels of nuclear NF-κB and the fraction of ΔE1B Ad-infected cells with DNA > 4n and increased the fraction of dead or dying cells with fragmented DNA. This ability of E4orf3 to disrupt MRN complex formation that allows cells to bypass the cell cycle, evade death, and accumulate DNA > 4n, may be linked to its oncogenic potential. IMPORTANCE Genome instability, a hallmark of cancer, exists as part of a cycle that leads to DNA damage and DNA > 4n that further enhances genome instability. Ad E4orf3 is a viral oncogene. Here, we describe E4orf3 mediated signaling events that support DNA > 4n in ΔE1B Ad-infected cells. These signaling events may be linked to the oncogenic potential of E4orf3 and may provide a basis for how some cells survive with DNA > 4n.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nujud Almuzaini
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Howard University, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Madison Moore
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Howard University, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Marjorie Robert-Guroff
- Section on Immune Biology of Retroviral Infection, Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael A. Thomas
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Howard University, Washington, D.C., USA
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Han SK, Herrmann A, Yang J, Iwasaki R, Sakamoto T, Desvoyes B, Kimura S, Gutierrez C, Kim ED, Torii KU. Deceleration of the cell cycle underpins a switch from proliferative to terminal divisions in plant stomatal lineage. Dev Cell 2022; 57:569-582.e6. [PMID: 35148836 PMCID: PMC8926846 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Differentiation of specialized cell types requires precise cell-cycle control. Plant stomata are generated through asymmetric divisions of a stem-cell-like precursor followed by a single symmetric division that creates paired guard cells surrounding a pore. The stomatal-lineage-specific transcription factor MUTE terminates the asymmetric divisions and commits to differentiation. However, the role of cell-cycle machineries in this transition remains unknown. We discover that the symmetric division is slower than the asymmetric division in Arabidopsis. We identify a plant-specific cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, SIAMESE-RELATED4 (SMR4), as a MUTE-induced molecular brake that decelerates the cell cycle. SMR4 physically and functionally associates with CYCD3;1 and extends the G1 phase of asymmetric divisions. By contrast, SMR4 fails to interact with CYCD5;1, a MUTE-induced G1 cyclin, and permits the symmetric division. Our work unravels a molecular framework of the proliferation-to-differentiation switch within the stomatal lineage and suggests that a timely proliferative cell cycle is critical for stomatal-lineage identity. During stomatal differentiation, asymmetric divisions are faster than terminal divisions Upon commitment to differentiation, MUTE induces the cell-cycle inhibitor SMR4 SMR4 decelerates the asymmetric cell division cycle via selective binding to cyclin D Regulating duration of the G1 phase is critical for epidermal cell fate specification
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon-Ki Han
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan; Institute for Advanced Research (IAR), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Arvid Herrmann
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Jiyuan Yang
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Rie Iwasaki
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Sakamoto
- Department of Industrial Life Sciences and Center for Plant Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
| | - Bénédicte Desvoyes
- Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa, Nicolas Cabrera 1, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Seisuke Kimura
- Department of Industrial Life Sciences and Center for Plant Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
| | - Crisanto Gutierrez
- Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa, Nicolas Cabrera 1, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eun-Deok Kim
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Keiko U Torii
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
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Pivotal role of PIM2 kinase in plasmablast generation and plasma cell survival, opening new treatment options in myeloma. Blood 2022; 139:2316-2337. [PMID: 35108359 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021014011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The differentiation of B cells into plasmablasts (PBs) and then plasma cells (PCs) is associated with extensive cell reprogramming and new cell functions. By using specific inhibition strategies (including a novel morpholino RNA antisense approach), we found that early, sustained upregulation of the proviral integrations of Moloney virus 2 (PIM2) kinase is a pivotal event during human B cell in vitro differentiation and then continues in mature normal and malignant PCs in the bone marrow. In particular, PIM2 sustained the G1/S transition by acting on CDC25A and p27Kip1 and hindering caspase 3-driven apoptosis through BAD phosphorylation and cytoplasmic stabilization of p21Cip1. In PCs, interleukin-6 triggered PIM2 expression, resulting in anti-apoptotic effects on which malignant PCs were particularly dependent. In multiple myeloma, pan-PIM and MCL1 inhibitors displayed synergistic activity. Our results highlight a cell-autonomous function that links kinase activity to the PBs' newly acquired secretion ability and the adaptability observed in both normal and malignant PCs, and finally should prompt the reconsideration of PIM2 as a therapeutic target in multiple myeloma.
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Li Y, Li Y, Zhang J, Ji L, Li M, Sun X, Feng H, Yu Z, Gao Y. Current Perspective of Traditional Chinese Medicines and Active Ingredients in the Therapy of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2022; 9:41-56. [PMID: 35178363 PMCID: PMC8843800 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s346047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading lethal tumors worldwide, and the treatment remains a great medical challenge. Surgery and chemotherapy are current standard curative methods for patients with HCC, but the prognosis is still dismal. Based on unique medical theories and rich practical experience, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been broadly employed to effectively treat HCC for a long history. Recently, systematic clinical trials have been well designed to study the efficacy of TCMs in the treatment of HCC, and the underlying antitumor mechanisms were also deeply explored. Here, we reviewed the published clinical evaluation of some commonly used TCMs in the treatment of HCC, and the related anti-HCC mechanisms through in vitro and in vivo study, promoting the modernization of TCM study in oncology for achieving a substantial reduction of HCC burden in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyao Li
- Institute of Infectious Disease, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Li
- Institute of Infectious Disease, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinghao Zhang
- Department of Liver Disease, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Longshan Ji
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunity, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Man Li
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunity, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuehua Sun
- Department of Liver Disease, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hai Feng
- Institute of Infectious Disease, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhuo Yu
- Department of Liver Disease, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Zhuo Yu; Yueqiu Gao, Department of Liver Disease, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 528 Zhangheng Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201203, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 21 2025 6507, Fax +86 21 20256699, Email ;
| | - Yueqiu Gao
- Institute of Infectious Disease, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Liver Disease, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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Mallucci L, Wells V. Intrinsic S phase checkpoint enforced by an antiproliferative oncosuppressor cytokine. Cancer Gene Ther 2022; 29:897-900. [PMID: 34737438 PMCID: PMC9293749 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-021-00397-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The cell cycle is strictly programmed with control mechanisms that dictate order in cell cycle progression to ensure faithful DNA replication, whose deviance may lead to cancer. Checkpoint control at the G1/S, S/G2 and G2/M portals have been defined but no statutory time-programmed control for securing orderly transition through S phase has so far been identified. Here we report that in normal cells DNA synthesis is controlled by a checkpoint sited within the early part of S phase, enforced by the βGBP cytokine an antiproliferative molecule otherwise known for its oncosuppressor properties that normal cells constitutively produce for self-regulation. Suppression of active Ras and active MAPK, block of cyclin A gene expression and suppression of CDK2-cyclin A activity are events which while specific to the control of a cell cycle phase in normal cells are part of the apoptotic network in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livio Mallucci
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guy’s Campus, London, SE1 1UL UK
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Li J, Cui P, Sun Q, Du Z, Chen Z, Li Z, Liu C, Cao Y, Yang Z, Liu R, Luo M. PSPC1 regulates CHK1 phosphorylation through phase separation and participates in mouse oocyte maturation. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2021; 53:1527-1537. [PMID: 34490876 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmab123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) underlies the formation of membraneless compartments in mammal cells. However, there are few reports that focus on the correlation of mouse oocyte maturation with LLPS. Previous studies have reported that paraspeckle component 1 (PSPC1) is related to the occurrence and development of tumors, but whether PSPC1 functions in mouse oocyte maturation is still unclear. Sequence analysis of PSPC1 protein showed that it contains a prion-like domain (PrLD) that is required for phase separation of proteins. In this study, we found that PSPC1 could undergo phase separation. Moreover, the loss of PrLD domain of PSPC1 could greatly weaken its phase separation ability. The immunofluorescence assays showed that PSPC1 is present in mouse oocytes in the germinal vesicle (GV) stage. Knockdown of PSPC1 significantly impeded the maturation of mouse oocytes in vitro. CHK1 has been reported to play important roles in the GV stage of mouse oocytes. Co-IP experiment revealed that PSPC1 could interact with phosphatase serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 5 (PPP5C), which regulates CHK1 phosphorylation. Western blot analysis revealed that PSPC1 could regulate the phosphorylation of CHK1 through PPP5C; however, PSPC1 without PrLD domain was inactive, suggesting that the lack of phase separation ability led to the abnormal function of PSPC1 in regulating CHK1 phosphorylation. Thus, we conclude that PSPC1 may undergo phase separation to regulate the phosphorylation level of CHK1 via PPP5C and participate in mouse oocyte maturation. Our study provides new insights into the mechanism of mouse oocyte maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiong Li
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Department of Tissue and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Peng Cui
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Department of Tissue and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Qi Sun
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Department of Tissue and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Ziye Du
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Department of Tissue and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Department of Tissue and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Zejia Li
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Department of Tissue and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Cong Liu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Department of Tissue and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Yuming Cao
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Department of Tissue and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Zhe Yang
- College of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Rong Liu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Department of Tissue and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Mengcheng Luo
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Department of Tissue and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430062, China
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Diori Karidio I, Sanlier SH. Reviewing cancer's biology: an eclectic approach. J Egypt Natl Canc Inst 2021; 33:32. [PMID: 34719756 DOI: 10.1186/s43046-021-00088-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer refers to a group of some of the worldwide most diagnosed and deadliest pathophysiological conditions that conquered researchers' attention for decades and yet begs for more questions for a full comprehension of its complex cellular and molecular pathology. MAIN BODY The disease conditions are commonly characterized by unrestricted cell proliferation and dysfunctional replicative senescence pathways. In fact, the cell cycle operates under the rigorous control of complex signaling pathways involving cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases assumed to be specific to each phase of the cycle. At each of these checkpoints, the cell is checked essentially for its DNA integrity. Genetic defects observed in these molecules (i.e., cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases) are common features of cancer cells. Nevertheless, each cancer is different concerning its molecular and cellular etiology. These could range from the genetic defects mechanisms and/or the environmental conditions favoring epigenetically harbored homeostasis driving tumorigenesis alongside with the intratumoral heterogeneity with respect to the model that the tumor follows. CONCLUSIONS This review is not meant to be an exhaustive interpretation of carcinogenesis but to summarize some basic features of the molecular etiology of cancer and the intratumoral heterogeneity models that eventually bolster anticancer drug resistance for a more efficient design of drug targeting the pitfalls of the models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Diori Karidio
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, E Block, Ege University, Erzene Mahallesi, Bornova, 35040, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Senay Hamarat Sanlier
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, E Block, Ege University, Erzene Mahallesi, Bornova, 35040, Izmir, Turkey.,ARGEFAR, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Bornova, 35040, Izmir, Turkey
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Lebenzon JE, Torson AS, Sinclair BJ. Diapause differentially modulates the transcriptomes of fat body and flight muscle in the Colorado potato beetle. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2021; 40:100906. [PMID: 34509173 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2021.100906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Many temperate insects, such as the Colorado potato beetle, enter diapause in winter, during which they arrest their development, suppress their metabolic rate and have high stress tolerance. Diapause phenotypes can be transcriptionally regulated, however many studies to date report only whole animal gene expression rather than tissue-specific processes during diapause. We used RNA-seq to measure gene expression in fat body and flight muscle of diapausing and non-diapausing beetles. We used differential expression and GO enrichment analyses to evaluate longstanding hypotheses about the mechanisms that drive arrested development, changes in energy metabolism, and increased stress tolerance during diapause. We found evidence of G2/M cell cycle arrest, juvenile hormone catabolism, increased antioxidant metabolism, epigenetic modification, transposable element regulation, and cytoskeletal remodeling in both the fat body and flight muscle of diapausing beetles. Beetles differentially modulated the fat body and flight muscle transcriptomes during diapause with fat body playing a larger role in the hypoxia response and immunity, whereas flight muscle had higher abundance of transcripts related to the chaperone response and proteostasis. Our transcriptome provides evidence for distinct roles and responses of fat body and flight muscle during diapause in the Colorado potato beetle, and we provide testable hypotheses for biological processes that appear to drive diapause phenotypes in insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline E Lebenzon
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street N, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada.
| | - Alex S Torson
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street N, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada.
| | - Brent J Sinclair
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street N, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada.
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Dang F, Nie L, Zhou J, Shimizu K, Chu C, Wu Z, Fassl A, Ke S, Wang Y, Zhang J, Zhang T, Tu Z, Inuzuka H, Sicinski P, Bass AJ, Wei W. Inhibition of CK1ε potentiates the therapeutic efficacy of CDK4/6 inhibitor in breast cancer. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5386. [PMID: 34508104 PMCID: PMC8433397 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25700-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Although inhibitors targeting CDK4/6 kinases (CDK4/6i) have shown promising clinical prospect in treating ER+/HER2- breast cancers, acquired drug resistance is frequently observed and mechanistic knowledge is needed to harness their full clinical potential. Here, we report that inhibition of CDK4/6 promotes βTrCP1-mediated ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of RB1, and facilitates SP1-mediated CDK6 transcriptional activation. Intriguingly, suppression of CK1ε not only efficiently prevents RB1 from degradation, but also prevents CDK4/6i-induced CDK6 upregulation by modulating SP1 protein stability, thereby enhancing CDK4/6i efficacy and overcoming resistance to CDK4/6i in vitro. Using xenograft and PDX models, we further demonstrate that combined inhibition of CK1ε and CDK4/6 results in marked suppression of tumor growth in vivo. Altogether, these results uncover the molecular mechanisms by which CDK4/6i treatment alters RB1 and CDK6 protein abundance, thereby driving the acquisition of CDK4/6i resistance. Importantly, we identify CK1ε as an effective target for potentiating the therapeutic efficacy of CDK4/6 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabin Dang
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Li Nie
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jin Zhou
- Department of Liver Surgery & Liver Transplantation, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kouhei Shimizu
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chen Chu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zhong Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Anne Fassl
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shizhong Ke
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yuangao Wang
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jinfang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zhenbo Tu
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hiroyuki Inuzuka
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Piotr Sicinski
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Adam J Bass
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Wenyi Wei
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Lin C, Ruan N, Li L, Chen Y, Hu X, Chen Y, Hu X, Zhang Y. FGF8-mediated signaling regulates tooth developmental pace during odontogenesis. J Genet Genomics 2021; 49:40-53. [PMID: 34500094 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2021.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The developing human and mouse teeth constitute an ideal model system to study the regulatory mechanism underlying organ growth control since their teeth share highly conserved and well-characterized developmental processes and their developmental tempo varies notably. In the current study, we manipulated heterogenous recombination between human and mouse dental tissues and demonstrate that the dental mesenchyme dominates the tooth developmental tempo and FGF8 could be a critical player during this developmental process. Forced activation of FGF8 signaling in the dental mesenchyme of mice promoted cell proliferation, prevented cell apoptosis via p38 and perhaps PI3K-Akt intracellular signaling, and impelled the transition of the cell cycle from G1- to S-phase in the tooth germ, resulting in the slowdown of the tooth developmental pace. Our results provide compelling evidence that extrinsic signals can profoundly affect tooth developmental tempo and the dental mesenchymal FGF8 could be a pivotal factor in controlling the developmental pace in a non-cell-autonomous manner during mammalian odontogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chensheng Lin
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology & Southern Center for Biomedical Research, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, P.R. China
| | - Ningsheng Ruan
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology & Southern Center for Biomedical Research, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, P.R. China
| | - Linjun Li
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology & Southern Center for Biomedical Research, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, P.R. China
| | - Yibin Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology & Southern Center for Biomedical Research, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxiao Hu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology & Southern Center for Biomedical Research, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, P.R. China
| | - YiPing Chen
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
| | - Xuefeng Hu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology & Southern Center for Biomedical Research, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, P.R. China.
| | - Yanding Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology & Southern Center for Biomedical Research, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, P.R. China.
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Landscape analysis of lncRNAs shows that DDX11-AS1 promotes cell-cycle progression in liver cancer through the PARP1/p53 axis. Cancer Lett 2021; 520:282-294. [PMID: 34371129 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Although long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in tumorigenesis, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Transcriptomic analysis of 33 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) samples revealed that the most enriched pathway for differentially expressed genes was related to the cell cycle process, where DDX11-AS1 is the most significant lncRNA. Upregulation of DDX11-AS1 expression through demethylation was significantly associated with a poor prognosis. Further mechanistic studies revealed that DDX11-AS1 promoted the growth of HCC by interacting with PARP1 through attenuating its binding to p53, leading to downregulated expression of p53 for inhibiting the transcription of downstream genes such as p21. Knockdown of DDX11-AS1 expression in xenograft mice using anti-DDX11-AS1 oligonucleotide suppressed liver tumor proliferation. These findings indicate that DDX11-AS1 plays a role in the development of liver cancer by affecting the cell cycle.
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48
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Ochoa R, Ortega-Pajares A, Castello FA, Serral F, Fernández Do Porto D, Villa-Pulgarin JA, Varela-M RE, Muskus C. Identification of Potential Kinase Inhibitors within the PI3K/AKT Pathway of Leishmania Species. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11071037. [PMID: 34356660 PMCID: PMC8301987 DOI: 10.3390/biom11071037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a public health disease that requires the development of more effective treatments and the identification of novel molecular targets. Since blocking the PI3K/AKT pathway has been successfully studied as an effective anticancer strategy for decades, we examined whether the same approach would also be feasible in Leishmania due to their high amount and diverse set of annotated proteins. Here, we used a best reciprocal hits protocol to identify potential protein kinase homologues in an annotated human PI3K/AKT pathway. We calculated their ligandibility based on available bioactivity data of the reported homologues and modelled their 3D structures to estimate the druggability of their binding pockets. The models were used to run a virtual screening method with molecular docking. We found and studied five protein kinases in five different Leishmania species, which are AKT, CDK, AMPK, mTOR and GSK3 homologues from the studied pathways. The compounds found for different enzymes and species were analysed and suggested as starting point scaffolds for the design of inhibitors. We studied the kinases’ participation in protein–protein interaction networks, and the potential deleterious effects, if inhibited, were supported with the literature. In the case of Leishmania GSK3, an inhibitor of its human counterpart, prioritized by our method, was validated in vitro to test its anti-Leishmania activity and indirectly infer the presence of the enzyme in the parasite. The analysis contributes to improving the knowledge about the presence of similar signalling pathways in Leishmania, as well as the discovery of compounds acting against any of these kinases as potential molecular targets in the parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Ochoa
- Programa de Estudio y Control de Enfermedades Tropicales PECET, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellín 050010, Colombia;
- Biophysics of Tropical Diseases Max Planck Tandem Group, University of Antioquia, Medellín 050010, Colombia
- Correspondence: (R.O.); (R.E.V.-M.)
| | - Amaya Ortega-Pajares
- Department of Medicine, The Peter Doherty Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia;
| | - Florencia A. Castello
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), IC-CONICET Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellon 2, Ciudad de Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina; (F.A.C.); (F.S.); (D.F.D.P.)
| | - Federico Serral
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), IC-CONICET Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellon 2, Ciudad de Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina; (F.A.C.); (F.S.); (D.F.D.P.)
| | - Darío Fernández Do Porto
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), IC-CONICET Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellon 2, Ciudad de Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina; (F.A.C.); (F.S.); (D.F.D.P.)
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellon 2, Ciudad de Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina
| | - Janny A. Villa-Pulgarin
- Grupo de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Corporación Universitaria Remington, Medellín 050034, Colombia;
| | - Rubén E. Varela-M
- Grupo de Investigación en Química y Biotecnología (QUIBIO), Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Santiago de Cali, Cali 760035, Colombia
- Correspondence: (R.O.); (R.E.V.-M.)
| | - Carlos Muskus
- Programa de Estudio y Control de Enfermedades Tropicales PECET, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellín 050010, Colombia;
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Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms of embryonic cell cycles is a central goal of developmental biology, as the regulation of the cell cycle must be closely coordinated with other events during early embryogenesis. Quantitative imaging approaches have recently begun to reveal how the cell cycle oscillator is controlled in space and time, and how it is integrated with mechanical signals to drive morphogenesis. Here, we discuss how the Drosophila embryo has served as an excellent model for addressing the molecular and physical mechanisms of embryonic cell cycles, with comparisons to other model systems to highlight conserved and species-specific mechanisms. We describe how the rapid cleavage divisions characteristic of most metazoan embryos require chemical waves and cytoplasmic flows to coordinate morphogenesis across the large expanse of the embryo. We also outline how, in the late cleavage divisions, the cell cycle is inter-regulated with the activation of gene expression to ensure a reliable maternal-to-zygotic transition. Finally, we discuss how precise transcriptional regulation of the timing of mitosis ensures that tissue morphogenesis and cell proliferation are tightly controlled during gastrulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefano Di Talia
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27705, USA
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50
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Sun Y, Liu Y, Ma X, Hu H. The Influence of Cell Cycle Regulation on Chemotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6923. [PMID: 34203270 PMCID: PMC8267727 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell cycle regulation is orchestrated by a complex network of interactions between proteins, enzymes, cytokines, and cell cycle signaling pathways, and is vital for cell proliferation, growth, and repair. The occurrence, development, and metastasis of tumors are closely related to the cell cycle. Cell cycle regulation can be synergistic with chemotherapy in two aspects: inhibition or promotion. The sensitivity of tumor cells to chemotherapeutic drugs can be improved with the cooperation of cell cycle regulation strategies. This review presented the mechanism of the commonly used chemotherapeutic drugs and the effect of the cell cycle on tumorigenesis and development, and the interaction between chemotherapy and cell cycle regulation in cancer treatment was briefly introduced. The current collaborative strategies of chemotherapy and cell cycle regulation are discussed in detail. Finally, we outline the challenges and perspectives about the improvement of combination strategies for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Sun
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; (Y.S.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; (Y.S.); (Y.L.)
| | - Xiaoli Ma
- Qingdao Institute of Measurement Technology, Qingdao 266000, China;
| | - Hao Hu
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; (Y.S.); (Y.L.)
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