1
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Ye Z, Shentu H, Zhou Q, Wu D, Li P, Gu Q. A novel bacteriocin against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, purified from Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ZFM9. Food Chem 2024; 451:139344. [PMID: 38663238 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
A novel bacteriocin, plantaricin ZFM9, was purified from Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ZFM9 using a combination of ammonium sulfate precipitation, XAD-2 macroporous resin, Sephadex G-50, Sephadex LH-20, and reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography. The molecular mass of plantaricin ZFM9 was 1151.606 Da, and the purity was 98.3%. Plantaricin ZFM9 has thermal stability (95.6% retention at 120 °C for 30 min), pH stability (pH ≤ 5), and sensitivity to the pepsin, trypsin, papain, and proteinase K. Plantaricin ZFM9 exhibited broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and notably inhibit methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus D48 (MRSA). According to the results of electron microscopy and fluorescence leakage assay, it was found that plantaricin ZFM9 caused damage to the cells membrane and leakage of the contents of S. aureus D48. In addition, Lipid II was not the anti-MRSA target of plantaricin ZFM9. This study underscores the potential of plantaricin ZFM9 for applications in the food field and biopharmaceuticals against MRSA infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongdu Ye
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Nutritional Health, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Huifei Shentu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Nutritional Health, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Qingqing Zhou
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Nutritional Health, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Danli Wu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Nutritional Health, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Ping Li
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Nutritional Health, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Qing Gu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Nutritional Health, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
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2
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da Silva Oliveira W, Teixeira CRV, Mantovani HC, Dolabella SS, Jain S, Barbosa AAT. Nisin variants: What makes them different and unique? Peptides 2024; 177:171220. [PMID: 38636811 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2024.171220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Nisin A is a lantibiotic bacteriocin typically produced by strains of Lactococcus lactis. This bacteriocin has been approved as a natural food preservative since the late 1980 s and shows antimicrobial activity against a range of food-borne spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms. The therapeutic potential of nisin A has also been explored increasingly both in human and veterinary medicine. Nisin has been shown to be effective in treating bovine mastitis, dental caries, cancer, and skin infections. Recently, it was demonstrated that nisin has an affinity for the same receptor used by SARS-CoV-2 to enter human cells and was proposed as a blocker of the viral infection. Several nisin variants produced by distinct bacterial strains or modified by bioengineering have been described since the discovery of nisin A. These variants present modifications in the peptide structure, biosynthesis, mode of action, and spectrum of activity. Given the importance of nisin for industrial and therapeutic applications, the objective of this study was to describe the characteristics of the nisin variants, highlighting the main differences between these molecules and their potential applications. This review will be useful to researchers interested in studying the specifics of nisin A and its variants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Silvio Santana Dolabella
- Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Parasitária, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | - Sona Jain
- Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | - Ana Andréa Teixeira Barbosa
- Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Parasitária, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil.
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3
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Todorov SD, Alves VF, Popov I, Weeks R, Pinto UM, Petrov N, Ivanova IV, Chikindas ML. Antimicrobial Compounds in Wine. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024; 16:763-783. [PMID: 37855943 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-023-10177-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Ipsum vinum est potestas et possession (wine itself is power and possession). Wine is a complex system that triggers multisensory cognitive stimuli. Wine and its consumption are thoroughly intertwined with the development of human society. The beverage was appreciated in many ancient mythologies and plays an essential part in Christianity and rituals to this day. Wine has been said to enlighten and inspire artists and has even been prohibited by law and some religions, but has nevertheless played a role in human civilizations since the beginning. Winemaking is also a prospering and economically important industry and a longtime symbol of status and luxury. In winemaking, the formation of the final product is influenced by several factors that contribute to the chemical and sensory complexity often associated with quality vintages. Factors such as terroir, climatic conditions, variety of the grape, all aspects of the winemaking process to the smallest details, including metabolic processes carried out by yeast and malolactic bacteria, and the conditions for the maturation and storage of the final product, up to, and even beyond the point of deciding to open the bottle and enjoy the wine. In conjunction with the empiric and scientific process of winemaking, different molecules with antibacterial activity can be identified in wine during the production process, and several of them are clearly present in the final product. Some of these antibacterial components are phytochemicals, such as flavonoids and phenolic compounds, that may be delivered to the final product (wine) as a part of the grape, a variety of potential additive compounds, or from the oak barrels or clay amphoras used during the maturation process. Others are produced by yeasts and malolactic bacteria and play a role not only in the moderation of the fermentation process but contributing to the microbiological safety and beneficial properties spectra of the final product. Lactic acid bacteria, responsible for conducting malolactic fermentation, contribute to the final balance of the wine but are also directly involved in the production of different compounds exhibiting antibacterial activity. Some examples of these compounds include bacteriocins (antibacterial peptides), diacetyl, organic acids, reuterin, hydrogen peroxide, and carbon dioxide. Major aspects of these different beneficial metabolites are the subject of discussion in this review with the aim of highlighting their beneficial functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetoslav Dimitrov Todorov
- ProBacLab, Laboratório de Microbiologia de Alimentos, Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição Experimental, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
- Food Research Center (FoRC), Laboratório de Microbiologia de Alimentos, Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição Experimental, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
- CISAS- Center for Research and Development in Agrifood Systems and Sustainability, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, 4900-347, Viana do Castelo, Portugal.
| | - Virginia Farias Alves
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), 74605-170, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Igor Popov
- Center for Agrobiotechnology, Don State Technical University, 344000, Gagarina Sq., 1, Rostov-On-Don, Russia
- Division of Immunobiology and Biomedicine, Center of Genetics and Life Sciences, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Olimpijskij av., 1, 354340, Federal Territory Sirius, Russia
| | - Richard Weeks
- Health Promoting Naturals Laboratory, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers State University, 65 Dudley Road, 08901, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Uelinton Manoel Pinto
- Food Research Center (FoRC), Laboratório de Microbiologia de Alimentos, Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição Experimental, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Nikolay Petrov
- Laboratory of Virology, New Bulgarian University, Montevideo str. 21, 1618, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Iskra Vitanova Ivanova
- Department of General and Industrial Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, 8, Bul. Dragan Tzankov, 1164, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Michael L Chikindas
- Center for Agrobiotechnology, Don State Technical University, 344000, Gagarina Sq., 1, Rostov-On-Don, Russia
- Health Promoting Naturals Laboratory, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers State University, 65 Dudley Road, 08901, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- Department of General Hygiene, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991, Moscow, Russia
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4
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Sheridan MS, Pandey P, Hansmann UHE. In Bacterial Membranes Lipid II Changes the Stability of Pores Formed by the Antimicrobial Peptide Nisin. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:4741-4750. [PMID: 38696215 PMCID: PMC11104519 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.4c01249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Resistance to available antibiotics poses a growing challenge to modern medicine, as this often disallows infections to be controlled. This problem can only be alleviated by the development of new drugs. Nisin, a natural lantibiotic with broad antimicrobial activity, has shown promise as a potential candidate for combating antibiotic-resistant bacteria. However, nisin is poorly soluble and barely stable at physiological pH, which despite attempts to address these issues through mutant design has restricted its use as an antibacterial drug. Therefore, gaining a deeper understanding of the antimicrobial effectiveness, which relies in part on its ability to form pores, is crucial for finding innovative ways to manage infections caused by resistant bacteria. Using large-scale molecular dynamics simulations, we find that the bacterial membrane-specific lipid II increases the stability of pores formed by nisin and that the interplay of nisin and lipid II reduces the overall integrity of bacterial membranes by changing the local thickness and viscosity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda S. Sheridan
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Preeti Pandey
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Ulrich H. E. Hansmann
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
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5
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Guo L, Stoffels K, Broos J, Kuipers OP. Engineering hybrid lantibiotics yields the highly stable and bacteriocidal peptide cerocin V. Microbiol Res 2024; 282:127640. [PMID: 38350171 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) show promise as alternatives to traditional antibiotics for treating drug-resistant infections. Their adaptability and diverse sequence possibilities allow for rational design by modulating physicochemical determinants to achieve desired biological properties, transforming them into peptides for potential new therapies. Nisin, one of the best-studied AMPs, is believed to have potential to be used as a therapeutic, particularly against antibiotic-resistant bacteria. However, its instability in physiological conditions limits its use in clinical applications and pharmaceutical development. Exploration of new natural variants of nisin has uncovered diverse properties using different domains. Shuffling peptide modules can fine-tune the chemical properties of these molecules, potentially enhancing stability while maintaining or improving antimicrobial activity. In this study, hybrid AMPs were created by combining domains from three unique nisin variants, i.e. nisin A, cesin and rombocin, leading to the identification of a promising variant, named cerocin A, which harbours only 25 amino acids compared to the typical 31-35 amino acid length of nisin. Cerocin A demonstrates potent antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), approaching that of nisin itself. Cerocin A's mode of action involves a dual mechanism through the combination of two domains, consisting of a small ring/domain (6 amino acids) from the C-terminal end of rombocin attached to the preceding peptide of cesin, changing it from a bacteriostatic to a bactericidal peptide. Further mutation studies identified a new variant, cerocin V, with significantly improved resistance against trypsin degradation, while maintaining high potency. Importantly, cerocin V showed no undesired toxic effects on human red blood cells and remained stable in human plasma. In conclusion, we demonstrate that peptide construction using domain engineering is an effective strategy for manipulating both biological and physicochemical aspects, leading to the creation of novel bioactive molecules with desired properties. These constructs are appealing candidates for further optimization and development as novel antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longcheng Guo
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Konstantin Stoffels
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jaap Broos
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Oscar P Kuipers
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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6
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Shimoda S, Ito J, Ando T, Tobe R, Nakagawa K, Yoneyama H. Identification of Genes Associated with Resistance to Persulcatusin, a Tick Defensin from Ixodes persulcatus. Microorganisms 2024; 12:412. [PMID: 38399816 PMCID: PMC10892762 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12020412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are present in a wide range of plants, animals, and microorganisms. Since AMPs are characterized by their effectiveness against emergent antibiotic-resistant bacteria, they are attracting attention as next-generation antimicrobial compounds that could solve the problem of drug-resistant bacteria. Persulcatusin (IP), an antibacterial peptide derived from the hard tick Ixodes persulcatus, shows high antibacterial activity against various Gram- positive bacteria as well as multidrug-resistant bacteria. However, reports on the antibacterial action and resistance mechanisms of IP are scarce. In this study, we spontaneously generated mutants showing increased a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of IP and analyzed their cross-resistance to other AMPs and antibiotics. We also used fluorescent probes to investigate the target of IP activity by evaluating IP-induced damage to the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane. Our findings suggest that the antimicrobial activity of IP on bacterial cytoplasmic membranes occurs via a mechanism of action different from that of known AMPs. Furthermore, we screened for mutants with high susceptibility to IP using a transposon mutant library and identified 16 genes involved in IP resistance. Our results indicate that IP, like other AMPs, depolarizes the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane, but it may also alter membrane structure and inhibit cell-wall synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Shimoda
- Laboratory of Animal Microbiology, Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1, Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-0845, Japan; (S.S.); (T.A.); (R.T.)
| | - Junya Ito
- Laboratory of Food and Biodynamic Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1, Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-0845, Japan; (J.I.); (K.N.)
| | - Tasuke Ando
- Laboratory of Animal Microbiology, Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1, Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-0845, Japan; (S.S.); (T.A.); (R.T.)
| | - Ryuta Tobe
- Laboratory of Animal Microbiology, Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1, Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-0845, Japan; (S.S.); (T.A.); (R.T.)
| | - Kiyotaka Nakagawa
- Laboratory of Food and Biodynamic Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1, Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-0845, Japan; (J.I.); (K.N.)
| | - Hiroshi Yoneyama
- Laboratory of Animal Microbiology, Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1, Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-0845, Japan; (S.S.); (T.A.); (R.T.)
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7
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Zhang ZJ, Wu C, Moreira R, Dorantes D, Pappas T, Sundararajan A, Lin H, Pamer EG, van der Donk WA. Activity of Gut-Derived Nisin-like Lantibiotics against Human Gut Pathogens and Commensals. ACS Chem Biol 2024; 19:357-369. [PMID: 38293740 PMCID: PMC10877564 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.3c00577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Recent advances in sequencing techniques unveiled the vast potential of ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs) encoded in microbiomes. Class I lantibiotics such as nisin A, widely used as a food preservative, have been investigated for their efficacy in killing pathogens. However, the impact of nisin and nisin-like class I lantibiotics on commensal bacteria residing in the human gut remains unclear. Here, we report six gut-derived class I lantibiotics that are close homologues of nisin, four of which are novel. We applied an improved lantibiotic expression platform to produce and purify these lantibiotics for antimicrobial assays. We determined their minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) against both Gram-positive human pathogens and gut commensals and profiled the lantibiotic resistance genes in these pathogens and commensals. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies with analogs revealed key regions and residues that impact their antimicrobial properties. Our characterization and SAR studies of nisin-like lantibiotics against both pathogens and human gut commensals could shed light on the future development of lantibiotic-based therapeutics and food preservatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenrun J. Zhang
- Duchossois
Family Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Department
of Microbiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Chunyu Wu
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Illinois
at Urbana—Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Ryan Moreira
- Department
of Chemistry, The Howard Hughes Medical
Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana—Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Darian Dorantes
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Illinois
at Urbana—Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Téa Pappas
- Duchossois
Family Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Anitha Sundararajan
- Duchossois
Family Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Huaiying Lin
- Duchossois
Family Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Eric G. Pamer
- Duchossois
Family Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Departments
of Medicine and Pathology, University of
Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Wilfred A. van der Donk
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Illinois
at Urbana—Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, The Howard Hughes Medical
Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana—Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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8
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Arbulu S, Kjos M. Revisiting the Multifaceted Roles of Bacteriocins : The Multifaceted Roles of Bacteriocins. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2024; 87:41. [PMID: 38351266 PMCID: PMC10864542 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-024-02357-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Bacteriocins are gene-encoded antimicrobial peptides produced by bacteria. These peptides are heterogeneous in terms of structure, antimicrobial activities, biosynthetic clusters, and regulatory mechanisms. Bacteriocins are widespread in nature and may contribute to microbial diversity due to their capacity to target specific bacteria. Primarily studied as food preservatives and therapeutic agents, their function in natural settings is however less known. This review emphasizes the ecological significance of bacteriocins as multifunctional peptides by exploring bacteriocin distribution, mobility, and their impact on bacterial population dynamics and biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Arbulu
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway.
| | - Morten Kjos
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway.
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9
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Zhang ZJ, Cole C, Lin H, Wu C, Haro F, McSpadden E, van der Donk WA, Pamer EG. Exposure and resistance to lantibiotics impact microbiota composition and function. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.30.573728. [PMID: 38234830 PMCID: PMC10793476 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.30.573728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota is composed of hundreds of distinct microbial species that interact with each other and their mammalian host. Antibiotic exposure dramatically impacts microbiota compositions and leads to acquisition of antibiotic-resistance genes. Lantibiotics are ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides produced by some bacterial strains to inhibit the growth of competing bacteria. Nisin A is a lantibiotic produced by Lactococcus lactis that is commonly added to food products to reduce contamination with Gram-positive pathogens. Little is known, however, about lantibiotic-resistance of commensal bacteria inhabiting the human intestine. Herein, we demonstrate that Nisin A administration to mice alters fecal microbiome compositions and the concentration of taurine-conjugated primary bile acids. Lantibiotic Resistance System genes (LRS) are encoded by lantibiotic-producing bacterial strains but, we show, are also prevalent in microbiomes across human cohorts spanning vastly different lifestyles and 5 continents. Bacterial strains encoding LRS have enhanced in vivo fitness upon dietary exposure to Nisin A but reduced fitness in the absence of lantibiotic pressure. Differential binding of host derived, secreted IgA contributes to fitness discordance between bacterial strains encoding or lacking LRS. Although LRS are associated with mobile genetic elements, sequence comparisons of LRS encoded by distinct bacterial species suggest they have been long-term components of their respective genomes. Our study reveals the prevalence, abundance and physiologic significance of an underappreciated subset of antimicrobial resistance genes encoded by commensal bacterial species constituting the human gut microbiome, and provides insights that will guide development of microbiome augmenting strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenrun J Zhang
- Duchossois Family Institute, University of Chicago, 900 E. 57th St, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Microbiology, Biological Sciences Division, University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Ave, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Cody Cole
- Duchossois Family Institute, University of Chicago, 900 E. 57th St, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Microbiology, Biological Sciences Division, University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Ave, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Huaiying Lin
- Duchossois Family Institute, University of Chicago, 900 E. 57th St, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Chunyu Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, USA
| | - Fidel Haro
- Duchossois Family Institute, University of Chicago, 900 E. 57th St, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Emma McSpadden
- Duchossois Family Institute, University of Chicago, 900 E. 57th St, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Wilfred A van der Donk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, USA
| | - Eric G Pamer
- Duchossois Family Institute, University of Chicago, 900 E. 57th St, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases & Global Health, University of Chicago Medicine, 5841 South Maryland Ave, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Microbiology, Biological Sciences Division, University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Ave, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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10
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Has C, Das SL. The Functionality of Membrane-Inserting Proteins and Peptides: Curvature Sensing, Generation, and Pore Formation. J Membr Biol 2023; 256:343-372. [PMID: 37650909 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-023-00289-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Proteins and peptides with hydrophobic and amphiphilic segments are responsible for many biological functions. The sensing and generation of membrane curvature are the functions of several protein domains or motifs. While some specific membrane proteins play an essential role in controlling the curvature of distinct intracellular membranes, others participate in various cellular processes such as clathrin-mediated endocytosis, where several proteins sort themselves at the neck of the membrane bud. A few membrane-inserting proteins form nanopores that permeate selective ions and water to cross the membrane. In addition, many natural and synthetic small peptides and protein toxins disrupt the membrane by inducing nonspecific pores in the membrane. The pore formation causes cell death through the uncontrolled exchange between interior and exterior cellular contents. In this article, we discuss the insertion depth and orientation of protein/peptide helices, and their role as a sensor and inducer of membrane curvature as well as a pore former in the membrane. We anticipate that this extensive review will assist biophysicists to gain insight into curvature sensing, generation, and pore formation by membrane insertion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Has
- Department of Chemical Engineering, GSFC University, Vadodara, 391750, Gujarat, India.
| | - Sovan Lal Das
- Physical and Chemical Biology Laboratory and Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Palakkad, 678623, Kerala, India
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11
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Wu C, Lower BA, Moreira R, Dorantes D, Le T, Giurgiu C, Shi Y, van der Donk WA. Investigation into the mechanism of action of the antimicrobial peptide epilancin 15X. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1247222. [PMID: 38029153 PMCID: PMC10652874 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1247222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Addressing the current antibiotic-resistance challenge would be aided by the identification of compounds with novel mechanisms of action. Epilancin 15X, a lantibiotic produced by Staphylococcus epidermidis 15 × 154, displays antimicrobial activity in the submicromolar range against a subset of pathogenic Gram-positive bacteria. S. epidermidis is a common member of the human skin or mucosal microbiota. We here investigated the mechanism of action of epilancin 15X. The compound is bactericidal against Staphylococcus carnosus as well as Bacillus subtilis and appears to kill these bacteria by membrane disruption. Structure-activity relationship studies using engineered analogs show that its conserved positively charged residues and dehydroamino acids are important for bioactivity, but the N-terminal lactyl group is tolerant of changes. Epilancin 15X treatment negatively affects fatty acid synthesis, RNA translation, and DNA replication and transcription without affecting cell wall biosynthesis. The compound appears localized to the surface of bacteria and is most potent in disrupting the membranes of liposomes composed of negatively charged membrane lipids in a lipid II independent manner. Epilancin 15X does not elicit a LiaRS response in B. subtilis but did upregulate VraRS in S. carnosus. Treatment of S. carnosus or B. subtilis with epilancin 15X resulted in an aggregation phenotype in microscopy experiments. Collectively these studies provide new information on epilancin 15X activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
| | - B. Alexis Lower
- Department of Chemistry, The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
| | - Ryan Moreira
- Department of Chemistry, The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
| | - Darian Dorantes
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
| | - Tung Le
- Department of Chemistry, The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
| | - Constantin Giurgiu
- Department of Chemistry, The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
| | - Yanxiang Shi
- Department of Chemistry, The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
| | - Wilfred A. van der Donk
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
- Department of Chemistry, The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
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12
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Peng Z, Xiong T, Huang T, Xu X, Fan P, Qiao B, Xie M. Factors affecting production and effectiveness, performance improvement and mechanisms of action of bacteriocins as food preservative. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 63:12294-12307. [PMID: 35866501 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2100874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Modern society is increasingly attracted with safe, natural, and additive-free food products, that gives preference to bacteriocins produced by General Recognized as Safe bacteria as a food preservative. Bacteriocins have been reported to be effective in extending shelf life of diverse foods such as meats, dairy products, wine, juice, and fruits and vegetables, whereas commercialized bacteriocins remain only nisin, pediocin, and Micocin. It is important that commercialized preservatives undergo an easy-to-handle manufacturing while maintaining high efficacy. Limited application of bacteriocins is most often caused by the absence of legislatives for use, low production, high cost and complicated purification process, reduced efficiency in the complex food matrix and insufficiently defined mechanism of action. Accordingly, this review provides an overview of bacteriocins, in relation to production stimulation, general purification scheme, impact of food matrix on bacteriocin effectiveness, and collaborative technology to improve bacteriocin performances. It is worth to note that purification and performance improvement technology remain the two challenging tasks in promoting bacteriocins as a widely used bio-preservative. Furthermore, this review for the first time divides bacteriocin receptors into specific classes (class I, II, III) and nonspecific class, to provide a basis for an in-depth understanding of the mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Peng
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Tao Xiong
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Tao Huang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaoyan Xu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Pengrong Fan
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Baoling Qiao
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Mingyong Xie
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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13
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Savitskaya A, Masso-Silva J, Haddaoui I, Enany S. Exploring the arsenal of antimicrobial peptides: Mechanisms, diversity, and applications. Biochimie 2023; 214:216-227. [PMID: 37499896 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are essential for defence against pathogens in all living organisms and possessed activities against bacteria, fungi, viruses, parasites and even cancer cells. AMPs are short peptides containing 12-100 amino acids conferring a net positive charge and an amphiphilic property in most cases. Although, anionic AMPs also exist. AMPs can be classified based on the types of secondary structures, charge, hydrophobicity, amino acid composition, length, etc. Their mechanism of action usually includes a membrane disruption process through pore formation (three different models have been described, barrel-stave, toroidal or carpet model) but AMPs can also penetrate and impair intracellular functions. Besides their activity against pathogens, they have also shown immunomodulatory properties in complex scenarios through many different interactions. The aim of this review to summarize knowledge about AMP's and discuss the potential application of AMPs as therapeutics, the challenges due to their limitations, including their susceptibility to degradation, the potential generation of AMP resistance, cost, etc. We also discuss the current FDA-approved drugs based on AMPs and strategies to circumvent natural AMPs' limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Savitskaya
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Jorge Masso-Silva
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep Medicine and Physiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Imen Haddaoui
- National Research Institute of Rural Engineering, Water and Forestry, University of Carthage, LR Valorization of Unconventional Waters, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Shymaa Enany
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt; Biomedical Research Department, Armed Force College of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt.
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14
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Zhao C, Kuraji R, Ye C, Gao L, Radaic A, Kamarajan P, Taketani Y, Kapila YL. Nisin a probiotic bacteriocin mitigates brain microbiome dysbiosis and Alzheimer's disease-like neuroinflammation triggered by periodontal disease. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:228. [PMID: 37803465 PMCID: PMC10557354 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02915-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Periodontitis-related oral microbial dysbiosis is thought to contribute to Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuroinflammation and brain amyloid production. Since probiotics can modulate periodontitis/oral dysbiosis, this study examined the effects of a probiotic/lantibiotic, nisin, in modulating brain pathology triggered by periodontitis. METHODS A polymicrobial mouse model of periodontal disease was used to evaluate the effects of this disease on brain microbiome dysbiosis, neuroinflammation, Alzheimer's-related changes, and nisin's therapeutic potential in this context. RESULTS 16S sequencing and real-time PCR data revealed that Nisin treatment mitigated the changes in the brain microbiome composition, diversity, and community structure, and reduced the levels of periodontal pathogen DNA in the brain induced by periodontal disease. Nisin treatment significantly decreased the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (Interleukin-1β/IL-1 β, Interleukin 6/IL-6, and Tumor Necrosis Factor α/TNF-α) in the brain that were elevated by periodontal infection. In addition, the concentrations of amyloid-β 42 (Aβ42), total Tau, and Tau (pS199) (445.69 ± 120.03, 1420.85 ± 331.40, 137.20 ± 36.01) were significantly higher in the infection group compared to the control group (193.01 ± 31.82, 384.27 ± 363.93, 6.09 ± 10.85), respectively. Nisin treatment markedly reduced the Aβ42 (261.80 ± 52.50), total Tau (865.37 ± 304.93), and phosphorylated Tau (82.53 ± 15.77) deposition in the brain of the infection group. DISCUSSION Nisin abrogation of brain microbiome dysbiosis induces beneficial effects on AD-like pathogenic changes and neuroinflammation, and thereby may serve as a potential therapeutic for periodontal-dysbiosis-related AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanjiang Zhao
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Department of Periodontology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510050, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510050, China
| | - Ryutaro Kuraji
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Department of Periodontology, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, Tokyo, 102-8159, Japan
| | - Changchang Ye
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Department of Periodontology, West China School of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610093, China
| | - Li Gao
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Department of Periodontology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510050, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510050, China
| | - Allan Radaic
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Department of Biosystems and Function and Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
| | - Pachiyappan Kamarajan
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Department of Biosystems and Function and Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
| | - Yoshimasa Taketani
- Department of Biosystems and Function and Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Biology and Tissue Engineering, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Sakado, 350-0283, Japan
| | - Yvonne L Kapila
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
- Department of Biosystems and Function and Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA.
- Section of Biosystems and Function, Section of Periodontology, UCLA School of Dentistry, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Box 951668, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1668, USA.
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15
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Guo L, Wambui J, Wang C, Muchaamba F, Fernandez-Cantos MV, Broos J, Tasara T, Kuipers OP, Stephan R. Cesin, a short natural variant of nisin, displays potent antimicrobial activity against major pathogens despite lacking two C-terminal macrocycles. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0531922. [PMID: 37754751 PMCID: PMC10581189 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.05319-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Nisin is a widely used lantibiotic owing to its potent antimicrobial activity and its food-grade status. Its mode of action includes cell wall synthesis inhibition and pore formation, which are attributed to the lipid II binding and pore-forming domains, respectively. We discovered cesin, a short natural variant of nisin, produced by the psychrophilic anaerobe Clostridium estertheticum. Unlike other natural nisin variants, cesin lacks the two terminal macrocycles constituting the pore-forming domain. The current study aimed at heterologous expression and characterization of the antimicrobial activity and physicochemical properties of cesin. Following the successful heterologous expression of cesin in Lactococcus lactis, the lantibiotic demonstrated a broad and potent antimicrobial profile comparable to that of nisin. Determination of its mode of action using lipid II and lipoteichoic acid binding assays linked the potent antimicrobial activity to lipid II binding and electrostatic interactions with teichoic acids. Fluorescence microscopy showed that cesin lacks pore-forming ability in its natural form. Stability tests have shown the lantibiotic is highly stable at different pH values and temperature conditions, but that it can be degraded by trypsin. However, a bioengineered analog, cesin R15G, overcame the trypsin degradation, while keeping full antimicrobial activity. This study shows that cesin is a novel (small) nisin variant that efficiently kills target bacteria by inhibiting cell wall synthesis without pore formation. IMPORTANCE The current increase in antibiotic-resistant pathogens necessitates the discovery and application of novel antimicrobials. In this regard, we recently discovered cesin, which is a short natural variant of nisin produced by the psychrophilic Clostridium estertheticum. However, its suitability as an antimicrobial compound was in doubt due to its structural resemblance to nisin(1-22), a bioengineered short variant of nisin with low antimicrobial activity. Here, we show by heterologous expression, purification, and characterization that the potency of cesin is not only much higher than that of nisin(1-22), but that it is even comparable to the full-length nisin, despite lacking two C-terminal rings that are essential for nisin's activity. We show that cesin is a suitable scaffold for bioengineering to improve its applicability, such as resistance to trypsin. This study demonstrates the suitability of cesin for future application in food and/or for health as a potent and stable antimicrobial compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longcheng Guo
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Joseph Wambui
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Chenhui Wang
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Francis Muchaamba
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maria Victoria Fernandez-Cantos
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jaap Broos
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Taurai Tasara
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Oscar P. Kuipers
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Roger Stephan
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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16
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Khan F, Singh P, Joshi AS, Tabassum N, Jeong GJ, Bamunuarachchi NI, Mijakovic I, Kim YM. Multiple potential strategies for the application of nisin and derivatives. Crit Rev Microbiol 2023; 49:628-657. [PMID: 35997756 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2022.2112650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Nisin is a naturally occurring bioactive small peptide produced by Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis and belongs to the Type A (I) lantibiotics. Due to its potent antimicrobial activity, it has been broadly employed to preserve various food materials as well as to combat a variety of microbial pathogens. The present review discusses the antimicrobial properties of nisin and different types of their derivatives employed to treat microbial pathogens with a detailed underlying mechanism of action. Several alternative strategies such as combination, conjugation, and nanoformulations have been discussed in order to address several issues such as rapid degradation, instability, and reduced activity due to the various environmental factors that arise in the applications of nisin. Furthermore, the evolutionary relationship of many nisin genes from different nisin-producing bacterial species has been investigated. A detailed description of the natural and bioengineered nisin variants, as well as the underlying action mechanisms, has also been provided. The chemistry used to apply nisin in conjugation with natural or synthetic compounds as a synergetic mode of antimicrobial action has also been thoroughly discussed. The current review will be useful in learning about recent and past research that has been performed on nisin and its derivatives as antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazlurrahman Khan
- Marine Integrated Biomedical Technology Center, The National Key Research Institutes in Universities, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Priyanka Singh
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation, Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Abhayraj S Joshi
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation, Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Nazia Tabassum
- Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Geum-Jae Jeong
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Ivan Mijakovic
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation, Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
- Systems and Synthetic Biology Division, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Young-Mog Kim
- Marine Integrated Biomedical Technology Center, The National Key Research Institutes in Universities, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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17
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M N, Vincent O, Sarangi BR, Kumar B. Kinetics of Nisin-Induced Pore Formation in Giant Unilamellar Vesicles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:11231-11237. [PMID: 37526639 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c00515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
We have studied the kinetics of pore formation in giant unilamellar vesicles (GUV) with the antimicrobial peptide nisin. The role of charged lipid composition in the rate of pore formation by nisin in the vesicle membrane is investigated using fluorescence microscopy. We propose a model and obtain an analytical expression for the variation in the fluorescence intensity of a GUV as a function of time. We find that the analytical equation fits well to the experimental data, and the membrane surface potential can be estimated from the fit parameters. We further show that the formation of multiple pores on the vesicle membrane is affected by the charged lipid composition of the membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nithya M
- Department of Physics, Central University of Karnataka, Kadaganchi, Karnataka 585367, India
| | - Olivia Vincent
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Palakkad, Kerala 678623, India
| | - Bibhu Ranjan Sarangi
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Palakkad, Kerala 678623, India
- Department of Biological Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Palakkad, Kerala 678557, India
| | - Bharat Kumar
- Department of Physics, Central University of Karnataka, Kadaganchi, Karnataka 585367, India
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18
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Wang X, van Beekveld RAM, Xu Y, Parmar A, Das S, Singh I, Breukink E. Analyzing mechanisms of action of antimicrobial peptides on bacterial membranes requires multiple complimentary assays and different bacterial strains. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2023; 1865:184160. [PMID: 37100361 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2023.184160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) commonly target bacterial membranes and show broad-spectrum activity against microorganisms. In this research we used three AMPs (nisin, epilancin 15×, [R4L10]-teixobactin) and tested their membrane effects towards three strains (Staphylococcus simulans, Micrococcus flavus, Bacillus megaterium) in relation with their antibacterial activity. We describe fluorescence and luminescence-based assays to measure effects on membrane potential, intracellular pH, membrane permeabilization and intracellular ATP levels. The results show that our control peptide, nisin, performed mostly as expected in view of its targeted pore-forming activity, with fast killing kinetics that coincided with severe membrane permeabilization in all three strains. However, the mechanisms of action of both Epilancin 15× as well as [R4L10]-teixobactin appeared to depend strongly on the bacterium tested. In certain specific combinations of assay, peptide and bacterium, deviations from the general picture were observed. This was even the case for nisin, indicating the importance of using multiple assays and bacteria for mode of action studies to be able to draw proper conclusions on the mode of action of AMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Wang
- Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Roy A M van Beekveld
- Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Yang Xu
- Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Anish Parmar
- Antimicrobial Pharmacodynamics and Therapeutics, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, William Henry Duncan Building, 6 West Derby St, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK; Antimicrobial Drug Discovery and Development, Department of Chemistry, The Robert Robinson Laboratories, University of Liverpool, L69 3BX Liverpool, UK
| | - Sanjit Das
- Antimicrobial Pharmacodynamics and Therapeutics, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, William Henry Duncan Building, 6 West Derby St, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK; Antimicrobial Drug Discovery and Development, Department of Chemistry, The Robert Robinson Laboratories, University of Liverpool, L69 3BX Liverpool, UK
| | - Ishwar Singh
- Antimicrobial Pharmacodynamics and Therapeutics, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, William Henry Duncan Building, 6 West Derby St, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
| | - Eefjan Breukink
- Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiotechnology Research of China, the Zhejiang Gongshang University of China, Hangzhou, China.
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19
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Heinzinger LR, Pugh AR, Wagner JA, Otto M. Evaluating the Translational Potential of Bacteriocins as an Alternative Treatment for Staphylococcus aureus Infections in Animals and Humans. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1256. [PMID: 37627676 PMCID: PMC10451987 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12081256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance remains a global threat to human and animal health. Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic pathogen that causes minor to life-threatening infections. The widespread use of antibiotics in the clinical, veterinary, and agricultural setting combined with the increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant S. aureus strains makes it abundantly clear that alternatives to antibiotics are urgently needed. Bacteriocins represent one potential alternative therapeutic. They are antimicrobial peptides that are produced by bacteria that are generally nontoxic and have a relatively narrow target spectrum, and they leave many commensals and most mammalian cells unperturbed. Multiple studies involving bacteriocins (e.g., nisin, epidermicin, mersacidin, and lysostaphin) have demonstrated their efficacy at eliminating or treating a wide variety of S. aureus infections in animal models. This review provides a comprehensive and updated evaluation of animal studies involving bacteriocins and highlights their translational potential. The strengths and limitations associated with bacteriocin treatments compared with traditional antibiotic therapies are evaluated, and the challenges that are involved with implementing novel therapeutics are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Michael Otto
- Pathogen Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Bacteriology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; (L.R.H.); (A.R.P.); (J.A.W.)
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20
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Ioannou P, Baliou S, Kofteridis DP. Antimicrobial Peptides in Infectious Diseases and Beyond-A Narrative Review. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1651. [PMID: 37629508 PMCID: PMC10455936 DOI: 10.3390/life13081651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite recent medical research and clinical practice developments, the development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) significantly limits therapeutics for infectious diseases. Thus, novel treatments for infectious diseases, especially in this era of increasing AMR, are urgently needed. There is ongoing research on non-classical therapies for infectious diseases utilizing alternative antimicrobial mechanisms to fight pathogens, such as bacteriophages or antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). AMPs are evolutionarily conserved molecules naturally produced by several organisms, such as plants, insects, marine organisms, and mammals, aiming to protect the host by fighting pathogenic microorganisms. There is ongoing research regarding developing AMPs for clinical use in infectious diseases. Moreover, AMPs have several other non-medical applications in the food industry, such as preservatives, animal husbandry, plant protection, and aquaculture. This review focuses on AMPs, their origins, biology, structure, mechanisms of action, non-medical applications, and clinical applications in infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petros Ioannou
- School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
- Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Stella Baliou
- Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Diamantis P. Kofteridis
- School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
- Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Greece
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21
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Field D, Fernandez de Ullivarri M, Ross RP, Hill C. After a century of nisin research - where are we now? FEMS Microbiol Rev 2023; 47:fuad023. [PMID: 37300874 PMCID: PMC10257480 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuad023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
It is almost a century since nisin was discovered in fermented milk cultures, coincidentally in the same year that penicillin was first described. Over the last 100 years this small, highly modified pentacyclic peptide has not only found success in the food industry as a preservative but has also served as the paradigm for our understanding of the genetic organization, expression, and regulation of genes involved in lantibiotic biosynthesis-one of the few cases of extensive post-translation modification in prokaryotes. Recent developments in understanding the complex biosynthesis of nisin have shed light on the cellular location of the modification and transport machinery and the co-ordinated series of spatio-temporal events required to produce active nisin and provide resistance and immunity. The continued unearthing of new natural variants from within human and animal gastrointestinal tracts has sparked interest in the potential application of nisin to influence the microbiome, given the growing recognition of the role the gastrointestinal microbiota plays in health and disease. Moreover, interdisciplinary approaches have taken advantage of biotechnological advancements to bioengineer nisin to produce novel variants and expand nisin functionality for applications in the biomedical field. This review will discuss the latest progress in these aspects of nisin research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Des Field
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork,Western Road, Cork T12 YN60, Ireland
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, College Road, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland
| | | | - R Paul Ross
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork,Western Road, Cork T12 YN60, Ireland
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, College Road, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland
| | - Colin Hill
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork,Western Road, Cork T12 YN60, Ireland
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, College Road, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland
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22
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Wu J, Zang M, Wang S, Zhao B, Bai J, Xu C, Shi Y, Qiao X. Nisin: From a structural and meat preservation perspective. Food Microbiol 2023; 111:104207. [PMID: 36681394 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2022.104207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nisin is a posttranslationally modified antimicrobial peptide that is widely used as a food preservative. It contains five cyclic thioethers of varying sizes. Nisin activity and stability are closely related to its primary and three dimensional structures. It has nine reported natural variants. Nisin A is the most studied nisin as it was the first one purified. Here, we review the sequence feature of nisin A and its natural variants, and their biosynthesis pathway, mode of action and application as a meat preservative. We systematically illustrate the functional domains of the main enzymes (NisB, NisC, and NisP) involved in nisin synthesis. NisB was shown to dehydrate its substrate NisA via a tRNA associated glutamylation mechanism. NisC catalysed the cyclization of the didehydro amino acids with the neighboring cysteine residues. After cyclization, the leader peptide is removed by the protease NisP. According to multiple sequence alignments, we detected five conserved sites Dha5, Pro9, Gly14, Leu16, and Lys22. These residues are probably the structural and functional important ones that can be modified to produce peptides versions with enhanced antimicrobial activity. Through comparing various application methods of nisin in different meats, the antimicrobial effects of nisin used individually or in combination with other natural substances were clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Wu
- China Meat Research Center, Beijing Academy of Food Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Meat Processing Technology, 100068, Beijing, China
| | - Mingwu Zang
- China Meat Research Center, Beijing Academy of Food Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Meat Processing Technology, 100068, Beijing, China.
| | - Shouwei Wang
- China Meat Research Center, Beijing Academy of Food Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Meat Processing Technology, 100068, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Zhao
- China Meat Research Center, Beijing Academy of Food Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Meat Processing Technology, 100068, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Bai
- China Meat Research Center, Beijing Academy of Food Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Meat Processing Technology, 100068, Beijing, China
| | - Chenchen Xu
- China Meat Research Center, Beijing Academy of Food Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Meat Processing Technology, 100068, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxuan Shi
- China Meat Research Center, Beijing Academy of Food Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Meat Processing Technology, 100068, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoling Qiao
- China Meat Research Center, Beijing Academy of Food Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Meat Processing Technology, 100068, Beijing, China.
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23
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Antibacterial natural products from microbial and fungal sources: a decade of advances. Mol Divers 2023; 27:517-541. [PMID: 35301633 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-022-10417-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Throughout the ages the world has witnessed the outbreak of many infectious diseases. Emerging microbial diseases pose a serious threat to public health. Increasing resistance of microorganisms towards the existing drugs makes them ineffective. In fact, anti-microbial resistance is declared as one of the top public health threats by WHO. Hence, there is an urge for the discovery of novel antimicrobial drugs to combat with this challenge. Structural diversity and unique pharmacological effects make natural products a prime source of novel drugs. Staggeringly, in spite of its extensive biodiversity, a prominent portion of microorganism species remains unexplored for the identification of bioactives. Microorganisms are a predominant source of new chemical entities and there are remarkable number of antimicrobial drugs developed from it. In this review, we discuss the contributions of microorganism based natural products as effective antibacterial agents, studied during the period of 2010-2020. The review encompasses over 140 structures which are either natural products or semi-synthetic derivatives of microbial natural products. 65 of them are identified as newly discovered natural products. All the compounds discussed herein, have exhibited promising efficacy against various bacterial strains.
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24
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Knospe CV, Kamel M, Spitz O, Hoeppner A, Galle S, Reiners J, Kedrov A, Smits SHJ, Schmitt L. The structure of MadC from Clostridium maddingley reveals new insights into class I lanthipeptide cyclases. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1057217. [PMID: 36741885 PMCID: PMC9889658 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1057217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid emergence of microbial multi-resistance against antibiotics has led to intense search for alternatives. One of these alternatives are ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs), especially lantibiotics. They are active in a low nanomolar range and their high stability is due to the presence of characteristic (methyl-) lanthionine rings, which makes them promising candidates as bacteriocides. However, innate resistance against lantibiotics exists in nature, emphasizing the need for artificial or tailor-made lantibiotics. Obviously, such an approach requires an in-depth mechanistic understanding of the modification enzymes, which catalyze the formation of (methyl-)lanthionine rings. Here, we determined the structure of a class I cyclase (MadC), involved in the modification of maddinglicin (MadA) via X-ray crystallography at a resolution of 1.7 Å, revealing new insights about the structural composition of the catalytical site. These structural features and substrate binding were analyzed by mutational analyses of the leader peptide as well as of the cyclase, shedding light into the mode of action of MadC.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Vivien Knospe
- Institute of Biochemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael Kamel
- Synthetic Membrane Systems, Institute of Biochemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Olivia Spitz
- Institute of Biochemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Astrid Hoeppner
- Center for Structural Studies, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Stefanie Galle
- Center for Structural Studies, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jens Reiners
- Center for Structural Studies, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alexej Kedrov
- Synthetic Membrane Systems, Institute of Biochemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sander H. J. Smits
- Institute of Biochemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany,Center for Structural Studies, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lutz Schmitt
- Institute of Biochemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany,*Correspondence: Lutz Schmitt, ✉
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25
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Structure and Activity Relationships of the Two-Component Lantibiotic Bicereucin. ACS Infect Dis 2022; 8:2529-2539. [PMID: 36354217 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.2c00371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Identified from the pathogen Bacillus cereus SJ1, the two-component lantibiotic bicereucin is featured by the presence of a series of nonproteogenic amino acids and exhibits potent synergistic activity against a broad spectrum of Gram-positive bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant Enterococci, as well as hemolytic activity against mammalian cells. In this study, we performed site-directed mutagenesis on the nonproteogenic amino acids as well as truncation of dehydrobutyrine-rich N-terminal residues and evaluated the effects on both biological activities. We identified that D-Ala21 and D-Ala26 of Bsjα and D-Ala23 and D-Ala28 of Bsjβ play an essential role in the antimicrobial activity, while the N-termini of both peptides are important for both activities. We also determined that the integrity of both subunits is essential for hemolytic activity. Finally, we obtained two variants BsjαtS17A+Bsjβ and BsjαS30A+BsjβT19A, which retained the antimicrobial activity and exhibited greatly decreased hemolytic toxicity. Overall, our results provide a comprehensive understanding of the structure-activity relationships of bicereucin and insights into the mechanism of action thereof, facilitating the further exploration of the molecular basis of the binding receptor of bicereucin and genome mining of potential novel two-component lantibiotics.
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26
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Chernyshova DN, Tyulin AA, Ostroumova OS, Efimova SS. Discovery of the Potentiator of the Pore-Forming Ability of Lantibiotic Nisin: Perspectives for Anticancer Therapy. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12111166. [PMID: 36422158 PMCID: PMC9694817 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12111166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
This study was focused on the action of lantibiotic nisin on the phospholipid membranes. Nisin did not produce ion-permeable pores in the membranes composed of DOPC or DOPE. The introduction of DOPS into bilayer lipid composition led to a decrease in the threshold detergent concentration of nisin. An addition of nisin to DOPG- and TOCL-enriched bilayers caused the formation of well-defined ion pores of various conductances. The transmembrane macroscopic current increased with the second power of the lantibiotic aqueous concentration, suggesting that the dimer of nisin was at least involved in the formation of conductive subunit. The pore-forming ability of lantibiotic decreased in the series: DOPC/TOCL ≈ DOPE/TOCL >> DOPC/DOPG ≥ DOPE/DOPG. The preferential interaction of nisin to cardiolipin-enriched bilayers might explain its antitumor activity by pore-formation in mitochondrial membranes. Small natural molecules, phloretin and capsaicin, were found to potentiate the membrane activity of nisin in the TOCL-containing membranes. The effect was referred to as changes in the membrane boundary potential at the adsorption of small molecules. We concluded that the compounds diminishing the membrane boundary potential should be considered as the potentiator of the nisin pore-forming ability that can be used to develop innovative formulations for anticancer therapy.
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27
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Wu D, Dai M, Shi Y, Zhou Q, Li P, Gu Q. Purification and characterization of bacteriocin produced by a strain of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus ZFM216. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1050807. [PMID: 36439838 PMCID: PMC9684204 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1050807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent surge in demand for natural preservatives has ushered in a new era of research into novel bacteriocins capable of effectively combating food-borne infections. In this study, the bacteriocin from Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus ZFM216, which has a molecular mass of 11851.9 Da, was purified using macroporous resin, gel chromatography, and reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography. This bacteriocin could inhibit both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. It had a strong inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus D48 with minimum inhibitory concentration values of 1.75 μM. Bacteriocin ZFM216 was heat stable and showed pH stability under weakly acidic conditions. It was sensitive to pepsin, proteinase K and trypsin. Electron microscopy results showed that when treated with bacteriocin ZFM216, S. aureus D48 was severely deformed, the cell structure was obviously changed, and the intracellular electrolyte leaked to the outside of the cell. Bacteriocin ZFM216 caused the ATP level of the indicator to decrease, the conductivity to sharply increase, and the transmembrane potential difference (ΔΨ) to instantaneously decrease. This research formed the basis for further development and utilization of bacteriocin ZFM216 which has potential in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ping Li
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qing Gu
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
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28
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Ayikpoe RS, Shi C, Battiste AJ, Eslami SM, Ramesh S, Simon MA, Bothwell IR, Lee H, Rice AJ, Ren H, Tian Q, Harris LA, Sarksian R, Zhu L, Frerk AM, Precord TW, van der Donk WA, Mitchell DA, Zhao H. A scalable platform to discover antimicrobials of ribosomal origin. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6135. [PMID: 36253467 PMCID: PMC9576775 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33890-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs) are a promising source of new antimicrobials in the face of rising antibiotic resistance. Here, we report a scalable platform that combines high-throughput bioinformatics with automated biosynthetic gene cluster refactoring for rapid evaluation of uncharacterized gene clusters. As a proof of concept, 96 RiPP gene clusters that originate from diverse bacterial phyla involving 383 biosynthetic genes are refactored in a high-throughput manner using a biological foundry with a success rate of 86%. Heterologous expression of all successfully refactored gene clusters in Escherichia coli enables the discovery of 30 compounds covering six RiPP classes: lanthipeptides, lasso peptides, graspetides, glycocins, linear azol(in)e-containing peptides, and thioamitides. A subset of the discovered lanthipeptides exhibit antibiotic activity, with one class II lanthipeptide showing low µM activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae, an ESKAPE pathogen. Overall, this work provides a robust platform for rapidly discovering RiPPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard S Ayikpoe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, 61801, IL, USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, 61801, IL, USA
| | - Chengyou Shi
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, 61801, IL, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, 61801, IL, USA
| | - Alexander J Battiste
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, 61801, IL, USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, 61801, IL, USA
| | - Sara M Eslami
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, 61801, IL, USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, 61801, IL, USA
| | - Sangeetha Ramesh
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, 61801, IL, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, 61801, IL, USA
| | - Max A Simon
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, 61801, IL, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, 61801, IL, USA
| | - Ian R Bothwell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, 61801, IL, USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, 61801, IL, USA
| | - Hyunji Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, 61801, IL, USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, 61801, IL, USA
| | - Andrew J Rice
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, 61801, IL, USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, 61801, IL, USA
| | - Hengqian Ren
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, 61801, IL, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, 61801, IL, USA
| | - Qiqi Tian
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, 61801, IL, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, 61801, IL, USA
| | - Lonnie A Harris
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, 61801, IL, USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, 61801, IL, USA
| | - Raymond Sarksian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, 61801, IL, USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, 61801, IL, USA
| | - Lingyang Zhu
- School of Chemical Sciences NMR Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, 61801, IL, USA
| | - Autumn M Frerk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, 61801, IL, USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, 61801, IL, USA
| | - Timothy W Precord
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, 61801, IL, USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, 61801, IL, USA
| | - Wilfred A van der Donk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, 61801, IL, USA.
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, 61801, IL, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, 61801, IL, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, 61801, IL, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 4000 Jones Bridge Road, Chevy Chase, 20815, MD, USA.
| | - Douglas A Mitchell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, 61801, IL, USA.
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, 61801, IL, USA.
- Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, 61801, IL, USA.
| | - Huimin Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, 61801, IL, USA.
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, 61801, IL, USA.
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, 61801, IL, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, 61801, IL, USA.
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29
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Ongpipattanakul C, Desormeaux EK, DiCaprio A, van der Donk WA, Mitchell DA, Nair SK. Mechanism of Action of Ribosomally Synthesized and Post-Translationally Modified Peptides. Chem Rev 2022; 122:14722-14814. [PMID: 36049139 PMCID: PMC9897510 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs) are a natural product class that has undergone significant expansion due to the rapid growth in genome sequencing data and recognition that they are made by biosynthetic pathways that share many characteristic features. Their mode of actions cover a wide range of biological processes and include binding to membranes, receptors, enzymes, lipids, RNA, and metals as well as use as cofactors and signaling molecules. This review covers the currently known modes of action (MOA) of RiPPs. In turn, the mechanisms by which these molecules interact with their natural targets provide a rich set of molecular paradigms that can be used for the design or evolution of new or improved activities given the relative ease of engineering RiPPs. In this review, coverage is limited to RiPPs originating from bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chayanid Ongpipattanakul
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Emily K. Desormeaux
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Adam DiCaprio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Wilfred A. van der Donk
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.,Department of Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.,Departments of Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.,Corresponding authors Wilfred A. van der Donk, , 217-244-5360, Douglas A. Mitchell, , 217-333-1345, Satish K. Nair, , 217-333-0641
| | - Douglas A. Mitchell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.,Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.,Departments of Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.,Corresponding authors Wilfred A. van der Donk, , 217-244-5360, Douglas A. Mitchell, , 217-333-1345, Satish K. Nair, , 217-333-0641
| | - Satish K. Nair
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.,Departments of Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.,Corresponding authors Wilfred A. van der Donk, , 217-244-5360, Douglas A. Mitchell, , 217-333-1345, Satish K. Nair, , 217-333-0641
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30
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Chen R, Skeens JW, Wiedmann M, Guariglia-Oropeza V. The efficacy of nisin against Listeria monocytogenes on cold-smoked salmon at natural contamination levels is concentration-dependent and varies by serotype. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:930400. [PMID: 36147859 PMCID: PMC9486479 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.930400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cold-smoked salmon is a ready-to-eat food product capable of supporting Listeria monocytogenes growth at refrigeration temperatures. While the FDA-approved antimicrobial nisin can be used to mitigate L. monocytogenes contamination, stresses associated with cold-smoked salmon and the associated processing environments may reduce nisin efficacy. A previous study in our laboratory showed that, at high inoculation levels, pre-exposure of L. monocytogenes to sublethal concentrations of quaternary ammonium compounds had an overall detrimental effect on nisin efficacy. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of nisin concentration and storage temperature on nisin efficacy against L. monocytogenes inoculated on salmon at natural contamination levels. Three L. monocytogenes strains were pre-grown in the presence of sublethal levels of benzalkonium chloride prior to inoculation at ~102 CFU/g on salmon slices that were pre-treated with either 0, 25, or 250 ppm nisin, followed by vacuum-packing and incubation at 4 or 7°C for up to 30 days. L. monocytogenes was enumerated on days 1, 15, and 30 using direct plating and/or most probable number methods. A hurdle model was constructed to describe the odds of complete elimination of L. monocytogenes on salmon and the level of L. monocytogenes when complete elimination was not achieved. Our data showed that (i) nisin efficacy (defined as L. monocytogenes reduction relative to the untreated control) was concentration-dependent with increased efficacy at 250 ppm nisin, and that (ii) 250 ppm nisin treatments led to a reduction in L. monocytogenes prevalence, independent of storage temperature and serotype; this effect of nisin could only be identified since low inoculation levels were used. While lower storage temperatures (i.e., 4°C) yielded lowered absolute L. monocytogenes counts on days 15 and 30 (as compared to 7°C), nisin efficacy did not differ between these two temperatures. Finally, the serotype 1/2b strain was found to be more susceptible to nisin compared with serotype 1/2a and 4b strains on samples incubated at 7°C or treated with 25 ppm nisin. This variation of nisin susceptibility across serotypes, which is affected by both the storage temperature and nisin concentration, needs to be considered while evaluating the efficacy of nisin.
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31
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Vogel V, Olari LR, Jachmann M, Reich SJ, Häring M, Kissmann AK, Rosenau F, Riedel CU, Münch J, Spellerberg B. The bacteriocin Angicin interferes with bacterial membrane integrity through interaction with the mannose phosphotransferase system. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:991145. [PMID: 36147850 PMCID: PMC9486217 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.991145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In a natural environment, bacteria are members of multispecies communities. To compete with rival species, bacteria produce antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), called bacteriocins. Bacteriocins are small, cationic, ribosomally synthesized peptides, which normally inhibit closely related species of the producing organism. Bacteriocin production is best studied in lactic bacteria (LAB). Streptococcus anginosus, belonging to LAB, produces the potent bacteriocin Angicin, which shows inhibitory activity against other streptococci, Listeria monocytogenes and vancomycin resistant Enterococcus faecium (VRE). Furthermore, Angicin shows a high resistance toward pH changes and heat, rendering it an interesting candidate for food preservation or clinical applications. The inhibitory activity of Angicin depends on the presence of a mannose phosphotransferase system (Man-PTS) in target cells, since L. monocytogenes harboring a deletion in an extracellular loop of this system is no longer sensitive to Angicin. Furthermore, we demonstrated by liposome leakage and pHluorin assays that Angicin destroys membrane integrity but shows only low cytotoxicity against human cell lines. In conclusion, we show that Angicin has a detrimental effect on the membrane of target organisms by using the Man-PTS as a receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Vogel
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Lia-Raluca Olari
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Marie Jachmann
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sebastian J. Reich
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Michelle Häring
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Frank Rosenau
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christian U. Riedel
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jan Münch
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Barbara Spellerberg
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
- *Correspondence: Barbara Spellerberg,
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Revilla-Guarinos A, Popp PF, Dürr F, Lozano-Cruz T, Hartig J, de la Mata FJ, Gómez R, Mascher T. Synthesis and mechanism-of-action of a novel synthetic antibiotic based on a dendritic system with bow-tie topology. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:912536. [PMID: 36090105 PMCID: PMC9459136 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.912536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the course of the last decades, the continuous exposure of bacteria to antibiotics-at least in parts due to misprescription, misuse, and misdosing-has led to the widespread development of antimicrobial resistances. This development poses a threat to the available medication in losing their effectiveness in treating bacterial infections. On the drug development side, only minor advances have been made to bring forward novel therapeutics. In addition to increasing the efforts and approaches of tapping the natural sources of new antibiotics, synthetic approaches to developing novel antimicrobials are being pursued. In this study, BDTL049 was rationally designed using knowledge based on the properties of natural antibiotics. BDTL049 is a carbosilane dendritic system with bow-tie type topology, which has antimicrobial activity at concentrations comparable to clinically established natural antibiotics. In this report, we describe its mechanism of action on the Gram-positive model organism Bacillus subtilis. Exposure to BDTL049 resulted in a complex transcriptional response, which pointed toward disturbance of the cell envelope homeostasis accompanied by disruption of other central cellular processes of bacterial metabolism as the primary targets of BDTL049 treatment. By applying a combination of whole-cell biosensors, molecular staining, and voltage sensitive dyes, we demonstrate that the mode of action of BDTL049 comprises membrane depolarization concomitant with pore formation. As a result, this new molecule kills Gram-positive bacteria within minutes. Since BDTL049 attacks bacterial cells at different targets simultaneously, this might decrease the chances for the development of bacterial resistances, thereby making it a promising candidate for a future antimicrobial agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainhoa Revilla-Guarinos
- Department of General Microbiology, Institut Für Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Philipp F. Popp
- Department of General Microbiology, Institut Für Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Franziska Dürr
- Department of General Microbiology, Institut Für Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tania Lozano-Cruz
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Research Institute in Chemistry “Andrés M. Del Río” (IQAR), University de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Health Research Institute (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Johanna Hartig
- Department of General Microbiology, Institut Für Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Francisco Javier de la Mata
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Research Institute in Chemistry “Andrés M. Del Río” (IQAR), University de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Health Research Institute (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Gómez
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Research Institute in Chemistry “Andrés M. Del Río” (IQAR), University de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Health Research Institute (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Thorsten Mascher
- Department of General Microbiology, Institut Für Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Teixobactin kills bacteria by a two-pronged attack on the cell envelope. Nature 2022; 608:390-396. [PMID: 35922513 PMCID: PMC9365693 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05019-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics that use novel mechanisms are needed to combat antimicrobial resistance1–3. Teixobactin4 represents a new class of antibiotics with a unique chemical scaffold and lack of detectable resistance. Teixobactin targets lipid II, a precursor of peptidoglycan5. Here we unravel the mechanism of teixobactin at the atomic level using a combination of solid-state NMR, microscopy, in vivo assays and molecular dynamics simulations. The unique enduracididine C-terminal headgroup of teixobactin specifically binds to the pyrophosphate-sugar moiety of lipid II, whereas the N terminus coordinates the pyrophosphate of another lipid II molecule. This configuration favours the formation of a β-sheet of teixobactins bound to the target, creating a supramolecular fibrillar structure. Specific binding to the conserved pyrophosphate-sugar moiety accounts for the lack of resistance to teixobactin4. The supramolecular structure compromises membrane integrity. Atomic force microscopy and molecular dynamics simulations show that the supramolecular structure displaces phospholipids, thinning the membrane. The long hydrophobic tails of lipid II concentrated within the supramolecular structure apparently contribute to membrane disruption. Teixobactin hijacks lipid II to help destroy the membrane. Known membrane-acting antibiotics also damage human cells, producing undesirable side effects. Teixobactin damages only membranes that contain lipid II, which is absent in eukaryotes, elegantly resolving the toxicity problem. The two-pronged action against cell wall synthesis and cytoplasmic membrane produces a highly effective compound targeting the bacterial cell envelope. Structural knowledge of the mechanism of teixobactin will enable the rational design of improved drug candidates. Using a combination of methods, the mechanism of the antibiotic teixobactin is revealed.
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In pursuit of next-generation therapeutics: Antimicrobial peptides against superbugs, their sources, mechanism of action, nanotechnology-based delivery, and clinical applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 218:135-156. [PMID: 35868409 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.07.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) attracted attention as potential source of novel antimicrobials. Multi-drug resistant (MDR) infections have emerged as a global threat to public health in recent years. Furthermore, due to rapid emergence of new diseases, there is pressing need for development of efficient antimicrobials. AMPs are essential part of the innate immunity in most living organisms, acting as the primary line of defense against foreign invasions. AMPs kill a wide range of microorganisms by primarily targeting cell membranes or intracellular components through a variety of ways. AMPs can be broadly categorized based on their physico-chemical properties, structure, function, target and source of origin. The synthetic analogues produced either with suitable chemical modifications or with the use of suitable delivery systems are projected to eliminate the constraints of toxicity and poor stability commonly linked with natural AMPs. The concept of peptidomimetics is gaining ground around the world nowadays. Among the delivery systems, nanoparticles are emerging as potential delivery tools for AMPs, amplifying their utility against a variety of pathogens. In the present review, the broad classification of various AMPs, their mechanism of action (MOA), challenges associated with AMPs, current applications, and novel strategies to overcome the limitations have been discussed.
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35
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To HTA, Chhetri V, Settachaimongkon S, Prakitchaiwattana C. Stress tolerance-Bacillus with a wide spectrum bacteriocin as an alternative approach for food bio-protective culture production. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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36
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Pang X, Wu Y, Liu X, Wu Y, Shu Q, Niu J, Chen Q, Zhang X. The Lipoteichoic Acid-Related Proteins YqgS and LafA Contribute to the Resistance of Listeria monocytogenes to Nisin. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0209521. [PMID: 35196823 PMCID: PMC8865564 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02095-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a major pathogen contributing to foodborne outbreaks with high mortality. Nisin, a natural antimicrobial, has been widely used as a food preservative. However, the mechanisms of L. monocytogenes involved in nisin resistance have not yet to be fully defined. A mariner transposon library was constructed in L. monocytogenes, leading to the identification of 99 genes associated with the innate resistance to nisin via Transposon sequencing (Tn-seq) analysis. To validate the accuracy of the Tn-seq results, we constructed five mutants (ΔyqgS, ΔlafA, ΔvirR, ΔgtcA, and Δlmo1464) in L. monocytogenes. The results revealed that yqgS and lafA, the lipoteichoic acid-related genes, were essential for resistance to nisin, while the gtcA and lmo1464 mutants showed substantially enhanced nisin resistance. Densely wrinkled, collapsed surface and membrane breakdown were shown on ΔyqgS and ΔlafA mutants under nisin treatment. Deletion of yqgS and lafA altered the surface charge, and decreased the resistance to general stress conditions and cell envelope-acting antimicrobials. Furthermore, YqgS and LafA are required for biofilm formation and cell invasion of L. monocytogenes. Collectively, these results reveal novel mechanisms of nisin resistance in L. monocytogenes and may provide unique targets for the development of food-grade inhibitors for nisin-resistant foodborne pathogens. IMPORTANCE Listeria monocytogenes is an opportunistic Gram-positive pathogen responsible for listeriosis, and is widely present in a variety of foods including ready-to-eat foods, meat, and dairy products. Nisin is the only licensed lantibiotic by the FDA for use as a food-grade inhibitor in over 50 countries. A prior study suggests that L. monocytogenes are more resistant than other Gram-positive pathogens in nisin-mediated bactericidal effects. However, the mechanisms of L. monocytogenes involved in nisin resistance have not yet to be fully defined. Here, we used a mariner transposon library to identify nisin-resistance-related genes on a genome-wide scale via transposon sequencing. We found, for the first time, that YqgS and LafA (Lipoteichoic acid-related proteins) are required for resistance to nisin. Subsequently, we investigated the roles of YqgS and LafA in L. monocytogenes stress resistance, antimicrobial resistance, biofilm formation, and virulence in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Pang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yansha Wu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiayu Liu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yajing Wu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qin Shu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianrui Niu
- College of Agriculture and Forestry, Linyi University, Linyi, China
| | - Qihe Chen
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinglin Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- College of Agriculture and Forestry, Linyi University, Linyi, China
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Qi S, Gao B, Zhu S. A Fungal Defensin Inhibiting Bacterial Cell-Wall Biosynthesis with Non-Hemolysis and Serum Stability. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8020174. [PMID: 35205928 PMCID: PMC8877149 DOI: 10.3390/jof8020174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Defensins are a class of cationic disulfide-bridged antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) present in many eukaryotic organisms and even in bacteria. They primarily include two distinct but evolutionarily related superfamilies (cis and trans). Defensins in fungi belong to the members of the cis-superfamily with the cysteine-stabilized α-helical and β-sheet fold. To date, many fungal defensin-like peptides (fDLPs) have been found through gene mining of the genome resource, but only a few have been experimentally characterized. Here, we report the structural and functional characterization of Pyronesin4 (abbreviated as Py4), a fDLP previously identified by genomic sequencing of the basal filamentous ascomycete Pyronema confluens. Chemically, synthetic Py4 adopts a native-like structure and exhibits activity on an array of Gram-positive bacteria including some clinical isolates of Staphylococcus and Staphylococcus warneri, a conditioned pathogen inhabiting in human skin. Py4 markedly altered the bacterial morphology and caused cytoplasmic accumulation of the cell-wall synthesis precursor through binding to the membrane-bound Lipid II, indicating that it works as an inhibitor of cell-wall biosynthesis. Py4 showed no hemolysis and high mammalian serum stability. This work identified a new fungal defensin with properties relevant to drug exploration. Intramolecular epistasis between mutational sites of fDLPs is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudong Qi
- Group of Peptide Biology and Evolution, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China; (S.Q.); (B.G.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bin Gao
- Group of Peptide Biology and Evolution, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China; (S.Q.); (B.G.)
| | - Shunyi Zhu
- Group of Peptide Biology and Evolution, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China; (S.Q.); (B.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-010-6480-7112
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38
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Marzhoseyni Z, Shojaie L, Tabatabaei SA, Movahedpour A, Safari M, Esmaeili D, Mahjoubin-Tehran M, Jalili A, Morshedi K, Khan H, Okhravi R, Hamblin MR, Mirzaei H. Streptococcal bacterial components in cancer therapy. Cancer Gene Ther 2022; 29:141-155. [PMID: 33753868 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-021-00308-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The incidence rate of cancer is steadily increasing all around the world, and there is an urgent need to develop novel and more effective treatment strategies. Recently, bacterial therapy has been investigated as a new approach to target cancer, and is becoming a serious option. Streptococcus strains are among the most common and well-studied virulent bacteria that cause a variety of human infections. Everyone has experienced a sore throat during their lifetime, or has been asymptomatically colonized by streptococci. The ability of Streptococcus bacteria to fight cancer was discovered more than 100 years ago, and over the years has undergone clinical trials, but the mechanism is not yet completely understood. Recently, several animal models and human clinical trials have been reported. Streptococcal strains can have an intrinsic anti-tumor activity, or can activate the host immune system to fight the tumor. Bacteria can selectively accumulate and proliferate in the hypoxic regions of solid tumors. Moreover, the bacteria can be genetically engineered to secrete toxins or enzymes that can specifically attack the tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynab Marzhoseyni
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Layla Shojaie
- Research Center for Liver Diseases, Keck School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Seyed Alireza Tabatabaei
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Movahedpour
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahmood Safari
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Davoud Esmaeili
- Department of Microbiology and Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute and Department of Microbiology, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Mahjoubin-Tehran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amin Jalili
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Korosh Morshedi
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, 23200, Pakistan
| | - Ranaa Okhravi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Shahrood Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrood, Iran.
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa.
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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Weixler D, Berghoff M, Ovchinnikov KV, Reich S, Goldbeck O, Seibold GM, Wittmann C, Bar NS, Eikmanns BJ, Diep DB, Riedel CU. Recombinant production of the lantibiotic nisin using Corynebacterium glutamicum in a two-step process. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:11. [PMID: 35033086 PMCID: PMC8760817 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01739-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The bacteriocin nisin is naturally produced by Lactococcus lactis as an inactive prepeptide that is modified posttranslationally resulting in five (methyl-)lanthionine rings characteristic for class Ia bacteriocins. Export and proteolytic cleavage of the leader peptide results in release of active nisin. By targeting the universal peptidoglycan precursor lipid II, nisin has a broad target spectrum including important human pathogens such as Listeria monocytogenes and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains. Industrial nisin production is currently performed using natural producer strains resulting in rather low product purity and limiting its application to preservation of dairy food products. RESULTS We established heterologous nisin production using the biotechnological workhorse organism Corynebacterium glutamicum in a two-step process. We demonstrate successful biosynthesis and export of fully modified prenisin and its activation to mature nisin by a purified, soluble variant of the nisin protease NisP (sNisP) produced in Escherichia coli. Active nisin was detected by a L. lactis sensor strain with strictly nisin-dependent expression of the fluorescent protein mCherry. Following activation by sNisP, supernatants of the recombinant C. glutamicum producer strain cultivated in standard batch fermentations contained at least 1.25 mg/l active nisin. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate successful implementation of a two-step process for recombinant production of active nisin with C. glutamicum. This extends the spectrum of bioactive compounds that may be produced using C. glutamicum to a bacteriocin harboring complex posttranslational modifications. Our results provide a basis for further studies to optimize product yields, transfer production to sustainable substrates and purification of pharmaceutical grade nisin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Weixler
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Max Berghoff
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Kirill V Ovchinnikov
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Sebastian Reich
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Oliver Goldbeck
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Gerd M Seibold
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany.,Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Christoph Wittmann
- Institute of Systems Biotechnology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Nadav S Bar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Bernhard J Eikmanns
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Dzung B Diep
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Christian U Riedel
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
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YEHIA HM, ALKHURIJI AF, SAVVAIDIS I, Al-MASOUD AH. Bactericidal effect of nisin and reuterin on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and S. aureus ATCC 25937. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.105321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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41
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Shi D, Shi H. The synergistic antibacterial effect and inhibition of biofilm formation of nisin in combination with terpenes against Listeria monocytogenes. Lett Appl Microbiol 2021; 75:632-642. [PMID: 34953143 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study was to investigate the synergistic antibacterial effect and inhibition of biofilm formation of nisin in combination with terpenes (carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde, citral, and thymol) against Listeria monocytogenes. The bactericidal ranking of terpenes combined with nisin was carvacrol > cinnamaldehyde, citral > thymol. The minimum inhibitory concentration assay (MIC) of nisin and carvacrol when used together were determined to be 0.1563 mg/ml + 0.0195 mg/ml (nisin at MIC/2 + carvacrol at MIC/16). The addition of nisin at MIC/2 + carvacrol at MIC/2 caused more decrease in membrane potential than carvacrol or nisin at MIC individually. The decrease rates of hlyA and plcA gene expressions caused by nisin at MIC/2 + carvacrol at MIC/2 were significantly higher than those caused by carvacrol or nisin at MIC individually (P < 0.05). Nisin combined with carvacrol showed the highest inhibition activity to formation of L. monocytogenes biofilm on stainless steel and lettuce. The inhibition effect of nisin at MIC/2 + carvacrol at MIC/16 was significantly higher than that of nisin at MIC/2 and carvacrol at MIC/16 (P < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongling Shi
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China, 400715
| | - Hui Shi
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China, 400715
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42
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Oulas A, Zachariou M, Chasapis CT, Tomazou M, Ijaz UZ, Schmartz GP, Spyrou GM, Vlamis-Gardikas A. Putative Antimicrobial Peptides Within Bacterial Proteomes Affect Bacterial Predominance: A Network Analysis Perspective. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:752674. [PMID: 34867874 PMCID: PMC8636115 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.752674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The predominance of bacterial taxa in the gut, was examined in view of the putative antimicrobial peptide sequences (AMPs) within their proteomes. The working assumption was that compatible bacteria would share homology and thus immunity to their putative AMPs, while competing taxa would have dissimilarities in their proteome-hidden AMPs. A network-based method ("Bacterial Wars") was developed to handle sequence similarities of predicted AMPs among UniProt-derived protein sequences from different bacterial taxa, while a resulting parameter ("Die" score) suggested which taxa would prevail in a defined microbiome. T he working hypothesis was examined by correlating the calculated Die scores, to the abundance of bacterial taxa from gut microbiomes from different states of health and disease. Eleven publicly available 16S rRNA datasets and a dataset from a full shotgun metagenomics served for the analysis. The overall conclusion was that AMPs encrypted within bacterial proteomes affected the predominance of bacterial taxa in chemospheres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasis Oulas
- Bioinformatics Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus.,The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Margarita Zachariou
- Bioinformatics Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus.,The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Christos T Chasapis
- NMR Center, Instrumental Analysis Laboratory, School of Natural Sciences, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Marios Tomazou
- Bioinformatics Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus.,The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Umer Z Ijaz
- School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | - George M Spyrou
- Bioinformatics Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus.,The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Alexios Vlamis-Gardikas
- Division of Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry and Natural Products, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
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Pérez-Ramos A, Madi-Moussa D, Coucheney F, Drider D. Current Knowledge of the Mode of Action and Immunity Mechanisms of LAB-Bacteriocins. Microorganisms 2021; 9:2107. [PMID: 34683428 PMCID: PMC8538875 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9102107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteriocins produced by lactic acid bacteria (LAB-bacteriocins) may serve as alternatives for aging antibiotics. LAB-bacteriocins can be used alone, or in some cases as potentiating agents to treat bacterial infections. This approach could meet the different calls and politics, which aim to reduce the use of traditional antibiotics and develop novel therapeutic options. Considering the clinical applications of LAB-bacteriocins as a reasonable and desirable therapeutic approach, it is therefore important to assess the advances achieved in understanding their modes of action, and the resistance mechanisms developed by the producing bacteria to their own bacteriocins. Most LAB-bacteriocins act by disturbing the cytoplasmic membrane through forming pores, or by cell wall degradation. Nevertheless, some of these peptides still have unknown modes of action, especially those that are active against Gram-negative bacteria. Regarding immunity, most bacteriocin-producing strains have an immunity mechanism involving an immunity protein and a dedicated ABC transporter system. However, these immunity mechanisms vary from one bacteriocin to another.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Djamel Drider
- UMR Transfrontalière BioEcoAgro 1158, Univ. Lille, INRAE, Univ. Liège, UPJV, YNCREA, Univ. Artois, Univ. Littoral Côte d’Opale, ICV—Institut Charles Viollette, F-59000 Lille, France; (A.P.-R.); (D.M.-M.); (F.C.)
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44
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Ucar Y, Ozogul Y, Durmuş M, Ozogul F. The effects of nisin on the growth of foodborne pathogens and biogenic amine formation: in vivo and in vitro studies. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Molecular Dynamics Insight into the Lipid II Recognition by Type A Lantibiotics: Nisin, Epidermin, and Gallidermin. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12101169. [PMID: 34683220 PMCID: PMC8538299 DOI: 10.3390/mi12101169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Lanthionine-containing peptides (lantibiotics) have been considered as pharmaceutical candidates for decades, although their clinical application has been restricted. Most lantibiotics kill bacteria via targeting and segregating of the cell wall precursor—membrane-inserted lipid II molecule—in some cases accompanied by pores formation. Nisin-like lantibiotics specifically bind to pyrophosphate (PPi) moiety of lipid II with their structurally similar N-terminal thioether rings A and B. Although possessing higher pore-forming capability, nisin, in some cases, is 10-fold less efficient in vivo as compared to related epidermin and gallidermin peptides, differing just in a few amino acid residues within their target-binding regions. Here, using molecular dynamics simulations, we investigated atomistic details of intermolecular interactions between the truncated analogues of these peptides (residues 1–12) and lipid II mimic (dimethyl pyrophosphate, DMPPi). The peptides adopt similar conformation upon DMPPi binding with backbone amide protons orienting into a single center capturing PPi moiety via simultaneous formation of up to seven hydrogen bonds. Epidermin and gallidermin adopt the complex-forming conformation twice as frequent as nisin does, enhancing the binding by the lysine 4 side chain. Introduction of the similar residue to nisin in silico improves the binding, providing ideas for further design of prototypic antibiotics.
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46
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Rahman IR, Sanchez A, Tang W, van der Donk WA. Structure-Activity Relationships of the Enterococcal Cytolysin. ACS Infect Dis 2021; 7:2445-2454. [PMID: 34265205 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.1c00197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Enterococcal cytolysin is a hemolytic virulence factor linked to human disease and increased patient mortality. Produced by pathogenic strains of Enterococcus faecalis, cytolysin is made up of two small, post-translationally modified peptides called CylLL" and CylLS". They exhibit a unique toxicity profile where lytic activity is observed for both mammalian cells and Gram-positive bacteria that is dependent on the presence of both peptides. In this study, we performed alanine substitution of all residues in CylLL" and CylLS" and determined the effect on both activities. We identified key residues involved in overall activity and residues that dictate cell type specificity. All (methyl)lanthionines as well as a Gly-rich hinge region were critical for both activities. In addition, we investigated the binding of the two subunits to bacterial cells suggesting that the large subunit CylLL" has stronger affinity for the membrane or a target molecule therein. Genome mining identified other potential two-component lanthipeptides and provided insights into potential evolutionary origins.
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Cui Z, Luo Q, Bannon MS, Gray VP, Bloom TG, Clore MF, Hughes MA, Crawford MA, Letteri RA. Molecular engineering of antimicrobial peptide (AMP)-polymer conjugates. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:5069-5091. [PMID: 34096936 PMCID: PMC8493962 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm00423a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
As antimicrobial resistance becomes an increasing threat, bringing significant economic and health burdens, innovative antimicrobial treatments are urgently needed. While antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are promising therapeutics, exhibiting high activity against resistant bacterial strains, limited stability and toxicity to mammalian cells has hindered clinical development. Attaching AMPs to polymers provides opportunities to present AMPs in a way that maximizes bacterial killing while enhancing compatibility with mammalian cells, stability, and solubility. Conjugation of an AMP to a linear hydrophilic polymer yields the desired improvements in stability, mammalian cell compatibility, and solubility, yet often markedly reduces bactericidal effects. Non-linear polymer architectures and supramolecular assemblies that accommodate multiple AMPs per polymer chain afford AMP-polymer conjugates that strike a superior balance of antimicrobial activity, mammalian cell compatibility, stability, and solubility. Therefore, we review the design criteria, building blocks, and synthetic strategies for engineering AMP-polymer conjugates, emphasizing the connection between molecular architecture and antimicrobial performance to inspire and enable further innovation to advance this emerging class of biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixian Cui
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA.
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48
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Torres Salazar BO, Heilbronner S, Peschel A, Krismer B. Secondary Metabolites Governing Microbiome Interaction of Staphylococcal Pathogens and Commensals. Microb Physiol 2021; 31:198-216. [PMID: 34325424 DOI: 10.1159/000517082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Various Staphylococcus species colonize skin and upper airways of warm-blooded animals. They compete successfully with many other microorganisms under the hostile and nutrient-poor conditions of these habitats using mechanisms that we are only beginning to appreciate. Small-molecule mediators, whose biosynthesis requires complex enzymatic cascades, so-called secondary metabolites, have emerged as crucial components of staphylococcal microbiome interactions. Such mediators belong to a large variety of compound classes and several of them have attractive properties for future drug development. They include, for instance, bacteriocins such as lanthipeptides, thiopeptides, and fibupeptides that inhibit bacterial competitor species; signaling molecules such as thiolactone peptides that induce or inhibit sensory cascades in other bacteria; or metallophores such as staphyloferrins and staphylopine that scavenge scant transition metal ions. For some secondary metabolites such as the aureusimines, the exact function remains to be elucidated. How secondary metabolites shape the fitness of Staphylococcus species in the complex context of other microbial and host defense factors remains a challenging field of future research. A detailed understanding will help to harness staphylococcal secondary metabolites for excluding the pathogenic species Staphylococcus aureus from the nasal microbiomes of at-risk patients, and it will be instrumental for the development of advanced anti-infective interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin O Torres Salazar
- Department of Infection Biology, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence EXC 2124 Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Simon Heilbronner
- Department of Infection Biology, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence EXC 2124 Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Peschel
- Department of Infection Biology, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence EXC 2124 Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bernhard Krismer
- Department of Infection Biology, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence EXC 2124 Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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49
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Dai M, Li Y, Xu L, Wu D, Zhou Q, Li P, Gu Q. A Novel Bacteriocin From Lactobacillus Pentosus ZFM94 and Its Antibacterial Mode of Action. Front Nutr 2021; 8:710862. [PMID: 34368212 PMCID: PMC8342802 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.710862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteriocins are bioactive antimicrobial peptides synthesized in the ribosome of numerous bacteria and released extracellularly. Pentocin ZFM94 produced by Lactobacillus pentosus (L. pentosus) ZFM94, isolated from infant feces with strong antibacterial activity, was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, dextran gel chromatography, and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). The molecular mass of the purified bacteriocin was 3,547.74 Da determined by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Pentocin ZFM94 exhibited broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against tested Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of Micrococcus luteus (M. luteus) 10,209, Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) D48, and Escherichia coli (E. coli) DH5α were 1.75, 2.00, and 2.50 μm, respectively. Pentocin ZFM94 was heat-stable (30 min at 80°C) and showed inhibitory activity over a wide pH range (5.00–7.00). It could be degraded by trypsin and pepsin, but not by amylase, lysozyme, lipase, and ribonuclease A. Fluorescence leakage assay showed that pentocin ZFM94 induced disruption of the cell membrane and caused leakage of cellular content. Furthermore, lipid II was not an antibacterial target of pentocin ZFM94. This study laid the foundation for further development and utilization of L. pentosus ZFM94 and its bacteriocin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengdi Dai
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanran Li
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Luyao Xu
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Danli Wu
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingqing Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ping Li
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qing Gu
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
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50
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Cao L, Do T, Link AJ. Mechanisms of action of ribosomally synthesized and posttranslationally modified peptides (RiPPs). J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 48:6121428. [PMID: 33928382 PMCID: PMC8183687 DOI: 10.1093/jimb/kuab005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Natural products remain a critical source of medicines and drug leads. One of the most rapidly growing superclasses of natural products is RiPPs: ribosomally synthesized and posttranslationally modified peptides. RiPPs have rich and diverse bioactivities. This review highlights examples of the molecular mechanisms of action that underly those bioactivities. Particular emphasis is placed on RiPP/target interactions for which there is structural information. This detailed mechanism of action work is critical toward the development of RiPPs as therapeutics and can also be used to prioritize hits in RiPP genome mining studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Cao
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Truc Do
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - A James Link
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.,Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
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